By Tim Higgins
Apple Inc. gets its turn this week to mount a courtroom defense
against Epic Games Inc.'s antitrust claims, preparing to bring in
its most powerful spokesman: Tim Cook.
Mr. Cook, a guarded chief executive who is used to carefully
orchestrated public appearances, is set to testify in a trial that,
regardless of the verdict, could prove to be one of the most
consequential for the iPhone maker as it faces accusations it
denies of abusing its market power.
Approaching the 10th anniversary of taking over as chief
executive, Mr. Cook is no stranger to high-profile, make-or-break
moments for Apple. A polished public speaker, he has twice
testified before Congress but never appeared on a witness stand in
a trial where his words could sway a judge for or against the
company.
His testimony is likely to be the most detailed public
discussion he will give on a subject that is likely to loom over
Apple for years to come. Mr. Cook has been preparing for the trial,
according to a person familiar with his effort. That has included
hours of practice rounds from former prosecutors chosen by his
legal team to simulate the witness stand.
He is expected to seek to bolster Apple's argument that it isn't
a monopoly in a case that threatens to unravel its control over the
App Store, a key part of Apple's services business that generated
almost $54 billion last year.
Epic contends Apple has created monopolies by blocking other app
stores on the iPhone and requiring apps to use its in-app purchase
system to collect digital revenue, allowing it to collect a 30%
commission that Epic says is unfairly high. Apple counters that the
commission is fair for the value it has created for developers and
users, is in line with what others charge and points to Android
devices, computers and videogame consoles as examples to buttress
the claim that it isn't limiting distribution of Epic's game
"Fortnite."
"Tim Cook's going to have to show that the reason they had these
fees was not to maintain their dominance or squeeze money out of
somebody, but rather, it was critical to maintaining a business and
there's nothing unfair about it," said Jeffrey Jacobovitz, a former
lawyer with the Federal Trade Commission who isn't involved in the
case but follows it closely. The risk, however, is saying something
that "lives on in infamy," he added.
Apple's former marketing chief Phil Schiller, now a company
fellow, and Craig Federighi, head of software, are likely witnesses
this week while Mr. Cook, who is scheduled to be on the stand for a
total of 100 minutes, is expected toward the end of the week or
early next week, as the trial in Oakland, Calif., looks to wrap
up.
Apple has told the court Mr. Cook will speak about the company's
core values among other topics that deal with how it operates and
the competition it faces. He is also likely to emphasize the
economic benefits the App Store has created for developers -- a
theme the company often touts. Apple is looking to use its
executive to further its defense that Epic's true motivations were
to get itself a better deal.
During cross-examinations this week, Epic is likely to further
attack Apple's claim that the rules around its store are to ensure
security and other protections for customers, trying to emphasize
its argument that the security claims are a pretext to justify a
business policy decision.
The origin of Apple's App Store has become one of the side
narratives in the near monthlong case as Epic tries to show that
the store has morphed from being aimed at breaking even into a
money making powerhouse that is able to collect unfair commissions
and geared toward protecting profits.
Epic unearthed an email between senior executives from the
summer of 2011 that reveals internal debate about whether the 70-30
split should remain so favorable for Apple.
"I don't think that 70/30 will last unchanged forever," Mr.
Schiller, then head of marketing, said in an email to Apple
co-founder Steve Jobs and another executive.
Mr. Schiller continued, "Once we are making over $1B a year in
profit from the App Store, is that enough to then think about a
model where we ratchet down from 70/30 to 75/25 or even 80/20 if we
can maintain a $1B a year run rate? I know that is controversial, I
just tee it up as another way to look at the size of the business,
what we want to achieve, and how we stay competitive."
Epic has leaned heavily on an expert's analysis of Apple records
to say that the App Store's profit margin was almost 80% in fiscal
year 2019. The report cites Apple's own records calculating the
operating margin at 77.8%.
Apple has disputed the figures, arguing that they don't
represent how it runs its business. To emphasize the point, an
Apple lawyer pressed Epic Chief Executive Tim Sweeney on how his
company similarly doesn't account for shared engineering costs to a
particular project.
"If someone were to point at one product or service that your
company offers and declare a precise profit margin for it, that
assessment would be fundamentally flawed, wouldn't it?" Richard
Doren, a lawyer for Apple, asked.
"Yes, within most parts of Epic, that's correct," Mr. Sweeney
said.
Mr. Sweeney's performance during the course of two days was
mostly subdued. Those dialing into the courtroom, because Covid-19
safety precautions kept them out, had trouble hearing him as he
spoke softly -- even the judge sitting near him asked him to repeat
things a few times.
"I'm pretty sure Apple feels pretty happy," said David
Reichenberg, an antitrust lawyer, who isn't involved in the case
but listened to Mr. Sweeney's performance. "He didn't seem to come
off as confident."
One email to emerge in the latest court battle showed a brief
moment of unvarnished Mr. Cook and illustrates how far things have
come between him and Mr. Sweeney.
After Mr. Sweeney, who had participated in a past Apple
marketing event, emailed Mr. Cook in 2015 with suggestions for the
App Store, Mr. Cook responded privately to his deputies: "Is this
the guy that was at one of our rehearsals?"
Write to Tim Higgins at Tim.Higgins@WSJ.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
May 17, 2021 06:14 ET (10:14 GMT)
Copyright (c) 2021 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL)
Historical Stock Chart
From Apr 2024 to May 2024
Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL)
Historical Stock Chart
From May 2023 to May 2024