Principal Risks
An investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund could lose money or its performance could trail that of other investment alternatives. The Adviser cannot guarantee
that the Fund will achieve its objective. In addition, the Fund presents some risks not traditionally associated with most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds. It is important that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and
understand how these risks interrelate before making an investment in the Fund. Turbulence in financial markets and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets could negatively affect issuers worldwide, including the Fund. There is
the risk that you could lose all or a portion of your money invested in the Fund.
Adverse Market Conditions Risk
Because
the Fund magnifies the performance of the Index, its performance will suffer during conditions in which the Index declines.
Advisers Investment Strategy Risk
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative methodology to select investments for the Fund. Although
this methodology is designed to correlate the Funds performance with the performance of the Index, there is no assurance that such methodology will be successful and will enable the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
Consumer Staples Sector Risk
The Fund invests in, and/or has exposure to, the securities of companies in the consumer staples sector.
The consumer staples sector may be affected by the permissibility of using various food additives and production methods, changing consumer tastes, marketing campaigns and other factors affecting consumer demand. In particular, tobacco companies may
be adversely affected by new laws, regulations and litigation. The consumer staples sector may also
be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors.
Counterparty Risk
The Fund may invest in financial instruments involving counterparties for the purpose of attempting to gain exposure
to a particular group of securities or an asset class without actually purchasing those securities or investments, or to hedge a position. These financial instruments may include swap agreements. The use of swap agreements and other counterparty
instruments involves risks that are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. For example, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the
default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. Swap agreements and other counterparty instruments also may be considered to be illiquid. In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements that involve a limited number of counterparties,
which may increase the Funds exposure to counterparty credit risk. The Fund does not specifically limit its counterparty risk with respect to any single counterparty. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties will be willing to
enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of what the Fund owns and the Funds share price. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value
against a foreign currency, an investment in that country
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loses value because that currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Devaluation of a currency by a countrys government or banking authority also will have a significant impact on the value of
any investments denominated in that currency. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets.
Daily
Correlation Risk
There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of correlation to the Index and therefore achieve its daily investment objective. To achieve a high degree of correlation with the Index, the Fund seeks to
rebalance its portfolio daily to keep leverage consistent with its daily target. The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily target due to fees and expenses, high portfolio turnover, transaction costs and costs associated with the use of
leveraged investment techniques and/or a temporary lack of liquidity in the markets for the securities held by the Fund. Market disruptions, regulatory restrictions or extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Funds ability to adjust
exposure to the required levels. The Fund may not have investment exposure to all securities in its underlying Index, or its weighting of investment exposure to such stocks or industries may be different from that of the Index. In addition, the Fund
may invest in securities or financial instruments not included in the underlying Index. The Fund may be subject to large movements of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to its Index. In
addition, the target amount of portfolio exposure to the Index is impacted dynamically by the Indexs movement. Because of this, it is unlikely that the Fund will be perfectly exposed to the Index at the end of each day. The possibility of the
Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to its Index increases on days when the Index is volatile near the close of the trading day. Activities surrounding annual index reconstitutions and other index rebalancing or reconstitution events may
hinder the Funds ability to meet its daily investment objective on that day.
Depositary Receipt Risk
To the extent
the Fund seeks exposure to foreign companies, the Funds investments may be in the form of depositary receipts or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers, including American Depositary Receipts (ADRs),
European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). While the use of ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded on exchanges and represent and ownership in a foreign security, provide an alternative to
directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their respective national markets and currencies, investments in ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs continue to be subject to certain of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Derivatives Risk
The Fund uses investment techniques, including investments in derivatives such as futures and forward
contracts, options and swaps, which may be considered aggressive. Investments in such derivatives are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time and may increase the volatility of the Fund. The use of derivatives may
expose the Fund to additional risks that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives, such as counterparty risk and the risk that the derivatives may become illiquid. The use of derivatives may
result in larger losses or smaller gains than otherwise would be the case. Additionally, with respect to the use of swap agreements, if the Index has a dramatic intraday move in value that causes a material decline in the Funds net asset value
(NAV), the terms of the swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may allow the counterparty to immediately close out of the transaction with the Fund. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap
agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve the desired exposure consistent with the Funds daily investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its daily investment objective particularly if the Index reverses all or a
portion of its intraday move by the end of the day. In addition, the Funds investments in derivatives, as of the date of this Prospectus, are subject to the following risks:
Futures and Forward Contracts.
There may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of the securities
held by the Fund and the prices of futures contracts. There may not be a liquid secondary market for the futures contracts. Forward currency transactions include the risks associated with fluctuations in currency.
Options.
There may be an imperfect correlation between the prices of options and movements in the price of the securities (or
indices) hedged or used for cover, which may cause a given hedge not to achieve its objective.
Swap Agreements.
Interest rate swaps are subject to interest rate and credit risk. Total return swaps are subject to counterparty risk, which relates to credit risk of the counterparty and liquidity risk of the swaps themselves.
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk
An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or
sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may
be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses.
Effects of Compounding and Market
Volatility Risk
The Fund does not attempt to, and should not be expected to, provide returns which are a multiple of the return of the Index for periods other than a single day. The Fund rebalances its portfolio on a daily basis,
increasing exposure in response to that days gains or reducing exposure in response to that days losses. This means that for a period longer than one day, the pursuit of daily goals may result in daily leveraged compounding. It also
means that the return of an index over a period of time greater than one day multiplied by the Funds daily target (300%) generally will not equal the Funds performance over that same period.
As a result, over time, the cumulative percentage increase or decrease in the value of the Funds portfolio may diverge significantly from the
cumulative percentage increase or decrease in the multiple of the return of the Funds underlying index due to the compounding effect of losses and gains on the returns of the Fund. It also is expected that the Funds use of leverage will
cause the Fund to underperform the return of three times its benchmark in a trendless or flat market.
The effect of compounding becomes
more pronounced on the Funds performance as the Index experiences volatility. The Indexs volatility rate is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in the returns of the Index. The table below provides examples of how
Index volatility could affect the Funds performance. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of performance and volatility over a one-year period and is shown to illustrate how holding the Fund for a period longer
than one day may negatively impact investment return. As shown below, this Fund, or any other 3X Bull Fund, would be expected to lose 17.1% (as shown in Table 1 below) if its Index provided no return over a one year period during which the Index
experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Indexs annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one year period for the Fund widens to approximately 81.5%.
At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a near complete loss of value even if the Index is flat. For instance, if the Indexs
annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be
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expected to lose 95% of its value, even if the cumulative Index return for the year was only 0%.
Table 1
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One
Year
Index
Return
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300%
One Year
Index
Return
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Volatility Rate
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10%
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25%
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50%
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75%
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100%
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60%
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180%
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93.8%
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94.7%
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97.0%
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98.8%
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99.7%
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50%
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150%
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87.9%
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89.6%
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94.1%
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97.7%
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99.4%
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40%
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120%
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79.0%
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82.1%
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89.8%
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96.0%
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98.9%
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30%
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90%
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66.7%
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71.6%
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83.8%
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93.7%
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98.3%
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20%
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60%
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50.3%
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57.6%
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75.8%
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90.5%
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97.5%
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10%
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30%
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29.3%
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39.6%
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65.6%
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86.5%
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96.4%
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0%
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0%
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3.0%
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17.1%
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52.8%
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81.5%
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95.0%
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10%
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30%
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29.2%
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10.3%
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37.1%
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75.4%
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93.4%
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20%
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60%
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67.7%
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43.3%
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18.4%
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68.0%
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91.4%
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30%
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90%
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113.2%
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82.1%
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3.8%
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59.4%
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89.1%
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40%
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120%
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166.3%
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127.5%
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29.6%
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49.2%
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86.3%
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50%
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150%
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227.5%
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179.8%
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59.4%
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37.6%
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83.2%
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60%
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180%
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297.5%
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239.6%
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93.5%
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24.2%
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79.6%
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The Indexs annualized historical volatility rate for the period from inception, February 11, 2008, through
December 31, 2012 is 32.2%. The Indexs highest volatility rate during the same period is 49.4% and volatility for a shorter period of time may have been substantially higher. The Indexs annualized performance for the same period is
4.8%. Historical Index volatility and performance are not indications of what the Index volatility and performance will be in the future.
For additional graphs and charts demonstrating the effects of volatility and index performance on the long-term performance of the Fund, see Additional Information Regarding Investment Techniques and
Policies and Negative Implications of Daily Goals in Volatile Markets in the Funds statutory prospectus, and Special Note Regarding the Correlation Risks of the Funds in the Funds Statement of Additional
Information.
Holding an unmanaged position opens the investor to the risk of market volatility adversely affecting the performance
of the investment. The Fund is not appropriate for investors who do not intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios. This table is intended to underscore the fact that the Fund is designed as a short-term trading vehicle for investors who
intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios.
To fully understand the risks of market volatility on the Fund, see
Negative Implications of Daily Goals in Volatile Markets found in the statutory prospectus.
Emerging Markets Risk
Indirectly investing in emerging markets instruments involve greater risks than indirectly investing in foreign instruments in general. Risks of investing in emerging market countries include: political or social upheaval; nationalization of
businesses; restrictions on foreign ownership; prohibitions on the repatriation of assets; and risks from an economys dependence on revenues from particular commodities or industries. In addition, currency transfer restrictions, limited
potential buyers for such instruments, delays and disruption in settlement procedures and illiquidity or low volumes of transactions may make exits difficult or impossible at times.
Equity Securities Risk
Investments in publicly issued equity securities and securities that provide exposure to equity securities,
including common stocks, in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which the Fund invests will cause the NAV of the Fund to fluctuate.
Financial Services Companies Risk
The Fund will focus its investments in securities issued by, and/or have exposure to, financial
services companies. As a result, the Fund is subject to risks of legislative or regulatory changes, adverse market conditions and/or increased competition affecting the financial services companies. Profitability is largely dependent on the
availability and cost of capital, and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers also can negatively impact the sector.
Foreign Securities Risk
Indirectly investing in foreign instruments may involve greater risks than investing in domestic instruments.
As a result, the Funds returns and NAVs may be affected to a large degree by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates, political, diplomatic or economic conditions and regulatory requirements in other countries. The laws and
accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards in foreign countries typically are not as strict as they are in the U.S., and there may be less public information available about foreign companies.
Gain Limitation Risk
If the Funds benchmark moves more than 33% on a given trading day in a direction adverse to the Fund, you
would lose all of your money. Rafferty will attempt to position the Funds portfolio to ensure that the Fund does not lose more than 90% of its
NAV on a given day. The cost of such downside protection will be limitations on the
Funds gains. As a consequence, the Funds portfolio may not be responsive to Index gains beyond 30% in a given day. For example, if the Index were to gain 35%, the Fund might be limited to a daily gain of 90% rather than 105%, which is
300% of the Index gain of 35%.
Geographic Concentration Risk
Investments in a particular country or geographic region may
be particularly susceptible to political, diplomatic or economic conditions and regulatory requirements. As a result, the Fund may be more volatile than a more geographically diversified fund.
Healthcare Sector Risk
The Fund invests in, and/or has exposure to, the securities of companies in the healthcare sector. The
profitability of companies in the healthcare sector may be affected by extensive government regulation, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased
emphasis on outpatient services, limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection. The expiration of patents may adversely
affect the profitability of these companies. Many healthcare companies are subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise
prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk
Daily rebalancing of the Funds holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much
greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most exchange-traded funds. Such frequent and active trading leads to significantly higher transaction costs because of increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In
addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased capital gains, including short-term and/or long-term capital gains that will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the
short term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Funds trading. As such, if the Funds extensive use of derivative instruments were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be
significantly higher.
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Industrial Sector Risk
The Fund invests in, and/or has exposure to, the securities of
companies in the industrial sector. Stock prices of issuers in the industrial sector are affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for industrial sector products in general. Government regulation, world events and
economic conditions will also affect the performance of investment in such issuers. Aerospace and defense companies, a component of the industrials sector, can be significantly affected by governments spending policies because companies involved in
this industry rely to a significant extent on U.S. and other government demand for their products and services. Thus, the financial condition of, and investor interest in, areospace and defense companies are heavily influenced by government defense
spending policies which are typically under pressure from efforts to the control government spending budgets. Transportation companies, another component of the industrial sector, are subject to cyclical performance and therefore investment in such
companies may experience occasional sharp price movements which may result from changes in the economy, fuel prices, labor agreements and insurance costs.
Intra-Day Investment Risk
The Fund seeks leveraged investment results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact
exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the value of the Index at the market close on the first trading day and the value of the Index at the time of purchase. If the Index gains
value, the Funds net assets will rise by the same amount as the Funds exposure. Conversely, if the Index declines, the Funds net assets will decline by the same amount as the Funds exposure. Since a Fund starts each trading
day with exposure which is 300% of its net assets, a change in both the exposure and the net assets of the Fund by the same absolute amount results in a change in the comparative relationship of the two. As an example (using simplified numbers), if
the Fund had $100 in net assets at the market close, it would seek $300 of exposure to the next trading days Index performance. If the Index rose by 1% by noon the following trading day, the exposure of the Fund will have risen by 1% to $303
and the net assets will have risen by that $3 gain to $103. With net assets of $103 and exposure of $303, a purchaser at that point would be receiving 294% exposure of her investment instead of 300%.
Leverage Risk
If you invest in the Fund, you are exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Index will be
leveraged. This means that your investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 3% for every 1% daily decline, not including the cost of financing the portfolio and the impact of operating expenses, which would further lower your
investment. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event of an Index decline of more than 33%. Further, purchasing shares during a day may result in greater than 300% exposure to the performance of the Index
if the Index declines between the close of the markets on one trading day and before the close of the markets on the next trading day.
To fully understand the risks of using leverage in the Fund, see Effects of Compounding and Market Volatility Risk above.
Liquidity Risk
Some securities held by the Fund, including derivatives, may be difficult to sell or illiquid, particularly during
times of market turmoil. Illiquid securities also may be difficult to value. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or at a price that is lower than Raffertys judgment of the securitys true market
value, the Fund may be forced to sell the security at a loss. Such a situation may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Index.
Market Risk
The Fund is subject to market risks that can affect the value of its shares. These risks include political, regulatory,
market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market.
Market Timing Risk
Rafferty expects a significant portion of the assets of the Fund to come from professional money managers and
investors who use the Funds as part of asset allocation and market timing investment strategies. These strategies often call for frequent trading which may lead to increased portfolio turnover, higher transaction costs, and
the possibility of increased capital gains, including short-term and/or long-term capital gain that will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
Non-Diversification Risk
The Fund is non-diversified, which means it invests a high percentage of its assets in a limited number of securities. A non-diversified funds NAV and total return may
fluctuate more or fall greater in times of weaker markets than a conventional diversified fund.
Regulatory Risk
The Fund
is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will impact the way the Fund operates, increase the particular costs of the Funds operations and/or change the competitive landscape.
Risks of Investing in Other Investment Companies (including ETFs)
Investments in the securities of other investment companies,
including ETFs, may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. Fund shareholders indirectly bear the Funds proportionate share of the fees and expenses indirectly paid by shareholders of the other investment company or
ETF, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders bear in connection with the Funds own operations. The Funds performance may be magnified positively or negatively by virtue of its investment in other investment companies. If
the investment company or ETF fails to achieve its investment objective, the value of the Funds investment will decline, adversely affecting the Funds performance. In addition, closed end investment company and ETF shares potentially may
trade at a discount or a premium and are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Finally, because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, the Adviser may not be able to
liquidate the Funds holdings in those shares at the most optimal time, adversely affecting the Funds performance.
Tax and
Distribution Risk
The Fund has extremely high portfolio turnover which causes the Fund to generate significant amounts of taxable income. This income is typically short-term capital gain, which is generally treated as ordinary income when
distributed to shareholders, or short-term capital loss. The Fund rarely generates long-term capital gain or loss. The Fund will generally need to distribute net short-term capital gain to satisfy certain tax requirements. As a result of the
Funds high portfolio turnover, the Fund could make larger and/or more frequent distributions than traditional unleveraged ETFs. Because the Funds asset level changes frequently, these distributions could comprise a substantial portion or
even all of the Funds net assets if the Fund distributes this income after a decline in its net assets. In addition, the Fund may be held by short-term investors and these investors may exit the Fund prior to the record date of a distribution.
As a result, shareholders in the Fund on the day of a distribution may receive substantial distributions, which could lead to negative tax implications for such shareholders. Potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers for more
detailed information.
Rules governing the federal income tax aspects of certain derivatives, including total return equity swaps, real
estate-related swaps, credit default swaps and other credit derivatives
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are not entirely clear. Because the Funds status as a regulated investment company might be affected if the Internal Revenue Service did not accept the Funds treatment of certain
transactions involving derivatives, the Funds ability to engage in these transactions may be limited.
Technology and
Telecommunications Sector Risk
The Fund will focus its investments in securities issued by, and/or have exposure to, companies that serve the electronics, software, IT services, computer and telecommunications equipment and services
industries or that manufacture products based on the latest applied science. The market prices of technology and/or telecommunications-related securities tend to exhibit a greater degree of market risk and sharp price fluctuations than other types
of securities. These securities may fall in and out of favor with investors rapidly, which may cause sudden selling and dramatically lower market prices. Technology and telecommunications securities also may be affected adversely by changes in
technology, consumer and business purchasing patterns, government regulation and/or obsolete products or services. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect technology and telecommunications companies.
Tracking Error Risk
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily target due to fees and expenses, high portfolio turnover,
transaction costs, and/or a temporary lack of liquidity in the markets for the securities held by the Fund. A failure to achieve a daily target may cause the Fund to provide returns for a longer period that are worse than expected. In addition, even
though the Fund may meet its daily target for a period of time, this will not necessarily produce the returns that might be expected in light of the returns of the Index or the Funds benchmark for that period.
Valuation Time Risk
The Fund values its portfolio as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
(generally 4:00 P.M. Eastern time). In some cases, foreign market indices close before the NYSE opens or may not be open for business on the same calendar days as the Fund. As a result, the daily performance of the Fund can vary from the performance
of the Index.
Special Risks of Exchange-Traded Funds
Not Individually Redeemable.
Shares are not individually redeemable and may be redeemed by the Fund at NAV only in large blocks known as Creation Units. You may incur brokerage costs purchasing enough
Shares to constitute a Creation Unit.
Trading Issues.
Trading in Shares on an exchange may be halted due to market
conditions or for reasons that, in the view of that exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility or other reasons. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the
exchange on which it trades, and the listing requirements may be amended from time to time.
Market Price Variance Risk.
Individual Shares of the Fund that are listed for trading on an exchange can be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for Shares. The
Adviser cannot predict whether Shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Differences between secondary market prices and NAV for Shares may be due largely to supply and demand forces in the secondary market, which forces may not be the same as
those influencing prices for securities or instruments held by the Fund at a particular time. Given the fact that Shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units, the Adviser believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of Shares should
not be sustained. There may, however, be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly and you may pay more than NAV when buying Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares. The market
price of Shares, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a bid-ask spread charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. In times of severe market disruption,
the bid-ask spread often increases significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your
Shares. The Funds investment results are measured based upon the daily NAV of the Fund over a period of time. Investors purchasing and selling Shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those
experienced by those creating and redeeming directly with the Fund. There is no guarantee that an active secondary market will develop for Shares of the Fund.