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SUMMARY

For your convenience, provided below is a brief summary of certain information contained in this proxy statement. This summary highlights selected information from this proxy statement and does not contain all of the information that may be important to you as an Onconetix stockholder. To understand the PMX Transaction fully and for a more complete description of the terms of the PMX Transaction, you should read carefully this entire proxy statement, its annexes and the other documents to which you are referred. You may obtain the information incorporated by reference in this proxy statement, without charge, by following the instructions under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

The PMX Transaction

On December 15, 2023, Onconetix acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Proteomedix (the “Purchased Shares”) in exchange for newly issued shares of Onconetix Common Stock, and newly issued shares of Series B Preferred Stock, as further described below (the “Share Exchange” and the other transactions contemplated by the Share Exchange Agreement, the “PMX Transaction”).

The terms and conditions of the PMX Transaction are contained in the Share Exchange Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Annex B hereto. Onconetix and Proteomedix encourage you to read the Share Exchange Agreement carefully and in its entirety, as it is the legal document that governs the PMX Transaction.

Further, on December 15, 2023, Onconetix filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State. The amendment changed the name of Onconetix from “Blue Water Biotech, Inc.” to “Onconetix, Inc.,” effective immediately (the “Name Change”).

The Parties to the PMX Transaction

Onconetix, Inc.

Onconetix is a commercial stage biotechnology company focused on the research, development, and commercialization of innovative solutions for oncology. It owns ENTADFI, an FDA-approved, once daily pill that combines finasteride and tadalafil for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (“BPH”), a disorder of the prostate, and Proclarix, an in vitro diagnostic test for prostate cancer approved for sale in the European Union under the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (“IVDR”) and a lab developed test currently in the U.S., originally developed by Proteomedix.

Onconetix shares are listed for trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ONCO.” For more corporate and product information please visit Onconetix’s website at http://www.onconetix.com. Onconetix’s principal executive offices are located at 201 E. Fifth Street, Suite 1900, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, and its telephone number is (513) 620-4101.

Proteomedix AG (Proteomedix)

Founded in 2010, Proteomedix develops, markets and sells non-invasive diagnostic tests accompanied by decision support systems to detect and assess the prognosis of cancer. Proteomedix’s lead product, Proclarix^®, is an in vitro diagnostic test for prostate cancer. Proteomedix is working to address all stages in cancer management by developing tools for both more accurate detection and more efficient treatment of cancer including (i) diagnostic tests to early detect and define the stage of cancer; (ii) prognostic tools for the identification of patients with aggressive disease; and (iii) stratification biomarkers to match patients with therapies that are more likely to be safe and effective.

Proclarix addresses the unsolved problem of prostate cancer overdiagnosis leading to numerous negative prostate biopsies that increase costs for the healthcare system and uncertainty for patients. Proclarix is approved for sale in the European Union under the IVDR. Clinical studies have confirmed that Proclarix accurately identifies clinically significant prostate cancer through a risk score derived from a clinical decision support system and could help avoid many unneeded biopsies. Proclarix as a clinical support system is designed to aggregate multimodal information in an effort to develop a patient centric diagnostic approach. Proteomedix intends to add more information to the risk score in the future, such as other biomarkers or magnetic resonance imaging data, to provide an even more powerful tool to guide the patient’s diagnostic journey. The markers and the bioinformatics algorithm used are patent protected.

The guidelines of the European Association of Urology (“EAU”) and of the American Urological Association/Society of Urologic Oncology (“AUA/SUO”) both recommend the use of blood-based biomarker tests, such as Proclarix, to aid in the early detection and evaluation of prostate cancer. Proclarix can be performed in any laboratory using standard equipment. In Europe, Proteomedix has begun marketing Proclarix to pilot laboratories in selected markets that are open to self-pay to show initial adoption. In the United States, the development and commercialization of Proclarix is being pursued by Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, more commonly called Labcorp, pursuant to an exclusive license agreement entered into between Proteomedix and Labcorp in 2023.

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Onconetix’s Reasons for the PMX Transaction and Recommendation of the Onconetix Board

For a description of factors considered by the Onconetix Board in reaching its decision to approve the share exchange agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the PMX Transaction, and additional information on the recommendation of the Onconetix Board, see the section titled “Background of the PMX Transaction.”

The Special Meeting

The Special Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format via live, audio-only webcast on [●], 2024, beginning at [●] a.m., Eastern Time. Onconetix stockholders will be able to virtually attend and vote at the Special Meeting by visiting the Special Meeting website at www.[●].com.

The purposes of the Special Meeting are as follows:

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A quorum of Onconetix stockholders is necessary to conduct business at the Special Meeting. The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of one-third of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock entitled to vote at the Special Meeting will constitute a quorum. Virtual attendance at the Special Meeting will constitute presence in person for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Special Meeting. Abstentions will count as votes present and entitled to vote for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Special Meeting. Since the Auditor Ratification Proposal is considered a routine matter, shares held in “street name” through a broker, bank or other nominee will be counted as present for the purpose of determining the existence of a quorum if such broker, bank or other nominee does not have instructions to vote on such proposal.

Approval of the Reverse Stock Split Proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of Common Stock representing at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock entitled to vote thereon. The Series A Conversion Proposal, the PMX Issuance Proposal, the Auditor Ratification Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal require the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast by stockholders present virtually or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter at the Special Meeting.

An abstention represents a stockholder’s affirmative choice to decline to vote on a proposal. If a stockholder indicates on its proxy card that it wishes to abstain from voting its shares, or if a broker, bank or other nominee holding its customers’ shares of record causes abstentions to be recorded for shares, these shares will be considered present and entitled to vote at the annual meeting. As a result, abstentions will be counted for purposes of determining the presence or absence of a quorum and will also count as votes against a proposal in cases where approval of the proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares outstanding or present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the annual meeting.

Interests of Onconetix Directors and Executive Officers in the PMX Transaction

As of the date of this proxy statement, Onconetix directors and executive officers do not have interests in the proposals that are different from, or in addition to, the interests of other Onconetix stockholders generally, except that:

Certain Beneficial Owners of Onconetix Common Stock

At the close of business on [●], 2024, the latest practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement, Onconetix directors and executive officers and their affiliates, as a group, owned and were entitled to vote approximately [●]% of the shares of Onconetix common stock.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE PMX TRANSACTION AND RELATED FINANCING

General Description of the Share Exchange Agreement

On December 15, 2023, Onconetix entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”), by and among (i) Onconetix, (ii) Proteomedix AG, a Swiss Company (“Proteomedix”), (iii) each of the holders of outstanding capital stock or Proteomedix convertible securities (other than Proteomedix stock options) named therein (collectively, the “Sellers”) and (iv) Thomas Meier, in the capacity as the representative of Sellers in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Share Exchange Agreement (the “Sellers’ Representative”).

Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, the Sellers agreed to sell to Onconetix, and Onconetix agreed to buy, all of the Purchased Shares in exchange for newly issued shares of Common Stock, and newly issued shares of Series B Preferred Stock, as further described below.

 The consummation (the “Closing”) of the Share Exchange was subject to customary closing conditions and the execution of the Subscription Agreement (as defined below) entered into with Altos Ventures, a shareholder of Proteomedix prior to the closing of the PMX Transaction (the “PMX Investor”). The Share Exchange closed on December 15, 2023 (the “Closing Date”). 

Consideration

In full payment for the Purchased Shares, Onconetix issued shares (the “Exchange Shares”) consisting of: (i) 3,675,414 shares of Common Stock equal to approximately 19.9% of the total issued and outstanding Common Stock and (ii) 2,696,729 shares of Series B Preferred Stock convertible into 269,672,900 shares of Common Stock. The parties agreed that the aggregate value of the Exchange Shares at Closing was equal to approximately Seventy-Five Million U.S. Dollars ($75,000,000) (the “Exchange Consideration”) less the value of the Proteomedix Shares for which the Proteomedix Stock Options (as defined below) are exercisable immediately prior to the Closing, subject to adjustment for indemnification as described below. Following the Closing, 22,061,746 shares of Common Stock were issued and outstanding.

Tungsten Advisors acted as financial advisor to Proteomedix. As part of compensation for services rendered by Tungsten Advisors, $7,500,000 in Exchange Shares was issued to certain affiliates of Tungsten Advisors (the “Advisor Parties”) out of the total Exchange Consideration issued by Onconetix.

As a result of the PMX Transaction, Proteomedix became a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Onconetix. It is anticipated that, following the Conversion (as defined below) and closing of the investment pursuant to the Subscription Agreement (as defined below), Sellers will own approximately 87.2% of the outstanding equity interests of Onconetix, the PMX Investor will own approximately 7.5% of the outstanding equity interests of Onconetix, and the stockholders of Onconetix immediately prior to the Closing will own approximately 5.3% of the outstanding equity interests of Onconetix.

Each option to purchase shares of Proteomedix (each, a “Proteomedix Stock Option”) outstanding immediately before the Closing, whether vested or unvested, remains outstanding until the Conversion unless otherwise terminated in accordance with its terms. At the Conversion, each outstanding Proteomedix Stock Option, whether vested unvested, shall be assumed by Onconetix and converted into the right to receive (a) an option to acquire shares of Common Stock (each, an “Assumed Option”) or (b) such other derivative security as Onconetix and Proteomedix may agree, subject in either case to substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable to such Proteomedix Stock Option immediately before the Closing. Each Assumed Option shall: (i) represent the right to acquire a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (A) the number of Proteomedix Common Shares that were subject to the corresponding Proteomedix Option immediately prior to the Closing, multiplied by (B) the Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Share Exchange Agreement”); and (ii) have an exercise price (as rounded down to the nearest whole cent) equal to the quotient of (A) the exercise price of the corresponding Proteomedix Option, divided by (B) the Exchange Ratio.

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Series B Preferred Stock 

Subject to any requirements related to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”), upon approval by the requisite vote of stockholders of Onconetix at the Special Meeting (“Stockholder Approval”), each share of Series B Preferred Stock shall automatically convert into 100 shares of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designation (the “Conversion”). If Stockholder Approval is not obtained by January 1, 2025, Onconetix shall be obligated to cash settle the Series B Preferred Stock, as described below.

Representations and Warranties

Onconetix, Proteomedix and the Sellers have made customary representations and warranties in the Share Exchange Agreement. The representations and warranties of Onconetix and Proteomedix shall survive until the Conversion and the representations and warranties of the Sellers shall survive until the first anniversary of the Closing.

Indemnification

Until the earlier of (i) Stockholder Approval or (ii) June 30, 2024 (the “Claim Deadline”), Onconetix may assert Claims against Proteomedix and Sellers for any and all Losses incurred by Onconetix with respect to: (i) any inaccuracy in or breach of any of the representations or warranties made by Proteomedix contained in the Share Exchange Agreement or (ii) any breach or non-fulfillment of any covenant, agreement or obligation to be performed by Proteomedix pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement. Until the Claim Deadline, the Sellers’ Representative, acting on behalf of the Sellers, may assert Claims against Onconetix for any Loss incurred by the Sellers with respect to: (i) any inaccuracy in or breach of any of the representations or warranties of Onconetix contained in the Share Exchange Agreement or (ii) any breach or non-fulfillment of any covenant, agreement or obligation to be performed by Onconetix pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement.

The number of shares of Common Stock issued upon Conversion shall be increased or decreased by a number determined by dividing the Net Adjustment by the ten-day volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Common Stock for the ten (10)-day period preceding the third day prior to the Closing Date and rounding down to the nearest whole share; provided, however, that (i) there shall be no adjustment to the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon Conversion if the Net Adjustment is less than $1,000,000 and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon Conversion shall not be increased or decreased by more than 10% of the number of shares of Common Stock that would be issuable absent such adjustment. As used herein, “Net Adjustment” means the absolute value of the difference between the aggregate adjustment in favor of each party with respect to Losses that is agreed by Onconetix and the Sellers’ Representative or determined by a mutually acceptable dispute resolution firm.

From and after the Closing and until the first anniversary of the Closing, Sellers, severally and not jointly, are required to indemnify Onconetix and its affiliates and their respective representatives (collectively, the “Onconetix Indemnitees”) against (i) any inaccuracy in or breach of any of the representations or warranties of such Seller contained in the Share Exchange Agreement and (ii) breach or non-fulfillment of any covenant, agreement or obligation to be performed by such Seller pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement. Any payment due from any Seller in respect of an indemnification claim by any Onconetix Indemnitee shall solely be satisfied by recourse to the Exchange Shares and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the Conversion, with each share of Common Stock valued at the same price per share of Common Stock used to determine the Exchange Ratio.

Covenants of the Parties

Each party to the Share Exchange Agreement agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect the PMX Transaction. Onconetix agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts to, as soon as practicable, obtain from each holder of more than five percent (5%) of Onconetix’s voting stock and each director and executive officer of Onconetix, a duly executed Stockholder Support Agreement (as defined below).

The Share Exchange Agreement contains certain covenants by each of the parties, to be observed during the period between Closing and Conversion, including covenants regarding: (1) the provision of access to properties, books and personnel; (2) delivery of Onconetix’s financial statements; (3) litigation support; (4) Onconetix’s public filings; (5) no insider trading; (6) further assurances; (7) public announcements; (8) confidentiality; (9) indemnification of directors and officers and tail insurance; (10) intended tax treatment of the Share Exchange; (11) Section 16 matters and (12) transfer taxes.

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The parties agreed to take all necessary actions to cause Onconetix’s board of directors immediately after the Stockholder Approval (the Post-Stockholder Approval Onconetix Board) to consist of five directors, including: (i) two persons who are designated by Onconetix and reasonably acceptable to Proteomedix; and (ii) three persons who are designated by Proteomedix and reasonably acceptable to Onconetix.

The issuance of the Conversion Shares, amendment of Onconetix’s certificate of incorporation to authorize sufficient additional shares of Common Stock to permit the Conversion (to the extent required to consummate the PMX Transaction) and the appointment of the Post-Stockholder Approval Onconetix Board requires the approval of Onconetix’s stockholders. Onconetix agreed to prepare and file with the SEC a proxy statement (a “Proxy Statement”) for the purpose of soliciting proxies from the stockholders of Onconetix for the matters to be acted on at the special meeting of the stockholders of Onconetix. Onconetix also agreed to prepare a registration statement on Form S-1 or Form S-4 in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of the issuance of Onconetix Securities to be issued under the Share Exchange Agreement and prepare a Proxy Statement for the purpose of soliciting proxies from Onconetix stockholders for the matters to be acted upon at the Special Meeting.

Sellers, Onconetix and Proteomedix agreed to, at the election of Onconetix (which election it has determined not to exercise) or upon the request of CFIUS, submit to CFIUS a joint declaration or notice with respect to the PMX Transaction as promptly as practicable, but in no event later than sixty (60) days after the date of the Share Exchange Agreement. The parties, in cooperation with each other, agreed to use reasonable best efforts to take all such actions within their respective powers to obtain the approval of CFIUS (“CFIUS Approval”), and, without limiting the foregoing, the parties agreed to, after reasonable negotiation efforts, agree to such requirements or conditions to mitigate any national security concerns as may be requested or required by CFIUS in connection with, or as a condition of, CFIUS Approval, including entering into a mitigation agreement, letter of assurance, or national security agreement, but provided: (1) the parties shall have no obligation to (A) propose, negotiate, commit to or effect, by consent decree, hold separate order, agreement or otherwise, the sale, transfer, license, divestiture or other disposition of, any of the businesses, product lines or assets of Onconetix or any of its affiliates or of the Sellers, (B) terminate existing, or create new, relationships, contractual rights or obligations of Onconetix or its affiliates, (C) effect any other change or restructuring of Onconetix or its affiliates, or (D) otherwise take or commit to take any actions reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on the operation of the business of the Sellers or that interfere with Onconetix’s ability to control Proteomedix or Onconetix’s ability to direct the management and policies of the business of Proteomedix in any material respect; and (2) Proteomedix and the Sellers agreed not take or agree to take any of the foregoing actions without the prior written consent of Onconetix.

The parties agreed to use commercially reasonable best efforts to (i) ensure that the application for Onconetix’s change of control (“Nasdaq Change of Control Application”) is filed with The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) and (ii) to respond to any questions from Nasdaq with respect to the Nasdaq Change of Control Application promptly following receipt of such questions, but in no event later than ten (10) business days following receipt of such questions.

During the time between Closing and the Conversion, Onconetix also agreed, and agreed to cause its Subsidiaries, to conduct their respective businesses in the ordinary course of business in all material respects and agreed to covenants regarding operation of their respective businesses, including covenants related to (i) amendments to Onconetix’s organizational documents; (ii) recapitalization of Onconetix’s equity interests; (iii) issuance of additional securities; (iv) incurrence of additional indebtedness; (v) material changes to tax elections; (vi) amendments or termination of material contracts; (vii) records and books; (viii) establishment of any Subsidiary or entry into a new line of business; (ix) maintenance of insurance policies; (x) revaluation of material assets or material changes in accounting methods, principles or policies except to the extent to comply with U.S. GAAP; (xi) waiver or settlement of any claim, action or proceeding, other than waivers not in excess of $500,000; (xii) acquisition of equity interests or assets, or any other form of business combination, outside of the ordinary course of business; (xiii) capital expenditures in excess of $500,000 individually or $1,000,000 in the aggregate; (xiv) adoption of a plan of liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or other reorganization; (xv) voluntary incurrence of any liability or obligation in excess of $500,000 individually or $1,000,000 in the aggregate other than pursuant to the terms of a Contract in existence as of the date of the Share Exchange Agreement or entered into in the ordinary course of business, except in connection with a Permitted Financing; (xvi) sale, lease, license or other disposition of any material portion of Onconetix properties, assets or rights; (xvii) entry into any agreement, understanding or arrangement with respect to the voting of Common Stock, except in connection with a Permitted Financing; (xviii) taking any action that would reasonably be expected to significantly delay or impair the obtaining of any Consents of any Governmental Authority to be obtained in connection with the Share Exchange Agreement; or (xix) authorizing or agreeing to do any of the foregoing actions.

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“Permitted Financing” means one or more debt or equity financing transactions consummated by and funded into Onconetix during the time between Closing and the Conversion resulting in aggregate gross proceeds of no greater than $25 million.

Governing Law 

The Share Exchange Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of Delaware.

Terms of the Series B Preferred Stock 

The terms of the Series B Preferred Stock, as described in the Certificate of Designation, are as follows:

Voting. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock carry no voting rights except: (i) with respect to the election of the Proteomedix Director (as described below) and (ii) that the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Majority Holders”), acting as a single class, shall be necessary to (A) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series B Preferred Stock, (B) alter or amend the Certificate of Designation, or amend or repeal any provision of, or add any provision to, Onconetix’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, if such action would adversely alter or change the preferences, rights, privileges or powers of, or restrictions provided for the benefit of the Series B Preferred Stock, (C) issue further shares of Series B Preferred Stock or increase or decrease (other than by conversion) the number of authorized shares of Series B Preferred Stock, or (D) authorize or create any class or series of stock, or issue shares of any class or series of stock, that has powers, preferences or rights senior to the Series B Preferred Stock.

Proteomedix Director. The Majority Holders, voting exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect one (1) director of Onconetix. Any director elected as provided in the preceding sentence may be removed without cause by, and only by, the affirmative vote of the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock. If the holders of Series B Preferred Stock fail to elect a director, then any directorship not so filled shall remain vacant until such time as the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock elect a person to fill such directorship; and no such directorship may be filled by stockholders of Onconetix other than by the holders of Series B Preferred Stock. At any meeting held for the purpose of electing a director, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of electing such director.

Redemption. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock are not redeemable by Onconetix.

Liquidation Preference. Upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Onconetix, whether voluntary or involuntary (a “Liquidation”), the holders of Series B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive out of the assets, whether capital or surplus, of Onconetix the same amount that a holder of Common Stock would receive if such Holder’s Series B Preferred Stock were fully converted to Common Stock at the Conversion Ratio (as defined below) plus an additional amount equal to any dividends declared but unpaid to such shares, which amounts shall be paid pari passu with all holders of Common Stock.

Dividends. The holders of the Series B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, dividends on shares of Series B Preferred Stock (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis) equal to and in the same form, and in the same manner, as dividends (other than dividends on shares of the Common Stock payable in the form of Common Stock) actually paid on shares of the Common Stock when, as and if such dividends (other than dividends payable in the form of Common Stock) are paid on shares of the Common Stock.

Conversion. Following Stockholder Approval, each share of Series B Preferred Stock shall be converted into shares of Common Stock (the “Conversion Shares”) at a ratio of 100 Conversion Shares for each share of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Conversion Ratio”). All shares of Series B Preferred Stock shall automatically and without any further action required be converted into Conversion Shares at the Conversion Ratio upon the latest date on which (i) Onconetix has received the Stockholder Approval with respect to the issuance of all of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon Conversion in excess of 20% of the issued and outstanding Common Stock on the Closing Date and (ii) Onconetix has effected an increase in the number of shares of Common Stock authorized under its certificate of incorporation, to the extent required to consummate the PMX Transaction.

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Cash Settlement. If, at any time after the earlier of the date of the Stockholder Approval or January 1, 2025 (the earliest such date, the “Cash Settlement Date”), Onconetix (x) has obtained the Stockholder Approval but fails to or has failed to deliver to a holder certificate or certificates representing the Conversion Shares, or deliver documentation of book entry form of (or cause its transfer agent to electronically deliver such evidence) Conversion Shares on or prior to the fifth business day after the date of the Stockholder Approval, or (y) has failed to obtain the Stockholder Approval, Onconetix shall, in either case, at the request of the holder setting forth such holder’s request to cash settle a number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock, pay to such holder an amount in cash equal to (i) the Fair Value (as defined below) of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock set forth in such request multiplied by (ii) the Conversion Ratio in effect on the trading day on which the request is delivered to Onconetix, with such payment to be made within two (2) business days from the date of the request by the holder, whereupon, after payment in full thereon by Onconetix, Onconetix’s obligations to deliver such shares underlying the request shall be extinguished. “Fair Value” of shares shall be fixed with reference to the last reported closing stock price on the principal trading market of the Common Stock on which the Common Stock is listed as of the trading day on which the request is delivered to Onconetix.

Certain Adjustments. If Onconetix, at any time while the Series B Preferred Stock is outstanding: (A) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable in shares of Common Stock; (B) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares; or (C) combines (including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then the Conversion Ratio shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before such event (excluding any treasury shares of the Corporation). If, at any time while the Series B Preferred Stock is outstanding, either (A) Onconetix effects any merger or consolidation of Onconetix with or into another person or any stock sale to, or other business combination with or into another person (other than such a transaction in which Onconetix is the surviving or continuing entity and holds at least a majority of the Common Stock after giving effect to the transaction and its Common Stock is not exchanged for or converted into other securities, cash or property), (B) Onconetix effects any sale, lease, transfer or exclusive license of all or substantially all of its assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions, (C) any tender offer or exchange offer (whether by Onconetix or another person) is completed pursuant to which more than 50% of the Common Stock not held by Onconetix or such person is exchanged for or converted into other securities, cash or property, or (D) Onconetix effects any reclassification of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (in any such case, a “Fundamental PMX Transaction”), then, in connection with any such transaction in (A) through (D), the holders of Series B Preferred Stock shall receive in such transaction, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property that a holder of Common Stock would receive if such holder’s Series B Preferred Stock were fully converted to Common Stock, plus an additional amount equal to any dividends declared but unpaid to such shares, which amounts shall be paid pari passu with all holders of Common Stock in the Fundamental PMX Transaction (the “Alternate Consideration”). If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a transaction in (A) through (D), then the holders of Series B Preferred Stock shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives in such transaction.

Lock-Up Agreement

Simultaneously with the execution of the Share Exchange Agreement, the Sellers and the Advisor Parties, as shareholders of Proteomedix, entered into Lock-Up Agreements (each, a “Lock-Up Agreement”). Pursuant to each Lock-Up Agreement, each signatory thereto will agree not to, during the period commencing from the Closing Date and ending on the 6-month anniversary of the date of Stockholder Approval: (i) lend, offer, pledge, hypothecate, encumber, donate, assign, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, the Exchange Shares or the Conversion Shares, (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Exchange Shares or the Conversion Shares, or (iii) publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing, whether any such transaction described in clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above is to be settled by delivery of the Exchange Shares or the Conversion Shares or other securities, in cash or otherwise (subject to certain exceptions).

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Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement

Simultaneously with the execution of the Share Exchange Agreement, certain executive officers (each, a “Management Shareholder”) of Proteomedix each entered into a non-competition and non-solicitation agreement (collectively, the “Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreements”) with Onconetix. Under the Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreements, each Management Shareholder agreed not to compete with Proteomedix, and after the Closing, Onconetix, and their respective affiliates during the three-year period following the Closing and, during such three-year restricted period, not to solicit employees or customers of such entities. Each Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement also contains customary confidentiality and non-disparagement provisions.

Stockholder Support Agreement 

Simultaneously with the execution of the Share Exchange Agreement, Onconetix, Proteomedix and certain directors of Onconetix who are stockholders of Onconetix, entered into a Stockholder Support Agreement (the “Stockholder Support Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, each such stockholder of Onconetix has agreed (a) to support the adoption of the Share Exchange Agreement and the approval of the PMX Transaction, subject to certain customary conditions, and (b) not to transfer any of their subject shares (or enter into any arrangement with respect thereto), subject to certain customary conditions.

Stockholder Subscription Agreement and Debenture

In connection with the PMX Transaction, on December 15, 2023, Onconetix entered into a Subscription Agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with the PMX Investor for a private placement of $5.0 million of units (the “Units”), each Unit comprised of (i) one share of Common Stock and (ii) one pre-funded warrant (collectively, the “Warrants”) to purchase 0.3 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, for an aggregate purchase price per Unit of $0.25 (the “Purchase Price”). Additional shares are issuable to the PMX Investor to the extent the PMX Investor continues to hold Common Stock included in the Units and if the VWAP during the 270 days following closing is less than the Purchase Price, as set forth in the Subscription Agreement.

Stockholder approval is a condition to closing the PMX Financing, and the offering is expected to close following stockholder approval of the issuance of the Conversion Shares. Within 30 days after closing, Onconetix will file a resale registration statement with the SEC registering the resale of the Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Subscription Agreement and the Warrants.

On January 23, 2024, the Company issued a non-convertible debenture (the “Debenture”) to the PMX Investor in the principal sum of $5.0 million, the payment of which shall offset the Aggregate Purchase Price for the Units pursuant to the Subscription Agreement.

The Debenture has an interest rate of 4.0% per annum, and the principal and accrued interest are repayable in full upon the earlier of (i) the closing under the Subscription Agreement and (ii) June 30, 2024. Additionally, the $5.0 million subscription amount under the Subscription Agreement shall be increased by the amount of interest payable under the Debenture. As of February 12, 2024, a total of $5 million of principal was outstanding under the Debenture.

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THE PARTIES TO THE TRANSACTION

Onconetix, Inc.

Onconetix is a commercial stage biotechnology company focused on the research, development, and commercialization of innovative solutions for oncology. It owns ENTADFI, an FDA-approved, once daily pill that combines finasteride and tadalafil for the treatment of BPH, a disorder of the prostate, and Proclarix, an in vitro diagnostic test for prostate cancer approved for sale in the European Union under the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (“IVDR”) and a lab developed test currently in the U.S., originally developed by Proteomedix.

Onconetix shares are listed for trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ONCO.” For more corporate and product information please visit Onconetix’s website at http://www.onconetix.com. Onconetix’s principal executive offices are located at 201 E. Fifth Street, Suite 1900, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, and its telephone number is (513) 620-4101.

Proteomedix AG

Founded in 2010, Proteomedix develops, markets and sells non-invasive diagnostic tests accompanied by decision support systems to detect and assess the prognosis of cancer. Proteomedix’s lead product, Proclarix^®, is an in vitro diagnostic test for prostate cancer. Proteomedix is working to address all stages in cancer management by developing tools for both more accurate detection and more efficient treatment of cancer including (i) diagnostic tests to early detect and define the stage of cancer; (ii) prognostic tools for the identification of patients with aggressive disease; and (iii) stratification biomarkers to match patients with therapies that are more likely to be safe and effective.

Proclarix addresses the unsolved problem of prostate cancer overdiagnosis leading to numerous negative prostate biopsies that increase costs for the healthcare system and uncertainty for patients. Proclarix is approved for sale in the European Union under the IVDR. Clinical studies have confirmed that Proclarix accurately identifies clinically significant prostate cancer through a risk score derived from a clinical decision support system and could help avoid many unneeded biopsies. Proclarix as a clinical support system is designed to aggregate multimodal information in an effort to develop a patient centric diagnostic approach. Proteomedix intends to add more information to the score in the future, such as other biomarkers or magnetic resonance imaging data, to provide an even more powerful tool to guide the patient’s diagnostic journey. The markers and the bioinformatics algorithm used are patent protected.

The guidelines of the European Association of Urology (“EAU”) and of the American Urological Association/Society of Urologic Oncology (“AUA/SUO”) both recommend the use of blood-based biomarker tests, such as Proclarix, to aid in the early detection and evaluation of prostate cancer. Proclarix can be performed in any laboratory using standard equipment. In Europe, Proteomedix has begun marketing Proclarix to pilot laboratories in selected markets that are open to self-pay to show initial adoption. In the United States, the development and commercialization of Proclarix is being pursued by Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, more commonly called Labcorp, pursuant to an exclusive license agreement entered into between Proteomedix and Labcorp in 2023.

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE BUSINESS OF THE COMBINED COMPANY

Our Company

We are a commercial stage biotechnology company focused on the research, development, and commercialization of innovative solutions for oncology. We own ENTADFI, an FDA-approved, once daily pill that combines finasteride and tadalafil for the treatment of BPH, a disorder of the prostate, and Proclarix, an in vitro diagnostic test for prostate cancer approved for sale in the European Union under the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (“IVDR”) and a lab developed test currently in the U.S., originally developed by Proteomedix.

ENTADFI allows men to receive treatment for their symptoms of BPH without the negative sexual side effects typically seen in patients on finasteride alone. Following a recent business strategy shift towards the field of oncology and deprioritization of preclinical vaccine programs, we are building additional assets in therapeutics, diagnostics, and clinician services for oncology. ENTADFI will become the inaugural therapeutic drug in the Company’s expanding portfolio of oncology therapeutics once launched. 

Proclarix is an easy-to-use next generation protein-based blood test that can be done with the same sample as a patient’s regular Prostate-Specific Antigen (“PSA”) test. The PSA test is a well-established prostate specific marker that measures the concentration of PSA molecules in a blood sample. A high level of PSA can be a sign of prostate cancer. However, PSA levels can also be elevated for many other reasons including infections, prostate stimulation, vigorous exercise or even certain medications. PSA results can be confusing for many patients and even physicians. It is estimated over 50% of biopsies with elevated PSA are negative or clinically insignificant resulting in an overdiagnosis and overtreatment that impacts the physician’s routine, our healthcare system, and the quality of patients’ lives. Proclarix helps doctors and patients with unclear PSA test results through the use of our proprietary Proclarix Risk Score which delivers clear and immediate diagnostic support for further treatment decisions. No additional intervention is required and results are available quickly. Local diagnostic laboratories can easily add this affordable multiparametric test to their existing infrastructure.

Prior to the acquisition of ENTADFI, we managed one distinct business segment, which was research and development. Beginning in the second quarter of 2023, as a result of the acquisition of ENTADFI, for which we are working towards commercial launch, we operated in two business segments: research and development and commercial. During the third quarter of 2023, we deprioritized our vaccine discovery and development programs, and accordingly, we now operate in one segment: commercial. Our recent acquisition of Proteomedix during the fourth quarter of 2023 and its related diagnostic product Proclarix was determined to be within our commercial segment. The research and development segment was our historical business, and was dedicated to the research and development of various vaccines to prevent infectious diseases. The commercial segment was new in the second quarter of 2023 and is dedicated to the commercialization of our products approved for sale, namely ENTADFI in the U.S. and Proclarix in Europe.

Recent key developments affecting our business include:

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Since our inception in October 2018 until April 2023, when we acquired ENTADFI, we devoted substantially all of our resources to performing research and development, undertaking preclinical studies and enabling manufacturing activities in support of our product development efforts, hiring personnel, acquiring and developing our technology and now deprioritized vaccine candidates, organizing and staffing our company, performing business planning, establishing our intellectual property portfolio and raising capital to support and expand such activities.

We are currently focusing our efforts on (i) building out our commercial capabilities to launch ENTADFI in the marketplace and (ii) commercializing Proclarix.

Given ENTADFI is currently FDA-approved for sale in the United States and Proclarix is CE-marked for sale in the European Union, we expect to generate revenue from sales of ENTADFI and Proclarix in the near term. Although we anticipate these sales to offset some expenses relating to commercial scale up and development, we expect our expenses will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:

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We rely and will continue to rely on third parties for the manufacturing of ENTADFI and Proclarix. We have no internal manufacturing capabilities, and we will continue to rely on third parties, of which the main suppliers are single-source suppliers, for commercial products.

As we have a product in the commercial stage, we are seeking to build a robust and efficient commercial team to accommodate this development. This includes appropriate personnel and third-party relationships and contracts to execute our commercialization strategy. We also expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to marketing, manufacturing and distribution for those products.

We do not have any products approved for sale, aside from ENTADFI, from which we have not generated any revenue from product sales, and Proclarix, from which we have generated only minimal amounts of revenue since its acquisition. To date, we have financed our operations primarily with proceeds from our sale of preferred securities to seed investors, the IPO, the 2022 Private Placements, the proceeds received from a warrant exercise in August 2023, and the proceeds received from the issuance of debt in January 2024. We will continue to require significant additional capital to commercialize ENTADFI and Proclarix and fund operations for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, until such time as we can generate significant revenue, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through public or private equity or debt financings, third-party (including government) funding and to rely on third-party resources for marketing and distribution arrangements, as well as other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements, or any combination of these approaches, to support our operations.

We have incurred net losses since inception and expect to continue to incur net losses in the foreseeable future. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending in large part on the timing of our preclinical studies, clinical trials and manufacturing activities, our expenditures on other research and development activities and commercialization activities. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had a working capital deficit of approximately $8.1 million and an accumulated deficit of approximately $34.4 million. We will need to raise additional capital within the next 12 months to sustain operations. In addition, if Stockholder Approval is not obtained by January 1, 2025, the Company may be obligated to cash settle the Series B Preferred Stock.

Until we generate revenue sufficient to support self-sustaining cash flows, if ever, we will need to raise additional capital to fund our continued operations, including our product development and commercialization activities related to our current and future products. There can be no assurance that additional capital will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, or that we will ever generate revenue sufficient to provide self-sustaining cash flows. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The September 30, 2023 unaudited condensed financial statements of Onconetix included in this proxy statement do not include any adjustment that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our business, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when or if we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability. Additionally, even if we are able to generate revenue from ENTADFI or Proclarix, we may not become profitable. If we fail to become profitable or are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and may be forced to reduce our operations.

Management and Board Changes

Effective as of August 16, 2023, Joseph Hernandez resigned as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and a member of the Board (the “Board”) of the Company.

Effective August 16, 2023, the Board appointed Jon Garfield, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer, to serve as the Company’s interim principal executive officer. Effective as of October 4, 2023, Jon Garfield resigned as Chief Financial Officer and interim principal executive officer of the Company. The Company and Mr. Garfield entered into a separation agreement, which provided for two months of severance payment.

Effective as of September 2, 2023, Vuk Jeremic resigned as a member of the Board of the Company as well as from his positions as a member of the Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board. Mr. Jeremic’s departure was not the result of any disagreement with management or the Board on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

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On October 4, 2023, the Company appointed Dr. Neil Campbell, 63, as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and as a member of the Board.

In connection with Dr. Campbell’s appointment, the Company and Dr. Campbell entered into an employment agreement (the “Campbell Employment Agreement”), pursuant to which Dr. Campbell would serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and was paid a signing bonus of $75,000 and an annual base salary of $475,000. Pursuant to the Campbell Employment Agreement, Dr. Campbell was granted a long-term equity incentive grant in the form of an option to purchase 532,326 shares of the Company’s common stock. Such award was to vest in quarterly increments over a period of three years, subject to Dr. Campbell’s continued employment by the Company on the applicable vesting date. Dr. Campbell’s option grant has an exercise price per share equal to $0.4305, which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq on the grant date.

On October 4, 2023, the Company also appointed Bruce Harmon, 65, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, effective immediately.

In connection with Mr. Harmon’s appointment, the Company and Mr. Harmon entered into an employment agreement (the “Harmon Employment Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Harmon will serve as Chief Financial Officer of the Company and will be paid an annual base salary of $325,000. In addition, Mr. Harmon is entitled to receive, subject to employment by the Company on the applicable date of bonus payout, an annual target discretionary bonus of up to 30% of his annual base salary, payable at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board. Pursuant to the Harmon Employment Agreement, Mr. Harmon is also eligible to receive healthcare benefits as may be provided from time to time by the Company to its employees generally, and to receive paid time off annually. Pursuant to the Harmon Employment Agreement, Mr. Harmon was granted a long-term equity incentive grant in the form of an option to purchase 177,442 shares of the Company’s common stock. Such award vests in quarterly increments over a period of three years, subject to Mr. Harmon’s continued employment by the Company on the applicable vesting date. Mr. Harmon’s option grant has an exercise price per share equal to $0.4305, which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq on the grant date.

In connection with the acquisition of Proteomedix, Christian Brühlmann was appointed as Chief Strategy Officer and Dr. Ralph Schiess was appointed as Chief Science Officer. Mr. Brühlmann co-founded Proteomedix and served as its Chief Financial and Operations Officer from March 2010 until November 2018. Beginning in December 2018, Mr. Brühlmann served as Proteomedix’s Chief Business Officer. Dr. Schiess co-founded Proteomedix in March 2010 and served as its Chief Executive Officer from its inception until December 2019. Dr. Schiess then served as Proteomedix’s Chief Scientific Officer from January 2020 to May 2023. Dr. Schiess returned to his role as Chief Executive Officer in June 2023.

On and effective December 21, 2023, Erin Henderson resigned as Chief Business Officer to pursue other opportunities. On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into a Separation Agreement and General Release with Ms. Henderson, pursuant to which the Company agreed to engage The Aetos Group, a management consulting company founded and managed by Ms. Henderson (“Aetos”), to perform certain consulting services for the Company. On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement with Aetos, pursuant to which Aetos will provide consulting services to the Company until April 25, 2024, and receive a monthly fee of approximately $27,083.

On and effective January 10, 2024, Dr. Neil Campbell resigned as Chief Executive Officer, President and Director. The Company entered into a Release of Claims with Dr. Campbell, pursuant to which Dr. Campbell will receive a one-time severance payment of $158,333. On January 12, 2024, the Board appointed Dr. Ralph Schiess, the Company’s Chief Science Officer, to serve as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer. As Interim Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Schiess shall have general supervision and direction of the business and affairs of the Company. 

Recent Acquisitions

Proteomedix

See the section entitled “Description of the PMX Transaction and Related Financing” and “Description of Proteomedix’s Business.”

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ENTADFI

On April 19, 2023, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Veru (the “Veru APA”). Pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the Veru APA, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets related to Veru’s ENTADFI business and assumed certain liabilities of Veru. The Transaction closed on April 19, 2023.

The Company purchased substantially all of Veru’s assets, rights and property related to ENTADFI for a total possible consideration of $100.0 million (as described below). The acquisition of ENTADFI capitalizes on the demonstrable success of the FDA-approved drug ENTADFI for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and counteracting negative sexual side effects seen in men on alternative BPH therapies.

Pursuant to the terms of the Veru APA, the Company agreed to provide Veru with initial consideration totaling $20.0 million, consisting of (i) $6.0 million paid upon the closing of the Transaction, (ii) an additional $4.0 million in the form of a non-interest bearing note payable due on September 30, 2023, and (iii) an additional $10.0 million in the form of two equal (i.e. each for $5.0 million) non-interest bearing notes payable, each due on April 19, 2024 and September 30, 2024. On September 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) of the Veru APA. Pursuant to the Veru Amendment, the $4.0 million note payable originally due on September 30, 2023, was deemed paid and fully satisfied upon (1) the payment to Veru of $1 million in immediately available funds on September 29, 2023, and (2) the issuance to Veru by October 3, 2023 of 3,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company.

The terms of the Series A Preferred Stock are set forth in the Certificate of Designations, which was filed with the State of Delaware on September 29, 2023. Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, each share of Series A Preferred Stock will convert one year from the date of issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock into that number of shares of the Company’s common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) of $1,000 per share by the Conversion Price (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) of $0.5254 per share, subject to adjustment as provided in the Certificate of Designations, subject to certain stockholder approval limitations. The Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to share ratably in any dividends paid on the Company’s common stock (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis), has no voting rights except as to certain significant matters specified in the Certificate of Designations, and has a liquidation preference equal to the Stated Value of $1,000 per share plus any accrued but unpaid dividends thereon. The Series A Preferred Stock is redeemable in whole or in part at the Company’s option at any time. The Certificate of Designations authorized the issuance of up to 10,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

The Series A Preferred Stock issued to Seller is initially convertible, in the aggregate, into approximately 5,709,935 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to adjustment and certain stockholder approval limitations specified in the Certificate of Designations. Pursuant to the Veru Amendment, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such stockholder approval by December 31, 2023. The Company also agreed to include the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock in the next resale registration statement filed with the SEC.

Additionally, the terms of the Veru APA require the Company to pay Veru up to an additional $80.0 million based on the Company’s net sales from the ENTADFI business after closing. The Milestone Payments are payable as follows: (i) $10.0 million is payable if the Company’s annual net sales from the ENTADFI business equal or exceed $100.0 million, (ii) $20.0 million is payable if the Company’s annual net sales from the ENTADFI business equal or exceed $200.0 million, and (3) $50.0 million is payable if annual net sales from the ENTADFI business equal or exceed $500.0 million. No more than one Milestone Payment shall be made for the achievement of each net sales milestone. There can be no assurance that the net sales milestones for payment of any of the Milestone Payments will be reached.

Furthermore, in connection with the Transaction, the Company assumed royalty and milestone obligations under an asset purchase agreement for tadalafil-finasteride combination entered into by Veru and Camargo Pharmaceutical Services, LLC on December 11, 2017. The Camargo Obligations assumed by the Company include a 6% royalty on all sales of tadalafil-finasteride and sales milestone payments of up to $22.5 million as follows: (i) $5.0 million is payable upon the first time the Company achieves net sales from ENTADFI of $100.0 million during a calendar year, (ii) $7.5 million is payable upon the first time the Company achieves net sales from ENTADFI of $200.0 million during a calendar year, and (3) $10.0 million is payable upon the first time the Company achieves net sales from ENTADFI of $300.0 million during a calendar year.

WraSer

On June 13, 2023 (the “Execution Date”), the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with WraSer, LLC, a Mississippi limited liability company, Xspire Pharma, LLC, a Mississippi limited liability company (collectively, the “WraSer Seller”), and Legacy-Xspire Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the parent company of the WraSer Seller (“Parent”) (the “WraSer APA”). Pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the WraSer APA, on the WraSer Closing Date (as defined below) the Company will purchase six FDA-approved pharmaceutical assets across several indications, including cardiology, otic infections, and pain management (the “WraSer Assets”).

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Under the terms of the WraSer APA, the Company will purchase the WraSer Assets for (i) $3.5 million in cash at signing of the WraSer APA (the “Signing Cash”); (ii) $4.5 million in cash on the later of (x) 90 days after the signing of the WraSer APA or (y) the date that all closing conditions under the WraSer APA are met or otherwise waived (the “WraSer Closing Date”); (iii) 1.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Closing Shares”) issuable on the WraSer Closing Date, and (iv) $500,000 in cash one year from the WraSer Closing Date. The closing of the transaction is subject to certain customary closing conditions and the delivery to the Company of financial statements of WraSer Seller and Parent for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 audited by a qualified auditor reasonably acceptable to the Company.

Within 90 days of the WraSer Closing Date, the Company will use its best efforts to file with the SEC, (at its sole cost and expense,) a registration statement to register on Form S-3 registering under the Securities Act, the resale of the Closing Shares and will use its best efforts to have the registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after filing.

In conjunction with the WraSer APA, the Company and the WraSer Seller entered into a Management Services Agreement (the “MSA”) on the Execution Date. Pursuant to the terms of the MSA, the Company was to act as the manager of the WraSer Seller’s business during the period between the Execution Date and WraSer Closing Date. During this period, the Company was to make advances to WraSer, if needed to sustain operations. The Company’s involvement as manager of the WraSer Seller’s business ended when WraSer filed for relief under chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the Bankruptcy Court (see below). If, on the WraSer Closing Date, the WraSer Seller’s cash balance is in excess of the target amount specified in the MSA of $1.1 million (the “Cash Target”), the Company was to apply that excess to the $4.5 million cash payment due upon closing. Conversely, if there is a shortfall, the Company would have been required to remit the difference to the WraSer Seller over time. Specifically, as the Company collected accounts receivable generated after the WraSer Closing Date, the Company would have been required to remit 50% of the collections to the WraSer Seller until the shortfall is paid in full. The MSA terminates on the WraSer Closing Date.

The WraSer APA can be terminated prior to closing as follows (i) upon agreement with all parties; (ii) upon breach of contract of either party, uncured within 20 days of notice. If the WraSer APA is terminated upon agreement with all parties or upon uncured breach of contract by the WraSer Seller, the initial $3.5 million payment is retained by the WraSer Sellers. If it is determined that there is an uncured breach of contract by the WraSer Seller, and the WraSer APA is terminated, the Company will have an unsecured claim against WraSer for the $3.5 million payment made by the Company upon execution of the WraSer APA. The closing of the Transaction is subject to various closing conditions, including submission of the FDA transfer documentation to transfer ownership of the acquired product regulatory approvals to the Company.

On September 26, 2023, WraSer and its affiliates filed for relief under chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the Bankruptcy Court. 

On October 4, 2023, the parties agreed to amend the WraSer APA. Shortly after its bankruptcy filing, WraSer filed a motion seeking approval of the WraSer APA as amended. The amendment, among other things, eliminates the $500,000 post-closing payment due June 13, 2024 and staggers the $4.5 million cash payment that the Company would otherwise have to pay at closing to: (i) $2.2 million to be paid at closing, (ii) $2.3 million, to be paid in monthly installments of $150,000 commencing January 2024 (the “Post-Closing Payment”) and (iii) 789 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to be paid at closing. The amendment also reduced the number of products we were acquiring by excluding pain medications and including only (i) Ciprofloxacin 0.3% and Fluocinolone 0.025% Otic Solution, under the trademark OTOVEL and its Authorized Generic Version approved under US FDA NDA No. 208251, (ii) Ciprofloxacin 0.2% Otic solution, under the trademark CETRAXAL, and (iii) Vorapaxar Sulfate tablets under the trademark Zontivity approved under US FDA NDA N204886.

In October 2023, WraSer alerted us that its sole manufacturer for the active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) for Zontivity, the key driver for the WraSer acquisition, would no longer manufacture the API for Zontivity. We believe that this development constituted a Material Adverse Effect under the APA enabling us to terminate the APA and MSA. On October 20, 2023, we filed a motion for relief from the automatic stay in the Bankruptcy Court to exercise our termination rights under the WraSer APA, as amended. On December 18, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered an Agreed Order lifting the automatic stay to enable us to exercise our rights to terminate the APA and the MSA without prejudice to the parties’ respective rights, remedies, claims and defenses they had against one another under the APA and MSA. On December 21, 2023, we filed a Notice with the Bankruptcy Court terminating the APA and MSA. WraSer has advised us that it does not believe that a Material Adverse Event occurred. Due to the WraSer bankruptcy filing and our status as an unsecured creditor of WraSer, it is also unlikely that we will recover the $3.5 million Signing Cash or any costs and resources in connection with services provided by the Company under the WraSer MSA.

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Agreement with Cardinal Health

On September 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Exclusive Distribution Agreement (the “Exclusive Distribution Agreement”), effective as of September 20, 2023 (the “Effective Date”), with Cardinal Health 105, LLC (“Cardinal Health”). Pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the Exclusive Distribution Agreement, the Company engaged Cardinal Health as its exclusive third-party logistics distribution agent for sales of all of the Company’s commercial assets. The term of the Distribution Agreement is three years from the Effective Date and automatically renews for additional terms of one year each unless terminated pursuant to the terms of the Exclusive Distribution Agreement. Under the terms of the Exclusive Distribution Agreement, the Company must pay to Cardinal Health a one-time start-up fee of $15,500, and upon launch of ENTADFI, a monthly account management fee of $7,000, and other fees for various services, including post-launch program implementation, information systems, warehouse operations, and financial services.

Corporate Name Change and Amendment to Bylaws

On April 21, 2023, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Delaware to change its corporate name from “Blue Water Vaccines, Inc.” to “Blue Water Biotech, Inc.”. The name change was effective as of April 21, 2023. In connection with the name change, the Company amended the Company’s bylaws to reflect the corporate name Blue Water Biotech, Inc., also effective on April 21, 2023.

On December 15, 2023, the Company filed an amendment to its certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of Delaware to change its corporate name from “Blue Water Biotech, Inc.” to “Onconetix, Inc.”

In connection with the name change, the Company also amended the Company’s bylaws to reflect the new corporate name.

On May 31, 2023, the Board amended the Company’s bylaws to reduce the quorum requirement at meetings of the Company’s stockholders from a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Company entitled to vote, to one-third of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock of the Company entitled to vote, effective immediately. No other changes were made to the bylaws.

Warrant Inducement 

On July 31, 2023, the Company entered into a common stock preferred investment options exercise inducement offer letter (the “Inducement Letter”) with a certain holder (the “Holder”) of existing preferred investment options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at the original exercise price of $2.546 per share, issued on August 11, 2022 (the “Existing PIOs”). Pursuant to the Inducement Letter, the Holder agreed to exercise for cash its Existing PIOs to purchase an aggregate of 2,486,214 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a reduced exercise price of $1.09 per share, in exchange for the Company’s agreement to issue new preferred investment options (“Inducement PIOs”) to purchase up to 4,972,428 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Inducement PIOs have substantially the same terms as the Existing PIOs, except that the Inducement PIOs have an exercise price of $1.09 per share and a term of five (5) years from the date of issuance. On August 2, 2023, the transaction (the “Warrant Inducement”) closed. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $2.3 million from the Warrant Inducement, after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

The Company engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC (“Wainwright”) to act as its placement agent in connection with the Warrant Inducement and paid Wainwright a cash fee equal to 7.5% of the gross proceeds received from the exercise of the Existing PIOs as well as a management fee equal to 1.0% of the gross proceeds from the exercise of the Existing PIOs. The Company also agreed to reimburse Wainwright for its expenses in connection with the exercise of the Existing PIOs and the issuance of the Inducement PIOs, $50,000 for fees and expenses of legal counsel and other out-of-pocket expenses and agreed to pay Wainwright for non-accountable expenses in the amount of $35,000 and a clearing fee of $15,950. In addition, the exercise for cash of the Existing PIOs triggered the issuance to Wainwright or its designees of warrants to purchase 149,173 shares of common stock, which have the same terms as the Inducement PIOs except for an exercise price equal to $1.3625 per share. The Company also agreed to pay Wainwright a cash fee of 7.5% of any gross proceeds that the Company may receive from the exercise for cash of the Inducement PIOs and issue warrants to Wainwright or its designees upon any exercise for cash of the Inducement PIOs, that number of shares of common stock equal to 6.0% of the aggregate number of such shares of common stock underlying any Inducement PIOs that have been exercised, also with an exercise price of $1.3625. The maximum cash payable under this provision is $406,496 and the maximum number of warrants issuable under this provision is 298,346.

Nasdaq Compliance

On September 18, 2023, we received notice from Nasdaq staff indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of the Common Stock for the prior 30 consecutive business days, we were not in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for continued listing on Nasdaq, as set forth in the Bid Price Rule. We have 180 days from September 18, 2023, or through March 16, 2024, to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule.

On August 22, 2023, we received a notice from Nasdaq that we were not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1), which requires listed companies to timely file all required periodic financial reports with the SEC, given our failure to timely file our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. On October 20, 2023, we filed our Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023, and on November 1, 2023, we announced that we had regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1).

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DESCRIPTION OF PROTEOMEDIX’S BUSINESS

Overview

Founded in 2010, Proteomedix develops, markets and sells non-invasive diagnostic tests accompanied by decision support systems to detect and assess the prognosis of cancer. Proteomedix’s lead product, Proclarix^®, is an in vitro diagnostic test for prostate cancer. Proteomedix is working to address all stages in cancer management by developing tools for both more accurate detection and more efficient treatment of cancer including (i) diagnostic tests to early detect and define the stage of cancer; (ii) prognostic tools for the identification of patients with aggressive disease; and (iii) stratification biomarkers to match patients with therapies that are more likely to be safe and effective.

Currently, prostate cancer stands as the most prevalent and second most fatal cancer type affecting men. The widespread utilization of prostate-specific antigen (“PSA”) screening since it began broadly available in the 1980s helped reduce the occurrence of metastatic prostate cancers by over half, but also led to a notable increase in overdiagnosis, sometimes resulting in excessive treatment, severe complications, and potential psychological distress. Worldwide, approximately 100 million PSA tests for prostate cancer diagnosis are conducted annually, with around 10% yielding heightened PSA readings in a so-called diagnostic “grey zone” where the results of the PSA test are inconclusive. Consequently, there exists a considerable population of men each year who are notified of their heightened risk for prostate cancer based on elevated PSA levels, with limited options beyond invasive needle biopsies for managing their cancer risk.

Proclarix addresses the unsolved problem of prostate cancer overdiagnosis leading to negative prostate biopsies that increase costs for the healthcare system and uncertainty for patients. Proclarix is approved for sale in the European Union under the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (“IVDR”). Clinical studies have confirmed that Proclarix accurately identifies clinically significant prostate cancer through a risk score derived from a clinical decision support system and could help avoid many unneeded biopsies. Proclarix as a clinical support system is designed to aggregate multimodal information in an effort to develop a patient centric diagnostic approach. We intend to add more information to the risk score in the future, such as other biomarkers or magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) data, to provide an even more powerful tool to guide the patient’s diagnostic journey. The markers and the bioinformatics algorithm used are patent protected.

The guidelines of the European Association of Urology (“EAU”) and of the American Urological Association/Society of Urologic Oncology (“AUA/SUO”) both recommend the use of blood-based biomarker tests, such as Proclarix, to aid in the early detection and evaluation of prostate cancer. Proclarix can be performed in any laboratory using standard equipment. In Europe, Proteomedix has begun marketing Proclarix to pilot laboratories in selected markets that are open to self-pay to show initial adoption. In the United States, the development and commercialization of Proclarix is being pursued by Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, more commonly called Labcorp, pursuant to an exclusive license agreement entered into between Proteomedix and Labcorp in 2023.

Technology and Intellectual Property

Proteomedix’s biomarkers were discovered using a genetics-guided discovery approach focusing on the PI3K/PTEN cancer pathway that plays a dominant role in prostate cancer development. Applying proteomics technology to a disease-relevant mouse model allowed the identification of proteins specifically linked to the molecular cause of prostate cancer. The biomarkers and the bioinformatics algorithm used in Proclarix are protected by issued and pending patents in Europe, the United States and other countries.

Team

Proteomedix was founded by a multi-disciplinary group of scientists and clinicians that include Prof. emeritus Dr. med. Thomas Cerny, president of the Swiss Cancer Research Foundation, Prof. Ruedi Aebersold, a pioneer in proteomics technology development, and the late Prof. Wilhelm Krek, a leader in cancer research. The company’s management consists of Dr. Ralph Schiess (Chief Executive Officer), who developed the biomarker technology, and Christian Brühlmann (Chief Business Officer), with seasoned experience in finance, business development and product management.

Market Potential and Competitive Advantages

The PSA test represents the current standard of care in prostate cancer diagnosis. It accurately identifies individuals with no sign of disease. Approximately 10% of all men have elevated PSA levels, commonly referred to as the diagnostic “grey zone”, of which only 20-40% present clinically with cancer. Proclarix is intended for use in diagnosing these patients where it is difficult to decide if a biopsy is necessary to verify a potential clinically significant cancer diagnosis. The high unmet need for improved patient stratification or diagnostic triage in this segment is addressed only by a few tests. Compared to those tests Proclarix has important competitive advantages: (i) it shows superior clinical performance, (ii) it is blood-based and therefore minimally invasive and (iii) it is highly reproducible in comparison to e.g., urine-based tests. The use of Proclarix does not require prior prostate massage. Samples are stable and can be shipped at ambient temperature. Proclarix has a high accuracy and negative predictive value (NPV) and is easy to automate on equipment readily available as well as adaptable to current laboratory practice and thus clinical routine.

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Commercialization Strategy

Proteomedix has started marketing Proclarix to pilot laboratories in selected markets in Europe that are open to self-pay to show initial adoption, while pursuing reimbursement from public and private payors in key European markets to secure broad adoption in the longer term. The market introduction of Proclarix has followed a two-phased approach: first a market preparation phase in which we reach out to key opinion leaders in selected European countries to solicit their support for Proclarix, followed by a market development phase where we begin commercializing Proclarix in those markets with focused marketing and sales activities to urologists and general practitioners. We intend to secure access to testing through partnerships with reference diagnostic labs. We have initiated outreach to commercial laboratories and hospital laboratories that are routinely serving study sites and academic collaboration partners, and have established pilots with laboratories in Switzerland, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom.

In the United States, Proteomedix entered into an exclusive partnership with Labcorp in 2023 pursuant to which Labcorp has the exclusive right to develop and commercialize Proclarix, and other products developed by Labcorp using Proteomedix’s intellectual property covered by the license, in the United States for identification, screening, staging, predisposition, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, prevention or treatment selection with respect to prostate cancer. In consideration for granting Labcorp an exclusive license, Proteomedix received an upfront license fee and is entitled to royalty and milestone payments based upon sales of licensed products in the United States. Labcorp is wholly responsible for the cost of research, development and commercialization of licensed products in the United States but has the right to offset a portion of those costs against future royalty and milestone payments otherwise due to Proteomedix.

Market Opportunity

The worldwide market for in vitro diagnostic (“IVD”) products was valued at $117.8 billion in 2022. Europe and North America are the largest markets, followed by Asia, mainly Japan and China, according to MarketsandMarkets.

Proclarix, the first diagnostic product of Proteomedix, is addressing unmet medical needs related to prostate cancer, which is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases and more than 395,000 deaths worldwide in 2020, according to World Cancer Research Fund International. Worldwide, approximately 150 million PSA tests are carried out per year of which around two-thirds are used for prostate cancer diagnosis in a screening setting mostly ordered by general practitioners. Approximately 8.5 million patients fall in the diagnostic grey zone. The target application of Proclarix is to re-measure samples in this diagnostic grey zone.

About two-thirds of prostate cancer diagnoses occur in countries ranking very high in the Human Development Index, where only 18% of the world’s male population resides, according to the American Cancer Society. This underscores a significant market demand for improved diagnostic tools, especially in regions with robust healthcare infrastructure where early detection and treatment are paramount. Our innovative test aims to meet this demand by offering enhanced accuracy, accessibility, and efficiency, positioning it as a valuable asset in the fight against prostate cancer while also presenting lucrative commercial opportunities for stakeholders. Figure 1 lists the market potential for the different regions.

Figure 1: Overview of Global Market Potential.

Currently, standard prostate cancer screening combines a digital rectal exam (“DRE”) with the measurement of PSA. PSA is not a highly cancer specific marker, meaning it picks up many benign conditions of raised PSA levels in the blood - such as clinically not significant enlargement of the prostate or inflammation. The consequences are prostate cancer overdiagnosis, leading to unnecessary prostate biopsies. It is currently estimated that more than 60% of men that undergo a biopsy have no clinically significant prostate cancer, but due to the biopsy become exposed to potential side effects such as infections, bleeding and incontinence.

The use of MRI for the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been rapidly adopted during the last decade. There is clinical evidence that MRI allows clinicians to verify diagnosis and improve localization, risk stratification and staging of clinically significant prostate cancer over other methods. MRI-guided biopsy has a higher accuracy than ultrasound-guided biopsy. However, MRI-based diagnosis of prostate cancer is hampered by the relatively high costs of US$415 – US$900 and limited availability. Still, up to one-third of MRIs are inconclusive. Thus, there is a clear need for an improved non-invasive diagnostic test with higher specificity for clinically significant prostate cancer to aid in selecting patients undergoing MRI, MRI-guided biopsy, and biopsy.

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Proper classification in clinically significant cancer and non-significant type or non-cancer conditions such as benign prostate hyperplasia is important to prevent overtreatment and its associated side-effects and costs. Proteomedix is developing diagnostic tools for disease prognosis and monitoring that are essential for reliable, patient-friendly and cost-effective disease management. Proteomedix’s biomarkers have shown the potential to distinguish between those prostate cancer patients who are more likely to respond to certain drug-based interventions. With this information, better choices for drug therapies can be made to maximize the likelihood of efficacious treatment. Proteomedix’s biomarkers could also aid in clinical drug development.

Our Product Strategy

Business Model

Proteomedix develops novel diagnostic tests in a highly regulated field. The company’s core competencies include the development of high-quality immunoassays and management of regulatory affairs. The company’s expertise in immunoassay development is the result of a highly specialized workforce that, together with an external software development company, developed the proprietary software integrated in the company’s lead IVD product, Proclarix. The company’s personnel also have extensive experience in implementing and maintaining a state-of-the-art quality management system to comply with regulatory requirements, including performing clinical studies and managing key opinion leaders (“KOLs”). The company’s experience and expertise in these fields was obtained by hiring experienced personnel as well as through key advisors.

Proteomedix will initially focus on marketing (especially medical marketing towards physicians) and direct sales to laboratories in selected countries. Once the geographical focus is expanded to additional countries, sales will be through a specialized distributor, but Proteomedix will still provide medical marketing and technical customer support to laboratories that offer the testing service to physicians. Production capabilities will initially not be built up in-house because this requires substantial investments in production equipment. Instead, manufacturing is outsourced to a contract manufacturing organization (“CMO”) in Germany. All of the key reagents used in the company’s IVD kits (i.e., antigens and antibodies) are proprietary and owned exclusively by Proteomedix. These reagents are produced by an independent supplier in Germany and shipped to the CMO for manufacturing of the IVD kits.

Products and Pipeline

Proteomedix is seeking to develop diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tools to enable more efficient cancer management at all stages of disease progression. Proteomedix’s tests use proprietary protein biomarkers to address the limitations in current cancer detection, prognosis, and therapy prediction. In addition, Decision Support Systems support the clinical decision-making by integrating different inputs in a risk score (see Figure 2).

Figure 2: Product Pipeline

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Proclarix

Clinical Decision Support to Reduce Prostate Cancer Overdiagnosis

Proclarix is used to indicate the risk of clinically significant prostate cancer through a risk score derived from a clinical decision support system (Figure 3). On the reagent side it is comprised of two quantitative Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (“ELISA”) that measure the concentration of thrombospondin 1 (“THBS1”) and cathepsin D (“CTSD”) in human serum. The clinical decision support system is a web-based software running a proprietary algorithm that integrates the values for THBS1 and CTSD, the patient’s age and total and free PSA levels from third party providers (e.g., Roche Diagnostics, Siemens Healthineers) to calculate a risk score. 

Figure 3: Proclarix: Assays and software algorithm for risk score calculation.

Proclarix is used as an aid in prostate cancer diagnosis as a second-line test after PSA and DRE testing. It enables a personalized decision for each patient based on objective risk parameters (4 serum glycoproteins + age) to triage between biopsy or a monitoring approach. Proclarix has been validated and approved for use in men with elevated total PSA (2.0 to 10.0 ng/mL), a normal DRE not suspicious for cancer and an elevated prostate volume (≥35 mL) (Figure 4). The Proclarix decision support tool returns a risk score that can be used as an aid in discriminating between clinically significant (grade group 2 or higher [GG2+]) and insignificant prostate cancer or benign prostate disease. The risk score of Proclarix gives the physician and patient actionable information to confidently make decisions when considering the necessity of a prostate biopsy which is required for diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Figure 4: Proclarix: Finding clinically significant prostate cancer in the diagnostic “grey zone.”

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Clinical Studies

Proteomedix’s biomarkers have been tested in clinical studies including a total of more than 2,000 patient samples from multiple clinical sites, and results have been published in peer-reviewed journals. We believe these results demonstrate that Proclarix is a valuable test identifying clinically significant prostate cancer thereby facilitating informed decision making for patients considering a prostate biopsy.

Validation Study. The study leading to the granting of regulatory approval in Europe included 955 samples collected at two clinical sites, a screening center in Innsbruck, Austria, as well as a referral center in Hamburg, Germany. The results of this study demonstrated that by using the Proclarix test the burden of unneeded biopsies could have been lowered by approximately 43% — twice as much compared to clinical comparators percent free PSA (“%fPSA”) or PSA density. High sensitivity of 90% and a negative predictive value of 95% for clinically significant prostate cancer indicated that the diagnosis of very few cancers would have been delayed.

PROPOSe Study. The PROPOSe study evaluated the accuracy of Proclarix in prostate biopsy decision making. Ten clinical sites in Germany, Denmark and Austria prospectively enrolled 457 men presenting for prostate biopsy. Proclarix detected clinically significant cancer with high sensitivity above 90% and reliably ruled out patients with no or indolent cancer with a negative predictive value greater than 90%. When the biopsy performed was guided by MRI, both sensitivity (97%) and negative predictive value (96%) were even higher. Importantly, Proclarix was significantly superior to the current clinical standard, %fPSA, in ruling out unneeded biopsies (22% vs. 14%) and the primary study endpoint was met (p-value < 0.005).

Naples Study. A two-center study evaluated Proclarix and the Prostate Health Index (phi) test from Beckman Coulter, Inc. for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer in a total of 344 men. Both Proclarix and the phi test accurately predicted clinically significant cancer. When using predefined cut-offs recommended by the manufacturers, Proclarix (cut-off 10) outperformed phi (cut-off 27) in terms of specificity and positive predictive value (p < 0.002) at similar sensitivities.

Clinical evaluation of Proclarix. Results of multiple clinical evaluations using Proclarix together with MRI for prostate cancer diagnosis showed that Proclarix can be used in a broad range of patients without the need for prostate volume restriction. The aim of one such evaluation was the assessment of the diagnostic performance of Proclarix in combination with MRI. Blood samples from 721 men undergoing MRI followed by biopsy at two clinical centers were analyzed. The combined Proclarix-MRI score’s specificity (68%) was significantly (p<0.001) better compared to Proclarix (27%) or MRI (28%) alone for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer. Importantly, Proclarix by itself was found to be useful in men with indetermined imaging results by outperforming PSA density in terms of specificity (25% vs 13%, p=0.004) at 100% sensitivity. In another evaluation of a study of 517 men with suspected prostate cancer, Proclarix performed well in accurately diagnosing prostate cancer in the overall study population and in a subset of men with elevated PSA 2 to 10 ng/mL, prostate volume ≥35 mL, and normal DRE (n=281). In addition, a sub-analysis of was performed specifically analyzing 169 men with an indeterminate MRI result and Proclarix was more accurate in selecting appropriate candidates for prostate biopsy when compared to PSA density and online risk calculators. A third evaluation describes which patients with suspected prostate cancer can benefit from Proclarix after MRI and concluded that Proclarix outperformed PSA density in the selection of candidates for prostate biopsy, especially in men with PI-RADS 1-3. In these studies, Proclarix proved to be effective before, after and together with MRI assessment to identify men at risk of clinically significant prostate cancer and those who can safely avoid biopsy. Proclarix in combination with MRI reliably predicted clinically significant prostate cancer and ruled out men with no or indolent cancer.

Clinical Guidelines

Guidelines assist clinicians in making informed treatment decisions, taking into account the available scientific data. To reduce the number of negative biopsies in asymptomatic men with a PSA level between 3–10 ng/mL and a normal DRE, the EAU guidelines recommend using an online risk-calculator that is correctly calibrated to the population prevalence, MRI of the prostate or an additional biomarker test such as Proclarix. The EAU guidelines specifically state that Proclarix has been correlated with the detection of significant prostate cancer, notably in case of equivocal MRI results.

Proclarix was also included in the 2023 AUA/SUO clinical practice guideline. The AUA/SUO guideline covers recommendations on the early detection of prostate cancer and provides a framework to facilitate clinical decision-making in the implementation of prostate cancer screening, biopsy, and follow-up. The AUA/SUO guideline concludes that the evaluation of prostate cancer risk should be focused on the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (GG2+). The AUA/SUO guidelines advice that use of laboratory biomarkers such as Proclarix, prostate MRI, and biopsy techniques may improve detection and safety when a prostate biopsy is deemed necessary following prostate cancer screening.

The inclusion of Proclarix in the European and U.S. guidelines is an important recognition of the clinical value of Proclarix. It serves as a validation for the clinical utility and importance of using Proclarix in the detection of prostate cancer and we believe it will lead to broader acceptance of Proclarix and accelerate payor adoption.

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Research and Development and Pipeline Products

Prosgard

Prosgard as a clinical support system is designed to aggregate multimodal information in an effort to develop a patient centric diagnostic approach. The vision for Prosgard is to add more information to the existing Proclarix risk score in the future such as other biomarkers, clinical information or MRI imaging data to provide an even more powerful tool to guide the patient’s diagnostic journey.

Prognosis (Px)

A subset of Proteomedix’s protein biomarkers also correlate with prostate cancer prognosis. Radical prostatectomy provides excellent cancer control of clinically localized prostate cancer. However, approximately 30% of surgically treated men will experience cancer recurrence within 10 years of surgery. Several clinical parameters and the combination thereof (e.g., the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (“CAPRA”) score) have been shown to be reliable predictors of treatment failure. Still, there is a compelling need to identify novel markers that are specifically linked to the presence of biologically aggressive prostate cancer for improved prediction of outcome in populations with moderately elevated PSA levels.

A novel serum biomarker quintet that improves disease prognosis in men with confirmed prostate cancer

A clinical evaluation of a multivariable model comprising fibronectin 1, galectin-3-binding protein, lumican, matrix metalloprotease 9, thrombospondin-1 and PSA together with clinical Grade Group (GG) and clinical stage (cT) was created was performed. The prognostic utility of the proposed marker combination was assessed in serum samples from 557 men with confirmed localized prostate cancer. The analysis showed that the proposed model had a better prediction for disease progression and thus prostate cancer aggressiveness compared to the “CAPRA” score. This novel biomarker test has the potential to improve prostate cancer patient management by indicating who needs active treatment. In contrast to the existing biomarker tests from competitors that all need tissue specimens, the test is non-invasive and can be directly measured in patients’ blood samples.

Prediction (Rx)

Proteomedix’s protein biomarkers further have the potential to predict the response of patients treated with drugs that inhibit the PI3K signaling pathway. Proteomedix analyzed the blood of patients participating in a Phase II trial (SAKK 08/08). The patients were treated with Novartis AG’s Everolimus, a drug inhibiting the PI3K pathway signaling by blocking mTOR. A subset of 8 serum biomarkers could individually predict reaching the primary endpoint (progression free survival at 12 weeks) with an accuracy of at least 75%. Early discussions with pharma partners on the potential use of such markers in personalized medicine studies are ongoing.

Decision Support Systems

Recent initiatives are incorporating as well as interpreting clinical information from various sources (e.g., biomarker information and other patient data) enabling physicians to have more comprehensive biochemical insight into each patient’s disease in order to determine the optimal treatment plan for the patient. Collating multiple data sources in clinical workflows allows precision-medicine resulting in cost-effective diagnostics and therapies. Proclarix already consists of a decision support system integrating different values in a risk score. In the future, additional clinical information like the results of an MRI scan can be integrated in the report to provide a complete picture of the diagnostic situation of the patient to enable effective patient management.

Product Quality and Safety

Proteomedix’s quality management system is ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 13485:2016 certified for the “Design and development, production and distribution of in-vitro diagnostic reagents and stand-alone software for prostate cancer management”. Proteomedix is annually audited by TÜV SÜD Product Service GmbH, an internationally recognized notified body headquartered in Germany. ISO certification is a prerequisite for obtaining CE-mark, the regulatory clearance requirement for market access, recognized by the European Commission (“EC”) in the IVDR. Under the IVDR, diagnostic products are categorized under a new system of one of four classifications from class A (low risk) to class D (highest risk). Proclarix, as class C device, was assessed by TÜV SÜD for conformity resulting in IVDR certification. The certification of Proclarix under the new IVDR demonstrates compliance to the highest quality standard currently in force for tests used in screening, diagnosis, or staging of cancer. Proteomedix is marketing Proclarix as one of the first IVDR compliant cancer tests demonstrating the commitment to highest analytical and clinical performance.

Intellectual Property

Technology

Cancer arises from different genetic mutations that can be linked to specific signaling pathways often referred to as cancer pathways. Depending on what pathway is affected in a patient, results in different cancer subtypes that are more or less aggressive and further determines if a patient responds to a certain drug treatment or not.

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Proteomedix’s biomarkers were discovered by a group of researchers at ETH Zurich using a genetics-guided discovery approach focusing on the PI3K/PTEN cancer pathway that plays a dominant role in prostate cancer development. Using a mouse model and mass-spectrometry based proteomics technology including a glycoprotein enrichment technology led to the identification of proteins directly linked to the molecular cause of cancer and therefore correlating to the disease status in the prostate. Different serum glycoproteins were combined to form multiplexed biomarker signatures predictive for tissue PI3K/PTEN status as well as diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer (Figure 5). The genetic-guided proteomics approach enabled the fast discovery and validation of several biomarkers which in different combinations correspond to diagnosis, prognosis and potentially to therapy response.

Figure 5: Proteomics approach to improve prostate cancer disease management.

The biomarker assays were transferred from a mass spectrometry-based to an immunoassay-based platform. Immunoassay-based measurement offers several advantages compared to other analytical methods. In general, immunoassays provide a rapid, sensitive, reproducible, cost effective and easily manageable analysis. The reagents used are stable and the method is established in routine diagnostic laboratories guaranteeing broad compatibility of Proteomedix’s tests on established automated clinical platforms and thus rapid adoption rates and platform flexibility of the diagnostic tests. The deep knowledge in selecting novel biomarkers, assay development and clinical development enabled Proteomedix to enable several R&D partnerships.

In 2021, Proteomedix entered into a research and development partnership with New Horizon Health Limited, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. The partnership builds on complimentary platform and biomarker developments with utility in cancer patient management.

In 2022, Immunovia AB (Sweden) partnered with Proteomedix to leverage Proteomedix’s research and development capabilities and advances their research and development efforts. With this partnership, Immunovia gained a more flexible research and development organization, increased its research and development productivity, and refocused internal resources on commercial build up, thus further accelerating the roll-out of their proprietary IMMray^TM PanCan-d test. The partnership capitalizes on the combined expertise of two leading innovators in proteomics-based diagnostics, who have both launched innovative oncology tests, Immunovia with IMMray^TM PanCan-d in the U.S. and Proteomedix with Proclarix® in Europe.

Patents

Proteomedix has exclusively licensed worldwide rights to one patent family from ETH Zurich and the State Hospital of St. Gallen, which describes and protects the use of the proprietary biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring prostate cancer. The parent international patent application WO 2009138392 A1 was filed on May 14, 2008 (priority date) and was granted in China (CN201027373B), Europe (EP2281201B1), Japan (JP6025607B) and the United States (US10151755B2/ US9377463B2).

Proteomedix has also obtained a non-exclusive license from ETH Zurich for certain patents pertaining to specific enrichment of glycoproteins, including EP1514107, that ETH Zurich licensed from the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB), Seattle. The license enables Proteomedix to use the glycoprotein technology for the development of new diagnostic products.

In addition, a new patent covering the latest development and clinical results was filed by Proteomedix on July 15, 2016. The patent covers the specific test format and algorithm contained in Proteomedix’s first product (Proclarix) for the improved diagnosis of prostate cancer. An international application (WO2018011212A1) was filed and the patent was granted in Europe (EP3270163B1), Japan (JP6979712B2), South Korea (KR102408276B1), Australia (AU2017294979B2), United States (US11320435B2) and China (CN109477836B) with the application still pending in Canada (CA3028874A1).

A patent application describing a method combining Proclarix and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose prostate cancer was filed by Proteomedix on June 29, 2021. The patent was originally filed in Switzerland and subsequently as PCT application (WO2023274742A1) and as national applications in the United States and China.

A patent application describing a method measuring a blood-based protein combination with prognostic utility in prostate cancer patients was filed by Proteomedix on June 29, 2021. The patent was originally filed in Switzerland followed by an international application (WO2018011212A1). National applications were filed in Europe, United States and China.

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Trademarks

The brand “Proteomedix” was filed on June 4, 2010, and registered under no. 602190 in Switzerland on June 22, 2010. This application served as the basis for the international trademark application. The product name “Proclarix” was filed on July 1, 2019, and registered under no. 733974 in Switzerland on July 22, 2019. This application served as the basis for the international trademark application. The product name “Prosgard” was filed on July 1, 2019, and registered under no. 733975 in Switzerland on July 22, 2019.

Competition

The molecular diagnostics field is intensely competitive and characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions, changing customer preferences, emerging competition, evolving industry standards, reimbursement uncertainty and price competition. Moreover, recent consolidation in the industry permits larger clinical laboratory service providers to increase cost efficiencies and service levels, resulting in more intense competition.

Proclarix Competition Analysis

The market for assessing men at risk for prostate cancer is large, with many competitors some of which possess substantially greater financial, selling, logistical and laboratory resources, more experience in dealing with third-party payors, and greater market penetration, purchasing power and marketing budgets, as well as more experience in providing diagnostic services. Some companies and institutions are developing liquid biopsy (blood and urine)-based tests and diagnostic tests based on the detection of proteins, mRNA, nucleic acids or the presence of fragments of mutated genes that are associated with prostate cancer. These competitors could have technological, financial, reputational, and market access advantages over us.

There are a number of tests already on the market or in clinical testing or commercial development that are also intended to triage diagnostics in men with moderately elevated PSA levels. Of these tests the majority also target solely PSA as a biomarker. Certain isoforms of PSA are differentiated or transcript levels (mRNA) are determined in addition to protein levels. Of these tests the best established is %fPSA, which is also available from all suppliers of the PSA test, including market leaders Abbott Laboratories, Roche Diagnostics, Siemens Healthineers AG and Beckman Coulter, Inc. However, the sensitivity and specificity improvements are very modest.

The 4Kscore from OPKO Health, Inc. (Nasdaq:OPK) and the phi score from Beckman Coulter, Inc. measure additional forms of PSA and related proteins but they do not include additional biomarkers either. The 4Kscore test is a blood based 4-plex test which combines the results of the blood test with clinical information in an algorithm that calculates a patient’s percent risk for aggressive prostate cancer prior to an initial or repeat biopsy (no previous diagnosis of prostate cancer). The 4Kscore test received marketing approval from the FDA in December 2021. The phi score combines the results of three blood tests to provide information about what elevated PSA levels might mean and the probability of finding prostate cancer on biopsy. The IsoPSA test of Cleveland Diagnostics, Inc. analyzes structural changes of PSA to detect underlying cancer biology.

Over the last decade, gene-based testing in urine targeting additional biomarkers became available. The PCA3 test from Gen-Probe Inc. (now a part of Hologic, Inc.) was the first genetic assay to be introduced to the market. The SelectMDx test from MDxHealth SA measures a combination of two genes and integrates them together with PSA value, prostate volume, patient age and digital rectal exam to a risk score. The assay targets mRNA transcripts in the patient’s urine. mRNA is normally not sufficiently shed into urine to allow for direct analysis. Therefore, this test method requires prostate massage prior to sample collection and the urine samples will be collected in a specialized practice. The ExoDx IntelliScore from Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., a subsidiary of Bio-Techne Corporation, measures PCA3 as well as other gene transcripts in exosomes harvested from urine. The method does not require prostate massage, but the varying biomarkers yield a high number (30%) of samples indeterminate. Additionally, because mRNA is relatively unstable, the samples require cold storage in shipment and relatively rapid testing turn-around.

The Stockholm3 test is part of an academic initiative, OncoWatch, led by the Karolinska Institute, Sweden and funded by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology Health program. The Stockholm3 test is a blood-based test that predicts the risk for aggressive prostate cancer at biopsy by analyzing five protein markers, more than 100 genetic markers and clinical data.

Except for PCA3, Prostate Health Index and 4Kscore, all of the above-mentioned tests are only available as a testing service through specialized reference laboratories, they are not offered as commercial products. Testing is performed centrally as a laboratory developed test (“LDT”) by a single diagnostic laboratory. Uptake of LDTs in the United States has been limited, and in Europe they are mostly not known to urologists. The only country in Europe where LDTs have gained some acceptance so far is Spain. Combined, approximately 100,000 LDT tests were performed in 2019. Average price / reimbursement (if covered) is at US$600.

In recent years, MRI-based diagnosis followed by targeted biopsy is becoming the standard of choice in specialized centers. As MRI instrumentation is costly and its availability is still limited, there is a need for diagnostics supporting the decision to perform MRI that Proclarix can fulfill. MRI is not regarded as competitive to the Proclarix positioning, but complementary.

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Competitive Advantages of Proclarix

Despite being on the market for some time, none of the competitor tests made it into the standard of care and penetration is very limited. Proclarix has important competitive advantages:

Proclarix can be applied in any diagnostic laboratory, using readily available immunoassay technology platforms. Furthermore, Proclarix fits very well into the current laboratory workflow, which is important for laboratories that are driven by efficiency and cost.

The stakeholders benefit in various ways from Proclarix:

Patients: Gain more certainty whether a biopsy is really needed through a minimally invasive procedure with a fast time to result. This results in reduced anxiety about prostate cancer diagnosis and less complications and side effects from biopsies.

Physicians: Focus on relevant patients with clinically significant cancer and increased patient satisfaction by significantly reducing unneeded prostate biopsies and its accompanying complications. No need for additional training or new logistic processes: Standard blood-drawing equipment can be used and the blood sample sent to the current laboratory.

Laboratory: Increase revenue with no additional investment for new equipment because Proclarix is readily applicable in any laboratory.

Payer (insurance company): Increase profits by saving costs for avoided biopsies (accompanied by risk of complications, discomfort) and resulting overtreatment.

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Sales, Distribution, Marketing and Advertising

In clinical diagnostics high throughput assay parameters like PSA typically are performed on closed, fully integrated systems that use proprietary reagents. Integrated systems are provided by a few mid-sized to large diagnostic companies (e.g., Roche Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Siemens Healthineers AG, DiaSorin S.p.A.) with a worldwide distribution network. Reagents are provided in a closed-system approach, access is through collaboration agreements only. Business development discussions with multiple diagnostic companies have already started.

Lower volume parameters are run on smaller, open systems that are used in laboratories for tests with lower throughput to complement the test menu. Access to these open systems presents an option for direct commercialization in selected markets during market introduction. First, the goal is to establish commercial proof of concept and drive initial market adoption.

Market adoption of a new test is driven by KOLs and clinical urology centers. Publication of clinical studies proving the medical benefit of the test and KOLs advocating it at scientific conferences will trigger the usage by other physicians. Additionally, demand is created through urology centers specialized in prostate cancer that cover a large geographical area. Their influence on other urologists and general practitioners in the region will lead to multiplier effects. Diagnostic testing in clinical urology centers is provided either by an in-house hospital laboratory or a commercial laboratory where Proclarix will be implemented.

General practitioners recruit patients for screening and decide whether to refer a patient to a specialist. They have an important gatekeeper role and Proclarix is a helpful tool for this triage. Marketing outreach of commercial laboratory networks (e.g., Unilabs, Switzerland; Sonic Healthcare, Australia; Labcorp, U.S.A.) provides an opportunity to directly address the large number of general practitioners and urologists in private practices through their specialized sales force.

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Onconetix’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of OperationS

Components of Results of Operations

Research and Development Expenses

Substantially all of our research and development expenses have consisted of expenses incurred in connection with the development of our product candidates. These expenses include fees paid to third parties to conduct certain research and development activities on our behalf, consulting costs, costs for laboratory supplies, product acquisition and license costs, certain payroll and personnel-related expenses, including salaries and bonuses, employee benefit costs and stock-based compensation expenses for our research and product development employees and allocated overheads, including information technology costs and utilities. We expense both internal and external research and development expenses as they are incurred.

We do not allocate our internal costs by product candidate, as a significant amount of research and development expenses include costs, such as payroll and other personnel expenses, laboratory supplies and allocated overhead, and external costs, such as fees paid to third parties to conduct research and development activities on our behalf, which are not tracked by product candidate.

Predicting the timing or cost to complete our clinical programs or validation of our commercial manufacturing and supply processes is difficult and delays may occur because of many factors, including factors outside of our control. For example, if the FDA or other regulatory authorities were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those that we currently anticipate, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development. Furthermore, we are unable to predict when or if our product candidates will receive regulatory approval with any certainty.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including salaries and bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation expenses, professional fees for legal, consulting, accounting and tax services, and commercialization of ENTADFI, including information technology costs, and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research and development expenses.

We anticipate that our selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase as a result of increased personnel costs, expanded infrastructure and higher consulting, legal and accounting services costs associated with complying with the applicable stock exchange and the SEC requirements, investor relations costs and director and officer insurance premiums associated with being a public company, along with costs for commercialization of products.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the periods indicated:

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General and Administrative Expenses

For the year ended December 31, 2022, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $7.3 million compared to 2021. The increase was mainly due to an increase in employee and director compensation and benefits, including annual bonus compensation and stock-based compensation, of approximately $2.4 million, an increase in professional services, which is comprised primarily of audit, accounting, and legal services, of approximately $1.2 million, increases in various business activities related to company growth and development such as entering into a new lease, patent-related expenses, franchise taxes, travel, and business advisory services totaling approximately $0.9 million, and increases in other business activities related to now being a public company of approximately $1.1 million. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred approximately $1.3 million in expense related to the settlement agreement with Boustead and approximately $0.3 million for a non-recurring termination fee to the Company’s former underwriter, for early termination of the agreement with that underwriter.

Research and Development Expenses

For the year ended December 31, 2022, research and development expenses increased by approximately $2.8 million compared to 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in employee compensation and benefits, including annual bonus compensation and stock-based compensation, of approximately $1.1 million, an increase in preclinical development activities of approximately $1.5 million mainly related to BWV-201, and an increase in external research and development personnel costs of approximately $0.4 million, offset by a decrease in license fees of approximately $0.3 million, primarily related to the one-time license fees incurred pursuant to a license agreement, dated June 1, 2021, with Children’s Hospital Medical Center, d/b/a Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Other Income

Other income for the year ended December 31, 2022 relates to the change in fair value of the contingent warrant liability, which was incurred at the close of private placement issuances in April and August 2022. There was no other income or expense during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our statements of operations for the periods indicated:

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, selling, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $1.0 million compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was mainly attributable to increased commercialization activities for ENTADFI of $2.2 million, an increase of $1.1 million in professional fees, a loss on impairment of long-lived assets of $0.3 million, and $0.2 million incurred for the loss on related party receivable. These increases were offset by a decrease in employee compensation of $1.0 million, primarily related to lower stock-based compensation expenses and a decrease in executive bonuses and a decrease in various business activities, such as business advisory services, travel related expenses, and rent expense, totaling $0.2 million. In addition, there was a decrease of $1.3 million related to a loss contingency and a decrease of $0.3 million for a non-recurring termination penalty to a former underwriter, for early termination of the agreement with that underwriter, both of which were incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, with no similar expense in the current period.

Research and Development Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, research and development expenses decreased by approximately $0.8 million compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily due to the Company’s decision to deprioritize its vaccine programs during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Impairment of Deposit on Asset Purchase Agreement

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a $3.5 million impairment loss was recorded on the deposit for the WraSer asset purchase agreement.

Other Income (Expense)

Other expense incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily relates to interest expense incurred on new notes payable issued in April 2023 related to the acquisition of ENTADFI, a loss on extinguishment of a note payable of $0.5 million in connection with the Veru APA, and the change in fair value of the contingent warrant liability. Other income recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, relates to the change in fair value of the contingent warrant liability.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception in October 2018 until April 2023, when we acquired ENTADFI, we devoted substantially all of our efforts to research and development, undertaking preclinical studies and enabling manufacturing activities in support of our product development efforts, hiring personnel, acquiring and developing our technology and now deprioritized vaccine candidates, organizing and staffing our company, performing business planning, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, and raising capital to support and expand such activities. Since our April 2023 acquisition of ENTADFI, we have been focusing our efforts on building out our commercial capabilities to launch ENTADFI in the marketplace and consummation of the December 2023 acquisition of Proteomedix, and its related diagnostic product. We do not have any products approved for sale, aside from ENTADFI and Proclarix, and have not yet generated significant revenue from product sales.

We have incurred net losses in each year since inception and expect to continue to incur net losses in the foreseeable future. Our net loss was $5.3 million and $15.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $34.4 million. We also generated negative operating cash flows of $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

These factors, along with the Company’s forecasted future cash flows, indicate that the Company will be unable to meet its contractual commitments and obligations as they come due in the ordinary course of business within one year following the issuance of the September 30, 2023 condensed financial statements.

On January 23, 2024, the Company issued the Debenture in exchange for $4.6 million in net cash proceeds. The Debenture is repayable in full upon the earlier of (i) the closing under the Subscription Agreement and (ii) June 30, 2024.

We will require significant amounts of additional capital in the short-term, to continue to fund our continuing operations, satisfy existing and future obligations and liabilities, including the remaining payments due under the Veru APA, payment due on the Debenture, and other contracts entered into in support of the Company’s commercialization plans, in addition to funds needed to support our working capital needs and business activities, including the commercialization of ENTADFI and Proclarix, and the development and commercialization of our current product candidates and future product candidates. Management’s plans for funding the Company’s operations include generating product revenue from sales of ENTADFI, which has not yet been successfully commercialized, a process that will require significant amounts of additional capital to complete. In addition, certain of the commercialization activities are outside of the Company’s control, including but not limited to, securing contracts with wholesalers and third-party payers, securing contracts with third-party logistics providers, and obtaining required licensure is various jurisdictions, as well as attempting to secure additional required funding through equity or debt financings if available. However, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all, which creates significant uncertainty that we will be able to successfully launch ENTADFI and expand commercialization of Proclarix. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, or if we expend capital on projects that are not successful, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, or we may even have to cease our operations. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock.

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Future Funding Requirements

Our primary uses of cash to date have been to fund our operations, which consist primarily of research and development expenditures related to our programs, costs related to acquisitions and potential acquisitions, and selling, general and administrative expenditures. We anticipate that we will continue to incur significant expenses for the foreseeable future as we continue to commercialize ENTADFI and Proclarix and expand our corporate infrastructure, including the costs associated with being a public company. We are subject to all of the risks typically related to the development of new drug candidates, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. We anticipate that we will need substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations and in order to execute our long-term business plan.

We will require significant amounts of additional capital in the short-term, to continue to fund our continuing operations, satisfy existing and future obligations and liabilities, including the remaining payments due under the Veru APA and other contracts entered into in support of the Company’s commercialization plans, in addition to funds needed to support our working capital needs and business activities, including the commercialization of ENTADFI and the development and commercialization of our current product candidates and future product candidates. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenue from sales of ENTADFI or Proclarix, we expect to finance our future cash needs through public or private equity or debt financings, third-party (including government) funding and marketing and distribution arrangements, as well as other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements, or any combination of these approaches. The future sale of equity or convertible debt securities may result in dilution to our stockholders, and, in the case of preferred equity securities or convertible debt, those securities could provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our common stock. Debt financing may subject us to covenant limitations or restrictions on our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in acquiring additional funding at levels sufficient to fund our operations or on terms favorable or acceptable to us. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing when needed or on terms favorable or acceptable to us, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of our business activities.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

A change in the outcome of any of these or other variables could significantly change the costs and timing associated with our business activities. Furthermore, our operating plans may change in the future, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements associated with such change.

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was approximately $9.9 million, of which approximately $6.1 million was used for the acquisition of ENTADFI, $3.5 million was used for the deposit in connection with the potential WraSer APA, which closing is pending at September 30, 2023, and $0.3 million is the net change in the receivable from related parties.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was approximately $31,000, which resulted from purchases of property and equipment and the net change in the receivable from related parties.

Net cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021 was $9,000 and $2,000, respectively, which resulted from purchases of property and equipment.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was approximately $1.0 million, and resulted from net proceeds from the exercise of preferred investment options in connection with the warrant inducement transaction of $2.3 million offset by $1.0 million in principal payments on a note payable, $59,000 in purchases of treasury shares, and $205,000 of payment in deferred offering costs.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was approximately $33.1 million, and resulted primarily from the close of our IPO and the April and August Private Placements.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, was approximately $32.5 million, and resulted primarily from the close of our IPO and the Private Placements, which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $33.1 million, offset by approximately $0.6 million in treasury share repurchases. Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $0.3 million related to payments of deferred offering costs.

Legal Contingencies

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising from the ordinary course of business. We record a liability for such matters when it is probable that future losses will be incurred and that such losses can be reasonably estimated. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods presented we did not have, nor do we currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

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PROTEOMEDIX Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of OperationS

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this proxy statement. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this proxy statement.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Basis of Presentation

Proteomedix’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S GAAP”), which require the recognition and disclosure of foreign currency translation adjustments resulting from the translation of financial statements denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar.

The functional currency of Proteomedix is the Swiss Franc. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, Proteomedix has defined cash and cash equivalents as all cash in banks and highly liquid investments available for current use with an initial maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Proteomedix had no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.

Proteomedix maintains its cash balances at financial institutions that are insured by Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (“FINMA”). Proteomedix’s cash balances may at times exceed the insurance provided by FINMA. Proteomedix has not experienced any losses on these accounts and management does not believe that Proteomedix is exposed to any significant risks related to excess deposits.

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Collaborative Agreements 

Proteomedix periodically enters into strategic alliance agreements with counterparties to produce products and/or provide services to customers. Alliances created by such agreements are not legal entities, have no employees, no assets and have no true operations. These arrangements create contractual rights and Proteomedix accounts for these alliances as a collaborative arrangement by reporting costs incurred and reimbursements received from transactions within research and development expense within the statements of comprehensive loss.

Share-Based Compensation

Proteomedix accounts for equity instruments issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services from other than employees in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) Account Standard Codification (“ASC”) 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” Costs are measured at the estimated fair value of the consideration received or the estimated fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of equity instruments issued for consideration other than employee services is determined on the earliest of a performance commitment or completion of performance by the provider of goods or services as defined by FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.”

Revenue Recognition

Effective on January 1, 2021, Proteomedix adopted ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). Pursuant to ASC 606, revenues are recognized when control of services performed is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. ASC 606 provides for a five-step model that includes:

Product Sales

Proteomedix derives revenue through sales of its products directly to end users and to distributors. Proteomedix sells its products to customers including laboratories, hospitals, medical centers, doctors and distributors. Proteomedix considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements or standard terms and conditions, to be the contracts with a customer. For each contract, Proteomedix considers the promise to transfer products, each of which are distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price Proteomedix evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. Proteomedix fulfils its performance obligation applicable to product sales once the product is transferred to the customer.

Development Services

Proteomedix provides a range of services to life sciences customers referred to as “Development Services” including testing for biomarker discovery, assay design and development. These Development Services are performed under individual statement of work (“SOW”) arrangements with specific deliverables defined by the customer. Development Services are generally performed on a time and materials basis. During the performance and through completion of the service to the customer in accordance with the SOW, we have the right to bill the customer for the agreed upon price and we recognize the Development Services revenue over the period estimated to complete the SOW. We generally identify each SOW as a single performance obligation.

Completion of the service and satisfaction of the performance obligation under a SOW is typically evidenced by access to the data or test made available to the customer or any other form or applicable manner of delivery defined in the SOW. However, for certain SOWs under which work is performed pursuant to the customer’s highly customized specifications, we have the enforceable right to bill the customer for work completed, rather than upon completion of the SOW. For those SOWs, we recognize revenue over a period of time during which the work is performed based on the expended efforts (inputs). As the performance obligation under the SOW is satisfied, any amounts earned as revenue and billed to the customer are included in accounts receivable. Any revenues earned but not yet billed to the customer as of the date of the financial statements are recorded as contract assets and are included in prepaids and other current assets as of the financial statement date. Amounts recorded in contract assets are reclassified to accounts receivable in our financial statements when the customer is invoiced according to the billing schedule in the contract.

In circumstances where a SOW includes variable consideration component, Proteomedix estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on which method is expected to better predict the amount of consideration to which Proteomedix will be entitled. The value of variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, and to the extent, it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. These estimates are reassessed each reporting period, as required, and any adjustment required is recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenue and net income in the period of adjustment.

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Licensing Revenues

license revenues are determined based on an assessment of whether the license is distinct from any other performance obligations that may be included in the underlying licensing arrangement. If the customer is able to benefit from the license without provision of any other performance obligations by Proteomedix and the license is thereby viewed as a distinct or functional license, Proteomedix then determines whether the customer has acquired a right to use the license or a right to access the license. For functional licenses that do not require further substantive development or other ongoing activities by Proteomedix, the customer is viewed as acquiring the right to use the license as, and when, transferred and revenues are generally recorded at a point in time. For symbolic licenses providing substantial value only in conjunction with other performance obligations to be provided by Proteomedix, revenues are generally recorded over the term of the license agreement using the inputs based on contractual remaining time for such license. Such other obligations provided by Proteomedix generally include manufactured products, additional development services or other deliverables that are contracted to be provided during the license term.

Royalties associated with licensing arrangements are estimated and recognized when sales under supply agreements with commercial licensees are recorded, absent any contractual constraints or collectability uncertainties. Royalties which are contingent on meeting certain sales milestones are recorded when it has become probable that milestones will be met.

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

Proteomedix sponsors a defined benefit pension plan (the “Plan”) covering eligible employees. The Plan provides retirement benefits based on employees’ years of service and compensation levels. Proteomedix recognizes an asset for such plan’s overfunded status or a liability underfunded status in its balance sheets. Additionally, Proteomedix measures its plan’s assets and obligations that determine its funded status as of the end of the year and recognizes the changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur. Those changes are reported in ‘accumulated other comprehensive loss. Proteomedix uses actuarial valuations to determine its pension and postretirement benefit costs and credits. The amounts calculated depend on a variety of key assumptions, including discount rates and expected return on plan assets. Current market conditions are considered in selecting these assumptions.

Proteomedix’s pension plans are generally valued using the net asset value (NAV) per share as a practical expedient for fair value provided certain criteria are met. The NAVs are determined based on the fair values of the underlying investments in the funds. In circumstances where the criteria are not met, fair is determined based on the underlying market in which the funds are traded which is generally considered to be an active market.

Components of Results of Operations

Marketing and business development

This classification of expenses includes all efforts related to the marketing and early stage commercialization of Proclarix as well as general business development expenses related to Proclarix and other business areas (e.g. development services, pipeline products). Such costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.

We expect our marketing and business development expenses to increase in the future and we continue to expand our commercialization and of Proclarix as well as other business areas.

Research and development

This classification of expenses includes all costs associated with the development of Proclarix and pipeline products as well as development activities related to collaborations with partners (e.g. research and development collaborations for pipeline products or development services). These expenses include fees paid to third parties to conduct certain research and development activities on our behalf, consulting costs, costs for clinical samples used in clinical studies, costs for laboratory supplies, certain payroll and personnel-related expenses, including salaries. We expense both internal and external research and development expenses as they are incurred.

We do not allocate our internal costs by product candidate, as a significant amount of research and development expenses include costs, such as payroll and other personnel expenses, laboratory supplies and allocated overhead, and external costs, such as fees paid to third parties to conduct research and development activities on our behalf, which are not tracked by product candidate.

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We expect our research and development expenses to increase. If any regulatory authorities were to require us to conduct clinical trials, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development. Furthermore, we are unable to predict with any certainty when or if our pipeline product will be required to obtain regulatory approvals and the magnitude of any additional development costs required to bring those products to a commercial ready state.

General and administrative

General and administrative expense consists principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including salaries and bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation expenses, professional fees for legal, consulting, accounting and tax services and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research and development expenses. 

We anticipate that our general and administrative expense will continue to increase as a result of increased personnel costs, expanded infrastructure and higher consulting, legal and accounting services costs associated with Proteomedix’s continued growth.

Depreciation

Depreciation relates to the amortization of our certain long-term assets over their estimated useful lives. These costs are expensed in the period incurred, which is generally the period the asset is in service until the asset has been disposed of by Proteomedix.

Interest expense

Interest on our outstanding convertible notes payable is expensed as incurred. Interest expense also includes the costs of converting other currencies into CHF, our functional currency. We consider this to be a component of our capital financing activities and therefore include this amount in interest expense in the accompanying statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Foreign currency translation adjustments

This balance is the result of the translation of our financial statements from CHF, our functional currency, to United States Dollars, our reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange ratio as of the end of the reporting period which was 1.098, 1.082 and 1.093 as of December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2023, respectively. Equity is translated using historical exchange rates relevant to the transactions. Revenues and expenses are translated using the average exchange rate during the reporting period. The significant factors contributing to the changes in these balances are related to the disparity between CHF and USD as well as changes in the composition of our assets and liabilities during the period.

Changes in pension benefit obligations

As required by Swiss law, we sponsor a defined benefit pension plan for all of our employees. Changes in these balances are related to gains and losses in the underlying pension assets and liabilities, actuarial gains and losses as well as settlements due to the payment of benefits.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

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Revenue

Revenue increased by $252 thousand, or 179%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was due to Proteomedix entering into a significant development services contract with a customer in the latter part of 2022.

Loss from Operations

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, our comprehensive loss was $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The decrease was due to an increase in revenue associated with the provision of development services to third parties.

Marketing and business development

Marketing and business development expense increased by $40 thousand, or 20%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was due to increased medical marketing efforts in Europe.

Research and development

Research and development expense increased by $81 thousand, or 26%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was due to a collaboration arrangement with a third party under which we recognized certain costs for personnel, facilities and material.

General and administrative

General and administrative expense decreased by $95 thousand, or 5%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was due to a reduction to our use of consultants for non-core services.

Depreciation

Depreciation decreased by $19 thousand, or 53%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was due to existing fixed assets reaching the end of the respective estimated useful lives.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased by $22 thousand, or 53%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was due to losses associated with the conversion of currencies received from our customers into CHF, our functional currency.

Benefit pension obligation changes

Benefit pension obligation changes decreased by $218 thousand, or 55%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was due to a non-recurring payment of benefits out of funds held in trust within the pension trust in 2021.

Foreign currency translation adjustments

Foreign currency translation adjustments decreased by $38 thousand, or 115%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was due to changes in the exchange rate between CHF and USD as well as additional borrowings during 2021.

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Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

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Revenue

Revenue increased by $2 million, or 1,525%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Approximately $1.5 million of the increase was due to the expansion and continued progress of a development services contract with a single customer and approximately $0.5 million of the increase was due to a one-time licensing contract with a single customer, in each case during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Loss from Operations

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our comprehensive income was $323 thousand and during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, our comprehensive loss was $1.3 million. The change was due to increased revenue associated with the provision of development services and licensing fees.

Marketing and business development

Marketing and business development expense decreased by $21 thousand, or 12%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was due to narrowing our marketing efforts in EMEA and focusing on existing lab partners already utilizing our Proclarix product.

Research and development

Research and development expense increased by $12 thousand, or 5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was due to a collaboration arrangement with a third party under which we recognized certain costs for personnel, facilities and material.

General and administrative

General and administrative expense decreased by $393 thousand, or 24%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was due to a reduction to our use of consultants for non-core services as well as reduced personnel costs.

Depreciation

Depreciation decreased by $4 thousand, or 28%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was due to existing fixed assets reaching the end of the respective estimated useful lives.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased by $26 thousand, or 54%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was due to losses associated with the conversion of currencies received from our customers into CHF.

Benefit pension obligation changes

Benefit pension obligation changes decreased by $538 thousand, or 146%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was due to actuarial gains offset by contributions made by employees during 2023 which did not occur in 2022.

Foreign currency translation adjustments

Foreign currency translation adjustments decreased by $172 thousand, or 50%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was due to changes in the exchange rate between CHF and USD.

Trend Information

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this proxy statement, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our revenues, net income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $346 thousand, compared to cash used of $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of $1.8 million. The decrease was due to increased revenue from development services and a one-time licensing fee received during 2023.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, was $1.9 million, compared to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $366 thousand. The decrease was due to increased revenue during the period which resulted in a reduced amount of cash used in operations.

Investing Activities

We had no cash used in or provided by investing activities during any of the periods presented above.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $0, compared to $50 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of $50 thousand. The decrease was due to the one-time repayment of a note payable during 2022.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, was $50 thousand, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was due to the one-time repayment of a note payable during 2022.

Liquidity Outlook

Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows and have financed our operations primarily through the issuance of shares and convertible notes to shareholders and directors. Our primary short-term requirements for liquidity and capital are to fund general working capital and capital expenditures. Our principal long-term working capital uses include the development of ancillary diagnostic markers and related supporting services to expand our existing intellectual property portfolio.

We expect to incur significant expenses in connection with our ongoing activities as we continue to implement our business strategy. We will need additional funding in connection with these activities. Our future funding requirements, both short-term and long-term, will depend on many factors, including:

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A change in the outcome of any of these or other variables could significantly change the costs and timing associated with our business activities. Furthermore, our operating plans may change in the future, and we may need additional funds to meet operational needs and capital requirements associated with such change.

For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue financing our operations through capital contributions or loans made by Onconetix. We do not currently have any committed external source of funds. If we or Onconetix are unable to raise additional funds, we may be required to delay, reduce, suspend or cease our product development programs or any future commercialization efforts, which would have a negative impact on our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.

As of September 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $27 million. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $27.2 million and $25.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, we had cash of $1 million. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had cash of $470 thousand and $2.5 million, respectively. These matters, among others, raise substantial doubt about Proteomedix’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months following the issuance of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Management believes that the actions presently being taken to further implement its business plan and generate revenues provide the opportunity for Proteomedix to continue as a going concern. While Proteomedix believes in the viability of its strategy to generate revenues and the ability of its Onconetix to provide additional funds, there can be no assurances to that effect. The ability of Proteomedix to continue as a going concern is dependent upon Proteomedix’s ability to further implement its business plan and obtaining additional funding from Onconetix as needed.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have over the past three fiscal years, and we currently do not have, any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC. To the extent we have any contingent assets or liabilities, these have been captured and audited within the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Background of the PMX Transaction

Description of Negotiations between Onconetix and Proteomedix

On October 5, 2023, Tungsten Advisors (“Tungsten”), on behalf of Proteomedix, submitted a draft letter of intent (“LOI”) to Onconetix. The LOI terms proposed by Proteomedix included, among other things (i) proposed transaction consideration to Proteomedix equity holders consisting of newly issued shares of Onconetix common stock with an aggregate value of $75 million, (ii) a mutual exclusivity period to last until a definitive agreement is executed and (iii) a contingent value right (“CVR”) to additional consideration for each Onconetix stockholder in the event of any future corporate transaction. The draft LOI also provided that the completion of a private placement in Onconetix of at least $5 million, to close concurrently with the proposed transaction between Onconetix and Proteomedix, would be a closing condition to the proposed transaction.

On October 18, 2023, Tungsten, on behalf of Onconetix, emailed to Proteomedix a mark-up of the proposed LOI. The revised draft of the LOI proposed by Onconetix, as compared with the initial draft of the LOI, among other things (i) revised the exclusivity term to a period of sixty days, (ii) added a six-month post-closing lock-up period for Proteomedix equity holders, (iii) provided that Onconetix would issue to Proteomedix stockholders a number of shares equal to up to 19.9% of Onconetix’s then issued and outstanding shares of common stock, with the remainder of the consideration to be issued as shares of Onconetix convertible preferred stock, convertible upon approval by Onconetix stockholders, (iv) deleted the concept of the issuance of CVRs to Onconetix stockholders and (v) added as a closing condition, if deemed necessary or appropriate by the board of directors of Onconetix (the “Onconetix Board”), the receipt by the Onconetix Board of a fairness opinion issued by a reputable firm opining that the proposed transaction is fair to Onconetix stockholders.

On October 20, 2023, Tungsten, on behalf of Proteomedix, emailed to Onconetix a revised draft of the LOI and, after additional communication among Tungsten, Onconetix and Proteomedix, Proteomedix and Onconetix finalized the LOI. On October 22, 2023, the board of directors of Proteomedix approved the LOI. On October 24, 2023, the Onconetix Board approved the LOI, following which the parties executed the LOI.

Subsequent to the execution of the LOI, a “kick-off” meeting was held by videoconference on October 30, 2023, among (i) representatives of Onconetix, (ii) representatives of Onconetix’s U.S. legal counsel, Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP (“EGS”), (iii) representatives of Tungsten, (iv) representatives of Proteomedix’s Swiss legal counsel, Vischer AG (“Vischer”) and (v) representatives of Proteomedix’s U.S. legal counsel, Brown Rudnick LLP, to discuss the anticipated terms of the proposed transaction outlined in the LOI and, at a high level, the anticipated process and timeline to complete the proposed transaction. Following that meeting, on October 10, 2023, Tungsten provided Onconetix, EGS and Onconetix’s Swiss legal counsel, Wenger Plattner, access to a virtual data room containing certain financial and legal information of Proteomedix. On November 30, 2023, Onconetix provided Proteomedix, Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP (“NM”), U.S. legal counsel to Proteomedix replacing Brown Rudnick, and Vischer access to a virtual data room containing certain financial and legal information of Onconetix.

The parties and their legal counsel discussed and negotiated the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement, an initial draft of which was prepared and sent by EGS to NM on November 14, 2023. Between November 14, 2023, and December 15, 2023, Onconetix, EGS, Wenger Plattner, Proteomedix, NM and Vischer exchanged multiple drafts of the Share Exchange Agreement. Numerous calls and virtual meetings between EGS, Wenger Plattner, NM and Vischer were held during this period to discuss the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement, including meetings on December 5, 2023, December 7, 2023, December 10, 2023, December 13, 2023, December 14, 2023 and December 15, 2023. Representatives of Onconetix and Proteomedix participated in many of these calls and meetings. The topics discussed during these calls and virtual meetings included, without limitation, (i) mechanics of the share exchange, including with respect to outstanding Proteomedix options, (ii) representations, warranties and covenants of Proteomedix shareholders, Proteomedix and Onconetix, (iii) covenants regarding the operation of Onconetix and Proteomedix between the Closing and the conversion (the “Conversion”) of the shares of Onconetix Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and (iv) indemnification.

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During the course of negotiations of the Share Exchange Agreement, the parties also exchanged drafts of, and negotiated the terms of, the Lock-Up Agreement, the Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement, the Support Agreement and the Series B Certificate of Designation (collectively, the “Ancillary Agreements”).

During the period between execution of the LOI and signing of the Share Exchange Agreement, Onconetix’s legal counsel, Wenger Plattner and EGS, conducted legal due diligence based on the documents and other information provided by Proteomedix in the virtual data room. Due diligence efforts focused, among other areas, on Proteomedix’s capitalization, intellectual property and material contracts. To facilitate legal due diligence efforts, EGS sent to Brown Rudnick and Tungsten a customary legal due diligence request list on November 2, 2023, which requests were responded to by Proteomedix and its counsel in writing, orally during meetings and by Proteomedix periodically uploading responsive documents and other information to the virtual data room. Over the following weeks and until the Share Exchange Agreement was signed, Proteomedix, Onconetix and their respective counsel continued to hold supplemental diligence meetings and engage in related communication.

During the period between the execution of the LOI and signing of the Share Exchange Agreement, Proteomedix’s legal counsel, NM and Vischer, conducted legal due diligence based on the documents and other information provided by Onconetix in the virtual data room. Due diligence efforts focused, among other areas, on Onconetix’s capitalization, intellectual property and material contracts. To facilitate legal due diligence efforts, Nelson Mullins sent to EGS a customary legal due diligence request list on November 20, 2023, which requests were responded to by Onconetix and its counsel in writing, orally during meetings and by Onconetix periodically uploading responsive documents and other information to the virtual data room.

The execution version of the Share Exchange Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements contain a number of material terms reflecting negotiations between the parties subsequent to November 14, 2023, including, among other things, that (i) the parties agreed that the aggregate value of the shares (the “Exchange Shares”) of Onconetix common stock and shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issued as consideration in the share exchange would be equal to approximately Seventy-Five Million U.S. Dollars ($75,000,000), less the value of Proteomedix shares for which outstanding Proteomedix options are exercisable, subject to adjustment for indemnification, (ii) Proteomedix options would remain outstanding until the Conversion, at which time outstanding Proteomedix options would be assumed by Onconetix and converted into the right to receive options to acquire shares of Onconetix common stock or such other derivative security as Onconetix and Proteomedix agree, (iii) Proteomedix would indemnify Onconetix for any breaches of Proteomedix’s representations, warranties or covenants contained in the Share Exchange Agreement through an adjustment of the number of shares of Onconetix common stock issued upon Conversion, (iv) Onconetix would indemnify Proteomedix for any breaches of Onconetix’s representations, warranties or covenants contained in the Share Exchange Agreement through an adjustment of the number of shares of Onconetix common stock issued upon Conversion and (v) Proteomedix shareholders would indemnify Onconetix for any breaches of the representations, warranties and covenants of Proteomedix shareholders contained in the Share Exchange Agreement by recourse to the Exchange Shares and the shares of Onconetix common stock issuable upon the Conversion.

On December 13, 2023, the Onconetix Board convened a virtual meeting to consider the proposed transaction between Proteomedix and Onconetix. EGS gave a brief presentation to the Onconetix Board regarding the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby. Onconetix management, led by Mr. Campbell, also presented to the Onconetix Board Onconetix’s management’s analysis of Proteomedix and the business opportunity that Onconetix management believed may be represented by the transaction with Proteomedix, based on information and materials shared with the Onconetix Board prior to such meeting. After review and discussion, including questions from members of the Onconetix Board posed to EGS and to Onconetix management, the Onconetix Board adjourned the December 13, 2023 meeting, and agreed to take action with regard to the Share Exchange Agreement by written consent, a form of which was circulated to the members of the Onconetix Board on December 14, 2023. On December 15, 2023, the members of the Onconetix Board agreed, by unanimous written consent, to approve the proposed final version of the Share Exchange Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and recommended that Onconetix’s stockholders adopt and approve in all respects the Share Exchange Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby.

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Onconetix Board’s Reasons for the Approval of the Business Combination

The Onconetix Board, in evaluating the PMX Transaction, consulted with Onconetix’s management and its financial and legal advisors. In reaching its unanimous resolution that the Share Exchange Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the PMX Transaction and the issuance of shares of common stock in connection therewith, are advisable and in the best interests of Onconetix, the Onconetix Board considered a range of factors, including, but not limited to, the factors discussed below. In light of the number and wide variety of factors considered in connection with its evaluation of the PMX Transaction, the Onconetix Board did not consider it practicable to, and did not attempt to, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors that it considered in reaching its determination and supporting its decision. The Onconetix Board viewed its decision as being based on all of the information available and the factors presented to and considered by it. In addition, individual directors may have given different weight to different factors. This explanation of Onconetix’s reasons for the PMX Transaction and all other information presented in this section is forward-looking in nature and, therefore, should be read in light of the factors discussed under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

The Onconetix Board considered a number of factors pertaining to the PMX Transaction as generally supporting its decision to enter into the Share Exchange Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including, but not limited to, the following material factors:

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The Onconetix Board also considered a variety of uncertainties and risks and other potentially negative factors concerning the PMX Transaction including, but not limited to, the following:

The above discussion of the material factors considered by the Onconetix Board is not intended to be exhaustive, but does set forth the principal factors considered by the Onconetix Board.

Management Forecasts

The management of Onconetix and Proteomedix prepared certain limited financial forecasts about their potential future business. These analyses were shared with Wainwright, and were utilized by Wainwright, without independent verification, in connection with the preparation of its fairness opinion. These financial forecasts and the material assumptions contained therein are described below. 

The financial forecasts prepared by management of Onconetix and Proteomedix and utilized by Wainwright were not detailed financial projections maintained by management of Onconetix and Proteomedix in the ordinary course and were not prepared with a view towards public disclosure. Furthermore, those forecasts are dependent entirely on assumptions about a variety of events and circumstances that may or may not occur and are subject, in all upon a number of assumptions respects, to actual results and to risks and contingencies, known and unknown, many of which are outside of Onconetix’s and Proteomedix’s control, in many cases, and which cannot be predicted in advance. Forward-looking information, including information about future business plans, are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies. Forward-looking statements are also susceptible to multiple interpretations and inherently reflect assumptions with respect to general business, economic, regulatory, market and financial conditions and other future events, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the control of Onconetix and Proteomedix. Investors are encouraged to read carefully the information contained in this proxy statement, including the financial information and the descriptions about various risks and uncertainties concerning Onconetix’s and Proteomedix’s business described herein, including under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Onconetix’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Proteomedix’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

The financial forecasts that were prepared by management of Onconetix and Proteomedix and shared with Wainwright comprised probability weighted projections of management of Onconetix and Proteomedix’s expected future cash flows as shown in the following table. As further described below, Wainwright, without independent verification, utilized these projections in connection with the preparation of its fairness opinion.

Onconetix management considered these projections to be reasonable, based on management’s observations, expertise and industry knowledge, taking into account that all of Onconetix’s planned business activities, as reflected in the forecasts, are speculative, and the costs and expenses Onconetix incurs may be different, potentially substantially, from the estimates thereof incorporated in the assumptions. Moreover, Onconetix’s plans may, and can be expected, to change over the timeline of the forecast periods, potentially materially, as underlying facts and circumstances specific to Onconetix and more general, change.

Proteomedix management considered these projections to be reasonable, based on management’s observations, expertise and industry knowledge, taking into account that all of Proteomedix’s planned business activities, as reflected in the forecasts, are speculative, and the costs and expenses Proteomedix incurs may be different, potentially substantially, from the estimates thereof incorporated in the assumptions. Moreover, Proteomedix’s plans may, and can be expected, to change over the timeline of the forecast periods, potentially materially, as underlying facts and circumstances specific to Proteomedix and more general, change.

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Opinion of Onconetix’s Financial Advisor

The Board retained Wainwright on November 6, 2023, to render an opinion as to the fairness, from a financial point of view, to Onconetix of the Exchange Consideration to be paid by Onconetix pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement.

On December 13, 2023, Wainwright rendered its oral opinion to the board of directors of Onconetix (which was subsequently confirmed in writing by delivery of Wainwright’s written opinion dated the same date) to the effect that, based upon and subject to the assumptions, factors, qualifications and limitations set forth in the written opinion described herein, as of December 13, 2023, the Exchange Consideration was fair, from a financial point of view, to Onconetix.

Wainwright’s opinion was prepared for the information of the board of directors of Onconetix and only addressed the fairness, from a financial point of view, to Onconetix of the Exchange Consideration to be paid by Onconetix pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement. Wainwright was not requested to opine as to, and Wainwright’s fairness opinion does not address, the relative merits of the Share Exchange or any alternatives to the Share Exchange, Onconetix’s underlying decision to proceed with or effect the Share Exchange, or any other aspect of the Share Exchange. Wainwright’s opinion does not address the fairness of the Share Exchange to the holders of any class of securities, creditors or other constituencies of Onconetix. Wainwright did not express an opinion about the fairness of the amount or nature of any compensation payable or to be paid to any of the officers, directors or employees of Onconetix, whether or not relative to the Share Exchange. Wainwright did not express an opinion about the fairness of the Private Placement Investment.

The summary of Wainwright’s opinion in this proxy statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of its written opinion, which is included as Annex C to this proxy statement and sets forth the procedures followed, assumptions made, qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken and other matters considered by Wainwright in preparing its opinion. Wainwright’s opinion was prepared for the information of the board of directors of Onconetix for its use in connection with its consideration of the Share Exchange. Neither Wainwright’s written opinion nor the summary of its opinion and the related analyses set forth in this proxy statement are intended to be, and they do not constitute, a recommendation to any stockholder of Onconetix as to how such stockholder should vote with respect to any matter relating to the Share Exchange or any other matter.

The terms of the Share Exchange, the consideration to be paid in the Share Exchange, and the related transactions were determined through arm’s length negotiations between Onconetix and Proteomedix and were approved unanimously by Onconetix’s board of directors. Wainwright did not determine the consideration to be paid by Onconetix in connection with the Share Exchange.

In connection with rendering the fairness opinion described above and performing its related financial analyses, Wainwright, among other things, reviewed:

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For purposes of its opinion, with the approval of the board of directors of Onconetix and without independent verification, Wainwright assumed that:

In arriving at its opinion, Wainwright assumed and relied upon, without verifying independently, the accuracy and completeness of all information that was publicly available or was furnished, or otherwise made available, to Wainwright, or discussed with or reviewed by or for Wainwright for the purposes of preparing its opinion, and further assumed that the financial information provided to Wainwright had been prepared by the respective managements of Onconetix and Proteomedix on a reasonable basis in accordance with industry practice, and that the managements of Onconetix and Proteomedix were not aware of any information or facts that would make any information provided to Wainwright incomplete or misleading.

With respect to the financial forecasts, estimates and other forward-looking information reviewed by Wainwright, Wainwright assumed that such information had been reasonably prepared by the respective managements of Onconetix and Proteomedix based on assumptions reflecting their best currently available estimates and judgments as to the expected future results of operations and financial condition of Onconetix and Proteomedix, respectively. Wainwright was not engaged to assess the achievability of any such financial forecasts, estimates or forward-looking information or the assumptions on which they were based, and Wainwright expressed no opinion as to such information or assumptions. In addition, Wainwright did not assume any responsibility for, and did not perform, any appraisals or valuations of any specific assets or liabilities (fixed, contingent or other) of Onconetix or Proteomedix, nor was Wainwright furnished or provided with any such appraisals or valuations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Wainwright was not engaged to, and did not undertake, any independent analysis of any pending or threatened litigation, regulatory action, possible unasserted claims or other contingent liabilities, to which Onconetix, Proteomedix or any of their respective affiliates is a party or may be subject, and at the direction of the board of directors of Onconetix and with its consent, Wainwright’s fairness opinion made no assumption concerning, and did not consider, the possible assertion of claims, outcomes or damages arising out of any such matters.

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Wainwright relied upon and assumed, without independent verification, that the representations and warranties of all parties set forth in the Share Exchange Agreement and all related documents and instruments that are referred to therein are true and correct, that each party to the Share Exchange Agreement will fully and timely perform all of the covenants and agreements required to be performed by such party, that the Share Exchange will be consummated pursuant to the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement, without amendment thereto, and that all conditions to the consummation of the Share Exchange will be satisfied without waiver by any party of any conditions or obligations thereunder. Wainwright further assumed that the Share Exchange Agreement was in all material respects identical to the draft of the Share Exchange Agreement provided to Wainwright. Finally, Wainwright also assumed that all the necessary regulatory approvals and consents required for the Share Exchange, including the approval of the stockholders of Onconetix, will be obtained in a manner that will not adversely affect Proteomedix.

In connection with its opinion, Wainwright assumed and relied upon, without independent verification, the accuracy and completeness of all of the financial, legal, regulatory, tax, accounting and other information provided to, discussed with or reviewed by it. Wainwright’s opinion does not address any legal, tax, accounting, or regulatory matters. Wainwright’s fairness opinion was approved by its fairness opinion committee prior to delivering it to the board of directors of Onconetix.

Wainwright’s opinion is necessarily based upon the information available to Wainwright and facts and circumstances as they existed and were subject to evaluation as of December 13, 2023, which is the date of the Wainwright opinion. Although events occurring after the date of the Wainwright opinion could materially affect the assumptions used in preparing the opinion, Wainwright does not have any obligation to update, revise or reaffirm its opinion and Wainwright expressly disclaims any responsibility to do so. Wainwright did not express any opinion as to the value of the shares of Onconetix’s common stock to be issued in the Share Exchange or the prices at which shares of Onconetix’s common stock may trade following announcement of the Share Exchange or at any future time.

The terms of the Share Exchange, the consideration to be paid in the Share Exchange, and the related transactions were determined through arm’s length negotiations between Onconetix and Proteomedix and were approved unanimously by Onconetix’s board of directors. Wainwright did not determine the consideration to be paid by Onconetix in connection with the Share Exchange. Wainwright’s opinion and its presentation to Onconetix’s board of directors was one of many factors taken into consideration by the board of directors of Onconetix in deciding to approve, adopt and authorize the Share Exchange Agreement. Consequently, the analyses as described herein should not be viewed as determinative of the opinion of Onconetix’s board of directors with respect to the consideration to be paid by Onconetix in the Share Exchange or of whether Onconetix’s board of directors would have been willing to agree to different consideration.

The following is a summary of the material financial analyses performed by Wainwright in connection with the preparation of its fairness opinion, which opinion was rendered orally to the board of directors of Onconetix (and subsequently confirmed in writing by delivery of Wainwright’s written opinion dated the same date) on December 13, 2023. The preparation of analyses and a fairness opinion is a complex analytic process involving various determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant methods of financial analysis and the application of those methods to the particular circumstances and, therefore, such an opinion is not readily susceptible to summary description and this summary does not purport to be a complete description of the analyses performed by Wainwright or the delivery of Wainwright’s opinion to the board of directors of Onconetix. This summary includes information presented in tabular format. In order to fully understand the financial analyses presented by Wainwright, the tables must be read together with the text of each analysis summary and considered as a whole. The tables alone do not constitute a complete summary of the financial analyses. Considering any portion of such analyses and of the factors considered, without considering all analyses and factors, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the process underlying Wainwright’s opinion.

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In furnishing its opinion, Wainwright did not attempt to combine the analyses described herein into one composite valuation range, nor did Wainwright assign any quantitative weight to any of the analyses, or the other factors considered. Furthermore, in arriving at its opinion, Wainwright did not attribute any particular weight to any analysis or factor considered by it, but rather made qualitative judgments as to the significance and relevance of each analysis and factor in light of one another. Accordingly, Wainwright has stated that it believes that its analyses must be considered as a whole and that considering any portion of its analyses, without considering all of the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the process underlying its opinion or the conclusions to be drawn therefrom.

In conducting the analysis as to the fairness, from a financial point of view, to Onconetix of the Exchange Consideration to be paid by Onconetix pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Wainwright evaluated the stand-alone valuations of Onconetix and Proteomedix. Wainwright then evaluated the potential valuation of the combined company and compared it to the pro forma ownership of the combined company by the stockholders of Onconetix immediately prior to the Share Exchange pursuant to the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement.

The results of the application by Wainwright of each of the valuation methodologies utilized in connection with its fairness opinion are summarized below.

Consideration to be paid in the Share Exchange

As specified in the Share Exchange Agreement, the parties attributed an enterprise value of $75.0 million to Proteomedix and an enterprise value of $9.9 million to Onconetix representing equity value of $4.6 million plus net debt of $5.3 million. As noted above, for purposes of its opinion, with the approval of the board of directors of Onconetix and without independent verification, Wainwright made the following assumptions:

In analyzing the fairness, from a financial point of view, to Onconetix of the Exchange Consideration to be paid by Onconetix pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Wainwright evaluated the implied valuation of Proteomedix on a standalone basis and compared that to the $75.0 million enterprise value attributable to Proteomedix in the Share Exchange Agreement and the implied valuation of Onconetix on a standalone basis and compared that to the $9.9 million enterprise value attributable to Onconetix in the Share Exchange Agreement.

Proteomedix Implied Valuation

Wainwright determined a range of implied valuations for Proteomedix using the following valuation metrics, each of which is described further below.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

The discounted cash flow analysis is a “forward looking” methodology and is based on projected future cash flows to be generated by Proteomedix which are then discounted back to the present. This methodology has three primary components: (1) the present value of projected unlevered cash flows for a determined period; (2) the present value of the terminal value of cash flows (representing firm value beyond the time horizon on the projections) or a perpetuity growth calculation based on terminal free cash flow; and (3) the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) used to discount such future cash flows and terminal value or perpetuity value back to the present. The future cash flows plus the terminal value or perpetual value of such cash flows are discounted by the company’s risk-adjusted cost of capital, the WACC, to derive a present value.

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Proteomedix management provided to Wainwright a probability weighted projection of Proteomedix’s expected future cash flows as shown in the following table.

$ in millions

Source: Company Management

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Wainwright estimated a perpetuity growth rate of between 0% and 4.0%. Wainwright also assumed a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC or discount rate) range of 11.1% to 15.1%. Based on these inputs, Wainwright determined an enterprise value range of between $159.0 million and $356.0 million. The tables provided below show these calculations and the WACC calculated by Wainwright.

Proteomedix WACC Analysis

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Source: Bloomberg & FactSet; market data as of 12/11/2023

Based on these inputs, Wainwright calculated an enterprise value range between $185.0 million and $271.0 million using the perpetuity growth methodology, compared to the $75 million enterprise value attributable to Proteomedix in the Share Exchange Agreement.

Comparable Public Company Analysis

Wainwright also evaluated the implied enterprise valuation of Proteomedix using a comparable company analysis. The comparable company analysis uses data based on current enterprise values of public companies that Wainwright viewed as comparable to Proteomedix to develop a measure of current value for Proteomedix. Wainwright reviewed the total enterprise values of selected publicly traded, commercial-stage medical diagnostic companies that Wainwright viewed as operating in similar commercial markets to Proteomedix. The selected comparable public companies shown in the table below had an enterprise valuation range of between $43.0 million (25^th percentile) and $255.0 million (75^th percentile). Wainwright did not exclude any companies meeting the criteria described above.

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$ in millions

Source: FactSet as of 12/11/2023

Based on the analysis described above, Wainwright estimated that the enterprise value of Proteomedix ranged between $43.0 million and $255.0 million, compared to the $75 million enterprise value attributable to Proteomedix in the Share Exchange Agreement.

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Precedent M&A Transactions

The precedent M&A analysis uses data based on the values acquirers have previously placed on comparable companies in a merger or acquisition to develop a measure of current value for Proteomedix. Wainwright examined precedent transactions, from June 25, 2018 through August 2, 2022, involving publicly traded, commercial-stage medical diagnostic companies that Wainwright viewed as operating in similar commercial markets to Proteomedix. Wainwright used only the upfront consideration paid in these transactions and did not consider any contingent value rights or other contingent consideration. The transactions shown in the table below had upfront consideration values ranging between $30.0 million (25^th percentile) and $432.0 million (75^th percentile). Wainwright did not exclude any companies meeting the criteria described above.

$ in millions

Source: Company SEC Filings, Press Releases, Pitchbook as of 12/11/2023

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Onconetix Implied Valuation

Wainwright determined a range of implied valuations for Onconetix using the following valuation metrics, each of which is described further below. Wainwright stated its belief that significant weight should be applied to the discounted cash flow analysis for Onconetix because Onconetix’s public comparable companies and precedent transaction analyses did not account for (i) the significant dilution that Onconetix would need to take on to fund future operations, (ii) Onconetix’s high cost of capital and (iii) Onconetix’s inability to access the capital markets.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

The discounted cash flow analysis is a “forward looking” methodology and is based on projected future cash flows to be generated by Onconetix which are then discounted back to the present. This methodology has three primary components: (1) the present value of projected unlevered cash flows for a determined period; (2) the present value of the terminal value of cash flows (representing firm value beyond the time horizon on the projections) or a perpetuity growth calculation based on terminal free cash flow; and (3) the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) used to discount such future cash flows and terminal value or perpetuity value back to the present. The future cash flows plus the terminal value or perpetual value of such cash flows are discounted by the company’s risk-adjusted cost of capital, the WACC, to derive a present value.

Onconetix management provided to Wainwright a probability weighted projection of Onconetix’s expected future cash flows as shown in the following table.

$ in millions

Source: Company Management

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Wainwright estimated a perpetuity growth rate of between (2.0)% and 2.0%. Wainwright also assumed a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC or discount rate) range of 14.8% to 18.8%. Based on these inputs, Wainwright determined an enterprise value range of between $5.0 million and $7.0 million. The tables provided below show these calculations and the WACC calculated by Wainwright.

Onconetix WACC Analysis

Source: Bloomberg & FactSet; market data as of 12/11/2023

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Based on these inputs, Wainwright calculated an enterprise value range between $5.0 million and $6.0 million using the perpetuity growth methodology, compared to the $9.9 million enterprise value attributable to Onconetix in the Share Exchange Agreement.

Comparable Public Company Analysis

Wainwright also evaluated the implied enterprise valuation of Onconetix using a comparable company analysis. The comparable company analysis uses data based on current enterprise values of public companies that Wainwright viewed as comparable to Onconetix to develop a measure of current value for Onconetix. Wainwright reviewed the total enterprise values of selected publicly traded, specialty pharmaceutical companies that Wainwright viewed operating in similar commercial markets to Onconetix. The selected comparable public companies shown in the table below had an enterprise valuation range of between $5.0 million (25^th percentile) and $43.0 million (75^th percentile). Wainwright did not exclude any companies meeting the criteria described above.

$ in millions

Source: FactSet as of 12/11/2023

Based on the analysis described above, Wainwright estimated that the enterprise value of Onconetix ranged between $5.0 million and $43.0 million, compared to the $9.9 million enterprise value attributable to Onconetix in the Share Exchange Agreement.

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Precedent M&A Transactions

The precedent M&A analysis uses data based on the values acquirers have previously placed on comparable companies in a merger or acquisition to develop a measure of current value for Onconetix. Wainwright examined precedent transactions, from September 6, 2019 through August 31, 2023, involving, specialty pharmaceutical companies that Wainwright viewed operating in similar commercial markets to Onconetix. Wainwright used only the upfront consideration paid in these transactions and did not consider any contingent value rights or other contingent consideration. The transactions shown in the table below had upfront consideration values ranging between $15.0 million (25^th percentile) and $79.0 million (75^th percentile).

$ in millions

Source: Company SEC Filings, Press Releases, Pitchbook as of 12/11/2023

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General

Wainwright is a nationally recognized investment banking firm that provides financial advisory services and is continually engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, negotiated underwritings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements and valuations for estate, corporate and other purposes. The Onconetix board of directors retained Wainwright to render an opinion as to the fairness, from a financial point of view, to Onconetix of the Exchange Consideration to be paid by Onconetix pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement based upon the foregoing qualifications, experience and expertise.

Onconetix paid Wainwright a fee of $250,000 for rendering its fairness opinion delivered in connection with the Share Exchange. The opinion fee was not contingent in whole or in part on the success of the Share Exchange, or on the results of Wainwright’s evaluation and analysis or upon the conclusions reached in Wainwright’s opinion. In addition, Onconetix agreed to reimburse Wainwright for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, including reasonable fees and disbursements of its counsel. Onconetix has also agreed to indemnify Wainwright against certain liabilities and other items that may arise out of Onconetix’s engagement of Wainwright. Onconetix’s board of directors did not limit Wainwright in any way in the investigations it made or the procedures it followed in rendering its opinion.