By Alexis Flynn

LONDON--International mining and energy companies are keeping a wary eye on escalating tensions in Mozambique after a former rebel group said it would no longer abide by a more than two decades-old peace deal that ended a brutal civil war in the East African country.

Fears of renewed conflict between the Renamo movement and the Frelimo-ruled government come as the country stands on the brink of becoming one of the continent's big energy producers, with billions of dollars in investment planned by the likes of Italy's Eni SpA, U.S. firm Anadarko Corp., Anglo-Australian miner Rio Tinto and Brazil's Vale.

South African energy company Sasol, whose main operations are a natural gas processing facility in Temane in southern Mozambique, said it was "deeply concerned" by Renamo's move but said it didn't believe the unrest posed a countrywide threat.

"This is an unfortunate development in an otherwise unbroken period of peace and stability, that has underpinned the high economic growth that the country has experienced," said a Sasol spokeswoman.

This year, mining company Rio Tinto was forced to suspend coal shipments from the northwest Tete province after Renamo threatened to disrupt the Sena railway line that carries coal exports to the port of Beira.

A Rio Tinto spokesman said Tuesday the company is "monitoring the situation closely."

Eni, Anadarko and Norway's Statoil said they were closely watching events.

"We are following the situation as it evolves. The situation currently is calm and our activities proceed as normal," said an Eni spokesman, while Anadarko's spokesman John Christiansen said the U.S. firm was "monitoring the political conditions as we do in any area that we have operations. The safety of our people is our highest priority."

"We are continuously monitoring the situation in every country where we have activities, and make the security measures that we find necessary," said Statoil spokesman Knut Rostad.

Months of sporadic, low-level clashes between Renamo and government forces escalated Monday, when Mozambique troops seized the house of Renamo's leader, Afonso Dhlakama, forcing him to flee into hiding. Renamo accused the government of trying to kill Mr. Dhlakama and said the action signalled the end of the Rome Peace Accords, the 1992 agreement that ended the civil war.

Renamo had already staged several attacks in their central Mozambique heartland and in June warned that they would block the flow of goods and people along the country's main north-to-south highway.

Experts say that an escalation of the conflict may lead Renamo fighters to target power and transport installations.

"While it is likely that guerrilla style attacks will mostly target government security services, opportunistic attacks or acts of sabotage against infrastructure including electricity and railway cannot be ruled out. The situation remains dynamic," said Markus Weimer, senior analyst at consultancy Control Risks.

--Devon Maylie in Johannesburg, Liam Moloney in Rome, Kjetil Malkenes Hovland in Oslo, Tom Fowler in Houston and Alex Macdonald in London contributed to this item.

Write to Alexis Flynn at alexis.flynn@wsj.com

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