Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-35558

CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

(Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						27-2004382
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

11055 Flintkote Avenue, San Diego, California						92121
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

(858) 952-7570
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class:

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered:

Common Stock

CRDF

Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒

Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 3, 2023, the issuer had 44,677,169 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

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		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)

	Condensed Balance Sheets	3

	Condensed Statements of Operations	4

	Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss	5

	Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	6

	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	7

	Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	23

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	23

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	24

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	24

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	24

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	24

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	24

Item 5.	Other Information	24

Item 6.	Exhibits	24

SIGNATURES

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except par value)

(Unaudited)


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,369	$	16,347
Short-term investments	70,059		88,920
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	161		771
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,142		5,246
Total current assets	92,731		111,284
Property and equipment, net	1,356		1,269

Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,978		2,251
Other assets	1,390		1,387
Total Assets	$	97,455	$	116,191

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,939	$	1,956
Accrued liabilities	5,501		5,177

Operating lease liabilities	683		675


Total current liabilities	9,123		7,808


Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,753		2,040


Total Liabilities	10,876		9,848

Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)

Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, 20,000 shares authorized; Series A Convertible Preferred Stock liquidation preference $1,056 and $1,044 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively (Note 6)	—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized; 44,677 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	4		4
Additional paid-in capital	407,479		404,834

Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(431)		(395)
Accumulated deficit	(320,473)		(298,100)
Total stockholders’ equity	86,579		106,343
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	97,455	$	116,191

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022



Royalty revenues	$	108	$	91	$	191	$	165
Costs and expenses:

Research and development	8,020		7,448		17,072		14,656
Selling, general and administrative	4,296		3,086		7,379		7,026


Total operating expenses	12,316		10,534		24,451		21,682

Loss from operations	(12,208)		(10,443)		(24,260)		(21,517)

Other income (expense), net:
Interest income, net	1,053		253		1,993		383



Other income (expense), net	5		(253)		(106)		(302)
Total other income (expense), net	1,058		—		1,887		81

Net loss	(11,150)		(10,443)		(22,373)		(21,436)

Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6)		(6)		(12)		(12)





Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(11,156)	$	(10,449)	$	(22,385)	$	(21,448)

Net loss per common share — basic and diluted	$	(0.25)	$	(0.24)	$	(0.50)	$	(0.50)


Weighted-average shares outstanding — basic and diluted	44,677		43,306		44,677		43,269

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net loss	$	(11,150)	$	(10,443)	$	(22,373)	$	(21,436)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	(355)		(234)		(36)		(840)
Total comprehensive loss	(11,505)		(10,677)		(22,409)		(22,276)

Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6)		(6)		(12)		(12)





Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(11,511)	$	(10,683)	$	(22,421)	$	(22,288)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Preferred Stock Shares	Preferred Stock Amount		Common Stock Shares	Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2023	61	$	—	44,677	$	4	$	404,834	$	(395)	$	(298,100)	$	106,343
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,064		—		—		1,064
Other comprehensive gain	—	—		—	—		—		319		—		319
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(11,223)		(11,223)
Balance, March 31, 2023	61	$	—	44,677	$	4	$	405,898	$	(76)	$	(309,323)	$	96,503
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,581		—		—		1,581
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		(355)		—		(355)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(11,150)		(11,150)
Balance, June 30, 2023	61	$	—	44,677	$	4	$	407,479	$	(431)	$	(320,473)	$	86,579


	Preferred Stock Shares	Preferred Stock Amount		Common Stock Shares	Common Stock Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Service Receivable		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2022	716	$	1	41,964	$	4	$	400,503	$	(139)	$	(142)	$	(259,810)	$	140,417
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,152		—		—		—		1,152



Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(606)		—		(606)
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	(328)	(1)		1,342	—		—		—		—		—		(1)
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(6)		(6)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	—	—		—	—		—		139		—		—		139
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(10,993)		(10,993)
Balance, March 31, 2022	388	$	—	43,306	$	4	$	401,655	$	—	$	(748)	$	(270,809)	$	130,102
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,055		—		—		—		1,055

Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(234)		—		(234)
Preferred stock dividend	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(6)		(6)

Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(10,443)		(10,443)
Balance, June 30, 2022	388	$	—	43,306	$	4	$	402,710	$	—	$	(982)	$	(281,258)	$	120,474

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(22,373)	$	(21,436)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:


Depreciation	188		69

Stock-based compensation expense	2,645		2,207




Amortization of premiums (discounts) on short-term investments	(405)		557



Release of clinical trial funding commitment	—		139
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	(3)		54
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	610		(16)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	2,260		18
Operating lease right-of-use assets	273		272
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,293		1,367
Operating lease liabilities	(279)		(143)
Other liabilities	—		(32)
Net cash used in operating activities	(15,791)		(16,944)

Investing activities:

Capital expenditures	(259)		(483)
Insurance proceeds from casualty loss	—		71
Maturities of short-term investments	68,265		48,801
Purchases of short-term investments	(50,868)		(57,309)
Sales of short-term investments	1,675		34,886
Net cash provided by investing activities	18,813		25,966

Financing activities:










Net cash provided by financing activities	—		—

Net change in cash and cash equivalents	3,022		9,022
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period	16,347		11,943
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	$	19,369	$	20,965

Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for taxes	$	1	$	1

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	16	$	456
Acquisition of property and equipment included in insurance proceeds receivable	$	—	$	43

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Business Organization and Overview

Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (“Cardiff Oncology” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage biotechnology company leveraging Polo-like Kinase 1 (“PLK1”) inhibition to develop novel therapies across a range of cancers. The Company’s lead asset is onvansertib, a PLK1 inhibitor that is being evaluated in combination with standard-of-care therapies in clinical programs targeting indications such as RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic pancreatic cancer, as well as investigator-initiated trials in triple negative breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. These programs and the Company’s broader development strategy are designed to target tumor vulnerabilities in order to overcome treatment resistance and deliver superior clinical benefit compared to the standard-of-care alone. The Company's common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol "CRDF".

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements of Cardiff Oncology have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The operating results presented in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $89.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and believes it has sufficient cash to meet its funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of these financial statements.

For the foreseeable future, the Company expects to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience additional dilution.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in net loss attributable to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.

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The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:


	June 30,
	2023	2022
Options to purchase Common Stock	6,603,661	5,131,195
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	2,807,948	4,490,159

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	877	877

Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	—	1,342,250
	9,412,486	10,964,481

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 ("ASU 2020-06"), Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 eliminates the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models for convertible instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity’s own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, ASU 2020-06 modifies how particular convertible instruments and certain contracts that may be settled in cash or shares impact the diluted EPS computation. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 (or December 15, 2023, for companies who meet the SEC definition of Smaller Reporting Companies), and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendment is to be adopted through either a fully retrospective or modified retrospective method of transition. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements and related disclosures, and will adopt this standard on January 1, 2024.

3. Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund	$	18,792	$	—	$	—	$	18,792

Total included in cash and cash equivalents	18,792		—		—		18,792

Available for sale investments:
Certificate of deposit	—		7,991		—		7,991
Corporate debt securities	—		23,062		—		23,062
Commercial paper	—		11,089		—		11,089

U.S. government agencies	—		7,802				7,802
U.S. treasury securities	20,115		—		—		20,115
Total available for sale investments	20,115		49,944		—		70,059

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	38,907	$	49,944	$	—	$	88,851

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	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund	$	15,722	$	—	$	—	$	15,722

Total included in cash and cash equivalents	15,722		—		—		15,722

Available for sale investments:
Certificate of deposit	—		16,023		—		16,023
Corporate debt securities	—		49,535		—		49,535
Commercial paper	—		13,187		—		13,187
U.S. government agencies	—		2,288		—		2,288
U.S. treasury securities	7,887		—		—		7,887
Total available for sale investments	7,887		81,033		—		88,920

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	23,609	$	81,033	$	—	$	104,642

The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

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4. Supplementary Balance Sheet Information

Investments available for sale

Investments available for sale consist of the following:


	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Market Value
Maturity less than 1 year:
Certificate of deposit	$	8,005	$	—	$	(14)	$	7,991
Corporate debt securities	14,465		5		(53)		14,417
Commercial paper	11,102		—		(13)		11,089

U.S. government agencies	7,841		—		(39)		7,802

Total maturity less than 1 year	41,413		5		(119)		41,299
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Corporate debt securities	8,711		16		(82)		8,645

U.S. treasury securities	20,366		—		(251)		20,115
Total maturity 1 to 2 years	29,077		16		(333)		28,760

Total short-term investments	$	70,490	$	21	$	(452)	$	70,059


	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Market Value
Maturity less than 1 year:
Certificate of deposit	$	16,101	$	3	$	(81)	$	16,023
Corporate debt securities	44,806		8		(275)		44,539
Commercial paper	13,203		4		(20)		13,187
Non U.S. government	2,284		4		—		2,288
U.S. treasury securities	7,905		—		(18)		7,887
Total maturity less than 1 year	84,299		19		(394)		83,924
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Corporate debt securities	5,016		1		(21)		4,996

Total maturity 1 to 2 years	5,016		1		(21)		4,996

Total short-term investments	$	89,315	$	20	$	(415)	$	88,920

We periodically review our portfolio of debt securities to determine if any investment is impaired due to credit loss or other potential valuation concerns. For debt securities where the fair value of the investment is less than the amortized cost basis, we have assessed at the individual security level for various quantitative factors including, but not limited to, the nature of the investments, changes in credit ratings, interest rate fluctuations, industry analyst reports, and the severity of impairment. Unrealized losses in investments available for sale debt securities at June 30, 2023, were substantially due to increases in interest rates, not due to increased credit risks associated with specific securities. Accordingly, we have not recorded an allowance for credit losses. It is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity.

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Investments available for sale that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than one-year consist of the following:


	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Fair Market Value		Gross Unrealized Loss

Corporate debt securities	$	2,963	$	(24)

Property and equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Furniture and office equipment	$	1,081	$	1,066
Leasehold improvements	2,568		2,560
Laboratory equipment	1,264		1,056
	4,913		4,682
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,557)		(3,413)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,356	$	1,269

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Accrued compensation	$	2,175	$	1,849

Clinical trials	2,364		2,333
Research agreements and services	543		509
Director fees	125		125

Patent, license and other fees	83		24

Other accrued liabilities	211		337
Total accrued liabilities	$	5,501	$	5,177

5. Leases

As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases.

Master Facility Lease

The Company currently leases office and lab space in San Diego that expires on February 28, 2027. The lease currently requires monthly payments of approximately $61,000 per month with 3% annual escalation.

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	180	$	190	$	363	$	381

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
Operating lease ROU assets	$	1,978		$	2,251

Current operating lease liabilities	$	683		$	675
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,753			2,040
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2,436		$	2,715

Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	3.7 years			4.2 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	7.0		%	7.0		%

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	183	$	180	$	368	$	251

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:


(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases


2023 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2023)	$	306
2024	754
2025	775
2026	796

Thereafter	136
Total future minimum lease payments	2,767
Less imputed interest	(331)
Total	$	2,436

6. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Options

Stock-based compensation expense related to Cardiff Oncology equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022

Included in research and development expense	$	297	$	126	$	691	$	460
Included in selling, general and administrative expense	1,284		929		1,954		1,747


Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,581	$	1,055	$	2,645	$	2,207

The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at June 30, 2023, net of estimated forfeitures, was $8.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 2.5 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of outstanding options as of June 30, 2023, was approximately 8.4

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years. The total fair value of stock options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, were $3.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Risk-free interest rate	3.61	%	1.87	%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	109	%	106	%
Expected term(1)	5.3 years		6.0 years

(1)The expected term for options granted after January 1, 2023 is estimated based on the Company's historical employee data. Prior to January 1, 2023, the Company used the "simplified method" to estimate expected term.

A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:


	Total Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022	5,069,458	$	5.92	$	19,322
Granted	2,088,608	$	1.71

Forfeited and expired	(554,405)	$	7.12
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2023	6,603,661	$	4.49	$	23,351
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	2,766,027	$	6.16	$	21,713
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	6,410,335	$	4.55	$	23,269

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

In June 2021 the Company's stockholders approved the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan ("2021 Plan"). The number of authorized shares in the 2021 Plan is equal to the sum of (i) 3,150,000 shares, plus (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock reserved, but unissued under the 2014 Plan; and (iii) the number of shares of Common Stock underlying forfeited awards under the 2014 Plan. On June 9, 2022, the shareholders approved an increase of shares authorized in the 2021 Plan to 5,150,000 from 3,150,000. As of June 30, 2023, there were 2,013,871 shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan.

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

Subsequent to the adoption of the 2021 Plan, no additional equity awards can be made under the terms of the 2014 Plan.

Inducement Grants

The Company issues equity awards to certain new employees as inducement grants outside of its 2021 Plan. As of June 30, 2023, an aggregate of 1,385,240 shares were issuable upon the exercise of inducement grant stock options approved by the Company.

Modification of Stock Options

In June 2023 the Company modified stock options for a departing employee. The modification resulted in an incremental stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million during the three month period ended June 30, 2023.

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Warrants

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:


	Total Warrants	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022	4,360,968	$	5.33	2.1 years


Expired	(1,553,020)	$	10.54
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2023	2,807,948	$	2.45	2.5 years

Preferred Stock

A summary of our Company's classes of preferred stock is presented below:


				Shares outstanding
Class	Par value		Shares designated	As of June 30, 2023	As of December 31, 2022
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	277,100	60,600	60,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	8,860	—	—
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	200,000	—	—
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.0001	154,670	—	—
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	865,824	—	—

Subsequent to quarter-end the Company filed a certificate of elimination and the Series B, C, D & E preferred stock have been eliminated from authorized series of preferred stock.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Executive Agreements

Certain executive agreements provide for severance payments in case of terminations without cause or certain change of control scenarios.

Research and Development Agreements

In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Cardiff Oncology refers to as onvansertib. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay development and commercial milestones, and royalties based on sales volume. These potential development milestones include: (a) dosing of the first subject in the first Phase III Clinical Trial for the first Product, a registration enabling Phase II Clinical Trial, or after completion of a Phase II Clinical Trial that is used as the basis for an NDA submission; and (b) upon filing of the first NDA or equivalent for the first product candidate. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 no milestone or royalty payments were made.

The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of oncology therapeutics. These agreements include License fees, Royalties and Milestone payments. The Company also has a legacy license agreement in the field of oncology diagnostics under which royalty payments are due. These royalty payments are calculated as a percent of revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, payments have not been material.

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Litigation

Cardiff Oncology does not believe that it has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding the future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions.

In addition, our business and financial performance may be affected by the factors that are discussed under “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on March 2, 2023. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

The following discussion and analysis is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information set forth in the financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company leveraging PLK1 inhibition, a well-validated oncology drug target, to develop novel therapies across a range of cancers with the greatest unmet medical need. Our goal is to target tumor vulnerabilities with treatment combinations of onvansertib, our oral and highly selective PLK1 inhibitor, and standard-of-care ("SoC") therapeutics. We are focusing our clinical program in indications such as RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer ("mCRC") and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ("mPDAC"), as well as in investigator-initiated trials in triple negative breast cancer ("TNBC") and small cell lung cancer ("SCLC"). Our clinical development programs incorporate tumor genomics and biomarker assays to refine assessment of patient response to treatment.

Our Lead Drug Candidate, Onvansertib

Onvansertib is an oral, small molecule drug candidate that is highly specific for PLK1 inhibition with a 24-hour half-life.

We believe the attributes of onvansertib described below, as well as clinical evidence of favorable safety and efficacy, with expected on-target, easy to manage and reversible side effects, may prove beneficial in addressing clinical therapeutic needs across a variety of cancers:

•Onvansertib is highly potent and highly selective against the PLK1 enzyme (IC50 = 2nM; IC50 is the concentration for 50% inhibition), compared to prior PLK1 inhibitors that were pan-inhibitors of several PLK targets. Low or no activity of onvansertib was observed on a panel of 63 kinases (IC50>500 nM), including the PLK members PLK2 and PLK3 (IC50>10,000 nM);

•Onvansertib is orally bioavailable, allowing for relative ease and flexibility of dosing.

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•Onvansertib has a relatively short drug half-life of 24 hours, allowing for flexible dosing and scheduling which has shown favorable safety and tolerability across multiple clinical trials;

In vitro studies have shown synergistic effects when onvansertib was administered in combination with different cytotoxic agents including microtubule-targeting agents, topoisomerase 1 inhibitors, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, proteasome inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, and androgen biosynthesis inhibitors.

In addition, in vivo combination studies have confirmed the positive results obtained in vitro and synergistic effects have been observed in xenograft models of onvansertib in combination with irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil ("5-FU"), abiraterone, PARP inhibitors, venetoclax, and paclitaxel, while additive effects in combination with cytarabine or bevacizumab have been demonstrated. Combining onvansertib with standard-of-care cancer agents provides opportunities for synergy with many cancer therapies.

There are five ongoing and planned clinical trials of onvansertib: one trial (CRDF-004) in first line treatment in patients with RAS-mutated mCRC, one trial (TROV-054) in second line treatment in patients with KRAS-mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ("mCRC"), one trial in second line treatment in patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ("mPDAC"), and two investigator-initiated trials in patients with locally advanced or metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer ("TNBC") and relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer ("SCLC").

CRDF-004 Clinical Trial in RAS-mutated mCRC

CRDF-004 is a Phase 2 open-label, randomized multi-center clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with standard-of-care FOLFIRI and bevacizumab or FOLFOX and bevacizumab for the first line treatment of patients with RAS-mutated mCRC. The primary objectives of the CRDF-004 trial are to evaluate onvansertib’s safety and efficacy in combination with the standard-of-care, as well as to evaluate two doses of onvansertib, 20mg and 30mg given in combination with standard-of-care, against standard-of-care alone. The primary endpoint of the trial is objective response rate. Progression-free survival and duration of response will be secondary endpoints. We expect to begin enrollment during the second half of 2023, with initial data anticipated in mid-2024. The trial is expected to enroll approximately 90 patients.

Phase 1b/2 Clinical Trial in KRAS-mutated mCRC

TROV-054 is a Phase 1b/2 open-label multi-center clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with standard-of-care FOLFIRI and bevacizumab for the second line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated mCRC. This trial completed enrollment in October 2022.

The primary objectives of this trial are to evaluate the Dose-Limiting Toxicities ("DLTs"), maximum tolerated dose ("MTD") and recommended Phase 2 dose ("RP2D") of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (Phase 1b) and to continue to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab patients with KRAS-mutated mCRC (Phase 2).

The scientific rationale for this clinical trial is based on the two key principles of synthetic lethality and synergy, with the objective of demonstrating a proof-of-concept of clinical benefit within this Phase 1b/2 trial. Synthetic lethality refers to a critical vulnerability to tumor cell death by way of PLK1 inhibition within CRC tumor cells harboring KRAS mutations versus KRAS wild-type isogenic cells. Synergy occurs when the combination of multiple drugs results in an unexpected greater activity than an expected additive effect of the individual drugs. Onvansertib in combination with two DNA-damaging agents, irinotecan and 5-FU (two components of FOLFIRI), demonstrated synergy in colorectal cancer cell lines and both combinations have demonstrated significantly greater tumor growth inhibition than either drug alone in CRC in vivo models. We believe this synergy occurs because PLK1 can promote the repair of DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents and by inhibiting PLK1, onvansertib leaves damaged tumor cells unable to repair DNA damage from chemotherapy and then replicate. For more information, please visit NCT03829410 at www.clinicialtrials.gov.

Data presented on August 7, 2023, provided an update of the ongoing TROV-054 Phase 1b/2 single arm clinical trial in KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer:

•Objective response rate ("ORR") across all evaluable patients was 29%, with 19 of 66 evaluable patients achieving an objective response. Responses have been observed across multiple KRAS variants;

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•Median duration of response ("mDoR") across all evaluable patients was 12.0 months (95% confidence interval ("CI"): 8.9 – not reached);

•Median progression free survival ("mPFS") across all evaluable patients was 9.3 months (95% CI: 7.8 – 14). Historical control trials of different drug combinations, including the standard-of-care ("SOC") of FOLFIRI with bevacizumab, in similar patient populations have shown ORR and mPFS of 5 – 13% and ~4.5 – 6.7 months, respectively.

•A subgroup analysis of patients who were bevacizumab naïve when they entered 2nd line therapy vs patients who had received prior bevacizumab in 1st line therapy showed that patients who were bevacizumab naïve (n=15) had an ORR of 73% and mPFS of 15 months, which is well above historical controls. In contrast, patients previously treated with bevacizumab (n=51) had an ORR of 16% and mPFS of 7.8 months.

In reviewing the TROV-054 clinical data, we originally designed the ONSEMBLE trial (CRDF-003) as the next phase of our mCRC program. Upon review of the clinical data from the bev naïve subgroup (those patients who did not receive bev in their 1st line therapy), the preclinical data on the mechanism of action and the feedback from the FDA on our clinical development strategy, we made the decision to discontinue enrollment in the ONSEMBLE trial and to initiate CRDF-004.

Phase 2 Clinical Trial in mPDAC

CRDF-001 is a Phase 2 open-label multi-center clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (Onivyde®), leucovorin, and fluorouracil for second line treatment of patients with mPDAC, which is being conducted at six clinical trial sites across the U.S. – The Mayo Clinic Cancer Centers (Arizona, Minnesota, and Florida), Kansas University Medical Center, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, and the University of Nebraska Medical Center. The first patient was dosed in June 2021.

The objective of this trial is to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of onvansertib in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (Onyvide®), 5-FU and leucovorin as a second-line treatment in patients with mPDAC who have failed 1st line gemcitabine-based therapy. The trial is expected to enroll approximately 45 patients. For more information, please visit NCT04752696 at www.clinicialtrials.gov.

Preliminary data presented on September 12, 2022 provided an update of the ongoing CRDF-001 Phase 2 open label clinical trial in mPDAC:

•Preliminary data from 5 evaluable patients showed 1 patient achieving an initial partial response ("PR") and 3 patients achieving stable disease ("SD");

•The 4 patients achieving SD or PR remain on study; the fifth evaluable patient discontinued treatment due to disease progression and an additional 3 patients remain on study awaiting their first post-baseline scan;

•Additional data is expected in mid-2023.

Phase 1b/2 Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial in TNBC

A single-arm, Phase 1b/2 trial of onvansertib in combination with paclitaxel in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC is open for enrollment at Dana Farber Cancer Institute ("DFCI"). In Phase 1b, approximately 14-16 patients will be treated with different doses of onvansertib in combination with a fixed dose of paclitaxel to determine the maximum tolerated dose and RP2D of onvansertib. In Phase 2, approximately 34 patients will be treated with the selected onvansertib RP2D in combination with paclitaxel.

The primary endpoint of Phase 2 of the trial is ORR, with PFS included as a secondary endpoint. Preliminary data from the trial are expected in the fourth-quarter of 2023 or first-quarter of 2024. For more information, please visit NCT05383196 at www.clinicialtrials.gov.

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Phase 2 Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial in SCLC

A single-arm, two-stage, Phase 2 trial of onvansertib monotherapy in patients with relapsed SCLC is open for enrollment at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center ("UPMC"). The trial is designed to enroll 15 patients in Stage 1, with the study proceeding to Stage 2 if 2 or more Stage 1 patients achieve an objective response. Stage 2 is designed to enroll an additional 20 patients. The primary endpoint of the trial is ORR, while key secondary endpoints include PFS and overall survival. Preliminary data from the trial are expected in mid-2023. For more information, please visit NCT05450965 at www.clinicialtrials.gov.

Recent Updates

Pfizer Ignite to Conduct CRDF-004 Clinical Trial

Pfizer Ignite will conduct the clinical activities of our new CRDF-004 trial in 1st line RAS-mutated mCRC, which expands the relationship established in November 2021 when Pfizer made an investment in Cardiff Oncology through its Pfizer Breakthrough Growth Initiative. Pfizer VP and Development head Adam Schayowitz sits on the Cardiff Oncology Scientific Advisory Board.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting policies are described in ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2022.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenues

Total revenues were $108,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $91,000 for the prior period. Revenues are from our sales-based or usage-based royalties on other intellectual property licenses, unrelated to onvansertib. Revenue recognition of the royalty depends on the timing and overall sales activities of the licensees.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consisted of the following:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs	$	1,487	$	1,069	$	418
Stock-based compensation	297		126		171
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies	5,670		5,903		(233)


Facilities and other	566		350		216
Total research and development	$	8,020	$	7,448	$	572

Research and development expenses increased by $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. The overall increase in expenses was primarily related to salaries and staff costs from additional hires in senior management and our clinical operations team (research and development average headcount grew by 35% over the comparative period). The increase in facilities and other is primarily due to increased allocation of facilities cost resulting from headcount growth compared to the prior period. The decrease in clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies was primarily related to costs incurred in the prior period related to CMC and clinical pharmacology for studies to support the development of our lead drug candidate, onvansertib.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs	$	1,358	$	792	$	566

Stock-based compensation	1,284		929		355
Outside services and professional fees	1,070		673		397



Facilities and other	584		692		(108)
Total selling, general and administrative	$	4,296	$	3,086	$	1,210

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Salaries and staff costs increased due to an employee severance agreement. The increase in outside services and professional fees was due to additional contract review legal fees, public relations and external accounting fees.

Interest Income, Net

Interest income, net was $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to $0.3 million for the same period of 2022. The increase in interest income was primarily due to higher interest rates on our short-term investments portfolio for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same period of 2022.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenues

Total revenues were $191,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $165,000 for the same period in 2022. Revenues are from our sales-based or usage-based royalties on other intellectual property licenses, unrelated to onvansertib. Revenue recognition of the royalty depends on the timing and overall sales activities of the licensees.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consisted of the following:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs	$	2,860	$	2,130	$	730
Stock-based compensation	691		460		231
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies	12,515		11,419		1,096


Facilities and other	1,006		647		359
Total research and development	$	17,072	$	14,656	$	2,416

Research and development expenses increased by $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. The overall increase in expenses was primarily due to costs associated with clinical programs and outside service costs related to the development of our lead drug candidate, onvansertib. Salaries and staff costs increased primarily from additional hires in senior management and our clinical operations team (research and development average headcount grew by 30% over the comparative period). The increase in facilities and other is primarily due to increased allocation of facilities cost resulting from headcount growth compared to the prior period.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs	$	2,157	$	1,652	$	505

Stock-based compensation	1,954		1,747		207
Outside services and professional fees	2,091		2,279		(188)



Facilities and other	1,177		1,348		(171)
Total selling, general and administrative	$	7,379	$	7,026	$	353

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Salaries and staff costs increased due to an employee severance agreement.

Interest Income, Net

Interest income, net was $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to $0.4 million for the same period of 2022. The increase in interest income was primarily due to higher interest rates on our short-term investments portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same period of 2022.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was $15.8 million, compared to $16.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Our use of cash was primarily a result of the net loss of $22.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, adjusted for non-cash items related to stock-based compensation of $2.6 million. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities decreased cash used in operations by $4.2 million. At our current and anticipated level of operating loss, we expect to continue to incur an operating cash outflow for the next several years.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $18.8 million primarily related to sales and maturities in excess of purchases of marketable securities for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $26.0 million primarily related to sales and maturities in excess of purchases of marketable securities during the same period in 2022.

Net cash provided in financing activities was $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.

As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had working capital of $83.6 million and $103.5 million, respectively.

We have incurred net losses since our inception and have negative operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2023, we had $89.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and we believe we have sufficient cash to meet our funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on our current projections we expect that our capital resources are sufficient to fund our operations into 2025.

Our drug development efforts are in their early stages, and we cannot make estimates of the costs or the time that our development efforts will take to complete, or the timing and amount of revenues related to the sale of our drug candidates. The risk of completion of any program is high because of the many uncertainties involved in developing new drug candidates to market, including the long duration of clinical testing, the specific performance of proposed products under stringent clinical trial protocols, extended regulatory approval and review cycles, our ability to raise additional capital, the nature and timing of research and development expenses, and competing technologies being developed by organizations with significantly greater resources.

For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance our clinical trial programs and support our other operations. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional dilution.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have performed an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer (CEO) and principal financial officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2023, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2023, that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit Number						Description of Exhibit




10.1#						Development Agreement between Cardiff Oncology, Inc. and Pfizer, Inc. dated June 30, 2023 .

31.1						Certification of Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act.

31.2						Certification of Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act.

32.1						Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2						Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase

101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, is formatted in Inline XBRL

# Portions of this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been redacted in compliance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10)(iv).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

August 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Mark Erlander
		Mark Erlander
		Chief Executive Officer

	CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.

August 9, 2023	By:	/s/ James Levine
		James Levine
		Chief Financial Officer

Confidential


[*]			Certain information in this document has been omitted from this exhibit because it is both (i) not material and (ii) would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.

DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT

This Development Agreement (“Agreement”) is made as of this 30th day of June, 2023 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Cardiff Oncology, Inc., a corporation formed under the laws of Delaware and having a principal place of business at 11055 Flintkote Avenue, San Diego, CA 92121 (“Company”) and Pfizer Inc., a Corporation formed under the laws of Delaware and having a principal place of business at 66 Hudson Boulevard East, New York, NY 10001-2192, on behalf of itself and any one or more of its Affiliates that conducts activities hereunder (collectively, “Pfizer” and along with Company, the “Parties” and each, a “Party”).

A. Company is in the business of developing therapeutic products; and

B. Company and Pfizer desire that Pfizer assist Company in the development of the Products (as defined in the applicable Statement of Work (as defined in Section 1.2)) on the terms set forth in this Agreement and that certain Information Rights Agreement dated November 17, 2021 by and between the Parties or their designated Affiliates, as amended by that certain Amendment to the Information Rights Agreement, dated on or around the date hereof (such agreement, as may be amended from time to time, the “Information Rights Agreement”) as part of Pfizer’s Ignite Program.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants set forth below and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, Pfizer and Company agree as follows:

1.Agreement and Statements of Work.

1.1.Scope of Agreement. As a master form of contract, this Agreement allows the Parties to contract for one or more projects (each, a “Project”) by executing one or more Statements of Work without having to re-negotiate the basic terms and conditions contained herein. Pfizer will perform, or will cause an Affiliate (as defined in Section 1.4) to perform, the services described in this Agreement and the Statements of Work (collectively, the “Services”), including the delivery of any deliverables described in any Statement of Work (the “Deliverables”), subject to the terms and conditions herein. Neither Party is obligated to enter into any Statement of Work.

1.2.Statements of Work. The specific details of the Services for each Project will be set forth in a Statement of Work signed by the Parties or their respective Affiliates in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-1 (each such “Statement of Work” executed by the Parties, a “Statement of Work”). The initial Statement of Work is attached as Exhibit A hereto as of the Effective Date. Each Statement of Work will include the scope of Services, schedule, budget, and payment terms for a particular Project. Each Statement of Work will be subject to all terms and conditions of this Agreement, in addition to the specific details set forth in such Statement of Work. The terms of each Statement of Work will only apply to the Project set forth therein. To the extent any terms or provisions of a Statement of Work conflict with the terms and provisions of this Agreement, the terms and provisions of this Agreement will control, unless the Statement of Work expressly provides that the Parties intend to override a provision of this Agreement. Any amendment to this Agreement will apply to all Statements of Work. Any amendment or modification to a specific Statement of Work will apply solely to that Statement of Work.

1.3.Change Orders. To the extent any change in the details of a Statement of Work or the assumptions upon which the Statement of Work is based require changes in the budget or schedule of a Project, Pfizer and Company will negotiate such changes diligently and in good faith, and execute a written amendment to such Statement of Work on a form substantially similar to Exhibit B (each, a “Change Order”). Neither Party will have an obligation to amend a Statement of Work until and unless the Parties agree to and execute the corresponding Change Order.

1.4.Relationship with Affiliates and Subcontractors. Pfizer may use the services of its Affiliates or, upon prior written notice to Company, the services of Third Party subcontractors to fulfill Pfizer’s obligations under this Agreement or any Statement of Work. Without limiting the foregoing, and notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Pfizer may use Pfizer’s staff augmentation services (i.e., a certain pool of

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Third Party professionals who are integrated into Pfizer’s systems and trained on Pfizer protocols, work flows, and processes) to fulfill Pfizer’s obligations under this Agreement or any Statement of Work, without requiring notice to, or the consent of, Company. In any case, Pfizer will ensure that any Third Party subcontractors engaged by Pfizer to perform Services shall comply with the terms of this Agreement. Any Affiliate of either Party may enter into a Statement of Work directly with the other Party or its Affiliate; provided, however that each Party will remain responsible and retain primary liability for all of its obligations and activities under any Statement of Work entered into by its Affiliate or Third Party subcontractor. “Affiliate” means, with respect to a Party, all entities or individuals Controlling, Controlled by or under common Control with a Party. “Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of 50% or more of the share capital or voting rights of a Party, or of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Party, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. “Third Party” means any individual or entity other than a Party or its Affiliate.

1.5.Clinical Trial Agreements. Pfizer shall be responsible for the negotiation and administration of all clinical trial agreements with Third Party clinical trial sites or investigators.

2.Project Management.

2.1.Project Teams; Project Manager. On a Project-by-Project basis, Pfizer and Company will each designate, and identify in the applicable Statement of Work, such of their respective employees from product development, quality assurance, manufacturing, and project management to form a team (“Project Team”) to direct the activities to be carried out under such Statement of Work. Further, on a Project-by-Project basis, each Party will also designate, and identify in the applicable Statement of Work, one of its employees to act as its project manager (each, a “Project Manager”), who will be primarily responsible for communicating all instructions and information concerning the applicable Project to the members of the applicable Project Team. The applicable Project Team and Project Managers will consult periodically during the performance of each Project, through face-to-face meetings, telephone conferences, or videoconferences, at times to be mutually agreed upon by the applicable Project Managers. Either Party may replace a Project Manager or one or more members of each Project Team at any time. Neither the Project Managers nor the Project Teams will have the right to modify, amend, or waive any provision of this Agreement.

2.2.Advisory Committee. Upon mutual agreement of the Parties, Pfizer and Company will jointly constitute a team (“Advisory Committee”) comprised of an equal number of members designated by each Party but, in any event, not less than two members from each Party (or such number as the Parties mutually agree). The Advisory Committee will promptly meet upon mutual agreement of the Parties to address any relevant issue such Party wishes to call to the attention of the Advisory Committee, including any unresolved dispute referred by the Project Managers, to review past performance on mutually agreed upon metrics, discuss future partnership objectives, and to oversee the relationship between Company and Pfizer. For clarity, the Parties agree that all day-to-day issues will be brought before the applicable Project Team. The Advisory Committee will be considered an advisory committee, without the ability to modify, amend, or waive any provision of this Agreement, and will have as its goal to facilitate prompt and mutually agreeable resolution of any financial, technical, or quality issues that may arise in order to advance and preserve a harmonious relationship established by and between Pfizer and Company. Either Party may change its representatives on the Advisory Committee at any time by written notice to the other Party.

3.Performance of Services.

3.1.Performance Standard. Pfizer will use reasonable efforts to conduct its obligations with respect to each Project as set forth in the applicable Statement of Work. However, the Parties acknowledge and agree that neither of them can guarantee that a Project will be successful, nor guarantee any specific scientific results or outcomes, nor warrant that a marketable Product will result from any Project. Pfizer will conduct the Services (a) in a good and workmanlike manner in material compliance with all applicable federal, state, local, and international equivalent laws, rules, guidances, policies, regulations, industry standards, and administrative requirements (including applicable cGLP, cGCP, and cGMP standards) (“Applicable Law”) in the territory set forth in the applicable Statement of Work and (b) with a reasonable standard of care customary for Pfizer and in accordance with the standard operating procedures of Pfizer, and in accordance with Applicable Law and professional standards consistent with Good Clinical Practices and with the generally accepted professional standards of care customary in the performance of clinical research. The Parties will reasonably cooperate with each other to conduct any technology transfer from Company to Pfizer in connection with the initiation of any Services. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision to the contrary herein or in any Statement of Work, Pfizer will not have an obligation to perform a Service if

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Pfizer reasonably believes that providing such Service would (x) result in a breach of this Agreement or a failure to comply with Applicable Law, (y) result in a safety issue affecting those conducting the Services or patients, or (z) infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate a Third Party’s intellectual property rights; provided, that Pfizer shall promptly, but within no less than * business days for any safety-related issues and * business days in all other cases, notify the Advisory Committee (if it is then in place) and Company of its concerns and discuss with the Company potential resolutions for any issues preventing Pfizer from performing a Service. Pfizer will be responsible for its personnel obtaining all professional licenses, consents, authorizations, permits and certificates as required by Applicable Law for its performance of the Services.

3.2.Project Materials. Company will be responsible for providing Pfizer with all Project Materials (as defined in this Section 3.2) set forth in the applicable Statement of Work for use in the conduct of the Services, except as otherwise set forth in such Statement of Work. Company will, at its cost, deliver Project Materials DDP (Incoterms 2020) to the applicable Pfizer facility at such times and in such quantities and conforming to such criteria as specified in the applicable Statement of Work or otherwise reasonably requested in advance and in writing by Pfizer. Company will provide to Pfizer, prior to delivering any Project Materials, all applicable safety data sheets, environmental and safety information, handling instructions, and other documentation necessary to safely handle and maintain the Project Materials. Pfizer will not be responsible for any delays arising out of Company’s failure to timely provide to Pfizer all Project Materials or other information or materials reasonably required to perform the Services, and Company will be responsible for additional costs and expenses arising out of such delay. Company hereby grants to Pfizer, during the Term, a non-exclusive, fully paid up, royalty-free, non-transferable (except in connection with an assignment of this Agreement), worldwide license, with the right to grant sublicenses through multiple tiers, under all rights, title, and interests in and to the Project Materials and all intellectual property rights therein, solely to perform the Services. “Project Materials” means any and all materials to be provided by or on behalf of Company under a Statement of Work, including the “Key Project Materials” that are specified in the applicable Statement of Work.

3.3.Storage. In the event that any Project Materials remain in Pfizer’s possession after the expiration or earlier termination of all Statements of Work for which they are provided, then, unless the Parties mutually agree otherwise within * days following such expiration or earlier termination, Pfizer may elect, upon notice to Company, to (a) return such Project Materials at Company’s expense, (b) destroy such Project Materials at Company’s expense, or (c) continue to store such Project Materials subject to payment by Company of Pfizer’s then-applicable rates for such storage.

3.4.Regulatory Matters. As between the Parties, Company will be responsible for obtaining, at its expense, all regulatory and governmental approvals and permits necessary for Company’s use of any Product developed or manufactured in the conduct of Services, including investigational new drug application, biologics license application, new drug application, and abbreviated new drug application submissions, and any analogous submissions filed with a regulatory authority outside the United States.

3.5.Deliverables; Records. Subject to Company’s compliance with its payment obligations in Article 5 of this Agreement and the applicable Statement of Work, Pfizer will deliver to Company all Deliverables in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and each applicable Statement of Work and quality agreement.

3.6.Privacy and Information Security. The Parties will negotiate and enter into an appropriate data protection addendum promptly following the Effective Date and to be incorporated into this Agreement as Exhibit C.

4.Audits; Regulatory Inspections.

4.1.General Company Audits. During the Term, Pfizer will permit Company’s employees and consultants (collectively, “Representatives”), other than any Third Party Representative that is a competitor of Pfizer or any of its Affiliates, to examine or audit the Services and the facilities at which the Services are conducted during regular business hours solely to determine whether all Projects are being conducted in accordance with this Agreement and the applicable Statement of Work and quality agreement between the Parties and whether the facilities utilized are in compliance with Applicable Law. Prior to any such audit, all Representatives conducting such audit, other than Company’s employees, will enter into a confidentiality agreement with Pfizer on terms at least as stringent as the confidentiality terms herein. Subject to Pfizer’s obligations of confidentiality to other customers and Third Parties, Pfizer will reasonably cooperate with Company’s audits by making relevant resources available to Company for audit, including Pfizer’s relevant physical facilities and a reasonable number of Pfizer’s employees as mutually agreed on by the Parties.

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Such audits (a) will require at least four days’ prior written notice to Pfizer for For-Cause Audits (defined below) and otherwise at least * days’ prior written notice to Pfizer, (b) will be limited to not more than * auditors in toto designated by or representing Company, (c) will last for not more than * days for For-Cause Audits and otherwise * days, (d) may be conducted not more than * time per every * calendar months unless such audit is a For-Cause Audit, and (e) may be conducted remotely. A “For-Cause Audit” is a “for-cause” audit to address significant product or safety concerns as discovered through product failures or otherwise, and related to Pfizer’s manufacture of a Product or the conduct of activities or performance of Services under a Statement of Work or quality agreement between the Parties. Product failures include issues related to stability, out of specification, sterility, labeling, or container integrity.

4.2.Audit Reports. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, all reports and financial information of Pfizer, its Affiliates or subcontractors which are provided to or subject to review by Company or its Representative under Section 4.1 or Section 5.6 will be deemed to be Pfizer’s Confidential Information and subject to the provisions of Section 11. Company agrees it will not share any such reports or financial information with a Third Party without Pfizer’s prior written consent. Pfizer and its Affiliates and subcontractors will have no obligation to provide reports or financial information to Company or its Representatives except as required by this Agreement.

4.3.Regulatory Inspections. Pfizer will allow the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and any other applicable regulatory authority to conduct any Pre-Approval Inspection (“PAI”) or any other inspection relating to the Services of the Pfizer facility in which any Services are conducted, and Pfizer agrees to cooperate with the FDA and any other relevant regulatory authority in connection with such inspection. Pfizer will provide Company with notice of any PAI or other inspection to the extent relating to the Services immediately upon receipt of such notice from FDA or any other applicable regulatory authority. Pfizer shall promptly notify Company if the FDA or any other relevant regulatory agency requests to inspect any books, records, data or other information of Company relating to the Services, and, unless prohibited by Applicable Law, shall promptly share the results and all relevant documentation and findings of any such inspection with Company.

5.Payments.

5.1.Service Fees. Company will pay Pfizer for all Services performed under this Agreement and any Statement of Work in accordance with the budget and payment schedule for such Services set forth in each applicable Statement of Work, including any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred by Pfizer as identified in a Statement of Work if applicable (“Service Fees”). All out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Pfizer must be accompanied by appropriate documentary evidence, such as receipts or other documentation as requested by Company. The Service Fees for Services performed a Statement of Work will be set forth in the applicable Statement of Work and may only be amended through a mutually agreed written amendment to the Statement of Work or a Change Order.

5.2.Invoices. Pfizer will invoice Company for Service Fees in accordance with the budget and payment schedule set forth in the applicable Statement of Work. Company will pay all undisputed invoice amounts to Pfizer within * days of receipt. In the event of a good faith dispute between the Parties as to the amount due, Company will pay the undisputed amount when due and the Parties will attempt to resolve the disputed payment within * days of the due date. If Company fails to pay any undisputed sum due under this Agreement in full by the due date for payment then, save where there is a good faith dispute over the amount owed, Pfizer may charge interest on any outstanding amount at a rate equivalent to the lower of (a) * per cent (*%) per annum and (b) the maximum rate allowed by Applicable Law. Such interest shall accrue on a daily basis from the date when payment was due until the date of actual payment of the overdue amount, whether before or after judgment.

5.3.Taxes.

(a)General. It is understood and agreed between the Parties that any payments made under this Agreement are exclusive of any value added or similar tax (“VAT”), which shall be added thereon as applicable. In the event any payments made by one Party to the other Party pursuant to this Agreement become subject to withholding taxes under the laws or regulation of any jurisdiction, the paying Party shall deduct and withhold the amount of such taxes for the account of the receiving Party to the extent required by Applicable Law and such amounts payable to the receiving Party shall be reduced by the amount of taxes deducted and withheld, which shall be treated as paid to the receiving Party in accordance with this Agreement. To the extent that the paying Party is required to deduct and withhold taxes on any payments under this Agreement, the

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paying Party shall pay the amounts of such taxes to the proper governmental authority in a timely manner and promptly transmit to the receiving Party an official tax certificate or other evidence of such withholding sufficient to enable the receiving Party to claim such payments of taxes. The receiving Party shall provide any tax forms to the paying Party that may be reasonably necessary in order for the paying Party not to withhold tax or to withhold tax at a reduced rate under an applicable bilateral income tax treaty. Each Party shall provide the other with reasonable assistance to enable the recovery, as permitted by Applicable Law, of withholding taxes, VAT, or similar obligations resulting from payments made under this Agreement, such recovery to be for the benefit of the Party bearing such withholding tax or VAT.

(b)Tax Actions. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if an action, including but not limited to any assignment or sublicense of its rights or obligations under this Agreement, or any failure to comply with Applicable Laws or filing or record retention requirements (a “Tax Action”) by a Party leads to the imposition of withholding tax liability or VAT on the other Party that would not have been imposed in the absence of a Tax Action or in an increase in such liability above the liability that would have been imposed in the absence of such Tax Action, then (i) the sum payable by the Party that caused the Tax Action (in respect of which such deduction or withholding is required to be made) shall be increased to the extent necessary to ensure that the other Party receives a sum equal to the sum which it would have received had no Tax Action occurred and (ii) the sum payable by the Party that caused a Tax Action (in respect of which such deduction or withholding is required to be made) shall be made to the other Party after deduction of the amount required to be so deducted or withheld, which deducted or withheld amount shall be remitted in accordance with Applicable Law. For the avoidance of doubt, a Party shall only be liable for increased payments pursuant to this Section to the extent such Party engaged in a Tax Action that created or increased a withholding tax or VAT on the other Party.

(c)Cooperation. The Parties agree to cooperate and produce on a timely basis any tax forms or reports, including an IRS Form W-8BEN, reasonably requested by the other Party in connection with any payment made by Company to Pfizer under this Agreement.

5.4.Currency; Blocked Payments. All consideration due to Pfizer will be payable and will be made in United States dollars by wire transfer to an account designated by Pfizer. Company is responsible for all bank or other transfer charges.

5.5.Final Reconciliation. Within * days after the conclusion of the Services for each Statement of Work, or termination of this Agreement or any applicable Statement of Work pursuant to Section 12.3(a), Pfizer will submit to Company a final invoice with a reconciliation of all amounts invoiced by Pfizer and all payments made by Company, with appropriate supporting documentation. Pfizer will refund any overpayment by Company within * days after receipt by Company of such reconciliation, and Company will pay Pfizer any underpayment by Company within * days after receipt by Company of such final invoice.

5.6.Financial Audits. No more than once during any *-month period during the Term, Pfizer will permit an independent certified public accounting firm of nationally recognized standing selected by Company and reasonably acceptable to Pfizer to audit Pfizer’s relevant books and records, at Company’s sole cost and expense (provided, that if the audit reveals an overcharge of more than the greater of *% of audited payments or $*, then the costs of the audit will be borne by Pfizer), solely as required to confirm Pfizer’s compliance with the terms of Article 5. Each such audit may only take place during regular business hours following at least * days’ prior written notice to Pfizer. Prior to conducting any such audit, the applicable auditor will be required to enter into a confidentiality agreement with Pfizer on terms at least as stringent as the confidentiality terms herein. Each such auditor is not permitted to share any portion of Pfizer’s books and records with Company or its Affiliates and may only report to Company whether Pfizer is in compliance with the terms of Article 5. Upon completion of the audit, the accounting firm will provide both Pfizer and Company a written report disclosing any discrepancies in the books and records submitted by Pfizer, and, in each case, the specific details concerning any discrepancies. No other information will be provided to Company.

6.Intellectual Property.

6.1.Ownership. As between the Parties, each Party will own all rights, title, and interests in and to its Background IP. As between the Parties, and in each case subject to the terms of each applicable Statement of Work: (a) Pfizer will own all rights, title, and interests in and to all Foreground Know-How that is an improvement or modification to any of Pfizer’s Background IP (“Pfizer Foreground Know-How”) and all

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Foreground Patent Rights that claim Pfizer Foreground Know-How (“Pfizer Foreground Patent Rights”) and (b) Company will own all rights, title and interests in and to all Foreground Know-How that is not Pfizer Foreground Know-How (“Company Foreground Know-How”), all Foreground Patent Rights that claim Company Foreground Know-How (“Company Foreground Patent Rights”), and all Deliverables. Each Party hereby assigns and agrees to assign, and will ensure that its employees, agents, representatives, Affiliates, and subcontractors assign, to the other Party all of its rights, title, and interests in and to all Foreground Know-How and Foreground Patent Rights that are owned by the other Party pursuant to this Section 6.1 or the relevant terms of the applicable Statement of Work. For clarity, Pfizer hereby assigns and agrees to assign, and will ensure that its employees, agents, representatives, Affiliates, and subcontractors assign, to Company all of its and their rights, title, and interests in and to all Company Foreground Know-How and Company Foreground Patent Rights; and Company hereby assigns and agrees to assign, and will ensure that its employees, agents, representatives, and Affiliates assign, to Pfizer all of its and their rights, title, and interests in and to all Pfizer Foreground Know-How and Pfizer Foreground Patent Rights. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for certain types of Services the ownership of Foreground Know-How and Foreground Patent Rights arising from the conduct of such Services may be subject to different terms, as set forth in the applicable Statement of Work, in which case such terms will control the ownership of such intellectual property rights.

“Background IP” means, with respect to a Party, (a) all Know-How, other than Foreground Know-How and (b) all Patent Rights, other than Foreground Patent Rights, that, in each case ((a) and (b)), such Party or any of its Affiliates controls as of the Effective Date or that comes into the control of such Party or any of its Affiliates during the Term as a result of activities outside of a Statement of Work, and includes any Background IP identified in a Statement of Work.

“Foreground Know-How” means all Know-How created by or on behalf of either Party or both Parties in the conduct of activities under this Agreement or any Statement of Work, and “Foreground Patent Rights” means any Patent Right that claims any Foreground Know-How.

“Know-How” means any (a) proprietary scientific or business information or materials, including records, improvements, modifications, techniques, assays, designs, protocols, formulas, data (including physical data, chemical data, toxicology data, animal data, raw data, clinical data, and analytical and quality control data), dosage regimens, control assays, product specifications, marketing, pricing and distribution costs, inventions, algorithms, technology, forecasts, profiles, strategies, plans, results in any form whatsoever, know-how, and trade secrets (in each case, whether or not patentable, copyrightable, or otherwise protectable), and (b) any information embodied in chemical or biological materials or physical embodiments of any of the foregoing, in each case ((a) and (b)), other than any Patent Rights.

“Patent Rights” means any and all (a) patents, (b) patent applications, including all provisional and non-provisional applications, patent cooperation treaty (PCT) applications, substitutions, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisions and renewals, and all patent rights granted thereon, (c) all patents-of-addition, reissues, re-examinations, and extensions or restorations by existing or future extension or restoration mechanisms, including supplementary protection certificates, patent term extensions, and equivalents thereof, (d) inventor’s certificates, letters patent, or (e) any other substantially equivalent form of government issued right substantially similar to any of the foregoing described in subsections (a) through (d) above, anywhere in the world.

6.2.Licenses. Company hereby grants to Pfizer and its Affiliates, during the Term, a non-exclusive, fully paid up, royalty-free, worldwide, non-transferable (except in connection with an assignment of this Agreement) license, with the right to grant sublicenses through multiple tiers, under Company’s Background IP, Company Foreground Know-How, and Company Foreground Patent Rights solely to conduct Pfizer’s obligations and perform the Services under this Agreement and any Statement of Work. In addition, each Statement of Work may provide for additional licenses from Company to Pfizer. In the event that Pfizer incorporates any Pfizer Foreground Know-How or Pfizer Foreground Patent Rights into any Deliverable provided to Company in accordance with the terms of a Statement of Work, Pfizer will and does hereby grant to Company, solely to the extent Pfizer has the right to grant such license, a non-exclusive, perpetual, fully paid up, royalty-free, worldwide license, with the right to grant sublicenses through multiple tiers, under such Pfizer Foreground Know-How or Pfizer Foreground Patent Rights solely to make, have made, use, have used, sell, have sold, offer for sale, import or otherwise exploit such Deliverable. Neither Company nor Pfizer has granted any right or license to any proprietary technology, Know-How, Patent Right, or other proprietary rights under this Agreement, either expressly or by implication, except those specifically set forth herein.

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6.3.Use of Software. To the extent Company uses, or has access to, any software provided by Pfizer or its Affiliates hereunder, Company will not, and will ensure that its employees, agents, representatives, Affiliates, (sub)licensees, and subcontractors do not, copy, recreate, disassemble, modify, translate, decompile or reverse engineer such software or attempt to do any of the foregoing. Pfizer agrees that it will not copy, share, allow access to or otherwise disseminate any clinical trial data or outputs from the clinical trials conducted pursuant to the Services under this Agreement or any Statement of Work to any person outside of those personnel performing activities under this Agreement on a need-to-know basis.

7.Representations and Warranties; Covenants.

7.1.Representations and Warranties. Each Party hereby represents and warrants to the other Party as of the Effective Date that it (a) has the full right and authority to enter into this Agreement, extend the rights and licenses granted to the other Party in this Agreement, and fully perform its obligations hereunder, and (b) has not made any commitments to others in material conflict with or in material derogation of such rights or this Agreement. Company further represents and warrants that, to the best of its knowledge, use of any Project Materials or other materials that Company instructs Pfizer to use in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (y) do not and will not infringe any issued patent of any Third Party and (z) will not infringe the claims of any published Third Party patent application when and if such claims issue. Neither Party makes any representation or warranty with respect to the development or approval of any Product by any regulatory authority. Except as expressly set forth in this Section 7.1, each Party expressly disclaims any and all warranties of any kind, express or implied, including the warranties of design, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of the intellectual property rights of Third Parties. A Party will promptly notify the other, in writing, of any change to the truth of a representation or warranty herein.

7.2.Debarment. Each Party hereby represents and warrants to the other Party that none of such Party nor any of such Party’s personnel conducting activities under this Agreement and, with respect to Pfizer, none of Pfizer’s Affiliates or its subcontractors nor their personnel conducting activities under this Agreement (a) is under investigation by the FDA, or other equivalent agency for debarment action, or other Applicable Law of any countries under which such Party or its relevant Affiliates is registered and licensed, (b) has a disqualification hearing pending or has been disqualified by the FDA or other applicable agency, including by the FDA under Section 306(a) and (b) of the U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or (c) has been convicted of a crime for which a person or entity can be debarred under Applicable Law. Each Party covenants that it will not knowingly employ any person or entity that has been so debarred to conduct any activities under this Agreement. If during the Term a Party becomes aware that a Party or any personnel retained by it to conduct activities under this Agreement (x) comes under investigation by the FDA, or other applicable agency for debarment or disqualification, (y) is debarred or disqualified, or (z) engages in any conduct or activity which could lead to any of the above mentioned disqualification or debarment actions, such Party will immediately notify the other Party, in writing, of the same.

7.3.Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption. Each Party hereby represents, warrants, and covenants that:

(a)It acknowledges that most countries have anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, including, to the extent applicable, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, which forbid the making, offering or promising of any payment or anything of value to government officials, or other persons, when the payment is intended to influence any act or decision to award or retain business and it represents, and warrants it implements policies and procedures consistent with complying with such laws and that it will raise to the other Party any concerns related to a potential violation of anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

(b)It is and will remain licensed, registered, or qualified under local law, regulations, policies, and administrative requirements to do business and, to the extent required by Applicable Law, has obtained licenses or completed such registrations as may be necessary or required by law to provide the goods or services described herein, and providing such goods or services is not inconsistent with any other obligation.

(c)It has not and will not in the future directly, or indirectly, offer or pay, or authorize the offer or payment, of any money or anything of value in an effort to influence any government official or any other person in order for the other Party to improperly obtain or retain business or to gain an improper business advantage, and, has not accepted, and will not accept in the future, such a payment.

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7.4.Global Trade Controls Laws. Each Party hereby represents, warrants, and covenants that:

(a)It will comply with all Global Trade Control Laws. “Global Trade Control Laws” means the U.S. Export Administration Regulations; the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations; the U.S. economic sanctions rules and regulations implemented under statutory authority or the President's Executive Orders and administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control; European Union (E.U.) Council Regulations on export controls, including Nos.428/2009, 267/2012; other E.U. Council sanctions regulations, as implemented in E.U. Member States; United Nations sanctions policies; all relevant regulations and legislative instruments made under any of the above; other relevant economic sanctions, export and import control laws, and other laws, regulations, legislation, orders and requirements imposed by a relevant governmental entity.

(b)Activities under this Agreement will not take place in, involve companies, organizations, or governmental entities from, nor involve individuals ordinarily resident in, a Restricted Market. “Restricted Market” means the Crimean Peninsula, Cuba, the Donbass Region, Iran, North Korea, Russia, Belarus, the “Luhansk People’s Republic,” the “Donetsk People’s Republic,” and Syria, or any other country or region sanctioned by the United States, the United Kingdom or European Union.

(c)It is not, and will not be, (i) a Restricted Party or (ii) owned or controlled by a Restricted Party. “Restricted Party” means an individual or entity on the list of sanctioned entities maintained by the United Nations; the Specially Designated Nationals List and the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications List of the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control; the U.S. Denied Persons List, the U.S. Entity List, and the U.S. Unverified List of the U.S. Department of Commerce; entities subject to restrictive measures and the Consolidated List of Persons, Groups and Entities Subject to E.U. Financial Sanctions, as implemented by the E.U. Common Foreign and Security Policy; the List of Excluded Individuals / Entities published by the U.S. Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General; any lists of prohibited or debarred parties established under the U.S. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act; the list of parties suspended or debarred from contracting with the U.S. government; and similar lists of restricted parties maintained by the governmental entities of the countries that have jurisdiction over the activities conducted under this Agreement.

(d)It will not knowingly transfer any goods, software, technology, or services to the other party that are (i) controlled under the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations or at a level other than EAR99 under the U.S. Export Administration Regulations; or (ii) specifically identified as an E.U. Dual Use Item or on an applicable export control list of another country.

(e)It will not engage or delegate any activities under this Agreement to a Restricted Party.

8.Limitation of Liability.

8.1.NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS AGREEMENT, OTHER THAN WITH RESPECT TO (I) THE APPLICABLE PARTY’S BREACH OF SECTION 11, (II) THE APPLICABLE PARTY’S INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, (III) PFIZER’S BREACH OF EXHIBIT C, OR (IV) A SECURITY INCIDENT INVOLVING COMPANY’S DATA, NEITHER PARTY WILL BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, OR MULTIPLE DAMAGES ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR THE EXERCISE OF ITS RIGHTS OR OBLIGATIONS HEREUNDER OR FOR LOST PROFITS ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF, AND REGARDLESS OF THE LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY (CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE).

8.2.NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS AGREEMENT, OTHER THAN WITH RESPECT TO (i) PFIZER’S INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, (ii) PFIZER’S BREACH OF SECTION 11, (iii) PFIZER’S BREACH OF EXHIBIT C, OR (iv) A SECURITY INCIDENT INVOLVING COMPANY’S DATA, IN NO EVENT WILL (I) PFIZER’S LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES FOR ANY CLAIM UNDER THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO THE TOTAL VALUE OF CONSIDERATION PAID TO PFIZER UNDER THE STATEMENT OF WORK APPLICABLE TO SUCH CLAIM PRIOR TO THE DATE ON WHICH

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THE APPLICABLE CLAIM AROSE, (II) PFIZER’S TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ALL CLAIMS IN CONNECTION WITH A STATEMENT OF WORK EXCEED AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO THE TOTAL VALUE OF ALL CONSIDERATION PAID TO PFIZER UNDER SUCH STATEMENT OF WORK, AND (III) PFIZER’S TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ALL CLAIMS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO THE TOTAL VALUE OF ALL CONSIDERATION PAID TO PFIZER UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.

8.3.NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS AGREEMENT, OTHER THAN WITH RESPECT TO (i) COMPANY’S INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, (ii) COMPANY’S BREACH OF SECTION 11 AND (iii) COMPANY’S BREACH OF ITS PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY STATEMENT OF WORK, IN NO EVENT WILL (I) COMPANY’S LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES FOR ANY CLAIM UNDER THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO * TIMES THE TOTAL VALUE OF CONSIDERATION PAID OR PAYABLE TO PFIZER UNDER THE STATEMENT OF WORK APPLICABLE TO SUCH CLAIM PRIOR TO THE DATE ON WHICH THE APPLICABLE CLAIM AROSE, (II) COMPANY’S TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ALL CLAIMS IN CONNECTION WITH A STATEMENT OF WORK EXCEED AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO * TIMES THE TOTAL VALUE OF ALL CONSIDERATION PAID OR PAYABLE TO PFIZER UNDER SUCH STATEMENT OF WORK, AND (III) COMPANY’S TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ALL CLAIMS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO * TIMES THE TOTAL VALUE OF ALL CONSIDERATION PAID OR PAYABLE TO PFIZER UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.

8.4.NOTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS AGREEMENT, WITH RESPECT TO (i) PFIZER’S INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, (ii) PFIZER’S BREACH OF SECTION 11, (iii) PFIZER’S BREACH OF EXHIBIT C, AND (iv) A SECURITY INCIDENT INVOLVING COMPANY’S DATA, IN NO EVENT WILL PFIZER’S TOTAL AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ALL CLAIMS RELATING TO THE FOREGOING (i)-(iv) EXCEED *. FOR CLARITY, THE FOREGOING * AGGREGATE LIABILITY CAP IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A SEPARATE CAP FOR EACH CATEGORY OF LIABILITY IN THE FOREGOING (i)-(iv), BUT AN AGGREGATE CAP FOR LIABILITY RELATING TO ANY OF THE FOREGOING (i)-(iv).

8.5.THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY SET FORTH IN SECTION 8.1, SECTION 8.2, SECTION 8.3 AND SECTION 8.4 ABOVE ARE A CRITICAL COMPONENT OF THE CONSIDERATION UPON WHICH EACH PARTY RELIED IN ENTERING INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND, BUT FOR AN EXPECTATION AND UNDERSTANDING THAT THESE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITIES WOULD BE STRICTLY INTERPRETED AND APPLIED IN ALL INSTANCES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER PARTY WOULD HAVE ENTERED INTO THIS AGREEMENT. FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBT AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS AGREEMENT, SECURITY INCIDENT RELATED DAMAGES ARE CONSIDERED DIRECT DAMAGES AND NOT EXCLUDED UNDER SECTION 8.1. “SECURITY BREACH DAMAGES” INCLUDE (A) THE COST OF PREPARING AND DELIVERING NOTICES TO AFFECTED DATA SUBJECTS AND/OR SUPERVISORY, REGULATORY OR OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES, (B) THE COST OF PROVIDING TOLL-FREE INFORMATION SERVICES AND CREDIT MONITORING FOR UP TO 12 MONTHS (OR LONGER IF REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW) TO AFFECTED DATA SUBJECTS, (C) AMOUNTS PAYABLE TO THIRD PARTIES, INCLUDING SUPERVISORY, REGULATORY OR OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES, AS DAMAGES, FINES, AND/OR PENALTIES, AND (D) EXPENSES INCURRED BY COMPANY IN INVESTIGATING AND RESPONDING, INCLUDING EXPENSES FOR FORENSIC, INCIDENT RESPONSE, AND LEGAL EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.

9.Indemnification.

9.1.Company Indemnification. Company will indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Pfizer and its Affiliates, and its and their directors, officers, employees, and agents (each, a “Pfizer Indemnified Party”), from and against any and all losses, damages, liabilities, fines, reasonable attorney fees, court costs, and expenses, resulting or arising from any Third Party claims, actions, proceedings, investigations, or litigation relating to or arising from or in connection with this Agreement, any Statement of Work, or the Services contemplated herein (collectively “Losses”) to the extent such Losses arise out of (a) Company’s breach of this Agreement (including its representations and warranties hereunder) or any Statement of Work, (b) the use by Company, its Affiliates, or their respective (sub)licensees or subcontractors of any products, materials, information, or Deliverables provided by or on behalf of Pfizer under this Agreement (including to the extent any of such are contained in other products or processes), including any product liability

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claims arising from such use, (c) any Third Party claim alleging that the use of Company’s Background IP or Project Materials in accordance with the terms of this Agreement infringe or misappropriate any Third Party intellectual property rights, (d) injury to or death of any person or damage to any property caused by or resulting from the use of any of Company’s Background IP, Products or Project Materials in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, (e) any Services conducted by or on behalf of Pfizer in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the applicable Statement of Work and any applicable clinical study agreement and protocols, and otherwise in accordance with Company’s written instructions to Pfizer; or (f) gross negligence, willful misconduct, or violation of Applicable Law by any Company Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 9.2) in connection with this Agreement or any Statement of Work, except, in each case ((a)-(f)) to the extent such Losses are subject to Pfizer’s indemnification obligations under Section 9.2.

9.2.Pfizer Indemnification. Pfizer will indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Company and its Affiliates, and its and their directors, officers, employees and agents (each, a “Company Indemnified Party”), from and against any and all Losses to the extent such Losses arise out of (a) Pfizer’s breach of this Agreement (including its representations and warranties hereunder) or any Statement of Work, (b) injury to or death of any person or damage to any property caused by or resulting from Pfizer’s performance of Services contrary to the terms of this Agreement, the applicable Statement of Work and any applicable clinical study agreement and protocols, or otherwise contrary to Company’s written instructions to Pfizer, (c) gross negligence, willful misconduct, or violation of Applicable Law by any Pfizer Indemnified Party in connection with this Agreement or any Statement of Work, or (d) a Security Incident (as defined in Exhibit C), except, in each case ((a)-(c)) to the extent such Losses are subject to Company’s indemnification obligations under Section 9.1.

9.3.Indemnification Procedure. A Party seeking indemnification hereunder (the “Indemnified Party”) will give the other Party (the “Indemnifying Party”) prompt notice of any such Third Party claim, action, or lawsuit covered by Section 9.1 or Section 9.2 (“Claim”) served upon the Indemnified Party and will fully cooperate with the Indemnifying Party and its legal representatives in the investigation of any such Claim at the Indemnifying Party’s cost and expense. The Indemnified Party’s failure to provide such prompt notice and cooperation will limit the Indemnified Party’s right to indemnification solely to the extent that such failure prejudices the Indemnifying Party’s ability to defend against such Claim. The Indemnified Party will not unreasonably withhold its approval of the settlement of Claim, will cooperate with counsel of the Indemnifying Party in the defense of the Claim, and reserves the right to engage its own counsel to assist in the defense at its own cost and expense. The Indemnified Party will give the Indemnifying Party sole control over the defense of each Claim, except that the Indemnifying Party will not agree to any settlement of any Claim under terms that would require the Indemnified Party to pay any money, admit any wrongdoing, or otherwise be prejudiced, in each case without the Indemnified Party giving its prior written consent to such settlement.

10.Insurance. Each Party agrees to obtain and maintain, during the Term, commercial general liability insurance, including products liability insurance (or clinical trials insurance, if applicable) with minimum “A-” A.M. Best rated carriers satisfactory in kind and with liability limits appropriate to the circumstances to protect the Parties hereunder against any claims or liabilities that may arise from the performance of Services hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Pfizer may fulfill its insurance obligations under this Agreement by self-insuring.

11.Confidentiality.

11.1.Confidential Information. “Confidential Information” means all non-public information disclosed by or on behalf of one Party (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other Party (the “Receiving Party”) or otherwise accessed by the Receiving Party, in whatever form (including tangible, intangible, visual, and oral), before, on, or after the Effective Date, including: (a) draft and filed content within patent applications, office action responses, and other communications with patent authorities; (b) manufacturing information, including processes, protocols, and know-how; (c) vendor information and lists; and (d) other proprietary information, ideas, gene sequences, product applications, formulations, chemical formulas, assays, techniques, drawings, works of authorship, models, inventions, know-how, processes, apparatuses, equipment configurations, and formulae related to the current, future, and proposed products and services of the Disclosing Party, and including such Party’s information concerning research, experimental work, development, design details and specifications, engineering, financial information, procurement requirements, purchasing, manufacturing, customer lists, investors, employees, business and contractual relationships, business forecasts, analyst reports, sales and merchandising reports, and marketing plans. Without limiting the foregoing, (i) Pfizer’s Background IP, Pfizer Foreground Know-How, and Pfizer Foreground Patent Rights will be considered Pfizer’s Confidential Information and (ii) Company’s

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Background IP, Company Foreground Know-How, and Company Foreground Patent Rights, Project Materials and the Deliverables will be considered Company’s Confidential Information. In addition all confidential information of a Party under the *, by and between the Parties (the “Prior CDA”) will be deemed to be such Party’s Confidential Information under this Agreement. The existence and terms of this Agreement will be deemed to be the Confidential Information of both Parties with each Party being deemed a Receiving Party with respect thereto.

11.2.Non-Disclosure. A Receiving Party will not, at any time, directly or indirectly, use for any reason other than activities contemplated under this Agreement or disclose to any Third Party any Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party. Each Receiving Party in possession of Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party will take all appropriate steps to safeguard such information with the same degree of care with which it maintains the confidentiality of its own confidential information, which in no event shall be less than a reasonable standard of care. The Parties further acknowledge that Confidential Information may have been provided by the Parties to each other prior to the Effective Date, including under the Prior CDA. The Parties agree that as of the Effective Date, all such Confidential Information will be protected by the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Confidential Information will not include information that the Receiving Party can show by competent proof: (a) was known to the Receiving Party, without any obligation to keep it confidential or any restriction on its use, prior to disclosure by the Disclosing Party; (b) is subsequently disclosed to the Receiving Party by a Third Party lawfully in possession thereof and without any obligation to keep it confidential or any restriction on its use; (c) is published by a Third Party or otherwise becomes publicly available or enters the public domain, either before or after it is disclosed to the Receiving Party through no act or omission on the part of the Receiving Party; or (d) is independently developed by or on behalf of the Receiving Party through activities outside of the collaboration described herein without the aid, application, or use of Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party.

11.3.Authorized Disclosure. A Receiving Party may disclose Confidential Information belonging to the Disclosing Party, including the terms of this Agreement, to the extent (and only to the extent) that it is reasonably necessary or appropriate: (a) to make regulatory filings permitted under this Agreement; (b) to prosecute or defend litigation, respond to interrogatories, requests for information or documents, subpoena, civil investigative demands issued by a court or governmental agency, or as otherwise required by Applicable Law; (c) to comply with Applicable Law (including the rules, regulations, and guidance of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or any national securities exchange) and with judicial process; or (d) to disclose, in connection with the performance of this Agreement and solely on a need-to-know basis, to Affiliates; permitted (sub)licensees; or their respective employees, directors, subcontractors (including consultants) or agents, or their respective professional advisors, each of whom prior to disclosure must be bound by obligations of confidentiality and non-use no less restrictive than the obligations set forth in this Article 11; provided, however, that the Receiving Party will remain responsible for any failure by any person who receives Confidential Information from the Receiving Party to treat such Confidential Information as required under this Article 11. In addition, Company may disclose the terms of this Agreement, other than any financial terms, to its current and prospective investors in the context of its fundraising activities, provided that (x) Company provides prior written notice to Pfizer of any such disclosure, (y) each such disclosee prior to disclosure must be bound by obligations of confidentiality and non-use no less restrictive than the obligations set forth in this Article 11 and (z) Company will remain responsible for any failure by any person who receives Confidential Information from Company to treat such Confidential Information as required under this Article 11. Where reasonably possible, the Receiving Party will notify the Disclosing Party of the Receiving Party’s intent to make such disclosure pursuant to clauses (a) through (c) of this Section 11.3 sufficiently prior to making such disclosure so as to allow the Disclosing Party adequate time to take whatever action it may deem appropriate to protect the confidentiality of the information. Without limiting the foregoing, in the event that either Party proposes to file with the SEC, or the securities regulators of any state or other jurisdiction, a registration statement or any other disclosure document which describes, discloses, or refers to this Agreement, the Party will notify the other Party of such intention and will, to the extent reasonably practicable, provide such other Party with a copy of relevant portions of the proposed filing prior to such filing and will use reasonable efforts to obtain confidential treatment of any information concerning this Agreement that such other Party requests be kept confidential. No such notice will be required under this Section 11.3 if the substance of the description of or reference to this Agreement contained in the proposed filing has been included in any previous filing made by either Party hereunder or otherwise approved by the other Party.

11.4.Publicity; Use of Name. Except as set forth in this Article 11, neither Party may issue a press release or similar public announcement with respect to the execution or performance of this Agreement without the other Party’s prior written consent; provided, however, that either Party may, without the consent of the other Party issue any press release or similar public announcement containing any information that is then-publicly available. Neither Party will use the name, insignia, symbol, trademark, trade name, or logotype of

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the other Party or its Affiliates in any publication, press release, public promotional material, or other form of publicity without the prior written consent of such other Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Pfizer agrees that Company may issue a press release in the form attached as Exhibit D in connection with the execution of this Agreement.

11.5.Residual Knowledge. Notwithstanding this Article 11, the Parties acknowledge the practical difficulty of policing the use of information in the unaided memory of the Receiving Party, and as such each Party agrees that the Receiving Party will not be liable for the use by any of its or its Affiliates’ or its sublicensees’ officers, directors, employees, or agents of specific Confidential Information or Foreground Know-How arising under this Agreement, in each case, of the Disclosing Party that is retained in the unaided memory of such officer, director, employee, or agent; provided that, (a) the foregoing is not intended to grant, and will not be deemed to grant, the Receiving Party, its Affiliates, its sublicensees, or its or their officers, directors, employees, and agents a license under any Patent Right of the Disclosing Party; and (b) such officer, director, employee, or agent has not intentionally memorized such Confidential Information for use outside this Agreement.

11.6.Confidentiality Term. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, each Party’s rights and obligations under this Article 11 will remain in effect during the Term and thereafter until the fifth anniversary of the effective date of termination of this Agreement, provided, however, the terms of this Agreement will remain subject to this Article 11 during the Term and thereafter until the fifteenth anniversary of the effective date of termination of this Agreement unless a longer time period is specified in a Statement of Work

12.Term and Termination.

12.1.Term. This Agreement will commence on the Effective Date and will continue until the * anniversary of the Effective Date, or until earlier terminated by either Party in accordance with this Section 12 (the “Initial Term,” and together with any renewal period, the “Term”). This Agreement may be renewed for successive * periods thereafter by the mutual agreement of the Parties. Upon expiration or termination of this Agreement, the terms and conditions of this Agreement will continue to apply to any active Statements of Work, on a Statement of Work-by-Statement of Work basis, until the completion of all Services thereunder or the earlier termination of such Statement of Work.

12.2.Termination.

(a)Termination of Statement of Work for Cause. On a Statement of Work-by-Statement of Work basis, either Party may terminate a Statement of Work immediately upon providing written notice of termination to the other Party if the other Party has materially breached such Statement of Work, including any term of this Agreement that applies to such Statement of Work, or to any Products arising therefrom and has failed to cure such material breach within * days after receiving written notice of such breach from the non-breaching Party specifying the nature of the material breach.

(b)Termination for Breach of Certain Representations and Warranties. Either Party may immediately terminate this Agreement in its entirety or with respect to one or more Statements of Work by providing written notice of termination to the other Party if the other Party has materially breached Section 7.4 or Section 7.5 and has failed to cure such material breach within * days after receiving written notice of such breach from the non-breaching Party specifying the nature of the material breach.

(c)Termination of Statement of Work for Safety or Technical Issues. Either Party will have the right to terminate a Statement of Work in the event that such Party determines in good faith that the conduct of Services as set forth in such Statement of Work is not clinically, commercially, or technically feasible using commercially reasonable efforts or is inconsistent with Applicable Law or if such Party determines in good faith that there is a material safety issue in connection with the applicable Product or the performance of such Services. Prior to any termination, such Party seeking termination will request in writing a pre-termination consultation with the other Party to review potential concerns and to make commercially reasonable efforts to continue with the applicable Statement of Work. * days following said consultation, such Party may terminate the applicable Statement of Work upon a further * days’ prior written notice to the other Party; provided, that such Party seeking termination may suspend all Services related to any potential material safety issue prior to termination.

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(d)Bankruptcy. Either Party may terminate this Agreement in its entirety, including any and all Statements of Work, immediately by providing written notice to the other Party: (i) if proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy are initiated by, on behalf of or against the other Party (and, in the case of any such involuntary proceeding, not dismissed or stayed within * days); or (ii) if the other Party is adjudicated bankrupt, files a petition under applicable insolvency laws, is dissolved or has a receiver appointed for substantially all of its property.

(e)Termination of Statement of Work by Advisory Committee. The Advisory Committee may terminate any Statement of Work prior to completion thereof by unanimous decision of the members of the Advisory Committee in writing as notice provided to each Party. The Advisory Committee will determine reasonable wind-down activities for such terminated Statement of Work.

(f)Termination Upon Change of Control. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon a Change of Control, Company shall have the right to terminate this Agreement and any related Statement of Work immediately upon written notice to Pfizer. The term “Change of Control” means (a) any consolidation or merger of Company with or into any other corporation or entity, or any other corporate reorganization or similar transaction, in which the holders of outstanding voting securities of Company immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, reorganization or similar transaction hold, directly or indirectly, less than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting securities of Company or of the surviving or resulting entity (or the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of the surviving or resulting entity) immediately after such consolidation, merger, reorganization or similar transaction; or (b) any transaction or series of related transactions as a result of which the holders of outstanding voting securities of Company immediately prior to such transaction or transactions hold, directly or indirectly, less than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting securities of Company (or the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of Company) immediately after such transaction or transactions.

12.3.Consequences of Termination.

(a)General. Upon receipt of notice of termination of this Agreement or any applicable Statement of Work, Pfizer will promptly wind down the conduct of all Services under the applicable Statements of Work except to the extent that Pfizer determines that doing so will violate Applicable Laws or compromise patient safety, in which case, notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Pfizer will continue to perform such Services in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and each applicable Statement of Work, and the payment terms with respect to such Services will survive termination. Upon termination of this Agreement or a Statement of Work: (i) Company will pay Pfizer for all Services Fees incurred as of the effective date of termination pursuant to Section 5.5, Company will issue to Pfizer (or its designee) any securities that Company has an obligation to issue pursuant to this Agreement as of the effective date of termination, Company will pay to Pfizer all applicable cancellation fees and reimburse Pfizer for any costs incurred or accrued prior to the notice of such termination that cannot be cancelled or avoided through commercially reasonable efforts, and Company will reimburse Pfizer for all wind-down costs incurred by Pfizer or its Affiliates in connection with the terminated Services; (ii) Pfizer will, within 90 days following the effective date of termination, deliver to Company all Deliverables, Project Materials, and Product inventory in Pfizer’s possession with respect to the terminated Statements of Work to the extent such have been paid for by Company; and (iii) upon the Disclosing Party’s written request, each Party will return or destroy the other Party’s Confidential Information in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the above, the Receiving Party (A) may retain a single copy of the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information for the sole purpose of ascertaining the Receiving Party’s ongoing rights and responsibilities in respect of such information; and (B) shall not be required to destroy any computer files stored securely by the Receiving Party or its Affiliates that are created during automatic system back up, or retained for legal purposes by the legal division of the Receiving Party and its Affiliates, provided that such retained Confidential Information shall remain subject to the terms of this Agreement.

(b)Accrued Obligations; Survival. Termination of this Agreement will not relieve either Party of any liability that has accrued prior to the effective date of such termination or prejudice either Party’s right to obtain performance of any obligation provided for in this Agreement, which by its express terms or context survive termination. The terms of this Agreement that by their context are

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intended to survive termination or expiration of this Agreement will so survive. Without limiting the foregoing, the rights and obligations of Company and Pfizer set forth in Sections 1 (Agreement and Statements of Work), 3.5 (Deliverables; Records), 6 (Intellectual Property), 8 (Limitation of Liability), 9 (Indemnification), 10 (Insurance), 11 (Confidentiality), 12.3 (Consequences of Termination), 14 (Notices and Deliveries), 15 (Assignment), 16 (Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial), 17 (Injunctive Relief), 19 (Independent Contractor), 20 (Amendments; Waiver; Severability), 21 (Language), 23 (Interpretation), 24 (Entire Agreement), and 25 (Counterparts) will survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement or any Statement of Work.

13.Information Rights Agreement. The Information Rights Agreement will set forth the terms of any additional rights granted by Company to Pfizer or its designee as partial consideration for the conduct of the Services.

14.Notices and Deliveries. All notices given hereunder must be: (a) by a writing delivered by hand, overnight courier, or United States Postal Service first-class registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, to the other Party at the addresses below or (b) by email sent to the email addresses listed below and acknowledged by return email, or in the case of (a) and (b), to such other address as the Party to whom written notice is to be given may have furnished to the other Party in writing in accordance herewith. Notice by email will be deemed effective as of the day the notice was acknowledged by return email. All other notices will be deemed effective as of the day delivered to the receiving Party (or if delivery is refused, the date of such refusal):


If to Pfizer:			If to Company:
Ignite Group Lead Pfizer Inc. 66 Hudson Boulevard East New York, NY 10001-2192 Tel: (212)-733-5049 Kathy.Fernando@pfizer.com With a copy to: Ignite Chief Counsel Pfizer Inc. 66 Hudson Boulevard East New York, NY 10001-2192 LegalNotice@pfizer.com			Cardiff Oncology, Inc. 11055 Flintkote Avenue San Diego, CA 92121 Attention: James Levine jlevine@cardiffoncology.com

15.Assignment. Neither Party will assign this Agreement nor any part thereof without the prior written consent of the other Party; provided, however, that either Party may, without such consent, assign or delegate the rights and obligations of this Agreement (a) to one or more of its Affiliates, or (b) in connection with the transfer, sale, or divestiture of substantially all of its business to which this Agreement pertains. Any permitted assignee will assume all obligations of its assignor under this Agreement. No assignment will relieve either Party of responsibility for the performance of any accrued obligation which such Party then has hereunder. This Agreement will bind and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of each Party.

16.Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial. This Agreement and any associated Statement of Work is governed by the laws of the state of New York without giving effect to any federal or state conflict of laws principles. Any Dispute not resolved by the Parties will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. federal or New York state courts within New York County, New York, and each Party hereby waives (a) any objection which it may have at any time to the venue of the proceedings in any such court, (b) any claim that such proceedings have been brought in an inconvenient forum, and (c) the right to object, with respect to such proceedings, that such court does not have any jurisdiction over such Party. IN ANY CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHER LEGAL THEORY, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, ITS NEGOTIATION, ENFORCEABILITY OR VALIDITY, OR THE PERFORMANCE OR BREACH HEREOF OR THE RELATIONSHIPS ESTABLISHED HEREUNDER, ALL PARTIES HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.

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17.Dispute Resolution. Any dispute, controversy or claim arising under, out of or in connection with this Agreement, other than any dispute with respect to invoices to be resolved in accordance with Section 5.2, including any question regarding the existence, validity or termination of this Agreement (a “Dispute”), shall first be referred to the Project Managers for each of the Parties to facilitate and assist resolution of such Dispute for attempted resolution within * days after such referral (or such longer time period as is mutually agreed by the Project Managers). If such Dispute is not resolved within * days after such referral to the Project Managers (or such longer time period as is mutually agreed by the Project Managers), the Dispute shall be referred to the Advisory Committee for attempted resolution within * days after such referral (or such longer time period as is mutually agreed by the Parties). If such Dispute is not resolved within * days after such referral to the Advisory Committee (or such longer time period as is mutually agreed by the Parties), then the Parties will refer the Dispute to Pfizer’s * and Company’s * (or their respective designees), who will use good faith efforts to resolve the Dispute. If Pfizer’s * or Company’s * (or their respective designees), as applicable, are unable to resolve the Dispute within * days after referral (or such longer time period as is mutually agreed by Pfizer’s * and Company’s * (or their respective designees)), each Party may, with respect to such Dispute, assert any remedy available at law or equity to enforce its rights under this Agreement before a court of competent jurisdiction.

18.Injunctive Relief. The Parties acknowledge that breach of this Agreement, including Section 11 (Confidentiality) or Section 6 (Intellectual Property), may cause irreparable harm for which the non-breaching Party may not be fully or adequately compensated by recovery of monetary damages. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, in the event of any breach or threatened breach of this Agreement by one Party, the other Party will be entitled to seek injunctive relief from a court of competent jurisdiction in addition to any other remedy that may be available at law or in equity, without the necessity of posting bond or proving actual damages.

19.Independent Contractor. The Parties are independent contractors and nothing contained in this Agreement will be construed as creating any relationship of partners, principal and agent, employer and employee, or joint venturers between the Parties. Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, neither Party will have the power nor right to bind or obligate the other Party and neither Party will hold itself out as having such authority.

20.Amendments; Waiver; Severability. Neither this Agreement nor any Statement of Work may be amended or modified other than through a written instrument executed by duly authorized representatives of both Parties. The failure to enforce any right or provision herein will not constitute a waiver of that right or provision. Any waiver of a breach of a provision will not constitute a waiver of any subsequent breach of that provision. If any provisions herein are found to be unenforceable on the grounds that they are overly broad or in conflict with Applicable Law, it is the intent of the Parties that such provisions be replaced, reformed or narrowed so that their original business purpose can be accomplished to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, and that the remaining provisions will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

21.Language. Unless the Parties otherwise agree, any document that is provided in connection with this Agreement or a Statement of Work must be in English.

22.Force Majeure. Neither Party will be liable for nonperformance or delays in performance that result from causes that are beyond its reasonable control, such as acts of God, pandemics, advisories or alerts regarding public health or safety issued by governmental entities, fire, strikes, embargo, acts of terrorism, acts of government, acts by regulatory agencies or ethics committees, or other similar causes (“Force Majeure”); provided that each Party will remain liable and responsible for all of its payment obligations under this Agreement and each Statement of Work. However, such nonperformance or delay is excused under this provision only for the duration of the qualifying event. Upon the occurrence of a Force Majeure event, the Party whose performance is delayed or prevented will give written notice to the other Party of the event, the expected duration, and its anticipated effect on the ability of the Party to perform its obligations. The Party whose performance is affected by the event will also make commercially reasonable efforts to remedy the cause of the delay or work stoppage.

23.Interpretation. Except where the context expressly requires otherwise: (a) the words “include”, “includes”, and “including” will be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation” and will not be interpreted to limit the provision to which it relates; (b) the word “will” will be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall” (and vice versa); (c) except where the context otherwise requires, the term “or” will be interpreted in the inclusive sense commonly associated with the term “and/or”; (d) references to any specific law, rule or regulation, article, section or other division thereof, will be deemed to include the then-current amendments thereto or any replacement or successor law, rule or regulation

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thereof; (e) the use of any gender herein will be deemed to encompass references to either or both genders, and the use of the singular will be deemed to include the plural (and vice versa); (f) any reference herein to any person will be construed to include the person’s successors and assigns; (g) the words “herein”, “hereof”, and “hereunder”, and words of similar import, will each be construed to refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof; (h) the word “notice” means notice in writing (whether or not specifically stated) and will include notices, consents, approvals, and other written communications contemplated under this Agreement; (i) provisions that require that a Party, the Parties, or any committee hereunder “agree”, “consent”, “approve”, or the like will require that such agreement, consent, or approval be specific and in writing, whether by written agreement, letter, approved minutes, or otherwise (but excluding e-mail and instant messaging). The descriptive headings of the sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and will not control or affect the meaning or construction of any provision hereof.

24.Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with the applicable Statements of Work and the Information Rights Agreement, contains the entire understanding of the Parties with respect to the subject matter herein and therein, and supersedes all previous agreements (oral and written), negotiations and discussions, including the Prior CDA.

25.Counterparts. This Agreement, a Statement of Work, Change Order, or amendment may be executed by electronic means (including .pdf) and in any number of counterparts, each of which when executed and delivered, will constitute an original, but all of which together will constitute one agreement binding on all Parties, notwithstanding that all Parties are not signatories to the same counterpart.

[Signature page follows]

16 CONFIDENTIAL

Confidential

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been executed as of the Effective Date by the Parties through their duly authorized officers.

ACKNOWLEDGED, ACCEPTED, AND AGREED TO:


PFIZER INC.			CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
By: /s/ Kathy Fernando (signature)			By: /s/ Mark Erlander (signature)
Name: Kathy Fernando, Ph.D.			Name: Mark Erlander
Title: Senior Vice President, Head of Pfizer Ignite			Title: Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Mark Erlander, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions);

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


August 9, 2023			/s/ Mark Erlander
			Mark Erlander
			Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, James Levine, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


August 9, 2023			/s/ James Levine
			James Levine
			Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark Erlander, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


August 9, 2023			/s/ Mark Erlander
			Mark Erlander
			Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James Levine, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


August 9, 2023			/s/ James Levine
			James Levine
			Chief Financial Officer

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
Cover Page - shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Aug. 03, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Entity File Number	001-35558
Entity Registrant Name	CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-2004382
Entity Address, Address Line One	11055 Flintkote Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92121
City Area Code	858
Local Phone Number	952-7570
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	CRDF
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		44,677,169
Entity Central Index Key	0001213037
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 19,369	$ 16,347
Short-term investments	70,059	88,920
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	161	771
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,142	5,246
Total current assets	92,731	111,284
Property and equipment, net	1,356	1,269
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,978	2,251
Other assets	1,390	1,387
Total Assets	97,455	116,191
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,939	1,956
Accrued liabilities	5,501	5,177
Operating lease liabilities	683	675
Total current liabilities	9,123	7,808
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,753	2,040
Total Liabilities	10,876	9,848
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, 20,000 shares authorized; Series A Convertible Preferred Stock liquidation preference $1,056 and $1,044 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively (Note 6)	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized; 44,677 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	4	4
Additional paid-in capital	407,479	404,834
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(431)	(395)
Accumulated deficit	(320,473)	(298,100)
Total stockholders’ equity	86,579	106,343
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 97,455	$ 116,191

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Liquidation preference	$ 1,056	$ 1,044
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	44,677,000	44,677,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	44,677,000	44,677,000

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Royalties	$ 108	$ 91	$ 191	$ 165
Costs and expenses:
Research and development	8,020	7,448	17,072	14,656
Selling, general and administrative	4,296	3,086	7,379	7,026
Total operating expenses	12,316	10,534	24,451	21,682
Loss from operations	(12,208)	(10,443)	(24,260)	(21,517)
Interest income, net	1,053	253	1,993	383
Other income (expense), net	5	(253)	(106)	(302)
Total other income (expense), net	1,058	0	1,887	81
Net loss	(11,150)	(10,443)	(22,373)	(21,436)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6)	(6)	(12)	(12)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (11,156)	$ (10,449)	$ (22,385)	$ (21,448)
Net loss per common share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.50)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.25)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.50)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	44,677	43,306	44,677	43,269
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	44,677	43,306	44,677	43,269

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (11,150)	$ (10,443)	$ (22,373)	$ (21,436)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	(355)	(234)	(36)	(840)
Total comprehensive loss	(11,505)	(10,677)	(22,409)	(22,276)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(6)	(6)	(12)	(12)
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (11,511)	$ (10,683)	$ (22,421)	$ (22,288)

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Service Receivable	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Deficit
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		716	41,964
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 140,417	$ 1	$ 4	$ 400,503	$ (139)	$ (142)	$ (259,810)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	1,152			1,152
Other comprehensive gain (loss)	(606)					(606)
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (in shares)		(328)	1,342
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	(1)	$ (1)
Preferred stock dividend	(6)						(6)
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	139				139
Net loss	(10,993)						(10,993)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		388	43,306
Balance, ending at Mar. 31, 2022	130,102	$ 0	$ 4	401,655	0	(748)	(270,809)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		716	41,964
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2021	140,417	$ 1	$ 4	400,503	(139)	(142)	(259,810)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(21,436)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		388	43,306
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2022	120,474	$ 0	$ 4	402,710	0	(982)	(281,258)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		388	43,306
Balance, beginning at Mar. 31, 2022	130,102	$ 0	$ 4	401,655	0	(748)	(270,809)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	1,055			1,055
Other comprehensive gain (loss)	(234)					(234)
Preferred stock dividend	(6)						(6)
Net loss	(10,443)						(10,443)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		388	43,306
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2022	120,474	$ 0	$ 4	402,710	$ 0	(982)	(281,258)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		61	44,677
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	106,343	$ 0	$ 4	404,834		(395)	(298,100)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	1,064			1,064
Other comprehensive gain (loss)	319					319
Net loss	(11,223)						(11,223)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		61	44,677
Balance, ending at Mar. 31, 2023	96,503	$ 0	$ 4	405,898		(76)	(309,323)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		61	44,677
Balance, beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	106,343	$ 0	$ 4	404,834		(395)	(298,100)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(22,373)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		61	44,677
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2023	86,579	$ 0	$ 4	407,479		(431)	(320,473)
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		61	44,677
Balance, beginning at Mar. 31, 2023	96,503	$ 0	$ 4	405,898		(76)	(309,323)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	1,581			1,581
Other comprehensive gain (loss)	(355)					(355)
Net loss	(11,150)						(11,150)
Balance, ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		61	44,677
Balance, ending at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 86,579	$ 0	$ 4	$ 407,479		$ (431)	$ (320,473)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (22,373)	$ (21,436)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	188	69
Stock-based compensation expense	2,645	2,207
Amortization of premiums (discounts) on short-term investments	(405)	557
Release of clinical trial funding commitment	0	139
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	(3)	54
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	610	(16)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	2,260	18
Operating lease right-of-use assets	273	272
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,293	1,367
Operating lease liabilities	(279)	(143)
Other liabilities	0	(32)
Net cash used in operating activities	(15,791)	(16,944)
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(259)	(483)
Insurance proceeds from casualty loss		71
Maturities of short-term investments	68,265	48,801
Purchases of short-term investments	(50,868)	(57,309)
Sales of short-term investments	1,675	34,886
Net cash provided by investing activities	18,813	25,966
Financing activities:
Net cash provided by financing activities	0	0
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	3,022	9,022
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period	16,347	11,943
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	19,369	20,965
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for taxes	1	1
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 16	456
Acquisition of property and equipment included in insurance proceeds receivable		$ 43

Organization and Basis of Presentation	6 Months Ended
Organization and Basis of Presentation	Jun. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Basis of Presentation	Organization and Basis of Presentation Business Organization and Overview Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (“Cardiff Oncology” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage biotechnology company leveraging Polo-like Kinase 1 (“PLK1”) inhibition to develop novel therapies across a range of cancers. The Company’s lead asset is onvansertib, a PLK1 inhibitor that is being evaluated in combination with standard-of-care therapies in clinical programs targeting indications such as RAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic pancreatic cancer, as well as investigator-initiated trials in triple negative breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. These programs and the Company’s broader development strategy are designed to target tumor vulnerabilities in order to overcome treatment resistance and deliver superior clinical benefit compared to the standard-of-care alone. The Company's common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol "CRDF". Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements of Cardiff Oncology have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The operating results presented in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022, included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023. Liquidity The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $89.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and believes it has sufficient cash to meet its funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of these financial statements. For the foreseeable future, the Company expects to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience additional dilution.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Net Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:


	June 30,
	2023	2022
Options to purchase Common Stock	6,603,661	5,131,195
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	2,807,948	4,490,159

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	877	877

Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	—	1,342,250
	9,412,486	10,964,481

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted

Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund	$	18,792	$	—	$	—	$	18,792

Total included in cash and cash equivalents	18,792		—		—		18,792

Available for sale investments:
Certificate of deposit	—		7,991		—		7,991
Corporate debt securities	—		23,062		—		23,062
Commercial paper	—		11,089		—		11,089

U.S. government agencies	—		7,802				7,802
U.S. treasury securities	20,115		—		—		20,115
Total available for sale investments	20,115		49,944		—		70,059

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	38,907	$	49,944	$	—	$	88,851


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund	$	15,722	$	—	$	—	$	15,722

Total included in cash and cash equivalents	15,722		—		—		15,722

Available for sale investments:
Certificate of deposit	—		16,023		—		16,023
Corporate debt securities	—		49,535		—		49,535
Commercial paper	—		13,187		—		13,187
U.S. government agencies	—		2,288		—		2,288
U.S. treasury securities	7,887		—		—		7,887
Total available for sale investments	7,887		81,033		—		88,920

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	23,609	$	81,033	$	—	$	104,642

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information

Investments available for sale

Investments available for sale consist of the following:


	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Market Value
Maturity less than 1 year:
Certificate of deposit	$	8,005	$	—	$	(14)	$	7,991
Corporate debt securities	14,465		5		(53)		14,417
Commercial paper	11,102		—		(13)		11,089

U.S. government agencies	7,841		—		(39)		7,802

Total maturity less than 1 year	41,413		5		(119)		41,299
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Corporate debt securities	8,711		16		(82)		8,645

U.S. treasury securities	20,366		—		(251)		20,115
Total maturity 1 to 2 years	29,077		16		(333)		28,760

Total short-term investments	$	70,490	$	21	$	(452)	$	70,059


	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Market Value
Maturity less than 1 year:
Certificate of deposit	$	16,101	$	3	$	(81)	$	16,023
Corporate debt securities	44,806		8		(275)		44,539
Commercial paper	13,203		4		(20)		13,187
Non U.S. government	2,284		4		—		2,288
U.S. treasury securities	7,905		—		(18)		7,887
Total maturity less than 1 year	84,299		19		(394)		83,924
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Corporate debt securities	5,016		1		(21)		4,996

Total maturity 1 to 2 years	5,016		1		(21)		4,996

Total short-term investments	$	89,315	$	20	$	(415)	$	88,920

Investments available for sale that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than one-year consist of the following:


	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Fair Market Value		Gross Unrealized Loss

Corporate debt securities	$	2,963	$	(24)

Property and equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Furniture and office equipment	$	1,081	$	1,066
Leasehold improvements	2,568		2,560
Laboratory equipment	1,264		1,056
	4,913		4,682
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,557)		(3,413)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,356	$	1,269

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Accrued compensation	$	2,175	$	1,849

Clinical trials	2,364		2,333
Research agreements and services	543		509
Director fees	125		125

Patent, license and other fees	83		24

Other accrued liabilities	211		337
Total accrued liabilities	$	5,501	$	5,177

Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases.

Master Facility Lease

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	180	$	190	$	363	$	381

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
Operating lease ROU assets	$	1,978		$	2,251

Current operating lease liabilities	$	683		$	675
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,753			2,040
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2,436		$	2,715

Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	3.7 years			4.2 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	7.0		%	7.0		%

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	183	$	180	$	368	$	251

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:


(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases


2023 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2023)	$	306
2024	754
2025	775
2026	796

Thereafter	136
Total future minimum lease payments	2,767
Less imputed interest	(331)
Total	$	2,436

Leases

As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases.

Master Facility Lease

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	180	$	190	$	363	$	381

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
Operating lease ROU assets	$	1,978		$	2,251

Current operating lease liabilities	$	683		$	675
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,753			2,040
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2,436		$	2,715

Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	3.7 years			4.2 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	7.0		%	7.0		%

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	183	$	180	$	368	$	251

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:


(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases


2023 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2023)	$	306
2024	754
2025	775
2026	796

Thereafter	136
Total future minimum lease payments	2,767
Less imputed interest	(331)
Total	$	2,436

Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Options

Stock-based compensation expense related to Cardiff Oncology equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022

Included in research and development expense	$	297	$	126	$	691	$	460
Included in selling, general and administrative expense	1,284		929		1,954		1,747


Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,581	$	1,055	$	2,645	$	2,207

years. The total fair value of stock options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, were $3.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Risk-free interest rate	3.61	%	1.87	%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	109	%	106	%
Expected term(1)	5.3 years		6.0 years

A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:


	Total Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022	5,069,458	$	5.92	$	19,322
Granted	2,088,608	$	1.71

Forfeited and expired	(554,405)	$	7.12
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2023	6,603,661	$	4.49	$	23,351
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	2,766,027	$	6.16	$	21,713
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	6,410,335	$	4.55	$	23,269

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

Subsequent to the adoption of the 2021 Plan, no additional equity awards can be made under the terms of the 2014 Plan.

Inducement Grants

Modification of Stock Options

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:


	Total Warrants	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022	4,360,968	$	5.33	2.1 years


Expired	(1,553,020)	$	10.54
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2023	2,807,948	$	2.45	2.5 years

Preferred Stock

A summary of our Company's classes of preferred stock is presented below:


				Shares outstanding
Class	Par value		Shares designated	As of June 30, 2023	As of December 31, 2022
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	277,100	60,600	60,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	8,860	—	—
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	200,000	—	—
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.0001	154,670	—	—
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	865,824	—	—

Subsequent to quarter-end the Company filed a certificate of elimination and the Series B, C, D & E preferred stock have been eliminated from authorized series of preferred stock.

Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Jun. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Executive Agreements Certain executive agreements provide for severance payments in case of terminations without cause or certain change of control scenarios. Research and Development Agreements In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Cardiff Oncology refers to as onvansertib. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay development and commercial milestones, and royalties based on sales volume. These potential development milestones include: (a) dosing of the first subject in the first Phase III Clinical Trial for the first Product, a registration enabling Phase II Clinical Trial, or after completion of a Phase II Clinical Trial that is used as the basis for an NDA submission; and (b) upon filing of the first NDA or equivalent for the first product candidate. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 no milestone or royalty payments were made. The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of oncology therapeutics. These agreements include License fees, Royalties and Milestone payments. The Company also has a legacy license agreement in the field of oncology diagnostics under which royalty payments are due. These royalty payments are calculated as a percent of revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, payments have not been material. Litigation Cardiff Oncology does not believe that it has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (11,150)	$ (11,223)	$ (10,443)	$ (10,993)	$ (22,373)	$ (21,436)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Net Loss Per Share	Net Loss Per Share Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in net loss attributable to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement and Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted	Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 ("ASU 2020-06"), Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 eliminates the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models for convertible instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity’s own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, ASU 2020-06 modifies how particular convertible instruments and certain contracts that may be settled in cash or shares impact the diluted EPS computation. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 (or December 15, 2023, for companies who meet the SEC definition of Smaller Reporting Companies), and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendment is to be adopted through either a fully retrospective or modified retrospective method of transition. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements and related disclosures, and will adopt this standard on January 1, 2024.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from the Calculation of Diluted Net Loss per Share

The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:


	June 30,
	2023	2022
Options to purchase Common Stock	6,603,661	5,131,195
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	2,807,948	4,490,159

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	877	877

Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	—	1,342,250
	9,412,486	10,964,481

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of the Company’s Assets and Liabilities that are Measured and Recognized at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Classified Under the Appropriate Level of the Fair Value Hierarchy


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund	$	18,792	$	—	$	—	$	18,792

Total included in cash and cash equivalents	18,792		—		—		18,792

Available for sale investments:
Certificate of deposit	—		7,991		—		7,991
Corporate debt securities	—		23,062		—		23,062
Commercial paper	—		11,089		—		11,089

U.S. government agencies	—		7,802				7,802
U.S. treasury securities	20,115		—		—		20,115
Total available for sale investments	20,115		49,944		—		70,059

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	38,907	$	49,944	$	—	$	88,851


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund	$	15,722	$	—	$	—	$	15,722

Total included in cash and cash equivalents	15,722		—		—		15,722

Available for sale investments:
Certificate of deposit	—		16,023		—		16,023
Corporate debt securities	—		49,535		—		49,535
Commercial paper	—		13,187		—		13,187
U.S. government agencies	—		2,288		—		2,288
U.S. treasury securities	7,887		—		—		7,887
Total available for sale investments	7,887		81,033		—		88,920

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	23,609	$	81,033	$	—	$	104,642

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Investments Available-for-sale

Investments available for sale consist of the following:


	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Market Value
Maturity less than 1 year:
Certificate of deposit	$	8,005	$	—	$	(14)	$	7,991
Corporate debt securities	14,465		5		(53)		14,417
Commercial paper	11,102		—		(13)		11,089

U.S. government agencies	7,841		—		(39)		7,802

Total maturity less than 1 year	41,413		5		(119)		41,299
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Corporate debt securities	8,711		16		(82)		8,645

U.S. treasury securities	20,366		—		(251)		20,115
Total maturity 1 to 2 years	29,077		16		(333)		28,760

Total short-term investments	$	70,490	$	21	$	(452)	$	70,059


	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Market Value
Maturity less than 1 year:
Certificate of deposit	$	16,101	$	3	$	(81)	$	16,023
Corporate debt securities	44,806		8		(275)		44,539
Commercial paper	13,203		4		(20)		13,187
Non U.S. government	2,284		4		—		2,288
U.S. treasury securities	7,905		—		(18)		7,887
Total maturity less than 1 year	84,299		19		(394)		83,924
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Corporate debt securities	5,016		1		(21)		4,996

Total maturity 1 to 2 years	5,016		1		(21)		4,996

Total short-term investments	$	89,315	$	20	$	(415)	$	88,920

Investments Available-for-sale in a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position

Investments available for sale that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than one-year consist of the following:


	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Fair Market Value		Gross Unrealized Loss

Corporate debt securities	$	2,963	$	(24)

Schedule of Components of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Furniture and office equipment	$	1,081	$	1,066
Leasehold improvements	2,568		2,560
Laboratory equipment	1,264		1,056
	4,913		4,682
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,557)		(3,413)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,356	$	1,269

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
Accrued compensation	$	2,175	$	1,849

Clinical trials	2,364		2,333
Research agreements and services	543		509
Director fees	125		125

Patent, license and other fees	83		24

Other accrued liabilities	211		337
Total accrued liabilities	$	5,501	$	5,177

Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Lease Expense and Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	180	$	190	$	363	$	381

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	183	$	180	$	368	$	251

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:


(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
Operating lease ROU assets	$	1,978		$	2,251

Current operating lease liabilities	$	683		$	675
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,753			2,040
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2,436		$	2,715

Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	3.7 years			4.2 years
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	7.0		%	7.0		%

Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:


(in thousands)
Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases


2023 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2023)	$	306
2024	754
2025	775
2026	796

Thereafter	136
Total future minimum lease payments	2,767
Less imputed interest	(331)
Total	$	2,436

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to Cardiff Oncology equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022

Included in research and development expense	$	297	$	126	$	691	$	460
Included in selling, general and administrative expense	1,284		929		1,954		1,747


Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,581	$	1,055	$	2,645	$	2,207

Schedule of Assumptions to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Option Awards


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Risk-free interest rate	3.61	%	1.87	%
Dividend yield	0	%	0	%
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock	109	%	106	%
Expected term(1)	5.3 years		6.0 years

Summary of Stock Option Activity and of Changes in Stock Options Outstanding

A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:


	Total Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022	5,069,458	$	5.92	$	19,322
Granted	2,088,608	$	1.71

Forfeited and expired	(554,405)	$	7.12
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2023	6,603,661	$	4.49	$	23,351
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	2,766,027	$	6.16	$	21,713
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	6,410,335	$	4.55	$	23,269

Summary of Warrant Activity and Changes in Warrants Outstanding

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:


	Total Warrants	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022	4,360,968	$	5.33	2.1 years


Expired	(1,553,020)	$	10.54
Balance outstanding, June 30, 2023	2,807,948	$	2.45	2.5 years

Schedule of Preferred Stock

A summary of our Company's classes of preferred stock is presented below:


				Shares outstanding
Class	Par value		Shares designated	As of June 30, 2023	As of December 31, 2022
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	277,100	60,600	60,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	8,860	—	—
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	200,000	—	—
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.0001	154,670	—	—
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock	$	0.001	865,824	—	—

Subsequent to quarter-end the Company filed a certificate of elimination and the Series B, C, D & E preferred stock have been eliminated from authorized series of preferred stock.

Organization and Basis of Presentation (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$ 89.4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	9,412,486	10,964,481
Options to purchase Common Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	6,603,661	5,131,195
Warrants to purchase Common Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	2,807,948	4,490,159
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	877	877
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	0	1,342,250

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	$ 70,059	$ 88,920
Recurring basis
Assets:
Total included in cash and cash equivalents	18,792	15,722
Total available for sale investments	70,059	88,920
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	88,851	104,642
Recurring basis \| Certificate of deposit
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	7,991	16,023
Recurring basis \| Corporate debt securities
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	23,062	49,535
Recurring basis \| Commercial paper
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	11,089	13,187
Recurring basis \| Non U.S. government
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	7,802	2,288
Recurring basis \| U.S. treasury securities
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	20,115	7,887
Recurring basis \| Money market fund
Assets:
Total included in cash and cash equivalents	18,792	15,722
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)
Assets:
Total included in cash and cash equivalents	18,792	15,722
Total available for sale investments	20,115	7,887
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	38,907	23,609
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Certificate of deposit
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Corporate debt securities
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Commercial paper
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Non U.S. government
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| U.S. treasury securities
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	20,115	7,887
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Money market fund
Assets:
Total included in cash and cash equivalents	18,792	15,722
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets:
Total included in cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Total available for sale investments	49,944	81,033
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	49,944	81,033
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Certificate of deposit
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	7,991	16,023
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Corporate debt securities
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	23,062	49,535
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Commercial paper
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	11,089	13,187
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Non U.S. government
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	7,802	2,288
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| U.S. treasury securities
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Money market fund
Assets:
Total included in cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Total included in cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Certificate of deposit
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Corporate debt securities
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Commercial paper
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Non U.S. government
Assets:
Total available for sale investments		0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| U.S. treasury securities
Assets:
Total available for sale investments	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Money market fund
Assets:
Total included in cash and cash equivalents	$ 0	$ 0

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Investments Available-for-sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Maturity less than 1 year:
Amortized Cost	$ 41,413	$ 84,299
Gross Unrealized Gains	5	19
Gross Unrealized Losses	(119)	(394)
Fair Market Value	41,299	83,924
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Amortized Cost	29,077	5,016
Gross Unrealized Gains	16	1
Gross Unrealized Losses	(333)	(21)
Fair Market Value	28,760	4,996
Amortized Cost	70,490	89,315
Gross Unrealized Gains	21	20
Gross Unrealized Losses	(452)	(415)
Fair Market Value	70,059	88,920
Certificate of deposit
Maturity less than 1 year:
Amortized Cost	8,005	16,101
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	3
Gross Unrealized Losses	(14)	(81)
Fair Market Value	7,991	16,023
Corporate debt securities
Maturity less than 1 year:
Amortized Cost	14,465	44,806
Gross Unrealized Gains	5	8
Gross Unrealized Losses	(53)	(275)
Fair Market Value	14,417	44,539
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Amortized Cost	8,711	5,016
Gross Unrealized Gains	16	1
Gross Unrealized Losses	(82)	(21)
Fair Market Value	8,645	4,996
Commercial paper
Maturity less than 1 year:
Amortized Cost	11,102	13,203
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	4
Gross Unrealized Losses	(13)	(20)
Fair Market Value	11,089	13,187
U.S. government agencies
Maturity less than 1 year:
Amortized Cost	7,841
Gross Unrealized Gains	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(39)
Fair Market Value	7,802
Non U.S. government
Maturity less than 1 year:
Amortized Cost		2,284
Gross Unrealized Gains		4
Gross Unrealized Losses		0
Fair Market Value		2,288
U.S. treasury securities
Maturity less than 1 year:
Amortized Cost		7,905
Gross Unrealized Gains		0
Gross Unrealized Losses		(18)
Fair Market Value		$ 7,887
Maturity 1 to 2 years:
Amortized Cost	20,366
Gross Unrealized Gains	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	(251)
Fair Market Value	$ 20,115

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Investments Available-for-sale in a Continuous Loss Position (Details) - Corporate debt securities $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Fair Market Value	$ 2,963
Gross Unrealized Loss	$ (24)

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	$ 4,913	$ 4,682
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,557)	(3,413)
Property and equipment, net	1,356	1,269
Furniture and office equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	1,081	1,066
Leasehold improvements
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	2,568	2,560
Laboratory equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,264	$ 1,056

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued compensation	$ 2,175	$ 1,849
Clinical trials	2,364	2,333
Research agreements and services	543	509
Director fees	125	125
Patent, license and other fees	83	24
Other accrued liabilities	211	337
Total accrued liabilities	$ 5,501	$ 5,177

Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Monthly rent payments	$ 61
Annual rent increase, percentage	3.00%

Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 180	$ 190	$ 363	$ 381

Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease ROU assets	$ 1,978	$ 2,251
Current operating lease liabilities	683	675
Non-current operating lease liabilities	1,753	2,040
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 2,436	$ 2,715
Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases	3 years 8 months 12 days	4 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases	7.00%	7.00%

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 183	$ 180	$ 368	$ 251

Leases - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Leases
2023 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2023)	$ 306
2024	754
2025	775
2026	796
Thereafter	136
Total future minimum lease payments	2,767
Less imputed interest	(331)
Total	$ 2,436	$ 2,715

Stockholders' Equity - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	$ 1,581	$ 1,055	$ 2,645	$ 2,207
Options vested, fair value			3,200	3,000
Research and Development Expense
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	297	126	691	460
Selling, general and administrative expense
Stock-based compensation expense
Total stock based compensation expense	1,284	$ 929	1,954	$ 1,747
Options to purchase Common Stock
Stock-based compensation expense
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 8,400		$ 8,400
Weighted-average remaining vesting period for recognition			2 years 6 months
Options outstanding, weighted average contractual life			8 years 4 months 24 days

Stockholders' Equity - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 09, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures
Authorized shares under the plan (in shares)			3,150,000		5,150,000
Share-based payment arrangement, plan modification, incremental cost	$ 600,000
Options to purchase Common Stock
Weighted-average assumptions
Risk-free interest rate		3.61%	1.87%
Dividend yield (as a percent)		0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility (as a percent)		109.00%	106.00%
Expected term(1)		5 years 3 months 18 days	6 years
Number of Options
Balance outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)		5,069,458
Granted (in shares)		2,088,608
Forfeited and expired (in shares)		(554,405)
Balance outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	6,603,661	6,603,661
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)	2,766,027	2,766,027
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	6,410,335	6,410,335
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance outstanding at the beginning of the period (in USD per share)		$ 5.92
Granted (in USD per share)		1.71
Forfeited and expired (in USD per share)		7.12
Balance outstanding at the end of the period (in USD per share)	$ 4.49	4.49
Exercisable at the end of the period (in USD per share)	6.16	6.16
Vested and expected to vest (in USD per share)	$ 4.55	$ 4.55
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures
Options outstanding, intrinsic value	$ 23,351	$ 23,351		$ 19,322
Exercisable at the end of the period, intrinsic value	21,713	21,713
Vested and expected to vest, intrinsic value	$ 23,269	$ 23,269
Inducement Grant Stock Options
Number of Options
Granted (in shares)	1,385,240
Equity Incentive Plan 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures
Number of remaining shares available for issuance (in shares)	2,013,871	2,013,871

Stockholders' Equity - Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity - Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Number of Warrants
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	2,807,948		2,807,948
Expired (in shares)	(1,553,020)
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)		4,360,968	4,360,968
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the beginning of the period (in USD per share)		$ 5.33	$ 5.33
Expired (in USD per share)	$ 10.54
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the end of the period (in USD per share)	$ 2.45		$ 2.45
Term
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		2 years 1 month 6 days	2 years 6 months

Stockholders' Equity - Preferred Stock (Details) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares designated (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Shares designated (in shares)	277,100
Shares outstanding (in shares)	60,600	60,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Shares designated (in shares)	8,860
Shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Shares designated (in shares)	200,000
Shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Shares designated (in shares)	154,670
Shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Shares designated (in shares)	865,824
Shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0