By Sara Sjolin, MarketWatch

LONDON (MarketWatch) -- After a volatile trading session, European stock markets ended broadly higher on Monday as investors digested both better-than-expected Chinese export data and an unexpected drop in German industrial production.

The Stoxx Europe 600 index rose 0.2% to close at 317.15, after last week's 2.7% loss. The index was swinging between small gains and losses earlier in the day, but moved higher when the U.S. markets opened in positive territory.

"I don't think there is much to read into today's trading aside from the fact we have not seen a large amount of volumes, which echoes the seasonal theme that we are heading into the quieter periods of the market, the seasonal trading period," said Joshua Raymond, chief market strategist at Cityindex.co.uk.

The European benchmark index has slid 2.5% in December so far, raising questions about whether the market can manage a so-called Santa Rally for the remainder of the month.

"Many are seeing the early month weakness as a buying opportunity and so given the historical tendencies for December trading, I think it's too early to call the end of the Santa Rally at this stage," Raymond added.

Among the biggest movers on Monday, shares of GDF Suez SA gained 2% after Bank of America Merrill Lynch lifted the French utility firm to buy from neutral.

Shares of Tullow Oil PLC fell 3.3% after the oil-exploration company said it has plugged a well in the South Omo block onshore Ethiopia and abandoned it as a dry hole.

China and German data

More broadly, investors looked to Asia, where Chinese trade data spurred optimism about the global economic recovery. Exports rose 12.7% in November, well ahead of both October's 5.6% and analyst expectations. Meanwhile, imports grew a more modest 5.3%.

In Europe, data showed industrial production in Germany dropped 1.2% in October, below expectations of an increase of 0.8%. The figures signaled a weak start to the fourth quarter for the country's important industrial sector, but the economics ministry was comforted by rising business sentiment indicators, predicting that German manufacturing should again expand in coming months.

Additionally, Germany's trade surplus narrowed and was lower than expected in October, as imports sharply rose and outpaced a modest increase in exports.

"There is confidence that this is a mere blip and production over the quarter should bounce back. It's not been a great morning of economic data given the German trade surplus narrowed more than expected and the import data from China was weaker than expected, which has curtailed investment in resource stocks today," Raymond from Cityindex.co.uk said.

Germany's DAX 30 index rose 0.3% to 9,195.17. Sky Deutschland AG jumped 5.2% outside the main index in Frankfurt after the TV-operator purchased the broadcast rights in Germany for Europe's UEFA Champions League until the end of the 2017-2018 season.

France's CAC 40 index rose 0.1% to 4,134.10 and the U.K.'s FTSE 100 index inched 0.1% higher to 6,559.48.

Mining firms added pressure in London after the Chinese import data. Shares of Rio Tinto PLC (RIO) lost 0.4% and Vedanta Resources PLC dropped 2.7%.

Outside the main indexes, shares of Inmarsat PLC rallied 5.8% after the satellite-telecom firm said it had successfully launched its first Global Express satellite.

More must-reads from MarketWatch:

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Weidmann: ECB has tools to act further

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