Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

⌧	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from to

Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	001-39746	47-4005543
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(Commission File No.)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 Binney Street, Suite 600

Cambridge, MA 02142

(Address, including zip code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

(617) 336-7540

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	SGTX	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ⌧

Smaller reporting company ⌧

Emerging growth company ⌧

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

As of August 1, 2023, there were 2,514,498 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding

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Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I - Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market and Risk	32
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32
PART II - Other Information		32
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	87
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	87
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	87
Item 5.	Other Information	87
Item 6.	Exhibits	88
	Signatures	89

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RISK FACTORS SUMMARY

Our business is subject to a number of risks, including risks that may adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows, and prospects. These risks are discussed more fully in “Item 1.A Risk Factors” and include, but are not limited to, risks related to:

●

The conditions under that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the Merger Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2023, by and among us, Eli Lilly and Company, or Lilly, and Shenandoah Acquisition Corporation, to Lilly’s consummation of the tender offer and our subsequent merger with Purchaser may not be satisfied at all or in the anticipated timeframe.

●

While the tender offer and proposed merger are pending, we are subject to business uncertainties and contractual restrictions that could disrupt our business.

●

Litigation filed or that may be filed against us and/or the members of our board of directors could prevent or delay the consummation of the merger.

●

In the event that the merger is not consummated, we may, under certain circumstances, be obligated to pay a termination fee to Lilly and the trading price of our common stock and our future business and results of operations may be negatively affected.

●

We have incurred significant losses since inception. We expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

●

Negative results of preclinical or clinical studies of any of our product candidates may require us to discontinue or delay development of other product candidates, which are all based on the same SLTx platform.

●

The SLTx platform consists of novel technologies that are not yet clinically validated for human therapeutic use. The approaches we are taking to discover and develop novel therapeutics are unproven and may never lead to marketable products.

●

We may not be successful in our efforts to identify and develop product candidates. If these efforts are unsuccessful, we may never become a commercial stage company or generate any revenues.

●

We are early in our development efforts. It will be many years before we or our collaborators commercialize a product candidate, if ever. If we are unable to advance our product candidates to clinical development, obtain regulatory approval and ultimately commercialize our product candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed.

●

Drug development is a lengthy, expensive, and inherently uncertain process, with a high risk of failure at every stage of development, and any favorable preclinical results are not predictive of results that may be observed in clinical trials.

●

Our product candidates are composed of engineered human cell lines, encapsulated in a biocompatible matrix sphere. To date, there have been no completed human clinical trials for product candidates arising from our SLTx platform or consisting of our cell or sphere technologies. There may be serious adverse events, undesirable side effects related to either component of our product candidates, or limited efficacy of product candidates arising from our SLTx platform.

●

If clinical trials of our current and future product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of regulatory authorities or do not otherwise produce positive results, we may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of such product candidates.

●

If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property protection for our product candidates and for our SLTx platform, or if the scope of the patent and other intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize products and technologies similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize any product candidates we develop, and our SLTx platform may be adversely affected.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements include terms such as "may," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "could," "intend," "target," "project," "contemplate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:

●

the timing and the consummation of the proposed acquisition of the Company by Eli Lilly and Company;

●

our ability to advance any product candidates that we may develop and successfully complete any clinical studies, including the process development, scale up and manufacturing activities for our product candidates;

●

our ability to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures requirements;

●

our belief that, at commercial scale, the cost of goods for some of our programs will be significantly lower than existing cell or gene therapies;

●

our ability to identify and enter into future license agreements and collaborations; and

●

estimates of our expenses, capital requirements and needs for additional financing.

There may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control and that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,621	$	42,066
Marketable securities		15,279		27,560
Accounts receivable		4,495		2,171
Unbilled accounts receivable		2,363		1,287
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,860		1,077
Restricted cash, current portion		250		250
Total current assets		44,868		74,411
Property and equipment, net		2,589		2,854
Right‑of‑use assets		7,062		8,979
Restricted cash		1,040		1,034
Total assets	$	55,559	$	87,278
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,110	$	936
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		5,835		6,021
Lease liabilities, current portion		4,523		4,485
Current portion of long‑term debt		—		6,667
Deferred revenue from related party, current portion		13,779		12,885
Total current liabilities		25,247		30,994
Lease liability, net of current portion		2,865		4,888
Long‑term debt, net of discount and current portion		—		12,021
Other liabilities		—		233
Total liabilities		28,112		48,136
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 175,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 2,502,084 and 2,497,429 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		3		3
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—		—
Additional paid‑in capital		299,305		296,368
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(177)		(429)
Accumulated deficit		(271,684)		(256,800)
Total stockholders’ equity		27,447		39,142
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	55,559	$	87,278

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue
Collaboration revenue	$	5,900	$	2,883	$	10,758	$	6,048
Operating expenses:
Research and development		7,451		11,877		15,233		23,495
General and administrative		5,884		5,042		10,207		10,066
Total operating expenses		13,335		16,919		25,440		33,561
Loss from operations		(7,435)		(14,036)		(14,682)		(27,513)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income		433		178		909		242
Interest expense		(310)		(543)		(921)		(1,034)
Other income, net		81		55		85		100
Loss on extinguishment from debt		(275)		—		(275)		—
Total other income (expense), net		(71)		(310)		(202)		(692)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	$	(7,506)	$	(14,346)	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(3.00)	$	(5.76)	$	(5.95)	$	(11.32)
Weighted average common stock outstanding—basic and diluted		2,501,900		2,492,251		2,499,701		2,490,779

Other comprehensive gain (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable debt securities		96		(167)		252		(546)
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)		96		(167)		252		(546)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(7,410)	$	(14,513)	$	(14,632)	$	(28,751)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of

Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited, in thousands, except share amounts)


						Accumulated
				Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid‑In		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balances at December 31, 2022	2,497,429	$	3	$	296,368	$	(429)	$	(256,800)	$	39,142
Issuance of ESPP shares	4,467		—		25		—		—		25
Stock‑based compensation expense	—		—		1,349		—		—		1,349
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities	—		—		—		156		—		156
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(7,378)		(7,378)
Balances at March 31, 2023	2,501,896	$	3	$	297,742	$	(273)	$	(264,178)	$	33,294
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	188		—		4		—		—		4
Stock‑based compensation expense	—		—		1,559		—		—		1,559
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities	—		—		—		96		—		96
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(7,506)		(7,506)
Balances at June 30, 2023	2,502,084	$	3	$	299,305	$	(177)	$	(271,684)	$	27,447

Balances at December 31, 2021	2,489,222	$	3	$	290,406	$	(10)	$	(213,239)	$	77,160
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	64		—		1		—		—		1
Issuance of ESPP shares	2,963		—		47		—		—		47
Stock‑based compensation expense	—		—		1,618		—		—		1,618
Unrealized loss on marketable debt securities	—		—		—		(379)		—		(379)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(13,859)		(13,859)
Balances at March 31, 2022	2,492,249	$	3	$	292,072	$	(389)	$	(227,098)	$	64,588
Stock‑based compensation expense	—		—		1,731		—		—		1,731
Unrealized loss on marketable debt securities	—		—		—		(167)		—		(167)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(14,346)		(14,346)
Balances at June 30, 2022	2,492,249	$	3	$	293,803	$	(556)	$	(241,444)	$	51,806

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense		625		633
Gain on disposal of fixed assets		(10)		(20)
Stock‑based compensation expense		2,908		3,349
Non‑cash lease expense		1,917		2,114
Non‑cash interest expense		77		140
Loss on debt extinguishment		275		—
Amortization of (discount) premium on marketable securities		(39)		45
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(2,324)		36
Unbilled accounts receivable		(1,076)		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(1,782)		(873)
Accounts payable		205		(1,095)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(126)		(2,374)
Other liabilities		(233)		281
Lease liabilities		(1,985)		(2,256)
Deferred revenue		894		(6,044)
Net cash used in operating activities		(15,558)		(34,269)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities		(6,892)		(41,040)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities		19,464		3,000
Purchase of property and equipment		(490)		(506)
Proceed from the sale of fixed assets		48		169
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		12,130		(38,377)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of debt		(19,040)		—
Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options and employee equity plans		29		48
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(19,011)		48
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(22,439)		(72,598)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		43,350		108,511
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	20,911	$	35,913
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	841	$	888
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities:
Gain on trade-in of fixed assets	$	40	$	—
Sale of property and equipment in prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1	$	—
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	21	$	5
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities	$	—	$	68

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company” or “Sigilon”) is a preclinical stage biotechnology company pioneering a new class of therapeutics and seeking to develop functional cures for patients with a wide range of diseases by providing stable and durable levels of therapeutic molecules to patients. The Company was incorporated on May 14, 2015 under the laws of the State of Delaware.

The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, the successful completion of research and development, development by competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of technology, compliance with government regulations, and the ability to secure additional capital to fund operations and commercial success of its product candidates.

Since its inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to raising capital, obtaining financing, and incurring research and development costs related to advancing its biomedical platform. Product candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure and extensive compliance-reporting capabilities. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize significant revenue from product sales.

Proposed Acquisition by Eli Lilly and Company

On June 28, 2023, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Eli Lilly and Company, an Indiana corporation (“Lilly”), and Lilly’s wholly owned subsidiary, Shenandoah Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Purchaser”).

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, Purchaser will commence a tender offer (the “Offer”) to purchase any and all of the issued and outstanding shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company in exchange for (a) $14.92 per Share, net to the stockholder in cash, without interest (the “Closing Amount”), plus (b) one contingent value right per Share (each, a “CVR”), which represents the contractual right to receive up to three contingent payments for an aggregate of up to $111.64 per CVR, net to the stockholder in cash, without interest and less any tax withholding, upon the achievement of certain specified milestones.

Following the consummation of the Offer and the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions as set forth in the Merger Agreement, Purchaser will be merged with and into us, or the Merger, without a meeting of our stockholders in accordance with Section 251(h) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and we will be the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Lilly. As a result of the Merger, we will cease to be a publicly traded company.

The obligation of Lilly and Purchaser to consummate the Offer is subject to various conditions, including, among others, that there be validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to the expiration of the Offer a number of Shares that, together with the number of Shares, if any, then owned beneficially by Lilly and Purchaser (together with their wholly owned subsidiaries) would represent a majority of the Shares outstanding as of the consummation of the Offer, or the Minimum Tender Condition. The Minimum Tender Condition may not be waived by Purchaser without our prior written consent. In addition, the obligation of Purchaser to consummate the Offer is conditioned upon, among other things, the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company (subject to certain materiality exceptions), material compliance by the Company with its covenants under the Merger Agreement, and other customary closing conditions. Consummation of the Offer is not subject to a financing condition.

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The Merger Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and covenants. We have agreed, among other things, to use commercially reasonable efforts to operate our business in the ordinary course until the time at which the Purchaser irrevocably accepts for purchase all Shares validly tendered (and not validly withdrawn) pursuant to the Offer and not to engage in specified types of transactions during such period. We have also agreed to customary non-solicitation restrictions, including not to initiate, solicit, knowingly facilitate or engage in discussions with third parties regarding other proposals for alternative business combination transactions involving us or change the recommendation of our Board of Directors to our stockholders regarding the Offer, in each case, except as otherwise permitted by the Merger Agreement, including to enter into an alternative transaction that constitutes a Superior Proposal (as defined in the Merger Agreement) in compliance with our Board’s fiduciary duties under applicable law and subject to payment of a termination fee.

The Merger Agreement also contains customary termination provisions for both Lilly and us and, under certain circumstances, may require us to pay Lilly a termination fee of $1.3 million.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with (i) U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and (ii) the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, such financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for a complete set of financial statements. In the opinion of management, the Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals and other adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the footnote disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

The Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and related notes included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”). The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the Notes to Financial Statements in the 2022 Form 10-K and are updated, as necessary, in subsequent Form 10-Q filings.

Reverse Stock Split

On May 22, 2023, the Company effected a 1-for-13 reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock. All shares, stock options, warrants and per share information presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split on a retroactive basis for all periods presented. There was no change in the par value and authorized number of shares of the Company’s common stock as part of the reverse stock split.

Going Concern

The Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

From its inception through June 30, 2023, the Company has funded its operations primarily with proceeds from its initial public offering, sales of convertible preferred stock, payments received under its collaboration agreement and proceeds from borrowings under loan and security agreements. The Company has incurred recurring losses since inception, including net losses of $7.5 million and $14.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $43.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, as of June 30, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $271.7 million. The Company expects to generate significant losses and negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future.

Based on its current operating plans, the Company believes its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $34.9 million as of June 30, 2023 will be sufficient to fund its anticipated level of operations and capital expenditures

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for a period of at least 12 months from the issuance date of this Quarterly Report. In the event that the proposed acquisition by Eli Lilly and Company as described in Note 1 is not consummated, the Company will seek additional funding through equity financings, debt financing, or additional collaboration agreements. If the Company is unable to raise additional funds through equity financing, debt financings or additional collaboration agreements the Company may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market products or product candidates that the Company would otherwise prefer to develop and market itself.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Estimates and assumptions reflected in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, research and development expenses and stock-based awards. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Concentration of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers

The financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are cash and accounts receivable. The Company does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 100% of the Company’s receivables were related to the Company’s collaboration agreements with Eli Lilly and Company (Note 8).

The Company is dependent on third-party manufacturers to supply certain products for research and development activities in its programs. The Company currently has a supplier of certain raw materials that would be considered a sole supplier. If the Company cannot access additional suppliers or secure sufficient inventory of these raw materials, its programs could be adversely affected by an interruption in the availability of these raw materials.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

The Company only has one class of shares outstanding and basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards. For periods in which the Company reports a net loss, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.

3. Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities

Value Measurements

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets that have been measured at fair value as of June 30, 2023 and indicate the fair value of the hierarchy of the valuation inputs utilized to determine such fair value. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair value determined by Level 2 inputs utilize observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs are unobservable data points for the asset or liability, and include situations

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where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 financial assets.

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Fair value measurements as of
	June 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	13,437	$	—	$	—	$	13,437
U.S. Treasuries		—		2,969		—		2,969
Total cash equivalents		13,437		2,969		—		16,406
Marketable securities
Corporate bonds		—		8,332		—		8,332
U.S. Treasuries		—		6,947		—		6,947
Total marketable securities		—		15,279		—		15,279
Total	$	13,437	$	18,248	$	—	$	31,685


	Fair value measurements as of
	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	29,310	$	—	$	—	$	29,310
Commercial paper		—		1,994		—		1,994
U.S. Government Agencies		—		4,999		—		4,999
Total cash equivalents		29,310		6,993		—		36,303
Marketable securities
Corporate bonds		—		21,594		—		21,594
Commercial paper		—		1,738		—		1,738
U.S. Government Agencies		—		1,235		—		1,235
U.S. Treasuries		—		2,993		—		2,993
Total marketable securities		—		27,560		—		27,560
Total	$	29,310	$	34,553	$	—	$	63,863

Marketable Securities

The following tables summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale marketable debt securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Fair value measurements as of
	June 30, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Credit
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Losses		Total
Corporate bonds	$	8,507	$	—	$	(175)	$	—	$	8,332
U.S. Treasuries		6,948		—		(1)		—		6,947
Total	$	15,455	$	—	$	(176)	$	—	$	15,279


	Fair value measurements as of
	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Credit
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Losses		Total
Corporate bonds	$	21,994	$	—	$	(400)	$	—	$	21,594
Commercial paper		1,743		—		(5)		—		1,738

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U.S. Government Agencies		1,248		—		(13)		—		1,235
U.S. Treasuries		2,999		—		(6)		—		2,993
Total	$	27,984	$	—	$	(424)	$	—	$	27,560

The unrealized losses at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were attributed to changes in interest rates and unrealized losses do not represent credit losses.

The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale marketable debt securities by contractual maturity as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Maturities in one year or less	$	7,436	$	23,231
Maturities between one and two years		7,843		4,329
Total	$	15,279	$	27,560

The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates its fair value at December 31, 2022 because the debt bears interest at a variable market rate and the Company’s credit risk has not materially changed since the inception of the agreement.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 the Company did not have any other financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

4. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Laboratory equipment	$	6,191	$	6,301
Leasehold improvements		78		78
Furniture and fixtures		620		620
Computers and software		273		177
		7,162		7,176
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(4,573)		(4,322)
Total property and equipment, net	$	2,589	$	2,854

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.3 million, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.6 million.

5. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Employee compensation and benefits	$	2,842	$	4,243
External research and development costs		585		817
Legal and professional fees		2,379		714
Interest on long-term debt		—		195
Other		29		52
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	5,835	$	6,021

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6. Debt

The following discussion of the Company’s debt should be read in conjunction with Note 6 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2022 Form 10-K.

As of December 31, 2022, long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2022
Principal amount of long-term debt	$	18,333
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		(6,667)
Long-term debt, net of current portion		11,666
Final debt payment liability		700
Debt discount, net of accretion		(345)
Long-term debt, net of discount and current portion	$	12,021

As of December 31, 2022, the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the loan and security agreement with Oxford Finance LLC (the “2020 Credit Facility”) was 12.4% and the Company was in full compliance with all financial covenants of the 2020 Credit Facility.

On May 19, 2023, the Company voluntarily repaid all outstanding principal, accrued and unpaid interest, fees, costs and expenses, equal to $16.4 million in the aggregate (the “Payoff Amount”), under the 2020 Credit Facility. The Payoff Amount included a final payment charge of 3.5% of the original principal amount of the term loan that was funded. Upon receipt by the Oxford Finance LLC of the Payoff Amount on May 19, 2023, all obligations, covenants, debts and liabilities of the Company under the 2020 Credit Facility were satisfied and discharged in full, and the 2020 Credit Facility and all other obligations of the Company under the 2020 Credit Facility were terminated.

7. Stock Based Compensation

The Company uses stock options to provide long-term incentives to its employees, non-employee directors and certain consultants. The Company has two equity compensation plans under which awards are currently authorized for issuance: the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company also has outstanding stock-based awards under its 2016 Equity Incentive Plan but is no longer granting awards under this plan. As of June 30, 2023, there were 126,557 shares available for issuance under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan and 86,145 shares available for issuance under the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company was a private company prior to the initial public offering and lacked company-specific historical and implied volatility information for its stock. Therefore, it estimates its expected stock price volatility based on the historical volatility of a publicly traded set of peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded stock price. The expected term of the Company’s stock options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The expected term of options granted to non-employees is equal to the contractual term of the option award. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. The expected dividend yield of 0% is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on common stock and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

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The following table presents, on a weighted average basis, the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors:


	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Risk-free interest rate		3.65	%		2.61	%		4.05	%		1.69	%
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected term (in years)		5.8			5.9			6.1			6.0
Expected volatility		98.02	%		83.87	%		95.14	%		84.25	%

Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity since December 31, 2022:


				Weighted
				average
		Weighted		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	average		contractual term	intrinsic value
	options	exercise price		(in years)	(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2022	377,749	$	86.19	7.8	$	—
Options granted	140,529		14.00
Options cancelled	(24,323)		47.96
Options exercised	(188)		19.24
Outstanding and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	493,767		67.53	7.9		1,752
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	214,592	$	91.88	6.4	$	269

The aggregate intrinsic value of options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock for those options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company’s common stock.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 were less than $0.1 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were $0 and $3.6 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were $6.59, $11.18, $10.88 and $108.55 respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company has granted restricted stock units with time-based vesting conditions to employees. The restricted stock units primarily vest over 3 years from the grant date. The Company values restricted stock units on the grant-date using the market price of the Company’s common stock.

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity since December 31, 2022:


		Weighted
		average grant
	Shares	date fair value
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2022	11,563	$	72.02
Forfeited	(480)		73.45
Unvested shares as of June 30, 2023	11,083	$	72.02

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Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units was classified in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	530	$	549	$	962	$	1,064
General and administrative		1,029		1,182		1,946		2,285
	$	1,559	$	1,731	$	2,908	$	3,349

As of June 30, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards and units was $8.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

At-the-Market Offering

On April 14, 2022, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord Genuity LLC, or Canaccord, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of common stock, from time to time, having an aggregate offering price of up to $10.0 million. Sales of common stock through Canaccord may be made by any method that is deemed an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company is not obligated to make any sales of its common stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement. Any sales under the Equity Distribution Agreement will be made pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-3 (File No 333- 264296), which became effective on April 22, 2022 and the prospectus relating to such offering. There were no sales under the Equity Distribution Agreement as of June 30, 2023.

8. License and Collaboration Agreement

Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement

On April 2, 2018, the Company entered into a License and Collaboration Agreement with Lilly (the “2018 Lilly Agreement”). Under the 2018 Lilly Agreement, the Company granted Lilly an exclusive worldwide, royalty-bearing license, including the right to grant sublicenses, to the Company’s encapsulation technology applied to islet cells. The Company is responsible for research and development activities, including supply and manufacturing activities, through investigational new drug (“IND”) filing readiness for the first product candidate, including costs up to $47.5 million and certain supply and manufacturing of products and materials in Phase 1 clinical trials and for clinical and commercial use following Phase 1 clinical trials; provided, however, that, pursuant to an amendment to the 2018 Lilly Agreement entered in May 2022, Lilly may take on certain research and development activities, at its own cost and expense, including supply and manufacturing activities. In addition, Lilly will be responsible for development and commercialization of any licensed product post-IND filing readiness and research and development costs for the IND product candidate above the $47.5 million cost threshold. Lilly is also responsible for all research, development and commercialization related to any subsequent product candidate. The parties are collaborating with the intent of developing encapsulated cell therapies for the potential treatment of type 1 diabetes. The activities under the agreement are governed by a joint research committee (“JRC”), which meets quarterly and consists of at least three members each from the Company and Lilly.

Under the 2018 Lilly Agreement, Lilly was obligated to pay the Company a one-time, non-refundable and non-creditable license issuance fee of $62.5 million. Lilly is also obligated to make aggregate milestone payments to the Company of up to $165.0 million upon achievement of certain regulatory milestones for the first licensed product and regulatory milestones up to $160.0 million for additional licensed products. Lilly is also obligated to pay the company sales-based milestones of up to $250.0 million for each licensed product and tiered (from mid-single-to-low-double digit) sales-based royalties for each licensed product. The 2018 Lilly Agreement will expire upon the expiration of the last royalty term, on a product-by-product and country-for country basis. The royalty term, by product and country, commences upon the first commercial sale and ends upon the later to occur of (i) the expiration of the Company’s patent rights of a

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product candidate developed under the Lilly Agreement, (ii) the expiration of any data exclusivity period in a country or (iii) 10 years after the first commercial sale.

The Company will have the right, and the obligation, to supply Lilly’s requirements for the material to be used in the manufacture of licensed products for clinical and commercial use. In connection with the supply responsibilities, the parties may enter into supply and quality agreements for both clinical and commercial supply.

The Company evaluated the 2018 Lilly Agreement under ASC 606 as the transactions underlying the agreement were considered transactions with a customer. The Company identified the following material promises under the arrangement: (i) exclusive license to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize licensed products, (ii) initial technology transfer, (iii) research activities (including pre-IND supply), (iv) cell line development and supply, (v) product trademark election, (vi) requirement to supply Lilly with the licensed product related to Phase 1 clinical trial (“Phase 1 Supply”) and (vii) participation in the JRC.

The Company determined that the exclusive license to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize the licensed product was not distinct from the related research and manufacturing activities to be provided by the Company as a result of Lilly being unable to benefit on its own or with other resources reasonably available in the marketplace because the license to the Company’s intellectual property requires significant specialized capabilities in order to be further developed, the research services necessary to develop the product are highly specialized and the Company’s proprietary technology is a key capability of that development. The cell line development and supply and research activities were determined not to be distinct because they are performed in conjunction with the research activities to further develop the underlying technology. The product trademark was determined not to be distinct because the benefit that Lilly receives from the Company’s trademark license only exists when combined with the right to commercialize the licensed product. In addition, the Company determined that the impact of the participation in the JRC was insignificant and had an immaterial impact on the accounting model. Therefore, the Company determined that the first five promises should be combined into a single performance obligation (the “Combined Performance Obligation”). The Company determined the sixth promise, the Phase 1 Supply promise, is distinct in the contract. As this is at no cost to Lilly, the right to receive this supply represents a material right and a distinct performance obligation. As such, the Company determined there were two distinct performance obligations at the outset of the 2018 Lilly Agreement.

The Company determined that the $62.5 million upfront payment represents the entirety of the consideration to be included in the transaction price as of the outset of the arrangement. The potential milestone payments that the Company may have been eligible to receive were initially excluded from the transaction price at the outset of the arrangement because (i) all development and regulatory milestone payments did not meet the criteria for inclusion using the most-likely-amount method and (ii) the Company recognizes as revenue sales-based milestones and royalties when the related sales occur. As of June 30, 2023, no milestones or royalties have been deemed likely to be achieved or have been achieved.

The Company recognizes revenue for the Combined Performance Obligation as the research, development and manufacturing services are provided using an input method, based on the cumulative costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the Combined Performance Obligation. The transfer of control to the customer occurs over the time period that the research and development services are to be provided by the Company, and this cost-to-cost method is, in management’s judgement, the best measure of progress toward satisfying this performance obligation. The Company allocated $56.6 million of the transaction price to the Combined Performance Obligation at the outset of the arrangement.

The Phase 1 Supply was determined to be a material right, and the standalone selling price was estimated using the expected cost-plus margin approach. The Company allocated $5.9 million of the transaction price to the Phase 1 Supply at the outset of the arrangement. The Company has determined that the Phase 1 Supply will be satisfied at a point in time when the customer obtains control of each unit of product. Therefore, the Company will recognize revenue as shipments of the Phase 1 Supply are made to Lilly.

The Company reevaluates the transaction price and the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligations at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events, such as changes to the expected timing and cost of certain research, development and manufacturing activities that the Company is responsible for, are resolved

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or other changes in circumstances occur, and, if necessary, the Company will adjust its estimate of the transaction price and total estimated costs expected to be incurred.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, consistent with the Company’s presentation to the JRC, the Company revised its estimate of total costs to complete the activities under the 2018 Lilly Agreement to reflect the Company’s experiences to date and the impact this has on its expected future research and development activities to satisfy the Combined Performance Obligation. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there has been an increase to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred of $6.8 million verse the estimate as of December 31, 2022. The increase in total estimated costs impacted both the Company’s estimated transaction price for the 2018 Lilly Agreement, as Lilly is obligated to reimburse the Company if the costs exceed $47.5 million to complete the services, which occurred in September 2022, and the Company’s input method used to recognize revenue, as this measure compares the Company’s cumulative costs incurred to the Company’s total estimated costs expected to be incurred. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, based on the allocation of total transaction price to each performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation under the 2018 Lilly Agreement, the transaction price for the Combined Performance Obligation increased by $6.9 million and the Phase 1 supply performance obligation increased by $0.7 million.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $5.9 million, $2.9 million, $10.8 million and $6.0 million, respectively, of collaboration revenue. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded as a contract liability deferred revenue of $13.8 million and $12.9 million, respectively, which were classified as current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the research and development services related to the Combined Performance Obligation were expected to be performed over a remaining period of approximately 1.5 years and 2.0 years, respectively.

Contract Liability

The changes in the total contract liability (deferred revenue) balances related to the Company’s license and collaboration agreements with Lilly were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Deferred revenues at beginning of period	$	12,987	$	19,206	$	12,885	$	22,367
Revenues deferred during the period		6,692		—		11,652		—
Revenues recognized during the period		(5,900)		(2,883)		(10,758)		(6,044)
Deferred revenues at end of period	$	13,779	$	16,323	$	13,779	$	16,323

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with members of its board of directors and certain of its executive officers that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in many cases, unlimited. The Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and is not currently aware of any indemnification claims.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is not a party to any material legal proceedings. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions

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of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses as incurred the costs related to such legal proceedings.

10. Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(7,506)	$	(14,346)	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(7,506)	$	(14,346)	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)
Denominator:
Weighted average common stock outstanding—basic and diluted		2,501,900		2,492,251		2,499,701		2,490,779
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(3.00)	$	(5.76)	$	(5.95)	$	(11.32)

The Company’s potential dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,464	1,464	1,464	1,464
Unvested restricted stock units	11,083	15,223	11,083	17,069
Stock options to purchase common stock	493,767	386,957	493,767	312,157
	506,314	403,644	506,314	330,690

11. Related Party Transactions

As described in Note 8 above, the Company entered into the 2018 Lilly Agreement with Lilly in April 2018. During the three and six months ended June, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $5.9 million, $2.9 million, $10.8 million and $6.0 million, respectively, of related party revenue associated with Lilly collaboration agreements. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had deferred revenue related to the collaboration agreements with Lilly of $13.8 million and $12.9 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $4.5 million and $2.2 million of outstanding receivables with Lilly. Further, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $2.4 million and $1.3 million of unbilled receivables with Lilly.

On February 1, 2022, the Company entered into a shared space arrangement with a portfolio company of Flagship Pioneering, to sublease a portion of its office and laboratory space in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The term of the shared space arrangement commenced on February 1, 2022 and continues for an initial term ending on July 31, 2023. The agreement may be renewed for six successive one-month periods. The Company will be paid a fee based on the portfolio company’s occupancy of the office and laboratory space. Under this agreement, the Company recorded other income, net, of less than $0.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The Company received $1.8 million of cash payments during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and as of June 30, 2023, the Company had $0.3 million of outstanding receivables under this agreement.

On June 28, 2023, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement, among the Company, Lilly and Purchaser. For additional information related to the Merger Agreement, refer to Note 1 above.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Some of the numbers included herein have been rounded for the convenience of presentation. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a preclinical stage biotechnology company pioneering a new class of therapeutics and seeking to develop functional cures for patients with acute and chronic diseases by providing stable and durable levels of therapeutic molecules to patients. We have developed our Shielded Living Therapeutics, or SLTx, platform, which combines advanced cell engineering with cutting-edge innovations in cell differentiation and biocompatible materials, and enables our product candidates to provide a wide range of functions or therapeutic molecules that may be missing or dysfunctional in patients. We are designing our product candidates to be off-the-shelf, durable, controllable and redosable, without requiring modification of the patient’s genes or chronic suppression of the patient’s immune system.

Since our inception, we have devoted substantially all of our efforts to raising capital, obtaining financing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, organizing and staffing our company and incurring research and development costs related to advancing our biomedical platform. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales. To date, we have funded our operations primarily with proceeds from sales of common stock and convertible preferred stock, payments received under our collaboration agreement with Lilly and proceeds from borrowings under our credit facilities. Through June 30, 2023, we have received gross proceeds of $144.9 million from the sale of common stock in the initial public offering and $142.4 million from sales of our convertible preferred stock. We have also partnered one of our encapsulation technology programs with Lilly. Under the terms of the partnership, we received an upfront payment of $62.5 million and we are eligible to receive additional milestone payments of up to $165.0 million upon achievement of certain regulatory milestones and payments of up to $250.0 million upon achievement of sales-based milestones for SIG-002. We are also eligible to receive tiered royalty payments in the mid-single digit to low-double digit percentages based on certain sales thresholds. Finally, Lilly is obligated to reimburse us for costs incurred to perform the research and development activities for the first developed product candidate, including costs incurred over $47.5 million, which was exceeded in September 2022.

We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception. Our ability to generate any product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on the successful development and eventual commercialization of one or more of our product candidates. We reported net losses of $7.5 million and $14.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $271.7 million and cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $34.9 million. Based on our current operating plans, we believe our cash will be sufficient to fund our anticipated level of operations and capital expenditures for a period of at least 12 months from the issuance date of this Quarterly Report. We expect to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future.

Proposed Acquisition by Eli Lilly and Company

On June 28, 2023, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the Merger Agreement with Eli Lilly and Company, or Lilly, and Lilly’s wholly owned subsidiary, Shenandoah Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation, or Purchaser.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, Lilly commenced a tender offer, or the Offer to purchase any and all of the issued and outstanding shares, or the Shares, of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, in exchange for (a) $14.92 per Share, net to the stockholder in cash, without interest, plus (b) one contingent value right per Share, each, a CVR, which represents the contractual right to receive up to three contingent payments for an aggregate of up to $111.64 per CVR, net to the stockholder in cash, without interest and less any tax withholding, upon the achievement of certain specified milestones in accordance with the terms and subject to the

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conditions of a Contingent Value Rights Agreement (the “CVR Agreement”) to be entered into between Lilly and an agent selected by Lilly and reasonably acceptable to the Company (the “Rights Agent”) .

The Merger Agreement also contains customary termination provisions for both Lilly and us and, under certain circumstances, may require us to pay Lilly a termination fee of $1.3 million.

Our Shielded Living Therapeutics Platform and Prioritized Areas of Development

Our SLTx platform is comprised of two primary elements: the cells and the sphere. We differentiate stem cells into the appropriate cell types, such as islet cells in the case of our diabetes program, which both sense and respond. We also engineer cells to express a therapeutic molecule of choice in a continuous manner, which we refer to as constitutive expression. Our human cell lines are selected for each indication based on their safety, durability, scalability, functionality and engineerability. These cells are subsequently encapsulated in our proprietary and biocompatible spheres. The spheres are composed of an Afibromer outer layer, an alginate conjugated with a novel, proprietary small molecule, which was derived from 10 years of work in the MIT labs of Professors Robert Langer and Daniel Anderson. This work culminated in a series of patents and patent applications to which we obtained exclusive rights through our license agreement with MIT. The spheres are designed to prevent the generation of an immune response against the spheres encapsulating the cells while enabling nutrient influx and therapeutic protein efflux.

Modularity, a key attribute of our SLTx platform, is comprised of three core pillars: the cells, the sphere and the manufacturing process. In addition to the cells and the sphere described above, we have also spent significant time and resources to create a state-of-the-art modular manufacturing platform for all potential product candidates developed using our cell and sphere components. This cost-effective manufacturing platform is designed to provide a true “off-the-shelf” product for patients. Furthermore, virtually all aspects of the platform for a specific cell line, from raw materials to processing steps, can be shared across our development programs using such cell line, enabling a potentially streamlined path from discovery to clinical trials. This modularity has created an efficient engine for generation of product candidates.

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Our programs and most advanced product candidates are outlined below:

Diabetes: SIG-002 is our product candidate designed to replace islet cells for the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes, or T1D. In T1D, the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells within the endocrine islets of the pancreas. Insulin deficiency results in dysregulation of glucose metabolism. In April 2018, we partnered with Eli Lilly and Company, or Lilly, a global leader in diabetes, to develop cell therapies for the treatment of T1D, including SIG-002. Under the terms of the partnership, we are currently leading execution of the program through IND submission readiness and Lilly will develop and commercialize the program worldwide. We expect to conduct IND-enabling studies for SIG-002 in 2023.

MPS-1: We are also developing product candidates for the treatment of lysosomal diseases. We believe our product candidates for lysosomal diseases, including mucopolysaccharidosis type 1, or MPS-1, can leverage the well understood mechanism of enzyme replacement therapies, or ERTs, by using engineered cells to express functional human enzyme or other protein that more closely resemble normal physiology in a continuous manner. For example, our program for MPS-1 consists of product candidates that contain a cell line that is genetically modified with a nonviral vector to express human α-L-iduronidase, or IDUA, encapsulated within our spheres. In addition, we are designing our product candidates to address the neurological manifestations of certain lysosomal diseases, using molecules designed to penetrate the blood brain barrier and molecules designed to extend plasma half-life. In the first quarter of 2023, we decreased our external spend relating to our MPS-1 program to preserve capital.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to generate any revenue from the sale of products in the near future. Substantially all of our revenue to date has been derived from the collaboration agreement with Lilly, which we entered into in 2018.

If our development efforts for our product candidates are successful and result in regulatory approval or if we enter into license or collaboration agreements with third parties, we may generate revenue in the future from product sales, payments from license or collaboration agreements that we may enter into with third parties, or any combination thereof. We expect that our revenue for the next several years will be derived primarily from our collaboration agreement with Lilly as well as any additional collaborations that we may enter into in the future. We cannot provide assurance as to the timing of future milestone or royalty payments or that we will receive any of these payments at all.

Collaboration Revenue

In April 2018, we entered into a License and Collaboration Agreement with Lilly, or the 2018 Lilly Agreement. Under the 2018 Lilly Agreement, we granted Lilly an exclusive worldwide, royalty-bearing license, including the right to grant sublicenses, to our encapsulation technology applied to islet cells. We are responsible for our own costs and expenses associated with pre-clinical development of a product candidate, and completion of the studies and other criteria required for filing the first IND, up to $47.5 million; provided, however, pursuant to an amendment to the 2018 Lilly Agreement entered in May 2022, Lilly may take on certain research and development activities, at its own cost and expense, including supply and manufacturing activities. Lilly is responsible for filing the first IND, all subsequent clinical development and commercialization, all research, development and commercialization for any subsequent product candidates, as well as reimbursing us for research and development costs required for filing the first IND related to the first developed product candidate that exceed $47.5 million.

We evaluated the 2018 Lilly Agreement under ASC 606 and concluded at the outset that there were two performance obligations under the arrangement: (1) exclusive license to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize licensed products, initial technology transfer, research activities (including pre-IND supply), cell line development and supply and product trademark election, or the Combined Performance Obligation; and (2) requirement to supply Lilly with the licensed product related to Phase 1 clinical trial, or Phase 1 Supply. We determined that the $62.5 million upfront payment represents the entirety of the consideration to be included in the transaction price as of the

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outset of the arrangement. We allocated $56.6 million of the transaction price to the Combined Performance Obligation and $5.9 million of the transaction price to the Phase 1 Supply at the outset of the arrangement. We recognize revenue for the Combined Performance Obligation as the research and development services are provided using an input method, based on the cumulative costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the Combined Performance Obligation. The transfer of control to the customer occurs over the time period that the research and development services are to be provided by us, and this cost-to-cost method is, in management’s judgment, the best measure of progress toward satisfying this performance obligation. We have determined that the Phase 1 Supply will be satisfied at a point in time when the customer obtains control of each unit of product. Therefore, we will recognize revenue as shipments of the Phase 1 Supply are made to Lilly.

We reevaluate the transaction price and our total estimated costs expected to be incurred at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events, such as changes to the expected timing and cost of certain research, development and manufacturing activities that we are responsible for, are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur, and, if necessary, we will adjust our estimate of the transaction price or our total estimated costs expected to be incurred.

Additional information regarding the 2018 Lilly Agreement can be found in Note 8 to our financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for our research activities, including our drug discovery efforts and the development of our platform and product candidates. We expense research and development costs as incurred, which include:

●

employee-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation, other related costs for those employees involved in research and development efforts;

●

expenses incurred in connection with the clinical and preclinical development of our product candidates and research programs, including under agreements with third parties, such as consultants, contractors, and CROs;

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the cost of raw materials and developing and scaling our manufacturing process and manufacturing product candidates for use in our research and preclinical studies, including under agreements with third parties, such as consultants, contractors, and CMOs;

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laboratory supplies and research materials;

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facilities, depreciation, and other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and insurance; and

●

payments made under third-party licensing agreements.

We expense research and development costs as incurred. Non-refundable advance payments that we make for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. The prepaid amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed, or when it is no longer expected that the goods will be delivered or the services rendered. Upfront payments under license agreements are expensed upon receipt of the license, and annual maintenance fees under license agreements are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Milestone payments under license agreements are accrued, with a corresponding expense being recognized, in the period in which the milestone is determined to be probable of achievement and the related amount is reasonably estimable.

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Our direct external research and development expenses are tracked on a program-by-program basis, including our early-stage programs, and consist of costs that include fees, reimbursed materials, and other costs paid to consultants, contractors, contract manufacturing organizations or CMOs, and contract research organizations or CROs, in connection with our preclinical and manufacturing activities. Except for personnel expenses related to SIG-002, we do not allocate employee costs, costs associated with our discovery efforts, laboratory supplies and facilities expenses, including depreciation or other indirect costs, to specific product development programs because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and our platform and, as such, are not separately classified. The personnel expenses allocated to SIG-002 do not include stock-based compensation expense.

Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later stage clinical trials. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase substantially in connection with our planned preclinical and clinical development activities in the near term and in the future. At this time, we cannot accurately estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the preclinical and clinical development of any of our product candidates. The successful development and commercialization of our product candidates is highly uncertain. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development and commercialization, including the following:

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the timing and progress of preclinical and clinical development activities;

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the number and scope of preclinical and clinical programs we decide to pursue;

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raising additional funds necessary to complete preclinical and clinical development of and commercialize our product candidates;

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the progress of the development efforts of parties with whom we may enter into collaboration arrangements;

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our ability to maintain our current research and development programs and to establish new ones;

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our ability to establish new licensing or collaboration arrangements;

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the successful initiation and completion of clinical trials with safety, tolerability and efficacy profiles that are satisfactory to the FDA, or any comparable foreign regulatory authority;

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the receipt and related terms of regulatory approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;

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the availability of raw materials for use in the production of our product candidates;

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our ability to consistently manufacture our product candidates for use in clinical trials;

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our ability to establish and operate a manufacturing facility, or secure manufacturing supply through relationships with third parties;

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our ability to obtain and maintain patents, trade secret protection and regulatory exclusivity, both in the United States and internationally;

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our ability to protect our rights in our intellectual property portfolio;

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the commercialization of our product candidates, if and when approved;

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obtaining and maintaining third-party insurance coverage and adequate reimbursement;

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the acceptance of our product candidates, if approved, by patients, the medical community and third-party payors;

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competition with other products; and

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a continued acceptable safety profile of our therapies following approval.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of any of our product candidates could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of these product candidates. We may never succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for any of our product candidates.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and personnel expenses, including stock-based compensation, for our personnel in executive, legal, finance and accounting, human resources, and other administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include legal fees relating to patent and corporate matters; professional fees paid for accounting, auditing, consulting, and tax services; insurance costs; travel expenses; and facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future if we increase our headcount to support our continued research activities and development of our product candidates. We also anticipate that we will continue to incur significant accounting, audit, legal, regulatory, compliance and director and officer insurance costs as well as investor and public relations expenses associated with operating as a public company. Additionally, if and when we believe a regulatory approval of a product candidate appears likely, we anticipate an increase in payroll and other employee-related expenses as a result of our preparation for commercial operations, especially as it relates to the sales and marketing of that product candidate.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Income

Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances. We expect our interest income will fluctuate based on the timing and ability to raise additional funds as well as the amount of expenditures for our platform development and ongoing business operations.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of interest expense on outstanding borrowings under our loan and security agreement as well as amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs.

Other Income, net

Other income consists primarily of sublease income, gain on the disposal of fixed assets and net foreign exchange losses.

Income Taxes

Since our inception in 2015, we have not recorded any U.S. federal or state income tax benefits for the net losses we have incurred in each year or our earned research and development tax credits, due to our uncertainty of realizing a benefit from those items. We did not provide for any income taxes in the six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The accounting estimates and policies discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2023, or the Annual Report, are considered by management to be the most important to an understanding of the consolidated financial statements because of their significance to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. There have been no material changes to that information disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2023.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended
	June 30,				Increase
	2023		2022		(Decrease)

	(in thousands)
Revenue
Collaboration revenue	$	5,900	$	2,883	$	3,017
Operating expenses:
Research and development		7,451		11,877		(4,426)
General and administrative		5,884		5,042		842
Total operating expenses		13,335		16,919		(3,584)
Loss from operations		(7,435)		(14,036)		6,601
Other income (expense):
Interest income		433		178		255
Interest expense		(310)		(543)		233
Other expense		81		55		26
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(275)		—		(275)
Total other expense, net		(71)		(310)		239
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(7,506)	$	(14,346)	$	6,840

Revenue

Revenue was $5.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in revenue of $3.0 million was primarily due to the timing of the costs of the activities performed under the 2018 Lilly Agreement. We recognize revenue under the 2018 Lilly Agreement based on the input method. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred $2.9 million more in expenses than the three months ended June 30, 2022.

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Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended
	June 30,				Increase
	2023		2022		(Decrease)

	(in thousands)
Direct research and development expenses by program:
Diabetes program	$	5,240	$	2,650	$	2,590
MPS-1 program		—		2,551		(2,551)
Platform and other early stage programs		415		3,449		(3,034)
Unallocated expenses
Personnel expenses (including stock‑based compensation)		1,290		2,563		(1,273)
Facility related and other		506		664		(158)
Total research and development expenses	$	7,451	$	11,877	$	(4,426)

Research and development expenses were $7.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $11.9 million for three months ended June 30, 2022. The $4.4 million decrease in research and development expenses was primarily related to prioritization of our diabetes program, which resulted in decreased expenses incurred on platform and other early-stage program and the MPS-1 program, as well as reallocation of personnel expenses to the diabetes program.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $5.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The $0.9 million increase was primarily due to transaction expenses related to the Merger.

Other expense, net

Other expense, net, was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to increased interest income due to increases in interest rates and the repayment of our debt resulting in reduced interest expense. These were offset by the loss on the extinguishment of our debt.

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Comparison of the Six Months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,				Increase
	2023		2022		(Decrease)

	(in thousands)
Revenue
Collaboration revenue	$	10,758	$	6,048	$	4,710
Operating expenses:
Research and development		15,233		23,495		(8,262)
General and administrative		10,207		10,066		141
Total operating expenses		25,440		33,561		(8,121)
Loss from operations		(14,682)		(27,513)		12,831
Other income (expense):
Interest income		909		242		667
Interest expense		(921)		(1,034)		113
Other income, net		85		100		(15)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(275)		—		(275)
Total other income (expense), net		(202)		(692)		490
Net loss	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)	$	13,321

Revenue

Revenue was $10.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in revenue of $4.7 million was primarily due to the timing of the costs of the activities performed under the 2018 Lilly Agreement. We recognize revenue under the 2018 Lilly Agreement based on the input method. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we incurred $4.2 million more in expenses than the six months ended June 30, 2022. Further, both the total estimated costs and total estimated consideration expected to be received as of June 30, 2023 increased from December 31, 2022.

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,				Increase
	2023		2022		(Decrease)

	(in thousands)
Direct research and development expenses by program:
Diabetes program	$	9,172	$	5,376	$	3,796
MPS-1 program		118		4,422		(4,304)
Platform and other early stage programs		1,704		7,108		(5,404)
Unallocated expenses
Personnel expenses (including stock‑based compensation)		3,101		5,075		(1,974)
Facility related and other		1,138		1,514		(376)
Total research and development expenses	$	15,233	$	23,495	$	(8,262)

Research and development expenses were $15.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $23.5 million for six months ended June 30, 2022. The $8.3 million decrease in research and development expenses was primarily related to prioritization of our diabetes program, which resulted in decreased ongoing platform and other early-stage programs and the MPS-1 program, as well as reallocation of personnel expenses to the diabetes program.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $10.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $10.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The $0.1 million increase was primarily due to transaction expenses related to the Merger, offset by decreased insurance-related costs related to operating as a publicly traded company.

Other expense, net

Other expense, net, was $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to increased interest income due to increases in interest rates and the repayment of our debt resulting in reduced interest expense. These were offset by the loss on the extinguishment of our debt.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. We have not yet commercialized any of our product candidates and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of any product candidates for the foreseeable future, if at all. To date, we have funded our operations primarily with proceeds from sales of common stock, convertible preferred stock, payments received under our collaboration agreement with Lilly and proceeds from borrowings under our credit facilities. Through June 30, 2023, we had received net proceeds of $131.8 million from the sale of common stock in the initial public offering and $141.9 million from the net sales of our convertible preferred stock. We have also partnered one of our encapsulation technology programs with Lilly. Under the terms of the partnership, we received an upfront payment of $62.5 million and we are eligible to receive additional milestone payments of up to $165.0 million upon achievement of certain regulatory milestones and sales-based milestones of up to $250.0 million for SIG-002. We are also eligible to receive tiered royalty payments in the mid-single digit to low-double digit percentages based on certain sales thresholds. Finally, Lilly is obligated to reimburse us for costs incurred to perform the research and development activities for the first developed product candidate over $47.5 million, which was exceeded in September 2022. We are also eligible to receive additional payments upon the achievement of specified regulatory and sales milestones and royalty payments. As of June 30, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $34.9 million.

On April 14, 2022, we entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord Genuity LLC, or Canaccord, pursuant to which we may issue and sell shares of common stock, from time to time, having an aggregate offering price of up to $10.0 million. Sales of common stock through Canaccord may be made by any method that is deemed an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We are not obligated to make any sales of its common stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement. Any sales under the Equity Distribution Agreement will be made pursuant to our registration statement on Form S-3 (File No 333- 264296), which became effective on April 22, 2022 and the prospectus relating to such offering.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for each of the periods presented:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2023		2022

	(in thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(15,558)	$	(34,269)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		12,130		(38,377)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(19,011)		48
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(22,439)	$	(72,598)

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Operating Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, operating activities used $15.6 million of cash, primarily resulting from our net loss of $14.9 million and net cash used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $6.4 million, offset by non-cash charges of $5.8 million. Net changes in our operating assets and liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 consisted primarily of a $2.3 million increase in accounts receivable, $2.0 million decrease in operating lease liabilities, $1.8 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, $1.1 million increase in unbilled accounts receivable, $0.2 million decrease in other liabilities and $0.1 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities offset by a $0.9 million increase in deferred revenue and $0.2 million increase in accounts payable. The increase in accounts receivable and unbilled accounts receivable was due to work performed related to our collaboration agreement that was either not paid or not invoiced as of the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in deferred revenue was due to the timing of revenue recognition related to our collaboration agreement. The decrease in lease liabilities was primarily due to payments of rent for our leased property. The increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets were the result of timing of payments for services to be performed in future periods. The decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and the increase in accounts payable was the result of timing of payments for services performed by our vendors.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, operating activities used $34.3 million of cash, primarily resulting from our net loss of $28.2 million and net cash used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $12.3 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $6.2 million. Net changes in our operating assets and liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 consisted primarily of a $6.0 million decrease in deferred revenue, $3.5 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, $2.3 million decrease in lease liabilities, $0.9 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets, $0.3 million increase in other liabilities and less than $0.1 million increase in accounts receivable. The decrease in deferred revenue was due to recognition of revenue related to our collaboration agreement. The decrease in accounts payables and accrued expenses and other current liabilities was the result of timing of payments for services performed by our vendors. The decrease in lease liabilities was primarily due to payment of rent for our leased property. The decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets were the result of timing of payments for services to be performed in future periods. The decrease in accounts payables and accrued expenses and other current liabilities was the result of timing of payments for services performed by our vendors. The increase in accounts receivable was the result of timing of collections.

Investing Activities

During six months ended June 30, 2023, cash provided by investing activities was $12.1 million and consisted mainly of $12.6 million of maturities of marketable securities, offset by $0.5 million in purchases of laboratory equipment and computers and software.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, cash used in investing activities was $38.4 million and consisted mainly of $38.0 million of net purchases of marketable securities and $0.5 million in purchases of laboratory equipment and furniture and fixtures, offset by proceeds from the sale of fixed assets of $0.2.

Financing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, cash used in financing activities was $19.0 million and consisted of the repayment of debt.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, cash provided by financing activities was less than $0.1 million and consisted of proceeds from employee equity plans.

Funding requirements

We expect our expenses to increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we advance the preclinical activities and clinical trials for our product candidates in development. In addition, we expect to

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continue to incur additional cost associated with operating as a public company. The timing and amount of our operating and capital expenditures will depend largely on:

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the costs of continuing to develop our SLTx platform, including the cost of any changes to our cells, spheres or manufacturing processes and the costs of any additional preclinical studies we may conduct;

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the costs of acquiring licenses for the components and engineered cell lines that will be used with our current and future product candidates;

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the scope, progress, results, and costs of discovery, preclinical development, formulation development, and clinical trials for our current and future product candidates;

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the costs of preparing, filing, and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property and proprietary rights, and defending intellectual property-related claims;

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the costs, timing, and outcome of regulatory review of any other product candidates;

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the costs of future activities, including product sales, medical affairs, marketing, manufacturing, distribution, coverage and reimbursement for any of our product candidates for which we receive regulatory approval;

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the cost of developing and expanding our manufacturing capabilities and advancing these manufacturing capabilities to manufacture product candidates that are commercially viable;

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our ability to establish and maintain additional collaborations on favorable terms, if at all;

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the success of any collaborations that we may establish and of our license agreements;

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the achievement of milestones or occurrence of other developments that trigger payments under any additional collaboration agreements we obtain; and

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the extent to which we acquire or in-license product candidates, intellectual property and technologies.

We believe that our existing cash will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements beyond the next 12 months from the issuance date of this Quarterly Report. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making acquisitions or capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through additional collaborations, strategic alliances or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research, product development or future commercialization efforts, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and are not required to provide this information.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2023 and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of that date. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, in the opinion of management, would have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us due to defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, negative publicity and reputational harm and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

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Risks Related to Pending Transaction with Eli Lilly and Company

We may not complete the pending transaction with Eli Lilly and Company within the timeframe we anticipate or at all, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial results and/or operations.

On June 28, 2023, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Lilly and Purchaser.

The Merger Agreement provides for, among other things and on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, a two-step transaction in which the first step is a tender offer, which we refer to herein as the Offer, by the Purchaser to acquire all of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock for (i) $14.92 per share of common stock, net to the seller in cash, without interest, which we refer to herein as the Cash Consideration, and (ii) one (1) contractual contingent value right, or CVR, per share of common stock, pursuant to the terms of a contingent value rights agreement. The Merger Agreement provides that, among other things, following the consummation of the Offer, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions to the merger, and in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL, the Purchaser will be merged with and into us, or the Merger, and we will continue as the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Lilly. Because the Merger will be governed by Section 251(h) of the DGCL, assuming the requirements of Section 251(h) of the DGCL are met, no stockholder vote by our stockholders will be required to consummate the Merger. We currently expect the Offer and the Merger to be completed in the third quarter of 2023.

If the Offer and Merger are not completed within the expected timeframe or at all, we may be subject to a number of material risks in addition to the risks of continuing to operate our business. The price of our common stock may decline to the extent that current market prices of our common stock reflect a market assumption that the Merger will be completed on a timely basis. We could be required to pay Lilly a termination fee of $1.3 million if the Merger Agreement is terminated under specific circumstances described in the Merger Agreement. The failure to complete the transaction also may result in negative publicity and negatively affect our relationship with our stockholders, employees, strategic partners and suppliers. We may also be required to devote significant time and resources to litigation related to any failure to complete the Merger or related to any enforcement proceeding commenced against us to perform our obligations under the Merger Agreement.

The Company’s ability to complete the Merger is subject to certain closing conditions and the receipt of consents and approvals from government entities that may impose conditions that could adversely affect us or cause the Merger to be abandoned.

The obligation of Lilly and Purchaser to consummate the Offer is subject to the condition that there be validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to the expiration of the Offer a number of shares that, together with the number of shares, if any, then owned beneficially by Lilly and Purchaser (together with their wholly owned subsidiaries) would represent a majority of the shares outstanding as of the consummation of the Offer, or the Minimum Tender Condition. The Minimum Tender Condition may not be waived by Purchaser without our prior written consent. The obligation of Purchaser to consummate the Merger is also subject to other customary conditions, including the absence of governmental injunctions or other legal restraints prohibiting the Merger or the Offer. In addition, the obligation of Purchaser to consummate the Offer is conditioned upon, among other things, the accuracy of our representations and warranties (subject to certain materiality exceptions), and our material compliance with our covenants under the Merger Agreement. We cannot provide any assurance that the conditions to the consummation of the Merger will be satisfied or waived, or will not result in the abandonment or delay of the Merger.

The pendency of the transaction with Lilly and the Purchaser could adversely affect our business, financial results and/or operations.

Our efforts to complete the transaction with Lilly and the Purchaser could cause substantial disruptions in, and create uncertainty surrounding, our business, which may materially adversely affect our business, financial results and/or operations. Uncertainty as to whether the Offer and Merger will be completed may affect our ability to recruit prospective employees or to retain and motivate existing employees. Employee retention may be particularly challenging while the transaction is pending because employees may experience uncertainty about their roles following consummation of the Merger. A substantial amount of our management’s and employees’ attention is being directed toward the completion of

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the transaction and thus is being diverted from our day-to-day operations. Uncertainty as to our future could adversely affect our business and our relationship with strategic partners and suppliers. Changes to or termination of existing business relationships could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, as well as the market price of our common stock. The adverse effects of the pendency of the transaction could be exacerbated by any delays in completion of the transaction or termination of the Merger Agreement.

Securities class action and derivative lawsuits related to the transaction could result in substantial costs and may delay or prevent the Offer or Merger from being completed.

Securities class action lawsuits and derivative lawsuits are often brought against public companies that have entered into merger agreements. Claims have been filed against us and our directors in connection with the transaction and others could be filed. A potential adverse judgment could result in monetary damages, which could have a negative impact on our liquidity and financial condition. Additionally, if a plaintiff is successful in obtaining an injunction prohibiting completion of the Merger, that injunction may delay or prevent the Merger from being completed, or from being completed within the expected timeframe, which may adversely affect our business, financial position and/or results of operations.

If the Merger occurs, our stockholders will not be able to participate in any financial upside to our business after the Merger other than through the CVRs; if the required milestones under the CVRs are not achieved, stockholders will not realize any value from the CVRs.

Upon consummation of the Merger, each holder of Shares, will be entitled to one CVR for each Share outstanding (i) that the Purchaser accepts for payment from such holder pursuant to the Offer or (ii) owned by or issued to such holder as of immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger and converted into the right to receive the merger consideration pursuant to the Merger Agreement. Each holder of a restricted stock unit or an option to purchase shares having an exercise price less than the Cash Consideration, or the Company Cash-Out Stock Option, whether or not vested, will be entitled to one CVR for each Share subject to such Company Cash-Out Stock Option. Each CVR represents the right to receive the following cash payments, without interest and less any applicable tax withholding, if the following milestones, which we refer to collectively as the Milestones, are achieved:

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First Dosing Milestone: $4.06 per CVR in cash, without interest and less any applicable tax withholding, payable upon the occurrence of the first human patient being dosed with a product in a Phase I clinical trial, if such Milestone is achieved prior to both (i) 12:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on July 31, 2027, and (ii) the termination of the CVR Agreement;

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First Registration Purposes Dosing Milestone: $26.39 per CVR in cash, without interest and less any applicable tax withholding, payable upon the occurrence of the first patient being dosed with a product in a pivotal trial, if such Milestone is achieved prior to both (i) 12:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on December 31, 2028 and (ii) the termination of the CVR Agreement; and

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Marketing Authorization Milestone: $81.19 per CVR in cash, without interest and less any applicable tax withholding, payable upon the receipt of marketing authorization in (a) the United States, (b) Japan or (c) three of France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and Germany, if such Milestone is achieved prior to both (a) 12:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on December 31, 2031 and (b) the termination of the CVR Agreement.

Following the consummation of the Merger, Lilly has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to achieve the Milestones. However, there can be no assurance that any Milestone will be achieved prior to its expiration or termination of the CVR Agreement, or that payment will be required of Lilly with respect to any Milestone.

The tax treatment of the CVRs is unclear.

The U.S. federal income tax treatment of the CVRs is unclear. There is no legal authority directly addressing the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the receipt of, and payments (if any) under, the CVRs, and there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position that could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders of the CVRs.

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We have incurred, and will continue to incur, direct and indirect costs as a result of the pending transaction with Lilly.

We have incurred, and will continue to incur, significant costs and expenses, including fees for professional services and other transaction costs, in connection with the pending transaction. We must pay substantially all of these costs and expenses whether or not the transaction is completed. There are a number of factors beyond our control that could affect the total amount or the timing of these costs and expenses.

The Merger Agreement limits our ability to pursue alternative transactions, which could deter a third party from proposing an alternative transaction.

The Merger Agreement contains provisions that, subject to certain exceptions, prohibit us from (i) directly or indirectly initiating, soliciting or knowingly encouraging or knowingly facilitating any inquiries, proposals or offers or the making of any submission or announcement of any inquiry, proposal or offer that constitutes, or would reasonably be expected to lead to, any Acquisition Proposal (as defined in the Merger Agreement); (ii) directly or indirectly engaging in, entering into or participating in any discussions or negotiations with any person with respect to any Acquisition Proposal; or (iii) providing any non-public information to, or affording access to our business, properties, assets, books or records, to any person in connection with any Acquisition Proposal, except to the extent our board of directors (after consultation with outside counsel) determines that the failure to do so would be, or would reasonably be expected to be, inconsistent with its fiduciary duties under applicable law. It is possible that these or other provisions in the Merger Agreement might discourage a potential competing acquirer that might have an interest in acquiring all or a significant part of the outstanding shares of our common stock from considering or proposing an acquisition or might result in a potential competing acquirer proposing to pay a lower per share price to acquire our common stock than it might otherwise have proposed to pay.

Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Additional Capital

We have incurred significant losses since inception. We expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

We are currently advancing our pipeline of programs in development. Discovering development candidates and developing investigational therapeutics is expensive, and we expect to continue to spend substantial amounts to (i) perform basic research, perform preclinical studies, and conduct clinical trials of our current and future programs, (ii) continue to develop and expand our Shielded Living Therapeutics, or SLTx, platform and infrastructure and supply preclinical studies and clinical trials with appropriate grade materials, including cGMP materials, (iii) seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates, and (iv) launch and commercialize any product candidates for which we receive regulatory approval.

Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net loss was $7.5 million $14.9 million and $43.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $271.7 million. We have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities, payments received under our collaboration agreement and proceeds from borrowings under our credit facilities. We have devoted all of our efforts to research and development. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. The net losses we incur may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially if and as we:

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continue our current research programs and our preclinical development of product candidates from our current research programs;

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seek to identify additional research programs and additional product candidates;

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conduct additional preclinical studies for our product candidates;

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initiate clinical trials for any of our product candidates;

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comply with regulatory requirements established by the FDA, the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities;

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seek marketing approvals for any of our product candidates;

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ultimately establish a sales, marketing, and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any medicines for which we may obtain marketing approval;

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further develop our SLTx platform;

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hire additional research, development, manufacturing, quality, supply chain and commercial personnel;

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hire and retain research and clinical personnel;

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add operational, financial, corporate development and management information systems and legal personnel, including personnel to support our product development and planned future commercialization efforts;

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expand our facilities;

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acquire or in-license product candidates, intellectual property and technologies;

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scale up manufacturing and supply chain capacity to meet future clinical and commercial demand, including scaling up processes for cell culture and automated encapsulation, and building or expanding our manufacturing capabilities or capacity, including future manufacturing facilities; and

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file, prosecute, defend, and enforce our patent claims and other intellectual property rights, including patent infringement actions brought by third parties against us regarding our investigational medicines or actions by us challenging the patent or intellectual property rights of others, and provide reimbursement of third-party expenses related to our patent portfolio.

We are currently in the preclinical testing stages for all of our research programs. We expect that it will be many years, if ever, before we have a product candidate ready for commercialization. To become and remain profitable, we must, either directly or through collaborators, develop and eventually commercialize a medicine or medicines with significant market potential. This will require us to be successful in a range of challenging activities, including identifying product candidates, completing preclinical testing and clinical trials of product candidates, obtaining marketing approval for these product candidates, manufacturing, marketing, and selling those medicines for which we may obtain marketing approval, and satisfying any post-marketing requirements. We may never succeed in these activities and, even if we do, may never generate revenues that are significant or large enough to achieve profitability. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing product candidates, we are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will become profitable, if at all. If we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our failure to become and remain profitable would decrease the value of our company and could impair our ability to raise capital, maintain our research and development efforts, expand our business, or continue our operations. A decline in the value of our company could also cause you to lose all or part of your investment.

We will need substantial additional funding. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we would be forced to delay, reduce, reprioritize, or eliminate our research and product development programs or future commercialization efforts.

We expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we identify, continue the research and development of, initiate clinical trials of, and seek marketing approval for product candidates. We expect that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2023 of $34.9 million would enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures requirements beyond the next 12 months from the issuance date of this Quarterly Report. If we obtain marketing approval for any product candidate, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing, and distribution to the extent that such

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sales, marketing, manufacturing, and distribution are not the responsibility of a collaborator. Accordingly, we will need to obtain substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations, including operating as a public company. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we would be forced to delay, reduce, reprioritize, or eliminate our research and product development programs or future commercialization efforts.

Our operating plan may change as a result of factors currently unknown to us, and we may need to seek funding sooner than planned. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

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the costs of continuing to develop our SLTx platform;

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the costs of acquiring licenses for the components of our products and engineered cell lines that will be used with our current and future product candidates;

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the scope, progress, results, and costs of discovery, preclinical development, formulation development, and clinical trials for our current and future product candidates;

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the costs of preparing, filing, and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property and proprietary rights, and defending intellectual property-related claims;

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the costs, timing, and outcome of regulatory reviews associated with our product candidates;

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the costs of future activities, including product sales, medical affairs, marketing, manufacturing, distribution, coverage and reimbursement for any programs for which we receive regulatory approval;

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the cost of developing and expanding our manufacturing capabilities and advancing these manufacturing capabilities to manufacture product candidates that are commercially viable;

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additional expenses attributable to inflation and related impacts on our supplies of raw materials for our product candidates;

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our ability to establish and maintain additional collaborations on favorable terms, if at all;

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the success of any collaborations that we may establish and of our license agreements;

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the achievement of milestones or occurrence of other developments that trigger payments under any additional collaboration agreements we obtain; and

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the extent to which we acquire or in-license product candidates, intellectual property and technologies.

Identifying product candidates and conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials is a time-consuming, expensive, and uncertain process that takes years to complete, and we may never generate the necessary data or results required to obtain marketing approval and achieve product sales. In addition, even if we successfully identify and develop product candidates and those are approved, we may not achieve commercial success. Our commercial revenues, if any, will be derived from sales of medicines that we do not expect to be commercially available for many years, if at all. Accordingly, we will need to continue to rely on additional financing to achieve our business objectives. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

Any additional fundraising efforts may divert our management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates. Disruptions in the financial markets could make equity and debt financing more difficult to obtain and may have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our fundraising needs. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of our product candidates or other research and

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development initiatives. Our license agreements and any future collaboration agreements may also be terminated if we are unable to meet the payment or other obligations under the agreements. We could be required to seek collaborators for our product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable or on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available or relinquish or license on unfavorable terms our rights to our product candidates in markets where we otherwise would seek to pursue development or commercialization ourselves.

If we are unable to obtain funding on a timely basis, we may be required to significantly curtail, delay or discontinue one or more of our research or development programs or the commercialization of any product candidate, or be unable to expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities, as desired, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any of the above events could significantly harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates we may develop.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenues, for as long as we remain a publicly traded company, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, including through our at-the-market, or ATM, equity offering program, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, and licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, declaring dividends, and possibly other restrictions.

If we raise funds through additional collaborations, strategic alliances, or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs, or product candidates we may develop, or we may have to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Our short operating history may make it difficult for you to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess our future viability.

We are an early-stage company. We were founded in 2015 and commenced operations in 2016. Our operations to date have been limited to organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, acquiring and developing our SLTx platform, identifying product candidates, undertaking preclinical studies and initiating a clinical study for one product candidate, for which we deprioritized in December 2021 following a clinical hold and for which we withdrew the IND and CTA. We expect to complete close out activities for this study in the first half of 2023. All of our product candidates are in the research or preclinical stage and the risk of failure for our programs is high. We have not yet demonstrated an ability to successfully complete any clinical trials, including large-scale, pivotal clinical trials, obtain marketing approvals, manufacture a commercial-scale medicine, or arrange for a third party to do so on our behalf, or conduct sales and marketing activities necessary for successful commercialization. Typically, it takes about 10 to 15 years to develop a product candidate from the time it is discovered to when it is available for treating patients, if ever. Consequently, any predictions you make about our future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history.

Our limited operating history may make it difficult to evaluate our technologies and industry and predict our future performance. Our short history as an operating company makes any assessment of our future success or viability subject to significant uncertainty. We will encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by early-stage companies in rapidly evolving fields. If we do not address these risks successfully, our business will suffer.

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We have never generated revenue from product sales and may never become profitable.

Our ability to generate revenue from product sales and achieve profitability depends on our ability, alone or with collaborative partners, to successfully complete the development of, and obtain the regulatory approvals necessary to commercialize our current and future product candidates. We do not anticipate generating revenues from product sales for the next several years, if ever. Our ability to generate future revenues from product sales depends heavily on our, or our collaborators’, ability to successfully:

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complete research and preclinical and clinical development of our current and future product candidates;

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continue to develop new product candidates;

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seek and obtain regulatory and marketing approvals for any of our product candidates for which we complete clinical trials;

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launch and commercialize any of our product candidates for which we obtain regulatory and marketing approval by establishing a sales force, marketing, and distribution infrastructure or, alternatively, collaborating with a commercialization partner;

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qualify for coverage and establish adequate reimbursement by government and third-party payors for any of our product candidates for which we obtain regulatory and marketing approval;

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develop, maintain, and enhance a sustainable, scalable, reproducible, and transferable manufacturing process for the product candidates we may develop;

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establish and maintain supply and manufacturing capabilities or capacities internally or with third parties that can provide adequate, in both amount and quality, products, and services to support clinical development and the market demand for any of our product candidates for which we obtain regulatory and marketing approval;

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obtain market acceptance of current or any future product candidates as viable treatment options;

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address competing technological and market developments;

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implement internal systems and infrastructure, as needed;

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negotiate favorable terms in any collaboration, licensing, or other arrangements into which we may enter and performing our obligations in such collaborations;

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maintain, protect, enforce, defend, and expand our portfolio of intellectual property rights, including patents, trade secrets, and know-how;

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avoid and defend against third-party interference, infringement, and other intellectual property claims; and

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attract, hire, and retain qualified personnel.

Even if one or more of our current and future product candidates are approved for commercial sale, we anticipate incurring significant costs associated with commercializing any approved product candidate. Our expenses could increase beyond expectations if we are required by the FDA or the EMA, or other regulatory authorities to perform clinical and other studies in addition to those that we currently anticipate. Even if we are able to generate revenues from the sale of any approved product candidates, we may not become profitable and may need to obtain additional funding to continue operations.

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Risks Related to Preclinical and Clinical Development of Our Technologies

Since all of the product candidates in our current pipeline are based on the same SLTx platform, if the results of our research and development activities reveal any underlying problem with our SLTx platform, then we may be required to make changes to our platform, which may be difficult to implement or complete, or to discontinue development of all of our product candidates, which would cause our portfolio of product candidates to have little value. For example, in November 2021, we reported that spheres covered with PFO were observed during a retrieval procedure in our Phase 1/2 study of SIG-001. Our remaining product candidates have been developed using the same SLTx platform that supported the development of SIG-001 and we may therefore encounter similar challenges in development of other product candidates developed using this platform.

Further, the FDA or other regulatory authorities may not allow us to pursue further development of any of our product candidates as a result of the issues presented by the serious adverse event reported in our Phase 1/2 clinical trial of SIG-001 or our finding of PFO, particularly if we are unable to demonstrate an acceptable risk-benefit profile for product candidates developed using our SLTx platform. If the FDA or other regulatory agencies express safety, tolerability or efficacy concerns, additional preclinical studies or clinical trials involving our current product candidates, amendments to the enrollment criteria and/or clinical trial protocols for our future studies or changes to our platform, including our cells, spheres or manufacturing processes, may be needed and may be difficult to implement or complete. In such cases, our progress in the development of a product candidate may be significantly slowed or stopped and the associated costs may be significantly increased, adversely affecting our business.

The SLTx platform consists of novel technologies that are not yet clinically validated for human therapeutic use. The regulatory requirements applicable to our product candidates may change over time. The approaches we are taking to discover and develop novel therapeutics are unproven and may never lead to marketable products.

The regulatory approval process for novel cellular therapy product candidates such as ours is unclear and may be lengthier and more expensive than the process for other, better-known or more extensively studied product candidates, such as biologics, small molecule drugs and other more traditional pharmaceuticals.

Regulatory requirements governing cell therapy products have changed and may continue to change in the future. The FDA has established the Office of Therapeutic Products, or OTP, within its Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, or CBER, to consolidate the review of cell therapy and related products, and has established the Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies Advisory Committee to advise CBER in its review. Our product candidates have not been reviewed by OTP to date, but this could change if the FDA changes any of its guidance or regulations. If we were to engage an NIH-funded institution to conduct a clinical trial, that institution’s biosafety committee, a local institutional committee that reviews and oversees research utilizing recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules, as well as its institutional review board, or IRB, would need to review the proposed clinical trial to assess the safety of the trial. Similarly, the EMA may issue new guidelines concerning the development and marketing authorization for cell therapy medicinal products and require that we comply with these new guidelines.

Regulatory review committees and advisory groups, and any new guidelines they promulgate, may lengthen the regulatory review process, require us to perform additional preclinical studies or clinical trials, increase our development costs, lead to changes in regulatory positions and interpretations, delay or prevent approval and commercialization of our current or future product candidates or lead to significant post-approval limitations or restrictions. As we advance our product candidates, we will be required to consult with these regulatory and advisory groups and comply with applicable guidelines. If we fail to do so, we may be required to delay or discontinue development of our product candidates. These additional processes may result in a review and approval process that is longer than we otherwise would have expected. Delay or failure to obtain, or unexpected costs in obtaining, the regulatory approval necessary to bring a product to market could decrease our ability to generate sufficient product revenue, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects would be harmed. Even if our product candidates are approved, we expect that the FDA will require us to submit follow-up data regarding our clinical trial subjects for a number of years after any approval. If this follow-up data

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shows negative long-term safety or efficacy outcomes for these patients, the FDA may revoke its approval or change the label of our products in a manner that could have an adverse impact on our business.

In addition, adverse developments in clinical trials of cell therapy products conducted by others or regulatory review of the serious adverse event that occurred in our Phase 1/2 clinical trial of SIG-001 or the finding of PFO, may cause the FDA or other oversight bodies to change the requirements for approval of any of our other product candidates. As a result, it is difficult to determine how long it will take or how much it will cost to obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates.

We may not be successful in our efforts to identify and develop product candidates. If these efforts are unsuccessful, we may never become a commercial stage company or generate any revenues.

The success of our business depends primarily upon our ability to identify, develop, and commercialize product candidates using on our SLTx platform. Because all of our remaining programs are in the research or preclinical stage, we have not yet been able to definitively assess the safety, tolerability or efficacy of our product candidates in humans, and there may be effects from treatment with any of our current or future product candidates that we cannot predict at this time.

We are implementing potential platform optimizations, including changes to our cells, spheres and manufacturing processes to address findings of PFO in our Phase 1/2 clinical trial of SIG-001. We may determine that additional changes to our platform are needed that may be difficult, costly, or time consuming to implement or complete.

Additionally, our research programs may fail to identify product candidates for clinical development for a number of reasons. Our research methodology may be unsuccessful in identifying product candidates, our product candidates may be shown to have harmful side effects in preclinical in vitro experiments or animal model studies, they may not show promising signals of therapeutic effect in such experiments or studies or they may have other characteristics that may make the product candidates impractical to manufacture or dose, unmarketable, or unlikely to receive marketing approval. If any of these events occur, we may be forced to abandon our research or development efforts for a program or programs, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

We are early in our development efforts and have focused our research and development efforts to date on select indications, including endocrine diseases, lysosomal diseases and other acute and chronic disorders, when identifying our initial targeted disease indications and our initial product candidates. We expect to conduct IND-enabling studies for SIG-002 and other product candidates, but there is no guarantee that the results from such IND-enabling studies will enable us to commence clinical trials of our product candidates in a timely manner, or at all.

We have not submitted INDs to the FDA or similar filings to any other regulatory agency for any of our current product candidates. We have invested substantially all of our efforts and financial resources in building our SLTx platform, and the identification and preclinical development of our current product candidates. Our ability to generate product revenue, which we do not expect will occur for many years, if ever, will depend heavily on the successful development and eventual commercialization of our product candidates, which may never occur. We currently generate no revenue from sales of any product and we may never be able to develop or commercialize a marketable product.

Commercialization of our product candidates will require additional preclinical and clinical development; regulatory and marketing approval in multiple jurisdictions, including by the FDA and the EMA; obtaining manufacturing supply, capacity and expertise; building of a commercial organization; and significant marketing efforts. The success of our current and future product candidates will depend on many additional factors, including the following:

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successful completion of preclinical studies resulting in data that is supportive of advancing to an IND or CTA submission;

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successful submissions of INDs or comparable foreign applications that allow commencement of our clinical trials, including resolving any clinical holds that may be imposed on such submissions;

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successful initiation, enrollment in, and completion of, clinical trials;

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positive results from clinical trials that support a finding of safety and effectiveness and an acceptable risk-benefit profile in the intended populations;

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receipt of marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;

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successful development of manufacturing processes and transfer to cGMP facilities of appropriate scale for clinical supply;

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successful validation of manufacturing processes at the cGMP facilities for commercial supply;

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establishment of cGMP manufacturing capability either by contracting third party manufacturers, or CMO, or by building our own manufacturing facility;

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obtaining and maintaining patent, trade secret, and other intellectual property protection and non-patent exclusivity for our product candidates;

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launching commercial sales of the product candidates, if and when approved, whether alone or in collaboration with others;

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acceptance of the products, if and when approved, by patients, the medical community, and third-party payors;

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effectively competing with other therapies and treatment options;

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a continued acceptable safety profile of the product candidates following approval;

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enforcing and defending intellectual property and proprietary rights and claims; and

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supplying the products at a price that is acceptable to the pricing or reimbursement authorities in different countries, and at a cost that is profitable.

If we do not successfully achieve one or more of these activities in a timely manner or at all, we could experience significant delays or an inability to successfully develop or commercialize any product candidates, which would materially harm our business. If we do not receive regulatory approvals for our product candidates, we may not be able to continue our operations.

We may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular product candidate or indication and fail to capitalize on product candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.

Because we have limited financial and managerial resources, we focus on research programs and product candidates that we identify for specific indications among many potential options. As a result, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other product candidates or for other indications that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities or we may focus our efforts and resources on potential programs or product candidates that ultimately prove to be unsuccessful, which would be costly and time consuming. Our spending on current and future research and development programs and product candidates for specific indications may not yield any commercially viable medicines. If we do not accurately evaluate the commercial potential or target market for a particular product candidate, we may relinquish valuable rights to that product candidate through collaboration, licensing, or other royalty arrangements in cases

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in which it would have been more advantageous for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights to such product candidate. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Drug development is a highly uncertain process, and failure can occur at any stage of development. There is a high rate of attrition for product candidates in preclinical and clinical trials due to scientific feasibility, safety, efficacy, changing standards of medical care and other variables. The risk of failure is heightened for product candidates that are based on new technologies, such as our SLTx platform. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are subject to varying interpretations and analyses, which may delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. Many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical development have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval of their product candidates. As we generate preclinical results, such results will not ensure that later preclinical studies or clinical trials will demonstrate similar results.

We have not yet initiated clinical trials for any product candidate other than SIG-001, for which we completed close out activities in the first half of 2023.

There is a high failure rate for drugs and biologics proceeding through preclinical studies and clinical trials. Our product candidates may fail to demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy levels. In addition, even if initial clinical trials in any of our current or future product candidates are successful, these product candidates may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy in later stages of clinical development despite having successfully advanced through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in later stage clinical trials even after achieving promising results in earlier stage clinical trials.

In addition, regulatory delays or rejections may be encountered as a result of many factors, including changes in regulatory policy during the period of product development and clinical holds that may be imposed on our clinical trials. Any such adverse events may cause us to delay, limit, or terminate our clinical trials, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

If any other product candidates we develop, in addition to SIG-001, are associated with serious adverse events, undesirable side effects, unexpected characteristics or limited efficacy or if the risk-benefit profile of such products is adversely impacted, we may need to abandon or modify their development or limit development to certain uses or subpopulations in which the serious adverse events, undesirable side effects, other characteristics or limited efficacy are less prevalent, less severe, or more acceptable from a risk-benefit perspective, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. For example, if our future preclinical and clinical studies of our product candidates result in additional incidences of PFO, we may be unable to support an appropriate risk-benefit profile of our product candidates. Many product candidates that initially showed promise in early-stage testing for endocrine, lysosomal diseases and other acute and chronic disorders have later been found to cause side effects that prevented further clinical development of the product candidates.

If our clinical trials result in a high and unacceptable severity and/or prevalence of adverse events or limited efficacy due to the formation of inhibitors or PFO or other characteristics, the FDA, the EMA or other regulatory authorities could require us to cease further development of, or deny approval of, any product candidates we are able to develop for any or all targeted indications. Even if we are able to demonstrate that all future serious adverse events or incidences of PFO are not product related, such occurrences could affect patient recruitment or the ability of enrolled patients to complete the trial. Moreover, if we elect, or are required, to delay, suspend or terminate any clinical trial of any product candidate we may develop, the commercial prospects of such product candidates may be harmed and our ability to generate product revenues from any of these product candidates may be delayed or eliminated. Any of these occurrences may harm our

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ability to identify and develop product candidates, and may harm our business, financial condition, result of operations, and prospects significantly.

Additionally, if we successfully develop a product candidate and it receives marketing approval, the FDA could require us to adopt a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, to ensure that the benefits of treatment with such product candidate outweighs the risks for each potential patient, which may include, among other things, a medication guide outlining the risks of the product for distribution to patients, a communication plan to health care practitioners, extensive patient monitoring, or distribution systems and processes that are highly controlled, restrictive, and more costly than what is typical for the industry. Furthermore, if we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by any product candidate that we develop, if the results of our clinical trials or tests are not positive or are only modestly positive or if there are safety concerns, several potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

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regulatory authorities may suspend or withdraw approvals of such product candidate, or may refuse to approve supplemental applications for such product candidate;

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regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the label, such as a “Boxed Warning” or contraindication, or limit the approved use of such product candidate;

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regulatory authorities may impose additional restrictions on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular product candidate;

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we may be required to recall the product or change the way it is administered in patients;

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we may be required to conduct additional clinical trials;

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we may lose the support of collaborators, requiring us to bear more of the costs associated with research and development;

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we may only obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as intended or desired;

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we may only obtain marketing approval in some countries but not others;

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we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; and

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our reputation may suffer.

Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of our current and future product candidates and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any of our current and future product candidates, we must complete preclinical development and then conduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete, and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The outcome of preclinical testing and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results.

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We and our collaborators have and may continue to experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent our ability to complete such clinical trials, receive marketing approval or commercialize our current and future product candidates, including:

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delays in reaching a consensus with regulators on trial design;

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regulators, IRBs, or independent ethics committees may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;

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delays in reaching or failing to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective contract research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;

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difficulties in recruiting investigators of appropriate competence and experience for our clinical trials;

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the number of patients required for clinical trials of any of our current and future product candidates may be larger than we anticipate; enrollment of suitable participants in these clinical trials may be delayed or slower than we anticipate; or patients may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;

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our third-party contractors may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner, or at all;

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regulators, IRBs, or independent ethics committees may impose a clinical hold and require that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical research or clinical trials of any of our current and future product candidates for various reasons;

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noncompliance with regulatory requirements, a finding of undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics, or that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or after an inspection of our clinical trial operations or trial sites;

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failure to perform clinical trials in accordance with study protocols, Good Clinical Practice, or GCP, requirements, and other regulatory requirements;

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the cost of clinical trials of any of our current and future product candidates may be greater than we anticipate;

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delays in having patients complete participation in a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;

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delays in participation in a trial as a result of failure to deliver treatment doses to clinical trial sites in a timely manner, the logistical burden of dose delivery or failure by clinical trial sites to store treatment doses according to protocols;

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clinical trial sites deviating from trial protocol or dropping out of a trial;

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selection of clinical endpoints that require prolonged periods of clinical observation or analysis of the resulting data;

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occurrence of new or recurring serious adverse events associated with any of our current and future product candidates that are viewed to outweigh their potential benefits, and related clinical holds;

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occurrence of serious adverse events in trials of the same class of agents conducted by other sponsors;

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the supply or quality of any of our current and future product candidates or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of any of our current and future product candidates may be insufficient or inadequate, including as a result of delays in the manufacturing, testing, and delivery of any of our current and future product candidates to the clinical sites by us or by third parties with whom we have contracted to perform certain of those functions;

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changes in regulatory requirements and guidance that require amending or submitting new clinical protocols; and

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clinical trials of any of our current and future product candidates may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development or research programs altogether.

We could also encounter delays if a clinical trial is suspended or terminated by us, by the IRBs of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, by a Data Safety Monitoring Board for such trial or by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. Such authorities may impose such a suspension or termination due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit or sufficient benefit from using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. In addition, changes in regulatory requirements and policies may occur, and we may need to amend any future clinical trial protocols to comply with these changes. Amendments may require us to resubmit our clinical trial protocols to IRBs for reexamination, which may impact the costs, timing or successful completion of a clinical trial.

Product development costs will also increase if we or our collaborators experience delays in clinical trials or other testing or in obtaining marketing approvals. We do not know whether our clinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured, or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant clinical trial delays also could shorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize any product candidates we may develop, could allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do, and could impair our ability to successfully commercialize any product candidates we may develop, any of which may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Moreover, principal investigators for our clinical trials may serve as scientific advisors or consultants to us from time to time and receive compensation in connection with such services. Under certain circumstances, we may be required to report some of these relationships to the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities. The FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority may conclude that a financial relationship between us and a principal investigator has created a conflict of interest or otherwise affected interpretation of the trial. The FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority may therefore question the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical trial site and the utility of the clinical trial itself may be jeopardized. This could result in a delay in review, or rejection, of our marketing applications by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority, as the case may be, and may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.

If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment and dosing of patients in clinical trials, our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.

Identifying and qualifying patients to participate in clinical trials for our product candidates is critical to our success. The timing of our clinical trials will depend on our ability to recruit patients to participate in our studies as well as the dosing of such patients and completion of required follow-up periods. There are also a number of other product candidates in development by our competitors, who compete for the same limited patient populations. If we or our collaborators are unable to locate and enroll a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in these trials as required by the FDA, the EMA or other analogous regulatory authorities outside the United States, or as needed to provide appropriate statistical power for a given trial, we may not be able to initiate clinical trials for our current and future product candidates. Enrollment may be particularly challenging for some of the rare diseases we are targeting in our most advanced

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programs. For example, the approximate incidence of MPS-1 is one in 100,000 live births and only approximately 4,000 to 5,000 patients with Fabry disease are known in the United States. In addition, the number of patients eligible to enroll in our clinical trials may turn out to be lower than expected if certain patient populations such as pediatric subpopulations are not eligible to participate in our clinical trials.

If patients are unwilling to participate in our studies because of negative publicity from adverse events related to our product candidates, biotechnology or cell therapy, engineered cell therapy or encapsulated cell therapy fields, competitive clinical trials for similar patient populations or for other reasons, the timeline for recruiting patients, conducting studies and obtaining regulatory approval of our product candidates may be delayed. These delays could result in increased costs, delays in advancing our product candidates, delays in testing the effectiveness of our product candidates or termination of the clinical trials altogether.

Patient enrollment is also affected by other factors, including:

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severity of the disease under investigation;

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size of the patient population and process for identifying patients;

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design of the trial protocol;

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availability and efficacy of approved medications for the disease under investigation;

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convenience and ease of administration compared to approved medications for the disease under investigation and the willingness of patients to undergo the surgical procedures necessary to administer our product candidates, such as laparoscopy;

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ability to obtain and maintain patient informed consent;

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risk that enrolled patients will drop out before completion of the trial;

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eligibility and exclusion criteria for the trial in question;

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perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under trial;

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efforts to facilitate timely enrollment in clinical trials;

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patient referral practices of physicians;

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ability to monitor patients adequately during and after treatment;

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proximity and availability of clinical trial sites for prospective patients; and

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factors we may not be able to control, such as current or potential pandemics that may limit patients, principal investigators or staff or clinical site availability.

Our ability to successfully initiate, enroll, and complete a clinical trial in any foreign country is subject to numerous risks unique to conducting business in foreign countries, including:

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difficulty in establishing or managing relationships with CROs and physicians;

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different standards for the conduct of clinical trials;

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different standard-of-care for patients with a particular disease;

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difficulty in locating qualified local consultants, physicians, and partners; and

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potential burden of complying with a variety of foreign laws, medical standards, and regulatory requirements, including the regulation of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products and treatment.

Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, which would cause the value of our company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing. If we or our collaborators have difficulty enrolling a sufficient number of patients to conduct our clinical trials as planned, we may need to delay, limit, or terminate such clinical trials, or expand to additional jurisdictions, which could impose additional challenges on our company and expose us to risks. If we are not successful in conducting our clinical trials as planned, it would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Even if we complete the necessary clinical trials, we cannot predict when, or if, we will obtain regulatory approval to commercialize any of our product candidates in the United States or any other jurisdiction, and any such approval may be for a more narrow indication than we seek.

We cannot commercialize a product candidate until the appropriate regulatory authorities have reviewed and approved the product candidate. Even if our product candidates meet their safety and efficacy endpoints in clinical trials, the regulatory authorities may not complete their review processes in a timely manner, or we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval. Additional delays may result if an FDA Advisory Committee or other regulatory authority recommends non-approval or restrictions on approval. In addition, we may experience delays or rejections based upon additional government regulation from future legislation or administrative action, or changes in regulatory authority policy during the period of product development, clinical trials, and the review process.

Regulatory authorities also may approve a product candidate for more limited indications than requested or they may impose significant limitations in the form of narrow indications, warnings or a REMS. These regulatory authorities may require labeling that includes precautions or contraindications with respect to conditions of use, or they may grant approval subject to the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials. In addition, regulatory authorities may not approve the labeling claims that are necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of any product candidates we may develop, including claims that are necessary for certain patient populations such as pediatric patients. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects for our product candidates and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

To date, we have not submitted a biologics license application, or BLA, or other marketing authorization application to the FDA or similar drug approval submissions to comparable foreign regulatory authorities for any product candidate. Marketing approval by the FDA in the United States, if obtained, does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or jurisdictions. In addition, clinical trials conducted in one country may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other countries, and regulatory approval in one country does not guarantee regulatory approval in any other country. Approval processes vary among countries and can involve additional product candidate testing and validation and additional administrative review periods. Seeking foreign regulatory approval could result in difficulties and costs for us and require additional preclinical studies or clinical trials which could be costly and time-consuming. Regulatory requirements can vary widely from country to country and could delay or prevent the introduction of our product candidates in those countries. The foreign regulatory approval process involves all of the risks associated with FDA approval. We do not have any product candidates approved for sale in any jurisdiction, including international markets, and we do not have experience in obtaining regulatory approval in international markets. If we fail to comply with regulatory requirements in international markets or to obtain and maintain required approvals, or if regulatory approvals in international markets are delayed, our target market will be reduced and our ability to realize the full market potential of our product candidates will be unrealized.

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Interim, topline or preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more patient data becomes available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.

From time to time, we may publicly disclose preliminary or topline data from our preclinical studies and clinical trials, which is based on a preliminary analysis of then-available data, and the results and related findings and conclusions are subject to change following a more comprehensive review of the data related to the particular study or trial. We also make assumptions, estimations, calculations and conclusions as part of our analyses of data, and we may not have received or had the opportunity to fully and carefully evaluate all data. As a result, the topline results that we report may differ from future results of the same studies, or different conclusions or considerations may qualify such results, once additional data have been received and fully evaluated. Topline data also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the preliminary data we previously published. As a result, topline data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available.

From time to time, we may also disclose interim data from our preclinical studies and clinical trials. Interim data from clinical trials that we may complete are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment continues and more patient data become available. Adverse differences between preliminary or interim data and final data could significantly harm our business prospects. Further, disclosure of interim data by us or by our competitors could result in volatility in the price of our common stock.

Further, others, including regulatory agencies, may not accept or agree with our assumptions, estimates, calculations, conclusions, or analyses or may interpret or weigh the importance of data differently, which could impact the value of the particular program, the approvability or commercialization of the particular product candidate or product and our company in general. If the interim, topline, or preliminary data that we report differ from actual results, or if others, including regulatory authorities, disagree with the conclusions reached, our ability to obtain approval for, and commercialize, our product candidates may be harmed, which may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Our product candidates may be considered combination products involving a proprietary delivery approach, which may result in additional regulatory and other risks.

Because our SLTx platform represents a novel approach to cell-based therapy development, we could be asked to perform additional preclinical or clinical studies, as well as develop additional manufacturing procedures and protocols, before we are able to obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates. Our product candidates are comprised of both allogeneic human cells, which means the cells are obtained from a human donor other than the patient, and sphere components, and therefore we expect our product candidates to be regulated as biologic combination products, such as a biologic-device combination products for administration directly to the abdominal cavity or, as a novel cell-based therapies, which may subject our product candidates to additional regulatory requirements, such as CMC, preclinical or clinical requirements. If FDA regulates our product candidates as biologic-device combination products, we anticipate each component would be subject to the FDA medical requirements for that type of component. If that is the case, our delivery system device would be subject to FDA device requirements regarding design, performance, and validation, and human factor testing, as well as manufacturing requirements, including the FDA’s Quality System regulations applicable to medical devices. Additionally, products that are regulated as biologic-device combination products would require coordination within the FDA for review of the product candidate’s device and biologic components. The determination whether a combination product requires a single marketing application or two separate marketing applications for each component is made by the FDA on a case-by-case basis. Although a single marketing application may be sufficient for the approval of a combination product, the FDA may determine that separate marketing applications are necessary. This determination could significantly increase the resources and time required to bring our combination product to market. Although the FDA has systems in place for the review and approval of combination products such as ours, we may experience delays in the development and commercialization of our product candidates due to regulatory timing constraints and uncertainties in the product development and approval process, as well as coordination between two different centers within FDA responsible for review of the different components of the combination product.

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Even if we, or any collaborators we may have, obtain marketing approvals for any product candidates we develop, the terms of approvals and ongoing regulation of our product candidates could require the substantial expenditure of resources and may limit how we, or they, manufacture and market our product candidates, which could materially impair our ability to generate revenue.

Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, post-approval clinical data, labeling, packaging, distribution, import, export, adverse event reporting, storage, recordkeeping, advertising, and promotional activities for such product candidate, will be subject to extensive and ongoing requirements imposed by the FDA, EMA and other regulatory authorities. These requirements include submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, facility registration and drug listing requirements, cGMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, requirements regarding the distribution of samples to physicians and recordkeeping, and with respect to any medical device components of our product candidates, compliance with applicable provisions of the FDA’s Quality System regulation. Even if marketing approval of a product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed or to the conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product.

Accordingly, assuming we, or any collaborators we may have, receive marketing approval for one or more product candidates we develop, we, and such collaborators, and our and their contract manufacturers will continue to expend time, money, and effort in all areas of regulatory compliance, including manufacturing, production, product surveillance, and quality control. If we and such collaborators are not able to comply with post-approval regulatory requirements, we and such collaborators could have the marketing approvals for our products withdrawn by regulatory authorities and our, or such collaborators’, ability to market any future products could be limited, which could adversely affect our ability to achieve or sustain profitability. Further, the cost of compliance with post-approval regulations may have a negative effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and prospects.

In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturers, or manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may yield various negative consequences, including:

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restrictions on such products, manufacturers, or manufacturing processes;

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restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a medicine;

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restrictions on the distribution or use of a medicine;

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requirements to conduct additional post-marketing clinical trials;

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receipt of warning or untitled letters;

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withdrawal of the products from the market, or suspension of marketing approvals;

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refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;

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recall of our approved product candidates;

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fines, restitution, or disgorgement of profits or revenue;

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restrictions on future procurements with governmental authorities;

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suspension of any ongoing clinical trials;

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refusal to permit the import or export of our medicines;

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product seizure; and

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injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.

Any government investigation of alleged violations of law could require us to expend significant time and resources in response and could generate negative publicity. The occurrence of any event or penalty described above may inhibit our ability to commercialize our product candidates, if approved, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Disruptions at the FDA and other government agencies caused by funding shortages or global health concerns could hinder their ability to hire, retain or deploy key leadership and other personnel, or otherwise prevent new or modified products from being developed, approved or commercialized in a timely manner or at all, which could negatively impact our business.

The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, statutory, regulatory, and policy changes, the FDA’s ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees, and other events that may otherwise affect the FDA’s ability to perform routine functions. Average review times at the FDA have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of other government agencies that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable. Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new biologics or modifications to licensed biologics to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business. For example, over the last several years, the United States government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, have had to furlough critical FDA employees and stop critical activities.

If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, or if global health concerns continue to prevent the FDA or other regulatory authorities from conducting their regular inspections, reviews or other regulatory activities, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA or other regulatory authorities to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Risks Related to Our Industry and Future Commercialization

Even if a product candidate receives marketing approval, such product candidate may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, healthcare payors, and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success.

The commercial success of our product candidates will depend upon the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors, and others in the medical community. Even if a product candidate receives marketing approval, the product may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, healthcare payors, and others in the medical community. The degree of market acceptance of any product candidates we may develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend on a number of factors, including:

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the efficacy and safety of such product candidates as demonstrated in clinical trials;

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the potential and perceived advantages compared to alternative treatments;

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the limitation to our targeted patient population and limitations or warnings contained in approved labeling by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;

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the ability to offer our product candidates for sale at competitive prices;

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convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments, including the logistical challenges of administering product candidates with a short shelf life and the willingness of patients to

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undergo the surgical procedures necessary to administer our product candidates, such as interventional radiology guided placement;

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the clinical indications for which the product candidate is approved by the FDA, the EMA, or other regulatory agencies;

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the willingness of the target patient population to try novel therapies and of physicians to prescribe these therapies;

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product labeling or product insert requirements of the FDA, the EMA, or other regulatory authorities, including any limitations or warnings contained in a product’s approved labeling;

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the timing of market introduction of competitive products;

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publicity concerning our products or competing products and treatments;

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the strength of marketing and distribution support;

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sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement; and

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the prevalence and severity of any side effects.

In addition, even if product candidates are approved, such products may not achieve an adequate level of acceptance, we may not generate significant product revenues, and we may not become profitable.

If, in the future, we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to sell and market any product candidates we may develop, we may not be successful in commercializing those product candidates if and when they are approved.

We do not have a sales or marketing infrastructure and have limited experience in the sale, marketing, or distribution of pharmaceutical products. To achieve commercial success for any approved medicine for which we retain sales and marketing responsibilities, we must either develop a sales and marketing organization or outsource these functions to third parties. In the future, we may choose to build a focused sales, marketing, and commercial support infrastructure to sell, or participate in sales activities with our collaborators for, some of our current and future product candidates if and when they are approved.

There are risks involved with both establishing our own commercial capabilities and entering into arrangements with third parties to perform these services. For example, recruiting and training a sales force or reimbursement specialists is expensive and time consuming and could delay any product launch. If the commercial launch of a product candidate for which we recruit a sales force and establish marketing and other commercialization capabilities is delayed or does not occur for any reason, we would have prematurely or unnecessarily incurred these commercialization expenses. This may be costly, and our investment would be lost if we cannot retain or reposition our commercialization personnel.

Factors that may inhibit our efforts to commercialize product candidates on our own include:

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our inability to recruit and retain adequate numbers of effective sales, marketing, reimbursement, customer service, medical affairs, and other support personnel;

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the inability of sales personnel to obtain access to physicians to discuss our product candidates;

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the inability of reimbursement professionals to negotiate arrangements for formulary access, reimbursement, and other acceptance by payors;

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restricted or closed distribution channels that make it difficult to distribute product candidates to segments of the patient population;

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the lack of complementary medicines to be offered by sales personnel, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage relative to companies with more extensive product lines; and

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unforeseen costs and expenses associated with creating an independent commercialization organization.

If we enter into arrangements with third parties to perform sales, marketing, commercial support, and distribution services, our product revenues or the profitability of these product revenues to us may be lower than if we were to market and sell any product we may develop ourselves. In addition, we may not be successful in entering into arrangements with third parties to commercialize product candidates or may be unable to do so on terms that are favorable to us. We may have little control over such third parties, and any of them may fail to devote the necessary resources and attention to sell and market our products effectively. If we do not establish commercialization capabilities successfully, either on our own or in collaboration with third parties, we will not be successful in commercializing our products we may develop.

We face significant competition in an environment of rapid technological change, and there is a possibility that our competitors may achieve regulatory approval before us or develop therapies that are safer or more advanced or effective than ours, which may harm our financial condition and our ability to successfully market or commercialize any product candidates we may develop.

The development and commercialization of new therapeutic biologics is highly competitive. Moreover, the engineered cell therapy field is characterized by rapidly changing technologies, significant competition, and a strong emphasis on intellectual property. We will face competition with respect to any product candidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future from major pharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies, and biotechnology companies worldwide. Potential competitors also include academic institutions, government agencies, and other public and private research organizations that conduct research, seek patent protection, and establish collaborative arrangements for research, development, manufacturing, and commercialization.

There are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of products for the treatment of the same disease indications as our product candidates, including endocrine, lysosomal diseases and other acute and chronic disorders. We may face intense competition from large pharmaceutical companies with extensive resources and established relationships in these patient communities. The current standard of care for T1D is highly competitive and established, and includes Novo Nordisk’s Levemir and Tresiba, and Sanofi’s Toujeo and Lantus. There are also diabetes programs in development at Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which acquired ViaCyte, Inc. and Sana Biotechnology, Inc. that may compete with any therapy to treat diabetes we may develop. Additionally, several large pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies currently market and sell products for the treatment of lysosomal disorders. This includes products developed by Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., or BioMarin, and Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., or Ultragenyx, among others. Any product candidates that we or our collaborators successfully develop and commercialize will compete with existing therapies and new therapies that may become available in the future that are approved to treat the same diseases for which we may obtain approval for our product candidates.

Many of our current or potential competitors, either alone or with their collaboration partners, may have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in research and development, manufacturing, preclinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals, and marketing approved products than we do. Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of our competitors. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These competitors also compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel and establishing clinical trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs. Our commercial opportunity could be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and commercialize product candidates that are safer, more effective, have fewer or less severe side effects, are more convenient, or are less expensive than the product candidates we may develop or that would render any of our product candidates obsolete or

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non-competitive. Our competitors also may obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their product candidates more rapidly than we may obtain approval for ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before we are able to enter the market.

Our commercial opportunity may also be reduced or limited if we or our partners are unable to manufacture large, cryopreserved lots of our products candidates in a fully automated encapsulation system efficiently. Additionally, technologies developed by our competitors may render our product candidates, or our future developments, uneconomical or obsolete, and we may not be successful in marketing a product for any of our product candidates against competitors.

In addition, we could face litigation with respect to the validity and/or scope of patents relating to our competitors’ products. The availability of our competitors’ products could limit the demand, and the price we are able to charge, for any of our product candidates. Further, intellectual property protection for human cell lines, including the engineered cell components of our product candidates are dynamic and rapidly evolving. The scope of intellectual property protection for the human cell line(s) used in our platform may be limited, and our commercial opportunity may be reduced or limited if our competitors are able to acquire or develop the same or similar cell lines.

Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidates, such products may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third-party reimbursement practices, or healthcare reform initiatives, which would harm our business.

The regulations that govern pricing, and reimbursement for new medicines vary widely from country to country. Outside the United States, some countries require approval of the sale price of a medicine before it can be marketed. In many countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some foreign markets, prescription pharmaceutical pricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product candidate in a particular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay or might even prevent our commercial launch of the product candidate, possibly for lengthy time periods, and negatively impact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product candidate in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investment in one or more product candidates we may develop.

Our ability to commercialize any product candidates successfully also will depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for these product candidates and related treatments will be available from government authorities, government healthcare programs, private health plans, and other organizations. Government authorities and third-party payors, such as private health plans, decide which medications they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels. A primary trend in the United States healthcare industry and elsewhere is cost containment. Government authorities and third-party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. Increasingly, third-party payors are challenging the prices charged for medical products and requiring that drug companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices. Novel medical products, if covered at all, may be subject to enhanced utilization management controls designed to ensure that the products are used only when medically necessary. Such utilization management controls may discourage the prescription or use of a medical product by increasing the administrative burden associated with its prescription or creating coverage uncertainties for prescribers and patients. We cannot be sure that reimbursement will be available for any product candidate that we commercialize and, if reimbursement is available, that the level of reimbursement will be adequate. Reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval. If reimbursement is not available or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval.

There may be significant delays in obtaining reimbursement for newly approved product candidates, and coverage may be more limited than the purposes for which the product candidate is approved by the FDA, the EMA or other regulatory authorities outside the United States. Moreover, eligibility for reimbursement does not imply that any product candidate will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale, and distribution. Interim reimbursement levels for new product candidates, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover our costs and may not be made permanent. Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the product candidate and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on reimbursement levels already set for lower cost therapies or medicines and may be incorporated into existing payments for other services. Net prices for product candidates

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may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required for government healthcare programs or private payors and by any future relaxation of laws that presently restrict imports of medicines from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United States. Our inability to promptly obtain coverage and profitable payment rates from both government-funded and private payors for any approved product candidates we may develop could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, our ability to raise capital needed to commercialize medicines, and our overall financial condition.

Any product candidates for which we intend to seek approval as biologic products may face competition sooner than anticipated.

Under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, or BPCIA, an application for a biosimilar product may not be submitted to the FDA until four years following the date that a reference product was first licensed by the FDA. In addition, the approval of a biosimilar product may not be made effective by the FDA until 12 years from the date on which the reference product was first licensed. During this 12-year period of exclusivity, another company may still market a competing version of the reference product if the FDA approves a full BLA for the competing product containing the sponsor’s own preclinical data and data from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to demonstrate the safety, purity and potency of their product. The law is complex and is still being interpreted and implemented by the FDA. As a result, its ultimate impact, implementation, and meaning are subject to uncertainty. While it is uncertain when such processes intended to implement BPCIA may be fully adopted by the FDA, any such processes could have a material adverse effect on the future commercial prospects for our biological products.

Any of our product candidates approved as a biological product under a BLA may not qualify for the 12-year period of exclusivity or this exclusivity could be shortened due to congressional action or otherwise, or the FDA may not consider our product candidates to be reference products for competing products, potentially creating the opportunity for generic competition sooner than anticipated. Other aspects of the BPCIA, some of which may impact the BPCIA exclusivity provisions, have also been the subject of recent litigation. Moreover, the extent to which a biosimilar, once approved, will be substituted for any one of our reference products in a way that is similar to traditional generic substitution for non-biological products is not yet clear, and will depend on a number of marketplace and regulatory factors that are still developing.

Due to the novel nature of our technologies and the potential for our product candidates to offer therapeutic benefit in a single administration or limited number of administrations, we face uncertainty related to pricing and reimbursement for these product candidates.

If we are unable to obtain adequate levels of reimbursement, our ability to successfully market and sell any such product candidates will be adversely affected. The manner and level at which reimbursement is provided for services related to our product candidates (e.g., for administration of our product candidate to patients) is also important. Inadequate reimbursement for such services may lead to physician and payor resistance and adversely affect our ability to market or sell our product candidates. In addition, we may need to develop new reimbursement models in order to realize adequate value.

Payors may not be able or willing to adopt such new models, and patients may be unable to afford that portion of the cost that such models may require them to bear. If we determine such new models are necessary but we are unsuccessful in developing them, or if such models are not adopted by payors, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be adversely affected.

We expect that coverage and reimbursement by government and private payors will be essential for most patients to be able to afford these treatments. Accordingly, sales of any such product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our product candidates will be paid by government authorities, private health plans, and other third-party payors. Payors may not be willing to pay high prices for a single administration. Coverage and reimbursement by a third-party payor may depend upon several factors, including the third-party payor’s determination that use of a product is:

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a covered benefit under its health plan;

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safe, effective, and medically necessary;

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appropriate for the specific patient;

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cost-effective; and

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neither experimental nor investigational.

Obtaining coverage and reimbursement for a product from third-party payors is a time-consuming and costly process that could require us to provide to the payor supporting scientific, clinical, and cost-effectiveness data. There is significant uncertainty related to third-party coverage and reimbursement of newly approved products. We may not be able to provide data sufficient to gain acceptance with respect to coverage and reimbursement. If coverage and reimbursement are not available, or are available only at limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any product candidates we may develop. Even if coverage is provided, the approved reimbursement amount may not be adequate to realize a sufficient return on our investment.

Moreover, the downward pressure on healthcare costs in general, particularly prescription drugs and surgical procedures and other treatments, has become intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new product candidates such as ours. If we are unable to obtain adequate levels of reimbursement, our ability to successfully market and sell any of our product candidates will be harmed.

If the market opportunities for our programs are smaller than we believe they are, our potential revenues may be adversely affected, and our business may suffer.

We focus certain research and product development pipelines and our product candidates on treatments for rare diseases including endocrine, lysosomal diseases and other acute and chronic disorders. Our understanding of both the number of people who have these diseases, as well as the subset of people with these diseases who have the potential to benefit from treatment with our product candidates, are based on estimates. For example, the approximate incidence of MPS-1 is one in 100,000 live births. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies may reduce the estimated incidence or prevalence of these diseases. The number of patients in the United States and elsewhere may turn out to be lower than expected, may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our product candidates or patients may become increasingly difficult to identify and access, all of which would adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, the number of patients with these diseases who have the potential to benefit from treatment may turn out to be lower than expected if we are unable to treat certain patient populations such as pediatric subpopulations.

Product liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and could limit commercialization of any medicines that we may develop.

We face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to our human clinical trial for SIG-001 or any other product candidates for which we may initiate human clinical trials in the future. We will face an even greater liability risk if we commercially sell any product candidates that we may develop. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against claims that our product candidates caused injuries, we could incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:

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decreased demand for any product candidates that we may develop;

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injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention;

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withdrawal of clinical trial participants;

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significant time and costs to defend the related litigation;

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substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;

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loss of revenue; and

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the inability to commercialize any product candidates that we may develop.

Although we maintain product liability insurance coverage, it may not be adequate to cover all liabilities that we may incur. We anticipate that we will need to increase our insurance coverage when we begin clinical trials and if we successfully commercialize any medicine. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise.

If we or any contract manufacturers and suppliers we engage fail to comply with environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject to fines or penalties or incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on the success of our business.

We and any contract manufacturers and suppliers we engage with are subject to numerous federal, state, and local environmental, health, and safety laws, regulations, and permitting requirements, including those governing laboratory procedures; the generation, handling, use, storage, treatment, and disposal of hazardous and regulated materials and wastes; the emission and discharge of hazardous materials into the ground, air, and water; and employee health and safety. Our operations involve the use of hazardous and flammable materials, including chemicals and biological materials. Our operations also produce hazardous waste. We generally contract with third parties for the disposal of these materials and wastes. We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of contamination or injury resulting from our use of hazardous materials, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources. Under certain environmental laws, we could be held responsible for costs relating to any contamination at our current or past facilities and at third-party facilities. We also could incur significant costs associated with civil or criminal fines and penalties.

Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations may be expensive, and current or future environmental laws and regulations may impair our research and product development efforts. In addition, we cannot entirely eliminate the risk of accidental injury or contamination from these materials or wastes. Although we maintain workers’ compensation insurance to cover us for costs and expenses we may incur due to injuries to our employees resulting from the use of hazardous materials, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. We do not carry specific biological or hazardous waste insurance coverage, and our property, casualty, and general liability insurance policies (under which we currently have an aggregate of approximately $15.0 million in coverage) specifically exclude coverage for damages and fines arising from biological or hazardous waste exposure or contamination. Accordingly, in the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for damages or be penalized with fines in an amount exceeding our resources, and our clinical trials or regulatory approvals could be suspended, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

In addition, we may incur substantial costs in order to comply with current or future environmental, health, and safety laws, regulations, and permitting requirements. These current or future laws, regulations, and permitting requirements may impair our research, development, or production efforts. Failure to comply with these laws, regulations, and permitting requirements also may result in substantial fines, penalties, or other sanctions or business disruption, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Any third-party contract manufacturers and suppliers we engage with will also be subject to these and other environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations. Liabilities they incur pursuant to these laws and regulations could result in significant costs or an interruption in operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

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Our technologies are novel, and any product candidates we develop may be complex and difficult to manufacture on a clinical or commercial scale. We could experience delays in satisfying regulatory authorities or production problems that result in delays in our development or commercialization programs, limit the supply of our product candidates we may develop, or otherwise harm our business.

Our SLTx platform is novel and the manufacture of products on the basis of our platform is untested at a large scale. Any current and future product candidates will likely require processing steps that are more complex than those required for most small molecule pharmaceuticals and traditional biologics. Moreover, unlike small molecules, the physical and chemical properties of various components in our product candidates generally cannot be fully characterized. As a result, assays of the finished drug product may not be sufficient to ensure that the product will perform in the intended manner. Problems with the manufacturing process, even minor deviations from the normal process, could result in product defects or manufacturing failures that result in lot failures, product recalls, product liability claims, insufficient inventory, or potentially delay progression of our regulatory filings. If we successfully develop product candidates, we may encounter problems achieving adequate quantities and quality of clinical-grade materials that meet FDA, EMA or other comparable applicable foreign standards or specifications with consistent and acceptable production yields and costs. If we or our contract manufacturers are unable to scale our manufacturing at the same levels of quality and efficiency, we may not be able to supply the required number of doses for clinical trials or commercial supply, and our business could be harmed.

As product candidates proceed through preclinical studies to clinical trials towards potential approval and commercialization, it is common that various aspects of the manufacturing methods and testing methods are changed along the way in an effort to optimize processes and results. Any such changes will require comparability studies to ensure that the manufacturing and testing method changes have not impacted on product quality and efficacy. Such changes may also require additional FDA notification or FDA approval. This could delay completion of clinical trials, require the conduct of bridging clinical trials or the repetition of one or more clinical trials, increase clinical trial costs, delay approval of our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generate revenue.

In addition, the FDA, the EMA, the MHRA, and other regulatory authorities may require us to submit samples of any lot of any approved product together with the protocols showing the results of applicable tests at any time. Under some circumstances, the FDA, the EMA, the MHRA, or other regulatory authorities may require that we not distribute a lot until the agency authorizes its release. Deviations in the manufacturing process, including those affecting quality attributes and stability of the product, may result in unacceptable changes in the product that could result in lot failures or product recalls. Lot failures or product recalls could cause us to delay clinical trials or product launches, which could be costly to us and otherwise harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

We also may encounter problems hiring and retaining the experienced scientific, quality control, and manufacturing personnel needed to manage our manufacturing process, which could result in delays in our production or difficulties in maintaining compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.

The manufacture of biopharmaceutical products is complex and requires significant expertise, including the development of advanced manufacturing techniques and process controls. Manufacturers of cell therapy products often encounter difficulties in production, particularly in scaling out and validating initial production and ensuring the absence of contamination. Given the nature of biologics manufacturing and the cell therapy products used in our early-stage programs there is a risk of contamination during manufacturing. For example, given the aseptic controls required for the manufacture of our product candidates, if contaminants are discovered in our supply of product candidates or in the manufacturing facilities, such manufacturing facilities may need to be closed for an extended period of time to investigate and remedy the contamination. Any such contamination could materially harm our ability to produce product candidates on schedule and could delay our development programs and results of operations and cause reputational damage. We cannot assure you that any such issues relating to the manufacture of our product candidates will not occur in the future or that significant delays would not occur as a result of any such issue.

In addition, some of the raw materials that we anticipate will be required in our manufacturing process are derived from biologic sources, including Fetal Bovine Serum, which is used in our cell culture process, and our alginates, which are naturally occurring polymers derived from seaweed. Such raw materials can be difficult to procure and may be subject to contamination or recall. A material shortage, recall, or restriction on the use of biologically derived substances in the

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manufacture of any of our product candidates could adversely impact or disrupt the commercial manufacturing or the production of clinical material, which could materially harm our development timelines and our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Any problems in our manufacturing process or the facilities with which we contract to make, store or ship our product candidates or any problems caused by us, our vendors or other factors not in our control could result in the loss of usable product or prevent or delay the delivery of product candidates to patients in our clinical trials. Any such loss or delay could materially delay our development timelines and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such losses or delays could also make us a less attractive collaborator for potential partners, including larger pharmaceutical companies and academic research institutions, which could limit our access to additional attractive development programs.

We purchase some of the starting material for our product candidates from a single source or a limited number of suppliers, and the partial or complete loss of one of these suppliers could cause production delays, clinical trial delays, substantial loss of revenue and contract liability to third parties.

We source a critical raw material used in our sphere alginate from a single supplier. A limited supply of this raw material and other raw materials with a limited number of suppliers could cause production delays, clinical trial delays, substantial lost revenue opportunities or contract liabilities to third parties. For example, there are only a limited number of qualified suppliers, and in some cases single source suppliers, for the raw materials included in our SLTx platform, including our current supply of alginates. Any interruption in supply, diminution in quality of raw materials supplied to us or failure to procure such raw materials on commercially feasible terms could harm our business by delaying the progress of our preclinical studies and future clinical trials and by impeding commercialization of potential approved products or increasing our costs.

Additionally, our sphere alginate is derived from a naturally occurring seaweed. The availability or characteristics of this material may be impacted by disease to this species of seaweed, ocean pollution and climate change as a result of global warming.

Risks Related to Our Relationships with Third Parties

We have entered and may in the future enter into collaborations with third parties for the research, development, and commercialization of SIG-002 or any other potential product candidates. If any such collaborations are not successful or our existing partners do not perform as expected, we may not be able to capitalize on the market potential of those product candidates.

We have engaged and may in the future seek third-party collaborators for the research, development, and commercialization of certain of the product candidates we may develop. For example, pursuant to our agreement with Eli Lilly and Company, or Lilly, for the development of SIG-002, Lilly will be responsible for submitting an IND and all clinical development and commercialization activities following such IND submission, and may take over some or all of the research activities prior to such IND submission, at its cost. We will therefore depend on Lilly to design and conduct their clinical studies. If we enter into similar collaboration agreements for any of our other product candidates, we may also depend on partners to design and conduct clinical trials. As a result, we may have limited control over the amount and timing of resources that our collaborators dedicate to the development or commercialization of SIG-002 or other product candidates we may decide to partner with third-party collaborators. Our ability to generate revenues from these arrangements will depend on our collaborators’ abilities to successfully perform the functions assigned to them in these arrangements. We cannot predict the success of our current or any future collaboration that we enter into.

Our current and any future collaborations involving our research programs or our current or any future product candidates pose numerous risks to us, including the following:

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Collaborators may have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to these collaborations.

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Collaborators may not pursue development and commercialization of any current or future product candidates or may elect not to continue or renew development or commercialization programs based on clinical trial results, changes in the collaborator’s strategic focus or available funding or external factors such as an acquisition that diverts resources or creates competing priorities.

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Collaborators may delay clinical trials, provide insufficient funding for a clinical trial program, stop a clinical trial or abandon a product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials, or require a new formulation of a product candidate for clinical testing.

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Collaborators could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that compete directly or indirectly with any current or future product candidates if the collaborators believe that competitive products are more likely to be successfully developed or can be commercialized under terms that are more economically attractive than ours.

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Collaborators with marketing and distribution rights to one or more product candidates may not commit sufficient resources to the marketing and distribution of such product candidates.

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Collaborators may not properly obtain, maintain, enforce, or defend our intellectual property or proprietary rights or may use our proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation.

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Disputes may arise between the collaborators and us that result in the delay or termination of the research, development, or commercialization of our product candidates or that result in costly litigation or arbitration that diverts management attention and resources.

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We may lose certain valuable rights under circumstances identified in our collaborations, including if we undergo a change of control.

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Collaborations may be terminated and, if terminated, may result in a need for additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of the applicable product candidates we may develop.

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Collaboration agreements may not lead to development or commercialization of product candidates in the most efficient manner or at all. If a present or future collaborator of ours were to be involved in a business combination, the continued pursuit and emphasis on our product development or commercialization program under such collaboration could be delayed, diminished, or terminated.

If our collaborations do not result in the successful development and commercialization of product candidates, or if Lilly or any of our other collaborators terminates its agreement with us, we may not receive any future research funding or milestones or royalty payments under the collaboration. If we do not receive the funding we expect under these agreements, our development of product candidates could be delayed, and we may need additional resources to develop product candidates. In addition, if one of our collaborators terminates its agreement with us, we may find it more difficult to find a suitable replacement collaborator or attract new collaborators, and our development programs may be delayed or the perception of us in the business and financial communities could be adversely affected. All of the risks relating to product development, regulatory approval, and commercialization described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q apply to the activities of our collaborators.

These relationships, or those like them, may require us to incur non-recurring and other charges, increase our near- and long-term expenditures, issue securities that dilute our existing stockholders, or disrupt our management and business. In addition, we could face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators, and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex. Our ability to reach a definitive collaboration agreement will depend, among other things, upon our assessment of the collaborator’s resources and expertise, the terms and conditions of the proposed collaboration, and the proposed collaborator’s evaluation of several factors. If we license rights to any of our future product candidates, as we have with Lilly for the development and commercialization of SIG-002, we may not be able to realize

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the benefit of such transactions if we are unable to successfully integrate them with our existing operations and company culture.

If conflicts arise between our partners and us, the other party may act in a manner adverse to us and could limit our ability to implement our strategies. If any of our partners terminate or breach our agreements with them, or otherwise fail to complete their obligations in a timely manner, it may have a detrimental effect on our financial position by reducing or eliminating the potential for us to receive technology access and license fees, milestones and royalties, reimbursement of development costs, as well as possibly requiring us to devote additional efforts and incur costs associated with pursuing internal development of product candidates. Furthermore, if our partners do not prioritize and commit sufficient resources to programs associated with our product candidates or collaboration product candidates, we or our partners may be unable to commercialize these product candidates, which would limit our ability to generate revenue and become profitable.

If we are not able to establish collaborations on commercially reasonable terms, we may have to alter our development and commercialization plans.

Our product development and research programs and the potential commercialization of any of our current and future product candidates will require substantial additional cash to fund expenses. For some of the product candidates we may develop, we may decide to collaborate with other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for the development and potential commercialization of those product candidates. For example, we have partnered with Lilly for the development and commercialization of SIG-002 for the treatment of T1D.

We face significant competition in seeking appropriate collaborators. Whether we reach a definitive agreement for a collaboration will depend, among other things, upon our assessment of the collaborator’s resources and expertise, the terms and conditions of the proposed collaboration, and the proposed collaborator’s evaluation of a number of factors. Those factors may include preclinical results, the design or results of clinical trials, the likelihood of approval by the FDA, the EMA, the MHRA or similar regulatory authorities outside the United States, the potential market for the subject product candidate, the costs and complexities of manufacturing and delivering such product candidate to patients, the potential of competing products, the existence of uncertainty with respect to our ownership of technology, which can exist if there is a challenge to such ownership without regard to the merits of the challenge, and industry and market conditions generally. The collaborator may also consider alternative product candidates or technologies for similar indications that may be available to collaborate on and whether such a collaboration could be more attractive than the one with us.

Collaboration agreements may also restrict us from entering into future agreements on certain terms with potential collaborators or from using intellectual property and product candidates resulting from such collaboration. Collaborations are complex and time-consuming to negotiate and document. In addition, there have been a significant number of recent business combinations among large pharmaceutical companies that have resulted in a reduced number of potential future collaborators.

We may not be able to negotiate collaborations on a timely basis, on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to do so, we may have to curtail the development of the product candidate for which we are seeking to collaborate, reduce or delay its development program or one or more of our other development programs, delay its potential commercialization or reduce the scope of any sales or marketing activities, or increase our expenditures and undertake development or commercialization activities at our own expense. If we elect to increase our expenditures to fund development or commercialization activities on our own, we may need to obtain additional capital, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If we do not have sufficient funds, we may not be able to develop product candidates or bring them to market and generate product revenue.

We expect to rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials and conduct some aspects of our research and preclinical testing, and those third parties may not perform satisfactorily, including failing to meet deadlines for the completion of such trials, research, or testing.

We expect to rely on third parties, such as CROs, medical institutions, and clinical investigators, to conduct our clinical trials. We currently rely and expect to continue to rely on third parties to conduct some aspects of our research and

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preclinical testing. Any of our collaborators and partners may terminate their engagements with us at any time. If we need to enter into alternative arrangements, it may delay our product development activities.

Our reliance on third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of our responsibilities. For example, even if we rely on CROs to conduct our future clinical trials, we will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with the study protocol for the trial. Moreover, the FDA, the EMA, the MHRA and other regulatory authorities will require us to comply with GCP requirements for conducting, recording, and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights, integrity, and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Regulatory authorities enforce these GCPs through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we or any of our CROs fail to comply with applicable GCP, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with product produced under cGMP regulations. Our failure to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process.

Although we intend to design the clinical trials for the majority of our product candidates, CROs will conduct some or all of the clinical trials. As a result, many important aspects of our development programs, including their conduct and timing, will be outside of our direct control. Our reliance on third parties to conduct future preclinical studies and clinical trials will also result in less direct control over the management of data developed through preclinical studies and clinical trials than would be the case if we were relying entirely upon our own staff.

Communicating with outside parties can also be challenging, potentially leading to mistakes as well as difficulties in coordinating activities. Outside parties may:

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have staffing difficulties;

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fail to comply with contractual obligations;

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experience regulatory compliance issues;

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undergo changes in priorities or become financially distressed; or

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form relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors.

These factors may materially adversely affect the willingness or ability of third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials and may subject us to unexpected cost increases that are beyond our control. If the CROs and other third parties do not perform preclinical studies and future clinical trials in a satisfactory manner, breach their obligations to us or fail to comply with regulatory requirements, the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates may be delayed or prevented, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval and commercialize our product candidates, or our development programs may be materially and irreversibly harmed.

We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute product supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of our distributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidates or commercialization of our medicines, producing additional losses and depriving us of product revenue.

If any of our relationships with these third-party CROs terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or to do so on commercially reasonable terms. If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our product candidates. As a result, our results of operations and the

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commercial prospects for our product candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to generate revenues could be delayed.

Switching or adding additional CROs involves additional cost and requires management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new CRO commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines. Additionally, CROs may lack the capacity to absorb higher workloads or take on additional capacity to support our needs. Though we carefully manage our relationships with our CROs, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter similar challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects.

Because we rely on third-party manufacturing and supply partners, our supply of research and development, preclinical and clinical development materials may become limited or interrupted or may not be of satisfactory quantity or quality.

We lack the internal capability to manufacture any product candidates at clinical or commercial scale under cGMP conditions. The facilities used by our CMOs to manufacture our product candidates must be acceptable to the FDA and other comparable foreign regulatory agencies pursuant to inspections that would be conducted after we submit our marketing application or relevant foreign regulatory submission to the applicable regulatory agency. Our clinical development product supplies may be limited, interrupted or may not be of satisfactory quality or continue to be available at acceptable prices. If our CMOs cannot successfully manufacture material that conforms to our specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory agencies, they will not be able to secure or maintain regulatory approval for their manufacturing facilities. Any replacement of our CMOs could require significant effort and expertise because there may be a limited number of qualified replacements.

The manufacturing process for our product candidates is subject to FDA and foreign regulatory authority review. Suppliers and manufacturers must meet applicable manufacturing requirements and undergo rigorous facility and process validation tests required by regulatory authorities in order to comply with regulatory standards, such as cGMP. We have no direct control over our CMOs’ ability to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. In the event that any of our manufacturers fails to comply with regulatory requirements or to perform its obligations to us in relation to quality, timing or otherwise, or if our supply of components or other materials becomes limited or interrupted for other reasons, we may be forced to manufacture the materials ourselves, for which we currently do not have the capabilities or resources, or enter into an agreement with another third party, which we may not be able to do on reasonable terms, if at all. In some cases, the technical skills or technology required to manufacture our product candidates may be unique or proprietary to the original manufacturer and we may have difficulty transferring such skills or technology to another third party and a feasible alternative may not exist. These factors would increase our reliance on such manufacturer or require us to obtain a license from such manufacturer in order to have another third party manufacture our product candidates. If we are required to change manufacturers for any reason, we will be required to verify that the new manufacturer maintains facilities and procedures that comply with quality standards and with all applicable regulations and guidelines, and that the material manufactured in the new facility is comparable to the material manufactured in the original facility. The delays associated with the verification of a new manufacturer could negatively affect our ability to develop product candidates in a timely manner or within budget. Our reliance on contract manufacturers also exposes us to the possibility that they, or third parties with access to their facilities, will have access to and may appropriate our trade secrets or other proprietary information.

We expect to continue to rely on third-party CMOs if we receive regulatory approval for any product candidate. To the extent that we have existing, or enter into future, manufacturing arrangements with third parties, we will depend on these third parties to perform their obligations in a timely manner consistent with contractual and regulatory requirements, including those related to quality control and assurance. If we are unable to obtain or maintain third-party manufacturing for our product candidates, or to do so on commercially reasonable terms, we may not be able to develop and commercialize our product candidates successfully. Our or a third party’s failure to execute on our manufacturing requirements and comply with cGMP could adversely affect our business in a number of ways, including:

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an inability to initiate or continue clinical studies of product candidates under development;

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delay in submitting regulatory applications, or receiving regulatory approvals, for our product candidates;

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loss of the cooperation of an existing or future strategic partner;

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subjecting third-party manufacturing facilities or our manufacturing facilities to additional inspections by regulatory authorities;

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a requirement to cease distribution or to recall batches of our product candidates; and

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in the event of approval to market and commercialize a product candidate, an inability to meet commercial demands for our products.

We, or our third-party manufacturers, may be unable to successfully scale-up manufacturing of our product candidates in sufficient quality and quantity, which would delay or prevent us from developing our product candidates and commercializing approved products, if any.

In order to conduct clinical studies of our product candidates and commercialize any approved product candidates, we, or our manufacturing partners, will need to manufacture them in large quantities. We, or our manufacturing partners, may be unable to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity for any of our product candidates in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all. In addition, quality issues may arise during scale-up activities. If we, or any manufacturing partners, are unable to successfully scale up the manufacture of our product candidates in sufficient quality and quantity, the development, testing and clinical studies of that product candidate may be delayed or infeasible, and regulatory approval or commercial launch of any resulting product may be delayed or not obtained, which could significantly harm our business. If we are unable to obtain or maintain third-party manufacturing for commercial supply of product candidates, or to do so on commercially reasonable terms, or if we are unable to develop our own manufacturing capabilities, we may not be able to develop and commercialize our product candidates successfully.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Our rights to develop and commercialize our SLTx platform technologies and product candidates are subject, in part, to the terms and conditions of licenses granted to us by others.

A significant portion of our intellectual property portfolio has been licensed from third parties, and our licensors may not always act in our best interest. If we fail to comply with our obligations under our intellectual property licenses, if the licenses are terminated, or if disputes regarding these licenses arise, we could lose significant rights that are important to our business.

We have licensed and are dependent on certain patent rights and proprietary technology from third parties that are important or necessary to the development and commercialization of our technologies and product candidates. For example, we are a party to an exclusive patent license agreement with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, pursuant to which we in-license key patents and patent applications co-owned by MIT and Boston Children’s Hospital, or BCH, covering our SLTx platform technologies and product candidates. We refer to this agreement as the MIT License. The MIT License imposes various diligence, milestone payment, royalty, insurance, and other obligations on us. If we fail to comply with these obligations, MIT may have the right to terminate our license, in which event we may not be able to develop or market our SLTx platform or any other technologies or product candidates covered by the licensed intellectual property. In addition, if we conclude that technology licensed to us under the MIT license or other agreements failed to prevent the PFO reported in a patient in our Phase 1/2 clinical trial of SIG-001, such licenses may also be less valuable to us. In the future, we may also enter into additional license agreements that are material to the development or commercialization of our product candidates, and that may impose similar obligations as in the MIT License. For example, if we are required to license additional technology in order to change the development of our SLTx platform, we may not be able to enter into such licenses with third parties on reasonable terms if at all.

These and other licenses may not provide sufficient rights to use such intellectual property, including cell lines or therapeutic protein sequences, in all relevant fields of use and in all territories in which we may wish to develop or commercialize our SLTx platform technologies and product candidates in the future. If we determine that rights to excluded fields or territories are necessary to commercialize our product candidates or maintain our competitive advantage,

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we may need to obtain additional licenses in order to continue developing, manufacturing or marketing our product candidates. We may not be able to obtain such licenses on an exclusive basis, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which could prevent us from commercializing our product candidates or allow our competitors or others the chance to access technology that is important to our business.

We do not have complete control in the preparation, filing, prosecution, maintenance, enforcement, and defense of patents and patent applications covering the technology that we license from third parties. For example, pursuant to the MIT License, MIT retains control of preparation, filing, prosecution, and maintenance. We cannot be certain that these patents and patent applications will be prepared, filed, prosecuted, and maintained in a manner consistent with the best interests of our business. Also, in certain circumstances, MIT has the right to enforce and defend the licensed patents and patent applications. It is possible that any licensor enforcement of patents against infringers or defense of patents against challenges of validity or claims of enforceability may be less vigorous than if we had conducted them ourselves, or may not be conducted in accordance with our best interests. If we or our licensors fail to prosecute, maintain, enforce, and defend such patents, or if we or our licensors lose rights to those patents or patent applications, the rights we have licensed may be reduced or eliminated, our right to develop and commercialize our product candidates that are the subject of such licensed rights could be adversely affected and we may not be able to prevent competitors from making, using, and selling competing products.

Our licensors may not be the sole and exclusive owners or may not have sole and exclusive control of the patents, patent applications and technology we in-licensed. If other third parties have rights to any of such in-licensed intellectual property, they may be able to license such intellectual property to our competitors, and our competitors could market competing products and technology. In addition, our rights to our in-licensed patents, patent applications and technology are dependent, in part, on inter-institutional or other operating agreements between the joint owners of such intellectual property. If one or more of such joint owners breaches such inter-institutional or operating agreements, our rights to such in-licensed intellectual property may be adversely affected. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.

Furthermore, inventions contained within some of our in-licensed intellectual property, including patents and patent applications licensed from MIT, were made using funding from the United States government, and, in some cases, private, non-profit organizations. We rely on our licensors to ensure compliance with applicable obligations arising from such funding, such as timely reporting of the filing of patent applications arising out of the funded research and licenses granted to such patent applications. The failure of our licensors to meet their obligations may lead to a loss of rights to the relevant licensed intellectual property or the unenforceability of relevant patents.

Also, university licensors, governments and other funding entities could have certain rights in our in-licensed patents and technology. For example, in the MIT License, MIT and BCH retain the right on behalf of themselves and all other non-profit research institutions to practice under the licensed patent rights for non-profit research, teaching and educational purposes, including sponsored research and collaborations, and the United States government retains a non-exclusive license authorizing the United States government to use the inventions or to have others use the invention on its behalf. If the United States government decides to exercise these rights, it is not required to engage us as its contractor in connection with doing so. The United States government’s rights may also permit it to disclose the funded inventions and technology to third parties and to exercise march-in rights to use or allow third parties to use the technology we have licensed that was developed using United States government funding. The United States government may also exercise its march-in rights if it determines that action is necessary because we or our licensors failed to achieve practical application of the United States government-funded technology, because action is necessary to alleviate health or safety needs, to meet requirements of federal regulations, or to give preference to United States industry. In addition, our rights in such in-licensed United States government-funded inventions may be subject to certain requirements to manufacture product candidates embodying such inventions in the United States. Any of the foregoing could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects significantly.

In the event any of our third-party licensors determine that, in spite of our efforts, we have materially breached a license agreement or have failed to meet certain obligations thereunder, it may elect to terminate the applicable license agreement or, in some cases, one or more license(s) under the applicable license agreement and such termination could result in us no longer having the ability to develop and commercialize product candidates and technology covered by that

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license agreement or license. In the event of such termination of a third-party in-license, or if the underlying patents under a third-party in-license fail to provide the intended exclusivity, competitors could have the freedom to seek regulatory approval of, and to market, products identical to ours. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.

If we fail to comply with our obligations in the agreements under which we license intellectual property rights from third parties, or these agreements are terminated, or we otherwise experience disruptions to our business relationships with our licensors, we could lose license rights that are important to our business.

We have entered into license agreements with third parties and may need to obtain additional licenses from our existing licensors and others to advance our research or allow commercialization of our product candidates. It is possible that we may be unable to obtain any additional licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all. In either event, we may be required to expend significant time and resources to redesign our technologies, product candidates, or the methods for manufacturing them or to develop or license replacement technologies, all of which may not be feasible on a technical or commercial basis. If we are unable to do so, we may be unable to develop or commercialize the affected product candidates, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects significantly. We cannot provide any assurances that third-party patents do not exist which might be enforced against our current technology, manufacturing methods, product candidates, or future methods or products resulting in either an injunction prohibiting our manufacture or future sales, or, with respect to our future sales, an obligation on our part to pay royalties and/or other forms of compensation to third parties, which could be significant.

In the MIT License, we have the first right to bring any actions against any third party for infringing on the patents we have exclusively licensed. Certain of our license agreements, including the MIT License, also require us to meet development thresholds to maintain the license, including establishing a set timeline for developing and commercializing products. In spite of our efforts, our licensors might conclude that we have materially breached our obligations under such license agreements, including as a result of delays of our development milestones, and might therefore terminate the license agreements, thereby potentially removing or limiting our ability to develop and commercialize products and technologies covered by these license agreements. If these in-licenses are terminated, or if the underlying patents fail to provide the intended exclusivity, competitors or other third parties could have the freedom to seek regulatory approval of, and to market, products identical to ours and we may be required to cease our development and commercialization of our SLTx platform technologies or product candidates. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial conditions, results of operations, and growth prospects. Disputes may arise regarding intellectual property subject to a licensing agreement, including:

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the scope of rights granted under the license agreement and other interpretation-related issues;

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the extent to which our technologies and processes infringe on intellectual property of the licensor that is not subject to the licensing agreement;

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the sublicensing of patent and other rights to third parties under our collaborative development relationships;

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our diligence obligations under the license agreement with respect to the use of the licensed technology in relation to our development and commercialization of our product candidates and what activities satisfy those diligence obligations;

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the inventorship and ownership of inventions and know-how resulting from the joint creation or use of intellectual property by our licensors and us and our partners;

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the effects of termination; and

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the priority of invention of patented technology.

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In addition, the agreements under which we currently license intellectual property or technology from third parties are complex, and certain provisions in such agreements may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology, or increase what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Moreover, if disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on commercially acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected product candidates. As a result, any termination of or disputes over our intellectual property licenses could result in the delay of our development and commercialization of our SLTx platform or other product candidates, the loss of our ability to develop and commercialize our SLTx platform or other product candidates, or our loss of other significant rights, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects. It is also possible that a third party could be granted limited licenses to some of the same technology, in certain circumstances. For more information regarding our obligations in these agreements, please see “Business—License and Collaboration Agreements.”

If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property protection for our product candidates and for our SLTx platform, or if the scope of the patent and other intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize products and technologies similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize any product candidates we may develop, and our SLTx platform may be adversely affected.

Our commercial success will depend in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property protection of our SLTx platform technologies, product candidates and other technologies, methods used to manufacture them and methods of treatment, as well as successfully defending our patent and other intellectual property rights against third-party challenges. It is difficult, complex, time consuming and costly to protect cell-based technology, including our SLTx platform technologies. For example, important individual components of our platform and our product candidates may be in the prior art and available to third parties, and we may not be able to prevent use of such components in products that would compete with our product candidates. Our ability to stop unauthorized third parties from making, using, selling, offering to sell, importing or otherwise commercializing products similar to our product candidates is dependent upon the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents or trade secrets that cover these activities.

We seek to protect our proprietary position by continuing to develop our own intellectual property and in-licensed intellectual property relating to our SLTx platform technologies and product candidates in the United States and abroad. If we or our licensors are unable to obtain or maintain patent protection with respect to our SLTx platform technologies and product candidates we may develop, or if the scope of the patent protection secured is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize products and technologies similar or identical to ours and our ability to commercialize our product candidates may be adversely affected.

The patent prosecution process is expensive, time-consuming, and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce, or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner in the United States and other important markets. In addition, we may not pursue or obtain patent protection in all relevant markets. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our research and development output in time to obtain patent protection. Although we enter into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to confidential or patentable aspects of our research and development output, such as our employees, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators, CROs, contract manufacturers, consultants, advisors, and other third parties, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose such output before a patent application is filed, thereby jeopardizing our ability to seek patent protection. In addition, our ability to obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends, in part, on whether the differences between our inventions and the prior art allow our inventions to be patentable over the prior art. Furthermore, publications of discoveries in the scientific literature often lag behind the actual discoveries, and patent applications in the United States and other jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, or in some cases not at all. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors were the first to make the inventions claimed in our owned or any licensed patents or pending patent applications, or that we or our licensors were the first to file for patent protection of such inventions.

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The patent position of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies generally is highly uncertain, involves complex legal and factual questions, and has been the subject of much litigation in recent years. The field of cell-based therapies has been the subject of extensive patenting activity. As a result, the issuance, scope, validity, enforceability, and commercial value of our patent rights are highly uncertain, and we may become involved in complex and costly litigation. Our pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued that protect our SLTx platform technologies or any of our current and future product candidates or that effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive technologies and product candidates.

Moreover, the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before the patent is issued, and the scope of a patent claim may be reinterpreted after issuance. Even if our current or future owned and in-licensed patent applications issue as patents, the patents may not issue in a form that will provide us with any meaningful protection, prevent competitors or other third parties from competing with us, or otherwise provide us with any competitive advantage. Any patents that we own or in-license may be challenged, narrowed, circumvented, or invalidated by third parties. Consequently, we do not know whether any of our SLTx platform advances and any of our current and future product candidates will be protectable or remain protected by valid and enforceable patents. Our competitors or other third parties may be able to circumvent our patents by developing similar or alternative technologies or products in a non-infringing manner.

In addition, given the amount of time required for the development, testing, and regulatory review of new product candidates, patents protecting such candidates might expire before or shortly after such candidates are commercialized. As a result, our intellectual property may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.

Our owned patent applications and in-licensed patents and patent applications and other intellectual property may be subject to priority disputes or to inventorship disputes and similar proceedings.

We or our licensors may be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators, or other third parties have an interest in our owned patent applications or in-licensed patents, patent applications, trade secrets or other intellectual property as an inventor or co-inventor. For example, we or our licensors may have inventorship disputes arise from conflicting obligations of employees, consultants or others who are involved in developing our current or any future product candidates. While it is our policy to require our employees and contractors who may be involved in the development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who in fact develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship or ownership of our owned patent applications, in-licensed patents or patent applications, trade secrets or other intellectual property. If we or our licensors are unsuccessful in defending any such claims or disputes, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or the exclusive right to use, our owned or in-licensed patents or other intellectual property that is important to our current or any future product candidates. Even if we or our licensors are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees. Any of the foregoing could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects.

We have limited foreign intellectual property rights and may not be able to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights throughout the world.

We have limited intellectual property rights outside the United States. The process for obtaining patent protection outside the United States is particularly difficult, expensive, time consuming, and complex. Thus, filing, prosecuting, and defending patents on product candidates in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States can be less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws of the United States. In addition, our intellectual property license agreements may not always include worldwide rights. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our owned and licensed inventions in all countries outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using such inventions in and into the

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United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our owned and licensed technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection, or in which our license rights are non-exclusive, to develop their own products and, further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection but where enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These products may compete with our product candidates and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets, and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biotechnology and pharmaceutical products, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products against third parties in violation of our intellectual property and proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patents and intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing, and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Moreover, the initiation of proceedings by third parties to challenge the scope or validity of our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.

Many countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, the patent owner may have limited remedies, which could materially diminish the value of such patent. If we or any of our licensors is forced to grant a license to third parties with respect to any patents relevant to our business, our competitive position may be impaired, and our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may be adversely affected.

We may not be successful in acquiring or in-licensing necessary rights to key technologies or any product candidates we may develop.

We currently have rights to intellectual property, through licenses from third parties, to identify and develop product candidates, and we may seek to in-license additional rights to key components of our SLTx platform. We may also seek to in-license rights to develop improvements to our SLTx platform or expand our product candidate pipeline. The future growth of our business may depend in part on our ability to in-license or otherwise acquire the rights to additional product candidates and technologies. Although we have succeeded in licensing technologies from third-party licensees including MIT in the past, we cannot assure you that we will be able to in-license or acquire the rights to any product candidates or technologies from third parties on acceptable terms or at all.

We may enter into agreements with third-party licensors that provide that our field of use excludes particular fields. If we determine that rights to such fields are necessary to commercialize our product candidates or maintain our competitive advantage, we may need to obtain a license from such third parties in order to continue developing, manufacturing or marketing our product candidates. We may not be able to obtain such a license on an exclusive basis, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which could prevent us from commercializing our product candidates or allow our competitors or others the chance to access technology that is important to our business.

Furthermore, there has been extensive patenting activity in the fields of engineered cell therapy and encapsulated cell therapy, and pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, and academic institutions are competing with us or are expected to compete with us in the field of cell therapy and filing patent applications potentially relevant to our business. Thus, there may be third-party patent applications, currently pending or filed in the future, that, if issued, may relate to our SLTx platform or product candidates. In order to market our product candidates, we may find it necessary or prudent to obtain licenses from such third-party intellectual property holders. However, we may be unable to secure such licenses or otherwise acquire or in-license any compositions, methods of use, processes, or other intellectual property

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rights from third parties that we identify as necessary for any of our product candidates. We may also require licenses from third parties for certain technologies related to preexisting cell therapies to be incorporated in our SLTx platform.

Additionally, we may collaborate with academic institutions to accelerate our preclinical research or development under written agreements with these institutions. In certain cases, these institutions provide us with an option to negotiate a license to any of the institution’s rights in technology resulting from the collaboration. Even if we hold such an option, we may be unable to negotiate a license from the institution within the specified timeframe or under terms that are acceptable to us. If we are unable to do so, the institution may offer the intellectual property rights to others, potentially blocking our ability to pursue our program.

In addition, the licensing or acquisition of third-party intellectual property rights is a highly competitive area, and a number of more established companies are also pursuing strategies to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights that we may consider attractive or necessary. These established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, capital resources and greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive us to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license rights to us. We also may be unable to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights on terms that would allow us to make an appropriate return on our investment or at all. If we are unable to successfully obtain rights to required third-party intellectual property rights or maintain the existing intellectual property rights we have, we may have to abandon development of the relevant program or product candidate, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries have experienced substantial litigation and other proceedings regarding intellectual property rights, and third parties may initiate legal proceedings alleging that we are infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights, the outcome of which would be uncertain and may prevent, delay or otherwise interfere with our product discovery and development efforts.

Our commercial success depends upon our ability and the ability of our collaborators and licensors to develop, manufacture, market, and sell our product candidates and use our proprietary technologies without infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property and proprietary rights of third parties. The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights as well as administrative proceedings for challenging patents, including interference, derivation, inter partes review, post grant review, and reexamination proceedings before the USPTO or oppositions and other comparable proceedings in foreign jurisdictions. We may be subject to and may in the future become party to, or threatened with, adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our SLTx platform technologies and any product candidates we may develop, including interference proceedings, post-grant review, inter partes review, and derivation proceedings before the USPTO and similar proceedings in foreign jurisdictions such as oppositions before the EPO. Numerous United States and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications that are owned by third parties exist in the fields in which we are developing our product candidates and they may assert infringement claims against us based on existing patents or patents that may be granted in the future, regardless of their merit.

As the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our SLTx platform technologies and product candidates may give rise to claims of infringement of the patent rights of others. Moreover, it is not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of therapies, products or their methods of use or manufacture. As with many technology-based products, there may be third-party patent applications that, if issued, may be construed to cover components of our SLTx platform and product candidates. There may also be third-party patents of which we are currently unaware with claims to technologies, compositions, methods of manufacture or methods of use.

Because of the large number of patents issued and patent applications filed in our fields, third parties may allege they have patent rights encompassing our product candidates, technologies or methods. Third parties may assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization and may file patent infringement claims or lawsuit against us, and if we are found to infringe such third-party patents, we may be required to pay damages, cease commercialization of the infringing technology, or obtain a license from such third parties, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

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Our ability to commercialize our product candidates in the United States and abroad may be adversely affected if we cannot obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms to relevant third-party patents that cover our product candidates or SLTx platform technologies. Even if we believe third-party intellectual property claims are without merit, there is no assurance that a court would find in our favor on questions of infringement, validity, enforceability, or priority. A court of competent jurisdiction could hold that these third-party patents are valid, enforceable, and infringed, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to commercialize our product candidates or technologies covered by the asserted third-party patents. In order to successfully challenge the validity of any such United States patent in federal court, we would need to overcome a presumption of validity. As this burden is a high one requiring us to present clear and convincing evidence as to the invalidity of any such United States. patent claims, there is no assurance that a court of competent jurisdiction would invalidate the claims of any such United States patent. If we are found to infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights, and we are unsuccessful in demonstrating that such patents are invalid or unenforceable, we could be required to obtain a license from such third party to continue developing, manufacturing, and marketing our product candidates and our technologies. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, it could be non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors and other third parties access to the same technologies licensed to us, and it could require us to make substantial licensing and royalty payments. If we are unable to obtain a necessary license to a third-party patent on commercially reasonable terms, we may be unable to commercialize our SLTx platform technology or product candidates or such commercialization efforts may be significantly delayed, which could in turn significantly harm our business. We also could be forced, including by court order, to cease developing, manufacturing, and commercializing the infringing technology or product candidates. In addition, we could be found liable for significant monetary damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent or other intellectual property right. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could have a similar material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Defense of third-party claims of infringement of misappropriation, or violation of intellectual property rights involves substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of management and employee time and resources from our business. Some third-parties may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations or could otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. There could also be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions, or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Any of the foregoing events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our future patents or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive, time consuming, and unsuccessful and could result in a finding that such patents are unenforceable or invalid.

Competitors may infringe our future patents or the patents of our licensing partners, or we may be required to defend against claims of infringement. In addition, our future patents or the patents of our licensing partners also are, and may in the future become, involved in inventorship, priority, validity or enforceability disputes. Countering or defending against such claims can be expensive and time consuming. In an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent owned or in-licensed by us is invalid or unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our owned and in-licensed patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation proceeding could put one or more of our owned or in-licensed patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly.

In patent litigation in the United States, defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity and/or unenforceability are commonplace, and there are numerous grounds upon which a third party can assert invalidity or unenforceability of a patent. Third parties may also raise similar claims before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation. These types of mechanisms include re-examination, post-grant review, inter partes review, interference proceedings, derivation proceedings, and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (e.g., opposition proceedings). These types of proceedings could result in revocation or amendment to our patents such that they no longer

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cover our product candidates. The outcome for any particular patent following legal assertions of invalidity and unenforceability is unpredictable. With respect to the validity question, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art, of which we, our licensors, our patent counsel and the patent examiner were unaware during prosecution. If a defendant were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity and/or unenforceability, or if we are otherwise unable to adequately protect our rights, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent protection on our technology and/or product candidates. Defense of these types of claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from our business.

We may choose to challenge the patentability of claims in a third party’s United States or foreign patent, regardless of whether the claims are a threat to our SLTx platform technologies or product candidates. In the United States, this may be done by requesting that the USPTO review the patent claims in re-examination, post-grant review, inter partes review, interference proceedings, derivation proceedings. There are equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (e.g., opposition proceedings). We may choose to challenge third-party patents in the EPO and other foreign patent offices. Even if successful, the costs of these opposition proceedings could be substantial, and may consume our time or other resources. If we fail to obtain a favorable result at the USPTO, EPO or other patent office then we may be exposed to litigation by a third party alleging that the patent may be infringed by our product candidates, SLTx platform technologies or other proprietary technologies.

Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions, or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing, or distribution activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their greater financial resources and more mature and developed intellectual property portfolios. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace.

Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment, and other requirements imposed by government patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.

Periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees, and various other government fees on patents and applications are due to be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies outside of the United States over the lifetime of our owned or licensed patents and applications. For our in-licensed patents and patent applications, we generally rely on our licensors, including MIT, to pay these fees due to United States and patent agencies outside of the United States. For our owned patent applications, we rely on our outside patent counsel in the United States and in foreign countries to monitor these deadlines and to pay these fees when so instructed.

The USPTO and foreign patent agencies require compliance with several procedural, documentary, fee payment, and other similar provisions during the patent application process. We depend on our licensors to take the necessary action to comply with these requirements with respect to our licensed intellectual property, and for our owned patent applications, we engage counsel and other professionals to help us comply with these requirements. While an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations, however, in which non-compliance can result in a partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Were a noncompliance event to occur, our competitors might be able to enter the market with similar or identical products or technology, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

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Changes in patent law in the United States and jurisdictions outside of the United States could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our SLTx platform technologies and product candidates.

As is the case with other biotech and pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the biopharmaceutical industry involve both technological and legal complexity, and is therefore costly, time-consuming and inherently uncertain.

Changes in either the patent laws or interpretation of the patent laws could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents. For example, in March 2013, under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, the United States transitioned from a “first to invent” to a “first-to-file” patent system. Under a “first-to-file” system, assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application generally will be entitled to a patent on an invention regardless of whether another inventor had made the invention earlier. A third party that files a patent application in the USPTO after March 2013, but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by such third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing or until issuance, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors were the first to either file any patent application related to our technologies or product candidates or invent any of the inventions claimed in our or our licensor’s patents or patent applications. The America Invents Act also includes a number of other significant changes to United States patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted, allowing third-party submission of prior art and establishing a new post-grant review system, including post-grant review, inter partes review, and derivation proceedings. Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal courts necessary to invalidate a patent claim, a third-party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidence would be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third-party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures to invalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third-party as a defendant in a district court action. The effects of these changes are currently unclear as the USPTO continues to promulgate new regulations and procedures in connection with the America Invents Act and many of the substantive changes to patent law, including the “first-to-file” provisions, only became effective in March 2013. In addition, the courts have yet to address many of these provisions and the applicability of the act and new regulations on the specific patents discussed in this filing have not been determined and would need to be reviewed. Therefore, the America Invents Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents.

In addition, recent United States Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the validity and enforceability of patents, once obtained. Depending on future actions by the United States Congress, the federal courts, and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that could weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future.

Patent terms may be inadequate to protect our competitive position on our product candidates for an adequate amount of time.

Patents have a limited lifespan. The terms of individual patents depend upon the legal term for patents in the countries in which they are granted. In most countries, including the United States, if all maintenance fees are timely paid, the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years from its earliest non-provisional filing date in the applicable country. However, the actual protection afforded by a patent varies from country to country, and depends upon many factors, including the type of patent, the scope of its coverage, the availability of regulatory-related extensions, the availability of legal remedies in a particular country and the validity and enforceability of the patent. Various extensions including patent term extension, or PTE, and patent term adjustment, or PTA, may be available, but the life of such extension, and the protection they afford, is limited. Even if patents covering our product candidates are obtained, once the patent life has expired, we may be open to competition from competitive products, including biosimilars and generics. Given the amount

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of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new product candidates, patents protecting our product candidates might expire before or shortly after we or our partners commercialize those candidates. As a result, our owned and licensed patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

In addition to seeking patents for our technologies and product candidates, we also rely on trade secret protection, as well as confidentiality agreements, non-disclosure agreements and invention assignment agreements with our employees, consultants and third-parties, to protect our know-how and other confidential and proprietary information, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable.

It is our policy to require our employees, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators, CROs, contract manufacturers, consultants, advisors, and other third parties to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of employment or consulting relationships with us. These agreements provide that all confidential information concerning our business or financial affairs developed by or made known to the individual or entity during the course of the party’s relationship with us is to be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties, except in certain specified circumstances. In the case of employees, the agreements provide that all inventions conceived by the individual, and that are related to our current or planned business or research and development or made during normal working hours, on our premises or using our equipment or proprietary information, are our exclusive property. In the case of consultants and other third-party service providers, the agreements provide us with certain rights to all inventions arising from the services. However, we cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary technologies and processes. Additionally, the assignment of intellectual property rights may not be self-executing, or the assignment agreements may be breached, and we may be forced to bring claims against third parties, or defend claims that they may bring against us, to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property. Any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets, and we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable.

In addition to contractual measures, we try to protect the confidential nature of our proprietary information through other appropriate precautions, such as physical and technological security measures. However, trade secrets and know-how can be difficult to protect. These measures may not, for example, in the case of misappropriation of a trade secret by an employee or third-party with authorized access, provide adequate protection for our proprietary information. Our security measures may not prevent an employee or consultant from misappropriating our trade secrets and providing them to a competitor, and any recourse we might take against this type of misconduct may not provide an adequate remedy to protect our interests fully. In addition, our trade secrets may be independently developed by others in a manner that could prevent us from receiving legal recourse. If any of our confidential or proprietary information, such as our trade secrets, were to be disclosed or misappropriated, or if any of that information was independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position could be harmed.

In addition, some courts inside and outside the United States are sometimes less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. If we choose to go to court to stop a third-party from using any of our trade secrets, we may incur substantial costs. Even if we are successful, these types of lawsuits may consume our time and other resources. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Third parties may assert that our employees, consultants, or advisors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information or misappropriated trade secrets.

As is common in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, we employ individuals that are currently or were previously employed at universities, research institutions or other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants, and advisors do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or

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these individuals have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such individual’s current or former employer. We may then have to pursue litigation to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments, and, if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, that perception could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. This type of litigation or proceeding could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce our resources available for development activities, and we may not have sufficient financial or other resources to adequately conduct this type of litigation or proceedings. For example, some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of this type of litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater financial resources. In any case, uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of intellectual property litigation or other intellectual property related proceedings could adversely affect our ability to compete in the marketplace.

If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest and our business may be adversely affected.

Our registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names may be challenged, infringed, circumvented or declared generic or determined to be infringing on other marks. We may not be able to protect our rights to these trademarks and trade names, which we need to build name recognition among potential partners in our markets of interest. At times, competitors or other third parties may adopt trade names or trademarks similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to market confusion. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement claims brought by owners of other registered trademarks or trademarks that incorporate variations of our registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively and our business may be adversely affected. Our efforts to enforce or protect our proprietary rights related to trademarks, trade secrets, domain names, copyrights or other intellectual property may be ineffective and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats.

The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations and may not adequately protect our business or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. For example:

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any of our current and future product candidates, if approved, will eventually become commercially available in generic or biosimilar product forms;

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others may be able to make cell therapy products that are similar to any of our current and future product candidates or utilize similar cell therapy technology but that are not covered by the claims of the patents that we license or may own in the future;

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we, or our licensors or current or future collaborators, might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the issued patent or pending patent application that we license or may own in the future;

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we, or our licensors or current or future collaborators, might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of our or their inventions;

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we, or our licensors or current or future collaborators, may fail to meet our obligations to the United States government regarding any in-licensed patents and patent applications funded by United States government grants, leading to the loss or unenforceability of patent rights;

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others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our owned or licensed intellectual property rights;

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it is possible that our pending, owned or licensed patent applications or those that we may own or license in the future will not lead to issued patents;

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it is possible that there are prior public disclosures that could invalidate our owned or in-licensed patents, or parts of our owned or in-licensed patents;

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it is possible that there are unpublished applications or patent applications maintained in secrecy that may later issue with claims covering our product candidates or technology similar to ours;

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it is possible that our owned or in-licensed patents or patent applications omit individual(s) that should be listed as inventor(s) or include individual(s) that should not be listed as inventor(s), which may cause these patents or patents issuing from these patent applications to be held invalid or unenforceable;

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issued patents that we hold rights to may be held invalid, unenforceable, or narrowed in scope, including as a result of legal challenges by our competitors;

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the claims of our owned or in-licensed issued patents or patent applications, if and when issued, may not cover our product candidates;

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the laws of foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of our licensors or current or future collaborators to the same extent as the laws of the United States;

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the inventors of our owned or in-licensed patents or patent applications may become involved with competitors, develop products or processes that design around our patents, or become hostile to us or the patents or patent applications on which they are named as inventors;

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our competitors might conduct research and development activities in countries where we do not have patent rights and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets;

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we have engaged in scientific collaborations in the past and will continue to do so in the future and our collaborators may develop adjacent or competing products that are outside the scope of our patents;

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we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;

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any product candidates we develop may be covered by third parties’ patents or other exclusive rights;

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the patents of others may harm our business; or

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we may choose not to file a patent in order to maintain certain trade secrets or know-how, and a third-party may subsequently file a patent covering such intellectual property.

Should any of these events occur, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

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Risks Related to Regulatory and Compliance Matters

Our relationships with healthcare providers, physicians, and third-party payors will be subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse, anti-bribery and other healthcare laws and regulations, which could expose us to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, contractual damages, reputational harm, and diminished profits and future earnings.

Our operations and arrangements with third-party payors and customers may expose us to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations that may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we market, sell, and distribute our medicines for which we obtain marketing approval. Restrictions under applicable federal and state healthcare laws and regulations, many of which will apply only if and when we market a product, include the following:

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federal false claims, false statements and civil monetary penalties laws prohibiting, among other things, any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment of government funds or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement to get a false claim paid;

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the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from offering, soliciting, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual, or the purchasing or ordering of, a good or service for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal civil False Claims Act;

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the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which, in addition to privacy protections applicable to healthcare providers and other entities, prohibits executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation;

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the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the FDCA, which among other things, strictly regulates pharmaceutical marketing, prohibits manufacturers from marketing such products for off-label use and regulates the distribution of samples;

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federal laws that require pharmaceutical manufacturers to report certain calculated product prices to the government or provide certain discounts or rebates to government authorities or private entities, often as a condition of reimbursement under government healthcare programs;

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the so-called “federal sunshine” law under the Affordable Care Act, which requires pharmaceutical companies to monitor and report certain financial interactions with certain healthcare providers as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services within the United States Department of Health and Human Services for re-disclosure to the public; and

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analogous state and foreign laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback, anti-bribery and false claims laws, which may apply to healthcare items or services that are reimbursed by non-governmental third-party payors, including private insurers.

Some state laws also require pharmaceutical companies to comply with specific compliance standards, restrict financial interactions between pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers, require pharmaceutical companies to report information related to payments to health care providers or marketing expenditures, or require pharmaceutical companies to report certain pricing information.

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Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements with third parties will comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations will involve substantial costs. Given the breadth of the laws and regulations, limited guidance for certain laws and regulations and evolving government interpretations of the laws and regulations, governmental authorities may possibly conclude that our business practices may not comply with healthcare laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other government regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from participation in government health care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, imprisonment, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

When carrying out any activity or inducement within the U.K. or EU designed to promote the prescription, supply, sale or consumption of medicinal products to persons qualified to prescribe or supply them (including, for example, physicians), no gifts, pecuniary advantages or benefits in kind may be supplied, offered or promised to such persons unless they are inexpensive and relevant to the practice of medicine or pharmacy. The provision of benefits or advantages to such individuals more generally is also governed by the national anti-bribery laws of the U.K. and the EU member states, such as the U.K. Bribery Act 2010. Infringement of these laws could result in substantial fines and imprisonment, or in being excluded from public tenders for our products.

Payments made by biopharmaceutical companies to healthcare organizations, healthcare professionals (including physicians) and patient organizations in the U.K. and EU are required to be publicly disclosed. Direct and indirect payments and transfers of value are caught, including donations, grants, sponsorships, hospitality, fees for research and development, consultancy services and gifts. Moreover, in some EU Members States, agreements with physicians often must be the subject of prior notification and approval by the physician’s employer, his or her competent professional organization, and/or the relevant regulatory authorities. These requirements are provided in the national laws, industry codes, or professional codes of conduct applicable in the U.K. and EU member states. Failure to comply with these requirements could result in reputational risk, public reprimands, administrative penalties, fines or imprisonment.

Healthcare and other reform legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us and any collaborators we may have to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our product candidates and affect the prices we, or they, may obtain.

In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been and continue to be ongoing efforts to implement legislative and regulatory changes regarding the healthcare system. Such changes could prevent or delay marketing approval of any product candidates that we may develop, restrict or regulate post-approval activities, and affect our ability to profitably sell any product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval. Although we cannot predict what healthcare or other reform efforts will be successful, such efforts may result in more rigorous coverage criteria, in additional downward pressure on the price that we, or our future collaborators, may receive for any approved products or in other consequences that may adversely affect our ability to achieve or maintain profitability.

In the United States, the federal government and individual states have aggressively pursued healthcare reform, as evidenced by the passing of the Affordable Care Act and the ongoing efforts to modify or repeal that legislation. The Affordable Care Act substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers and contains a number of provisions that affect coverage and reimbursement of drug products and/or that could potentially reduce the demand for pharmaceutical products such as increasing drug rebates under state Medicaid programs for brand name prescription drugs and extending those rebates to Medicaid managed care and assessing a fee on manufacturers and importers of brand name prescription drugs reimbursed under certain government programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. The Affordable Care Act has been subject to modification and additional modifications may occur. There are, and may continue to be, judicial challenges. Other health care reform efforts beyond the Affordable Care Act, including efforts related to drug coverage and pricing, have been ongoing and a number of reforms have been enacted under the Biden Administration. We cannot predict the ultimate content, timing or effect of any federal and state reform efforts. There is no assurance that federal or state health care reform will not adversely affect our future business and financial results, and we cannot predict how future federal or state legislative, judicial or administrative changes relating to healthcare reform will affect our business.

Federal and state governments have shown significant interest in implementing cost-containment programs to limit the growth of government-paid healthcare costs, including price controls, waivers from Medicaid drug rebate law

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requirements, restrictions on reimbursement and requirements for substitution of generic products for branded prescription drugs. The private sector has also sought to control healthcare costs by limiting coverage or reimbursement or requiring discounts and rebates on products. We are unable to predict what additional legislation, regulations or policies, if any, relating to the healthcare industry or third-party coverage and reimbursement may be enacted in the future or what effect such legislation, regulations or policies would have on our business. Any cost containment measures could significantly decrease the available coverage and the price we might establish for our products, which would have an adverse effect on our net revenues and operating results.

Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for biotechnology products. We cannot be sure whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations for biological products will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of our product candidates, if any, may be. In addition, increased scrutiny by the United States Congress of the FDA’s approval and decision-making processes may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements.

We intend to seek orphan drug designation for our product candidates, but any orphan drug designations we receive may not confer marketing exclusivity or other expected benefits.

We may not be able to obtain orphan drug designation or similar designations in other jurisdictions for our product candidates, and previously granted orphan drug designations may be revoked. Any product candidates we may develop for prevalent diseases, such as diabetes, will not be eligible to receive orphan drug designation.

Even if we obtain United States orphan drug exclusivity for a product candidate, that exclusivity may not effectively protect the product candidate from competition because different product candidates can be approved for the same condition. In addition, even after an orphan drug is approved, the FDA can subsequently approve the same product candidate for the same condition if the FDA concludes that the later product candidate is clinically superior in that it is shown to be safer, more effective or makes a major contribution to patient care compared with the product that has orphan exclusivity. The EU has its own criteria for designation as an orphan medicine but, as in the United States, orphan market exclusivity may not apply to the extent any further applicant can establish that its medicinal product is safer, more effective or otherwise clinically superior. Orphan drug exclusivity in the United States or the EU may also be lost if the FDA or EMA, respectively, determines that the request for designation was materially defective or if the manufacturer is unable to assure sufficient quantity of the product to meet the needs of the patients with the rare disease or condition.

On August 3, 2017, the Congress passed the FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017, or FDARA. FDARA, among other things, codified the FDA’s pre-existing regulatory interpretation, to require that a drug sponsor demonstrate the clinical superiority of an orphan drug that is otherwise the same as a previously approved drug for the same rare disease in order to receive orphan drug exclusivity. The new legislation reverses prior precedent holding that the Orphan Drug Act unambiguously requires that the FDA recognize the orphan exclusivity period regardless of a showing of clinical superiority. The FDA may further reevaluate the Orphan Drug Act and its regulations and policies. We do not know if, when, or how the FDA may change the orphan drug regulations and policies in the future, and it is uncertain how any changes might affect our business. Depending on what changes the FDA may make to its orphan drug regulations and policies, our business could be adversely impacted.

Our employees, principal investigators, consultants, and commercial partners may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements and insider trading.

We are exposed to the risk of fraud or other misconduct by our employees, consultants, and commercial partners, and, if we commence clinical trials, our principal investigators. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional failures to comply with FDA regulations or the regulations applicable in the EU, the United Kingdom and other jurisdictions, provide accurate information to the FDA, the EMA, the United Kingdom and other regulatory authorities, comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations in the United States and abroad, report financial information or data accurately, or disclose unauthorized activities to us. In particular, sales, marketing, and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, misconduct, kickbacks,

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self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, customer incentive programs, and other business arrangements. Such misconduct also could involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical trials or interactions with the FDA, the EMA, the MHRA or other regulatory authorities, which could result in regulatory sanctions and cause serious harm to our reputation. It is not always possible to identify and deter employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from government investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects, including the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions.

Laws and regulations governing any international operations we may have in the future may preclude us from developing, manufacturing and selling certain product candidates outside of the United States and require us to develop and implement costly compliance programs.

We are subject to numerous laws and regulations in each jurisdiction outside the United States in which we operate. The creation, implementation and maintenance of international business practices compliance programs is costly and such programs are difficult to enforce, particularly where reliance on third parties is required.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, prohibits any United States individual or business from paying, offering, authorizing payment or offering of anything of value, directly or indirectly, to any foreign official, political party or candidate for the purpose of influencing any act or decision of the foreign entity in order to assist the individual or business in obtaining or retaining business. The FCPA also obligates companies whose securities are listed in the United States to comply with certain accounting provisions requiring the company to maintain books and records that accurately and fairly reflect all transactions of the corporation, including international subsidiaries, and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls for international operations. The anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA are enforced primarily by the Department of Justice. The SEC is involved with enforcement of the books and records provisions of the FCPA.

Similarly, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 has extra-territorial effect for companies and individuals having a connection with the United Kingdom. The U.K. Bribery Act prohibits inducements both to public officials and private individuals and organizations. Compliance with the FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act is expensive and difficult, particularly in countries in which corruption is a recognized problem. In addition, the FCPA presents particular challenges in the pharmaceutical industry, because, in many countries, hospitals are operated by the government, and doctors and other hospital employees are considered foreign officials. Certain payments to hospitals in connection with clinical trials and other work have been deemed to be improper payments to government officials and have led to FCPA enforcement actions.

Various laws, regulations and executive orders also restrict the use and dissemination outside of the United States, or the sharing with certain non-United States nationals, of information classified for national security purposes, as well as certain products and technical data relating to those products. If we expand our business outside of the United States, we will be required to dedicate additional resources to comply with these laws, and these laws may preclude us from developing, manufacturing, or selling certain products and product candidates outside of the United States, which could limit our growth potential and increase our development costs. The failure to comply with laws governing international business practices may result in substantial penalties, including suspension or debarment from government contracting. Violation of the FCPA can result in significant civil and criminal penalties. Indictment alone under the FCPA can lead to suspension of the right to do business with the United States government until the pending claims are resolved. Conviction of a violation of the FCPA can result in long-term disqualification as a government contractor. The termination of a government contract or relationship as a result of our failure to satisfy any of our obligations under laws governing international business practices would have a negative impact on our operations and harm our reputation and ability to procure government contracts. The SEC also may suspend or bar issuers from trading securities on United States exchanges for violations of the FCPA’s accounting provisions.

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We are subject to stringent privacy laws, information security laws, regulations, policies and contractual obligations related to data privacy and security and changes in such laws, regulations, policies and contractual obligations could adversely affect our business.

We are subject to data privacy and protection laws and regulations that apply to the collection, transmission, storage and use of personally-identifying information, which among other things, impose certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of personal information, including comprehensive regulatory systems in the United States and EU. The legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection continues to evolve in jurisdictions worldwide, and there has been an increasing focus on privacy and data protection issues with the potential to affect our business. We cannot be sure how these evolving laws and regulations will be interpreted, enforced or applied to our operations. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could result in contractual liabilities as well as enforcement action against us. As a result, we could be subject to fines, claims for damages by affected individuals, negative publicity, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Even if we are not determined to have violated these laws, government investigations into these issues typically require the expenditure of significant resources and generate negative publicity, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Applicable privacy laws and court decisions in the EU could also impact our ability to transfer personal data internationally.

Within the United States, there are numerous federal and state laws and regulations related to the privacy and security of personal information. In particular, regulations promulgated pursuant to HIPAA establish privacy and security standards that limit the use and disclosure of personally identifiable health information, or protected health information, and require the implementation of administrative, physical and technological safeguards to protect the privacy of protected health information and ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic protected health information. Determining whether protected information has been handled in compliance with the various applicable requirements and our contractual obligations can be complex and may be subject to changing interpretation.

Additionally, the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, became effective on January 1, 2020 with enforcement beginning July 1, 2020. The CCPA imposes stringent data privacy and data protection requirements for the data of California residents. Among other things, it requires covered companies to provide disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers data protection rights, including the ability to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal data that may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. The effects of this legislation are potentially far-reaching and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply.

Any data we may collect from patients enrolled in future clinical trials in the United Kingdom or the EU will be, subject to the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which went into effect in May 2018 and which imposes obligations on companies that operate in our industry with respect to the processing of personal data and the cross border transfer of such data. The GDPR imposes onerous accountability obligations requiring data controllers and processors to maintain a record of their data processing and policies. If our or our partners’ or service providers’ privacy or data security measures fail to comply with the GDPR requirements, we may be subject to litigation, regulatory investigations, enforcement notices requiring us to change the way we use personal data and/or fines of up to 20 million Euros or up to 4% of the total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year, whichever is higher, as well as compensation claims by affected individuals, negative publicity, reputational harm and a potential loss of business and goodwill. Additionally, on July 16, 2020 the CJEU, Europe’s highest court, held in the Schrems II case that the EU US Privacy Shield, a mechanism for the transfer of personal data from the EU to the United States, was invalid. The impact of this decision on the ability to lawfully transfer personal information from the EU to the United States, has led to increased scrutiny on data transfers from the European Economic Area to the United States generally and may increase our costs of compliance with data privacy legislation.

Data privacy regulations and data privacy remain an evolving landscape at both the domestic and international level, with new regulations coming into effect, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, and continued legal challenges, and our efforts to comply with the evolving data protection rules may be unsuccessful. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. We must devote significant

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resources to understanding and complying with this changing landscape and such changes may require ongoing modifications to our policies, procedures and systems.

Risks Related to Employee and Operations Matters and Information Technology

Our future success depends on our ability to retain our Chief Executive Officer and other key executives and to attract, retain, and motivate qualified personnel.

We are highly dependent on Dr. Rogerio Vivaldi Coelho, our Chief Executive Officer, as well as the other principal members of our management and scientific teams. Dr. Vivaldi and such other principal members are employed “at will,” meaning we or they may terminate the employment at any time. We do not maintain “key person” insurance for any of our executives or other employees. The loss of the services of any of these persons could impede the achievement of our research, development, and commercialization objectives.

Recruiting and retaining qualified scientific, clinical, manufacturing, business development, general and administrative and sales and marketing personnel will also be critical to our success. We may not be able to attract and retain personnel on acceptable terms given the competition among numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for similar personnel and recently observed increases in employee attrition and turnover in our industry. We also experience competition for the hiring of scientific and clinical personnel from universities and research institutions. In addition, challenges or the failure to succeed in preclinical or clinical trials or applications for marketing approval, may make it more challenging to recruit and retain qualified personnel. In addition, we rely on consultants and advisors, including scientific and clinical advisors, to assist us in formulating our research and development and commercialization strategy. Our consultants and advisors, including our scientific co-founders, may be employed by employers other than us and may have commitments under consulting or advisory contracts with other entities that may limit their availability to us. The inability to recruit, or loss of services of certain executives, key employees, consultants, or advisors, may impede the progress of our research, development, and commercialization objectives and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Our internal computer systems, or those of our third-party vendors, collaborators or other contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches, which could result in a material disruption of our product development programs, compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information, potentially exposing us to liability or otherwise adversely affecting our business.

Our internal computer systems and those of our current and any future third-party vendors, collaborators and other contractors or consultants are vulnerable to damage, interruption or data theft from computer viruses, computer hackers, malicious code, employee theft or misuse, ransomware, social engineering (including phishing attacks), denial-of-service attacks, sophisticated nation-state and nation-state-supported actors, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Cybersecurity incidents, which may not be immediately or ever detected, are increasing in frequency and evolving in nature.

System failure, accident and security breach, could cause interruptions in our operations, or result in a disruption of our development programs and our business operations, whether due to a loss of our trade secrets or other proprietary information or other disruptions. For example, the loss of clinical trial data from future clinical trials could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. If we were to experience a significant cybersecurity breach of our information systems or data, the costs associated with the investigation, remediation and potential notification of the breach to counter-parties and data subjects could be material. In addition, our remediation efforts may not be successful. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain the proper technology and cybersecurity infrastructure, we could suffer significant business disruption, including transaction errors, supply chain or manufacturing interruptions, processing inefficiencies, data loss or the loss of or damage to intellectual property or other proprietary information.

To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, our or our third-party vendors’, collaborators’ or other contractors’ or consultants’ data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability including litigation exposure, penalties and fines, we could

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become the subject of regulatory action or investigation, our competitive position could be harmed and the further development and commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed. Any of the above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. While we maintain cyber-liability insurance (covering security and privacy matters), such insurance may not be adequate to cover any losses experienced as a result of a cybersecurity incident.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile, which could result in substantial losses for investors.

Our share price has been and may continue to be volatile. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include:

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the success of existing or new competitive product candidates or technologies;

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the timing and results of preclinical studies for any product candidates that we may develop;

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failure or discontinuation of any of our product development and research programs;

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results of preclinical studies, clinical trials, or regulatory approvals of product candidates of our competitors, or announcements about new research programs or product candidates of our competitors;

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developments or changing views regarding the use of engineered cell therapy and encapsulated cell therapy;

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commencement or termination of collaborations for our product development and research programs;

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regulatory or legal developments in the United States and other countries;

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developments or disputes concerning patent applications, issued patents, or other proprietary rights;

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the recruitment or departure of key personnel;

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the level of expenses related to any of our research programs, clinical development programs, or product candidates that we may develop;

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the results of our efforts to develop additional product candidates or products;

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actual or anticipated changes in estimates as to financial results, development timelines, or recommendations by securities analysts;

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announcement or expectation of additional financing efforts;

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sales of our common stock by us, our insiders or other stockholders;

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variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;

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changes in estimates or recommendations by securities analysts, if any, that cover our stock;

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market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors;

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general economic, industry, and market conditions, including due to the impacts of inflation; and

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the other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section.

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In recent years, the stock market in general, and the market for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to changes in the operating performance of the companies whose stock is experiencing those price and volume fluctuations. The uncertain nature, magnitude and duration of hostilities stemming from the conflict in Ukraine, including the potential effects of sanctions limitations, retaliatory cyber-attacks on the world economy and markets, have contributed to increased market volatility and uncertainty. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our stock. Following periods of such volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. Because of the potential volatility of our stock price, we may become the target of securities litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources from our business.

Insiders have substantial influence over us, which could limit your ability to affect the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

As of June 30, 2023, our directors and executive officers and their affiliates beneficially owned shares representing approximately 40.6% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders, if they act together, are able to influence our management and affairs and all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company and might affect the market price of our common stock.

If we fail to establish and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our operating results and our ability to operate our business could be harmed.

Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time consuming effort that needs to be reevaluated frequently. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controls may distract our officers and employees, entail substantial costs to modify our existing processes and take significant time to complete. These changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy, or consequent inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, could increase our operating costs and harm our business.

Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 until we are no longer an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operated. However, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires management to furnish a report on our internal control over financial reporting. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants, adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing whether such controls are functioning as documented, and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting.

If either we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting or, at the appropriate time, our independent auditors are unwilling or unable to provide us with an unqualified report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as required by Section 404, investors may lose confidence in our operating results, the price of our common stock could decline and we may be subject to litigation or regulatory enforcement actions.

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We are an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company,” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and may remain an emerging growth company for up to five years following our initial public offering. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and plan to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, the information we provide stockholders is different than the information that is available with respect to other public companies. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock, and our stock price may be more volatile.

In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to not to “opt out” of the extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we may adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.

Further, even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. In addition, if we are a smaller reporting company, we would not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These exemptions and reduced disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a smaller reporting company may make it harder for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock prices may be more volatile.

We do not expect to pay any dividends for the foreseeable future.

You should not rely on an investment in our common stock to provide dividend income. We do not anticipate that we will pay any dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Instead, we plan to retain any earnings to maintain and expand our existing operations. In addition, any future credit facility may contain terms prohibiting or limiting the amount of dividends that may be declared or paid on our common stock. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any return on their investment. As a result, investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.

Our future ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

We have incurred substantial losses during our history, and we may never achieve profitability. To the extent that we continue to generate taxable losses, unused losses will carry forward to offset a portion of future taxable income, if any, subject to expiration of such carryforwards in the case of carryforwards generated prior to 2018. Additionally, we continue to generate business tax credits, including research and development tax credits, which generally may be carried forward to offset a portion of future taxable income, if any, subject to expiration of such credit carryforwards. Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, and other pre-change tax attributes (such as research and development tax credits) to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited. Our prior equity offerings and other changes in our stock ownership have resulted in such ownership changes. We may experience additional ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in our stock ownership, some of which are outside of our control. As a result, if we earn net

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taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change NOLs or other pre-change tax attributes to offset United States federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us. Additionally, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the deductibility of such United States federal net operating losses is limited to 80% of our taxable income in any future taxable year. There is a risk that due to legislative changes, regulatory changes, or other unforeseen reasons, our existing NOLs or business tax credits could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities. At the state level, there may also be periods during which the use of NOLs or business tax credits is suspended or otherwise limited, which could accelerate or permanently increase state taxes owed. For these reasons, we may not be able to realize a tax benefit from the use of our NOLs or tax credits, even if we attain profitability.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated by-laws and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage an acquisition of us by others, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders, and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated by-laws and Delaware law contain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of us or changes in our management that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws include provisions that:

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authorize “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by our board of directors without stockholder approval and may contain voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock;

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create a classified board of directors whose members serve staggered three-year terms;

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specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors;

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prohibit stockholder action by written consent;

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establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder approvals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors;

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provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum;

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provide that our directors may be removed for cause only;

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specify that no stockholder is permitted to cumulate votes at any election of directors;

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expressly authorized our board of directors to modify, alter or repeal our amended and restated by-laws; and

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require supermajority votes of the holders of our common stock to amend specified provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws.

These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock.

In addition, because we are incorporated in the State of Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

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Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated by-laws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the state or federal courts within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to limited exceptions, the state or federal courts within the State of Delaware are exclusive forums for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated by-laws, (4) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws or (5) any other action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; provided that, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or to any claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the United States federal district courts shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any claims arising under the Securities Act. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation described above. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees.

Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of the directors or executive officers of the Company adopted, terminated or materially modified a trading plan intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1 or a trading plan not intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1.

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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit number	Description of document
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 28, 2023, among Eli Lilly and Company, Shenandoah Acquisition Corporation and Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 29, 2023)

3.1	Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 8, 2020)

3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 22, 2023)

3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 8, 2020)

3.4	Third Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, by and among Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. and the investors party thereto, dated as of October 23, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-250070))

10.1*	Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended on May 23, 2023

10.2*	Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended on May 23, 2023

10.3*	Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended on May 23, 2023

10.4*	Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy, as amended on May 23, 2023

31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.

101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith

++	Portions of this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been redacted because they are both not material and the registrant customarily and actually treats such information as private or confidential.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	SIGILON THERAPEUTICS, INC.
	By:	/s/ Rogerio Vivaldi Coelho, M.D.
		Rogerio Vivaldi Coelho, M.D.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
	Date:	August 7, 2023


	By:	/s/ Josias Pontes
		Josias Pontes
		Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
	Date:	August 7, 2023

Exhibit 10.1

As amended as of September 12, 2019

As amended as of May 23, 2023

SIGILON THERAPEUTICS, INC.

2016 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

1.DEFINED TERMS

Exhibit A, which is incorporated by reference, defines the terms used in the Plan and sets forth certain operational rules related to those terms.

2.PURPOSE

The Plan has been established to advance the interests of the Company by providing for the grant to Participants of Stock-based and other incentive Awards.

3.ADMINISTRATION

The Administrator has discretionary authority, subject only to the express provisions of the Plan, to interpret the Plan; determine eligibility for and grant Awards; determine, modify or waive the terms and conditions of any Award; prescribe forms, rules and procedures; and otherwise do all things necessary to carry out the purposes of the Plan. Determinations of the Administrator made under the Plan will be conclusive and will bind all parties.

4.LIMITS ON AWARDS UNDER THE PLAN

(a)Number of Shares. The maximum number of shares of Stock that may be delivered in satisfaction of Awards under the Plan shall be 386,324 shares of Stock. The number of shares of Stock delivered in satisfaction of Awards, for purposes of the preceding sentence, will be determined net of shares of Stock withheld by the Company in payment of the exercise price of the Award or in satisfaction of tax withholding requirements with respect to the Award and, for the avoidance of doubt, without including any shares of Stock underlying Awards that are settled in cash, that otherwise expire or become unexercisable without having been exercised, or that are forfeited to or repurchased by the Company for cash. To the extent consistent with the requirements of Section 422, Stock issued under awards of an acquired company that are converted, replaced or adjusted in connection with the acquisition will not reduce the number of shares available for Awards under the Plan.

(b)Type of Shares. Stock delivered by the Company under the Plan may be authorized but unissued Stock or previously issued Stock acquired by the Company. No fractional shares of Stock will be delivered under the Plan.

5.ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION

The Administrator will select Participants from among those key Employees and directors of, and consultants and advisors to, the Company and its subsidiaries who, in the

opinion of the Administrator, are in a position to make a significant contribution to the success of the Company and its subsidiaries. Eligibility for ISOs is limited to employees of the Company or of a “parent corporation” or “subsidiary corporation” of the Company as those terms are defined in Section 424 of the Code. Eligibility for Stock Options other than ISOs is limited to individuals described in the first sentence of this Section 5 who are providing direct services on the date of grant of the Stock Option to the Company or to a subsidiary of the Company that would be described in the first sentence of Treas. Regs. §1.409A-1(b)(5)(iii)(E).

6.RULES APPLICABLE TO AWARDS

(a)All Awards.

(1) Award Provisions. The Administrator will determine the terms of all Awards, subject to the limitations provided herein. By accepting (or, under such rules as the Administrator may prescribe, being deemed to have accepted) an Award, the Participant shall be deemed to have agreed to the terms of the Award and the Plan. Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan to the contrary, awards of an acquired company that are converted, replaced or adjusted in connection with the acquisition may contain terms and conditions that are inconsistent with the terms and conditions specified herein, as determined by the Administrator.

(2) Term of Plan. No Awards may be made after the date immediately preceding the tenth anniversary of the Date of Adoption, but previously granted Awards may continue beyond that date in accordance with their terms.

(3) Transferability. Neither ISOs nor, except as the Administrator otherwise expressly provides in accordance with the second sentence of this Section 6(a)(3), other Awards may be transferred other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and during a Participant’s lifetime ISOs (and, except as the Administrator otherwise expressly provides in accordance with the second sentence of this Section 6(a)(3), other Awards requiring exercise) may be exercised only by the Participant. The Administrator may permit Awards other than ISOs to be transferred by gift, subject to the terms of the Stockholders Agreement, to the extent applicable, and such other limitations as the Administrator may impose.

(4) Vesting, etc. The Administrator may determine the time or times at which an Award will vest or become exercisable and the terms on which an Award requiring exercise will remain exercisable. Without limiting the foregoing, the Administrator may at any time accelerate the vesting or exercisability of an Award, regardless of any adverse or potentially adverse tax or other consequences resulting from such acceleration. Unless the Administrator expressly provides otherwise, however, the following rules will apply if a Participant’s Employment ceases:

(A) Immediately upon the cessation of the Participant’s Employment, each Award requiring exercise that is then held by the Participant or by the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, will cease to be exercisable and will terminate, except to the extent otherwise provided in (B), (C), or (D) below, and all other Awards that are then held by the Participant or by the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, to the extent not already vested will be forfeited.

(B) Subject to (C), (D), and (E) below, all Stock Options and SARs held by the Participant or the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, immediately prior to the cessation of the Participant’s Employment, to the extent then exercisable, will remain exercisable for the lesser of (i) a period of 90 days or (ii) the period ending on the latest date on which such Stock Option or SAR could have been exercised without regard to this Section 6(a)(4), and will thereupon immediately terminate.

(C) All Stock Options and SARs held by a Participant or the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, immediately prior to the Participant’s death, to the extent then exercisable, will remain exercisable for the lesser of (i) the one year period ending with the first anniversary of the Participant’s death, or (ii) the period ending on the latest date on which such Stock Option or SAR could have been exercised without regard to this Section 6(a)(4), and will thereupon immediately terminate.

(D) All Stock Options and SARs held by a Participant or the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, immediately prior to termination of Employment by reason of the Participant’s Disability, to the extent then exercisable, will remain exercisable for the lesser of (i) the one year period ending with the first anniversary of the termination of the Participant’s Employment as a result of such Disability, or (ii) the period ending on the latest date on which such Stock Option or SAR could have been exercised without regard to this Section 6(a)(4), and will thereupon immediately terminate.

(E) All Stock Options and SARs (whether or not vested) held by a Participant or the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, immediately prior to the cessation of the Participant’s Employment will immediately terminate upon such cessation if the Administrator in its sole discretion determines that such cessation of Employment has resulted in connection with an act or failure to act constituting Cause (or such Participant’s Employment could have been terminated for Cause (without regard to the lapsing of any required notice or cure periods in connection therewith) at the time such Participant terminated Employment).

(5) Competing Activity. The Administrator may cancel, rescind, withhold or otherwise limit or restrict any Award at any time if the Participant is not in compliance with all applicable provisions of the Award agreement and the Plan, or if the Participant breaches any agreement with the Company or its Affiliates with respect to non-competition, non-solicitation or confidentiality.

(6) Taxes. The delivery, vesting and retention of Stock under an Award are conditioned upon full satisfaction by the Participant of all tax withholding requirements with respect to the Award. The Administrator will prescribe such rules for the withholding of taxes as it deems necessary. The Administrator may, but need not, hold back shares of Stock from an Award or permit a Participant to tender previously owned shares of Stock in satisfaction of tax withholding requirements (but not in excess of the minimum withholding required by law).

(7) Dividend Equivalents, etc. The Administrator may provide for the payment of amounts (on terms and subject to conditions established by the Administrator) in lieu of cash dividends or other cash distributions with respect to Stock subject to an Award whether or not

the holder of such Award is otherwise entitled to share in the actual dividend or distribution in respect of such Award. Any entitlement to dividend equivalents or similar entitlements shall be established and administered either consistent with an exemption from, or in compliance with, the requirements of Section 409A. In addition, any amounts payable in respect of Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units may be subject to such limits or restrictions as the Administrator may impose.

(8) Rights Limited. Nothing in the Plan will be construed as giving any person the right to continued employment or service with the Company or its Affiliates, or any rights as a stockholder except as to shares of Stock actually issued under the Plan. The loss of existing or potential profit in Awards will not constitute an element of damages in the event of termination of Employment for any reason, even if the termination is in violation of an obligation of the Company or any Affiliate to the Participant.

(9) Coordination with Other Plans. Awards under the Plan may be granted in tandem with, or in satisfaction of or substitution for, other Awards under the Plan or awards made under other compensatory plans or programs of the Company or its subsidiaries. For example, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, awards under other compensatory plans or programs of the Company or its subsidiaries may be settled in Stock (including, without limitation, Unrestricted Stock) if the Administrator so determines, in which case the shares delivered will be treated as awarded under the Plan (and will reduce the number of shares thereafter available under the Plan in accordance with the rules set forth in Section 4).

(10) Section 409A. Each Award may contain such terms as the Administrator determines, and shall be construed and administered, such that the Award either (i) qualifies for an exemption from the requirements of Section 409A, or (ii) satisfies such requirements.

(11) Certain Requirements of Corporate Law. Awards shall be granted and administered consistent with the requirements of applicable Delaware law relating to the issuance of stock and the consideration to be received therefor, and with the applicable requirements of the stock exchanges or other trading systems on which the Stock is listed or entered for trading, in each case as determined by the Administrator.

(12) Fair Market Value. In determining the fair market value of any share of Stock under the Plan, the Administrator shall make the determination in good faith consistent with the rules of Section 422 and Section 409A to the extent applicable.

(13) Stockholders Agreement. Unless otherwise specifically provided, all Awards issued under the Plan and all Stock issued thereunder will be subject to the Stockholders Agreement to the extent applicable. No Stock will be delivered to a Participant until the Participant has executed the Stockholders Agreement.

(b)Awards Requiring Exercise.

(1) Time And Manner Of Exercise. Unless the Administrator expressly provides otherwise, an Award requiring exercise by the holder will not be deemed to have been exercised until the Administrator receives a notice of exercise (in form acceptable to the Administrator), which may be an electronic notice, signed (including electronic signature in form

acceptable to the Administrator) by the appropriate person and accompanied by any payment required under the Award. If the Award is exercised by any person other than the Participant, the Administrator may require satisfactory evidence that the person exercising the Award has the right to do so.

(2) Exercise Price. The exercise price (or the base value from which appreciation is to be measured) of each Award requiring exercise will be 100% (in the case of an ISO granted to a ten-percent shareholder within the meaning of subsection (b)(6) of Section 422, 110%) of the fair market value of the Stock subject to the Award, determined as of the date of grant, or such higher amount as the Administrator may determine in connection with the grant. Awards, once granted, may be repriced only in accordance with the applicable requirements of this Plan, including Section 9.

(3) Payment Of Exercise Price. Where the exercise of an Award is to be accompanied by payment, payment of the exercise price shall be by cash or check acceptable to the Administrator, or, if so permitted by the Administrator and if legally permissible, (i) through the delivery of unrestricted shares of Stock that have a fair market value equal to the exercise price, subject to such minimum holding period requirements, if any, as the Administrator may prescribe, (ii) at such time, if any, as the Stock is publicly traded, through a broker-assisted exercise program acceptable to the Administrator, (iii) by other means acceptable to the Administrator, or (iv) by any combination of the foregoing permissible forms of payment. No Award requiring exercise or portion thereof may be exercised unless, at the time of exercise, the fair market value of the shares of Stock subject to such Award or portion thereof exceeds the exercise price for the Award or such portion. The delivery of shares in payment of the exercise price under clause (i) above may be accomplished either by actual delivery or by constructive delivery through attestation of ownership, subject to such rules as the Administrator may prescribe.

(4) Maximum Term. Awards requiring exercise will have a maximum term not to exceed ten (10) years from the date of grant (five (5) years from the date of grant in the case of an ISO granted to a ten-percent shareholder described in Section 6(b)(2) above).

7.EFFECT OF CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS

(a)Mergers, etc. Except as otherwise provided in an Award, the Administrator shall, in its sole discretion, determine the effect of a Covered Transaction on Awards, which determination may include, but is not limited to, taking the following actions:

(1) Assumption or Substitution. If the Covered Transaction is one in which there is an acquiring or surviving entity, the Administrator may provide for the assumption or continuation of some or all outstanding Awards or for the grant of new awards in substitution therefor by the acquiror or survivor or an affiliate of the acquiror or survivor.

(2) Cash-Out of Awards. If the Covered Transaction is one in which holders of Stock will receive upon consummation a payment (whether cash, non-cash or a combination of the foregoing), then subject to Section 7(a)(5) below the Administrator may provide for payment (a “cash-out”), with respect to some or all Awards or any portion thereof, equal in the case of

each affected Award or portion thereof to the excess, if any, of (A) the fair market value of one share of Stock (as determined by the Administrator in its reasonable discretion) times the number of shares of Stock subject to the Award or such portion, over (B) the aggregate exercise or purchase price, if any, under the Award or such portion (in the case of an SAR, the aggregate base value above which appreciation is measured), in each case on such payment terms (which need not be the same as the terms of payment to holders of Stock) and other terms, and subject to such conditions, as the Administrator determines; provided, that the Administrator may not exercise its discretion under this Section 7(a)(2) with respect to an Award or portion thereof providing for “nonqualified deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A in a manner that would constitute an extension or acceleration of, or other change in, payment terms if such change would be inconsistent with the applicable requirements of Section 409A.

(3) Acceleration of Certain Awards. If the Covered Transaction (whether or not there is an acquiring or surviving entity) is one in which there is no assumption, continuation, substitution or cash-out, then subject to Section 7(a)(5) below the Administrator may provide that each Award requiring exercise will become fully exercisable, and the delivery of any shares of Stock remaining deliverable under each outstanding Award of Stock Units (including Restricted Stock Units and Performance Awards to the extent consisting of Stock Units) will be accelerated and such shares will be delivered, prior to the Covered Transaction, in each case on a basis that gives the holder of the Award a reasonable opportunity, as determined by the Administrator, following exercise of the Award or the delivery of the shares, as the case may be, to participate as a stockholder in the Covered Transaction; provided, that to the extent acceleration pursuant to this Section 7(a)(3) of an Award subject to Section 409A would cause the Award to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A, the Award may not be accelerated and the Administrator in lieu thereof shall take such steps as are necessary to ensure that payment of the Award is made in a medium other than Stock and on terms that as nearly as possible, but taking into account adjustments required or permitted by this Section 7, replicate the prior terms of the Award.

(4) Termination of Awards Upon Consummation of Covered Transaction. Each Award will terminate upon consummation of the Covered Transaction, other than the following: (i) Awards assumed pursuant to Section 7(a)(1) above; (ii) Awards converted pursuant to the proviso in Section 7(a)(3) above into an ongoing right to receive payment other than in Stock; and (iii) outstanding shares of Restricted Stock (which will be treated in the same manner as other shares of Stock, subject to Section 7(a)(5) below).

(5) Additional Limitations. Any share of Stock and any cash or other property delivered pursuant to Section 7(a)(2) or Section 7(a)(3) above with respect to an Award may, in the discretion of the Administrator, contain such restrictions, if any, as the Administrator deems appropriate to reflect any performance or other vesting conditions to which the Award was subject and that did not lapse (and were not satisfied) in connection with the Covered Transaction. For purposes of the immediately preceding sentence, a cash-out under Section 7(a)(2) above or the acceleration of exercisability of an Award under Section 7(a)(3) above shall not, in and of itself, be treated as the lapsing (or satisfaction) of a performance or other vesting condition. In the case of Restricted Stock that does not vest in connection with the Covered Transaction, the Administrator may require that any amounts delivered, exchanged or otherwise paid in respect of such Stock in connection with the Covered Transaction be placed in escrow or

otherwise made subject to such restrictions as the Administrator deems appropriate to carry out the intent of the Plan.

(b)Changes in and Distributions With Respect to Stock.

(1) Basic Adjustment Provisions. In the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination of shares (including a reverse stock split), recapitalization or other change in the Company’s capital structure that constitutes an equity restructuring within the meaning of ASC Topic 718, the Administrator shall make appropriate adjustments to the maximum number of shares specified in Section 4(a) that may be delivered under the Plan and shall also make appropriate adjustments to the number and kind of shares of stock or securities subject to Awards then outstanding or subsequently granted, any exercise prices relating to Awards and any other provision of Awards affected by such change.

(2) Certain Other Adjustments. The Administrator may also make adjustments of the type described in Section 7(b)(1) above to take into account distributions to stockholders other than those provided for in Section 7(a) and 7(b)(1), or any other event, if the Administrator determines that adjustments are appropriate to avoid distortion in the operation of the Plan and to preserve the value of Awards made hereunder, having due regard for the qualification of ISOs under Section 422 and the requirements of Section 409A, where applicable.

(3) Continuing Application of Plan Terms. References in the Plan to shares of Stock will be construed to include any stock or securities resulting from an adjustment pursuant to this Section 7.

8.LEGAL CONDITIONS ON DELIVERY OF STOCK

The Company will not be obligated to deliver any shares of Stock pursuant to the Plan or remove any restriction from shares of Stock previously delivered under the Plan until: (i) the Company is satisfied that all legal matters in connection with the issuance and delivery of such shares have been addressed and resolved; (ii) if the outstanding Stock is at the time of delivery listed on any stock exchange or national market system, the shares to be delivered have been listed or authorized to be listed on such exchange or system upon official notice of issuance; and (iii) all conditions of the Award have been satisfied or waived. If the sale of Stock has not been registered under the Securities Act, the Company may require, as a condition to exercise of the Award, such representations or agreements as counsel for the Company may consider appropriate to avoid violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state or foreign securities laws. The Company may require that certificates evidencing Stock issued under the Plan bear an appropriate legend reflecting any restriction on transfer applicable to such Stock, and the Company may hold the certificates pending lapse of the applicable restrictions.

9.AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION

The Administrator may at any time or times amend the Plan or any outstanding Award for any purpose which may at the time be permitted by law, and may at any time terminate the Plan as to any future grants of Awards; provided, that except as otherwise expressly provided in the Plan the Administrator may not, without the Participant’s consent, alter the terms of an

Award so as to affect materially and adversely the Participant’s rights under the Award, unless the Administrator expressly reserved the right to do so at the time the Award was granted. In furtherance of the foregoing, the Administrator may, without stockholder approval, amend any outstanding Award requiring exercise to provide an exercise price (or base value, in the case of an SAR) per share that is lower than the then-current exercise price or base value per share of such outstanding Award (but not lower than the exercise price or base value at which a new Award of the same type could be granted on the date of such amendment). The Board may also, without stockholder approval, cancel any outstanding award (whether or not granted under the Plan) and grant in substitution therefor new Awards under the Plan covering the same or a different number of shares of Stock, including, in the case of a Award requiring exercise, a new Award having an exercise price (or base value, in the case of an SAR) per share that is lower than the then-current exercise price or base value per share of such outstanding Award (but not lower than the exercise price or base value at which a new Award of the same type could be granted on the date of such amendment), subject to the requirements of Section 6(b)(2) above. Any amendments to the Plan will be conditioned upon stockholder approval only to the extent, if any, such approval is required by law (including the Code), as determined by the Administrator.

10.OTHER COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS

The existence of the Plan or the grant of any Award will not in any way affect the Company’s right to Award a person bonuses or other compensation in addition to Awards under the Plan.

11.MISCELLANEOUS

(a)Waiver of Jury Trial. By accepting an Award under the Plan, each Participant waives any right to a trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim concerning any rights under the Plan and any Award, or under any amendment, waiver, consent, instrument, document or other agreement delivered or which in the future may be delivered in connection therewith, and agrees that any such action, proceedings or counterclaim shall be tried before a court and not before a jury. By accepting an Award under the Plan, each Participant certifies that no officer, representative, or attorney of the Company has represented, expressly or otherwise, that the Company would not, in the event of any action, proceeding or counterclaim, seek to enforce the foregoing waivers.

(b)Limitation of Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan, neither the Company, nor any Affiliate, nor the Administrator, nor any person acting on behalf of the Company, any Affiliate, or the Administrator, will be liable to any Participant or to the estate or beneficiary of any Participant or to any other holder of an Award by reason of any acceleration of income, or any additional tax (including any interest and penalties), asserted by reason of the failure of an Award to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 or Section 409A or by reason of Section 4999 of the Code, or otherwise asserted with respect to the Award; provided, that nothing in this Section 11(b) will limit the ability of the Administrator or the Company, in its discretion, to provide by separate express written agreement with a Participant for a gross-up payment or other payment in connection with any such acceleration of income or additional tax.

12.ESTABLISHMENT OF SUB-PLANS

The Board may from time to time establish one or more sub-plans under the Plan for purposes of satisfying applicable blue sky, securities or tax laws of various jurisdictions. The Board will establish such sub-plans by adopting supplements to the Plan setting forth (i) such limitations on the Administrator’s discretion under the Plan as the Board deems necessary or desirable and (ii) such additional terms and conditions not otherwise inconsistent with the Plan as the Board deems necessary or desirable. All supplements adopted by the Board will be deemed to be part of the Plan, but each supplement will apply only to Participants within the affected jurisdiction and the Company will not be required to provide copies of any supplement to Participants in any jurisdiction that is not affected.

13.GOVERNING LAW

Except as otherwise provided by the express terms of an Award agreement or under a sub-plan described in Section 12, the provisions of the Plan and of Awards under the Plan and all claims or disputes arising out of our based upon the Plan or any Award under the Plan or relating to the subject matter hereof or thereof will be governed by and construed in accordance with the domestic substantive laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any choice or conflict of laws provision or rule that would cause the application of the domestic substantive laws of any other jurisdiction.

EXHIBIT A

Definition of Terms

The following terms, when used in the Plan, will have the meanings and be subject to the provisions set forth below:

“Administrator”: The Board, except that the Board may delegate its authority under the Plan to a committee of the Board (or one or more members of the Board), in which case references herein to the Board will refer to such committee (or members of the Board). The Board may delegate (i) to one or more of its members such of its duties, powers and responsibilities as it may determine; (ii) to one or more officers of the Company the power to grant rights or options to the extent permitted by Section 157(c) of the Delaware General Corporation Law; and (iii) to such Employees or other persons as it determines such ministerial tasks as it deems appropriate. In the event of any delegation described in the preceding sentence, the term “Administrator” will include the person or persons so delegated to the extent of such delegation.

“Affiliate”: Any corporation or other entity that would be treated as an “Affiliate” of the Company under the terms of the Stockholders Agreement.

“Award”: Any or a combination of the following:

(i) Stock Options.

(ii) SARs.

(iii) Restricted Stock

(iv) Unrestricted Stock.

(v) Stock Units, including Restricted Stock Units.

(vi) Performance Awards.

(vii) Awards (other than Awards described in (i) through (vi) above) that are convertible into or otherwise based on Stock.

“Board”: The Board of Directors of the Company.

“Cause”: In the case of any Participant who is party to an employment or severance-benefit agreement that contains a definition of “Cause,” the definition set forth in such agreement will apply with respect to such Participant under the Plan. In the case of any other Participant, “Cause” will mean (i) a material breach by the Participant of the Participant’s duties and responsibilities, or (ii) the commission by the Participant of a felony involving moral turpitude, or (iii) the commission by the Participant of theft, fraud, embezzlement, material breach of trust

or any material act of dishonesty involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or (iv) a significant violation by the Participant of the code of conduct of the Company or its subsidiaries or of any statutory or common law duty of loyalty to the Company or its subsidiaries.

“Code”: The U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as from time to time amended and in effect, or any successor statute as from time to time in effect.

“Company”: Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

“Covered Transaction”: Any of (i) a consolidation, merger, or similar transaction or series of related transactions, including a sale or other disposition of stock, in which the Company is not the surviving corporation or which results in the acquisition of all or substantially all of the Company’s then outstanding common stock by a single person or entity or by a group of persons and/or entities acting in concert, (ii) a sale or transfer of all or substantially all the Company’s assets, or (iii) a dissolution or liquidation of the Company. Where a Covered Transaction involves a tender offer that is reasonably expected to be followed by a merger described in clause (i) (as determined by the Administrator), the Covered Transaction will be deemed to have occurred upon consummation of the tender offer.

“Date of Adoption”: February 3, 2016.

“Disability”: In the case of any Participant who is a party to an employment or severance-benefit agreement that contains a definition of “Disability,” the definition set forth in such agreement will apply with respect to such Participant under the Plan. In the case of any other Participant, “Disability” will mean a disability that would entitle a Participant to long-term disability benefits under the Company’s long-term disability plan to which the Participant participates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in any case in which a benefit that constitutes or includes “nonqualified deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A would be payable by reason of Disability, the term “Disability” will mean a disability described in Treas. Regs. Section 1.409A-3(i)(4)(i)(A).

“Employee”: Any person who is employed by the Company or by a subsidiary of the Company.

“Employment”: A Participant’s employment or other service relationship with the Company and its subsidiaries. Employment will be deemed to continue, unless the Administrator expressly provides otherwise, so long as the Participant is employed by, or otherwise is providing services in a capacity described in Section 5 to the Company or one of its subsidiaries. If a Participant’s employment or other service relationship is with a subsidiary and that entity ceases to be a subsidiary of the Company, the Participant’s Employment will be deemed to have terminated when the entity ceases to be a subsidiary of the Company unless the Participant transfers Employment to the Company or one of its remaining subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in construing the provisions of any Award relating to the payment of "nonqualified deferred compensation" (subject to Section 409A) upon a termination or cessation of Employment, references to termination or cessation of employment, separation from service, retirement or similar or correlative terms shall be construed to require a "separation

from service" (as that term is defined in Section 1.409A-1(h) of the Treasury Regulations) from the Company and from all other corporations and trades or businesses, if any, that would be treated as a single "service recipient" with the Company under Section 1.409A-1(h)(3) of the Treasury Regulations. The Company may, but need not, elect in writing, subject to the applicable limitations under Section 409A, any of the special elective rules prescribed in Section 1.409A-1(h) of the Treasury Regulations for purposes of determining whether a "separation from service" has occurred. Any such written election shall be deemed a part of the Plan.

“ISO”: A Stock Option intended to be an “incentive stock option” within the meaning of Section 422. Each Stock Option granted pursuant to the Plan will be treated as providing by its terms that it is to be a non-incentive Stock Option unless, as of the date of grant, it is expressly designated as an ISO.

“Participant”: A person who is granted an Award under the Plan.

“Performance Award”: An Award subject to specified criteria, other than the mere continuation of Employment or the mere passage of time, the satisfaction of which is a condition for the grant, exercisability, vesting or full enjoyment of the Award.

“Plan”: The Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan as from time to time amended and in effect.

“Restricted Stock”: Stock subject to restrictions requiring that it be redelivered or offered for sale to the Company if specified conditions are not satisfied.

“Restricted Stock Unit”: A Stock Unit that is, or as to which the delivery of Stock or cash in lieu of Stock is, subject to the satisfaction of specified performance or other vesting conditions.

“SAR”: A right entitling the holder upon exercise to receive an amount (payable in cash or in shares of Stock of equivalent value) equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares of Stock subject to the right over the base value from which appreciation under the SAR is to be measured.

“Section 409A”: Section 409A of the Code.

“Section 422”: Section 422 of the Code.

“Securities Act”: Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Stock”: Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share.

“Stock Option”: An option entitling the holder to acquire shares of Stock upon payment of the exercise price.

“Stock Unit”: An unfunded and unsecured promise, denominated in shares of Stock, to deliver Stock or cash measured by the value of Stock in the future.

“Stockholders Agreement”: The Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement dated as of November 4, 2013 by and among the Company, Founders, Investors and Common Investors, as amended or modified from time to time.

“Unrestricted Stock”: Stock not subject to any restrictions under the terms of the Award.

Exhibit 10.2

As amended as of May 23, 2023

sigilon therapeutics, INC.
2020 Equity INCENTIVE PLAN

DEFINED TERMS

Exhibit A, which is incorporated by reference, defines certain terms used in the Plan and includes certain operational rules related to those terms.

PURPOSE

The Plan has been established to advance the interests of the Company by providing for the grant to Participants of Stock and Stock-based Awards.

ADMINISTRATION

The Plan will be administered by the Administrator. The Administrator has discretionary authority, subject only to the express provisions of the Plan, to administer and interpret the Plan and any Awards; to determine eligibility for and grant Awards; to determine the exercise price, base value from which appreciation is measured, or purchase price, if any, applicable to any Award, to determine, modify, accelerate or waive the terms and conditions of any Award; to determine the form of settlement of Awards (whether in cash, shares of Stock, other Awards or other property); to prescribe forms, rules and procedures relating to the Plan and Awards; and to otherwise do all things necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of the Plan or any Award. Determinations of the Administrator made with respect to the Plan or any Award are conclusive and bind all persons.

LIMITS ON AWARDS UNDER THE PLAN

Number of Shares. Subject to adjustment as provided in Section 7(b), the maximum number of shares of Stock that may be delivered in satisfaction of Awards under the Plan is (i) 115,384 shares (the “Initial Share Pool”), plus (ii) the number of shares of Stock underlying awards under the Prior Plan that on or after the Date of Adoption expire or become unexercisable without delivery of shares, are forfeited to, or repurchased for cash by, the Company, are settled in cash, or otherwise become available again for grant under the Prior Plan, in each case, in accordance with its terms (in the case of this subclause (ii), not to exceed 300,000 shares of Stock in the aggregate). The Initial Share Pool will automatically increase on January 1st of each year from 2021 to 2030 by the lesser of (i) four percent (4%) of the number of shares of Stock outstanding as of the close of business on the immediately preceding December 31st and (ii) the number of shares of Stock determined by the Board on or prior to such date for such year (the Initial Share Pool, as it may be so increased, together with any shares that are become available for grant under the Prior Plan, as provided for above, the “Share Pool”). Up to 1,307,692 shares of Stock from the Share Pool may be delivered in satisfaction of ISOs, but nothing in this Section 4(a) will be construed as requiring that any, or any fixed number of, ISOs be awarded under the

Plan. For purposes of this Section 4(a), shares of Stock shall not be treated as delivered under the Plan, and will not reduce the Share Pool, unless and until, and to the extent, they are actually delivered to a Participant. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the number of shares of Stock delivered in satisfaction of Awards will be determined (i) by excluding shares of Stock withheld by the Company in payment of the exercise price or purchase price of the Award or in satisfaction of tax withholding requirements with respect to the Award, (ii) by including only the number of shares of Stock delivered in settlement of a SAR any portion of which is settled in Stock, and (iii) by excluding any shares of Stock underlying Awards settled in cash or that expire, become unexercisable, terminate or are forfeited to or repurchased by the Company without the delivery of Stock (or retention, in the case of Restricted Stock or Unrestricted Stock). For the avoidance of doubt, the Share Pool will not be increased by any shares of Stock delivered under the Plan that are subsequently repurchased using proceeds directly attributable to Stock Option exercises. The limits set forth in this Section 4(a) will be construed to comply with Section 422.

Substitute Awards. The Administrator may grant Substitute Awards under the Plan. To the extent consistent with the requirements of Section 422 and the regulations thereunder and other applicable legal requirements (including applicable stock exchange requirements), shares of Stock delivered in respect of Substitute Awards will be in addition to and will not reduce the Share Pool. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything in Section 4(a) to the contrary, if any Substitute Award is settled in cash or expires, becomes unexercisable, terminates or is forfeited to or repurchased by the Company without the delivery (or retention, in the case of Restricted Stock or Unrestricted Stock) of Stock, the shares of Stock previously subject to such Award will not increase the Share Pool or otherwise be available for future grant under the Plan. The Administrator will determine the extent to which the terms and conditions of the Plan apply to Substitute Awards, if at all.

Type of Shares. Stock delivered by the Company under the Plan may be authorized but unissued Stock, treasury Stock or previously issued Stock acquired by the Company. No fractional shares of Stock will be delivered under the Plan.

Director Limits. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the aggregate value of all compensation granted or paid to any Director with respect to any calendar year, including Awards granted under the Plan and cash fees or other compensation paid by the Company to such Director outside of the Plan for his or her services as a Director during such calendar year, may not exceed $750,000 in the aggregate ($1,000,000 in the aggregate with respect to a Director’s first year of service on the Board), calculating the value of any Awards based on the grant date fair value in accordance with the Accounting Rules, assuming a maximum payout. For the avoidance of doubt, the limitation in this Section 4(d) will not apply to any compensation granted or paid to a Director for his or her services to the Company or a subsidiary other than as a Director, including, without limitation, as a consultant or advisor to the Company or a subsidiary.

ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION

The Administrator will select Participants from among Employees and Directors of, and consultants and advisors to, the Company and its subsidiaries. Eligibility for ISOs is limited to individuals described in the first sentence of this Section 5 who are employees of the Company

or of a “parent corporation” or “subsidiary corporation” of the Company as those terms are defined in Section 424 of the Code. Eligibility for Stock Options, other than ISOs, and SARs is limited to individuals described in the first sentence of this Section 5 who are providing direct services on the date of grant of the Award to the Company or to a subsidiary of the Company that would be described in the first sentence of Section 1.409A-1(b)(5)(iii)(E) of the Treasury Regulations.

RULES APPLICABLE TO AWARDS

All Awards.

Award Provisions. The Administrator will determine the terms and conditions of all Awards, subject to the limitations provided herein. No term of an Award shall provide for automatic “reload” grants of additional Awards upon the exercise of an Option or SAR. By accepting (or, under such rules as the Administrator may prescribe, being deemed to have accepted) an Award, the Participant will be deemed to have agreed to the terms and conditions of the Award and the Plan. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, Substitute Awards may contain terms and conditions that are inconsistent with the terms and conditions specified herein, as determined by the Administrator.

Term of Plan. No Awards may be made after ten years from the Date of Adoption, but previously granted Awards may continue beyond that date in accordance with their terms.

Transferability. Neither ISOs nor, except as the Administrator otherwise expressly provides in accordance with the third sentence of this Section 6(a)(3), other Awards may be transferred other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. During a Participant’s lifetime, ISOs and, except as the Administrator otherwise expressly provides in accordance with the third sentence of this Section 6(a)(3), SARs and NSOs may be exercised only by the Participant. The Administrator may permit the gratuitous transfer (i.e., transfer not for value) of Awards other than ISOs, subject to applicable securities and other laws and such terms and conditions as the Administrator may determine.

Vesting; Exercisability. The Administrator will determine the time or times at which an Award vests or becomes exercisable and the terms and conditions on which a Stock Option or SAR remains exercisable. Without limiting the foregoing, the Administrator may at any time accelerate the vesting and/or exercisability of an Award (or any portion thereof), regardless of any adverse or potentially adverse tax or other consequences resulting from such acceleration. Unless the Administrator expressly provides otherwise, however, the following rules will apply if a Participant’s Employment ceases:

Except as provided in (B) and (C) below, immediately upon the cessation of the Participant’s Employment each Stock Option and SAR (or portion thereof) that is then held by the Participant or by the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, will cease to be exercisable and will terminate and each other Award that is then held by the Participant or by the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, to the extent not then vested will be forfeited.

Subject to (C) and (D) below, each Stock Option and SAR (or portion thereof) held by the Participant or the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, immediately prior to the cessation of the Participant’s Employment, to the extent then vested and exercisable, will remain exercisable for the lesser of (i) a period of three months following such cessation of Employment or (ii) the period ending on the latest date on which such Stock Option or SAR could have been exercised without regard to this Section 6(a)(4), and will thereupon immediately terminate.

Subject to (D) below, each Stock Option and SAR (or portion thereof) held by a Participant or the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, immediately prior to the cessation of the Participant’s Employment due to his or her death or by the Company due to his or her Disability, to the extent then vested and exercisable, will remain exercisable for the lesser of (i) the one-year period ending on the first anniversary of such cessation of Employment or (ii) the period ending on the latest date on which such Stock Option or SAR could have been exercised without regard to this Section 6(a)(4), and will thereupon immediately terminate.

All Awards (whether or not vested or exercisable) held by a Participant or the Participant’s permitted transferees, if any, immediately prior to the cessation of the Participant’s Employment will immediately terminate upon such cessation of Employment if the termination is for Cause or occurs in circumstances that in the determination of the Administrator would have constituted grounds for the Participant’s Employment to be terminated for Cause (in each case, without regard to the lapsing of any required notice or cure periods in connection therewith).

Recovery of Compensation. The Administrator may provide in any case that any outstanding Award (whether or not vested or exercisable), the proceeds from the exercise or disposition of any Award or Stock acquired under any Award, and any other amounts received in respect of any Award or Stock acquired under any Award will be subject to forfeiture and disgorgement to the Company, with interest and other related earnings, if the Participant to whom the Award was granted is not in compliance with any provision of the Plan or any applicable Award, or any non-competition, non-solicitation, no-hire, non-disparagement, confidentiality, invention assignment, or other restrictive covenant by which he or she is bound. Each Award will be subject to any policy of the Company or any of its subsidiaries that relates to trading on non-public information and permitted transactions with respect to shares of Stock, including limitations on hedging and pledging. In addition, each Award will be subject to any policy of the Company or any of its Affiliates that provides for forfeiture, disgorgement, or clawback with respect to incentive compensation that includes Awards under the Plan and will be further subject to forfeiture and disgorgement to the extent required by law or applicable stock exchange listing standards, including, without limitation, Section 10D of the Exchange Act. Each Participant, by accepting or being deemed to have accepted an Award under the Plan, agrees (or will be deemed to have agreed) to the terms of this Section 6(a)(5) and any clawback, recoupment or similar policy of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and further agrees (or will be deemed to have further agreed) to cooperate fully with the Administrator, and to cause any and all permitted transferees of the Participant to cooperate fully with the Administrator, to effectuate any forfeiture or disgorgement described in this Section 6(a)(5). Neither the Administrator nor the Company nor any other person, other than the Participant and his or her

permitted transferees, if any, will be responsible for any adverse tax or other consequences to a Participant or his or her permitted transferees, if any, that may arise in connection with this Section 6(a)(5).

Taxes. The grant of an Award and the issuance, delivery, vesting and retention of Stock, cash or other property under an Award are conditioned upon the full satisfaction by the Participant of all tax and other withholding requirements with respect to the Award. The Administrator will prescribe rules for the withholding of taxes and other amounts with respect to any Award as it deems necessary. Without limitation to the foregoing, the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company will have the authority and the right to deduct or withhold (by any means set forth herein or in an Award agreement), or require a Participant to remit to the Company or a parent or subsidiary of the Company, an amount sufficient to satisfy all U.S. and non-U.S. federal, state and local income tax, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items related to participation in the Plan and any Award hereunder and legally applicable to the Participant and required by law to be withheld (including, any amount deemed by the Company, in its discretion, to be an appropriate charge to the Participant even if legally applicable to the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company). The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may hold back shares of Stock from an Award or permit a Participant to tender previously-owned shares of Stock in satisfaction of tax or other withholding requirements (but not in excess of the maximum withholding amount consistent with the Award being subject to equity accounting treatment under the Accounting Rules). Any amounts withheld pursuant to this Section 6(a)(6) will be treated as though such payment had been made directly to the Participant. In addition, the Company may, to the extent permitted by law, deduct any such tax and other withholding amounts from any payment of any kind otherwise due to a Participant from the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company.

Dividend Equivalents. The Administrator may provide for the payment of amounts (on terms and subject to such restrictions and conditions established by the Administrator) in lieu of cash dividends or other cash distributions with respect to Stock subject to an Award whether or not the holder of such Award is otherwise entitled to share in the actual dividend or distribution in respect of such Award. Any entitlement to dividend equivalents or similar entitlements will be established and administered either consistent with an exemption from, or in compliance with, the applicable requirements of Section 409A.

Rights Limited. Nothing in the Plan or any Award will be construed as giving any person the right to be granted an Award or to continued employment or service with the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any rights as a stockholder except as to shares of Stock actually delivered under the Plan. The loss of existing or potential profit in any Award will not constitute an element of damages in the event of a termination of a Participant’s Employment for any reason, even if the termination is in violation of an obligation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries to the Participant.

Coordination with Other Plans. Shares of Stock and/or Awards under the Plan may be granted in tandem with, or in satisfaction of or substitution for, other Awards under the Plan or awards made under other compensatory plans or programs of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. For example, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, awards under

other compensatory plans or programs of the Company or any of its subsidiaries may be settled in Stock (including, without limitation, Unrestricted Stock) under the Plan if the Administrator so determines, in which case the shares delivered will be treated as awarded under the Plan (and will reduce the number of shares thereafter available for delivery under the Plan in accordance with the rules set forth in Section 4).

Section 409A.

Without limiting the generality of Section 11(b) hereof, each Award will contain such terms as the Administrator determines and will be construed and administered such that the Award either qualifies for an exemption from the requirements of Section 409A or satisfies such requirements.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or any Award agreement, the Administrator may unilaterally amend, modify or terminate the Plan or any outstanding Award, including but not limited to changing the form of the Award, if the Administrator determines that such amendment, modification or termination is necessary or desirable to avoid the imposition of an additional tax, interest or penalty under Section 409A.

If a Participant is determined on the date of the Participant’s termination of Employment to be a “specified employee” within the meaning of that term under Section 409A(a)(2)(B) of the Code, then, with regard to any payment that is considered nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A, to the extent applicable, payable on account of a “separation from service”, such payment will be made or provided on the date that is the earlier of (i) the first business day following the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of such “separation from service” and (ii) the date of the Participant’s death (the “Delay Period”). Upon the expiration of the Delay Period, all payments delayed pursuant to this Section 6(a)(10)(C) (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single lump sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) will be paid, without interest, on the first business day following the expiration of the Delay Period in a lump sum and any remaining payments due under the Award will be paid in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them in the applicable Award agreement.

For purposes of Section 409A, each payment made under the Plan or any Award will be treated as a separate payment.

With regard to any payment considered to be nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A, to the extent applicable, that is payable upon a Change in Control or other similar event, to the extent required to avoid the imposition of an additional tax, interest or penalty under Section 409A, no amount will be payable unless such Change in Control or other similar event constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 1.409A-3(i)(5) of the Treasury Regulations.

Stock Options and SARs.

Time and Manner of Exercise. Unless the Administrator expressly provides otherwise, no Stock Option or SAR will be deemed to have been exercised until the Administrator receives a notice of exercise in a form acceptable to the Administrator that is signed by the appropriate person and accompanied by any payment required under the Award. The Administrator may limit or restrict the exercisability of any Stock Option or SAR in its discretion, including in connection with any Covered Transaction. Any attempt to exercise a Stock Option or SAR by any person other than the Participant will not be given effect unless the Administrator has received such evidence as it may require that the person exercising the Award has the right to do so.

Exercise Price. The exercise price (or the base value from which appreciation is to be measured) per share of each Award requiring exercise must be no less than 100% (in the case of an ISO granted to a 10-percent stockholder within the meaning of Section 422(b)(6) of the Code, 110%) of the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock, determined as of the date of grant of the Award, or such higher amount as the Administrator may determine in connection with the grant.

Payment of Exercise Price. Where the exercise of an Award (or portion thereof) is to be accompanied by payment, payment of the exercise price must be made by cash or check acceptable to the Administrator or, if so permitted by the Administrator and if legally permissible, (i) through the delivery of previously acquired unrestricted shares of Stock, or the withholding of unrestricted shares of Stock otherwise deliverable upon exercise, in either case that have a Fair Market Value equal to the exercise price; (ii) through a broker-assisted cashless exercise program acceptable to the Administrator; (iii) by other means acceptable to the Administrator; or (iv) by any combination of the foregoing permissible forms of payment. The delivery of previously acquired shares in payment of the exercise price under clause (i) above may be accomplished either by actual delivery or by constructive delivery through attestation of ownership, subject to such rules as the Administrator may prescribe.

Maximum Term. The maximum term of Stock Options and SARs must not exceed 10 years from the date of grant (or five years from the date of grant in the case of an ISO granted to a 10-percent stockholder described in Section 6(b)(2) above).

No Repricing. Except in connection with a corporate transaction involving the Company (which term includes, without limitation, any stock dividend, stock split, extraordinary cash dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination or exchange of shares) or as otherwise contemplated by Section 7 below, the Company may not, without obtaining stockholder approval, (A) amend the terms of outstanding Stock Options or SARs to reduce the exercise price or base value of such Stock Options or SARs, (B) cancel outstanding Stock Options or SARs in exchange for Stock Options or SARs that have an exercise price or base value that is less than the exercise price or base value of the original Stock Options or SARs, or (C) cancel outstanding Stock Options or SARs that have an exercise price or base value greater than the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of such cancellation in exchange for cash or other consideration.

EFFECT OF CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS

Mergers, etc. Except as otherwise expressly provided in an Award agreement or other agreement or by the Administrator, the following provisions will apply in the event of a Covered Transaction:

Assumption or Substitution. If the Covered Transaction is one in which there is an acquiring or surviving entity, the Administrator may provide for (A) the assumption or continuation of some or all outstanding Awards or any portion thereof or (B) the grant of new awards in substitution therefor by the acquiror or survivor or an affiliate of the acquiror or survivor.

Cash-Out of Awards. Subject to Section 7(a)(5) below, the Administrator may provide for payment (a “cash-out”), with respect to some or all Awards or any portion thereof (including only the vested portion thereof, with the unvested portion terminating as provided in subsection 7(a)(4) below), equal in the case of each applicable Award or portion thereof to the excess, if any, of (A) the Fair Market Value of one share of Stock multiplied by the number of shares of Stock subject to the Award or such portion, minus (B) the aggregate exercise or purchase price, if any, of such Award or such portion thereof (or, in the case of a SAR, the aggregate base value above which appreciation is measured), in each case on such payment and other terms and subject to such conditions (which need not be the same as the terms and conditions applicable to holders of Stock generally), as the Administrator determines, including that any amounts paid in respect of such Award in connection with the Covered Transaction be placed in escrow or otherwise made subject to such restrictions as the Administrator deems appropriate. For the avoidance of doubt, if the per share exercise or purchase price (or base value) of an Award or portion thereof is equal to or greater than the Fair Market Value of one share of Stock, such Award or portion may be cancelled with no payment due hereunder or otherwise in respect thereof.

Acceleration of Certain Awards. Subject to Section 7(a)(5) below, the Administrator may provide that any Award requiring exercise will become exercisable, in full or in part, and/or that the delivery of any shares of Stock remaining deliverable under any outstanding Award of Stock Units (including Restricted Stock Units and Performance Awards to the extent consisting of Stock Units) will be accelerated, in full or in part, in each case on a basis that gives the holder of the Award a reasonable opportunity, as determined by the Administrator, following the exercise of the Award or the delivery of the shares, as the case may be, to participate as a stockholder in the Covered Transaction.

Termination of Awards upon Consummation of Covered Transaction. Except as the Administrator may otherwise determine, each Award will automatically terminate (and in the case of outstanding shares of Restricted Stock, will automatically be forfeited) immediately upon the consummation of the Covered Transaction, other than (A) any Award that is assumed, continued or substituted for pursuant to Section 7(a)(1) above, and (B) any Award that by its terms, or as a result of action taken by the Administrator, continues following the Covered Transaction.

Additional Limitations. Any share of Stock and any cash or other property or other award delivered pursuant to Section 7(a)(1), Section 7(a)(2) or Section 7(a)(3) above with respect to an Award may, in the discretion of the Administrator, contain such restrictions, if any, as the Administrator deems appropriate, including to reflect any performance or other vesting conditions to which the Award was subject and that did not lapse (and were not satisfied) in connection with the Covered Transaction. For purposes of the immediately preceding sentence, a cash-out under Section 7(a)(2) above or an acceleration under Section 7(a)(3) above will not, in and of itself, be treated as the lapsing (or satisfaction) of a performance or other vesting condition. In the case of Restricted Stock that does not vest and is not forfeited in connection with the Covered Transaction, the Administrator may require that any amounts delivered, exchanged or otherwise paid in respect of such Stock in connection with the Covered Transaction be placed in escrow or otherwise made subject to such restrictions as the Administrator deems appropriate to carry out the intent of the Plan.

Uniform Treatment. For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrator need not treat Participants or Awards (or portions thereof) in a uniform manner, and may treat different Participants and/or Awards differently, in connection with a Covered Transaction.

Changes in and Distributions with Respect to Stock.

Basic Adjustment Provisions. In the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination of shares (including a reverse stock split), recapitalization or other change in the Company’s capital structure that constitutes an equity restructuring within the meaning of the Accounting Rules, the Administrator shall make appropriate adjustments to the maximum number of shares of Stock specified in Section 4(a) that may be delivered under the Plan, and shall make appropriate adjustments to the number and kind of shares of stock or securities underlying Awards then outstanding or subsequently granted, any exercise or purchase prices (or base values) relating to Awards and any other provision of Awards affected by such change.

Certain Other Adjustments. The Administrator may also make adjustments of the type described in Section 7(b)(1) above to take into account distributions to stockholders other than those provided for in Sections 7(a) and 7(b)(1), or any other event, if the Administrator determines that adjustments are appropriate to avoid distortion in the operation of the Plan or any Award.

Continuing Application of Plan Terms. References in the Plan to shares of Stock will be construed to include any stock or securities resulting from an adjustment pursuant to this Section 7.

LEGAL CONDITIONS ON DELIVERY OF STOCK

The Company will not be obligated to deliver any shares of Stock pursuant to the Plan or to remove any restriction from shares of Stock previously delivered under the Plan until: (i) the Company is satisfied that all legal matters in connection with the issuance and delivery of such shares have been addressed and resolved; (ii) if the outstanding Stock is at the time of delivery listed on any stock exchange or national market system, the shares to be delivered have been listed or authorized to be listed on such exchange or system upon official notice of issuance; and

(iii) all conditions of the Award have been satisfied or waived. The Company may require, as a condition to the exercise of an Award or the delivery of shares of Stock under an Award, such representations or agreements as counsel for the Company may consider appropriate to avoid violation of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any applicable state or non-U.S. securities law. Any Stock delivered to Participants under the Plan will be evidenced in such manner as the Administrator determines appropriate, including book-entry registration or delivery of stock certificates. In the event that the Administrator determines that stock certificates will be issued in connection with Stock issued under the Plan, the Administrator may require that such certificates bear an appropriate legend reflecting any restriction on transfer applicable to such Stock, and the Company may hold the certificates pending the lapse of the applicable restrictions.

AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION

The Administrator may at any time or times amend the Plan or any outstanding Award for any purpose which may at the time be permitted by applicable law, and may at any time terminate the Plan as to any future grants of Awards; provided, however, that except as otherwise expressly provided in the Plan or the applicable Award, the Administrator may not, without the Participant’s consent, alter the terms of an Award so as to affect materially and adversely the Participant’s rights under the Award, unless the Administrator expressly reserved the right to do so in the Plan or at the time the applicable Award was granted. Any amendments to the Plan will be conditioned upon stockholder approval only to the extent, if any, such approval is required by applicable law (including the Code) or stock exchange requirements, as determined by the Administrator. For the avoidance of doubt, without limiting the Administrator’s rights hereunder, no adjustment to any Award pursuant to the terms of Section 7 or Section 12 will be treated as an amendment requiring a Participant’s consent.

OTHER COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS

The existence of the Plan or the grant of any Award will not affect the right of the Company or any of its subsidiaries to grant any person bonuses or other compensation in addition to Awards under the Plan.

MISCELLANEOUS

Waiver of Jury Trial. By accepting or being deemed to have accepted an Award under the Plan, each Participant waives (or will be deemed to have waived), to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, any right to a trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim concerning any rights under the Plan or any Award, or under any amendment, waiver, consent, instrument, document or other agreement delivered or which in the future may be delivered in connection therewith, and agrees (or will be deemed to have agreed) that any such action, proceedings or counterclaim will be tried before a court and not before a jury. By accepting or being deemed to have accepted an Award under the Plan, each Participant certifies that no officer, representative, or attorney of the Company has represented, expressly or otherwise, that the Company would not, in the event of any action, proceeding or counterclaim, seek to enforce the foregoing waivers. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan, nothing herein is to be construed as limiting the ability of the Company and a Participant to agree

to submit any dispute arising under the terms of the Plan or any Award to binding arbitration or as limiting the ability of the Company to require any individual to agree to submit such disputes to binding arbitration as a condition of receiving an Award hereunder.

Limitation of Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or any Award, neither the Company, nor any of its subsidiaries, nor the Administrator, nor any person acting on behalf of the Company, any of its subsidiaries, or the Administrator, will be liable to any Participant, to any permitted transferee, to the estate or beneficiary of any Participant or any permitted transferee, or to any other person by reason of any acceleration of income, any additional tax, or any penalty, interest or other liability asserted by reason of the failure of an Award to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 or Section 409A or by reason of Section 4999 of the Code, or otherwise asserted with respect to any Award.

Unfunded Plan. The Company’s obligations under the Plan are unfunded, and no Participant will have any right to specific assets of the Company in respect of any Award. Participants will be general unsecured creditors of the Company with respect to any amounts due or payable under the Plan.

ESTABLISHMENT OF SUB-PLANS

The Administrator may at any time and from time to time (including before or after an Award is granted) establish, adopt, or revise any rules and regulations as it may deem necessary or advisable to administer the Plan for Participants based outside of the U.S. and/or subject to the laws of countries other than the U.S., including by establishing one or more sub-plans, supplements or appendices under the Plan or any Award agreement for the purpose of complying or facilitating compliance with non-U.S. laws or taking advantage of tax favorable treatment or for any other legal or administrative reason determined by the Administrator. Any such sub-plan, supplement or appendix may contain, in each case, (i) such limitations on the Administrator’s discretion under the Plan and (ii) such additional or different terms and conditions, as the Administrator deems necessary or desirable and will be deemed to be part of the Plan but will apply only to Participants within the group to which the sub-plan, supplement or appendix applies (as determined by the Administrator); provided, however, that no sub-plan, supplement or appendix, rule or regulation established pursuant to this provision shall increase Share Pool.

GOVERNING LAW

Certain Requirements of Corporate Law. Awards and shares of Stock will be granted, issued and administered consistent with the requirements of applicable Delaware law relating to the issuance of stock and the consideration to be received therefor, and with the applicable requirements of the stock exchanges or other trading systems on which the Stock is listed or entered for trading, in each case as determined by the Administrator.

Other Matters. Except as otherwise provided by the express terms of an Award agreement, under a sub-plan described in Section 12 or as provided in Section 13(a) above, the domestic substantive laws of the State of Delaware govern the provisions of the Plan and of Awards under the Plan and all claims or disputes arising out of or based upon the Plan or any Award under the Plan or relating to the subject matter hereof or thereof without giving effect to

any choice or conflict of laws provision or rule that would cause the application of the domestic substantive laws of any other jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction. Subject to Section 11(a) and except as may be expressly set forth in an Award agreement, by accepting (or being deemed to have accepted) an Award, each Participant agrees or will be deemed to have agreed to (i) submit irrevocably and unconditionally to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the geographic boundaries of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware for the purpose of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon the Plan or any Award; (ii) not commence any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon the Plan or any Award, except in the federal and state courts located within the geographic boundaries of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware; and (iii) waive, and not assert, by way of motion as a defense or otherwise, in any such suit, action or proceeding, any claim that he or she is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts that his or her property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper or that the Plan or any Award or the subject matter thereof may not be enforced in or by such court.

EXHIBIT A

Definition of Terms

The following terms, when used in the Plan, have the meanings and are subject to the provisions set forth below:

“Accounting Rules”: Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or any successor provision.

“Administrator”: The Compensation Committee, except with respect to such matters that are not delegated to the Compensation Committee by the Board (whether pursuant to committee charter or otherwise). The Compensation Committee (or the Board, with respect to such matters over which it retains authority under the Plan or otherwise) may delegate (i) to one or more of its members (or one or more other members of the Board) such of its duties, powers and responsibilities as it may determine; (ii) to one or more officers of the Company the power to grant Awards to the extent permitted by Section 152 or 157(c) of the Delaware General Corporation Law; and (iii) to such Employees or other persons as it determines such ministerial tasks as it deems appropriate. For purposes of the Plan, the term “Administrator” will include the Board, the Compensation Committee, and the person or persons delegated authority under the Plan to the extent of such delegation, as applicable.

“Award”: Any or a combination of the following:

(i) Stock Options.

(ii) SARs.

(iii) Restricted Stock.

(iv) Unrestricted Stock.

(v) Stock Units, including Restricted Stock Units.

(vi) Performance Awards.

(vii) Awards (other than Awards described in (i) through (vi) above) that are convertible into or otherwise based on Stock.

“Board”: The board of directors of the Company.

“Cause”: In the case of any Participant who is party to, or a participant in, an employment, change of control or severance-benefit agreement, plan or policy that contains a definition of “Cause,” the definition set forth in such agreement applies with respect to such Participant for purposes of the Plan for so long as such agreement is in effect. In every other case, “Cause” means, as determined by the Administrator, (i) a substantial failure of the Participant to perform the Participant’s duties and responsibilities to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or substantial negligence in the performance of such duties and responsibilities; (ii)

the commission by the Participant of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude; (iii) the commission by the Participant of theft, fraud, embezzlement, material breach of trust or any material act of dishonesty involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (iv) a significant violation by the Participant of the code of conduct of the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any material policy of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or of any statutory or common law duty of loyalty to the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (v) material breach of any of the terms of the Plan or any Award made under the Plan, or of the terms of any other agreement between the Company or any of its subsidiaries and the Participant; or (vi) other conduct by the Participant that could be expected to be harmful to the business, interests or reputation of the Company.

“Change in Control”: The first to occur of (i) a merger or consolidation of the Company with or into any other corporation or other entity or person; (ii) a sale, lease, exchange or other transfer in one transaction or a series of related transactions of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; or (iii) any other transaction, including without limitation, the sale by the Company of new shares of its capital stock or a transfer of existing shares of capital stock of the Company, the result of which is that a third party that is not an affiliate of the Company or its stockholders (or a group of third parties not affiliated with the Company or its stockholders) immediately prior to such transaction acquires or holds capital stock of the Company representing a majority of the Company’s outstanding voting power immediately following such transaction; provided that the following events will not constitute a “Change in Control”: (A) a transaction (other than a sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets) in which the holders of the voting securities of the Company immediately prior to the merger or consolidation hold, directly or indirectly, a majority of the voting securities in the successor corporation or its parent immediately after the merger or consolidation; (B) a sale, lease, exchange or other disposition in one transaction or a series of related transactions of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to an affiliate of the Company; (C) an initial public offering of, or other financing involving, any of the Company’s securities; (D) a reincorporation of the Company solely to change its jurisdiction; or (E) a transaction undertaken for the primary purpose of creating a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportion by the persons who held the Company’s securities immediately before such transaction.

“Code”: The U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as from time to time amended and in effect, or any successor statute as from time to time in effect, including any applicable regulations and guidance thereunder.

“Company”: Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

“Compensation Committee”: The compensation committee of the Board.

“Covered Transaction”: Any of (i) a consolidation, merger or similar transaction or series of related transactions, including a sale or other disposition of stock, in which the Company is not the surviving corporation or which results in the acquisition of all or substantially all of the Company’s then outstanding common stock by a single person or entity or by a group of persons and/or entities acting in concert, (ii) a sale or transfer of all or substantially all the Company’s assets, or (iii) a dissolution or liquidation of the Company. Where a Covered Transaction involves a tender offer that is reasonably expected to be followed by a merger

described in clause (i) (as determined by the Administrator), the Covered Transaction will be deemed to have occurred upon consummation of the tender offer.

“Date of Adoption”: The earlier of the date the Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders or adopted by the Board, as determined by the Compensation Committee.

“Director”: A member of the Board who is not an Employee.

“Disability”: In the case of any Participant who is party to an employment, change of control or severance-benefit agreement that contains a definition of “Disability” (or a corollary term), the definition set forth in such agreement applies with respect to such Participant for purposes of the Plan for so long as such agreement is in effect. In every other case, “Disability” means, as determined by the Administrator, absence from work due to a disability for a period in excess of 90 days in any 12-month period that would entitle the Participant to receive benefits under the Company’s long-term disability program as in effect from time to time (if the Participant were a participant in such program).

“Employee”: Any person who is employed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

“Employment”: A Participant’s employment or other service relationship with the Company or any of its subsidiaries. Employment will be deemed to continue, unless the Administrator otherwise determines, so long as the Participant is employed by, or otherwise is providing services in a capacity described in Section 5 to, the Company or any of its subsidiaries. If a Participant’s employment or other service relationship is with any subsidiary of the Company and that entity ceases to be a subsidiary of the Company, the Participant’s Employment will be deemed to have terminated when the entity ceases to be a subsidiary of the Company unless the Participant transfers Employment to the Company or one of its remaining subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in construing the provisions of any Award relating to the payment of “nonqualified deferred compensation” (subject to Section 409A) upon a termination or cessation of Employment, references to termination or cessation of employment, separation from service, retirement or similar or correlative terms will be construed to require a “separation from service” (as that term is defined in Section 1.409A-1(h) of the Treasury Regulations, after giving effect to the presumptions contained therein) from the Company and from all other corporations and trades or businesses, if any, that would be treated as a single “service recipient” with the Company under Section 1.409A-1(h)(3) of the Treasury Regulations. The Company may, but need not, elect in writing, subject to the applicable limitations under Section 409A, any of the special elective rules prescribed in Section 1.409A-1(h) of the Treasury Regulations for purposes of determining whether a “separation from service” has occurred. Any such written election will be deemed a part of the Plan.

“Exchange Act”: The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Fair Market Value”: As of a particular date, (i) the closing price for a share of Stock reported on the Nasdaq Global Stock Market (or any other national securities exchange on which the Stock is then listed) for that date or, if no closing price is reported for that date, the closing price on the immediately preceding date on which a closing price was reported or (ii) in the event that the Stock is not traded on a national securities exchange, the fair market value of a share of

Stock determined by the Administrator consistent with the rules of Section 422 and Section 409A to the extent applicable.

“ISO”: A Stock Option intended to be an “incentive stock option” within the meaning of Section 422. Each Stock Option granted pursuant to the Plan will be treated as providing by its terms that it is to be an NSO unless, as of the date of grant, it is expressly designated as an ISO in the applicable Award agreement.

“NSO”: A Stock Option that is not intended to be an “incentive stock option” within the meaning of Section 422.

“Participant”: A person who is granted an Award under the Plan.

“Performance Award”: An Award subject to performance vesting conditions, which may include Performance Criteria.

“Performance Criteria”: Specified criteria, other than the mere continuation of Employment or the mere passage of time, the satisfaction of which is a condition for the grant, exercisability, vesting or full enjoyment of an Award. A Performance Criterion and any targets with respect thereto need not be based upon an increase, a positive or improved result or avoidance of loss and may be applied to a Participant individually, or to a business unit or division of the Company or to the Company as a whole. A Performance Criterion may also be based on individual performance and/or subjective performance criteria. The Administrator may provide that one or more of the Performance Criteria applicable to such Award will be adjusted in a manner to reflect events (for example, but without limitation, acquisitions or dispositions) occurring during the performance period that affect the applicable Performance Criterion or Criteria.

“Plan”: The Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, as from time to time amended and in effect.

“Prior Plan”: The Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended.

“Restricted Stock”: Stock subject to restrictions requiring that it be forfeited, redelivered or offered for sale to the Company if specified performance or other vesting conditions are not satisfied.

“Restricted Stock Unit”: A Stock Unit that is, or as to which the delivery of Stock or of cash in lieu of Stock is, subject to the satisfaction of specified performance or other vesting conditions.

“SAR”: A right entitling the holder upon exercise to receive an amount (payable in cash or in shares of Stock of equivalent value) equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value of the shares of Stock subject to the right over the base value from which appreciation under the SAR is to be measured.

“Section 409A”: Section 409A of the Code and the regulations thereunder.

“Section 422”: Section 422 of the Code and the regulations thereunder.

“Stock”: Common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share.

“Stock Option”: An option entitling the holder to acquire shares of Stock upon payment of the exercise price.

“Stock Unit”: An unfunded and unsecured promise, denominated in shares of Stock, to deliver Stock or cash measured by the value of Stock in the future.

“Substitute Awards”: Awards granted under the Plan in substitution for one or more equity awards of an acquired company that are converted, replaced or adjusted in connection with the acquisition.

“Unrestricted Stock”: Stock not subject to any restrictions under the terms of the Award.

Exhibit 10.3

As amended as of May 23, 2023

Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Defined Terms

Exhibit A, which is incorporated by reference, defines the terms used in the Plan and sets forth certain operational rules related to those terms.

Purpose of Plan

The Plan is intended to enable Eligible Employees to use payroll deductions to purchase shares of Stock in offerings under the Plan, and thereby acquire an interest in the Company. The Plan is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 and to be exempt from the application and requirements of Section 409A of the Code, and is to be construed accordingly.

Options to Purchase Stock

Subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 16 of the Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Stock available for purchase pursuant to the exercise of Options granted under the Plan will be 23,076 shares (the “Initial Share Pool”). The Initial Share Pool will automatically increase on January 1^st of each year from 2021 to 2030 by the lesser of (i) one percent (1%) of the number of shares of Stock outstanding as of the close of business on the immediately preceding December 31^st and (ii) the number of shares of Stock determined by the Board on or prior to such date for such year, up to a maximum of 246,153 shares in the aggregate (the Initial Share Pool, as it may be so increased, the “Share Pool”). The shares of Stock to be delivered upon exercise of Options under the Plan may be either shares of authorized but unissued Stock, treasury Stock, or previously issued Stock acquired by the Company. If any Option granted under the Plan expires or terminates for any reason without having been exercised in full or ceases for any reason to be exercisable in whole or in part, the unpurchased shares of Stock subject to such Option will not reduce the Share Pool and will again be available for purchase under the Plan. If, on an Exercise Date, the total number of shares of Stock that would otherwise be subject to Options granted under the Plan exceeds the number of shares then available in the Share Pool, the Administrator shall make a pro rata allocation of the shares remaining available for purchase under the Plan in as uniform a manner as is practicable and as it determines to be equitable. In such event, the Administrator shall notify each Participant of such reduction and of the effect on the Participant’s Options and may reduce the rate of a Participant’s payroll deductions, if necessary.

Eligibility

Eligibility Requirements. Subject to Section 13 of the Plan, and the exceptions and limitations set forth in Section 4(b), Section 4(c), and Section 6 of the Plan, or as may be

provided elsewhere in the Plan or in any sub-plan contemplated by Section 23, each Employee (i) who has been continuously employed by the Company or a Designated Subsidiary, as applicable, for a period of at least ninety (90) calendar days as of the first day of an Option Period, (ii) whose customary Employment with the Company or a Designated Subsidiary, as applicable, is for more than five (5) months per calendar year, (iii) who customarily works twenty (20) hours or more per week, and (iv) who satisfies the requirements set forth in the Plan will be an Eligible Employee.

Five Percent Shareholders. No Employee may be granted an Option under the Plan if, immediately after the Option is granted, the Employee would own (or pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code would be deemed to own) stock possessing five percent (5%) or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of stock of the Company or of its Parent or Subsidiaries, if any.

Additional Requirements. The Administrator may, for Option Periods that have not yet commenced, establish additional or other eligibility requirements, or amend the eligibility requirements set forth in subsection (a) above, in each case, consistent with the requirements of Section 423.

Option Periods

The Plan will generally be implemented by a series of separate offerings referred to as “Option Periods”. Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, the Option Periods will be successive periods of approximately six (6) months commencing on the first Business Day in January and July of each year, anticipated to be on or around January 1 and July 1, and ending approximately six months later on the last Business Day in June or December, as applicable, of each year, anticipated to be on or around June 30 and December 31. The last Business Day of each Option Period will be an “Exercise Date”. The Administrator may change the Exercise Date, the commencement date, the ending date and the duration of each Option Period, in each case, to the extent permitted by Section 423; provided, however, that no Option may be exercised after 27 months from its grant date.

Option Grant

Subject to the requirements and limitations set forth in Sections 4 and 10 of the Plan and the Maximum Share Limit, on the first day of an Option Period, each Participant will automatically be granted an Option to purchase shares of Stock on the Exercise Date; provided, however, that no Participant will be granted an Option under the Plan that permits the Participant’s right to purchase shares of Stock under the Plan and under all other employee stock purchase plans of the Company and its Parent and Subsidiaries, if any, to accrue at a rate that exceeds $25,000 in Fair Market Value (or such other maximum as may be prescribed from time to time by the Code) for each calendar year during which any Option granted to such Participant is outstanding at any time, as determined in accordance with Section 423(b)(8) of the Code.

Method of Participation

Payroll Deduction and Participation Authorization. To participate in an Option Period, an Eligible Employee must execute and deliver to the Administrator a payroll deduction and

participation authorization form in accordance with the procedures prescribed by, and in a form acceptable to, the Administrator and, in so doing, the Eligible Employee will thereby become a Participant as of the first day of such Option Period. Such an Eligible Employee will remain a Participant with respect to subsequent Option Periods until his or her participation in the Plan is terminated as provided herein. Such payroll deduction and participation authorization must be delivered not later than fourteen (14) calendar days prior to the first day of an Option Period, or such other time as specified by the Administrator.

Changes to Payroll Deduction Authorization for Subsequent Option Periods. A Participant’s payroll deduction authorization will remain in effect for subsequent Option Periods unless the Participant files a new authorization not later than fourteen (14) calendar days prior to the first day of the subsequent Option Period (or such other time as specified by the Administrator) or the Participant’s Option is cancelled pursuant to Section 13 or Section 14 of the Plan.

Changes to Payroll Deduction Authorization for Current Option Period. During an Option Period, a Participant’s payroll deduction authorization may not be increased or decreased, except that a Participant may terminate his or her payroll deduction authorization by canceling his or her Option in accordance with Section 13 of the Plan.

Payroll Deduction Percentage. Each payroll deduction authorization will authorize payroll deductions as a whole percentage from 1% to 15% of the employee’s Eligible Compensation per payroll period.

Payroll Deduction Account. All payroll deductions made pursuant to this Section 7 will be credited to the Participant’s Account. Amounts credited to a Participant’s Account will not be required to be set aside in trust or otherwise segregated from the Company’s general assets.

Method of Payment

A Participant must pay for shares of Stock purchased under the Plan with accumulated payroll deductions credited to the Participant’s Account.

Purchase Price

The Purchase Price of shares of Stock issued pursuant to the exercise of an Option on each Exercise Date will be eighty-five percent (85%) (or such greater percentage specified by the Administrator to the extent permitted under Section 423) of the lesser of (a) the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date on which the Option was granted pursuant to Section 6 of the Plan (i.e., the first day of the Option Period) and (b) the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date on which the Option is deemed exercised pursuant to Section 10 of the Plan (i.e., the Exercise Date).

Exercise of Options

Purchase of Shares. Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6 of the Plan and this Section 10, with respect to each Option Period, on the applicable Exercise Date, each Participant will be deemed to have exercised his or her Option and the accumulated payroll deductions in the

Participant’s Account will be applied to purchase the greatest number of shares of Stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) that can be purchased with such Account balance at the applicable Purchase Price; provided, however, that no more than 269 shares of Stock may be purchased by a Participant on any Exercise Date, or such lesser number as the Administrator may prescribe in accordance with Section 423 (the “Maximum Share Limit”). As soon as practicable thereafter, shares of Stock so purchased will be placed, in book-entry form, into a record keeping account in the name of the Participant. No fractional shares will be purchased pursuant to the exercise of an Option under the Plan; any accumulated payroll deductions in a Participant’s Account that are not sufficient to purchase a whole share will be retained in the Participant’s Account for the subsequent Option Period, subject to earlier withdrawal by the Participant as provided in Section 13 hereof.

Return of Account Balance. Except as provided in Section 10(a) above with respect to fractional shares, any accumulated amount of payroll deductions in a Participant’s Account for an Option Period that are not used for the purchase of shares of Stock, whether because of the Participant’s withdrawal from participation in an Option Period or for any other reason, will be returned to the Participant (or his or her designated beneficiary or legal representative, as applicable), without interest, as soon as administratively practicable after such withdrawal or other event, as applicable. If the Participant’s accumulated payroll deductions on the Exercise Date of an Option Period would otherwise enable the Participant to purchase shares of Stock in excess of the Maximum Share Limit or the maximum Fair Market Value set forth in Section 6 of the Plan, the excess of the amount of the accumulated payroll deductions over the aggregate Purchase Price of the shares of Stock actually purchased will be returned to the Participant, without interest, as soon as administratively practicable after such Exercise Date.

Interest

No interest will accrue or be payable on any amount held in the Account of any Participant.

Taxes

Payroll deductions will be made on an after-tax basis. The Administrator will have the right to make such provision as it deems necessary for, and may condition the exercise of an Option on, the satisfaction of its obligations to withhold federal, state, local income or other taxes incurred by reason of the purchase or disposition of shares of Stock under the Plan. In the Administrator’s discretion and subject to applicable law, such tax obligations may be satisfied in whole or in part by delivery of shares of Stock to the Company, including shares of Stock purchased under the Plan, valued at Fair Market Value, but not in excess of the maximum withholding amount consistent with the award being subject to equity accounting treatment under the Accounting Rules.

Cancellation and Withdrawal

A Participant who has been granted an Option under the Plan may cancel all (but not less than all) of such Option and terminate his or her participation in the Plan by notice to the Administrator in accordance with the procedures prescribed by, and in a form acceptable to, the

Administrator. To be effective with respect to an upcoming Exercise Date, such cancellation notice must be delivered not later than fourteen (14) calendar days prior to such Exercise Date (or such other time as specified by the Administrator). Upon such termination and cancellation, the balance in the Participant’s Account will be returned to the Participant, without interest, as soon as administratively practicable thereafter. For the avoidance of doubt, a Participant who reduces his or her withholding rate for a future Option Period to 0% pursuant to Section 7 of the Plan will be deemed to have terminated his or her payroll deduction authorization and canceled his or her participation in the Plan as to such Option Period and all future Option Periods, unless the Participant delivers a new payroll deduction authorization for a subsequent Option Period in accordance with the rules of Section 7(b) of the Plan.

Termination of Employment; Death of Participant

Upon the termination of a Participant’s employment with the Company or a Designated Subsidiary, as applicable, for any reason (including the death of a Participant during an Option Period prior to an Exercise Date) or in the event the Participant ceases to qualify as an Eligible Employee, the Participant will cease to be a Participant, any Option held by the Participant under the Plan will be canceled, the balance in the Participant’s Account will be returned to the Participant (or his or her estate or designated beneficiary in the event of the Participant’s death), without interest, as soon as administratively practicable thereafter, and the Participant will have no further rights under the Plan.

Equal Rights; Participant’s Rights Not Transferable

All Participants granted Options in an offering under the Plan will have the same rights and privileges, consistent with the requirements set forth in Section 423. Any Option granted under the Plan will be exercisable during the Participant’s lifetime only by him or her and may not be sold, pledged, assigned, or transferred in any manner. In the event any Participant violates or attempts to violate the terms of this Section 15, as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion, any Options granted to the Participant under the Plan may be terminated by the Company and, upon the return to the Participant of the balance of his or her Account, without interest, all of the Participant’s rights under the Plan will terminate.

Change in Capitalization; Corporate Transaction

Change in Capitalization. In the event of a stock dividend, stock split or combination of shares (including a reverse stock split), recapitalization or other change in the Company’s capital structure that constitutes an equity restructuring within the meaning of the Accounting Rules, the Administrator shall make appropriate adjustments to the aggregate number and type of shares of stock available under the Plan, the number and type of shares of stock granted under any outstanding Options, the maximum number and type of shares of stock purchasable under any outstanding Option, and/or the Purchase Price under any outstanding Option, in any case, in a manner that complies with Section 423.

Corporate Transaction. In the event of a sale of all or substantially all of the Stock or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or a merger or similar transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation or that results in the acquisition of the

Company by another person, the Administrator may, in its discretion, (i) if the Company is merged with or acquired by another corporation, provide that each outstanding Option will be assumed or exchanged for a substitute Option granted by the acquiror or successor corporation or by a parent or subsidiary of the acquiror or successor corporation, (ii) cancel each outstanding Option and return the balances in Participants’ Accounts to the Participants, and/or (iii) pursuant to Section 18 of the Plan, terminate the Option Period on or before the date of the proposed sale, merger or similar transaction.

Administration

The Plan will be administered by the Administrator. The Administrator has discretionary authority, subject only to the express provisions of the Plan, to administer and interpret the Plan; to determine eligibility under the Plan; to prescribe forms, rules and procedures relating to the Plan; and to otherwise do all things necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of the Plan. Determinations of the Administrator made with respect to the Plan are conclusive and bind all persons.

The Administrator may specify the manner in which the Company and/or Employees are to provide notices and forms under the Plan, and may require that such notices and forms be submitted electronically.

Amendment and Termination of Plan

Amendment. The Administrator reserves the right at any time or times to amend the Plan to any extent and in any manner it may deem advisable; provided, however, that any amendment that would be treated as the adoption of a new plan for purposes of Section 423 will have no force or effect unless approved by the shareholders of the Company within twelve (12) months before or after its adoption.

Termination. The Administrator reserves the right at any time or times to suspend or terminate the Plan. In connection therewith, the Administrator may provide, in its sole discretion, either that outstanding Options will be exercisable on the Exercise Date for the applicable Option Period or on such earlier date as the Administrator may specify (in which case such earlier date will be treated as the Exercise Date for the applicable Option Period), or that the balance of each Participant’s Account will be returned to the Participant, without interest.

Approvals

Shareholder approval of the Plan will be obtained prior to the date that is twelve (12) months after the date of Board approval. In the event that the Plan has not been approved by the shareholders of the Company prior to November 25, 2021, all Options to purchase shares of Stock under the Plan will be cancelled and become null and void.

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the obligation of the Company to issue and deliver shares of Stock under the Plan will be subject to the approval required of any governmental authority in connection with the authorization, issuance, sale or transfer of such shares of Stock and to any requirements of any national securities exchange applicable thereto,

and to compliance by the Company with other applicable legal requirements in effect from time to time.

Participants’ Rights as Shareholders and Employees

A Participant will have no rights or privileges as a shareholder of the Company and will not receive any dividends in respect of any shares of Stock covered by an Option granted hereunder until such Option has been exercised, full payment has been made for such shares, and the shares have been issued to the Participant.

Nothing contained in the provisions of the Plan will be construed as giving to any Employee the right to be retained in the employ of the Company or any Designated Subsidiary or as interfering with the right of the Company or any Designated Subsidiary to discharge, promote, demote or otherwise re-assign any Employee from one position to another within the Company or any Designated Subsidiary at any time.

Restrictions on Transfer; Information Regarding Disqualifying Dispositions.

Restrictions on Transfer. Shares of Stock purchased under the Plan may not be transferred, sold, pledged or alienated by a Participant, other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, for a period of three months following the date on which such shares of Stock were purchased, or such other period as may be determined by the Administrator.

Disqualifying Dispositions. By electing to participate in the Plan, each Participant agrees to provide such information about any transfer of Stock acquired under the Plan that occurs within two years after the first day of the Option Period in which such Stock was acquired and within one year after the day such Stock was purchased as may be requested by the Company or any Designated Subsidiary in order to assist it in complying with applicable tax laws.

Miscellaneous

Waiver of Jury Trial. By electing to participate in the Plan, each Participant waives (or will be deemed to have waived), to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, any right to a trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim concerning any rights under the Plan or with respect to any Option, or under any amendment, waiver, consent, instrument, document or other agreement delivered or which in the future may be delivered in connection therewith, and agrees (or will be deemed to have agreed) that any such action, proceedings or counterclaim will be tried before a court and not before a jury. By electing to participate in the Plan, each Participant certifies that no officer, representative, or attorney of the Company has represented, expressly or otherwise, that the Company would not, in the event of any action, proceeding or counterclaim, seek to enforce the foregoing waivers. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan, nothing herein is to be construed as limiting the ability of the Company and a Participant to agree to submit any dispute arising under the terms of the Plan or in respect of any Option to binding arbitration or as limiting the ability of the Company to require any individual to agree to submit such disputes to binding arbitration as a condition of receiving an Option hereunder.

Limitation of Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan, neither the Company, nor any of its subsidiaries, nor the Administrator, nor any person acting on behalf of the Company, any of its subsidiaries, or the Administrator, will be liable to any Participant, to any permitted transferee, to the estate or beneficiary of any Participant or any permitted transferee, or to any other person by reason of any acceleration of income, any additional tax, or any penalty, interest or other liability asserted by reason of the failure of the Plan or any Option to satisfy the requirements of Section 423, or otherwise asserted with respect to the Plan or any Option.

Unfunded Plan. The Company’s obligations under the Plan are unfunded, and no Participant will have any right to specific assets of the Company in respect of any Option. Participants will be general unsecured creditors of the Company with respect to any amounts due or payable under the Plan.

Establishment of Sub-Plans

Notwithstanding the foregoing or any provision of the Plan to the contrary, consistent with the requirements of Section 423, the Administrator may, in its sole discretion, amend the terms of the Plan, or an offering and/or provide for separate offerings under the Plan in order to, among other things, reflect the impact of local law outside of the United States as applied to one or more Eligible Employees of a Designated Subsidiary and may, where appropriate, establish one or more sub-plans to reflect such amended provisions.

Governing Law

Certain Requirements of Corporate Law. Options and shares of Stock will be granted, issued and administered consistent with the requirements of applicable Delaware law relating to the issuance of stock and the consideration to be received therefor, and with the applicable requirements of the stock exchanges or other trading systems on which the Stock is listed or entered for trading, in each case as determined by the Administrator.

Other Matters. Except as otherwise provided by the express terms of a sub-plan described in Section 23 or as provided in Section 24(a), the domestic substantive laws of the State of Delaware govern the provisions of the Plan and of Options under the Plan and all claims or disputes arising out of or based upon the Plan or any Option or relating to the subject matter hereof or thereof without giving effect to any choice or conflict of laws provision or rule that would cause the application of the domestic substantive laws of any other jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction. By electing to participant in the Plan, each Participant agrees or will be deemed to have agreed to (i) submit irrevocably and unconditionally to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the geographic boundaries of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware for the purpose of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon the Plan or any Option; (ii) not commence any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon the Plan or any Option, except in the federal and state courts located within the geographic boundaries of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware; and (iii) waive, and not assert, by way of motion as a defense or otherwise, in any such suit, action or proceeding, any claim that he or she is not subject personally to the

jurisdiction of the above-named courts that his or her property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper or that the Plan or any Option or the subject matter thereof may not be enforced in or by such court.

Effective Date and Term

The Plan will become effective upon adoption of the Plan by the Board and no rights will be granted hereunder after the earliest to occur of (a) the Plan’s termination by the Company, (b) the issuance of all shares of Stock available for issuance under the Plan or (c) the day before the 10-year anniversary of the date the Board approves the Plan.

EXHIBIT A

Definition of Terms

The following terms, when used in the Plan, will have the meanings and be subject to the provisions set forth below:

“401(k) Plan”: A savings plan qualifying under Section 401(k) of the Code that is sponsored by the Company or one of its Subsidiaries for the benefit of its employees.

“Account”: A notional payroll deduction account maintained in the Participant’s name on the books of the Company.

“Accounting Rules”: Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or any successor provision.

“Administrator”: The Compensation Committee of the Board, except that the Compensation Committee may delegate its authority under the Plan to a sub-committee comprised of one or more of its members, to members of the Board, or to officers or employees of the Company to the extent permitted by applicable law. In each case, references herein to the Administrator refer, as applicable, to such persons or groups so delegated to the extent of such delegation.

“Board”: The board of directors of the Company.

“Business Day”: Any day on which the established national exchange or trading system (including the Nasdaq Global Stock Market) on which the Stock is traded is available and open for trading.

“Company”: Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

“Designated Subsidiary”: A Subsidiary of the Company that has been designated by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board from time to time as eligible to participate in the Plan. For the avoidance of doubt, any Subsidiary of the Company, whether or not a Subsidiary on the Effective Date, shall be eligible to be designated as a Designated Subsidiary hereunder.

“Effective Date”: The date set forth in Section 25 of the Plan.

“Eligible Compensation”: Regular base salary, regular base wages, overtime payments, annual bonuses, commissions and sales incentives (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any long-term or equity-based incentive payments or awards). Eligible Compensation will not be reduced by any income or employment tax withholdings or any contributions by the Employee to

a 401(k) Plan or a plan under Section 125 of the Code, but will be reduced by any contributions made on the Employee’s behalf by the Company or any Subsidiary to any deferred compensation plan or welfare benefit program now or hereafter established.

“Eligible Employee”: Any Employee who meets the eligibility requirements set forth in Section 4 of the Plan.

“Employee”: Any person who is employed by the Company or a Designated Subsidiary. For the avoidance of doubt, independent contractors and consultants are not “Employees”.

“Exercise Date”: The date set forth in Section 5 of the Plan or otherwise designated by the Administrator with respect to a particular Option Period on which a Participant will be deemed to have exercised the Option granted to him or her for such Option Period.

“Fair Market Value”:

(a) If the Stock is readily traded on an established national exchange or trading system (including the Nasdaq Global Stock Market), the closing price of a share of Stock as reported by the principal exchange on which such Stock is traded; provided, however, that if such day is not a trading day, Fair Market Value will mean the reported closing price of a share of Stock for the immediately preceding day that is a trading day.

(b) If the Stock is not traded on an established national exchange or trading system, the average of the bid and ask prices for shares Stock where the bid and ask prices are quoted.

(c) If the Stock cannot be valued pursuant to clauses (a) or (b), the value as determined in good faith by the Board in its sole discretion.

“Maximum Share Limit”: The meaning set forth in Section 10 of the Plan.

“Option”: An option granted pursuant to the Plan entitling the holder to acquire shares of Stock upon payment of the Purchase Price per share of Stock.

“Option Period”: An offering period established in accordance with Section 5 of the Plan.

“Parent”: A “parent corporation” as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code.

“Participant”: An Eligible Employee who elects to participate in an Option Period under the Plan.

“Plan”: The Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as from time to time amended and in effect.

“Purchase Price”: The price per share of Stock with respect to an Option Period determined in accordance with Section 9 of the Plan.

“Section 423”: Section 423 of the Code and the regulations thereunder.

“Stock”: Common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share.

“Subsidiary”: A “subsidiary corporation” as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.

Exhibit 10.4

As amended as of May 23, 2023

Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.

Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy

Effective as of the initial public offering (the “IPO”) of the common stock of Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”), each individual who provides services to the Company as a director, other than a director who is employed by the Company or a subsidiary (a “Non-Employee Director”), shall be entitled to receive the following compensation, subject to the limitations on annual Non-Employee Director compensation set forth in the Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan:

Type of Compensation	Amount and Form of Payment
Annual cash fee	$35,000 ($65,000 for the chairman of the Board of Directors (the “Board”))
Additional annual cash fee for members of the Audit Committee	$7,500 ($15,000 for the Audit Committee chairman)
Additional annual cash fee for members of the Compensation Committee	$5,000 ($10,000 for the Compensation Committee chairman)
Additional annual cash fee for members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee	$4,000 ($8,000 for the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee chairman)
Equity compensation	Each Non-Employee Director who is first elected or appointed to the Board following the IPO shall, upon his or her initial election or appointment to the Board, be granted an option to purchase 1,367 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Initial Option”), such option to vest as to one-third of the shares subject to the option on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the Non-Employee Director’s continued service to the Board through each applicable vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event will the Initial Option have a grant date fair value, determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 (or any successor provision) (“ASC Topic 718”), that exceeds $600,000. On the date of the first meeting of the Board following each annual meeting of stockholders of the Company, each Non-Employee Director who has then served as a member of the Board for at least a six (6)-month period prior to such meeting

will be granted an option to purchase 683 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Annual Option”), such option to vest in full on the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the Non-Employee Director’s continued service to the Board through the applicable vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event will the Annual Option have a grant date fair value, determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 (or any successor provision) (“ASC Topic 718”), that exceeds $300,000.

Each option granted to any Non-Employee Director will have a per-share exercise price equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, have a term of no more than ten (10) years and will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (or any successor plan). Upon a Change in Control (as defined in the Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (or as such term or similar term is defined in any successor plan)), each Initial Option and each Annual Option that is then outstanding will vest in full, subject to the Non-Employee Director’s continued service to the Board through such Change in Control.

All cash fees shall be payable in arrears on a quarterly basis or upon the earlier resignation or removal of the Non-Employee Director and shall be prorated for any calendar quarter of partial service, based on the number of calendar days the Non-Employee Director was a member of the Board. For the calendar quarter during which the IPO occurs, all annual cash fees shall be prorated based on the number of calendar days the Non-Employee Director was a member of the Board following the IPO.

In addition, Non-Employee Directors will be reimbursed by the Company for reasonable travel and other expenses incurred in connection with the Non-Employee Director’s attendance at Board and committee meetings, in accordance with the Company’s policies as in effect from time to time.

For the avoidance of doubt, directors who are employees of the Company or one of its subsidiaries will not receive compensation for their service as a director.

The Board (or the compensation committee thereof) may amend this Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy at any time.

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Rogerio Vivaldi Coelho, certify that:


	1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


	3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


	a.	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


	d.	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report), that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


	a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and



	b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


Date: August 7, 2023		By:	/s/ Rogerio Vivaldi Coelho, M.D.
			Rogerio Vivaldi Coelho, M.D. President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

I, Josias Pontes, certify that:


	1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.;


	3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


	a.	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


	d.	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report), that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and


	a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and



	b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


Date: August 7, 2023		By:	/s/ Josias Pontes
			Josias Pontes Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF CEO AND CFO PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the company, hereby certifies, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, that to the best of his knowledge:


	(1)	the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.



Date: August 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Rogerio Vivaldi Coelho, M.D.
		Rogerio Vivaldi Coelho, M.D. President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)



Date: August 7, 2023	By:	/s/ Josias Pontes
		Josias Pontes Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Aug. 01, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Registrant Name	Sigilon Therapeutics, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity File Number	001-39746
Entity Tax Identification Number	47-4005543
Entity Address, Address Line One	100 Binney Street, Suite 600
Entity Address, City or Town	Cambridge
Entity Address State Or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	02142
City Area Code	617
Local Phone Number	336-7540
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	SGTX
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,514,498
Entity Central Index Key	0001821323
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 19,621	$ 42,066
Marketable securities	15,279	27,560
Accounts receivable	4,495	2,171
Unbilled accounts receivable	2,363	1,287
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,860	1,077
Restricted cash, current portion	250	250
Total current assets	44,868	74,411
Property and equipment, net	2,589	2,854
Rightofuse assets	7,062	8,979
Restricted cash	1,040	1,034
Total assets	55,559	87,278
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,110	936
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	5,835	6,021
Lease liabilities, current portion	4,523	4,485
Current portion of longterm debt		6,667
Deferred revenue from related party, current portion	13,779	12,885
Total current liabilities	25,247	30,994
Lease liability, net of current portion	2,865	4,888
Longterm debt, net of discount and current portion		12,021
Other liabilities		233
Total liabilities	28,112	48,136
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 175,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 2,502,084 and 2,497,429 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	3	3
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Additional paid-in capital	299,305	296,368
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(177)	(429)
Accumulated deficit	(271,684)	(256,800)
Total stockholders' equity	27,447	39,142
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 55,559	$ 87,278

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Common stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	175,000,000	175,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	2,502,084	2,497,429
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,502,084	2,497,429
Preferred Stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	25,000,000	25,000,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	0	0
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0	0

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Revenue
Collaboration revenue	$ 5,900	$ 2,883	$ 10,758	$ 6,048
Operating expenses:
Research and development	7,451	11,877	15,233	23,495
General and administrative	5,884	5,042	10,207	10,066
Total operating expenses	13,335	16,919	25,440	33,561
Loss from operations	(7,435)	(14,036)	(14,682)	(27,513)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income	433	178	909	242
Interest expense	(310)	(543)	(921)	(1,034)
Other income, net	81	55	85	100
Loss on extinguishment from debt	(275)		(275)
Total other income (expense), net	(71)	(310)	(202)	(692)
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	$ (7,506)	$ (14,346)	$ (14,884)	$ (28,205)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders-basic (in dollars per share)	$ (3.00)	$ (5.76)	$ (5.95)	$ (11.32)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders-diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (3.00)	$ (5.76)	$ (5.95)	$ (11.32)
Weighted average common stock outstanding-basic (in shares)	2,501,900	2,492,251	2,499,701	2,490,779
Weighted average common stock outstanding-diluted (in shares)	2,501,900	2,492,251	2,499,701	2,490,779
Other comprehensive gain (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable debt securities	$ 96	$ (167)	$ 252	$ (546)
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)	96	(167)	252	(546)
Total comprehensive loss	$ (7,410)	$ (14,513)	$ (14,632)	$ (28,751)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stock and Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 3	$ 290,406	$ (10)	$ (213,239)	$ 77,160
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	2,489,222
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		1			1
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	64
Issuance of ESPP shares		47			47
Issuance of ESPP shares (in shares)	2,963
Stockbased compensation expense		1,618			1,618
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities			(379)		(379)
Net loss				(13,859)	(13,859)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 3	292,072	(389)	(227,098)	64,588
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	2,492,249
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 3	290,406	(10)	(213,239)	77,160
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	2,489,222
Net loss					(28,205)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 3	293,803	(556)	(241,444)	51,806
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	2,492,249
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 3	290,406	(10)	(213,239)	77,160
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	2,489,222
Net loss					(43,600)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 3	296,368	(429)	(256,800)	39,142
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	2,497,429
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 3	292,072	(389)	(227,098)	64,588
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	2,492,249
Stockbased compensation expense		1,731			1,731
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities			(167)		(167)
Net loss				(14,346)	(14,346)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 3	293,803	(556)	(241,444)	51,806
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	2,492,249
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 3	296,368	(429)	(256,800)	39,142
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	2,497,429
Issuance of ESPP shares		25			25
Issuance of ESPP shares (in shares)	4,467
Stockbased compensation expense		1,349			1,349
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities			156		156
Net loss				(7,378)	(7,378)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 3	297,742	(273)	(264,178)	33,294
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	2,501,896
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 3	296,368	(429)	(256,800)	$ 39,142
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	2,497,429
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)					188
Net loss					$ (14,884)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 3	299,305	(177)	(271,684)	27,447
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	2,502,084
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 3	297,742	(273)	(264,178)	33,294
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	2,501,896
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		4			4
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	188
Stockbased compensation expense		1,559			1,559
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities			96		96
Net loss				(7,506)	(7,506)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 3	$ 299,305	$ (177)	$ (271,684)	$ 27,447
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	2,502,084

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (14,884)	$ (28,205)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	625	633
Gain on disposal of fixed assets	(10)	(20)
Stockbased compensation expense	2,908	3,349
Noncash lease expense	1,917	2,114
Noncash interest expense	77	140
Loss on debt extinguishment	275
Amortization of (discount) premium on marketable securities	(39)	45
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(2,324)	36
Unbilled accounts receivable	(1,076)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(1,782)	(873)
Accounts payable	205	(1,095)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(126)	(2,374)
Other liabilities	(233)	281
Lease liabilities	(1,985)	(2,256)
Deferred revenue	894	(6,044)
Net cash used in operating activities	(15,558)	(34,269)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities	(6,892)	(41,040)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	19,464	3,000
Purchase of property and equipment	(490)	(506)
Proceed from the sale of fixed assets	48	169
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	12,130	(38,377)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of debt	(19,040)
Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options and employee equity plans	29	48
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(19,011)	48
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(22,439)	(72,598)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	43,350	108,511
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	20,911	35,913
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	841	888
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities:
Gain on trade-in of fixed assets	40
Sale of property and equipment in prepaid expenses and other current assets	1
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 21	5
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities		$ 68

Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

1. Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

Proposed Acquisition by Eli Lilly and Company

The Merger Agreement also contains customary termination provisions for both Lilly and us and, under certain circumstances, may require us to pay Lilly a termination fee of $1.3 million.

Basis of Presentation

Reverse Stock Split

Going Concern

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

Concentration of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities

Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities

3. Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities

Value Measurements

where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 financial assets.

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Fair value measurements as of
	June 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	13,437	$	—	$	—	$	13,437
U.S. Treasuries		—		2,969		—		2,969
Total cash equivalents		13,437		2,969		—		16,406
Marketable securities
Corporate bonds		—		8,332		—		8,332
U.S. Treasuries		—		6,947		—		6,947
Total marketable securities		—		15,279		—		15,279
Total	$	13,437	$	18,248	$	—	$	31,685


	Fair value measurements as of
	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	29,310	$	—	$	—	$	29,310
Commercial paper		—		1,994		—		1,994
U.S. Government Agencies		—		4,999		—		4,999
Total cash equivalents		29,310		6,993		—		36,303
Marketable securities
Corporate bonds		—		21,594		—		21,594
Commercial paper		—		1,738		—		1,738
U.S. Government Agencies		—		1,235		—		1,235
U.S. Treasuries		—		2,993		—		2,993
Total marketable securities		—		27,560		—		27,560
Total	$	29,310	$	34,553	$	—	$	63,863

Marketable Securities

The following tables summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale marketable debt securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Fair value measurements as of
	June 30, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Credit
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Losses		Total
Corporate bonds	$	8,507	$	—	$	(175)	$	—	$	8,332
U.S. Treasuries		6,948		—		(1)		—		6,947
Total	$	15,455	$	—	$	(176)	$	—	$	15,279


	Fair value measurements as of
	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Credit
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Losses		Total
Corporate bonds	$	21,994	$	—	$	(400)	$	—	$	21,594
Commercial paper		1,743		—		(5)		—		1,738

U.S. Government Agencies		1,248		—		(13)		—		1,235
U.S. Treasuries		2,999		—		(6)		—		2,993
Total	$	27,984	$	—	$	(424)	$	—	$	27,560

The unrealized losses at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were attributed to changes in interest rates and unrealized losses do not represent credit losses.

The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale marketable debt securities by contractual maturity as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Maturities in one year or less	$	7,436	$	23,231
Maturities between one and two years		7,843		4,329
Total	$	15,279	$	27,560

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 the Company did not have any other financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Property and Equipment, Net

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net

4. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Laboratory equipment	$	6,191	$	6,301
Leasehold improvements		78		78
Furniture and fixtures		620		620
Computers and software		273		177
		7,162		7,176
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(4,573)		(4,322)
Total property and equipment, net	$	2,589	$	2,854

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.3 million, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.6 million.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

5. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Employee compensation and benefits	$	2,842	$	4,243
External research and development costs		585		817
Legal and professional fees		2,379		714
Interest on long-term debt		—		195
Other		29		52
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	5,835	$	6,021

Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt

Debt

6. Debt

The following discussion of the Company’s debt should be read in conjunction with Note 6 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2022 Form 10-K.

As of December 31, 2022, long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2022
Principal amount of long-term debt	$	18,333
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		(6,667)
Long-term debt, net of current portion		11,666
Final debt payment liability		700
Debt discount, net of accretion		(345)
Long-term debt, net of discount and current portion	$	12,021

Stock Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Stock Based Compensation

Stock Based Compensation

7. Stock Based Compensation


	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Risk-free interest rate		3.65	%		2.61	%		4.05	%		1.69	%
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected term (in years)		5.8			5.9			6.1			6.0
Expected volatility		98.02	%		83.87	%		95.14	%		84.25	%

Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity since December 31, 2022:


				Weighted
				average
		Weighted		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	average		contractual term	intrinsic value
	options	exercise price		(in years)	(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2022	377,749	$	86.19	7.8	$	—
Options granted	140,529		14.00
Options cancelled	(24,323)		47.96
Options exercised	(188)		19.24
Outstanding and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	493,767		67.53	7.9		1,752
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	214,592	$	91.88	6.4	$	269

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity since December 31, 2022:


		Weighted
		average grant
	Shares	date fair value
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2022	11,563	$	72.02
Forfeited	(480)		73.45
Unvested shares as of June 30, 2023	11,083	$	72.02

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units was classified in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	530	$	549	$	962	$	1,064
General and administrative		1,029		1,182		1,946		2,285
	$	1,559	$	1,731	$	2,908	$	3,349

At-the-Market Offering

License and Collaboration Agreement

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

License and Collaboration Agreement

License and Collaboration Agreement

8. License and Collaboration Agreement

Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement

product candidate developed under the Lilly Agreement, (ii) the expiration of any data exclusivity period in a country or (iii) 10 years after the first commercial sale.

or other changes in circumstances occur, and, if necessary, the Company will adjust its estimate of the transaction price and total estimated costs expected to be incurred.

Contract Liability

The changes in the total contract liability (deferred revenue) balances related to the Company’s license and collaboration agreements with Lilly were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Deferred revenues at beginning of period	$	12,987	$	19,206	$	12,885	$	22,367
Revenues deferred during the period		6,692		—		11,652		—
Revenues recognized during the period		(5,900)		(2,883)		(10,758)		(6,044)
Deferred revenues at end of period	$	13,779	$	16,323	$	13,779	$	16,323

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Indemnification Agreements

Legal Proceedings

of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses as incurred the costs related to such legal proceedings.

Net Loss per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Net Loss per Share

Net Loss per Share

10. Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(7,506)	$	(14,346)	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(7,506)	$	(14,346)	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)
Denominator:
Weighted average common stock outstanding—basic and diluted		2,501,900		2,492,251		2,499,701		2,490,779
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(3.00)	$	(5.76)	$	(5.95)	$	(11.32)


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,464	1,464	1,464	1,464
Unvested restricted stock units	11,083	15,223	11,083	17,069
Stock options to purchase common stock	493,767	386,957	493,767	312,157
	506,314	403,644	506,314	330,690

Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

11. Related Party Transactions

On June 28, 2023, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement, among the Company, Lilly and Purchaser. For additional information related to the Merger Agreement, refer to Note 1 above.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Jun. 30, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Estimates and assumptions reflected in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, research and development expenses and stock-based awards. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.
Concentration of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers	Concentration of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers The financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are cash and accounts receivable. The Company does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 100% of the Company’s receivables were related to the Company’s collaboration agreements with Eli Lilly and Company (Note 8). The Company is dependent on third-party manufacturers to supply certain products for research and development activities in its programs. The Company currently has a supplier of certain raw materials that would be considered a sole supplier. If the Company cannot access additional suppliers or secure sufficient inventory of these raw materials, its programs could be adversely affected by an interruption in the availability of these raw materials.
Net Income (Loss) per Share	Net Income (Loss) per Share The Company only has one class of shares outstanding and basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards. For periods in which the Company reports a net loss, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities

Schedule of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Fair value measurements as of
	June 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	13,437	$	—	$	—	$	13,437
U.S. Treasuries		—		2,969		—		2,969
Total cash equivalents		13,437		2,969		—		16,406
Marketable securities
Corporate bonds		—		8,332		—		8,332
U.S. Treasuries		—		6,947		—		6,947
Total marketable securities		—		15,279		—		15,279
Total	$	13,437	$	18,248	$	—	$	31,685


	Fair value measurements as of
	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	29,310	$	—	$	—	$	29,310
Commercial paper		—		1,994		—		1,994
U.S. Government Agencies		—		4,999		—		4,999
Total cash equivalents		29,310		6,993		—		36,303
Marketable securities
Corporate bonds		—		21,594		—		21,594
Commercial paper		—		1,738		—		1,738
U.S. Government Agencies		—		1,235		—		1,235
U.S. Treasuries		—		2,993		—		2,993
Total marketable securities		—		27,560		—		27,560
Total	$	29,310	$	34,553	$	—	$	63,863

Schedule of marketable securities

The following tables summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale marketable debt securities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Fair value measurements as of
	June 30, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Credit
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Losses		Total
Corporate bonds	$	8,507	$	—	$	(175)	$	—	$	8,332
U.S. Treasuries		6,948		—		(1)		—		6,947
Total	$	15,455	$	—	$	(176)	$	—	$	15,279


	Fair value measurements as of
	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Credit
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Losses		Total
Corporate bonds	$	21,994	$	—	$	(400)	$	—	$	21,594
Commercial paper		1,743		—		(5)		—		1,738

U.S. Government Agencies		1,248		—		(13)		—		1,235
U.S. Treasuries		2,999		—		(6)		—		2,993
Total	$	27,984	$	—	$	(424)	$	—	$	27,560

Schedule of available-for-sale marketable debt securities by contractual maturity

The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale marketable debt securities by contractual maturity as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Maturities in one year or less	$	7,436	$	23,231
Maturities between one and two years		7,843		4,329
Total	$	15,279	$	27,560

Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Property and Equipment, Net

Schedule of property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Laboratory equipment	$	6,191	$	6,301
Leasehold improvements		78		78
Furniture and fixtures		620		620
Computers and software		273		177
		7,162		7,176
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(4,573)		(4,322)
Total property and equipment, net	$	2,589	$	2,854

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Employee compensation and benefits	$	2,842	$	4,243
External research and development costs		585		817
Legal and professional fees		2,379		714
Interest on long-term debt		—		195
Other		29		52
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	5,835	$	6,021

Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt

Schedule of long-term debt

As of December 31, 2022, long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2022
Principal amount of long-term debt	$	18,333
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		(6,667)
Long-term debt, net of current portion		11,666
Final debt payment liability		700
Debt discount, net of accretion		(345)
Long-term debt, net of discount and current portion	$	12,021

Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Stock Based Compensation

Schedule of weighted average assumption for grant date fair value of stock options


	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Risk-free interest rate		3.65	%		2.61	%		4.05	%		1.69	%
Expected dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected term (in years)		5.8			5.9			6.1			6.0
Expected volatility		98.02	%		83.87	%		95.14	%		84.25	%

Schedule of stock option activity


				Weighted
				average
		Weighted		remaining	Aggregate
	Number of	average		contractual term	intrinsic value
	options	exercise price		(in years)	(in thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2022	377,749	$	86.19	7.8	$	—
Options granted	140,529		14.00
Options cancelled	(24,323)		47.96
Options exercised	(188)		19.24
Outstanding and expected to vest at June 30, 2023	493,767		67.53	7.9		1,752
Exercisable at June 30, 2023	214,592	$	91.88	6.4	$	269

Schedule of restricted stock activity


		Weighted
		average grant
	Shares	date fair value
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2022	11,563	$	72.02
Forfeited	(480)		73.45
Unvested shares as of June 30, 2023	11,083	$	72.02

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units was classified in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):


	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Research and development	$	530	$	549	$	962	$	1,064
General and administrative		1,029		1,182		1,946		2,285
	$	1,559	$	1,731	$	2,908	$	3,349

License and Collaboration Agreement (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement

License and Collaboration Agreement

Schedule of the changes in the total contract liability (deferred revenue) balances related to the Company's license and collaboration agreements

The changes in the total contract liability (deferred revenue) balances related to the Company’s license and collaboration agreements with Lilly were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Deferred revenues at beginning of period	$	12,987	$	19,206	$	12,885	$	22,367
Revenues deferred during the period		6,692		—		11,652		—
Revenues recognized during the period		(5,900)		(2,883)		(10,758)		(6,044)
Deferred revenues at end of period	$	13,779	$	16,323	$	13,779	$	16,323

Net Loss per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Net Loss per Share

Schedule of Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended June 30				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(7,506)	$	(14,346)	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(7,506)	$	(14,346)	$	(14,884)	$	(28,205)
Denominator:
Weighted average common stock outstanding—basic and diluted		2,501,900		2,492,251		2,499,701		2,490,779
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(3.00)	$	(5.76)	$	(5.95)	$	(11.32)

Schedule of potential dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,464	1,464	1,464	1,464
Unvested restricted stock units	11,083	15,223	11,083	17,069
Stock options to purchase common stock	493,767	386,957	493,767	312,157
	506,314	403,644	506,314	330,690

Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation
Net loss	$ 7,506	$ 7,378	$ 14,346	$ 13,859	$ 14,884	$ 28,205	$ 43,600
Accumulated deficit	271,684				271,684		$ 256,800
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$ 34,900				$ 34,900

Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation - Proposed Acquisition by Eli Lilly and Company (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 28, 2023 item $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares
Business Acquisition
Common stock par value	$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Merger with Eli Lilly and company
Business Acquisition
Termination fee payable \| $	$ 1.3
Sigilon Therapeutics
Business Acquisition
Common stock par value		$ 0.001
Lilly \| Sigilon Therapeutics
Business Acquisition
Business acquisition, share price		$ 14.92
Number of contingent value \| item		1
Lilly \| Sigilon Therapeutics \| Maximum
Business Acquisition
Number of contingent payments \| item		3
Contingent value right as at the date of acquisition		$ 111.64

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Lilly
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Concentrations of credit risk	100.00%	100.00%

Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
In to level 2	$ 0
Out of level 2	0
Recurring
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents	16,406	$ 36,303
Total marketable securities	15,279	27,560
Total	31,685	63,863
Recurring \| Money market funds
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents	13,437	29,310
Recurring \| Commercial paper
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents		1,994
Total marketable securities		1,738
Recurring \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Measurements
Total marketable securities	8,332	21,594
Recurring \| U.S. Government Agencies
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents		4,999
Total marketable securities		1,235
Recurring \| U.S. Treasuries
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents	2,969
Total marketable securities	6,947	2,993
Recurring \| Level 1
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents	13,437	29,310
Total	13,437	29,310
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Money market funds
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents	13,437	29,310
Recurring \| Level 2
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents	2,969	6,993
Total marketable securities	15,279	27,560
Total	18,248	34,553
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Commercial paper
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents		1,994
Total marketable securities		1,738
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value Measurements
Total marketable securities	8,332	21,594
Recurring \| Level 2 \| U.S. Government Agencies
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents		4,999
Total marketable securities		1,235
Recurring \| Level 2 \| U.S. Treasuries
Fair Value Measurements
Total cash equivalents	2,969
Total marketable securities	$ 6,947	$ 2,993

Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities - Available for sale marketable debt Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Marketable Securities
Amortized Cost	$ 15,455	$ 27,984
Gross Unrealized Losses	(176)	(424)
Total	15,279	27,560
Corporate bonds
Marketable Securities
Amortized Cost	8,507	21,994
Gross Unrealized Losses	(175)	(400)
Total	8,332	21,594
Commercial paper
Marketable Securities
Amortized Cost		1,743
Gross Unrealized Losses		(5)
Total		1,738
U.S. Treasuries
Marketable Securities
Amortized Cost	6,948	2,999
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1)	(6)
Total	$ 6,947	2,993
U.S. Government Agencies
Marketable Securities
Amortized Cost		1,248
Gross Unrealized Losses		(13)
Total		$ 1,235

Fair Value Measurements and marketable securities - Available-for-sale marketable debt securities by contractual maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
available-for-sale marketable debt securities contractual maturity
Maturities in one year or less	$ 7,436	$ 23,231
Maturities between one and two years	7,843	4,329
Total	$ 15,279	$ 27,560

Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, gross	$ 7,162		$ 7,162		$ 7,176
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(4,573)		(4,573)		(4,322)
Total property and equipment, net	2,589		2,589		2,854
Depreciation and amortization expense	300	$ 300	625	$ 633
Laboratory equipment
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, gross	6,191		6,191		6,301
Leasehold improvements
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, gross	78		78		78
Furniture and fixtures
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, gross	620		620		620
Computers and software
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, gross	$ 273		$ 273		$ 177

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Employee compensation and benefits	$ 2,842	$ 4,243
External research and development costs	585	817
Legal and professional fees	2,379	714
Interest on long-term debt		195
Other	29	52
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 5,835	$ 6,021

Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt
Principal amount of long-term debt	$ 18,333
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	(6,667)
Longterm debt, net of current portion	11,666
Final debt payment liability	700
Debt discount, net of accretion	(345)
Longterm debt, net of discount and current portion	$ 12,021

Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		6 Months Ended
Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	May 19, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt
Repayment of debt		$ 19,040
Term loan
Debt
Repayment of debt	$ 16,400
Percentage of final payment charge on original principal amount of debt	3.50%
2020 Credit Facility
Debt
Effective interest rate (as a percent)			12.40%

Stock Based Compensation - Equity Incentive Plans (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 plan shares
Stock Based Compensation
Number of equity compensation plans \| plan	2
2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan And 2020 Equity Incentive Plan
Stock Based Compensation
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Stock Based Compensation
Number of shares available for grant	86,145
2020 Equity Incentive Plan
Stock Based Compensation
Number of shares available for grant	126,557

Stock Based Compensation - Stock Option Valuation (Details) - Employees and directors	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Assumptions used
Risk free interest rate	3.65%	2.61%	4.05%	1.69%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (in years)	5 years 9 months 18 days	5 years 10 months 24 days	6 years 1 month 6 days	6 years
Expected volatility	98.02%	83.87%	95.14%	84.25%

Stock Based Compensation - Stock Option activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Number of options
Beginning balances			377,749
Options granted			140,529
Options cancelled			(24,323)
Options exercised			(188)
Ending balances	493,767		493,767		377,749
Exercisable	214,592		214,592
Weighted average exercise price
Beginning balances			$ 86.19
Options granted			14.00
Options cancelled			47.96
Options exercised			19.24
Ending balances	$ 67.53		67.53		$ 86.19
Exercisable	$ 91.88		$ 91.88
Weighted average remaining contractual term
Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)			7 years 10 months 24 days		7 years 9 months 18 days
Exercisable			6 years 4 months 24 days
Aggregate intrinsic value
Exercisable	$ 269		$ 269
Ending balances	$ 1,752		1,752
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised		$ 0	$ 100	$ 3,600
Weighted average grant date fair value of stock options (in dollars per share)	$ 6.59	$ 10.88	$ 11.18	$ 108.55

Stock Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Stock Based Compensation
Vesting period	3 years
Shares
Unvested shares beginning balance \| shares	11,563
Unvested shares, Forfeited \| shares	(480)
Unvested shares ending balance \| shares	11,083
Weighted average grant date fair value
Weighted average grant date fair value, beginning balance \| $ / shares	$ 72.02
Weighted average grant date fair value, forfeited \| $ / shares	73.45
Weighted average grant date fair value, ending balance \| $ / shares	$ 72.02

Stock Based Compensation - Stock Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Stock Based Compensation
Stock based compensation	$ 1,559	$ 1,731	$ 2,908	$ 3,349
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	8,400		$ 8,400
Period of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense			1 year 9 months 18 days
Research and development
Stock Based Compensation
Stock based compensation	530	549	$ 962	1,064
General and administrative
Stock Based Compensation
Stock based compensation	$ 1,029	$ 1,182	$ 1,946	$ 2,285

Stock Based Compensation - At-the-Market Offering (Details) $ in Millions	Apr. 14, 2022 USD ($)
At the market offering
Common Stock
Maximum amount of shares offered	$ 10.0

License and Collaboration Agreement - Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 02, 2018 USD ($) item	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
License and Collaboration Agreement
Collaboration revenue		$ 5,900	$ 2,883	$ 10,758	$ 6,048
Current liabilities		25,247		25,247		$ 30,994
Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement
License and Collaboration Agreement
Amount of research and development costs the Company is responsible to cover	$ 47,500
Threshold amount of research and development costs above which the collaboration partner is responsible for	$ 47,500			47,500
Minimum number of members from the Company and partner on joint research committee \| item	3
Non-refundable, non-creditable upfront payment received	$ 62,500
Sales based milestone payments receivable	$ 250,000
Term of the license and collaboration agreement	10 years
Upfront payment	$ 62,500
Allocation of transaction price to combined performance obligation	56,600			6,900
Allocation of transaction price to Phase I supply	5,900			700
Increase in total estimated costs expected to be incurred				6,800
Collaboration revenue		5,900	10,800	2,900	6,000
Contract with customer liability, deferred revenue		$ 13,779	$ 16,323	$ 13,779	$ 16,323	$ 12,885	$ 12,987	$ 19,206	$ 22,367
Research and development services performance obligation period				1 year 6 months		2 years
Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement \| First Licensed Product
License and Collaboration Agreement
Maximum payments to be received from collaboration partner if milestones are met	165,000
Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement \| Additional Licensed Product
License and Collaboration Agreement
Maximum payments to be received from collaboration partner if milestones are met	$ 160,000

License and Collaboration Agreement - Contract Liability (Details) - Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
License and Collaboration Agreement
Deferred revenues at beginning of period	$ 12,987	$ 19,206	$ 12,885	$ 22,367
Revenues deferred during the period	6,692		11,652
Revenues recognized during the period	(5,900)	(2,883)	(10,758)	(6,044)
Deferred revenues at end of period	$ 13,779	$ 16,323	$ 13,779	$ 16,323

Net Loss per Share - Basic and diluted net loss per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (7,506)	$ (7,378)	$ (14,346)	$ (13,859)	$ (14,884)	$ (28,205)	$ (43,600)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (7,506)		$ (14,346)		$ (14,884)	$ (28,205)
Denominator:
Weighted average common stock outstanding-basic (in shares)	2,501,900		2,492,251		2,499,701	2,490,779
Weighted average common stock outstanding-diluted (in shares)	2,501,900		2,492,251		2,499,701	2,490,779
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders-basic (in dollars per share)	$ (3.00)		$ (5.76)		$ (5.95)	$ (11.32)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders-diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (3.00)		$ (5.76)		$ (5.95)	$ (11.32)

Net Loss per Share - Potential dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net Loss per Share
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,464	1,464	1,464	1,464
Unvested restricted stock units	11,083	15,223	11,083	17,069
Stock options to purchase common stock	493,767	386,957	493,767	312,157
Total	506,314	403,644	506,314	330,690

Related Party Transactions (Details) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Details) $ in Millions	Feb. 01, 2022 item	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Flagship Pioneering Inc. \| Shared Space Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Accounts receivable from related party		$ 0.3		$ 0.3
Cash payments received				1.8
Number of successive periods for renewal of sublease \| item	6
Sublease renewal term	1 month
Flagship Pioneering Inc. \| Shared Space Agreement \| Maximum
Related Party Transactions
Other income				0.1
Lilly \| Lilly License and Collaboration Agreement
Related Party Transactions
Revenue from related party		5.9	$ 10.8	2.9	$ 6.0
Deferred revenue from related party		13.8		13.8		$ 12.9
Accounts receivable from related party		4.5		4.5		2.2
Unbilled accounts receivable from related party		$ 2.4		$ 2.4		$ 1.3