NRT North European Oil Royalty Trust

     November 27, 2023

The Trustees of
North European Oil Royalty Trust
P. O. Box 187
Keene, New Hampshire 03431

Ref: North European Oil Royalty Trust
Calculation of the Cost Depletion Percentage
For the Calendar Year 2023

Trustees:

In accordance with the request of the Trustees of North European Oil Royalty Trust (the "Trust"), Graves & Co. Consulting LLC of Houston, Texas has performed the calculations necessary to derive the cost depletion percentage for the 2023 calendar year. The cost depletion percentage was prepared for use by unit owners of the Trust in filing federal income tax returns. In order to calculate the cost depletion percentage, we prepared a report of the estimated remaining proved producing reserves attributable to the overriding royalty interests of the Trust in the Northwest German Basin of the Federal Republic of Germany with an effective date of October 1, 2023.

We have reviewed all available information with respect to 100% of the Trust's proved developed properties used in the calculation of the cost depletion percentage as discussed later in this report. It is our opinion that these properties represent all of the Trust's assets that may be classified as proved for this purpose as per the Securities and Exchange Commission directives detailed later in this report.

The reserves associated with this review have been classified in accordance with the definitions of the Securities and Exchange Commission as found in Part 210-Form and Content of and Requirements for Financial Statements, Securities Act of 1933, Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, Investment Company Act of 1940, Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, under Rules of General Application Section 210.4-10 financial accounting and reporting for oil and gas producing activities pursuant to the Federal securities laws and the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975.

The proved producing reserves are as of October 1, 2023 and the reported sales are for the twelve-month period ending September 30, 2023. The use of the period ending September 30, 2023 is consistent with prior years and allows the timely calculation of the royalty reserves and the cost depletion percentage for the calendar year. Throughout this report the unit price used for crude oil, condensate, natural gas and sulfur is based upon the prices in effect at the time of the royalty calculations. The price for each of the products is then averaged for the twelve-month period to arrive at the unit price.

Based on the results of our calculation of estimated remaining proved producing reserves contained in the first part of this report, we have performed the calculations necessary to derive the cost depletion percentage for the 2023 calendar year. As detailed in Attachment B, the cost depletion percentage for the 2023 calendar year for Trust unit owners is equal to 8.8130% of the unit owner's cost basis as of January 1, 2023.

Discussion

The scope of this study was to review limited information we were able to compile and to prepare an estimate of the proved producing reserves subject to the Trust's royalty interests from which the cost depletion percentage could be calculated. We prepared reserve estimates using acceptable evaluation principles for each source. These estimates were based in large part on the limited information supplied by the operator of the relevant properties.

The quantities presented herein are estimated reserves of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids and sulfur that geologic and engineering data demonstrate can be recovered from known reservoirs under current economic conditions with reasonable certainty.

Description of Holdings

The Trust holds various overriding royalty rights on sales of gas, sulfur and oil from certain concessions and leases in the Federal Republic of Germany. The Oldenburg concession (1,386,000 acres), located in the federal state of Lower Saxony, is held by Oldenburgische Erdolgesellschaft ("OEG"). OEG in turn is owned by Mobil Erdgas-Erdol GmbH ("Mobil Erdgas"), the German subsidiary of ExxonMobil Corp. and by BEB Erdgas und Erdol GmbH ("BEB"), a joint venture of ExxonMobil Corp. and the Royal Dutch Shell Group of Companies. As a result, by direct and indirect ownership, ExxonMobil Corp. owns two-thirds of OEG and the Royal Dutch Shell Group owns one-third of OEG.

In 2002 Mobil Erdgas and BEB formed a new company ExxonMobil Production Deutschland GmbH to carry out all exploration, drilling and production within the Oldenburg concession. All sales activities are still handled by either Mobil Erdgas or BEB.

The Oldenburg concession is currently the primary source of royalty income for the Trust. All proved producing reserves within the Oldenburg concession are covered by this report. Although the Trust has royalty interests in other areas, these areas are no longer used in the calculation of the annual cost depletion percentage because there is minimal current production from these areas.

The Trust's rights in the Oldenburg concession are described as follows:

1. Under one set of rights covering the western part of the Oldenburg concession (approximately 662,000 acres), the Trust receives a royalty payment of 4% on gross receipts from sales by Mobil Erdgas of gas well gas, oil well gas, crude oil and condensate ("Mobil Agreement"). Under the Mobil Agreement there is no deduction of costs prior to the calculation of royalties from gas well gas or oil well gas, which together account for over 99% of all the royalties under said agreement.


2. Under another series of rights covering the entire Oldenburg concession and pursuant to an agreement with OEG, the Trust receives royalties at the rate of 0.6667% on gross receipts from sales of gas well gas, oil well gas, crude oil, condensate and sulfur (removed during the processing of sour gas) less a certain allowed deduction of costs ("OEG Agreement").
   
   Under the OEG Agreement, 50% of the field handling and treatment costs as reported for state royalty purposes are deducted from gross sales receipts prior to the calculation of the royalty to be paid to the Trust. Sulfur is a by-product of gas production and is not considered in the computation of total cost depletion.


3. The Trust is also entitled to receive from Mobil Erdgas, a 2% royalty payment on gross receipts from sales of sulfur obtained as a by-product of sour gas produced from the western part of Oldenburg. However, the payment of the sulfur royalty is provisional on whether Mobil Erdgas' selling price meets or exceeds the indexed base price. Sulfur is a by-product of gas production and is not considered in the computation of total cost depletion.

Oldenburg Area - Sales and Reserves

The Trust's royalty income currently comes exclusively from the Oldenburg area. Gas production accounts for the majority of the income; however, the hydrogen sulfide in much of the gas produced necessitates its removal before the gas can be sold. At the Grossenkneten desulfurization plant, the hydrogen sulfide in sour gas is removed. The plant's present input capacity stands at approximately 200 million cubic feet ("MMcf") per day following ExxonMobil's retirement of Unit 3 in April 2017, and more recently by the retirement of Unit 2 in June 2023. The elimination of two of the plant's three trains has effectively reduced the input capacity by two-thirds.

Total Sales

During the twelve months ending September 30, 2023, total sales for the Oldenburg area were as follows:

Gross Reserves

Estimated gross remaining proved producing reserves attributable to the total Oldenburg area as of October 1, 2023 are as follows:

Gross reserves are down across the board based on a combination of gas production constraints, lower oil prices, and higher operating expenses which shorten the economic life. The exception is western oil production, which has seen improved production rates and lower operating expenses.

Net Reserves and Sales

To present an accurate picture of estimated proved producing reserves net to the Trust, the gross reserve figures outlined above must be modified by the impact of the different royalty rates in effect in the Oldenburg concession. A comparison of the Trust's overriding royalty rates in both the western and eastern areas of Oldenburg is as follows:

The application of these royalty rates to the estimated gross remaining proved producing reserves attributable to the western and eastern Oldenburg areas yields the combined estimated proved producing reserves net to the Trust. The Trust's estimated remaining net proved producing reserves as of October 1, 2023 and net sales for the twelve month period ending September 30, 2023 are as follows:

A summary of net proved producing reserves by product and a five-year history of net sales attributable to the royalty interests of the Trust are presented in Attachment A. Net gas well gas and sulfur reserves are down compared to 2022 because of gas processing plant refurbishment and resulting production constraints. Net oil reserves are up based on performance at Lastrup-West. Though not material, net oil well gas sales decreased sharply in 2023 resulting in a corresponding drop in net reserves.

Limitations of Available Data

The reserves considered in this report are defined as proved producing reserves. Proved producing reserves are limited to those quantities which can be expected to be recoverable commercially from known reservoirs at current prices and costs, under existing regulatory practices and with existing conventional equipment and operating methods. Proved producing reserves do not include either proved developed non producing reserves or any class of probable reserves.

The estimate of reserves included in this report is based primarily upon production history or analogy with wells in the area producing from the same or similar formations. Typically, geological data, well reports, and well tests are available and utilized in evaluations; however, no such data was made available for 2023.

The reserves included in this report are estimates only and should not be construed as being exact quantities. The accuracy of the estimates is dependent upon the quality of available data and upon the independent geological and engineering interpretation of that data. The quantities presented herein are estimated reserves of hydrocarbons and produced products that geologic and engineering data demonstrate can be recovered from known reservoirs under current economic conditions with reasonable certainty. Reserve estimates presented in this report are calculated using acceptable methods and procedures and are believed to be appropriate and reasonable; however, future reservoir performance may justify revision of these estimates.

For the purpose of this report, estimated reserves are scheduled for recovery primarily on the basis of actual producing rates or appropriate well test information. They were prepared giving consideration to engineering and geological data, anticipated producing mechanisms, the number and types of completions, as well as past performance of analogous reservoirs. Individual well production histories, when available, were analyzed and an appropriate daily producing rate was utilized for each individual well in the preparation of a forecast of future producing rates until an anticipated economic limit.

No information was received from the operator concerning activity in the field during the Trust's fiscal year 2023 other than there was no drilling activity, and five wells were plugged and abandoned.

The estimates of reserves and the forecasted rates of production may be subject to regulation by various agencies, changes in market demand or other factors. Consequently, the volumes of reserves recovered, and the actual rates of recovery, may vary from the estimates included herein.

The Trust, as an overriding royalty interest owner, does not receive proprietary data from the various operators on producing wells. Data, such as logs, core analysis, reservoir tests, pressure tests, gas analyses, geologic maps, and individual well production histories on all of the wells which are used in volumetric and material balance type reserve estimates, are not available to the Trust. The lack of such data increases the inherent uncertainties of our reserve estimate.

The Trust receives quarterly statements from the operators that report production, sales and revenue data. Utilizing the same procedures as in prior years, this information has been used to prepare this annual report. In addition, the Trust retains a part-time consultant in Germany who is familiar with the German petroleum industry in general and the operating companies in particular. His periodic reports and communications were considered in the preparation of this report.

Overview of Natural Gas Processing

ExxonMobil operates a natural gas processing plant, the Grossenkneten Plant at Grossenkneten, Lower Saxony, Germany, located approximately 40 kilometers to the west of Bremen. The plant is designed to remove non-hydrocarbon impurities from the natural gas produced on the Oldenburg concession, especially hydrogen sulfide. The Grossenkneten plant has supplied natural gas and sulfur to Germany for over 50 years. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the natural gas produced on the Oldenburg concession is sour gas requiring desulfurization at the plant. The following paragraphs provide a description of the plant and changes in ExxonMobil's operation of the plant that have impacted Trust royalty income this year and that may have an impact on Trust royalty income in the future.

Description of Grossenkneten Plant

The Grossenkneten Plant consists of complex natural gas desulfurization and dehydration, sulfur recovery ("Claus-process"), waste gas purification and ancillary facilities. The ancillary facilities include a steam boiler, a gas engine, emergency flaring facilities and a condensing power station.

Every ten years, the plant is shut down for extensive refurbishment and maintenance, including safety checks and efficiency improvements. Given the hydrogen sulfide content of the natural gas, safety requirements for working on the site are very stringent. The most recent refurbishment occurred from August to October 2020, and included 3,200 individual maintenance and installation activities. The refurbishment employed 600 contractors, and the work injected 30 million euros into the local and regional economies. A new gas/gas heat exchanger was installed, improving the plant's energy efficiency. Following the refurbishment work, the plant was re-certified for another ten years, until 2030.

Changes in ExxonMobil's Plant Operations

The Grossenkneten Plant originally had three trains in use desulfurizing and dehydrating natural gas. Each operating train had a treatment capacity of approximately 2.0 billion cubic meters per year of untreated sour gas. ExxonMobil retired Unit 3 in April 2017, effectively reducing the plant input capacity at that time by one-third. Consistent with the inherent decline of Oldenburg gas production, ExxonMobil shut down a second of the three trains during the summer of 2023. As of June 2023, only one train remains in use and throughput is understood to be at capacity. This refurbishment and optimization work negatively impacted the production from the wells between May and July.

Impacts on Future Trust Royalty Income

The Trust's German consultant has informed us that because of the changes in plant operations, production curtailment estimated at 8.9% is expected until the end of the first quarter in 2024. Although this suggests a modest potential increase in production starting in the second quarter of 2024, no concomitant adjustment has been built into the production forecasts for the Trust's wells. Requirements to periodically cycle off and on weak, low-pressure wells and high water-cut wells, operations that are consistent with the maturity of the field, are expected to offset any increase from ending the curtailment.

ExxonMobil's shutdown of the second train at Grossenkneten should result in a reduction of certain costs deducted from the Trust's gross royalties. Offsetting these reductions will be increased well operating expenses which are the inevitable result of declining production volumes.

Uncertainties Related to Future Gas Plant Operations

We possess insufficient data from the plant's operator, ExxonMobil, that would be necessary to make a quantitative assessment of the uncertainties related to the economics of future long-term operations at the Grossenkneten Plant. Accordingly, Graves has decided not to allocate a risk factor to the reserve calculations used in the preparation of this report attributable to such uncertainties. Full retirement of the Grossenkneten plant at some time in the future could potentially mean the end of production from the Oldenburg concession and of the Trust's royalty income. The producing life of the concession and the oil, gas, and sulfur reserves attributable thereto that are set forth in this report would in such an event be cut short.

Reserve Estimates

We believe that reserve estimates prepared using all the available data are appropriate and sufficient for the calculation of the cost depletion percentage. However, due to the limitations of available data, this estimate of reserves cannot have the same degree of accuracy that an estimate of reserves prepared using all pertinent data would have. Our experience in the evaluation of reserves using such limited data compensates somewhat for the limitations of available data.

The data in the reports received by the Trust is in metric tons and cubic meters. The following Metric to English Unit conversion factors were used:

Calculation of Cost Depletion Percentage

The categories of proved producing reserves considered in the calculation of the cost depletion percentage are oil, oil well gas, and gas well gas. Sulfur is a by-product of gas production and is not considered in the computation of total cost depletion percentage.

For each category of reserves, a product base was established for the Trust as of January 1, 1976. Through the use of these product bases, we can account for the relative size of each of these categories of reserves and the corresponding impact on the calculation of the cost depletion percentage. The product base for each category of proved producing reserves is reduced annually by an adjustment that is calculated by multiplying the product base at the beginning of the current year by the depletion factor for that category of reserves.

The depletion factor for each category of reserves is the ratio of the relevant net sales during the current year to the corresponding adjusted net proved producing reserves at the beginning of the current year.

Significant items in the cost depletion percentage calculation that appear on Attachment B as specific item numbers, shown in parentheses and their sources are as follows:

The adjusted estimated net proved producing reserves as of 10/1/2022 Line (3) is obtained by adding the estimated remaining net proved producing reserves as of 10/1/2022 Line (1) and the adjustments to reserves during the period Line (2). Therefore Line (3) = Line (1) + Line (2).

The depletion factor Line (6) for each category of proved producing reserves is obtained by dividing the relevant net sales Line (4) by the corresponding adjusted estimated net proved producing reserves as of 10/1/2022 Line (3). Therefore Line (6) = Line (4) / Line (3).

The product base for each category of proved producing reserves as of 1/1/2022 Line (7) and the adjustment taken during 2022 Line (8) were obtained from the previous year's report. The product base as of 1/1/2023 Line (9) forms the initial starting point for the calculation of the cost depletion percentage for the 2023 tax year. The product base for 1/1/2023 Line (9) then is Line (7) - Line (8).

The adjustment to the product base for each category of proved producing reserves Line (10) is used to reduce the product base as of the beginning of each year. This adjustment is the product of the depletion factor for each category of proved producing reserves Line (6) multiplied by the corresponding product base as of 1/1/2023 Line (9). Therefore Line (10) = Line (6) x Line (9).

The cost depletion percentage Line (11) then is the sum of the adjustment to the product base of each category of proved producing reserves [Sum Line (10)] divided by the sum of the product base for each category as of 1/1/2023 [Sum Line (9)]. Therefore Line (11) = [Sum Line (10)] / [Sum Line (9)].

The cost depletion percentage represents the total allowable cost depletion for the 2023 calendar year for the Trust's unit owners, expressed as a percentage of their cost base as of January 1, 2023.

Neither Graves & Co. Consulting, LLC nor any of its directors, officers, employees or contractors have any interest in the subject properties and neither the engagement to make this study and calculation nor our compensation is contingent on our estimate of reserves or the results of our calculation.

We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you in this matter and will be glad to address any questions or inquiries you may have.

Sincerely yours,

GRAVES & CO. CONSULTING LLC

/s/ John L. Graves
              John L. Graves.
              President

/s/ Mel F. Hainey, P.E.
              Mel F. Hainey, P.E.
              Sr. Reservoir Engineer

Attachment A

North European Oil Royalty Trust
Reserve Summary and Five Year Net Sales History

Attachment B

North European Oil Royalty Trust
Calculation Of Total Cost Depletion Percentage

Footnotes:

Line (1) from reserves review as of 10-1-2022
Line (2) from reserves review as of 10-1-2023
Line (3) = Line (1) + Line (2)
Line (4) from BEB and Mobil Erdgas statements
Line (5) from reserves review as of 10-1-2023
Line (6) = Line (4) / Line (3)
Line (7) from 2022 depletion calculations
Line (8) from 2022 depletion calculations
Line (9) = Line (7) - Line (8)
Line (10) = Line (9) x Line (6)
Line (11) = Sum Line (10) / Sum Line (9)

Securities and Exchange Commission
Definitions of Reserves

The following information is from the United States Securities and Exchange Commission:

PART 210--FORM AND CONTENT OF AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935, INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940, INVESTMENT ADVISERS ACT OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975

Rules of General Application

Section 210.4-10 Financial accounting and reporting for oil and gas producing activities pursuant to the Federal securities laws and the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975.

Reserves

Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.

Reserves should not be assigned to adjacent reservoirs isolated by major, potentially sealing, faults until those reservoirs are penetrated and evaluated as economically producible. Reserves should not be assigned to areas that are clearly separated from a known accumulation by a non-productive reservoir (i.e., absence of reservoir, structurally low reservoir, or negative test results). Such areas may contain prospective resources (i.e., potentially recoverable resources from undiscovered accumulations).

Proved Oil and Gas Reserves

Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible--from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations--prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

1. The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:
1. The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and
2. Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.


2. In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.


3. Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.


4. Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when:
1. Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and
2. The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.


5. Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.

Reasonable certainty. If deterministic methods are used, reasonable certainty means a high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate. A high degree of confidence exists if the quantity is much more likely to be achieved than not, and, as changes due to increased availability of geoscience (geological, geophysical, and geochemical), engineering, and economic data are made to estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) with time, reasonably certain EUR is much more likely to increase or remain constant than to decrease.

Reliable technology. Reliable technology is a grouping of one or more technologies (including computational methods) that has been field tested and has been demonstrated to provide reasonably certain results with consistency and repeatability in the formation being evaluated or in an analogous formation.

Probable Reserves

Probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves but which, together with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be recovered.

1. When deterministic methods are used, it is as likely as not that actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the sum of estimated proved plus probable reserves. When probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 50% probability that the actual quantities recovered will equal or exceed the proved plus probable reserves estimates.


2. Probable reserves may be assigned to areas of a reservoir adjacent to proved reserves where data control or interpretations of available data are less certain, even if the interpreted reservoir continuity of structure or productivity does not meet the reasonable certainty criterion. Probable reserves may be assigned to areas that are structurally higher than the proved area if these areas are in communication with the proved reservoir.


3. Probable reserves estimates also include potential incremental quantities associated with a greater percentage recovery of the hydrocarbons in place than assumed for proved reserves.

Possible Reserves

Possible reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves.

1. When deterministic methods are used, the total quantities ultimately recovered from a project have a low probability of exceeding proved plus probable plus possible reserves. When probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 10% probability that the total quantities ultimately recovered will equal or exceed the proved plus probable plus possible reserves estimates.


2. Possible reserves may be assigned to areas of a reservoir adjacent to probable reserves where data control and interpretations of available data are progressively less certain. Frequently, this will be in areas where geoscience and engineering data are unable to define clearly the area and vertical limits of commercial production from the reservoir by a defined project.


3. Possible reserves also include incremental quantities associated with a greater percentage recovery of the hydrocarbons in place than the recovery quantities assumed for probable reserves.


4. The proved plus probable and proved plus probable plus possible reserves estimates must be based on reasonable alternative technical and commercial interpretations within the reservoir or subject project that are clearly documented, including comparisons to results in successful similar projects.


5. Possible reserves may be assigned where geoscience and engineering data identify directly adjacent portions of a reservoir within the same accumulation that may be separated from proved areas by faults with displacement less than formation thickness or other geological discontinuities and that have not been penetrated by a wellbore, and the registrant believes that such adjacent portions are in communication with the known (proved) reservoir. Possible reserves may be assigned to areas that are structurally higher or lower than the proved area if these areas are in communication with the proved reservoir.


6. Pursuant to paragraph (a)(22)(iii) of this section, where direct observation has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves should be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir above the HKO only if the higher contact can be established with reasonable certainty through reliable technology. Portions of the reservoir that do not meet this reasonable certainty criterion may be assigned as probable and possible oil or gas based on reservoir fluid properties and pressure gradient interpretations.

Developed Oil and Gas Reserves

Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered:

1. Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and


2. Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.

Undeveloped Oil and Gas Reserves

Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

1. Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.


2. Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.


3. Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty.

Additional Definitions:

Deterministic Estimate

The method of estimating reserves or resources is called deterministic when a single value for each parameter (from the geoscience, engineering, or economic data) in the reserves calculation is used in the reserves estimation procedure.

Probabilistic Estimate

The method of estimation of reserves or resources is called probabilistic when the full range of values that could reasonably occur for each unknown parameter (from the geoscience and engineering data) is used to generate a full range of possible outcomes and their associated probabilities of occurrence.

Reasonable Certainty

If deterministic methods are used, reasonable certainty means a high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate. A high degree of confidence exists if the quantity is much more likely to be achieved than not, and, as changes due to increased availability of geoscience (geological, geophysical, and geochemical), engineering, and economic data are made to estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) with time, reasonably certain EUR is much more likely to increase or remain constant than to decrease.

Oil and Gas Reserves and Valuations

Certificate of Qualification

I, Mel F. Hainey, Registered Professional Engineer, do hereby certify:

1. That I am a Sr. Reservoir Engineer of the consulting firm of Graves & Co. Consulting   LLC with offices at 1800 West Loop South, Suite 750, Houston, Texas 77027.

2. That I have prepared a reserve report on the interests of the North European Oil Royalty
  Trust in the Northwest Basin of the Federal Republic of Germany as of October 1, 2023
  for the purpose of calculating the cost depletion percentage applicable to Trust unit
  owners for the 2023 calendar year.

3. That I have no direct or indirect interest, nor do I expect to receive any direct or indirect
  interest, in the properties or in any securities of the North European Oil Royalty Trust.

4. That I attended The University of Texas at Austin and that I graduated with a Bachelor of
  Science Degree in Electrical Engineering in 1975 with a Master of Science Degree in   Engineering in 1977.

5. That I am a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas, Registration Number
  65528, and that I am a member in good standing of the Texas Society of Professional   Engineers and the Society of Petroleum Engineers.

6. That I have in excess of forty years of experience in the petroleum engineering including   the evaluation of oil and gas properties in the United States, Canada, Indonesia, Turkey   and Germany, and that I have been practicing as a consultant in petroleum reservoir   engineering since 2016

..

Signed November 27, 2023

GRAVES & CO. CONSULTING LLC

/s/ Mel F. Hainey, P.E.
              Mel F. Hainey, P.E.
                Sr. Reservoir Engineer

---

North European Oil Royalty (NYSE:NRT)
Historical Stock Chart
From Mar 2024 to Apr 2024

North European Oil Royalty (NYSE:NRT)
Historical Stock Chart
From Apr 2023 to Apr 2024