Celebrating a significant achievement in NAD+
research, these findings contribute to the mounting evidence
indicating that NR may serve as a proactive safeguard against
inflammatory cytokines in healthy adults and those with
inflammation-related disorders
ChromaDex Corp. (NASDAQ:CDXC), a global authority on
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) research and healthy
aging, shares results from a newly published clinical study, as
reported in the peer-reviewed journal Cell Reports, demonstrating
that supplementation with nicotinamide riboside (NR), one of the
most efficient and superior NAD+ precursors, reduced inflammation
in both healthy subjects and in cells derived from psoriasis
patients. The clinical trial was part of the ChromaDex External
Research Program (CERP™), which donated ChromaDex’s patented
nicotinamide riboside (NR) ingredient, Niagen, for the advancement
of this research.
“We express our gratitude to Dr. Michael Sack, Senior
Investigator of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism at the
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), part of the
National Institutes of Health (NIH), for his exceptional
contributions with this research. This is Dr. Sack’s fourth
published study on NR, and the seventh clinical study overall, that
demonstrates NR’s effectiveness in reducing inflammation, an
important indicator of how the body is aging,” remarked Rob Fried,
CEO of ChromaDex. “In addition to a balanced diet and regular
exercise, elevating NAD+ levels with Tru Niagen remains the safest,
most effective, legally protected, and extensively researched NAD+
dietary supplement that helps us age better. This research is a
testament to why ChromaDex continues to be the gold standard in the
rapidly expanding NAD+ space.”
An evolution in NAD+ research, this study builds on a growing
body of evidence suggesting that NR defends against inflammation
not only in individuals who are elderly or have
inflammation-related disease, as they are associated with lower
levels of NAD+ and higher inflammation markers, but may also
provide anti-inflammatory benefits for healthy individuals. This is
the third published human clinical study demonstrating that NR
supplementation has a protective effect in healthy individuals and
lays the foundation for future clinical research (Elhassan et al.
2019, Remie et al. 2020).
The connection between NAD+ and inflammation
Underlying chronic inflammation, also known as metaflammation or
inflammaging, appears to be a consistent factor in ailing
populations, in illness associated with age-related decline, and
even in relatively healthy individuals, and has been linked to the
development of autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis and lupus,
and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease,
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, among others. Research
has demonstrated environmental and lifestyle factors such as
smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and sleep deprivation can
contribute to states of chronic underlying inflammation.
NAD+ is a critical coenzyme for all living cells and maintaining
intracellular NAD+ pools is critical in supporting cellular and
metabolic processes, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
production (the source of cellular energy) and DNA repair. Research
suggests a depletion of NAD+ is associated with impaired
inflammatory responses and innate immune dysfunction, indicating
NAD+ levels may have a critical impact on the function of immune
cells.
Research supporting anti-inflammatory effects of NR, the most
efficient NAD+ precursor
NR is one of the most efficient and superior NAD+ precursors,
clinically proven to increase NAD+ safely and effectively. There is
an ever-growing body of clinical evidence demonstrating the
anti-inflammatory effects of NR supplementation (either alone or in
combination with other ingredients) for healthy, older adults, or
those with inflammation-related disorders, with potential for more
robust effects among the elderly and diseased populations as they
tend to have compromised NAD+ and a higher inflammatory status.
These studies are outlined in table 1.
TABLE 1. Summary of peer-reviewed, published NR studies
demonstrating an anti-inflammatory effect in humans.
NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE
ONLY
Publication
Dose/Duration
Study Population
Key Results
Elhassan et al., 2019
1,000 mg/day for 21 days
Marginally overweight, but
otherwise healthy older adult men
NR reduced levels of circulating
inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-5, IL-2, and TNF-α
Zhou et al., 2020
1,000 mg/day for 5-9 days
Hospitalized patients with stage
D heart failure undergoing advanced heart failure therapy
evaluations
NR reduced gene expression of NLRP3 and
inflammatory cytokines (IL-1B, IL-6, and IL-18)
Remie et al., 2020
1,000 mg/day for 6 weeks
Healthy overweight and obese men
and postmenopausal women
NR resulted in a significant trend toward
a reduction in plasma IL-1α levels
Wu et al., 2022
1,000 mg/day for one week
Young healthy subjects and
patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
NR reduced relative mRNA expressions of
inflammatory cytokines IFN-β and CXCL10
Brakedal et al., 2022
1,000 mg/day for 4 weeks
Newly diagnosed dopaminergic
therapy-naïve Parkinson’s disease patients
NR reduced levels of inflammatory
cytokines in the serum: VEGF and GDF15, as well as in cerebrospinal
fluid: G-CSF, IL-7, IL-1RA, CCL4
Wang et al., 2022
2,000 mg/day for 12 weeks
Stage C heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction patients and age-matched healthy
subjects
NR reduced expression of NLRP3 and
resulted in directionally similar, though nonsignificant, changes
in expression of other inflammatory markers (IL-1B, IL-6, IL-18,
and TNF-α) [AH1]
Han et al., 2023
1,000 mg/day for 1 week
Young, healthy subjects
NR blunted TH1 and TH17 immune cell
responsiveness and depressed the secretion of IFNγ and IL-17 in
CD4+ T cells
NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE IN
COMBINATION WITH OTHER INGREDIENTS
Zeybel et al., 2022
CMA*
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) patients
CMA decreased levels of inflammatory
cytokines CD-8A, CCL23, FGF-21, and oncostatin-M (OSM)
Altay et al., 2021
CMA*
Ambulatory COVID-19 patients
CMA decreased levels of inflammatory
cytokines CSF-1, IL-15RA, IL-18, MCP-1, and TNF-α
About the study
The first part of this clinical study analyzed the effects of
ex-vivo (outside of the living organism) NR supplementation on
adaptive immunity in CD4+ T cells, which play a vital role in
regulating effective immune response to pathogens. CD4+ T cells
were extracted from patients with mild-moderate psoriasis and age
and gender-matched healthy controls (average age of 48). The second
part of the study analyzed the effects of oral NR supplementation
on primary CD4+ T cell function using samples obtained from a prior
pilot, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in
which 25 healthy subjects (average age of 24 and average BMI of 23)
were supplemented with 1000mg NR or placebo daily for 7 days (Wu et
al., 2022).
Study highlights
- Ex vivo NR supplementation in CD4+ T cells in both healthy
volunteers and patients with mild-moderate psoriasis reduced TH1
and TH17 immune responsiveness, characteristic features in
psoriasis, and depressed the secretion of IFNγ and IL-17
(pro-inflammatory factors observed in autoimmune disorders that
contribute to overactive CD4+ T cells).
- Genes related to antioxidant defense pathways were upregulated
in CD4+ T cells in response to NR treatment.
- NR decreased the production and activity of harmful reactive
oxygen species (which causes damage to the building blocks of the
cell including DNA), and reduced lipid peroxidation (a process by
which oxidants attack healthy lipids, resulting in cell death) in
CD4+ T cells.
- Psoriatic T cells demonstrated both a reduction of NAD+ and
upregulation of NAD+ consuming enzymes, as compared to the cells
extracted from healthy individuals. These data suggest that
psoriasis amplifies NAD+ consumption and that boosting NAD+ levels
is necessary to blunt TH17 immune cell responsiveness.
- In the in-vivo analysis, oral NR supplementation in healthy
participants reflected the immune-modulating effects of ex-vivo NR
supplementation. More specifically, oral NR reduced inflammatory
biomarkers and enhanced antioxidant gene expression in immune
cells.
Relevance
Due to the success of data collected from both studies led by
Dr. Sack, Han et al., 2023 and Wu et al., 2022, the effects of NR
supplementation in mild-moderate psoriasis patients are currently
being explored by the investigators in an in vivo
placebo-controlled clinical trial. The findings from this study
builds on a growing body of evidence suggesting that increasing
NAD+ levels with NR supplementation not only defends against
inflammation for healthy individuals, but also suggests a potential
therapeutic application for individuals with autoimmune disorders,
such as psoriasis, pending further research confirmation.
For additional information on ChromaDex, visit
www.chromadex.com.
Disclaimer: The content is solely the responsibility of the
authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of
the National Institutes of Health. Research reported in this press
release was supported by the Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National
Institutes of Health under award number ZIA-HL005102.
About ChromaDex:
ChromaDex Corp. is a global bioscience company dedicated to
healthy aging. The ChromaDex team, which includes world-renowned
scientists, is pioneering research on nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NAD+), levels of which decline with age. ChromaDex is
the innovator behind NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR),
commercialized as the flagship ingredient Niagen®. Nicotinamide
riboside and other NAD+ precursors are protected by ChromaDex’s
patent portfolio. ChromaDex maintains a website at
www.chromadex.com to which ChromaDex regularly posts copies of its
press releases as well as additional and financial information
about the Company.
Forward-Looking Statements:
This release contains forward-looking statements within the
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including statements related to whether these findings
contribute to the mounting evidence indicating that NR may serve as
a proactive safeguard against inflammatory cytokines in healthy
adults and those with inflammation-related disorders. Statements
that are not a description of historical facts constitute
forward-looking statements and may often, but not always, be
identified by the use of such words as "expects," "anticipates,"
"intends," "estimates," "plans," "potential," "possible,"
"probable," "believes," "seeks," "may," "will," "should," "could"
or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Risks
that contribute to the uncertain nature of these forward-looking
statements include the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our
business and the global economy; our history of operating losses
and need to obtain additional financing; the growth and
profitability of our product sales; our ability to maintain sales,
marketing and distribution capabilities; changing consumer
perceptions of our products; our reliance on a single or limited
number of third-party suppliers; and the risks and uncertainties
associated with our business and financial condition. More detailed
information about ChromaDex and the risk factors that may affect
the realization of forward-looking statements is set forth in
ChromaDex's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2022, ChromaDex's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and
other filings submitted by ChromaDex to the SEC, copies of which
may be obtained from the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Readers are
cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking
statements, which speak only as of the date hereof, and actual
results may differ materially from those suggested by these
forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are
qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement and
ChromaDex undertakes no obligation to revise or update this release
to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof.
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