Final Results -8-
March 17 2009 - 3:00AM
UK Regulatory
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS and IFRIC
interpretations endorsed by the European Union (EU) and with those parts of the
Companies Act 1985, applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The financial
statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified
by the revaluation of certain financial assets and liabilities (including
derivative instruments). A summary of the more important Group accounting
policies is set out below, together with an explanation of where changes have
been made to previous policies on the adoption of new accounting standards in
the year.
Critical Estimates and Judgements
The preparation of financial statements requires the use of estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the reporting amount of income and expenses
during the year. Although these estimates are based on management's best
knowledge of the amount, event or actions, actual results ultimately may differ
from those estimates.
The main estimates made by the Group included decommissioning estimates,
estimates of future capital expenditures used in the calculation of
depreciation, depletion and amortisation (DD&A) and hydrocarbon reserve
estimates. These are described in more detail in the relevant accounting policy.
The main judgements made by the Group included the forecasts and assumptions
used in the impairment review of non-financial assets, tax provisioning,
deferred tax asset recognition and future plans for the assets under
construction. These are described in more detail in the relevant accounting
policy.
Consolidation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities over which the Group has the power to govern the
financial and operating policies, generally accompanying a shareholding of more
than one half of the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting
rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when
assessing whether the Group controls another entity. Subsidiaries are fully
consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They
are de-consolidated from the date on which control ceases.
The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of
subsidiaries by the Group. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair
value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or
assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the
acquisition. Identifiable assets acquired, liabilities and contingent
liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their
fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of acquisition over
the fair value of the Group's share of the identifiable net assets acquired is
recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of
the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised directly
in the income statement.
Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions
between Group companies are eliminated as part of the consolidation process.
Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence
of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of subsidiaries
have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies
adopted by the Group.
Investments in Associates
The Group's investments in its associates are accounted for under the equity
method of accounting. These are entities in which the Group has significant
influence and which are neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture. The financial
statements of the associates are used by the Group to apply the equity
accounting method. The reporting dates of the associates and the Group are
consistent.
The investments in associates are carried in the balance sheet at cost plus
post-acquisition changes in the Group's share of net assets of the associates,
less any impairment in value. Where accounting policies of associates are
inconsistent with those of the Group, an adjustment is made to the Group's share
of net assets of the associate in order to reflect these differences.
Joint Ventures
The Group is engaged in oil and gas development and production through
incorporated and unincorporated joint ventures. The income, expenses, assets and
liabilities of those jointly controlled assets are included in the consolidated
financial statements in proportion to the Group's interest
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from sales of oil and natural gas is recognised when the significant
risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred, which is when title passes
to the customer. For oil and natural gas, this generally occurs when the product
is physically transferred into a vessel, pipe or other delivery mechanism.
Revenue resulting from the production of oil and natural gas properties in which
Venture has an interest with other producers is recognised on the basis of
Venture's working interest (entitlement method). Consequently, for sales in
respect of oil liftings sold, adjustments for overlift (liftings greater than
production entitlement) and underlift (production entitlement greater than
liftings) are recorded against cost of sales at market value.
Tariff revenue from the use of the Group's platform and pipeline facilities is
recognised when products are physically transferred into a vessel, pipe or other
delivery mechanism.
Segmental Reporting
Segmental reporting follows the Group's internal reporting structure, and
accordingly, its primary segment reporting is by business segment. A business
segment is engaged in providing products within a particular economic
environment that is subject to risks and returns that are different from those
segments operating in other economic environments. In the opinion of the
Directors, the operations of the Group comprise two classes of business, oil
production and gas production.
Foreign Currency Translation
(a) Functional and Presentation Currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group's entities are
measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the
entity operates (the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements
are presented in pounds sterling, the Company's functional and presentation
currency.
(b) Transactions and Balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using
the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign currency
gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions, and from
the translation at year end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies, are recognised in the income statement.
Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the translation of monetary
balances that relate to trading are included within the operating profit.
Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from the translation of monetary
balances that relate to the Group's financing are included within finance
expense.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value
of the Group's share of the net identifiable assets of the acquired subsidiary
at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries is included
in intangible assets. Separately recognised goodwill is tested annually for
impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Impairment
losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an
entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.
Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units (CGUs) for the purpose of
impairment testing. The allocation is made to those CGUs or groups of CGUs that
are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill
arose.
Property, Plant and Equipment
All property, plant and equipment is shown at cost less subsequent depreciation
and impairment.
The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost,
any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the
initial estimate of the present value of any decommissioning obligation, if any,
and for qualifying assets, borrowing costs. The purchase price or construction
cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration
given to acquire the asset.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a
separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic
benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group, and the cost of the
item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to
the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred.
Property, Plant and Equipment - Oil and Gas Exploration, Appraisal and
Development Expenditure
Oil and gas exploration, appraisal and development expenditure is accounted for
using the successful efforts method of accounting.
Expenditure incurred prior to obtaining the legal rights to explore an area is
expensed immediately to the income statement.
Expenditure directly associated with an exploration well is capitalised on a
licence by licence basis. Costs are held, un-depleted, on the balance sheet
under exploration assets, until the success or otherwise of the well has been
established. Costs will continue to be held as an asset if the results indicate
that hydrocarbon reserves exist and there is a reasonable prospect that these
reserves are commercial. All such carried costs are subject to technical,
commercial and management review at least once a year to confirm the intent to
develop or otherwise extract value from the discovery. When this is no longer
the case, the costs are written off. When proved reserves are determined and
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