GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
We or any selling securityholder may offer under this prospectus debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, stock purchase contracts, stock purchase units and hybrid securities combining elements of the foregoing, either individually or as units consisting of two or more securities.
The following description of the terms of these securities sets forth some of the general terms and provisions of securities that may be offered by us or any selling securityholder. The particular terms of securities offered by any prospectus supplement and the extent, if any, to which the general terms set forth below do not apply to those securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. In addition, if we offer securities as units, the terms of the units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the information contained in the prospectus supplement differs from the following description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.
Description of Debt Securities
We may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series. The following briefly summarizes the material provisions of the indentures, as defined below, pursuant to which such debt securities may be issued. As used in this summary, the term “Wintrust” means Wintrust Financial Corporation and does not include any of its subsidiaries. This summary is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such indentures. You should read the more detailed provisions of the indentures, including the defined terms, for provisions that may be important to you. You should also review the particular terms of a series of debt securities, which will be described in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.
General
We may issue, and offer pursuant to this prospectus, senior or subordinated debt securities. The senior debt securities and, in the case of debt securities in bearer form, any coupons to these securities, will constitute part of our senior debt and, except as otherwise included in the applicable prospectus supplement, will rank on a parity with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities and any coupons will constitute part of our subordinated debt and will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of our “senior indebtedness,” as defined below. If this prospectus is being delivered in connection with a series of subordinated debt securities, the applicable prospectus supplement or the information we incorporate in this prospectus by reference will indicate the approximate amount of senior indebtedness outstanding as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter.
Our senior debt securities will be issued under a senior indenture, the form of which is included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and the related supplemental indenture for such senior debt securities, if any, which we refer to collectively as the “senior indenture.” Our subordinated debt securities will be issued under a subordinated indenture, the form of which is included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and the related supplemental indenture for such subordinated
debt securities, if any, which we refer to collectively as the “subordinated indenture.” We refer to the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture collectively as the “indentures,” and we refer to senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities collectively as the “debt securities.”
The provisions of the indentures allow us to “reopen” a previous issue of a series of debt securities and issue additional debt securities of that issue. The debt securities may be denominated and payable in U.S. dollars. The debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate or a floating rate, which, in either case, may be zero, or at a rate that varies during the lifetime of the debt security. The debt securities may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount.
The indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of indebtedness that may be issued thereunder and provide that debt securities may be issued thereunder from time to time in one or more series. There are no covenants or provisions in the indentures that would afford the holders of the debt securities of any series protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction, reorganization, restructuring, merger or similar transaction involving Wintrust that may adversely affect such holders.
Terms Specified in Prospectus Supplement
We will describe in a supplement to this prospectus the particular terms of any debt securities being offered and any modifications of or additions to the general terms of the debt securities. Accordingly, you should read both the prospectus supplement relating to the particular debt securities being offered and the general description of debt securities set forth in this prospectus before investing.
The prospectus supplement will contain, where applicable, the following terms of and other information relating to any offered debt securities:
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classification as senior or subordinated debt securities and the specific designation;
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aggregate principal amount, purchase price and denomination, if, in the case of denomination, other than $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
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the currency in which the debt securities are denominated and/or in which principal and/or interest, if any, is payable;
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original issue and stated maturity date or dates;
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the interest rate or rates or the method by which the calculation agent will determine the interest rate or rates, if any;
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the interest payment dates, if any;
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the manner and place or places for payment of the principal of and any premium and/or interest on the debt securities;
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any repayment, redemption, prepayment, repurchase or sinking fund provisions, including any redemption notice provisions;
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whether we will issue the debt securities in registered form or bearer form or both and, if we are offering debt securities in bearer form, any restrictions applicable to the exchange of one form for another and to the offer, sale and delivery of those debt securities in bearer form and whether such bearer securities will be issued with coupons;
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whether we will issue the debt securities in temporary form and under what terms and conditions;
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the terms on which holders of the debt securities may convert or exchange these securities into or for common or preferred stock or other securities of ours offered hereby, into or for common or preferred stock or other securities of an entity affiliated with us or debt or equity or other securities of an entity not affiliated with us, or for the cash value of our stock or any of the above securities, the terms on which conversion or exchange may occur, including whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option, the period during which conversion or exchange may occur, the initial conversion or exchange price or rate and the circumstances or manner in which the amount of common or preferred stock or other securities issuable upon conversion or exchange may be adjusted;
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information as to the methods for determining the amount of principal or interest payable on any date and/or the currencies, securities or baskets of securities, commodities or indices to which the amount payable on that date is linked;
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any agents for the debt securities, including trustees, depositories, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars;
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any addition to, or modification or deletion of, any events of default or covenants contained in the applicable indenture relating to the debt securities;
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a discussion on any material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities; and
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any other terms and conditions set forth therein.
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We may issue the debt securities as original issue discount securities, which are securities that are offered and sold at a substantial discount to their stated principal amount, or as payment-in-kind securities which may constitute original issue discount securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to any such debt securities may be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Registration, Denominations, Exchange and Transfer of Debt Securities
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities of any series will be issued only as registered securities, in global or certificated form and in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.
As described in the section entitled “Book-Entry System,” the debt securities of any series may be issued in certificated form in exchange for a global security. In the event that debt securities of such series are issued in certificated form, such debt securities may be transferred or exchanged at the offices described below. In the event debt securities of any series are issued in certificated form, payments of principal and interest will be payable, the transfer of the debt securities of such series will be registrable and debt securities of such series will be exchangeable for debt securities of other denominations of a like aggregate principal amount at the corporate trust office of the trustee in New York, New York. Interest payments on certificated debt securities of any series may be made at the option of the Company by check mailed to the address of the persons entitled thereto. See “Book-Entry System.”
Subordination of the Subordinated Debt Securities
The subordinated indenture provides that the subordinated debt securities are subordinated and junior in right of payment to Wintrust’s obligations to the holders of senior indebtedness (as defined below) to the extent specified in the subordinated indenture. This means that in the case of any insolvency, liquidation or other certain specified events of or relating to Wintrust as a whole, whether voluntary or involuntary, all obligations to holders of senior indebtedness shall be entitled to be paid in full before any payment shall be made on account of the principal of or interest on the subordinated debt securities. In the event of any such proceeding, after payment in full of all sums owing with respect to senior indebtedness, the holders of the subordinated debt securities, together with the holders of any obligations of Wintrust ranking on a parity with the subordinated debt securities, shall be entitled to be paid from the remaining assets of Wintrust the amounts at the time due and owing on account of unpaid principal of and interest on the subordinated debt securities before any payment or other distribution, whether in cash, property or otherwise, shall be made on account of any capital stock or any obligations of Wintrust ranking junior to the subordinated debt securities.
In addition, if there shall have occurred and be continuing (a) a default in any payment with respect to any senior indebtedness or (b) an event of default with respect to any senior indebtedness as a result of which the maturity thereof is accelerated, unless and until such payment default or event of default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist, no payments shall be made by Wintrust with respect to the principal or interest on the subordinated debt securities.
The term “senior indebtedness” means the following, whether now outstanding or subsequently created, assumed or incurred:
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all indebtedness of Wintrust for money borrowed, including any obligation of, or any obligation guaranteed by, Wintrust, for the repayment of borrowed money, whether or not evidenced by bonds, debentures, securities, notes or other written instruments;
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any deferred obligation of Wintrust for the payment of the purchase price of property or assets acquired other than in the ordinary course of business;
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all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of Wintrust in respect of any letters of credit, bankers acceptances, security purchase facilities and similar transactions;
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all capital lease obligations of Wintrust;
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all obligations of Wintrust in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or option contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contacts, commodity contracts and other similar agreements;
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all obligations of the type referred to in the above five bullets of other persons for the payment of which Wintrust is responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise;
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all obligations of the type referred to in the above six bullets of other persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of Wintrust, whether or not such obligation is assumed by Wintrust; and
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any obligations of Wintrust to its general creditors, as defined and required by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the Federal Reserve, under its final Basel III capital rules in 78 F.R. 62018 (Oct. 11, 2013) for subordinated debt to qualify as Tier 2 capital;
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provided
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however
, that the term “senior indebtedness” does not include:
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any securities issued under the subordinated indenture (including the subordinated debt securities),
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Wintrust’s subordinated debt securities underlying trust preferred securities issued by subsidiary trusts of Wintrust which are outstanding or which are issued by a subsidiary trust of Wintrust,
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any guarantee in respect of the trust preferred securities of a subsidiary trust of Wintrust, or
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any indebtedness or any guarantee ranking junior to, or ranking on a parity with, such securities and the issuance of which (i) has received the concurrence or approval of the Federal Reserve or its staff or (ii) does not at the time of issuance prevent such securities (or any security or unit of which such securities comprise a part) from qualifying for
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Tier 1 capital treatment (irrespective of any limits on the amount of Wintrust’s Tier 1 capital) under applicable capital adequacy guidelines, regulations, policies, published interpretations or any applicable concurrence or approval of the Federal Reserve or its staff.
The subordinated debt securities will rank senior to all of Wintrust’s equity securities, including its preferred stock, whether now outstanding or subsequently created.
The indentures do not limit the aggregate amount of senior indebtedness that may be issued by Wintrust.
Events of Default
Events of Default and Certain Remedies Under the Senior Indenture
. Under the senior indenture, each of the following will be an “event of default” with respect to a series of senior debt securities:
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failure to pay any interest upon the senior debt securities of any series as and when it becomes due and payable, which default continues for a period of 30 days;
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failure to pay the principal of any of the senior debt securities as and when it becomes due and payable;
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failure on the part of Wintrust duly to observe or perform any other of the covenants or agreements on the part of Wintrust in the senior debt securities of such series or in the senior indenture with respect to the senior debt securities of such series, and continuance of such failure for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring Wintrust to remedy the same, shall have been given to Wintrust by the trustee, or to Wintrust and the trustee by the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the senior debt securities of such series at the time outstanding; and
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specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, or court appointment of a receiver, liquidator or trustee of Wintrust.
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If an event of default described in any of the first, second or third bullets above occurs and is continuing, then and in each such case either the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate initial principal amount of the senior debt securities of any such series then outstanding (each such series treated as a separate class), by notice in writing to Wintrust (and to the trustee if given by holders), may declare the principal amount (or, if the senior debt securities of such series are original issue discount securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all the senior debt securities of such series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become immediately due and payable. If an event of default described in the fourth bullet above occurs and is continuing, then and in each such case, the principal amount (or, if the senior debt securities of such series are original issue discount securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all senior debt securities of such series shall be and become
immediately due and payable, without any notice or other action by the trustee or any holder, to the fullest extent permitted by law.
The foregoing paragraph, however, is subject to the condition that, at any time after such a declaration of acceleration or an acceleration, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the money due shall have been obtained or entered, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the senior debt securities of such series then outstanding, by written notice to Wintrust and to the trustee, may waive all defaults and rescind and annul such declaration or acceleration and its consequences, if:
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Wintrust shall pay or shall deposit with the trustee a sum sufficient to pay:
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all matured installments of interest on all the senior debt securities of such series (with interest on overdue installments of interest (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) at the rate borne by the senior debt securities of such series (or yield to maturity, in the case of original discount securities) to the date of such payment or deposit);
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all principal on any senior debt securities of such series that has become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest on such principal) at the rate borne by the senior debt securities of such series (or yield to maturity, in the case of original discount securities) to the date of such payment on deposit; and
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all sums paid or advanced by the trustee and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the trustee under the senior indenture; and
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any and all defaults with respect to senior debt securities of such series under the senior indenture, other than the nonpayment of principal and accrued interest on senior debt securities of such series that shall have become due by acceleration, shall have been cured or waived as provided below in the penultimate paragraph of this section.
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No such waiver or rescission and annulment shall extend or shall affect any subsequent default or shall impair any right consequent thereon.
Events of Default and Certain Remedies Under the Subordinated Indenture
. Under the subordinated indenture, each of the following will be an “event of default” with respect to a series of subordinated debt securities:
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failure to pay any interest upon the subordinated debt securities of any series as and when it becomes due and payable, which default continues for a period of 30 days;
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failure to pay the principal of any of the subordinated debt securities as and when it becomes due and payable;
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failure on the part of Wintrust duly to observe or perform any other of the covenants or agreements on the part of Wintrust in the subordinated debt securities of such series or in the subordinated indenture with respect to the subordinated debt securities of such series, and continuance of such failure for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring Wintrust to remedy the same, shall have been given to Wintrust by the trustee, or to Wintrust and the trustee by the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the subordinated debt securities of such series at the time outstanding; and
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specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, or court appointment of a receiver, liquidator or trustee of Wintrust.
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If an event of default described in the fourth bullet above occurs and is continuing, then and in each such case either the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate initial principal amount of the subordinated debt securities of any such series then outstanding (each such series treated as a separate class), by notice in writing to Wintrust (and to the trustee if given by holders), may declare the principal amount (or, if the subordinated debt securities of any such series are original issue discount securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such series) of all the subordinated debt securities of such series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become immediately due and payable. This provision, however, is subject to the condition that, at any time after such a declaration of acceleration, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the money due shall have been obtained or entered, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the subordinated debt securities of such series then outstanding, by written notice to Wintrust and to the trustee, may waive all defaults and rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences, if:
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Wintrust shall pay or shall deposit with the trustee a sum sufficient to pay:
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all matured installments of interest on all the subordinated debt securities of such series (with interest on overdue installments of interest (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) at the rate borne by the subordinated debt securities of such series (or yield to maturity, in the case of original issue discount securities), to the date of such payment or deposit); and
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all sums paid or advanced by the trustee and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the trustee under the subordinated indenture; and
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any and all defaults with respect to debt securities of such series under the subordinated indenture, other than the nonpayment of principal and accrued interest on subordinated
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debt securities of such series that shall have become due by acceleration, shall have been cured or waived as provided below in the penultimate paragraph of this section.
No such waiver or rescission and annulment shall extend or shall affect any subsequent default or shall impair any right consequent thereon.
Unless otherwise expressly provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, there is no right of acceleration under the subordinated indenture upon the occurrence of an event of default described in the first three bullets of the definition of “event of default” above.
Remedies on Events of Default Under Either Indenture
. Under either indenture, in the case of default in the payment of (i) any installment of interest upon any debt securities of any series as and when it becomes due and payable, which default continues for a period of 30 days, or (ii) the principal of any of the debt securities of such series as and when it becomes due and payable, then, upon demand of the trustee, Wintrust will pay to the trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the debt securities of such series, the whole amount that then shall have become due and payable on all such debt securities for principal, or interest, or any combination thereof, as the case may be, with interest upon the portion of the overdue principal that consists of principal and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon the overdue installments of interest, at the rate borne by the debt securities of such series or yield to maturity (in the case of original issue discount securities); and, in addition, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the trustee, its agent, attorneys and counsel. If Wintrust does not pay such amounts upon such demand, the trustee shall be entitled and empowered to institute any actions or proceeding at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against Wintrust or any other obligor on the debt securities of such series and collect in the manner provided by law out of the property of Wintrust or any other obligor on the debt securities of such series, wherever situated, the money adjudged or decreed to be payable.
No holder of debt securities of any series shall have any right to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to the applicable indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy under the applicable indenture, unless such holder previously shall have given to the trustee written notice of default and of the continuance thereof and unless also:
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the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of such series then outstanding shall have made written request upon the trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as trustee under the applicable indenture and shall have offered to the trustee such reasonable security or indemnity as the trustee may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;
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the trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity shall have neglected or refused to institute any such action, suit or proceeding; and
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no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the trustee during such 60-day period by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities;
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it being understood and intended, and being expressly covenanted by each person who acquires and holds a debt security of any series with every other such person, that no one or more holders of outstanding debt securities shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of or by availing of any provision of such indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other holder of such debt securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under such indenture, except in the manner provided in such indenture and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of outstanding debt securities under such indenture. Notwithstanding any other provision of the applicable indenture, however, the right of any holder of debt securities of any series to receive payment of principal and interest on or after their respective due dates, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates against Wintrust, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder.
Subject to certain restrictions, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount (or, if the debt securities are original issue discount securities, such portion of the principal as is then accelerable under the applicable indenture) of the debt securities of any series affected (voting as one class) at the time outstanding shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of such series.
Prior to any declaration that the principal of the outstanding debt securities of any series affected is due and payable, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount (or, if the debt securities are original issue discount securities, such portion of the principal as is then accelerable under the applicable indenture) of the debt securities of such series at the time outstanding on behalf of the holders of all of the debt securities of such series may waive any past default or event of default under the applicable indenture and its consequences except (i) a default under a covenant or provision in such indenture that cannot be modified without the consent of each holder of a debt security of such series affected thereby or (ii) in the case of senior debt securities under the senior indenture only, in the payment of the principal of or interest on any senior debt security of such series of senior debt securities. Upon any such waiver, Wintrust, the trustee and the holders of the debt securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights under the applicable indenture, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or event of default or impair any right consequent thereon.
Wintrust is required to file annually with the applicable trustee a statement of an officer as to the fulfillment by Wintrust of its obligations under the applicable indenture during the preceding year.
The trustee, within 90 days after the occurrence of a default with respect to debt securities of any series, shall mail to all holders of debt securities of such series notice of all such defaults known to the trustee, unless such defaults shall have been cured or waived before the giving of
such notice;
provided
that, except in the case of default in the payment of the principal or interest on any of the debt securities, the trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as its board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or responsible officers of the trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the holders.
Modifications and Amendments
Wintrust and the trustee may amend or supplement the indentures or the debt securities of any series without notice to or the consent of any holder:
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to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indentures;
provided
that such amendment or supplement shall not materially and adversely affect the interests of the holders;
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to evidence the succession of another person to Wintrust and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of Wintrust contained in the indentures and the debt securities pursuant to the obligations set forth in “—Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets”;
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to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of the indentures under the Trust Indentures Act;
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to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment with respect to the debt securities of any or all series by a successor trustee and to add to or change any of the provisions of the applicable indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts under the applicable indenture by more than one trustee;
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to establish the form or forms or terms of debt securities of any series or of the coupons pertaining to such series;
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to provide for uncertificated or unregistered securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;
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to add to the covenants for the benefit of the holders of the debt securities or to surrender any right or power conferred upon Wintrust in the indentures with respect to the debt securities,
provided
that such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of the debt securities;
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to add any events of default with respect to all or any series of the debt securities;
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to delete or modify any events of default with respect to all or any series of the debt securities, the form and terms of which are being established pursuant to a supplemental indenture as permitted in the indenture (and, if any such event of default is applicable to fewer than all such series of the debt securities, specifying the series to which such event of default is applicable) and to specify the rights and remedies of the trustee and the holders of such debt securities in connection therewith;
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to secure the debt securities;
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to establish the form of any debt securities and to provide for the issuance of any series of debt securities under the indentures and to set forth the terms thereof; and
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to make any change that does not materially and adversely affect the rights of any holder.
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Without prior notice to any holders, Wintrust and the trustee may amend the indentures and the debt securities of any series with the written consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected by such amendment, and the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series affected thereby (voting as a separate class) by written notice to the trustee may waive future compliance by Wintrust with any provision of the indentures or the debt securities of such series. However, without the consent of each holder affected thereby, an amendment or waiver may not:
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change the stated maturity of the principal of, or any sinking fund obligation or any installment of interest on, such holder’s debt security,
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reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon;
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reduce the above-stated percentage of outstanding debt securities the consent of who
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e holders is necessary to modify or amend the indentures with respect to the debt securities of the relevant series;
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reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of the relevant series the consent of whose holders is required for any supplemental indenture or for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the indentures or certain events of default and their consequences provided for in the indentures;
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impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to the debt securities; or
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modify any of the provisions of the subordinated indenture with respect to the subordination of the subordinated debt securities of any series in a manner adverse to holders.
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It is not necessary for the consent of any holder to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment, supplement or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, Wintrust shall give to the holders affected thereby a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. Wintrust will mail supplemental indentures to holders upon request. Any failure of Wintrust to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indentures or waiver.
Satisfaction, Discharge and Defeasance
Satisfaction and Discharge
. Wintrust may discharge most of its obligations under the indentures to holders of the debt securities of any series if:
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it has paid or caused to be paid the principal of and interest on all debt securities of any series outstanding as and when the same shall have become due and payable;
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it has delivered to the trustee for cancellation all debt securities of any series authenticated; or
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all debt securities of such series not delivered to the trustee for cancellation have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year, and Wintrust has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited an amount of cash or U.S. government obligations with the trustee sufficient to pay at maturity all debt securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the trustee for cancellation, including principal and interest due or to become due on or prior to such date of maturity.
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Defeasance and Discharge; Covenant Defeasance
. Subject to the proper exercise of its defeasance and discharge or covenant defeasance options as discussed below, Wintrust, at its option:
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will be released from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series, which is known as “defeasance and discharge”; or
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need not comply with certain designated covenants regarding the debt securities of any series, which is known as “covenant defeasance.”
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If Wintrust exercises its covenant defeasance option, the failure to comply with any defeased covenant and any default in the applicable indenture will no longer be a default thereunder.
To exercise either its defeasance and discharge or covenant defeasance option, Wintrust must:
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deposit with the trustee, in trust, cash or U.S. government obligations in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of and each installment of interest on the outstanding debt securities of such series when such payments are due; and
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deliver an opinion of counsel or a ruling directed to the trustee received from the Internal Revenue Service, which, in the case of defeasance and discharge, must be based upon a change in applicable U.S. federal income tax law or a ruling or administrative pronouncement of the IRS, to the effect that the holders and beneficial owners of debt securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such option and will be required to pay U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as if such defeasance had not occurred.
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When there is a defeasance and discharge, the applicable indenture will no longer govern the debt securities of such series, Wintrust will no longer be liable for payment and the holders of such debt securities will be entitled only to the deposited funds. When there is a covenant defeasance, however, Wintrust will continue to be obligated for installment payments when due if the deposited funds are not sufficient to pay the holders.
The obligations under the indentures to register the transfer or exchange of debt securities, to replace mutilated, defaced, destroyed, lost or stolen debt securities, and to maintain paying agents and hold monies for payment in trust will continue even if Wintrust exercises its defeasance and discharge or covenant defeasance option.
Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets
The indentures provide that Wintrust shall not consolidate with, merge with or into, or sell, convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its property and assets (in one transaction or a series of related transactions) to, any person unless either:
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Wintrust is the continuing person or the person (if other than Wintrust) formed by such consolidation or into which Wintrust is merged or to which properties and assets of Wintrust are sold, conveyed, transferred or leased shall be an entity organized and validly existing under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia or any jurisdiction thereof and shall expressly assume, by a supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the trustee, all of the obligations of Wintrust on all of the debt securities and under the indentures and the performance of every other covenant of the indentures on the part of Wintrust; and
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Wintrust delivers to the trustee (A) an opinion of counsel regarding the transaction’s compliance with the relevant provisions of the applicable indenture and (B) an officers’ certificate to the effect that immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default and no event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an event of default, shall have occurred and be continuing.
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Upon any such consolidation or merger, or any sale, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the property and assets of Wintrust, the successor person formed by such consolidation or into which Wintrust is merged or to which such sale, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, Wintrust under the applicable indenture with the same effect as if such successor person had been named as the company in such indenture and thereafter the predecessor person, except in the case of a lease, shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under the applicable indenture and the debt securities.
Concerning the Trustee
The applicable prospectus supplement will specify who will act as trustee under the senior indenture pursuant to which the senior debt securities will be issued. U.S. Bank National Association will act as trustee under the subordinated indenture pursuant to which the subordinated debt securities will be issued. U.S. Bank National Association acts as trustee under certain of our other indentures and performs other services for us in the ordinary course of business.
Governing Law
The indentures and each debt security, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to the indentures and each debt security, for all purposes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York (without regard to the conflicts of laws provisions thereof).
Conversion or Exchange Rights
We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which debt securities of any series may be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or other securities of ours. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of common stock or other securities of ours that the holders of the debt securities of such series receive would be subject to adjustment.
Payment and Paying Agent
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on registered debt security of any series on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the registered debt securities are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest payment.
We will pay principal of and interest on the debt securities of any series at the office of the paying agents designated by us. We will give prompt written notice to the trustee of the name and address of any paying agent and any change in the name or address of any paying agent. If we fail to maintain a paying agent, the trustee shall act as such.
All funds deposited with the trustee for the payment of principal of or payment on the debt securities of any series that remain unclaimed for two years after the date upon which such principal or interest shall have become due and payable will be repaid to Wintrust upon its request. Thereafter, any right of any holder of the debt securities to such funds shall be enforceable only against Wintrust, and the trustee will have no liability therefor.
Description of Capital Stock
The following description of our capital stock does not purport to be complete and is qualified, in all respects, by reference to applicable Illinois law and our amended and restated articles of incorporation, as amended, which we refer to as our articles of incorporation, and our amended and restated by-laws, which we refer to as our by-laws, each of which is incorporated by reference in the registration statement of which this prospectus is part. To find out where copies of these documents can be obtained, see “Where You Can Find More Information”.
Authorized Capital Stock
Under our articles of incorporation, we have the authority to issue 100 million shares of common stock, without par value, and 20 million shares of preferred stock, without par value.
Common Stock
Common Stock Outstanding
. As of June 5, 2014, we had 46,549,171 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. The outstanding shares of our common stock are, and the shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of the series C preferred will be, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of any series A preferred that we may issue will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock, including the series A preferred and series C preferred and any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future. Shares of Wintrust common stock may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided by the Illinois Business Corporation Act, or the IBCA.
Voting Rights
. Each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders and does not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors of the Company may elect all of the directors standing for election.
Dividend Rights
. The holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if and when declared payable by our board of directors from any funds legally available for the payment of dividends, subject to any preferential dividend rights of our outstanding preferred stock, including the series A preferred and series C preferred. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share pro rata in our net assets available after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock of the Company, including the series A preferred and series C preferred.
Preemptive Rights
. Under our articles of incorporation, the holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights.
Listing
. Our common stock is listed on NASDAQ. We intend to apply to NASDAQ to list any additional common stock offered hereby.
Series A Preferred Stock
Series A Preferred Stock Outstanding
. As of June 5, 2014, no shares of series A preferred were outstanding.
Dividends
. Non-Cumulative Dividends on the outstanding shares of series A preferred are payable quarterly in arrears if, when and as declared by our board of directors, at a rate of 8.00% per year on the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. With certain limited exceptions, if we do not pay full cash dividends on the series A preferred for the most recently completed dividend period, we may not pay dividends on, or repurchase, redeem or make a liquidation payment with respect to, our common stock or other stock ranking equally with or junior to the series A preferred, including the series C preferred. The series A preferred is not redeemable by the holders thereof or by the Company.
Conversion
. Holders of the series A preferred may convert their shares into common stock at any time. We may convert all of the series A preferred into common stock upon the consummation of certain Fundamental Transactions (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations),
provided
that we have declared and paid in full dividends on the series A preferred for the four most recently completed quarterly dividend periods. We may convert any or all of the series A preferred into common stock if, for 20 trading days during any period of 30 consecutive trading days, the closing price of our common stock exceeds $35.59 and we have declared and paid in full dividends on the series A preferred for the four most recently completed quarterly dividend periods. The conversion price of the series A preferred is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments.
Reorganization Events and Fundamental Transactions
. If we consummate a Reorganization Event (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations), each share of the series A preferred will, without the consent of the holders, become convertible into the kind of securities, cash and other property receivable in such Reorganization Event by a holder of the shares of common stock.
Voting Rights
. Holders of the series A preferred generally do not have any voting rights, except as required by law. However, we may not amend our articles of incorporation or by-laws in a manner adverse to the rights of the series A preferred, issue capital stock ranking senior to the series A preferred or take certain other actions without the approval of the holders of the series A preferred. In addition, holders of the series A preferred, together with the holders of other parity securities having similar voting rights, may elect two directors if we have not paid dividends on the series A preferred for four or more quarterly dividend periods, whether or not consecutive.
Series C Preferred Stock
Series C Preferred Stock Outstanding
. As of June 5, 2014, we had 126,467 shares of series C preferred outstanding.
Dividends
. Non-Cumulative Dividends on the series C preferred are payable quarterly in arrears if, when and as declared by our board of directors, at a rate of 5.00% per year on the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. With certain limited exceptions, if we do not pay full cash dividends on the series C preferred for the most recently completed dividend period, we may not pay dividends on, or repurchase, redeem or make a liquidation payment with respect to, our common stock or other stock ranking equally with or junior to the series C preferred. The series C preferred is not redeemable by the holders thereof or by the Company.
Conversion
. Holders of the series C preferred may convert their shares into common stock at any time. On or after April 15, 2017, if the closing price of the common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for 20 trading days during any 30 consecutive trading day period, including the last trading day of such period, ending on the trading day preceding the date we give notice of mandatory conversion, we may at our option cause some or all of the series C preferred to be automatically converted into common stock at the then prevailing conversion rate. In addition, in connection with a Make-Whole Acquisition (as defined in the Series C Certificate of Designations), we will, under certain circumstances, be required to pay an adjustment in the form of an increase in the conversion rate upon any conversions of the series C preferred that occur during the period beginning on the effective date of the Make-Whole Acquisition and ending on the date that is 30 days after the effective date of such Make-Whole Acquisition. The adjustment in the conversion rate in the event of a Make-Whole Acquisition will be payable in shares of common stock or the consideration into which the common stock has been converted or exchanged in connection with the Make-Whole Acquisition. The amount of the adjustment in the conversion rate in the event of a Make-Whole Acquisition, if any, will be based on the stock price and the effective date of the Make-Whole Acquisition. The conversion price of the series C preferred is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments.
Reorganization Events and Fundamental Transactions
. If we consummate a Reorganization Event (as defined in the Series C Certificate of Designations), each share of the series C preferred will, without the consent of the holders, become convertible into the kind of securities, cash and other property receivable in such Reorganization Event by a holder of the shares of common stock.
Voting Rights
. Holders of the series C preferred generally do not have any voting rights, except as required by law. However, we may not amend our articles of incorporation in a manner adverse to the rights of the series C preferred, issue capital stock ranking senior to the series C preferred or take certain other actions without the approval of the holders of the series C preferred. In addition, holders of the series C preferred, together with the holders of other parity securities having similar voting rights, may elect two directors if we have not paid dividends on the series C preferred for six or more quarterly dividend periods, whether or not consecutive.
Preferred Stock
Blank Check Preferred Stock
. We or any selling securityholder may offer shares of any series of preferred stock that we have designated or that we may designate and issue in the future, which may include, without limitation, shares of our preferred stock that are convertible into other securities of the Company. Under our articles of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority to issue preferred stock in one or more classes or series, and to fix for each class or series the voting powers and the distinctive designations, preferences and relative, participation, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions, as may be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the board of directors providing for the issuance of such class or series as may be permitted by the IBCA, including dividend rates, conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting each such class or series, without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
Preferred Stock Offered Hereby
. If we offer or any selling securityholder offers preferred stock pursuant to this prospectus in the future, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such preferred stock, to the extent not already described herein, including the following, where applicable:
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the designation of the shares and the number of shares that constitute the series;
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the dividend rate (or the method of calculating dividends), if any, on the shares of the series and the priority as to payment of dividends with respect to other classes or series of our shares of capital stock;
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whether dividends are or will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the preferred stock are or will accumulate;
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the dividend periods (or the method of calculating the dividend periods);
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the voting rights of the preferred stock, if any;
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the liquidation preference and the priority as to payment of the liquidation preference with respect to other classes or series of our capital stock and any other rights of the shares of the class or series upon our liquidation or winding-up;
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whether or not the shares of the series are or will be convertible and, if so, the security into which they are convertible and the terms and conditions of conversion, including the conversion price or the manner of determining it;
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whether or not and on what terms the shares of the series are or will be subject to redemption or repurchase at our option;
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whether the preferred stock of the series will be listed on a national securities exchange or quoted on an automated quotation system;
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a discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock; and
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the other material terms, rights and privileges and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the rights or privileges of the series.
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The description in the prospectus supplement will not necessarily be complete, and reference will be made to the certificate of designation relating to a series of preferred stock which will be or have been filed with the SEC.
Depositary Shares
We may elect to issue fractional shares of preferred stock rather than full shares of preferred stock. If so, we will issue “depositary receipts” for these “depositary shares.” Each depositary share will represent a fraction of a share of a particular series of preferred stock. If we issue depositary shares pursuant to these projections in the future, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the depository shares and the underlying preferred stock to which the depositary shares relate.
The description in the prospectus supplement will not necessarily be complete, and reference will be made to the deposit agreement relating to the depositary shares which will be filed with the SEC.
Exchange Agent and Registrar
IST Shareholder Services is the exchange agent and registrar for our common stock. Unless the applicable prospectus supplement specifies otherwise, the exchange agent and registrar for each series of preferred stock will be IST Shareholder Services.
Certain Provisions of Our Articles of Incorporation, By-Laws, Illinois Law and Certain Applicable Banking Regulations That May Have an Anti-Takeover Effect
Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation, by-laws, Illinois law and certain applicable banking regulations may have the effect of impeding the acquisition of control of the Company by means of a tender offer, a proxy fight, open-market purchases or otherwise in a transaction not approved by our board of directors.
These provisions may have the effect of discouraging a future takeover attempt that is not approved by our board of directors but which our individual shareholders may deem to be in their best interests or in which our shareholders may receive a substantial premium for their shares over then-current market prices. As a result, shareholders who might desire to participate in such a transaction may not have an opportunity to do so. Such provisions will also render the removal of Wintrust’s current board of directors or management more difficult.
These provisions of our articles of incorporation and by-laws include the following:
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our board of directors may issue additional authorized shares of our capital stock to deter future attempts to gain control of the Company, including the authority to determine the terms of any one or more series of preferred stock, such as voting rights, conversion rates and liquidation preferences. As a result of the ability to fix voting rights for a series of preferred stock, our board has the power, to the extent consistent with its fiduciary duty, to issue a series of preferred stock to persons friendly to management in order to attempt to block a merger or other transaction by which a third party seeks control, and thereby assist the incumbent board of directors and management to retain their respective positions;
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our articles of incorporation do not provide for cumulative voting for any purpose, and our articles of incorporation and by-laws also provide that any action required or permitted to be taken by shareholders may be taken only at an annual or special meeting and prohibit shareholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting;
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our articles of incorporation expressly elect to be governed by the provisions of Section 7.85 of the IBCA. Section 7.85 prohibits a publicly held Illinois corporation from engaging in a business combination unless, in addition to any affirmative vote required by law or the articles of incorporation of the company, the proposed business combination:
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receives the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding shares of all classes and series of the corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors voting together as a single class (the voting shares), and the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting shares held by disinterested shareholders;
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is approved by at least two-thirds of the disinterested directors; or
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provides for consideration offered to shareholders that meets certain fair price standards and satisfies certain procedural requirements.
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Such fair price standards require that the fair market value per share of the consideration offered be equal to or greater than the higher of:
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the highest per share price paid by the interested shareholder during the two-year period immediately prior to the first public announcement of the proposed business combination or in the transaction by which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder; and
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the fair market value per share of common stock on the first trading date after the first public announcement of the proposed business combination or on the first trading date after the date of the first public announcement that the interested shareholder has become an interested shareholder.
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For purposes of Section 7.85, disinterested director means any member of the board of directors of the corporation who:
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is neither the interested shareholder nor an affiliate or associate of the interested shareholder;
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was a member of the board of directors prior to the time that the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder or was a director of the corporation before January 1, 1997, or was recommended to succeed a disinterested director by a majority of the disinterested directors then in office; and
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was not nominated for election as a director by the interested shareholder or any affiliate or associate of the interested shareholder.
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The amendment of our articles of incorporation must be approved by a majority vote of the board of directors and also by a two-thirds vote of the outstanding shares of our common stock;
provided
,
however
, that an affirmative vote of at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock entitled to vote is required to amend or repeal certain provisions of the articles of incorporation, including provisions (a) prohibiting cumulative voting rights, (b) relating to certain business combinations, (c) limiting the shareholders’ ability to act by written consent, (d) regarding the minimum number of directors, (e) regarding indemnification of directors and officers by the Company and limitation of liability for directors and (f) regarding amendment of the foregoing supermajority provisions of our articles of incorporation. Our by-laws may be amended only by the board of directors.
The provisions described above are intended to reduce our vulnerability to takeover attempts and certain other transactions which have not been negotiated with and approved by members of our board of directors.
The ability of a third party to acquire us is also limited under applicable banking regulations. The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, or the Bank Holding Company Act, requires any “bank holding company” (as defined in that Act) to obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve prior to acquiring more than 5% of our outstanding common stock. Any person other than a bank holding company is required to obtain prior approval of the Federal Reserve to acquire 10% or more of our outstanding common stock under the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978. Any holder of 25% or more of our outstanding common stock, other than an individual, is subject to regulation as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act. For purposes of calculating ownership thresholds under these banking regulations, bank regulators would likely at least take the position that the minimum number of shares, and could take the position that the maximum number of shares, of Wintrust common stock that a holder is entitled to receive pursuant to securities convertible into or settled in Wintrust common stock, including pursuant to Wintrust's warrants to purchase Wintrust common stock held by such holder, must be taken into account in calculating a shareholder's aggregate holdings of Wintrust common stock.
Description of Stock Purchase Contracts and Stock Purchase Units
We may issue stock purchase contracts pursuant to which holders will purchase from us a number of shares of common stock at a future date, which we refer to as stock purchase contracts. The price per share of common stock and number of shares of common stock may be fixed at the time the stock purchase contracts are issued or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the stock purchase contracts. The stock purchase contracts may be issued separately or as a part of units consisting of a stock purchase contract and securities of the Company or of third parties, including U.S. Treasury securities, securing the holders’ obligations to purchase the common stock under the stock purchase contracts, which we refer to as stock purchase units. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the stock purchase units and the stock purchase contracts will also be discussed in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The stock purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations thereunder in a specified manner and, in certain circumstances, we may deliver newly issued prepaid stock purchase contracts upon release to a holder of any collateral securing such holder’s obligations under the original stock purchase contract. The stock purchase contracts also may require us to make periodic payments to the holders of the stock purchase units or vice-versa, and such payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any stock purchase contracts or stock purchase units, and, if applicable, prepaid stock purchase contracts. The description in the prospectus supplement will not necessarily be complete, and reference will be made to the stock purchase contracts, and, if applicable, collateral or depositary arrangements, relating to the stock purchase contracts or stock purchase units.
Description of Warrants
We may issue warrants to purchase debt securities, common stock, preferred stock or other securities of the Company. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities. Warrants sold with other securities may be attached to or separate from those securities. We will issue warrants under one or more warrant agreements between us and a warrant agent that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement. We use the term “warrant agreement” to refer to any of these warrant agreements. We use the term “warrant agent” to refer to the warrant agent under any of these warrant agreements.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any warrants we are offering the specific terms relating to the offering, which terms may include some or all of the following:
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the title of the warrants;
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the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;
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the designation, number and terms of the debt securities, common stock or preferred stock that can be purchased if a holder exercises the warrant and procedures by which those numbers may be adjusted;
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the exercise price of the warrants;
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the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
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the dates or periods during which the warrants are exercisable;
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the designation and terms of any securities with which the warrants are issued;
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if the warrants are issued as a unit with another security, the date on and after which the warrants and the other security will be separately transferable;
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if the exercise price is not payable in U.S. dollars, the foreign currency, currency unit or composite currency in which the exercise price is denominated;
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any minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any one time;
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any terms relating to the modification of the warrants; and
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any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange or exercise of the warrants.
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The description in the applicable prospectus supplement will not necessarily be complete, and reference will be made to the warrant agreements which will be filed with the SEC.
BOOK-ENTRY SYSTEM
Unless we indicate otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the Depository Trust Company, which we refer to as DTC, New York, New York, will act as securities depository for the Wintrust offered securities and the trust preferred securities (collectively, the Offered Securities). The Offered Securities will be issued as fully-registered securities registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC’s partnership nominee) or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. One fully-registered Offered Security certificate will be issued for each issue of the Offered Securities, each in the aggregate principal amount of such issue, and will be deposited with DTC. If, however, the aggregate principal amount of any issue exceeds $500 million, one certificate will be issued with respect to each $500 million of principal amount, and an additional certificate will be issued with respect to any remaining principal amount of such issue.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC holds and provides asset servicing for that DTC’s participants, which we refer to as Direct Participants, deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the post-trade settlement among Direct Participants of sales and other securities transactions in deposited securities, through electronic computerized book-entry transfers and pledges between Direct Participants’ accounts. This eliminates the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct Participants include both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, which we refer to as DTCC. DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Direct Participant, either directly or indirectly, which we refer to as Indirect Participants.
Purchases of Offered Securities under the DTC system must be made by or through Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for the Offered Securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each Offered Security, which we refer to as the Beneficial Owner, is in turn to be recorded on the Direct Participants’ and Indirect Participants’ records. Beneficial Owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchase.
Beneficial Owners are, however, expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the Direct Participant or Indirect Participant through which the Beneficial Owner entered into the transaction. Transfers of ownership interests in the Offered Securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of Direct Participants and Indirect Participants acting on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership
interests in Offered Securities, except in the event that use of the book-entry system for the Offered Securities is discontinued.
To facilitate subsequent transfers, all Offered Securities deposited by Direct Participants with DTC are registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co., or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of Offered Securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other DTC nominee do not effect any change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the Offered Securities; DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the Direct Participants to whose accounts such Offered Securities are credited, which may or may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Direct Participants and Indirect Participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Direct Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants and by Direct Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Beneficial Owners of Offered Securities may wish to take certain steps to augment the transmission to them of notices of significant events with respect to the Offered Securities, such as redemptions, tenders, defaults and proposed amendments to the Offered Security documents. For example, Beneficial Owners of Offered Securities may wish to ascertain that the nominee holding the Offered Securities for their benefit has agreed to obtain and transmit notices to Beneficial Owners. Alternatively, Beneficial Owners may wish to provide their names and addresses to the registrar and request that copies of notices be provided directly to them.
Redemption notices shall be sent to DTC. If less than all of the Offered Securities within an issue are being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each Direct Participant in such issue to be redeemed.
Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (nor any other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to Offered Securities unless authorized by a Direct Participant in accordance with DTC’s MMI Procedures. Under its usual procedures, DTC mails an Omnibus Proxy to the applicable Registrant as soon as possible after the record date. The Omnibus Proxy assigns Cede & Co.’s consenting or voting rights to those Direct Participants to whose accounts Offered Securities are credited on the record date (identified in a listing attached to the Omnibus Proxy).
Redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments on the Offered Securities will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit Direct Participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from the applicable Registrant or the agent, on payable date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC’s records. Payments by participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name”, and will be the responsibility of such participant and not of DTC, the agent or the applicable Registrant, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions and
dividend payments to Cede & Co. (or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC) is the responsibility of the applicable Registrant or the agent, disbursement of such payments to Direct Participants will be the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial Owners will be the responsibility of Direct Participants and Indirect Participants.
A Beneficial Owner shall give notice to elect to have its Offered Securities purchased or tendered, through its participant, to the tender or remarketing agent, and shall effect delivery of such Offered Securities by causing the Direct Participant to transfer the such participant’s interest in the Offered Securities, on DTC’s records, to such agent. The requirement for physical delivery of Offered Securities in connection with an optional tender or a mandatory purchase will be deemed satisfied when the ownership rights in the Offered Securities are transferred by Direct Participants on DTC’s records and followed by a book-entry credit of tendered Offered Securities to such agent’s DTC account.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as depository with respect to the Offered Securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to the applicable Registrant or the agent. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor depository is not obtained, Offered Security certificates are required to be printed and delivered.
The applicable Registrant may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry-only transfers through DTC (or a successor securities depository). In that event, Offered Security certificates will be printed and delivered to DTC.
The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC’s book-entry system has been obtained from sources that each Registrant believes to be reliable, but no Registrant takes any responsibility for the accuracy thereof.