Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________________ to _______________________

Commission File Number 0-20797

RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas	74-1733016
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

555 I.H. 35 South, Suite 500

New Braunfels, Texas 78130

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(830) 302-5200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller Reporting company ☐

			Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicated below is the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of October 31, 2023.

		Number of Shares
Title of Class		Outstanding
Class A Common Stock, $.01 Par Value		61,599,412
Class A Common Stock, $.01 Par Value		17,890,941

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value	RUSHA	NASDAQ Global Select Market
Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value	RUSHB	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Table of Contents

RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION			Page

	Item 1.	Financial Statements

		Consolidated Balance Sheets - September 30, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022	3

		Consolidated Statements of Income - For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	4

		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5

		Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	6

		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	8

		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	9

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	27

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28

	Item 5.	Other Information	29

	Item 6.	Exhibits	29

SIGNATURES			30

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements.

RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands, Except Shares)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	191,988		$	201,044
Accounts receivable, net		263,480			220,651
Inventories, net		1,671,623			1,429,429
Prepaid expenses and other		18,690			16,619
Total current assets		2,145,781			1,867,743
Property and equipment, net		1,474,662			1,368,594
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		107,406			102,685
Goodwill, net		416,420			416,363
Other assets, net		73,784			65,681
Total assets	$	4,218,053		$	3,821,066

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Floor plan notes payable	$	1,121,490		$	933,203
Current maturities of long-term debt		104,778			−
Current maturities of finance lease obligations		36,128			29,209
Current maturities of operating lease obligations		15,892			15,003
Trade accounts payable		177,142			171,717
Customer deposits		102,900			116,240
Accrued expenses		161,786			163,302
Total current liabilities		1,720,116			1,428,674
Long-term debt, net of current maturities		202,824			275,433
Finance lease obligations, net of current maturities		103,513			93,483
Operating lease obligations, net of current maturities		93,193			89,029
Other long-term liabilities		23,856			19,455
Deferred income taxes, net		155,468			151,970
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares outstanding in 2023 and 2022		–			–
Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 105,000,000 Class A shares and 35,000,000 Class B shares authorized; 62,053,249 Class A shares and 17,989,388 Class B shares outstanding in 2023; and 63,518,042 Class A shares and 18,124,627 Class B shares outstanding in 2022		804			572
Additional paid-in capital		533,648			500,642
Treasury stock, at cost: 266,519 Class A shares and 105,924 Class B shares in 2023; and 1,626,777 Class A shares and 1,112,446 Class B shares in 2022		(16,169	)		(130,930	)
Retained earnings		1,385,646			1,378,337
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(4,317	)		(4,130	)
Total Rush Enterprises, Inc. shareholders’ equity		1,899,612			1,744,491
Noncontrolling interest		19,471			18,531
Total shareholders’ equity		1,919,083			1,763,022
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	4,218,053		$	3,821,066

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022			2023		2022

Revenues
New and used commercial vehicle sales	$	1,235,767	$	1,142,201		$	3,648,286	$	3,176,175
Aftermarket products and services sales		643,623		622,130			1,942,979		1,763,691
Lease and rental sales		89,466		85,688			264,681		237,561
Finance and insurance		6,317		7,639			19,077		22,919
Other		5,567		6,628			20,536		18,383
Total revenue		1,980,740		1,864,286			5,895,559		5,218,729
Cost of products sold
New and used commercial vehicle sales		1,113,294		1,045,658			3,287,998		2,875,057
Aftermarket products and services sales		410,935		378,748			1,216,441		1,080,240
Lease and rental sales		62,106		58,482			184,098		162,378
Total cost of products sold		1,586,335		1,482,888			4,688,537		4,117,675
Gross profit		394,405		381,398			1,207,022		1,101,054
Selling, general and administrative expense		257,132		242,609			770,631		692,383
Depreciation and amortization expense		15,872		13,961			44,731		41,545
Gain on sale of assets		220		2,209			596		2,433
Operating income		121,621		127,037			392,256		369,559
Other income (expense)		133		(215	)		2,384		22,182
Interest expense, net		14,194		6,275			37,415		10,662
Income before taxes		107,560		120,547			357,225		381,079
Income tax provision		26,926		29,884			87,277		87,290
Net income		80,634		90,663			269,948		293,789
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		356		287			940		733
Net income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc.	$	80,278	$	90,376		$	269,008	$	293,056

Net income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc. per share of common stock:
Basic	$	0.99	$	1.09		$	3.30	$	3.51
Diluted	$	0.96	$	1.06		$	3.19	$	3.41

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		81,229		82,848			81,629		83,401
Diluted		83,987		85,313			84,251		86,045

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.17	$	0.14		$	0.45	$	0.39

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022

Net income	$	80,634		$	90,663		$	269,948		$	293,789
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation		(2,108	)		(5,701	)		(187	)		(5,823	)
Reclassification of currency translation related to equity method accounting		–			–			–			(601	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc.		(2,108	)		(5,701	)		(187	)		(6,424	)
Comprehensive income	$	78,526		$	84,962		$	269,761		$	287,365
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest		356			287			940			733
Comprehensive income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc.	$	78,170		$	84,675		$	268,821		$	286,632

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock Shares Outstanding						$0.01 Par		Additional Paid -In			Treasury			Retained			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Rush Enterprises, Inc. Shareholders’			Noncontrolling		Total Shareholders’
	Class A			Class B			Value		Capital			Stock			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Equity			Interest		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022		63,518			18,125		$	572	$	500,642		$	(130,930	)	$	1,378,337		$	(4,130	)	$	1,744,491		$	18,531	$	1,763,022
Stock options exercised and stock awards		228			–			2		3,412			–			–			–			3,414			–		3,414
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–			–			–		13,080			–			–			–			13,080			–		13,080
Vesting of restricted share awards		–			422			3		(6,964	)		–			–			–			(6,961	)		–		(6,961	)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		102			–			–		2,828			–			–			–			2,828			–		2,828
Common stock repurchases		(623	)		(84	)		–		–			(25,280	)		–			–			(25,280	)		–		(25,280	)
Cash dividends declared on Class A common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(8,897	)		–			(8,897	)		–		(8,897	)
Cash dividends declared on Class B common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(2,692	)		–			(2,692	)		–		(2,692	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–			–			–		–			–			–			232			232			–		232
Net income		–			–			–		–			–			90,455			–			90,455			335		90,790
Balance, March 31, 2023		63,225			18,463		$	577	$	512,998		$	(156,210	)	$	1,457,203		$	(3,898	)	$	1,810,670		$	18,866	$	1,829,536
Stock options exercised and stock awards		237			–			1		3,479			–			–			–			3,480			–		3,480
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–			–			–		5,952			–			–			–			5,952			–		5,952
Vesting of restricted share awards		–			–			–		(54	)		–			–			–			(54	)		–		(54	)
Common stock repurchases		(890	)		(195	)		–		–			(40,305	)		–			–			(40,305	)		–		(40,305	)
Cash dividends declared on Class A common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(8,812	)		–			(8,812	)		–		(8,812	)
Cash dividends declared on Class B common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(2,725	)		–			(2,725	)		–		(2,725	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–			–			–		–			–			–			1,689			1,689			–		1,689
Net income		–			–			–		–			–			98,275			–			98,275			249		98,524
Balance, June 30, 2023		62,572			18,268		$	578	$	522,375		$	(196,515	)	$	1,543,941		$	(2,209	)	$	1,868,170		$	19,115	$	1,887,285
Stock options exercised and stock awards		124			–			1		1,888			–			–			–			1,889			–		1,889
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–			–			–		6,265			–			–			–			6,265			–		6,265
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		107			–			1		3,123			–			–			–			3,124			–		3,124
Common stock repurchases		(750	)		(279	)		–		–			(44,174	)		–			–			(44,174	)		–		(44,174	)
Retirement of treasury shares and par value adjustment		–			–			224		(3	)		224,520			(224,744	)					(3	)				(3	)
Cash dividends declared on Class A common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(10,574	)		–			(10,574	)		–		(10,574	)
Cash dividends declared on Class B common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(3,255	)		–			(3,255	)		–		(3,255	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–			–			–		–			–			–			(2,108	)		(2,108	)		–		(2,108	)
Net income		–			–			–		–			–			80,278			–			80,278			356		80,634
Balance, September 30, 2023		62,053			17,989		$	804	$	533,648		$	(16,169	)	$	1,385,646		$	(4,317	)	$	1,899,612		$	19,471	$	1,919,083

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RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock Shares Outstanding						$0.01 Par		Additional Paid -In			Treasury			Retained			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Rush Enterprises, Inc. Shareholders’			Noncontrolling		Total Shareholders’
	Class A			Class B			Value		Capital			Stock			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Equity			Interest		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021		64,662			18,598		$	563	$	470,750		$	(36,933	)	$	1,031,582		$	787		$	1,466,749			–	$	1,466,749
Stock options exercised and stock awards		168			–			1		2,384			–			–			–			2,385			–		2,385
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–			–			–		13,793			–			–			–			13,793			–		13,793
Vesting of restricted share awards		–			454			3		(7,215	)		–			–			–			(7,212	)		–		(7,212	)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		99			–			1		2,434			–			–			–			2,435			–		2,435
Common stock repurchases		(288	)		(157	)		–		–			(15,315	)		–			–			(15,315	)		–		(15,315	)
Dividend Class A common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(8,189	)	––				(8,189	)		–		(8,189	)
Dividend Class B common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(2,505	)	––				(2,505	)		–		(2,505	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–			–			–		–			–			–			445			445			–		445
Net income		–			–			–		–			–			92,453			–			92,453			–		92,453
Balance, March 31, 2022		64,641			18,895		$	568	$	482,146		$	(52,248	)	$	1,113,341		$	1,232		$	1,545,039			–	$	1,545,039
Stock options exercised and stock awards		244			–			2		3,244			–			–			–			3,246			–		3,246
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–			–			–		4,203			–			–			–			4,203			–		4,203
Vesting of restricted share awards		–			–			–		(1,423	)		–			–			–			(1,423	)		–		(1,423	)
Common stock repurchases		(673	)		(496	)		–		–			(38,438	)		–			–			(38,438	)		–		(38,438	)
Dividend Class A common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(8,128	)	––				(8,128	)		–		(8,128	)
Dividend Class B common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(2,521	)	––				(2,521	)		–		(2,521	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–			–			–		–			–			–			(567	)		(567	)		–		(567	)
Reclassification of foreign currency translation related to equity method		–			–			–		–			–			–			(601	)		(601	)		–		(601	)
Noncontrolling interest equity		–			–			–		–			–			–			–			–			17,828		17,828
Net income		–			–			–		–			–			110,227			–			110,227			446		110,673
Balance, June 30, 2022		64,212			18,399		$	570	$	488,170		$	(90,686	)	$	1,212,919		$	64		$	1,611,037		$	18,274	$	1,629,311
Stock options exercised and stock awards		16			–			–		227			–			–			–			227			–		227
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan		–			–			–		3,554			–			–			–			3,554			–		3,554
Vesting of restricted share awards		–			3			–		(31	)		–			–			–			(31	)		–		(31	)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		102			–			1		2,783												2,784					2,784
Common stock repurchases		(769	)		(264	)		–		–			(33,095	)		–			–			(33,095	)		–		(33,095	)
Dividend Class A common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(8,995	)	––				(8,995	)		–		(8,995	)
Dividend Class B common stock		–			–			–		–			–			(2,698	)	––				(2,698	)		–		(2,698	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		–			–			–		–			–			–			(5,701	)		(5,701	)		–		(5,701	)
Net income		–			–			–		–			–			90,376			–			90,376			287		90,663
Balance, September 30, 2022		63,561			18,138		$	571	$	494,703		$	(123,781	)	$	1,291,602		$	(5,637	)	$	1,657,458		$	18,561	$	1,676,019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	269,948		$	293,789
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		165,145			146,477
Gain on sale of property and equipment		(596	)		(2,433	)
Gain on joint venture transaction		−			(12,500	)
Gain on business acquisition		−			(6,958	)
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and employee stock purchases		25,297			21,550
Provision for deferred income tax expense		3,508			7,921
Change in accounts receivable, net		(42,822	)		(75,066	)
Change in inventories, net		(193,668	)		(264,687	)
Change in prepaid expenses and other, net		(2,078	)		875
Change in trade accounts payable		4,576			44,069
Change in customer deposits		(13,334	)		9,650
Change in accrued expenses		(4,086	)		25,464
Other, net		(831	)		(4,832	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		211,059			183,319
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment		(289,079	)		(175,243	)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment		1,890			7,014
Business disposition		−			27,500
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired		−			(15,754	)
Other		(3,765	)		(11,691	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(290,954	)		(168,174	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Draws on floor plan notes payable – non-trade, net		188,420			277,261
Proceeds from long-term debt		995,081			695,169
Principal payments on long-term debt		(962,792	)		(788,757	)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations		(13,447	)		(11,091	)
Proceeds from issuance of shares relating to employee stock options and employee stock purchases		14,734			11,080
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards		(7,017	)		(8,669	)
Payments of cash dividends		(37,097	)		(33,123	)
Common stock repurchased		(107,037	)		(85,270	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		70,845			56,600
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(9,050	)		71,745
Effect of exchange rate on cash		(6	)		(372	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		201,044			148,146
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	191,988		$	219,519
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	40,233		$	12,966
Income taxes, net of refunds	$	80,759		$	74,320
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired under finance leases	$	40,144		$	14,290

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1 – Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The interim consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Rush Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”), without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All adjustments have been made to the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements, which, in the opinion of the Company’s management, are necessary for a fair presentation of its operating results. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. It is recommended that these interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim periods or the full fiscal year.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of deposits for the statutory restriction on cash related to the Company’s captive insurance company of $2.3 million as of September 30, 2023.

Stock Split

On July 25, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a 3-for-2 stock split of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock, which was effected in the form of a stock dividend. On August 28, 2023, the Company distributed one additional share of stock for every two shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, held by shareholders of record as of August 7, 2023. All share and per share data in this Form 10-Q have been adjusted and restated to reflect the stock split as if it occurred on the first day of the earliest period presented.

Authorized Shares

On May 16, 2023, the Company’s shareholders approved the Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company to increase the number of authorized shares of Class A Common Stock from 60,000,000 to 105,000,000 and Class B Common Stock from 20,000,000 to 35,000,000.

Treasury Stock Retirement

During the third quarter of 2023, the Company retired 3,052,899 shares of Class A common stock and 1,445,515 shares of Class B common stock. The Company recorded the retirement directly against retained earnings based on the Company’s policy election. The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method. There was no effect on the Company’s overall equity position due to the retirement of the treasury shares.

Foreign Currency Transactions

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiary, Rush Truck Centres of Canada Limited (“RTC Canada”), is the local currency, the Canadian dollar. Results of operations for RTC Canada are translated to USD using the average exchange rate on a monthly basis during each quarter. The assets and liabilities of RTC Canada are translated into USD using the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. The related translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

2 – Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation arising out of its operations in the ordinary course of business. The Company maintains liability insurance, including product liability coverage, in amounts deemed adequate by management. However, an uninsured or partially insured claim, or claim for which indemnification is not available, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. As of September 30, 2023, the Company believes that there are no pending claims or litigation, individually or in the aggregate, that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations for the fiscal period in which such resolution occurred.

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3 – Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share information):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share – Net income available to common shareholders	$	80,278	$	90,376	$	269,008	$	293,056
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding		81,229		82,848		81,629		83,401
Effect of dilutive securities – Employee and director stock options and restricted share awards		2,758		2,465		2,622		2,644
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions		83,987		85,313		84,251		86,045
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.99	$	1.09	$	3.30	$	3.51
Diluted earnings per common share and common share equivalents	$	0.96	$	1.06	$	3.19	$	3.41

Options to purchase shares of common stock that were outstanding for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive are as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended

September 30,

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

Weighted average anti-dilutive options

1,079

1,500

1,353

1,261

4 – Stock Options and Restricted Stock Awards

Valuation and Expense Information

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718-10, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to the Company’s employees and directors, including employee stock options, restricted stock awards and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, based on estimated fair values.

Stock-based compensation expense, calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for employee stock options, and included in selling, general and administrative expense, was $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Stock-based compensation expense was $25.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and $21.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $13.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested employee stock options to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years and $15.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock awards to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.

5 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Financial instruments consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and floor plan notes payable. The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments approximate fair value due either to their short-term nature or existence of variable interest rates, which approximate market rates. Certain methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of financial instruments as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The carrying value of current assets and current liabilities approximates the fair value due to the short maturity of these items.

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The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is based on secondary market indicators. Because the Company’s debt is not quoted, estimates are based on each obligation’s characteristics, including remaining maturities, variable interest rate, credit rating, collateral and liquidity. Accordingly, the Company concluded that the valuation measurement inputs of its long-term debt represent, at its lowest level, current market interest rates available to the Company for similar debt and the Company’s current credit standing. Thus, the carrying amount of such debt approximates fair value.

6 – Segment Information

The Company currently has one reportable business segment - the Truck Segment. The Truck Segment includes the Company’s operation of a network of commercial vehicle dealerships throughout the United States and Ontario, Canada that provide an integrated one-stop source for the commercial vehicle needs of its customers, including retail sales of new and used commercial vehicles; aftermarket parts, service and collision center facilities; and financial services, including the financing of new and used commercial vehicle purchases, insurance products and truck leasing and rentals. The commercial vehicle dealerships are deemed a single reporting unit because they have similar economic characteristics. The Company’s chief operating decision maker considers the entire Truck Segment, not individual dealerships or departments within its dealerships, when making decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assessing its performance.

The Company also has revenues attributable to three other operating segments. These segments include a retail tire company, an insurance agency and a guest ranch operation and are included in the All Other column below. None of these segments has ever met any of the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates performance based on income before income taxes, not including extraordinary items.

The following table contains summarized information about reportable segment revenues, segment income or loss from continuing operations and segment assets for the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Truck Segment		All Other			Total

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2023

Revenues from external customers	$	1,976,395	$	4,345		$	1,980,740
Segment operating income		121,675		(54	)		121,621
Segment income before taxes		107,614		(54	)		107,560
Segment assets		4,163,261		54,792			4,218,053

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023

Revenues from external customers	$	5,883,127	$	12,432		$	5,895,559
Segment operating income		391,870		386			392,256
Segment income before taxes		356,839		386			357,225

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2022

Revenues from external customers	$	1,859,823	$	4,463		$	1,864,286
Segment operating income		126,770		267			127,037
Segment income before taxes		120,373		174			120,547
Segment assets		3,688,151		54,428			3,742,579

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022

Revenues from external customers	$	5,205,802	$	12,927		$	5,218,729
Segment operating income		368,596		963			369,559
Segment income before taxes		380,397		682			381,079

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7 – Income Taxes

The Company had unrecognized income tax benefits totaling $5.3 million as a component of accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total of which, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. An unfavorable settlement would require a charge to income tax expense and a favorable resolution would be recognized as a reduction to income tax expense. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company had approximately $302,000 accrued for the payment of interest as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. No amounts were accrued for penalties.

The Company does not anticipate a significant change in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months. As of September 30, 2023, the tax years ended December 31, 2019 through 2022, remained subject to audit by federal tax authorities, and the tax years ended December 31, 2018 through 2022, remained subject to audit by state tax authorities.

8 – Revenue

The Company’s non-lease and rental revenues are primarily generated from the sale of finished products to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single delivery element and revenue from such sales is recognized when the customer obtains control, which is typically when the finished product is delivered to the customer. The Company’s material revenue streams have been identified as the following: the sale of new and used commercial vehicles, the arrangement of associated commercial vehicle financing and insurance contracts, the performance of commercial vehicle repair services and the sale of commercial vehicle parts. Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues.

The following table summarizes the Company’s disaggregated revenue by revenue source, excluding lease and rental revenue, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Commercial vehicle sales revenue	$	1,235,767	$	1,142,201	$	3,648,286	$	3,176,175
Parts revenue		376,183		373,207		1,141,081		1,080,552
Commercial vehicle repair service revenue		267,440		248,923		801,898		683,139
Finance revenue		2,869		4,113		9,369		13,211
Insurance revenue		3,448		3,526		9,708		9,708
Other revenue		5,567		6,628		20,536		18,383
Total	$	1,891,274	$	1,778,598	$	5,630,878	$	4,981,168

All of the Company's performance obligations and associated revenues are generally transferred to customers at a point in time. The Company did not have any material contract assets or contract liabilities on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2023. Revenues related to commercial vehicle sales, parts sales, commercial vehicle repair service, finance and the majority of other revenues are related to the Truck Segment.

9 – Leases

Lease of Vehicles as Lessor

The Company primarily leases commercial vehicles that the Company owns to customers primarily over periods of one to ten years. The Company does not separate lease and nonlease components. Nonlease components typically consist of maintenance and licensing for the commercial vehicle. The variable nonlease components are generally based on mileage. Some leases contain an option for the lessee to purchase the commercial vehicle at the end of the lease term.

The Company’s policy is to depreciate its lease and rental fleet using a straight-line method over each customer’s contractual lease term. The lease unit is depreciated to a residual value that approximates fair value at the expiration of the lease term. This policy results in the Company realizing reasonable gross margins while the unit is in service and a corresponding gain or loss on sale when the unit is sold at the end of the lease term.

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Lease and rental income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Minimum rental payments	$	77,685	$	73,797	$	229,276	$	205,070
Nonlease payments		11,781		11,891		35,405		32,491
Total	$	89,466	$	85,688	$	264,681	$	237,561

10 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(4,130	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		232
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	(3,898	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		1,689
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(2,209	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(2,108	)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	(4,317	)

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiary, RTC Canada, is its local currency. Results of operations of RTC Canada are translated into USD using the average exchange rates on a monthly basis during the year. The assets and liabilities of RTC Canada are translated into USD using the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. The related translation adjustments are recorded in a separate component of stockholders' equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss and the statement of comprehensive income.

11 – Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses to present the net amount of accounts receivable expected to be collected. Under Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, the Company is required to remeasure expected credit losses for financial instruments held on the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts.

Accounts receivable consists primarily of commercial vehicle sales receivables, manufacturers’ receivables and leasing, parts and service sales receivables and other trade receivables. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses based on the probability of default, its historical rate of losses, aging and current economic conditions. The Company writes off account balances when it has exhausted reasonable collection efforts and determined that the likelihood of collection is remote. These write-offs are charged against the allowance for credit losses.

The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

	Balance December 31, 2022		Provision for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023			Write offs Against Allowance, net of Recoveries			Balance September 30, 2023

Commercial vehicle receivables	$	160	$	(33	)	$	−		$	127
Manufacturers’ receivables		573		1,814			(1,414	)		973
Leasing, parts and service receivables		1,589		3,352			(2,561	)		2,380
Other receivables		−		9			(7	)		2
Total	$	2,322	$	5,142		$	(3,982	)	$	3,482

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12 – Acquisition

On May 2, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of an additional 30% equity interest in RTC Canada, resulting in an 80% controlling interest in RTC Canada. The acquisition was accounted for as an acquisition achieved in stages under ASC 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition-date fair value of the previous 50% equity interest was $44.7 million, resulting in a gain of $7.0 million included in the line item Other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company also recognized a reversal of deferred tax liabilities of $2.2 million and $0.6 million related to reclassification of the foreign currency translation adjustment related to the remeasurement of the Company’s previous equity method investment in RTC Canada Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

As of May 2, 2022, the Company established a noncontrolling interest related to the minority holders. The fair value of the 20% noncontrolling interest in RTC Canada is estimated to be $17.8 million. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was estimated using a combination of the income approach and a market approach. Since RTC Canada is a private company, the fair value measurement is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. The fair value estimates are based on: (i) a discount rate of 11%; (ii) a terminal value based on a long-term sustainable growth rate of 3%; (iii) financial multiples of companies in the same industry as RTC Canada; and (iv) adjustments because of the lack of control or lack of marketability that market participants would consider when estimating the fair value of the noncontrolling interest in RTC Canada.

The purchase price was allocated based on the fair values of the assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition as follows (in thousands):

Cash	$	4,310
Accounts receivable		19,072
Inventory		56,255
Property and equipment, including real estate		80,196
Floor plan notes payable		(30,501	)
Trade payables		(19,978	)
Customer deposits		(1,980	)
Accrued liabilities		(7,875	)
Notes payable		(69,545	)
Goodwill		44,174
Franchise rights		3,906
Other		3,422
Equity investment in RTC Canada		(37,309	)
Noncontrolling interest		(17,828	)
Gain on equity method investment		(6,958	)

Total	$	19,361

The goodwill of $44.2 million for the RTC Canada acquisition was primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the Company obtained a controlling interest in the entity.

Prior to May 2, 2022, the Company accounted for its 50% equity interest in RTC Canada as an equity-method investment. Subsequent to the Company’s acquisition of the additional 30% equity interest on May 2, 2022, operations of RTC Canada are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

13 – Subsequent Event

On November 1, 2023, the Company entered into that certain Second Amended and Restated Inventory Financing and Purchase Money Security Agreement with PACCAR Leasing Company (“PLC”), a division of PACCAR Financial Corp. (the “PLC Amended and Restated Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the PLC Amended and Restated Agreement, PLC agreed to make up to $300.0 million of revolving credit loans to finance certain of the Company’s capital expenditures, including commercial vehicle purchases and other equipment to be leased or rented through its PacLease franchises. The Company may borrow, repay and reborrow amounts pursuant to the PLC Amended and Restated Agreement from time to time until the maturity date, provided, however, that the outstanding principal amount on any date shall not exceed the borrowing base. The PLC Amended and Restated Agreement requires the Company to maintain a minimum balance threshold of $190,000,000. Advances under the PLC Amended and Restated Agreement bear interest per annum, payable on the fifth day of the following month, at our option, at either (A) the prime rate, minus 1.95%, provided that the floating rate of interest is subject to a floor of 0%, or (B) a fixed rate, to be determined between the Company and PLC in each instance of borrowing at a fixed rate. The PLC Amended and Restated Agreement expires on December 1, 2025, although either party has the right to terminate the PLC Amended and Restated Agreement at any time upon 180 days written notice.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Certain statements contained in this Form 10-Q (or otherwise made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), news releases, conferences, website postings or otherwise) that are not statements of historical fact constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified. Forward-looking statements include statements about the Company’s financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management of the Company for future operations. These forward-looking statements reflect the best judgments of the Company about the future events and trends based on the beliefs of the Company’s management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company’s management. Use of the words “may,” “should,” “continue,” “plan,” “potential,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect” and “intend” and words or phrases of similar import, as they relate to the Company or its subsidiaries or Company management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current view of the Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Please read Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, for a discussion of certain of those risks. Other unknown or unpredictable factors could also have a material adverse effect on future results. Although the Company believes that its expectations are reasonable as of the date of this Form 10-Q, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. The Company does not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements unless securities laws require it to do so, and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise.

The following comments should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Note Regarding Trademarks Commonly Used in the Company’s Filings

Peterbilt® is a registered trademark of Peterbilt Motors Company. PACCAR® is a registered trademark of PACCAR, Inc. PacLease® is a registered trademark of PACCAR Leasing Corporation. Navistar® is a registered trademark of Navistar International, Inc. International® is a registered trademark of Navistar, Inc. Idealease is a registered trademark of Idealease, Inc. aka Idealease of North America, Inc. Blue Bird® is a registered trademark of Blue Bird Investment Corporation. IC Bus® is a registered trademark of IC Bus, LLC. Hino® is a registered trademark of Hino Motors, Ltd. Isuzu® is a registered trademark of Isuzu Motors Limited. Ford® is a registered trademark of Ford Motor Company. Dennis Eagle®is a registered trademark of Dennis Eagle Limited. Cummins® is a registered trademark of Cummins, Inc. This report contains additional trade names or trademarks of other companies. Our use of such trade names or trademarks should not imply any endorsement or relationship with such companies.

General

Rush Enterprises, Inc. was incorporated in Texas in 1965 and consists of one reportable segment, the Truck Segment, and conducts business through its subsidiaries. Our principal offices are located at 555 IH 35 South, Suite 500, New Braunfels, Texas 78130.

We are a full-service, integrated retailer of commercial vehicles and related services. The Truck Segment includes our operation of a network of commercial vehicle dealerships under the name “Rush Truck Centers.” Rush Truck Centers primarily sell commercial vehicles manufactured by Peterbilt, International, Hino, Ford, Isuzu, Dennis Eagle, IC Bus and Blue Bird. Through our strategically located network of Rush Truck Centers, we provide one-stop service for the needs of our commercial vehicle customers, including retail sales of new and used commercial vehicles, aftermarket parts sales, service and repair facilities, financing, leasing and rental, and insurance products.

Our Rush Truck Centers are principally located in high traffic areas throughout the United States and Ontario, Canada. Since commencing operations as a Peterbilt heavy-duty truck dealer in 1966, we have grown to operate over 125 franchised Rush Truck Centers in 23 states. In 2019, we purchased a 50% equity interest in an entity in Canada, Rush Truck Centres of Canada Limited (“RTC Canada”) and on May 2, 2022, we purchased an additional 30% equity interest in RTC Canada that increased our equity interest to 80%. RTC Canada currently owns and operates 15 International dealership locations in Ontario. Prior to acquiring the additional 30%, we accounted for the equity interest in RTC Canada using the equity method of accounting. Now, the operating results of RTC Canada are consolidated in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, the Statements of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Balance Sheets and commercial vehicle unit sales data as of May 2, 2022.

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Our business strategy consists of providing solutions to the commercial vehicle industry through our network of commercial vehicle dealerships. We offer an integrated approach to meeting customer needs by providing service, parts and collision repairs in addition to new and used commercial vehicle sales and leasing, plus financial services, vehicle upfitting, CNG fuel systems through our joint venture with Cummins and vehicle telematics products. We intend to continue to implement our business strategy, reinforce customer loyalty and remain a market leader by continuing to develop our Rush Truck Centers as we expand our product offerings and extend our dealership network through strategic acquisitions of new locations and opening new dealerships in our existing areas of operation to enable us to better serve our customers.

Outlook

A.C.T. Research Co., LLC (“A. C.T. Research”), a commercial vehicle industry data and forecasting service provider, currently forecasts new U.S. Class 8 retail truck sales to be 278,000 units in 2023, which would represent a 7.2% increase compared to 2022. We expect our U.S. market share of new Class 8 truck sales to range between 5.9% and 6.5% in 2023. This market share percentage would result in the sale of approximately 16,000 to 17,500 new Class 8 trucks in 2023. Additionally, we expect to sell approximately 600 new Class 8 trucks in Canada in 2023.

With respect to new U.S. Class 4 through 7 retail commercial vehicle sales, A.C.T. Research currently forecasts sales to be 253,500 units in 2023, which would represent an 8.5% increase compared to 2022. We expect our U.S. market share of new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicle sales to range between 4.5% and 5.1% in 2023. This market share percentage would result in the sale of approximately 11,500 to 13,000 new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicles in 2023. Additionally, we expect to sell approximately 400 new Class 5 through 7 commercial vehicles in Canada in 2023.

We expect to sell approximately 1,800 to 2,000 light-duty vehicles and approximately 6,700 to 7,300 used commercial vehicles in 2023.

We expect lease and rental revenue to increase 10% to 15% during 2023, compared to 2022. This projected increase in lease and rental revenue is primarily related to strong demand for lease commercial vehicles and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

With respect to Aftermarket Products and Services, growth in our aftermarket revenues moderated in the third quarter of 2023 compared to earlier in the year, and we expect that challenging economic conditions that are currently affecting many of our customers, including high interest rates and low freight rates, will continue to negatively impact our Aftermarket Product and Services revenues going forward. In addition, we believe that the industry may experience some deflation with respect to the prices of certain commodity parts due to softening demand. However, despite a challenging operating environment, we believe that the diversity of our customer base, as well as our focus on operational excellence, mobile service and supporting large national fleets, will allow us to offset some of the current industry challenges, and that our results will continue to outpace the industry.

The above projections for new commercial vehicle sales will depend on our ability to obtain commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent and such projections could be negatively impacted by manufacturer allocation decisions, supply chain issues affecting manufacturers’ production and delivery delays by truck body upfitters due to supply issues, which are primarily affecting medium-duty truck deliveries. In addition, we continue to monitor inflation, interest rates and freight rates, which may negatively impact consumer spending and capital expenditures across a variety of industries we support.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. In accordance with GAAP, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates, judgments and assumptions on an ongoing basis, and while we believe that our estimates, judgments and assumptions are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time. Actual results might differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our Form 10-K. There were no material changes to our significant accounting policies.

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Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis includes our historical results of operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

The following table sets forth certain financial data as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue
New and used commercial vehicle sales		62.4	%		61.3	%		61.9	%		60.9	%
Aftermarket products and services sales		32.5			33.4			33.0			33.8
Lease and rental sales		4.5			4.6			4.5			4.6
Finance and insurance		0.3			0.4			0.3			0.4
Other		0.3			0.3			0.3			0.3
Total revenues		100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0
Cost of products sold		80.1			79.5			79.5			78.9
Gross profit	19.9			20.5			20.5				21.1
Selling, general and administrative		13.0			13.0			13.1			13.3
Depreciation and amortization		0.8			0.8			0.7			0.8
Gain on sale of assets		0.0			0.1			0.0			0.1
Operating income		6.1			6.8			6.7			7.1
Other income		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.4
Interest expense, net		0.7			0.3			0.6			0.2
Income before income taxes		5.4			6.5			6.1			7.3
Provision for income taxes		1.4			1.6			1.5			1.7
Net income		4.0			4.9			4.6			5.6
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0
Net income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc.		4.0	%		4.9	%		4.6	%		5.6	%

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percent of gross profit by revenue source:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Gross Profit:
New and used commercial vehicle sales		31.1	%		25.3	%		29.8	%		27.4	%
Aftermarket products and services sales		59.0			63.8			60.2			62.1
Lease and rental		6.9			7.1			6.7			6.8
Finance and insurance		1.6			2.0			1.6			2.1
Other		1.4			1.8			1.7			1.6
Total gross profit		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

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The following table sets forth the unit sales and revenues for new heavy-duty, new medium-duty, new light-duty and used commercial vehicles and our absorption ratio (revenue in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			% Change			2023			2022			% Change
Vehicle unit sales:
New heavy-duty vehicles		4,326			4,200			3.0	%		12,991			11,896			9.2	%
New medium-duty vehicles		3,244			3,223			0.7	%		9,757			8,179			19.3	%
New light-duty vehicles		425			608			-30.1	%		1,381			1,497			-7.7	%
Total new vehicle unit sales		7,995			8,031			-0.4	%		24,129			21,572			11.9	%
Used vehicles		1,797			1,763			1.9	%		5,350			5,787			-7.6	%
Vehicle revenues:
New heavy-duty vehicles	$	756.1		$	688.3			9.9	%	$	2,266.6		$	1,925.7			17.7	%
New medium-duty vehicles		332.9			284.1			17.2	%		952.3			702.4			35.6	%
New light-duty vehicles		25.7			30.5			-15.7	%		80.6			74.5			8.2	%
Total new vehicle revenue	$	1,114.7		$	1,002.9			11.1	%	$	3,299.5		$	2,702.6			22.1	%
Used vehicle revenue	$	109.1		$	131.5			-17.0	%	$	319.5		$	459.7			-30.5	%
Other vehicle revenues:⁽¹⁾	$	12.0		$	7.8			53.8	%	$	29.3		$	13.9			110.8	%
Absorption ratio:		132.8	%		136.2	%		-2.5	%		136.7	%		136.6	%		0.1	%

(1) Includes sales of truck bodies, trailers and other new equipment.

Key Performance Indicator

Absorption Ratio

Management uses several performance metrics to evaluate the performance of our commercial vehicle dealerships and considers Rush Truck Centers’ “absorption ratio” to be of critical importance. Our absorption ratio is calculated by dividing the gross profit from our Aftermarket Products and Services departments by the overhead expenses of all of a dealership’s departments, except for the selling expenses of the new and used commercial vehicle departments and carrying costs of new and used commercial vehicle inventory. When 100% absorption is achieved, all of the gross profit from the sale of a commercial vehicle, after sales commissions and inventory carrying costs, directly impacts operating profit. Our commercial vehicle dealerships achieved a 132.8% absorption ratio for the third quarter of 2023 compared to a 136.2% absorption ratio for the third quarter of 2022.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Revenues

Total revenues increased $116.5 million, or 6.2%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022. This increase was primarily the result of strong demand for new commercial vehicles and increased production of commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent.

Our Aftermarket Products and Services revenues totaled $643.6 million in the third quarter of 2023, up 3.5% from the third quarter of 2022. The slight increase in Aftermarket Parts and Services revenues was related to the continued stabilization of parts pricing and economic pressures that are negatively affecting our over-the-road customers.

Revenues from sales of new and used commercial vehicles increased $93.6 million, or 8.2%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022. The increase in new commercial vehicle revenues was primarily a result of strong demand and increased production of commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent.

We sold 4,326 new Class 8 trucks in the third quarter of 2023, a 3.0% increase compared to 4,200 new Class 8 trucks sold in the third quarter of 2022. The increase in new Class 8 truck sales was primarily a result of strong demand and increased production of commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent. New U.S. Class 8 retail truck sales totaled 68,010 units in the third quarter of 2023, an increase of 0.1% compared to the third quarter of 2022, according to ACT Research.

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We sold 3,244 new Class 4 through 7 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 422 buses, in the third quarter of 2023, a 0.7% increase compared to 3,223 new medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 537 buses, in the third quarter of 2022. Our new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicle sales were flat on a year-over-year basis primarily due to allocation decisions from the manufacturers we represent. We are still experiencing limited production of medium-duty commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent. New U.S. Class 4 through 7 retail commercial vehicle sales totaled 65,683 units in the third quarter of 2023, up 9.1% compared to the third quarter of 2022, according to ACT Research.

We sold 425 light-duty vehicles in the third quarter of 2023, a 30.1% decrease compared to 608 light-duty vehicles sold in the third quarter of 2022.

We sold 1,797 used commercial vehicles in the third quarter of 2023, a 1.9% increase compared to 1,763 used commercial vehicles in the third quarter of 2022. We expect used commercial vehicle demand and values to remain low through 2023 due to new commercial vehicle production continuing to increase, high interest rates and anticipated low freight rates.

Commercial vehicle lease and rental revenues increased $3.8 million, or 4.4%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022. This increase in commercial vehicle lease and rental revenues was primarily a result of strong demand for lease commercial vehicles.

Finance and insurance revenues decreased $1.3 million, or 17.3%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022. This decrease is primarily due to the mix of purchasers of commercial vehicles. During the third quarter of 2023, most of our sales were to larger fleets, which usually arrange their own financing. We are more likely to provide financing to owner-operators and smaller fleets, which comprised a smaller percentage of commercial vehicle sales during the third quarter of 2023. Finance and insurance revenues have limited direct costs and, therefore, contribute a disproportionate share of our operating profits.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased $13.0 million, or 3.4%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 19.9% in the third quarter of 2023, from 20.5% in the third quarter of 2022. This decrease in gross profit as a percentage of sales is a result of a change in our product sales mix. Commercial vehicle sales, a lower margin revenue item, increased as a percentage of total revenues to 62.4% in the third quarter of 2023, from 61.3% in the third quarter of 2022. Aftermarket Products and Services revenues, a higher margin revenue item, decreased as a percentage of total revenues to 32.5% in the third quarter of 2023, from 33.4% in the third quarter of 2022.

Gross margins from our Aftermarket Products and Services operations decreased to 36.2% in the third quarter of 2023, from 39.1% in the third quarter of 2022. Gross profit for the Aftermarket Products and Services departments decreased to $232.7 million in the third quarter of 2023, from $243.4 million in the third quarter of 2022. This decrease is primarily related to continued stabilization of parts pricing and softening demand due to difficult economic conditions impacting many of our customers. Historically, gross margins on parts sales range from 28% to 30% and gross margins on service and collision center operations range from 66% to 68%. Gross profits from parts sales represented 58.4% of total gross profit for Aftermarket Products and Services operations in the third quarter of 2023 and 62.8% in the third quarter of 2022. Service and collision center operations represented 41.6% of total gross profit for Aftermarket Products and Services operations in the third quarter of 2023 and 37.2% in the third quarter of 2022. We expect blended gross margins on Aftermarket Products and Services operations to range from 36.0% to 38.0% in 2023.

Gross margins on new Class 8 truck sales remained flat at 9.9% in the third quarter of 2023 and the third quarter of 2022. In 2023, we expect overall gross margins from new heavy-duty truck sales of approximately 9.0% to 10.0%.

Gross margins on new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicle sales increased to 9.2% in the third quarter of 2023, from 7.9% in the third quarter of 2022. This increase was primarily due to the mix of purchasers during the third quarter of 2023. For 2023, we expect overall gross margins from new medium-duty commercial vehicle sales of approximately 8.5% to 9.5%, but this will largely depend upon the mix of purchasers and types of vehicles sold.

Gross margins on used commercial vehicle sales increased to 11.3% in the third quarter of 2023, from 1.6% in the third quarter of 2022. This increase was primarily due to strategic inventory management of our used commercial vehicle inventory. We expect margins on used commercial vehicles to range between 8.0% and 10.0% in 2023.

Gross margins from truck lease and rental sales decreased to 30.6% in the third quarter of 2023, from 31.8% in the third quarter of 2022. This decrease is primarily related to a decrease in rental utilization rates. We expect gross margins from lease and rental sales of approximately 29.0% to 31.0% during 2023. Our policy is to depreciate our lease and rental fleet using a straight-line method over each customer’s contractual lease term. The lease unit is depreciated to a residual value that approximates fair value at the expiration of the lease term. This policy results in us realizing reasonable gross margins while the unit is in service and a corresponding gain or loss on sale when the unit is sold at the end of the lease term.

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Finance and insurance revenues and other income, as described above, have limited direct costs and, therefore, contribute a disproportionate share of gross profit.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased $14.5 million, or 6.0%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022. This increase primarily resulted from increased personnel expense, increased selling expense and other increased costs due to inflation, compared to the third quarter of 2022. SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues remained constant at 13.0% in the third quarter of 2023 and 2022. Annual SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues have ranged from approximately 12.4% to 14.4% over the last five years. In general, when new and used commercial vehicle revenues increase as a percentage of total revenues, SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues will be at the lower end of this range. For 2023, we expect SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenues to range from 12.8% to 13.5%. For 2023, we expect the selling portion of SG&A expenses to be approximately 25.0% to 30.0% of new and used commercial vehicle gross profit.

Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense increased $7.9 million, or 126.2%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022. This increase in interest expense is a result of the increase in inventory levels and rising interest rates on our variable rate debt compared to 2022. We expect net interest expense in 2023, compared to 2022, to increase due to interest related to our working capital lines of credit and floor plan debt, but the amount of the increase will depend on inventory levels, interest rate fluctuations and the amount of cash available to make prepayments on our floor plan arrangements.

Income before Income Taxes

As a result of the factors described above, income before income taxes decreased $13.0 million, or 10.8%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022.

Income Taxes

Income taxes decreased $3.0 million, or 9.9%, in the third quarter of 2023, compared to the third quarter of 2022. We provided for taxes at a 25.0% effective rate in the third quarter of 2023 and 24.79% in the third quarter of 2022. We expect our effective tax rate to be approximately 24.0% to 25.0% of pretax income in 2023.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Unless otherwise stated below, our variance explanations and future expectations with regard to the items discussed in this section are set forth in the discussion of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022.

Revenues

Total revenues increased $676.8 million, or 13.0%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022. This increase was primarily the result of strong demand for new commercial vehicles, increased production of commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results as of May 2022.

Aftermarket Products and Services revenues increased $179.3 million, or 10.2%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022. The increase in Aftermarket Parts and Services revenues was related to healthy demand during the first six months of 2023 and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

Revenues from the sales of new and used commercial vehicles increased $472.1 million, or 14.9%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022. The increase in new commercial vehicle revenues was primarily a result of strong demand, increased production of commercial vehicles from the manufacturers we represent and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

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We sold 12,991 new Class 8 heavy-duty trucks during the first nine months of 2023, a 9.2% increase compared to 11,896 new Class 8 heavy-duty trucks in the first nine months of 2022. According to A.C.T. Research, new U.S. Class 8 truck sales increased 12.9% in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022.

We sold 9,757 new Class 4 through 7 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 1,232 buses, during the first nine months of 2023, a 19.3% increase compared to 8,179 new Class 4 through 7 medium-duty commercial vehicles, including 1,041 buses, in the first nine months of 2022. A.C.T. Research estimates that unit sales of new Class 4 through 7 commercial vehicles, including buses, in the U.S increased approximately 9.2% in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022.

We sold 1,381 new light-duty commercial vehicles during the first nine months of 2023, a 7.7% decrease compared to 1,497 light-duty commercial vehicles in the first nine months of 2022.

We sold 5,350 used commercial vehicles during the first nine months of 2023, a 7.6% decrease compared to 5,787 used commercial vehicles in the first nine months of 2022.

Truck lease and rental revenues increased $27.1 million, or 11.4%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022. This increase in commercial vehicle lease and rental revenues was primarily a result of strong demand for lease commercial vehicles and the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

Finance and insurance revenues decreased $3.8 million, or 16.8%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased $106.0 million, or 9.6%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decreased to 20.5% in the first nine months of 2023, from 21.1% in the first nine months of 2022.

Gross margins from our Aftermarket Products and Services operations decreased to 37.4% in the first nine months of 2023, from 38.8% in the first nine months of 2022. Gross profit for the Aftermarket Products and Services departments was $726.5 million in the first nine months of 2023, compared to $683.5 million in the first nine months of 2022. This increase is primarily related to the consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results and strong parts and service demand in the first six months of 2023. Gross profits from parts sales represented 60.1% of total gross profit for Aftermarket Products and Services operations in the first nine months of 2023 and 63.0% in the first nine months of 2022. Service and collision center operations represented 39.9% of total gross profit for Aftermarket Products and Services operations in the first nine months of 2023 and 37.0% in the first nine months of 2022.

Gross margins on new Class 8 truck sales increased to 10.0% in the first nine months of 2023, from 9.9% in the first nine months of 2022.

Gross margins on new Class 4 through 7 medium-duty commercial vehicle sales increased to 8.9% in the first nine months of 2023, from 7.9% in the first nine months of 2022.

Gross margins on used commercial vehicle sales increased to 10.8% in the first nine months of 2023, from 10.2% in the first nine months of 2022.

Gross margins from truck lease and rental sales decreased to 30.4% in the first nine months of 2023, from 31.6% in the first nine months of 2022.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses increased $78.2 million, or 11.3%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022. SG&A expenses equaled 13.1% of total revenue in the first nine months of 2023, and 13.3% in the first nine months of 2022. This increase primarily resulted from increased personnel expense, increased selling expense and other increased costs due to inflation, compared to the first nine months of 2022, and in addition, increased general and administrative expense associated with consolidation of RTC Canada into our operating results.

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Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense increased $26.8 million, or 250.9%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022.

Income before Income Taxes

Income before income taxes decreased $23.9 million, or 6.3%, in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022.

Provision for Income Taxes

Income taxes remained flat in the first nine months of 2023, compared to the first nine months of 2022. We provided for taxes at a 24.4% rate in the first nine months of 2023 and a 22.9% rate in the first nine months of 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our short-term cash requirements are primarily for working capital, inventory financing, the renovation and expansion of existing facilities and the construction or purchase of new facilities. Historically, these cash requirements have been met through the retention of profits, borrowings under our floor plan arrangements and bank financings. As of September 30, 2023, we had working capital of approximately $425.7 million, including $192.0 million in cash, available to fund our operations. We believe that these funds, together with expected cash flows from operations, are sufficient to meet our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months. From time to time, we utilize our excess cash on hand to pay down our outstanding borrowings under various credit agreements. The resulting interest earned on the floor plan credit agreement with BMO Harris Bank N.A. (“BMO Harris”) (the “Floor Plan Credit Agreement”) is recognized as an offset to our interest expense.

We continually evaluate our liquidity and capital resources based upon: (i) our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on hand; (ii) the funds that we expect to generate through future operations; (iii) current and expected borrowing availability under our secured line of credit, working capital lines of credit available under certain of our credit agreements and our Floor Plan Credit Agreement; and (iv) the potential impact of our capital allocation strategy and any contemplated or pending future transactions, including, but not limited to, acquisitions, equity repurchases, dividends, or other capital expenditures. We believe we will have sufficient liquidity to meet our debt service and working capital requirements, commitments and contingencies, debt repayments, acquisitions, capital expenditures and any operating requirements for at least the next twelve months.

We have a secured line of credit that provides for a maximum borrowing of $20.0 million. There were no advances outstanding under this secured line of credit on September 30, 2023, however, $18.0 million was pledged to secure various letters of credit related to self-insurance products, leaving $2.0 million available for future borrowings as of September 30, 2023.

Our long-term debt, floor plan financing agreements and the credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association the (“WF Credit Agreement”) require us to satisfy various financial ratios such as the leverage ratio, the asset coverage ratio and the fixed charge coverage ratio. As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all debt covenants related to debt secured by lease and rental units, our floor plan credit agreements and the WF Credit Agreement. We do not anticipate any breach of the covenants in the foreseeable future.

We expect to purchase or lease commercial vehicles worth approximately $240.0 million to $260.0 million for our leasing operations during 2023, depending on customer demand. We also expect to make capital expenditures for the purchase of recurring items such as computers, shop tools and equipment and company vehicles of approximately $35.0 million to $40.0 million during 2023.

We are currently under contract to construct a new facility in the St. Louis, Missouri area at an estimated cost of $13.9 million.

During the third quarter of 2023, we paid a cash dividend of $13.7 million. On July 25, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split with respect to both the Company’s Class A and Class B common stock. The stock split was effected in the form of a stock dividend paid on August 28, 2023, to shareholders of record as of August 7, 2023. Holders of the Company’s common stock received an additional one-half share for each share of common stock held as of the record date. Additionally, on October 24, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.17 per share of Class A and Class B common stock, to be paid on December 12, 2023, to all shareholders of record as of November 9, 2023. We expect to continue paying cash dividends on a quarterly basis. However, there is no assurance as to future dividends because the declaration and payment of such dividends is subject to the business judgment of our Board of Directors and will depend on historic and projected earnings, capital requirements, covenant compliance and financial conditions and such other factors as our Board of Directors deem relevant.

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On December 2, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program authorizing management to repurchase, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $150.0 million of our shares of Class A common stock and/or Class B common stock. In connection with the adoption of the new stock repurchase plan, we terminated the prior stock repurchase plan, which was scheduled to expire on December 31, 2022. Repurchases, if any, will be made at times and in amounts as we deem appropriate and may be made through open market transactions at prevailing market prices, privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. The actual timing, number of shares and value of repurchases under the stock repurchase program will be determined by management at its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including market conditions, stock price and other factors. As of September 30, 2023, we had repurchased $114.9 million of our shares of common stock under the current stock repurchase program, excluding federal excise tax. The current stock repurchase program expires on December 31, 2023, and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 imposed a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. We have reflected the applicable excise tax in treasury stock as part of the cost basis of the stock repurchased.

We anticipate funding the capital expenditures for the improvement and expansion of existing facilities and recurring expenses through our operating cash flows. We have the ability to fund the construction or purchase of new facilities through our operating cash flows or by financing.

We have no other material commitments for capital expenditures as of September 30, 2023. However, we will continue to purchase vehicles for our lease and rental operations and authorize capital expenditures for the improvement or expansion of our existing dealership facilities and construction or purchase of new facilities based on market opportunities.

Cash Flows

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash decreased by $9.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and increased by $71.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The major components of these changes are discussed below.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities include net income adjusted for non-cash items and the effects of changes in working capital. During the first nine months of 2023, operating activities resulted in net cash provided by operations of $211.1 million. Net cash provided by operating activities primarily consisted of $269.9 million in net income, as well as non-cash adjustments related to depreciation and amortization of $165.1 million, gain on sale of property and equipment of $0.6 million, stock-based compensation of $25.3 million and the benefit for deferred income tax expense of $3.5 million. Cash used by operating activities included an aggregate of $252.2 million net change in operating assets and liabilities. Included in the net change in operating assets and liabilities were cash inflows of $4.5 million from the increase in accounts payable, which was offset primarily by cash outflows of $193.7 million from the increase in inventories, $42.8 million from the increase in accounts receivable, $13.3 million from the decrease in customer deposits and $4.1 million from the decrease in accrued expenses. The majority of our commercial vehicle inventory is financed through our floor plan credit agreements.

During the first nine months of 2022, operating activities resulted in net cash provided by operations of $183.3 million. Net cash provided by operating activities primarily consisted of $293.8 million in net income, as well as non-cash adjustments related to depreciation and amortization of $146.5 million, gain on sale of property and equipment, gain on joint venture and gain on business acquisition of $21.9 million, stock-based compensation of $21.6 million and the benefit for deferred income tax expense of $7.9 million. Cash used by operating activities included an aggregate of $264.5 million net change in operating assets and liabilities. Included in the net change in operating assets and liabilities were cash inflows of $44.1 million from the increase in accounts payable, $9.7 million from the increase in customer deposits and $25.5 million from the increase in accrued expenses, which was offset primarily by cash outflows of $264.7 million from the increase in inventories and $75.1 million from the increase in accounts receivable.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the first nine months of 2023, cash used in investing activities was $291.0 million. Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of cash used for the acquisition of property and equipment. Acquisition of property and equipment totaled $289.1 million during the first six months of 2023 and consisted primarily of purchases of machine and shop equipment, furniture and fixtures, real estate and facilities, improvements to our existing dealership facilities and $210.5 million for purchases of rental and lease vehicles for our rental and leasing operations.

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During the first nine months of 2022, cash used in investing activities was $168.2 million. Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of cash used for the acquisition of property and equipment. Acquisition of property and equipment totaled $175.2 million during the first nine months of 2022 and consisted primarily of purchases of machine and shop equipment, furniture and fixtures, real estate and facilities, improvements to our existing dealership facilities and $122.3 million for purchases of rental and lease vehicles for our rental and leasing operations.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities include borrowings and repayments of long-term debt and net proceeds of floor plan notes payable, non-trade. During the first nine months of 2023, financing activities resulted in net cash provided by financing activities of $70.8 million, primarily related to $188.4 million from net draws on floor plan notes payable, non-trade, $995.1 million from borrowings of long-term debt and $14.7 million from the issuance of shares related to equity compensation plans. These cash inflows were offset by cash outflows of $976.2 million used for principal repayments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations, $107.0 million used for repurchases of common stock, $7.0 million for taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards and $37.1 million used for payment of cash dividends.

During the first nine months of 2022, financing activities resulted in net cash provided by financing activities of $56.6 million, primarily related to $277.3 million from net draws on floor plan notes payable, non-trade, $695.2 million from borrowings of long-term debt and $11.1 million from the issuance of shares related to equity compensation plans. These cash inflows were offset by cash outflows of $799.8 million used for principal repayments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations, $52.3 million used for repurchases of common stock, $8.7 million for taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards and $33.1 million used for payment of cash dividends.

On September 14, 2021, we entered into the WF Credit Agreement with the lenders signatory thereto (the “WF Lenders”) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“WF”), as Administrative Agent (in such capacity, the “WF Agent”) which was amended effective November 30, 2022. Pursuant to the terms of the WF Credit Agreement (as amended), the WF Lenders have agreed to make up to $175.0 million of revolving credit loans for certain of our capital expenditures, including commercial vehicle purchases for our Idealease leasing and rental fleet, and general working capital needs. We expect to use the revolving credit loans available under the WF Credit Agreement primarily for the purpose of purchasing commercial vehicles for our Idealease lease and rental fleet. We may borrow, repay and reborrow amounts pursuant to the WF Credit Agreement from time to time until the maturity date. Borrowings under the WF Credit Agreement bear interest per annum, payable on each interest payment date, as defined in the WF Credit Agreement, at (A) the daily simple, secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) plus (i) 1.25% or (ii) 1.5%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio or (B) on or after the term SOFR transition date, the term SOFR plus (i) 1.25% or (ii) 1.5%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. The WF Credit Agreement expires on September 14, 2024, although, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the WF Agent has the right to, or upon the request of the required lenders must, terminate the commitments and declare all outstanding principal and interest due and payable. We may terminate the commitments at any time. On September 30, 2023, we had approximately $104.8 million outstanding under the WF Credit Agreement.

On October 1, 2021, we entered into that certain Amended and Restated Inventory Financing and Purchase Money Security Agreement with PACCAR Leasing Company (“PLC”), a division of PACCAR Financial Corp. (the “PLC Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the PLC Agreement, PLC agreed to make up to $300.0 million of revolving credit loans to finance certain of our capital expenditures, including commercial vehicle purchases and other equipment to be leased or rented through our PacLease franchises. We may borrow, repay and reborrow amounts pursuant to the PLC Agreement from time to time until the maturity date, provided, however, that the outstanding principal amount on any date shall not exceed the borrowing base. Advances under the PLC Agreement bear interest per annum, payable on the fifth day of the following month, at our option, at either (A) the prime rate, minus 1.55%, provided that the floating rate of interest is subject to a floor of 0%, or (B) a fixed rate, to be determined between us and PLC in each instance of borrowing at a fixed rate. The PLC Agreement expires on October 1, 2025, although either party has the right to terminate the PLC Agreement at any time upon 180 days written notice. If we terminate the PLC Agreement prior to October 1, 2025, then all payments will be deemed to be voluntary prepayments subject to a potential prepayment premium. On September 30, 2023, we had approximately $150.0 million outstanding under the PLC Agreement.

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Most of our commercial vehicle purchases are made on terms requiring payment to the manufacturer within 15 to 60 days or less from the date the commercial vehicles are invoiced from the factory. Navistar Financial Corporation and Peterbilt offer trade terms that provide an interest-free inventory stocking period for certain new commercial vehicles. This interest-free period is generally 15 to 60 days. If the commercial vehicle is not sold within the interest-free period, we then finance the commercial vehicle under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement. On September 14, 2021, we entered into Floor Plan Credit Agreement with BMO Harris and the lenders signatory thereto. The Floor Plan Credit Agreement includes an aggregate loan commitment of $1.0 billion. Prior to June 1, 2023, borrowings under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement bore interest at an annual rate equal to (A) the greater of (i) zero and (ii) one month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), determined on the last day of the prior month, plus (B) 1.10% and were payable monthly. On May 31, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to the Floor Plan Credit Agreement that changed the benchmark interest rate to Term SOFR, as defined by the First Amendment. Effective June 1, 2023, borrowings under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement now bear interest per annum, payable monthly, at (A) the greater of (i) zero and (ii) Term SOFR, plus (B) 1.20%. Borrowings under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement for the purchase of used inventory are limited to $150.0 million and loans for working capital purposes are limited to $200.0 million. The Floor Plan Credit Agreement expires September 14, 2026, although BMO Harris has the right to terminate at any time upon 360 days written notice and we may terminate at any time, subject to specified limited exceptions. On September 30, 2023, we had approximately $947.7 million outstanding under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement. The average daily outstanding borrowings under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement were $855.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. We utilize our excess cash on hand to pay down our outstanding borrowings under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement, and the resulting interest earned is recognized as an offset to our gross interest expense under the Floor Plan Credit Agreement.

On May 31, 2022, RTC Canada entered into that certain BMO Revolving Lease and Rental Credit Agreement (the “RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement”) with BMO. Pursuant to the terms of the RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement, BMO agreed to make up to $120.0 million CAD of revolving credit loans to finance certain of RTC Canada’s capital expenditures, including commercial vehicle purchases and other equipment to be leased or rented through RTC Canada’s Idealease franchise, with an additional $20.0 million CAD available upon the request of RTC Canada and consent of BMO. Advances under the RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest per annum, payable on the first business day of each calendar month, at the Canadian Offered Dollar Rate (“CDOR”), plus 1.35%. The RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement expires September 14, 2026. On September 30, 2023, we had approximately $71.7 million CAD outstanding under the RTC Canada Revolving Credit Agreement.

On July 15, 2022, RTC Canada entered into that certain Amended and Restated BMO Wholesale Financing and Security Agreement (the “RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement”) with Bank of Montreal (“BMO”). Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, BMO agreed to make up to $116.7 million CAD of revolving credit loans to finance RTC Canada’s purchase of new and used vehicle inventory. Loans to purchase used vehicle inventory are limited to twenty percent (20%) of the credit limit available at such time. RTC Canada may borrow, repay and reborrow loans from time to time until the maturity date, provided, however, that the outstanding principal amount on any date shall not exceed the credit limits set forth above with respect to new and used vehicles. Prior to June 1, 2023, advances under the RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement bore interest per annum, payable on the first business day of each calendar month, at CDOR, plus 0.90% and in the case of an advance required to be made in USD dollars, at LIBOR, plus 1.10%. On June 1, 2023, RTC Canada entered into the First Amendment to the RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement that changed the interest rate in the case of an advance required to be made in USD dollars to Term SOFR, as defined by the First Amendment. Effective June 1, 2023, advances required to be made in USD dollars under the RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement will now bear interest per annum, payable monthly, at Term SOFR, plus 1.20%. The RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement expires September 14, 2026. On September 30, 2023, we had approximately $67.2 million CAD outstanding under the RTC Canada Floor Plan Agreement.

Backlog

On September 30, 2023, our backlog of commercial vehicle orders was approximately $3,297.4 million, compared to a backlog of commercial vehicle orders of approximately $3,300.1 million on September 30, 2022. The flatness of our backlog reflects the allocation decisions of the manufacturers we represent and continued demand associated with production constraints experienced by the manufacturers we represent. Our backlog is determined quarterly by multiplying the number of new commercial vehicles for each particular type of commercial vehicle ordered by a customer at our Rush Truck Centers by the recent average selling price for that type of commercial vehicle. We include only confirmed orders in our backlog. However, such orders are subject to cancellation. In the event of order cancellation, we have no contractual right to the total revenues reflected in our backlog. The delivery time for a custom-ordered commercial vehicle varies depending on the truck specifications and demand for the particular model ordered. We sell the majority of our new heavy-duty commercial vehicles by customer special order and we sell the majority of our medium- and light-duty commercial vehicles out of inventory. Orders from a number of our major fleet customers are included in our backlog as of September 30, 2023, and we expect to fill the majority of our backlog orders during the remainder of 2023 and the first half of 2024, assuming that the manufacturers we represent can meet their current production schedule. Our current backlog continues to be much higher than normal. Given the potential for industry headwinds in the coming months caused by lower spot rates and higher interest rates, which could negatively impact industry demand for new commercial vehicles moving forward, we believe that the longer it takes to fill our backlog, the greater the risk that a significant amount of commercial vehicle orders currently reflected in our backlog could be cancelled.

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Seasonality

Our Truck Segment is moderately seasonal. Seasonal effects on new commercial vehicle sales related to the seasonal purchasing patterns of any single customer type are mitigated by the diverse geographic locations of our dealerships and our diverse customer base, including regional and national fleets, local and state governments, corporations and owner-operators. However, Aftermarket Products and Services operations historically have experienced higher sales volumes in the second and third quarters.

Cyclicality

Our business is dependent on a number of factors including general economic conditions, fuel prices, interest rate fluctuations, credit availability, environmental and other government regulations and customer business cycles. Unit sales of new commercial vehicles have historically been subject to substantial cyclical variation based on these general economic conditions. According to data published by A.C.T. Research, in the last ten years, total U.S. retail sales of new Class 8 commercial vehicles have ranged from a low of approximately 187,600 in 2013, to a high of approximately 281,440 in 2019. Through geographic expansion, concentration on higher margin Aftermarket Products and Services and diversification of our customer base, we have attempted to reduce the negative impact of adverse general economic conditions or cyclical trends affecting the Class 8 commercial vehicle industry on our earnings.

Environmental Standards and Other Governmental Regulations

We are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations governing the following: discharges into the air and water; the operation and removal of underground and aboveground storage tanks; the use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, petroleum and other materials; and the investigation and remediation of environmental impacts. As with commercial vehicle dealerships generally, and vehicle service, parts and collision center operations in particular, our business involves the generation, use, storage, handling and contracting for recycling or disposal of hazardous materials or wastes and other environmentally sensitive materials. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, capital and operating expenditures and other costs in complying with such laws and regulations.

Our operations involving the use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous and nonhazardous materials are subject to the requirements of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, and comparable state statutes. Pursuant to these laws, federal and state environmental agencies have established approved methods for handling, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of regulated substances with which we must comply. Our business also involves the operation and use of aboveground and underground storage tanks. These storage tanks are subject to periodic testing, containment, upgrading and removal under RCRA and comparable state statutes. Furthermore, investigation or remediation may be necessary in the event of leaks or other discharges from current or former underground or aboveground storage tanks.

We may also have liability in connection with materials that were sent to third‑party recycling, treatment, or disposal facilities under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, and comparable state statutes. These statutes impose liability for investigation and remediation of environmental impacts without regard to fault or the legality of the conduct that contributed to the impacts. Responsible parties under these statutes may include the owner or operator of the site where impacts occurred and companies that disposed, or arranged for the disposal, of the hazardous substances released at these sites. These responsible parties also may be liable for damages to natural resources. In addition, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other materials into the environment.

The federal Clean Water Act and comparable state statutes require containment of potential discharges of oil or hazardous substances, and require preparation of spill contingency plans. Water quality protection programs govern certain discharges from some of our operations. Similarly, the federal Clean Air Act and comparable state statutes regulate emissions of various air emissions through permitting programs and the imposition of standards and other requirements.

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The Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”), on behalf of the U.S. Department of Transportation, issued rules associated with reducing greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions and improving the fuel efficiency of medium and heavy-duty trucks and buses for current model years through 2027. In addition, in August 2021, the President of the United States issued an executive order intended to increase fuel efficiency, further reduce GHG emissions and speed up the development of “zero-emission” vehicles. The executive order calls for the EPA and the Secretary of Transportation to adopt new rules and regulations for commercial vehicles starting as early as model year 2027. Similarly, in June 2020, the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) adopted a final rule that is intended to phase out the sale of internal combustion engine commercial vehicles over time by requiring a certain percentage of each manufacturer’s commercial vehicles sold within the state to be “zero-emission vehicles,” or “near-zero emission vehicles,” starting in model year 2024. In July 2023, CARB and various manufacturers of heavy-duty commercial vehicles and engines, including PACCAR, Navistar, Ford, Hino, Isuzu and Cummins, entered into the Clean Truck Partnership, whereby the manufacturers agreed to comply with CARB’s emission requirements where applicable, regardless of whether any entity challenges CARB’s rule-making authority, and CARB agreed to work with manufacturers to provide reasonable lead time to meet CARB’s requirements and before imposing new regulations. In addition, CARB agreed to align its nitrogen oxide emissions rules with the EPA’s, which go into effect starting in model year 2027, and modify certain of its 2024 nitrogen oxide emissions regulations for which manufacturers will provide offsets as needed to meet California’s emission targets. Since July 2020, a group of eighteen U.S. states and the District of Columbia have entered into a joint memorandum of understanding that adopts at least a portion of CARB’s emissions regulations and commits each of them to work together to advance and accelerate the market for electric Class 3 through 8 commercial vehicles. Six of the states are states where we operate new commercial vehicle dealerships: California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina and Virginia. The signatories to the memorandum all agreed on a goal of ensuring that 100% of new Class 3 through 8 commercial vehicles are zero emission by 2050, with an interim target of 30% zero emission vehicles by 2030. Attaining these goals would likely require the adoption of new laws and regulations and we cannot predict at this time whether such laws and regulations would have an adverse impact on our business. Additional regulations could result in increased compliance costs, additional operating restrictions or changes in demand for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We do not believe that we currently have any material environmental liabilities or that compliance with environmental laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, soil and groundwater impacts are known to exist at some of our dealerships. Further, environmental laws and regulations are complex and subject to change. In addition, in connection with acquisitions, it is possible that we will assume or become subject to new or unforeseen environmental costs or liabilities, some of which may be material. In connection with our dispositions, or prior dispositions made by companies we acquire, we may retain exposure for environmental costs and liabilities, some of which may be material. Compliance with current or amended, or new or more stringent, laws or regulations, stricter interpretations of existing laws or the future discovery of environmental conditions could require additional expenditures by us, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. In addition, such laws could affect demand for the products that we sell.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company due to adverse changes in financial market prices, including interest rate risk, and other relevant market rate or price risks.

We are exposed to market risk through interest rates related to our floor plan financing agreements, the WF Credit Agreement, the PLC Agreement and discount rates related to finance sales. Our floor plan debt is based on SOFR and CDOR, the WF Credit Agreement is based on SOFR, the RTC Canada Revolving Agreement is based on CDOR and the PLC Agreement is based on the prime rate. As of September 30, 2023, we had floor plan borrowings and borrowings from WF, BMO and PLC in the amount of $1,429.1 million. Assuming an increase or decrease in SOFR, CDOR or the prime rate of 100 basis points, annual interest expense could correspondingly increase or decrease by approximately $14.3 million.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.

The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the principal executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023 to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to Company management, including the principal executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we are involved in litigation arising out of our operations in the ordinary course of business. We maintain liability insurance, including product liability coverage, in amounts deemed adequate by management. However, an uninsured or partially insured claim, or claim for which indemnification is not available, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. As of September 30, 2023, we believe that there are no pending claims or litigation, individually or in the aggregate, that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations for the fiscal period in which such resolution occurred.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.

While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. Item 1A, Part I of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “2022 Annual Report”) describes some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business that have the potential to materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

There has been no material change in our risk factors disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The Company did not make any unregistered sales of equity securities during the third quarter of 2023.

A summary of the Company’s stock repurchase activity for the third quarter of 2023 is as follows:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)(2)(3)		Average Price Paid Per Share (1)			Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3)
July 1 – July 31, 2023		267,329	$	42.00	(4)		267,329	$	67,381,385
August 1 – August 31, 2023		375,636		42.99	(5)		375,636		51,224,059
September 1 – September 30, 2023		386,507		41.76	(6)		386,507		35,071,032
Total		1,029,471					1,029,471

______________

(1)	The calculation of the average price paid per share does not give effect to any fees, commissions or other costs associated with the repurchase of such shares.

(2)	The shares represent Class A Common Stock and/or Class B Common Stock repurchased by the Company.

(3)	On December 2, 2022, we announced the approval of a new stock repurchase program, effective December 2, 2022, authorizing management to repurchase, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $150.0 million of our shares of Class A common stock and/or Class B common stock.

(4)	Represents 197,061 shares of Class B Common Stock at an average price paid per share of $40.84 and 70,268 shares of Class B Common Stock at an average price paid per share of $45.27.

(5)	Represents 277,469 shares of Class A Common Stock at an average price paid per share of $42.11 and 98,167 shares of Class B Common Stock at an average price paid per share of $45.49.

(6)	Represents 275,519 shares of Class A Common Stock at an average price paid per share of $40.52 and 110,988 shares of Class B Common Stock at an average price paid per share of $44.84.

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not Applicable

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable

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ITEM 5. Other Information.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of the Company's directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

ITEM 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number		Exhibit Title
3.1		Restated Articles of Incorporation of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-20797) for the quarter ended June 30, 2008)

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-20797) for the quarter ended June 30, 2023)

3.3		Rush Enterprises, Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-20797) filed May 21, 2013)

3.4		First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-20797) filed May 24, 2021)

10.1		Second Amended and Restated Inventory Financing and Purchase Money Security Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2023 by and between Rush Truck Leasing, Inc. and PACCAR Leasing Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-20797) filed November 6, 2023)

10.2		$300.0 million Promissory Note dated November 1, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-20797) filed November 6, 2023)

10.3*		Amended and Restated Amendment to Dealer Sales and Service Agreements

31.1*		Certification of CEO pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification of CFO pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1**		Certification of CEO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2**		Certification of CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document

101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	filed herewith

This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC.


Date: November 9, 2023	By:	/S/ W.M. “RUSTY” RUSH
		W.M. “Rusty” Rush
		President, Chief Executive Officer and
		Chairman of the Board
		(Principal Executive Officer)


Date: November 9, 2023	By:	/S/ STEVEN L. KELLER
		Steven L. Keller
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 10.3

AMENDED AND RESTATED AMENDMENT TO

DEALER SALES AND SERVICE AGREEMENTS

This Amended and Restated Amendment to Dealer Sales and Service Agreement (this AMENDMENT") is effective July 6, 2023, between Peterbilt Motors Company, a division of PACCAR Inc, a Delaware corporation (“PETERBILT”) and:

Rush Truck Centers of Alabama, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush Alabama”), Rush Truck Centers of Arizona, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush Arizona”), Rush Truck Centers of California, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush California”), Rush Truck Centers of Colorado, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush Colorado”), Rush Truck Centers of Florida, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush Florida”), Rush Truck Centers of Kentucky, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush Kentucky”), Rush Truck Centers of Nevada, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush Nevada”), Rush Truck Centers of New Mexico, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush New Mexico”), Rush Truck Centers of Oklahoma, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush Oklahoma”), Rush Truck Centers of Tennessee, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Rush Tennessee”), Rush Truck Centers of Texas, LP, a Texas Limited Partnership (“Rush Texas”), and Rush Enterprises, Inc. (“Rush Enterprises”)

(Rush Alabama, Rush Arizona, Rush California, Rush Colorado, Rush Florida, Rush Kentucky, Rush Nevada, Rush New Mexico, Rush Oklahoma, Rush Tennessee, and Rush Texas collectively, the “Companies” and individually, a "Company"). Capitalized terms used herein but not defined herein have the respective meaning given them in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements (as defined below).

RECITALS

PACCAR is a party to certain Dealer Sales and Service Agreements (individually, a “Dealer Sales and Service Agreement” and, collectively, the “Dealer Sales and Service Agreements”), with each of the Companies pursuant to which each Company is a DEALER and was granted Peterbilt dealership(s) in the territories specified in each Dealer Sales and Service Agreement. The Dealer Sales and Service Agreements currently in effect are attached as Exhibit A.

PACCAR, Rush Enterprises, and the Companies amended the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements by Amendments and Restatements to the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements dated October 5, 2000, June 15, 2006, and December 19, 2012 (the “Prior Amendments”).

PACCAR, Rush Enterprises and the Companies desire that this Amendment supersede and replace the Prior Amendments and that this Amendment apply to all Dealer Sales and Service Agreements currently in effect between Peterbilt and the Companies, any and all extensions, amendments and renewals to such Dealer Sales and Service Agreements (collectively, “Renewal Agreements”) and all future Dealer Sales and Service Agreements (collectively, “Future Agreements”) entered into between Peterbilt and the Companies, including any not currently existing subsidiaries to Rush Enterprises, Inc. This Agreement, with respect to its contents and changes only, shall supersede any integration clauses in these Renewal Agreements and Future Agreements.

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Exhibit 10.3

AGREEMENTS

In consideration of the foregoing premises and of the mutual promises contained herein and for $10.00 and other good and valuable consideration, the adequacy, receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree that (a) this Amendment shall supersede and replace the Prior Amendments and (b) the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements, Renewal Agreements, and Future Agreements shall be amended by this Amendment as follows:

1.	Article IV.C “OWNERSHIP” of each of the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements shall be deleted in its entirety and shall be replaced with the following:

Ownership: Addendum D also sets forth the identity of the persons who have been approved by PETERBILT to have, with their respective associates, the principal beneficial ownership interest (in the aggregate no less than 22% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock) in Rush Enterprises Inc., the parent of DEALER (called "DEALER PRINCIPAL(S)").

Addendum D also defines and sets forth the OPERATING MANAGER(S) of DEALER. The effectiveness of DEALER is ultimately dependent upon the OPERATING MANAGER(S) who must assume full managerial authority and responsibility for DEALER business. OPERATING MANAGERS may or may not have ownership interests. DEALER agrees to notify PETERBILT of any changes in OPERATING MANAGER(S). Any change of Addendum D or of the OPERATING MANAGER(S) must be in writing and signed by the parties hereto.

DEALER shall have the right to assign its rights and obligations under this AGREEMENT to any entity so long as the majority of the capital stock entitled to vote on the election of directors of such entity or its parent (as defined in Rule-405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) is beneficially owned (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) in the aggregate by Rush Enterprises, Inc. or the DEALER PRINCIPAL(S) and their respective associates (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

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Exhibit 10.3

2.	Article VIII.B.1.g of each of the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements shall be deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

If any of the following occurs with the DEALER PRINCIPAL(S) or OPERATING MANAGER(S):

(i)

the DEALER PRINCIPAL(S) identified in Addendum D (as amended by this Amendment) and their respective associates in the aggregate beneficially own less than 22% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on the election of directors of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (or any successor thereto), or

(ii)

any “person” (as that term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) other than DEALER PRINCIPAL(S) and their respective associates, or any person who has been approved in writing by PETERBILT, owns a greater percentage of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on the election of directors of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (or any successor thereto) than DEALER PRINCIPAL(S) and their respective associates in the aggregate,

(iii)

any person who has not been approved in writing by PETERBILT pursuant to Article IV.C (as amended by this Amendment) through the normal PETERBILT vetting process and in accordance with the standards set forth in applicable state law, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, holds the offices identified in Addendum D (as amended by this Amendment) as OPERATING MANAGERS of DEALER, or

(iv)

Rush Enterprises, Inc. (or any successor thereto) is not DEALER or, directly or indirectly, the 100% owner of DEALER.

3.	Article VIll.B.5 of each of the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements shall be deleted in its entirety.

4.	Article XI.C of each of the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements shall be deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT. Except as provided in the third paragraph of Article IV.C of this Agreement (as Amended by the Amendment and Restatement), DEALER may not pledge, hypothecate, or grant a security interest in, this AGREEMENT or DEALER'S right, title or interest therein.

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Exhibit 10.3

5.	The first four paragraphs (including table) of Addendum D of each of the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements shall be deleted in their entirety and replaced with the following:

The DEALER PRINCIPAL(S) are: W.M. “Rusty” Rush and his issue, Robin M. Rush, Scott Anderson, Derrek Weaver, Steven Keller, Corey Lowe, Jody Pollard, Jason Wilder, Michael Goldstone, Mike Eppes and Michael McRoberts.

PETERBILT enters into the AGREEMENT in reliance upon personnel qualifications, representations and present financial condition of the persons identified herein as the OPERATING MANAGERS of DEALER. The OPERATING MANAGERS include the Chairman of the Board of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (or any successor position thereto), and the President or Chief Executive Officer of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (or any successor positions thereto). The approved OPERATING MANAGERS are: W.M. “Rusty” Rush.

DEALER agrees to notify PETERBILT of any change in DEALER PRINCIPAL and/or OPERATING MANAGER.

In the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Alabama, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Alabama; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Arizona, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Arizona; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush California, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush California; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Colorado, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Colorado; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Florida, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Florida; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Kentucky, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Kentucky; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Nevada, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Nevada; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush New Mexico, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush New Mexico; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Oklahoma, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Oklahoma; in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Tennessee, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Tennessee; and in the Dealer Sales and Service Agreement with Rush Texas, any and all references to “DEALER” shall refer solely to Rush Texas.

7.	Any and all of the terms and conditions of each of the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements are hereby amended and modified wherever necessary, even though not specifically addressed herein, so as to conform to the amendments and modifications contained in this Amendment.

In the event any Renewal Agreement or Future Agreement contains the same provisions (regardless of numbering or format) that are amended, deleted or otherwise modified by this Amendment, then such provisions in such Renewal Agreement or Future Agreement shall be amended, deleted or otherwise modified in the same way such provisions are amended, deleted or modified by this Amendment. This Agreement expressly supersedes any general integration provisions in any Renewal Agreement or Future Agreement.

4 of 7

Exhibit 10.3

9.	Except as amended hereby, each Dealer Sales and Service Agreement is hereby ratified and confirmed and shall continue in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Rush, the Companies and PACCAR have caused this Amendment to be executed and delivered as of the date first above written.

5 of 7

Exhibit 10.3

SIGNATURE PAGE(S) FOR AMENDED AND RESTATED AMENDMENT TO DEALER SALES AND SERVICE AGREEMENTS DATED JULY 6, 2023.

Peterbilt Motors Company,	Rush Enterprises, Inc.
A division of PACCAR Inc

By:/s/ Jason Skoog	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
Jason Skoog	Michael Goldstone
Vice President, PACCAR Inc.	Vice President/Secretary
General Manager Peterbilt Motors
Company	Rush Truck Centers of Alabama, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of Arizona, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of California, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of Colorado, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of Florida, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary

6 of 7

Exhibit 10.3

	Rush Truck Centers of Kentucky, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of Nevada, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of New Mexico, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of Oklahoma, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of Tennessee, Inc.

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary


	Rush Truck Centers of Texas, L.P.
	By: Rushtex, its general partner

	By:/s/ Michael Goldstone
	Michael Goldstone
	Vice President/Secretary

7 of 7

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, W.M. “Rusty” Rush, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Rush Enterprises, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 9, 2023	By:	/S/ W.M. “RUSTY” RUSH
		W.M. “Rusty” Rush
		President, Chief Executive Officer and
		Chairman of the Board
		Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Steven L. Keller, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Rush Enterprises, Inc.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 9, 2023	By:	/S/ STEVEN L. KELLER
		Steven L. Keller
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this quarterly report of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, W.M. “Rusty” Rush, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

	By:	/S/ W.M. “RUSTY” RUSH
	Name:	W.M. “Rusty” Rush
	Title:	President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
	Date:	November 9, 2023

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this quarterly report of Rush Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Steven L. Keller, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

	By:	/S/ STEVEN L. KELLER
	Name:	Steven L. Kelle
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
	Date:	November 9, 2023

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-20797
Entity Registrant Name	RUSH ENTERPRISES, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	TX
Entity Tax Identification Number	74-1733016
Entity Address, Address Line One	555 I.H. 35 South, Suite 500
Entity Address, City or Town	New Braunfels
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	78130
City Area Code	830
Local Phone Number	302-5200
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001012019
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Common Class A [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		61,599,412
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	RUSHA
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Common Class B [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		17,890,941
Title of 12(b) Security	Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	RUSHB
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 191,988	$ 201,044
Accounts receivable, net	263,480	220,651
Inventories, net	1,671,623	1,429,429
Prepaid expenses and other	18,690	16,619
Total current assets	2,145,781	1,867,743
Property and equipment, net	1,474,662	1,368,594
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	107,406	102,685
Goodwill, net	416,420	416,363
Other assets, net	73,784	65,681
Total assets	4,218,053	3,821,066
Current liabilities:
Floor plan notes payable	1,121,490	933,203
Current maturities of long-term debt	104,778	0
Current maturities of finance lease obligations	36,128	29,209
Current maturities of operating lease obligations	15,892	15,003
Trade accounts payable	177,142	171,717
Customer deposits	102,900	116,240
Accrued expenses	161,786	163,302
Total current liabilities	1,720,116	1,428,674
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	202,824	275,433
Finance lease obligations, net of current maturities	103,513	93,483
Operating lease obligations, net of current maturities	93,193	89,029
Other long-term liabilities	23,856	19,455
Deferred income taxes, net	$ 155,468	$ 151,970
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares outstanding in 2023 and 2022	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, par value $.01 per share; 105,000,000 Class A shares and 35,000,000 Class B shares authorized; 62,053,249 Class A shares and 17,989,388 Class B shares outstanding in 2023; and 63,518,042 Class A shares and 18,124,627 Class B shares outstanding in 2022	804	572
Additional paid-in capital	533,648	500,642
Treasury stock, at cost: 266,519 Class A shares and 105,924 Class B shares in 2023; and 1,626,777 Class A shares and 1,112,446 Class B shares in 2022	(16,169)	(130,930)
Retained earnings	1,385,646	1,378,337
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(4,317)	(4,130)
Total Rush Enterprises, Inc. shareholders’ equity	1,899,612	1,744,491
Noncontrolling interest	19,471	18,531
Total shareholders’ equity	1,919,083	1,763,022
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 4,218,053	$ 3,821,066
Common Class A [Member]
Shareholders’ equity:
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares (in shares)	266,519	1,626,777

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Class A [Member]
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	105,000,000	105,000,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	62,053,249	63,518,042
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares (in shares)	266,519	1,626,777
Common Class B [Member]
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	35,000,000	35,000,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	17,989,388	18,124,627
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares (in shares)	105,924	1,112,446

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenues
Revenue	$ 1,891,274	$ 1,778,598	$ 5,630,878	$ 4,981,168
Lease and rental sales	89,466	85,688	264,681	237,561
Total revenue	1,980,740	1,864,286	5,895,559	5,218,729
Cost of products sold
Lease and rental sales	62,106	58,482	184,098	162,378
Total cost of products sold	1,586,335	1,482,888	4,688,537	4,117,675
Gross profit	394,405	381,398	1,207,022	1,101,054
Selling, general and administrative expense	257,132	242,609	770,631	692,383
Depreciation and amortization expense	15,872	13,961	44,731	41,545
Gain on sale of assets	220	2,209	596	2,433
Operating income	121,621	127,037	392,256	369,559
Other income (expense)	133	(215)	2,384	22,182
Interest expense, net	14,194	6,275	37,415	10,662
Income before taxes	107,560	120,547	357,225	381,079
Income tax provision	26,926	29,884	87,277	87,290
Net income	80,634	90,663	269,948	293,789
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	356	287	940	733
Net income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc.	$ 80,278	$ 90,376	$ 269,008	$ 293,056
Net income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc. per share of common stock:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.99	$ 1.09	$ 3.30	$ 3.51
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.96	$ 1.06	$ 3.19	$ 3.41
Basic (in shares)	81,229	82,848	81,629	83,401
Diluted (in shares)	83,987	85,313	84,251	86,045
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ 0.14	$ 0.45	$ 0.39
New and Used Commercial Vehicle [Member]
Revenues
Revenue	$ 1,235,767	$ 1,142,201	$ 3,648,286	$ 3,176,175
Cost of products sold
Costs of products sold	1,113,294	1,045,658	3,287,998	2,875,057
Parts and Service [Member]
Revenues
Revenue	643,623	622,130	1,942,979	1,763,691
Cost of products sold
Costs of products sold	410,935	378,748	1,216,441	1,080,240
Finance and Insurance [Member]
Revenues
Revenue	6,317	7,639	19,077	22,919
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Revenues
Revenue	$ 5,567	$ 6,628	$ 20,536	$ 18,383

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Net income	$ 80,634	$ 90,663	$ 269,948	$ 293,789
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation	(2,108)	(5,701)	(187)	(5,823)
Reclassification of currency translation related to equity method accounting				(601)
Comprehensive income	78,526	84,962	269,761	287,365
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	356	287	940	733
Comprehensive income attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc.	78,170	84,675	268,821	286,632
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Rush Enterprises, Inc.	$ (2,108)	$ (5,701)	$ (187)	$ (6,424)

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member] Common Class A [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Common Class B [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock, Common [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member] Common Class A [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member] Common Class B [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Parent [Member] Common Class A [Member]	Parent [Member] Common Class B [Member]	Parent [Member]	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]	Common Class A [Member]	Common Class B [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	64,662	18,598
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021			$ 563	$ 470,750	$ (36,933)			$ 1,031,582	$ 787			$ 1,466,749				$ 1,466,749
Stock options exercised and stock awards (in shares)	168
Stock options exercised and stock awards			1	2,384								2,385				2,385
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan				13,793								13,793
Vesting of restricted share awards (in shares)		454
Vesting of restricted share awards			3	(7,215)								(7,212)				(7,212)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	99
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan			1	2,434								2,435				2,435
Common stock repurchases (in shares)	(288)	(157)
Common stock repurchases					(15,315)							(15,315)				(15,315)
Cash dividends declared						$ (8,189)	$ (2,505)			$ (8,189)	$ (2,505)
Foreign currency translation									445			445
Net income								92,453				92,453
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	64,641	18,895
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022			568	482,146	(52,248)			1,113,341	1,232			1,545,039				1,545,039
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	64,662	18,598
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021			563	470,750	(36,933)			1,031,582	787			1,466,749				1,466,749
Foreign currency translation																(5,823)
Net income																293,789
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	63,561	18,138
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022			571	494,703	(123,781)			1,291,602	(5,637)			1,657,458	$ 18,561			1,676,019
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	64,641	18,895
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022			568	482,146	(52,248)			1,113,341	1,232			1,545,039				1,545,039
Stock options exercised and stock awards (in shares)	244
Stock options exercised and stock awards			2	3,244								3,246				3,246
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan				4,203								4,203				4,203
Vesting of restricted share awards				(1,423)								(1,423)				(1,423)
Common stock repurchases (in shares)	(673)	(496)
Common stock repurchases					(38,438)							(38,438)				(38,438)
Cash dividends declared						(8,128)	(2,521)			(8,128)	(2,521)			$ (8,128)	$ (2,521)
Foreign currency translation									(567)			(567)				(567)
Net income								110,227				110,227	446			110,673
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	64,212	18,399
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022			570	488,170	(90,686)			1,212,919	64			1,611,037	18,274			1,629,311
Reclassification of foreign currency translation related to equity method									(601)			(601)				(601)
Noncontrolling interest equity													17,828			17,828
Stock options exercised and stock awards (in shares)	16
Stock options exercised and stock awards				227								227				227
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan				3,554								3,554				3,554
Vesting of restricted share awards (in shares)		3
Vesting of restricted share awards				(31)								(31)				(31)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	102
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan			1	2,783								2,784				2,784
Common stock repurchases (in shares)	(769)	(264)
Common stock repurchases					(33,095)							(33,095)				(33,095)
Cash dividends declared						(8,995)	(2,698)			(8,995)	(2,698)			(8,995)	(2,698)
Foreign currency translation									(5,701)			(5,701)				(5,701)
Net income								90,376				90,376	287			90,663
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	63,561	18,138
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022			571	494,703	(123,781)			1,291,602	(5,637)			1,657,458	18,561			1,676,019
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	63,518	18,125
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022			572	500,642	(130,930)			1,378,337	(4,130)			1,744,491				1,763,022
Stock options exercised and stock awards (in shares)	228
Stock options exercised and stock awards			2	3,412								3,414				3,414
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan				13,080								13,080				13,080
Vesting of restricted share awards (in shares)		422
Vesting of restricted share awards			3	(6,964)								(6,961)				(6,961)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	102
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan				2,828								2,828				2,828
Common stock repurchases (in shares)	(623)	(84)
Common stock repurchases					(25,280)							(25,280)				(25,280)
Cash dividends declared						(8,897)	(2,692)			(8,897)	(2,692)			(8,897)	(2,692)
Foreign currency translation									232			232				232
Net income								90,455				90,455	335			90,790
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	63,225	18,463
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023			577	512,998	(156,210)			1,457,203	(3,898)			1,810,670	18,866			1,829,536
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	63,518	18,125
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022			572	500,642	(130,930)			1,378,337	(4,130)			1,744,491				1,763,022
Foreign currency translation																(187)
Net income																269,948
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	62,053	17,989
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023			804	533,648	(16,169)			1,385,646	(4,317)			1,899,612	19,471			1,919,083
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	63,225	18,463
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023			577	512,998	(156,210)			1,457,203	(3,898)			1,810,670	18,866			1,829,536
Stock options exercised and stock awards (in shares)	237
Stock options exercised and stock awards			1	3,479								3,480				3,480
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan				5,952								5,952				5,952
Vesting of restricted share awards				(54)								(54)				(54)
Common stock repurchases (in shares)	(890)	(195)
Common stock repurchases					(40,305)							(40,305)				(40,305)
Cash dividends declared						(8,812)	(2,725)			(8,812)	(2,725)			(8,812)	(2,725)
Foreign currency translation									1,689			1,689				1,689
Net income								98,275				98,275	249			98,524
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	62,572	18,268
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023			578	522,375	(196,515)			1,543,941	(2,209)			1,868,170	19,115			1,887,285
Stock options exercised and stock awards (in shares)	124
Stock options exercised and stock awards			1	1,888								1,889				1,889
Stock-based compensation related to stock options, restricted shares and employee stock purchase plan				6,265								6,265				6,265
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)	107
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan			1	3,123								3,124				3,124
Common stock repurchases (in shares)	(750)	(279)
Common stock repurchases					(44,174)							(44,174)				(44,174)
Cash dividends declared						$ (10,574)	$ (3,255)			$ (10,574)	$ (3,255)			$ (10,574)	$ (3,255)
Foreign currency translation									(2,108)			(2,108)				(2,108)
Net income								80,278				80,278	356			80,634
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	62,053	17,989
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023			804	533,648	(16,169)			1,385,646	$ (4,317)			1,899,612	$ 19,471			1,919,083
Retirement of treasury shares and par value adjustment			224	3	(224,520)			224,744				3				3
Retirement of treasury shares and par value adjustment			$ (224)	$ (3)	$ 224,520			$ (224,744)				$ (3)				$ (3)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 269,948	$ 293,789
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	165,145	146,477
Gain on sale of property and equipment	(596)	(2,433)
Gain on joint venture transaction	0	(12,500)
Gain on business acquisition	0	(6,958)
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and employee stock purchases	25,297	21,550
Provision for deferred income tax expense	3,508	7,921
Change in accounts receivable, net	(42,822)	(75,066)
Change in inventories, net	(193,668)	(264,687)
Change in prepaid expenses and other, net	(2,078)	875
Change in trade accounts payable	4,576	44,069
Change in customer deposits	(13,334)	9,650
Change in accrued expenses	(4,086)	25,464
Other, net	(831)	(4,832)
Net cash provided by operating activities	211,059	183,319
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment	(289,079)	(175,243)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	1,890	7,014
Business disposition	0	27,500
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired	0	(15,754)
Other	(3,765)	(11,691)
Net cash used in investing activities	(290,954)	(168,174)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Draws on floor plan notes payable – non-trade, net	188,420	277,261
Proceeds from long-term debt	995,081	695,169
Principal payments on long-term debt	(962,792)	(788,757)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(13,447)	(11,091)
Proceeds from issuance of shares relating to employee stock options and employee stock purchases	14,734	11,080
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(7,017)	(8,669)
Payments of cash dividends	(37,097)	(33,123)
Common stock repurchased	(107,037)	(85,270)
Net cash provided by financing activities	70,845	56,600
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(9,050)	71,745
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(6)	0
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	201,044	148,146
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	191,988	219,519
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest	40,233	12,966
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired under finance leases	$ 40,144	$ 14,290

Note 1 - Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

1 – Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of deposits for the statutory restriction on cash related to the Company’s captive insurance company of $2.3 million as of September 30, 2023.

Stock Split

Authorized Shares

Treasury Stock Retirement

Foreign Currency Transactions

Note 2 - Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

2 – Commitments and Contingencies

Note 3 - Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

3 – Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share information):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share – Net income available to common shareholders	$	80,278	$	90,376	$	269,008	$	293,056
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding		81,229		82,848		81,629		83,401
Effect of dilutive securities – Employee and director stock options and restricted share awards		2,758		2,465		2,622		2,644
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions		83,987		85,313		84,251		86,045
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.99	$	1.09	$	3.30	$	3.51
Diluted earnings per common share and common share equivalents	$	0.96	$	1.06	$	3.19	$	3.41

Three Months Ended

September 30,

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

Weighted average anti-dilutive options

1,079

1,500

1,353

1,261

Note 4 - Stock Options and Restricted Stock Awards

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

4 – Stock Options and Restricted Stock Awards

Valuation and Expense Information

Note 5 - Financial Instruments and Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

5 – Financial Instruments and Fair Value

Note 6 - Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

6 – Segment Information

	Truck Segment		All Other			Total

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2023

Revenues from external customers	$	1,976,395	$	4,345		$	1,980,740
Segment operating income		121,675		(54	)		121,621
Segment income before taxes		107,614		(54	)		107,560
Segment assets		4,163,261		54,792			4,218,053

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023

Revenues from external customers	$	5,883,127	$	12,432		$	5,895,559
Segment operating income		391,870		386			392,256
Segment income before taxes		356,839		386			357,225

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2022

Revenues from external customers	$	1,859,823	$	4,463		$	1,864,286
Segment operating income		126,770		267			127,037
Segment income before taxes		120,373		174			120,547
Segment assets		3,688,151		54,428			3,742,579

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022

Revenues from external customers	$	5,205,802	$	12,927		$	5,218,729
Segment operating income		368,596		963			369,559
Segment income before taxes		380,397		682			381,079

Note 7 - Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

7 – Income Taxes

Note 8 - Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

8 – Revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Commercial vehicle sales revenue	$	1,235,767	$	1,142,201	$	3,648,286	$	3,176,175
Parts revenue		376,183		373,207		1,141,081		1,080,552
Commercial vehicle repair service revenue		267,440		248,923		801,898		683,139
Finance revenue		2,869		4,113		9,369		13,211
Insurance revenue		3,448		3,526		9,708		9,708
Other revenue		5,567		6,628		20,536		18,383
Total	$	1,891,274	$	1,778,598	$	5,630,878	$	4,981,168

Note 9 - Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Leases of Lessee and Lessor Disclosure [Text Block]

9 – Leases

Lease of Vehicles as Lessor

Lease and rental income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Minimum rental payments	$	77,685	$	73,797	$	229,276	$	205,070
Nonlease payments		11,781		11,891		35,405		32,491
Total	$	89,466	$	85,688	$	264,681	$	237,561

Note 10 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note [Text Block]

10 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(4,130	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		232
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	(3,898	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		1,689
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(2,209	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(2,108	)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	(4,317	)

Note 11 - Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]

11 – Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):

	Balance December 31, 2022		Provision for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023			Write offs Against Allowance, net of Recoveries			Balance September 30, 2023

Commercial vehicle receivables	$	160	$	(33	)	$	−		$	127
Manufacturers’ receivables		573		1,814			(1,414	)		973
Leasing, parts and service receivables		1,589		3,352			(2,561	)		2,380
Other receivables		−		9			(7	)		2
Total	$	2,322	$	5,142		$	(3,982	)	$	3,482

Note 12 - Acquisition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

12 – Acquisition

The purchase price was allocated based on the fair values of the assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition as follows (in thousands):

Cash	$	4,310
Accounts receivable		19,072
Inventory		56,255
Property and equipment, including real estate		80,196
Floor plan notes payable		(30,501	)
Trade payables		(19,978	)
Customer deposits		(1,980	)
Accrued liabilities		(7,875	)
Notes payable		(69,545	)
Goodwill		44,174
Franchise rights		3,906
Other		3,422
Equity investment in RTC Canada		(37,309	)
Noncontrolling interest		(17,828	)
Gain on equity method investment		(6,958	)

Total	$	19,361

The goodwill of $44.2 million for the RTC Canada acquisition was primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the Company obtained a controlling interest in the entity.

Note 13 - Subsequent Event

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

13 – Subsequent Event

Insider Trading Arrangement

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Issuer Rule 10b5-1, Material Terms [Text Block]

ITEM 5. Other Information.

Note 3 - Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share – Net income available to common shareholders	$	80,278	$	90,376	$	269,008	$	293,056
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding		81,229		82,848		81,629		83,401
Effect of dilutive securities – Employee and director stock options and restricted share awards		2,758		2,465		2,622		2,644
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions		83,987		85,313		84,251		86,045
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.99	$	1.09	$	3.30	$	3.51
Diluted earnings per common share and common share equivalents	$	0.96	$	1.06	$	3.19	$	3.41

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

Three Months Ended

September 30,

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

Weighted average anti-dilutive options

1,079

1,500

1,353

1,261

Note 6 - Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

	Truck Segment		All Other			Total

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2023

Revenues from external customers	$	1,976,395	$	4,345		$	1,980,740
Segment operating income		121,675		(54	)		121,621
Segment income before taxes		107,614		(54	)		107,560
Segment assets		4,163,261		54,792			4,218,053

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023

Revenues from external customers	$	5,883,127	$	12,432		$	5,895,559
Segment operating income		391,870		386			392,256
Segment income before taxes		356,839		386			357,225

As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2022

Revenues from external customers	$	1,859,823	$	4,463		$	1,864,286
Segment operating income		126,770		267			127,037
Segment income before taxes		120,373		174			120,547
Segment assets		3,688,151		54,428			3,742,579

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022

Revenues from external customers	$	5,205,802	$	12,927		$	5,218,729
Segment operating income		368,596		963			369,559
Segment income before taxes		380,397		682			381,079

Note 8 - Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Commercial vehicle sales revenue	$	1,235,767	$	1,142,201	$	3,648,286	$	3,176,175
Parts revenue		376,183		373,207		1,141,081		1,080,552
Commercial vehicle repair service revenue		267,440		248,923		801,898		683,139
Finance revenue		2,869		4,113		9,369		13,211
Insurance revenue		3,448		3,526		9,708		9,708
Other revenue		5,567		6,628		20,536		18,383
Total	$	1,891,274	$	1,778,598	$	5,630,878	$	4,981,168

Note 9 - Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Leases, Lease Income [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Minimum rental payments	$	77,685	$	73,797	$	229,276	$	205,070
Nonlease payments		11,781		11,891		35,405		32,491
Total	$	89,466	$	85,688	$	264,681	$	237,561

Note 10 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]

Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	(4,130	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		232
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	(3,898	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		1,689
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	(2,209	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(2,108	)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	(4,317	)

Note 11 - Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table Text Block]

	Balance December 31, 2022		Provision for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023			Write offs Against Allowance, net of Recoveries			Balance September 30, 2023

Commercial vehicle receivables	$	160	$	(33	)	$	−		$	127
Manufacturers’ receivables		573		1,814			(1,414	)		973
Leasing, parts and service receivables		1,589		3,352			(2,561	)		2,380
Other receivables		−		9			(7	)		2
Total	$	2,322	$	5,142		$	(3,982	)	$	3,482

Note 12 - Acquisition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed [Table Text Block]

Cash	$	4,310
Accounts receivable		19,072
Inventory		56,255
Property and equipment, including real estate		80,196
Floor plan notes payable		(30,501	)
Trade payables		(19,978	)
Customer deposits		(1,980	)
Accrued liabilities		(7,875	)
Notes payable		(69,545	)
Goodwill		44,174
Franchise rights		3,906
Other		3,422
Equity investment in RTC Canada		(37,309	)
Noncontrolling interest		(17,828	)
Gain on equity method investment		(6,958	)

Total	$	19,361

Note 1 - Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation (Details Textual) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions			3 Months Ended
	Aug. 28, 2023 $ / shares shares	Jul. 25, 2020	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	May 16, 2023 shares	May 15, 2023 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share \| $ / shares			$ 0.01			$ 0.01
Common Class A [Member]
Additional Share Issued for Every Two Shares of Common Stock	1
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.01
Common Stock, Shares Authorized			105,000,000	105,000,000	60,000,000	105,000,000
Treasury Stock, Shares, Retired			3,052,899
Common Class B [Member]
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.01
Common Stock, Shares Authorized			35,000,000	35,000,000	20,000,000	35,000,000
Treasury Stock, Shares, Retired			1,445,515
Stock Split From [Member]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio		3
Stock Split To [Member]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio		2
Deposits for Restrictions Related to Captive Insurance Company [Member]
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current \| $			$ 2.3

Note 3 - Earnings Per Share - Earnings Per Share Calculation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share – Net income available to common shareholders	$ 80,278	$ 90,376	$ 269,008	$ 293,056
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	81,229	82,848	81,629	83,401
Effect of dilutive securities– Employee stock options and restricted share awards (in shares)	2,758	2,465	2,622	2,644
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions (in shares)	83,987	85,313	84,251	86,045
Basic earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.99	$ 1.09	$ 3.30	$ 3.51
Diluted earnings per common share and common share equivalents (in dollars per share)	$ 0.96	$ 1.06	$ 3.19	$ 3.41

Note 3 - Earnings Per Share - Anti-dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Anti-dilutive options – weighted average (in shares)	1,079	1,500	1,353	1,261

Note 4 - Stock Options and Restricted Stock Awards (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 13.4		$ 13.4
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition (Year)			2 years 3 months 18 days
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] \| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense	6.3	$ 3.6	$ 25.3	$ 21.5
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 15.6		$ 15.6
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition (Year)			1 year 4 months 24 days

Note 6 - Segment Information (Details Textual)	9 Months Ended
Note 6 - Segment Information (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2023
Truck Segment [Member]
Number of Reportable Segments	1
Other Segments [Member]
Number of Operating Segments	3

Note 6 - Segment Information - Segment Reporting Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues from external customers	$ 1,980,740	$ 1,864,286	$ 5,895,559	$ 5,218,729
Segment operating income	121,621	127,037	392,256	369,559
Segment income before taxes	107,560	120,547	357,225	381,079
Segment assets	4,218,053	3,742,579	4,218,053	3,742,579	$ 3,821,066
Truck Segment [Member]
Revenues from external customers	1,976,395	1,859,823	5,883,127	5,205,802
Segment operating income	121,675	126,770	391,870	368,596
Segment income before taxes	107,614	120,373	356,839
Segment assets	4,163,261	3,688,151	4,163,261	3,688,151
Other Segments [Member]
Revenues from external customers	4,345	4,463	12,432	12,927
Segment operating income		267	386	963
Segment income before taxes	(54)	174	386
Segment assets	$ 54,792	$ 54,428	$ 54,792	$ 54,428

Note 7 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
Note 7 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Unrecognized Tax Benefits that Would Impact Effective Tax Rate	$ 5,300,000	$ 5,300,000
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Interest on Income Taxes Accrued	$ 302,000	$ 302,000
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Open Tax Year	2019 2020 2021 2022
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Open Tax Year	2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Note 8 - Revenue - Disaggregated Revenue by Revenue Source (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue	$ 1,891,274	$ 1,778,598	$ 5,630,878	$ 4,981,168
Commercial Vehicle [Member]
Revenue	1,235,767	1,142,201	3,648,286	3,176,175
Parts [Member]
Revenue	376,183	373,207	1,141,081	1,080,552
Commercial Vehicle Repair Service [Member]
Revenue	267,440	248,923	801,898	683,139
Financial Service [Member]
Revenue	2,869	4,113	9,369	13,211
Insurance [Member]
Revenue	3,448	3,526	9,708	9,708
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Revenue	$ 5,567	$ 6,628	$ 20,536	$ 18,383

Note 9 - Leases (Details Textual)	9 Months Ended
Note 9 - Leases (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2023
Minimum [Member]
Lessor, Leases, Term of Contract	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Lessor, Leases, Term of Contract	10 years

Note 9 - Leases - Rental Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Minimum rental payments	$ 77,685	$ 73,797	$ 229,276	$ 205,070
Nonlease payments	11,781	11,891	35,405	32,491
Total	$ 89,466	$ 85,688	$ 264,681	$ 237,561

Note 10 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Balance			$ 1,744,491	$ 1,744,491
Balance	$ 1,899,612			1,899,612
AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]
Balance	(2,209)	$ (3,898)	(4,130)	(4,130)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(2,108)	1,689	232
Balance	$ (4,317)	$ (2,209)	$ (3,898)	$ (4,317)

Note 11 - Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses - Allowance for Accounts Receivable (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Balance	$ 2,322
Current period provision	5,142
Write offs against allowance, net of recoveries	(3,982)
Balance	3,482
Commercial Vehicle Receivables [Member]
Balance	160
Current period provision	(33)
Write offs against allowance, net of recoveries	0
Balance	127
Manufacturers' Receivables [Member]
Balance	573
Current period provision	1,814
Write offs against allowance, net of recoveries	(1,414)
Balance	973
Leasing, Parts and Service Receivables [Member]
Balance	1,589
Current period provision	3,352
Write offs against allowance, net of recoveries	(2,561)
Balance	2,380
Other Receivables [Member]
Balance	0
Current period provision	0
Write offs against allowance, net of recoveries	(7)
Balance	$ 2

Note 12 - Acquisition (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	May 02, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	May 01, 2022
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Remeasurement Gain		$ (0)	$ 6,958
Goodwill, Gross		$ 416,420		$ 416,363
RTC Canada [Member]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage	30.00%				50.00%
RTC Canada [Member]
Business Acquisition, Percentage of Voting Interests Acquired	30.00%
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Including Subsequent Acquisition, Percentage	80.00%
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Percentage	50.00%
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Fair Value	$ 44,700
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Reclassification of Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	2,200
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Re-measurement of Equity Method Investment	600
Business Combination, Acquisition of Less than 100 Percent, Noncontrolling Interest, Fair Value	17,828
Goodwill, Gross	$ 44,200
RTC Canada [Member] \| Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]
Business Combination, Acquisition of Less than 100 Percent, Noncontrolling Interest, Measurement Inputs	0.11
RTC Canada [Member] \| RTC Canada [Member]
Subsidiary, Ownership Percentage, Noncontrolling Owner	20.00%
RTC Canada [Member] \| Other Income (Expense) [Member]
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Remeasurement Gain	$ 7,000

Note 12 - Acquisition - Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities Acquired (Details) - RTC Canada [Member] $ in Thousands	May 02, 2022 USD ($)
Cash	$ 4,310
Accounts receivable	19,072
Inventory	56,255
Property and equipment, including real estate	80,196
Floor plan notes payable	(30,501)
Trade payables	(19,978)
Customer deposits	(1,980)
Accrued liabilities	(7,875)
Notes payable	(69,545)
Goodwill	44,174
Franchise rights	3,906
Other	3,422
Equity investment in RTC Canada	(37,309)
Noncontrolling interest	(17,828)
Gain on equity method investment	(6,958)
Total	$ 19,361

Note 13 - Subsequent Event (Details Textual) - Subsequent Event [Member] - Revolving Credit Facility [Member]	Nov. 01, 2023 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 300,000,000.0
Line of Credit Facility, Minimum Balance Threshold	$ 190,000,000
Debt Instrument, Prime Rate Floor	0.00%
Prime Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.95%