Quarterly Report (10-q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 28, 2019

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-04714

Skyline Champion Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indiana		35-1038277
(State of Incorporation)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
P.O. Box 743
2520 By-Pass Road
Elkhart, Indiana		46515
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(574) 294-6521

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	SKY	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filers,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:):


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of October 25, 2019: 56,665,408

SKYLINE CHAMPION CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 28, 2019 (unaudited) and March 30, 2019	1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three and six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) for the three and six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the three and six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018	5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	28

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	30

Item 1A. Risk Factors	30

Item 6. Exhibits	31

SIGNATURES	32

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

Skyline Champion Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

	September 28, 2019			March 30, 2019
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	154,739		$	126,634
Trade accounts receivable, net		56,194			57,649
Inventories		113,063			122,638
Other current assets		16,071			11,369
Total current assets		340,067			318,290
Long-term assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net		111,428			108,587
Goodwill		173,521			173,406
Amortizable intangible assets, net		46,059			48,936
Deferred tax assets		31,218			34,058
Other noncurrent assets		29,257			16,677
Total assets	$	731,550		$	699,954
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Floor plan payable	$	30,511		$	33,321
Accounts payable		43,343			43,421
Other current liabilities		126,746			129,561
Total current liabilities		200,600			206,303
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt		44,330			54,330
Deferred tax liabilities		3,660			3,422
Other		32,810			23,927
Total long-term liabilities		80,800			81,679

Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock, $0.0277 par value, 115,000 shares authorized, 56,665 and 56,657 shares issued (including 145 and 290 shares subject to restriction) as of September 28, 2019 and March 30, 2019, respectively		1,570			1,569
Additional paid-in capital		481,909			479,226
Accumulated deficit		(23,083	)		(58,208	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(10,246	)		(10,615	)
Total stockholders’ equity		450,150			411,972
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	731,550		$	699,954

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited, dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Net sales	$	354,458	$	355,436		$	726,346	$	677,697
Cost of sales		280,403		296,436			576,256		563,537
Gross profit		74,055		59,000			150,090		114,160
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		48,402		128,069			100,117		173,157
Operating income (loss)		25,653		(69,069	)		49,973		(58,997	)
Interest expense, net		382		827			691		1,899
Other expense		—		1,307			—		7,720
Income (loss) before income taxes		25,271		(71,203	)		49,282		(68,616	)
Income tax expense		7,526		5,822			14,157		9,262
Net income (loss)	$	17,745	$	(77,025	)	$	35,125	$	(77,878	)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.31	$	(1.42	)	$	0.62	$	(1.53	)
Diluted	$	0.31	$	(1.42	)	$	0.62	$	(1.53	)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited, dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018
Net income (loss)	$	17,745		$	(77,025	)	$	35,125	$	(77,878	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(530	)		588			369		(107	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	17,215		$	(76,437	)	$	35,494	$	(77,985	)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, dollars in thousands)

	Six Months Ended
	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	35,125		$	(77,878	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		6,655			5,275
Amortization of intangible assets		2,724			1,683
Amortization of deferred financing fees		257			285
Fair market value adjustment for asset classified as held for sale		986			—
Equity-based compensation		4,703			93,927
Deferred taxes		3,214			3,025
(Gain) loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment		(11	)		3
Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss		(25	)		33
Change in assets and liabilities net of business acquired:
Accounts receivable		1,480			398
Inventories		9,701			3,852
Prepaids and other assets		(5,805	)		(524	)
Accounts payable		(98	)		(586	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(6,748	)		(475	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		52,158			29,018
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant, and equipment		(9,409	)		(4,684	)
Cash acquired in business acquisition		—			9,722
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment		17			11
Decrease in note receivable		—			132
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(9,392	)		5,181
Cash flows from financing activities
Changes in floor plan financing, net		(2,810	)		68
Borrowings on revolving debt facility		—			46,900
Payments on revolving debt facility		(10,000	)		—
Payments on term-loans and other debt		—			(46,900	)
Payments for deferred financing fees		—			(1,974	)
Stock option exercises		112			1,615
Tax payments for equity-based compensation		(2,131	)		(2,336	)
Members' capital distribution		—			(65,277	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(14,829	)		(67,904	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		168			(38	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		28,105			(33,743	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		126,634			136,616
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	154,739		$	102,873

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited, dollars and shares in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 28, 2019
	Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Members' Contributed Capital		Additional Paid in Capital			Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance at June 29, 2019		56,657	$	1,569	$	—	$	481,143		$	(40,828	)	$	(9,716	)	$	432,168
Net income		—		—		—		—			17,745			—			17,745
Equity-based compensation		—		—		—		2,786			—			—			2,786
Net common stock issued under equity-based compensation plans		8		1		—		(2,020	)		—			—			(2,019	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—		—			—			(530	)		(530	)
Balance at September 28, 2019		56,665	$	1,570	$	—	$	481,909		$	(23,083	)	$	(10,246	)	$	450,150


	Six Months Ended September 28, 2019
	Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Members' Contributed Capital		Additional Paid in Capital			Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance at March 30, 2019		56,657	$	1,569	$	—	$	479,226		$	(58,208	)	$	(10,615	)	$	411,972
Net income		—		—		—		—			35,125			—			35,125
Equity-based compensation		—		—		—		4,703			—			—			4,703
Net common stock issued under equity-based compensation plans		8		1		—		(2,020	)		—			—			(2,019	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—		—			—			369			369
Balance at September 28, 2019		56,665	$	1,570	$	—	$	481,909		$	(23,083	)	$	(10,246	)	$	450,150

	Three Months Ended September 29, 2018
	Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Members' Contributed Capital			Additional Paid in Capital			Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance at June 30, 2018		56,188	$	1,556	$	—		$	388,854		$	(853	)	$	(9,988	)	$	379,569
Net loss		—		—					—			(77,025	)		—			(77,025	)
Equity-based compensation		—		—		—			85,996			—			—			85,996
Net common stock issued under equity-based compensation plans		525		15		—			(2,674	)		—			—			(2,659	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—			—			588			588
Balance at September 29, 2018		56,713	$	1,571	$	—		$	472,176		$	(77,878	)	$	(9,400	)	$	386,469

	Six Months Ended September 29, 2018
	Common Stock
	Shares		Amount		Members' Contributed Capital			Additional Paid in Capital			Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance at March 31, 2018		—	$	—	$	140,076		$	—		$	22,514		$	(9,293	)	$	153,297
Net loss		—		—					—			(77,878	)		—			(77,878	)
Members' capital distributions		—		—		(42,763	)					(22,514	)		—			(65,277	)
Exchange of membership interest for shares of Skyline Champion Corporation		56,143		1,555		(97,313	)		380,923			—			—			285,165
Equity-based compensation		—		—		—			93,927			—			—			93,927
Net common stock issued under equity-based compensation plans		570		16		—			(2,674	)								(2,658	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—			—			(107	)		(107	)
Balance at September 29, 2018		56,713	$	1,571	$	—		$	472,176		$	(77,878	)	$	(9,400	)	$	386,469

Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted solely of foreign currency translation adjustments.

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1.	Basis of Presentation and Business

On June 1, 2018, Skyline Champion Corporation (formerly known as Skyline Corporation), an Indiana corporation (the “Company”) and Champion Enterprises Holdings, LLC (“Champion Holdings”) completed the transactions contemplated by the Share Contribution & Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”), dated as of January 5, 2018, by and between the Company and Champion Holdings. Under the Exchange Agreement, (i) Champion Holdings contributed to the Company all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of each of Champion Holdings’ wholly-owned operating subsidiaries (the “Contributed Shares”), and (ii) in exchange for the Contributed Shares, the Company issued to the members of Champion Holdings, in the aggregate, 47,752,008 shares of the Company common stock (“Skyline Common Stock”) (such issuance, the “Shares Issuance”). Immediately following the Shares Issuance, the members of Champion Holdings collectively held 84.5%, and the Company’s pre-closing shareholders collectively held 15.5%, of the issued and outstanding Skyline Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis. The contribution of the Contributed Shares by Champion Holdings to Skyline, and the Shares Issuance by the Company to the members of Champion Holdings are collectively referred to herein as the “Exchange.”

The Exchange was treated as a purchase of the Company by Champion Holdings for accounting and financial reporting purposes. As a result, the financial results for the six months ending September 29, 2018 are comprised of 1) the results of Champion Holdings for the period between April 1, 2018 and May 31, 2018 and 2) the Company, after giving effect to the Exchange, from June 1, 2018 through September 29, 2018.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany balances and transactions. In the opinion of management, these statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary to fairly state the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows and financial position. The Company has evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date through the date of the filing of this report with the SEC. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on May 23, 2019.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations or cash flows for the full year.

The Company’s fiscal year is a 52- or 53-week period that ends on the Saturday nearest to March 31. The Company’s current fiscal year, “fiscal 2020”, will end on March 28, 2020. References to “fiscal 2019” refer to the Company’s fiscal year ended March 30, 2019. The three and six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018 each included 13 weeks and 26 weeks, respectively.

The Company’s operations consist of manufacturing, retail and transportation activities. The Company operates 33 manufacturing facilities throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and five manufacturing facilities in western Canada that primarily construct factory-built, timber-framed manufactured and modular houses that are sold primarily to independent retailers and builders/developers. The Company’s retail operations consist of 21 sales centers that sell manufactured houses to consumers primarily in the Southern U.S. The Company’s transportation business engages independent owners/drivers to transport recreational vehicles throughout the U.S. and Canada and manufactured houses in certain regions of the U.S.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements: In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the consolidated balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and an asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous requirements. This ASC 842 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2018 and modified retrospective application is permitted.

The Company adopted ASC 842 as of March 31, 2019, the first day of fiscal 2020 using the modified retrospective approach and without restating comparative periods. The Company has elected to apply the transition package of three practical expedients which allow companies not to reassess whether agreements contain leases, the classification of leases, and the capitalization of initial direct costs. The Company did not elect the practical expedient which permits the use of hindsight when determining the lease term and assessing right-of-use assets for impairment. As permitted by the standard, the Company elected to: 1) recognize lease expense for leases with a term of 12 months or less on a straight-line basis over the lease term and will not recognize any right of use assets or lease liabilities for those leases, and 2) not separate lease and non-lease components.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

The primary financial statement impact upon adoption was the recognition, on a discounted basis, of the Company's minimum commitments under non-cancelable operating leases as right of use assets and obligations on the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recognition of lease-related assets and liabilities of $13.7 million. The standard did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption: In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The standard simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments and allows a goodwill impairment charge to be based on the amount of a reporting unit’s carrying value in excess of its fair value. This eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill or what is known as “Step 2” under the current guidance. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods of public entities beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This guidance requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance also requires enhanced disclosures regarding significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

There were no other accounting standards recently issued that are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

2.	Business Combination

The Exchange was completed on June 1, 2018 and was accounted for as a reverse acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting as provided by the FASB Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations. Champion Holdings was deemed to be the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed as a result of the Exchange were recorded at their respective fair values and added to the carrying value of Champion Holdings’ existing assets and liabilities. The Company incurred acquisition-related costs of approximately $0.5 million and $6.9 million for the three and six months ended September 29, 2018, respectively, which were classified as other expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, the Company incurred approximately $6.0 million in stock compensation expense related to former Skyline employees during the first quarter of fiscal 2019, which is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. These types of costs were not incurred during fiscal 2020.

The purchase price of the acquisition was determined with reference to the value of equity (common stock) of the Company based on the closing price on June 1, 2018 of $33.39 per share. The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using their estimated fair values at June 1, 2018, the closing of the Exchange. The purchase price and the allocation have been used to prepare the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

The purchase price was allocated as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
Cash	$	9,722
Trade accounts receivable		13,876
Inventory		19,028
Assets held for sale		2,086
Property, plant and equipment		40,220
Deferred tax assets, net		7,034
Other assets		6,706
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(36,027	)
Intangibles		52,065
Goodwill		170,342
Total purchase price allocation	$	285,052

Goodwill is primarily attributable to expected synergies from the combination of the companies, including, but not limited to, expected cost synergies through procurement activities and operational improvements through sharing of best practices. Goodwill, which is not deductible for income tax purposes, was allocated to the U.S. Factory-built Housing reporting unit.

Cash, trade receivables, other assets, accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities were generally stated at historical carrying values given the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. Intangible assets consist primarily of amounts recognized for the fair value of customer relationships and trade names and were based on an independent appraisal. Customer-based assets include the Company’s established relationships with its customers and the ability of those customers to generate future economic profits for the Company. The Company estimates that these intangible assets have a weighted average useful life of ten years. Fair value estimates of property, plant, and equipment were based on independent appraisals and broker opinions of value, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the assets. Key assumptions used in the

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

appraisals were based on a combination of market and cost approaches, as appropriate. Level 3 fair value estimates of $40.2 million related to property, plant, and equipment and $52.1 million related to intangible assets were recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as a result of the allocation of the purchase price from the Exchange. The Company determined $2.1 million of property acquired in the Exchange met the definition of held for sale at the acquisition date and was classified in other current assets. The fair value less cost to sell of this held for sale property is evaluated each reporting period to determine if it has changed. A loss of $1.0 million was recorded during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 related to this held for sale property based on updated market information. Assets held for sale were $1.1 million and $2.1 million as of September 28, 2019 and March 30, 2019, respectively. For further information on acquired assets measured at fair value, see Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets.

The Company allocated a portion of the purchase price to certain realizable deferred tax assets totaling $27.3 million. Deferred tax assets are primarily federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and credits offset by a valuation allowance for certain state net operating loss carryforwards that are not expected to be realized. The deferred tax assets are offset by deferred tax liabilities of $20.3 million resulting from the purchase price allocation step-up in fair value that exceed the historical tax basis.

The statement of operations for the three and six months ended September 29, 2018 includes $68.0 and $90.1 million, respectively, of net sales attributable to the acquired Skyline operations.

A summary of the results of operations for the Company, on an as reported and on a pro forma basis, are as follows:

	Six Months Ended
	September 29, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Reported			Pro forma
Net sales	$	677,697		$	723,501
Net loss		(77,878	)		(62,769	)

The pro forma results are based on adding the historical results of operations of Champion Holdings and Skyline and adjusting those historical amounts for the amortization of intangibles created in the Exchange; the increase in depreciation as a result of the step-up in fair value of property, plant, and equipment; removing transaction costs directly associated with the Exchange; removing equity-based compensation expense directly resulting from the Exchange; reflecting the financing arrangements entered into in connection with the Exchange, and adjusting those items for income taxes. The pro forma disclosures do not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may result from the Exchange or any integration costs. The pro forma data is intended for informational purposes and is not indicative of the future results of operations.

The Exchange Agreement provided that Champion Holdings was permitted to pay a capital distribution prior to completion of the Exchange to the extent it had cash in excess of debt and other debt-like items and unpaid Exchange fees and expenses. Prior to the completion of the Exchange, Champion Holdings made a capital distribution to its members equal to an aggregate of $65.3 million (of which $22.5 million was reflected as a reduction to retained earnings and $42.8 million was reflected as a reduction to members’ contributed capital).

3.	Inventories

The components of inventory, net of reserves for obsolete inventory, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019		March 30, 2019
Raw materials	$	50,259	$	48,531
Work in process		13,682		13,973
Finished goods and other		49,122		60,134
Total inventories	$	113,063	$	122,638

At September 28, 2019 and March 30, 2019, reserves for obsolete inventory were $4.0 million and $4.1 million, respectively.

4.	Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated primarily on the straight-line method, generally over the following estimated useful lives: land improvements – 3 to 10 years; buildings and improvements – 8 to 25 years; and vehicles and machinery and equipment – 3 to 8 years. Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018 was $3.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018 was $6.7 million and $5.3 million, respectively.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

The components of property, plant, and equipment were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			March 30, 2019
Land and improvements	$	35,380		$	34,264
Buildings and improvements		86,738			83,973
Machinery and equipment		48,054			42,476
Construction in progress		3,821			3,619
Property, plant and equipment, at cost		173,993			164,332
Less: accumulated depreciation		(62,565	)		(55,745	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	111,428		$	108,587

5.	Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. At September 28, 2019 and March 30, 2019, the Company had goodwill of $173.5 million and $173.4 million, respectively. The change from March 30, 2019 was a result of the finalization of the allocation of net assets recognized in connection with the Exchange.

Intangible Assets

The components of amortizable intangible assets were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019									March 30, 2019
	Customer Relationships			Trade Names			Total			Customer Relationships			Trade Names			Total
Gross carrying amount	$	48,674		$	13,192		$	61,866		$	48,782		$	13,173		$	61,955
Accumulated amortization		(11,274	)		(4,533	)		(15,807	)		(9,052	)		(3,967	)		(13,019	)
Amortizable intangibles, net	$	37,400		$	8,659		$	46,059		$	39,730		$	9,206		$	48,936

The Company recognized finite-lived intangibles for customer relationships of $43.1 million and trade names of $9.0 million as a result of the allocation of the purchase price from the Exchange. The fair value of the customer relationship intangible asset was estimated using the multi-period excess earnings method of the income approach. The fair value of the customer relationship intangible asset was determined based on estimates and assumptions of projected cash flows attributable to the acquired customer relationships, the annual attrition rate of existing customer relationships, the contributory asset charges attributable to the assets that support the customer relationships, such as net working capital, property, plant, and equipment, trade name, and workforce, the economic life and the discount rate as determined at the time of the final valuation. The fair value of the trade name intangible asset was estimated using the relief-from-royalty method of the income approach. The fair value of the trade names intangible asset was determined based on estimates and assumptions used for the expected life of the intangible asset, the royalty rate and the discount rate that reflects the level of risk associated with the future cash flows as determined at the time of the final valuation. During the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, amortization of intangible assets was $1.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively. During the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, amortization of intangible assets was $2.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

6.	Other Current Liabilities

The components of other current liabilities were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019		March 30, 2019
Customer deposits and receipts in excess of revenues	$	24,953	$	28,392
Accrued volume rebates		19,797		21,020
Accrued warranty obligations		19,477		17,886
Accrued compensation and payroll taxes		28,708		32,075
Accrued insurance		16,985		16,245
Other		16,826		13,943
Total other current liabilities	$	126,746	$	129,561

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

7.	Accrued Warranty Obligations

Changes in the accrued warranty obligations were as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	23,990		$	21,898		$	23,346		$	15,430
Warranty assumed in the Exchange		—			—			—			6,259
Warranty expense		7,803			9,448			18,333			16,667
Cash warranty payments		(7,356	)		(8,475	)		(17,242	)		(15,485	)
Balance at end of period		24,437			22,871			24,437			22,871
Less: noncurrent portion in other long-term liabilities		(4,960	)		(5,700	)		(4,960	)		(5,700	)
Total current portion	$	19,477		$	17,171		$	19,477		$	17,171

8.	Debt and Floor Plan Payable

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019		March 30, 2019
Revolving credit facility maturing in 2023	$	31,900	$	41,900
Obligations under industrial revenue bonds due 2029		12,430		12,430
Total debt		44,330		54,330
Less: current portion		—		—
Total long-term debt	$	44,330	$	54,330

On June 5, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of banks. The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility of up to $100.0 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility of not less than $45.0 million. Initial borrowings under the Credit Agreement were used to repay the Company’s existing $46.9 million term loans (“Term Loans”) and replace the Company’s existing cash collateralized stand-alone letter of credit facility. The revolving credit facility allows the Company to draw down, repay and re-draw loans on the available funds during the term of the Credit Agreement. During the three and six months ended September 28, 2019, the Company repaid $5.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively, of amounts previously drawn on the revolving credit facility.

The Credit Agreement matures on June 5, 2023 and has no scheduled amortization. The interest rate under the Credit Agreement adjusts based on the first lien net leverage of the Company from a high of LIBOR plus 2.25% and ABR plus 1.25% when the first lien net leverage is equal to or greater than 2.00:1.00, to a low of LIBOR plus 1.50% and ABR plus 0.50% when the first lien net leverage is below 0.50:1.00. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay an unused line fee ranging between 0.40% and 0.25% (depending on the first lien net leverage) in respect of unused commitments under the Credit Agreement. At September 28, 2019 the interest rate on borrowings under the Credit Agreement was 3.57%. At September 28, 2019, letters of credit issued under the Credit Agreement totaled $28.7 million. Total available borrowings under the Credit Agreement as of September 28, 2019 were $39.4 million.

Obligations under industrial revenue bonds are supported by letters of credit and bear interest based on a municipal bond index rate. The weighted-average interest rate at September 28, 2019, including related costs and fees, was 3.69%. At March 30, 2019, the weighted average interest rate was 3.62%. The industrial revenue bonds require lump-sum payments of principal upon maturity in 2029.

The Credit Agreement contains covenants that restrict the amount of additional debt, liens and certain payments, including equity buybacks, investments, dispositions, mergers and consolidations, among other restrictions as defined. The Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Credit Agreement as of September 28, 2019.

Floor Plan Payable

The Company’s retail operations utilize floor plan financing to fund the acquisition of manufactured homes for display or resale. At September 28, 2019 and March 30, 2019, the Company had outstanding borrowings on floor plan financing agreements of $30.5 million and $33.3 million, respectively. Total credit line capacity provided under the agreements was $47.0 million as of September 28, 2019. Borrowings are secured by the homes and are required to be repaid when the Company sells the home to a customer.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

9.	Revenue Recognition

The following tables disaggregate the Company’s revenue by sales category for the three and six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Three Months Ended September 28, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	U.S. Factory-built Housing		Canadian Factory-built Housing		Corporate/ Other		Total

Manufacturing and retail	$	308,299	$	26,407	$	—	$	334,706
Commercial		4,531		—		—		4,531
Transportation		—		—		15,221		15,221
Total	$	312,830	$	26,407	$	15,221	$	354,458


	Six Months Ended September 28, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	U.S. Factory-built Housing		Canadian Factory-built Housing		Corporate/ Other		Total

Manufacturing and retail	$	639,904	$	50,107	$	—	$	690,011
Commercial		4,531		—		—		4,531
Transportation		—		—		31,804		31,804
Total	$	644,435	$	50,107	$	31,804	$	726,346

	Three Months Ended September 29, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	U.S. Factory-built Housing		Canadian Factory-built Housing		Corporate/ Other		Total

Manufacturing and retail	$	302,017	$	25,401	$	—	$	327,418
Commercial		4,598		—		—		4,598
Transportation		—		—		23,420		23,420
Total	$	306,615	$	25,401	$	23,420	$	355,436


	Six Months Ended September 29, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	U.S. Factory-built Housing		Canadian Factory-built Housing		Corporate/ Other		Total

Manufacturing and retail	$	562,803	$	52,755	$	—	$	615,558
Commercial		9,936		—		—		9,936
Transportation		—		—		52,203		52,203
Total	$	572,739	$	52,755	$	52,203	$	677,697

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

10.

Leases

The Company has operating leases for land, manufacturing and office facilities, and equipment. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such option. The Company's leases do not contain material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Lease expense included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations is shown below:

(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 28, 2019		Six Months Ended September 28, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	1,470	$	2,875
Short-term lease expense		230		603
Total lease expense	$	1,700	$	3,478

Operating lease assets and obligations included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet are shown below:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019
Right-of-use assets under operating leases:
Other long-term assets	$	12,712
Lease obligations under operating leases:
Other current liabilities		4,073
Other long-term liabilities		8,639
Total lease obligation	$	12,712

Maturities of lease obligations as of September 28, 2019, are shown below:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019
Fiscal 2020 ⁽¹⁾	$	2,500
Fiscal 2021		4,151
Fiscal 2022		3,086
Fiscal 2023		2,232
Fiscal 2024		909
Thereafter		2,213
Total undiscounted cash flows		15,091
Less: imputed interest		(2,379	)
Lease obligations under operating leases	$	12,712

(1)	For remaining period in fiscal year.

The weighted average lease term and discount rate for operating leases are shown below:

September 28,

2019

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)

5.1

Weighted average discount rate

5.6

The discount rate used to measure a lease obligation should be the rate implicit in the lease; however, the Company’s operating leases generally do not provide an implicit rate. Accordingly, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to determine the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is an entity-specific rate which represents the rate of interest a lessee would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term with similar payments.

Cash flow information related to operating leases is shown below:

(Dollars in thousands)	Six Months Ended September 28, 2019
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	1,606
Operating cash flows:
Cash paid related to operating lease obligations	$	2,958

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

11.	Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, the Company recorded $7.5 million and $5.8 million of income tax expense and had an effective tax rate of 29.8% and (8.2%), respectively. For the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, the Company recorded $14.2 million and $9.3 million of income tax expense and had an effective tax rate of 28.7% and (13.5%), respectively. The change in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended September 28, 2019, compared with the same respective periods of the prior year, was primarily due to costs related to the Exchange for which no tax benefit could be recognized.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended September 28, 2019 differs from the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% due primarily to the effect of non-deductible expenses, state and local income taxes and results in foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended September 29, 2018 differed from the federal statutory rate primarily due to the effect of non-deductible expenses, state and local income taxes, one-time charges related to the Exchange and results in foreign jurisdictions and non-taxable entities.

During the six months ended September 28, 2019, the Company’s uncertain tax position did not change. During the six months ended September 29, 2018, the Company’s uncertain tax position decreased by $0.4 million due to expiration of certain statutes of limitations. The Company estimates no material changes to uncertain tax benefits in the next twelve months. The Company records interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. Net interest and penalties for the periods presented herein were not significant.

12.	Earnings Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) attributable to the Company was computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to the Company by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Certain of the Company’s time-vesting restricted share awards are considered participating securities. Diluted earnings per common share is computed based on the more dilutive of (i) the two-class method, assuming the participating securities are not exercised or converted; or (ii) the summation of average common shares outstanding and additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued.

During the three and six months ended September 28, 2019, the two-class method was more dilutive and was not applicable to the September 29, 2018 computation given the net loss recorded for the three and six months ended September 29, 2018. The number of shares used to calculate earnings per share prior to the Exchange was determined based on the exchange ratio, as defined in the Exchange Agreement.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	17,745		$	(77,025	)	$	35,125		$	(77,878	)
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities		(65	)		—			(154	)		—
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company's common shareholders	$	17,680		$	(77,025	)	$	34,971		$	(77,878	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		56,481			54,105			56,424			50,747
Dilutive securities		243			—			233			—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		56,724			54,105			56,657			50,747

Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.31		$	(1.42	)	$	0.62		$	(1.53	)
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.31		$	(1.42	)	$	0.62		$	(1.53	)

13.	Transactions with Related Parties

Prior to the Exchange, the Company was party to a Management Advisory Services Agreement (“Services Agreement”) with Centerbridge Advisors, LLC; MAK Management L.P.; and Sankaty Advisors, LLC (collectively, the “Managers”), affiliates of which collectively owned a majority of the units of Champion Holdings and the Company’s common stock (the “Principal Shareholders”), whereby the Principal Shareholders provided management, consulting, financial and other advisory services to Champion Holdings. Management fee expense during fiscal 2019, recognized prior to the Exchange, was $0.3 million. The Services Agreement was terminated in connection with the Exchange. The Management fee expense is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operation.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

14.	Segment Information

Financial results for the Company's reportable segments have been prepared using a management approach, which is consistent with the basis and manner in which financial information is evaluated by the Company's chief operating decision maker in allocating resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the performance of the Company’s segment primarily based on net sales, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and operating assets.

The Company operates in two reportable segments: (i) U.S. Factory-built Housing, which includes manufacturing and retail housing operations and (ii) Canadian Factory-built Housing. Corporate/Other includes the Company’s transportation operations, corporate costs directly incurred for all segments and intersegment eliminations. Segments are generally determined by geography. Segment data includes intersegment revenues and corporate office costs that are directly and exclusively incurred for each segment. Total assets for Corporate/Other primarily include cash and certain deferred tax items not specifically allocated to another segment.

Selected financial information by reportable segment was as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018

Net sales:
U.S. Factory-built Housing	$	312,830		$	306,615		$	644,435		$	572,739
Canadian Factory-built Housing		26,407			25,401			50,107			52,755
Corporate/Other		15,221			23,420			31,804			52,203
Consolidated net sales	$	354,458		$	355,436		$	726,346		$	677,697
Operating income:
U.S. Factory-built Housing EBITDA	$	35,314		$	26,687		$	71,459		$	49,603
Canadian Factory-built Housing EBITDA		4,244			3,035			7,299			6,555
Corporate/Other EBITDA		(8,998	)		(94,744	)		(19,406	)		(108,197	)
Depreciation		(3,545	)		(2,845	)		(6,655	)		(5,275	)
Amortization		(1,362	)		(1,202	)		(2,724	)		(1,683	)
Consolidated operating income	$	25,653		$	(69,069	)	$	49,973		$	(58,997	)
Depreciation:
U.S. Factory-built Housing	$	3,068		$	2,415		$	5,706		$	4,460
Canadian Factory-built Housing		247			227			489			458
Corporate/Other		230			203			460			357
Consolidated depreciation	$	3,545		$	2,845		$	6,655		$	5,275
Amortization of intangible assets:
U.S. Factory-built Housing	$	1,362		$	1,142		$	2,724		$	1,562
Canadian Factory-built Housing		—			60			—			121
Corporate/Other		—			—			—			—
Consolidated amortization of intangible assets	$	1,362		$	1,202		$	2,724		$	1,683
Capital expenditures:
U.S. Factory-built Housing	$	4,144		$	2,176		$	7,502		$	3,456
Canadian Factory-built Housing		317			204			428			414
Corporate/Other		422			285			1,479			814
Consolidated capital expenditures	$	4,883		$	2,665		$	9,409		$	4,684

(Dollars in thousands)							September 28, 2019			March 30, 2019
Total Assets:
U.S. Factory-built Housing (1)							$	491,699		$	488,878
Canadian Factory-built Housing (1)								62,879			59,260
Corporate/Other (1)								176,972			151,816
Consolidated total assets							$	731,550		$	699,954

Skyline Champion Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Continued

(1)	Deferred tax assets for the Canadian operations are reflected in the Canadian Factory-built Housing segment. U.S. deferred tax assets are presented in Corporate/Other because an allocation between segments is not practicable.

15.	Commitments, Contingencies and Legal Proceedings

Repurchase Contingencies and Guarantees

The Company is contingently liable under terms of repurchase agreements with lending institutions that provide wholesale floor plan financing to retailers. These arrangements, which are customary in the manufactured housing industry, provide for the repurchase of products sold to retailers in the event of default by the retailer on their agreement to pay the financial institution. The risk of loss from these agreements is spread over numerous retailers. The repurchase price is generally determined by the original sales price of the product and pre-defined curtailment arrangements. The Company accounts for the guarantees under its repurchase agreements with the retailers’ financing institutions by estimating and deferring a portion of the related product sale that represents the estimated fair value of the repurchase obligation. The estimated fair value takes into account the estimate of the loss the Company will incur upon resale of any repurchases. This estimate is based on recent historical experience supplemented by management’s assessment of current economic and other conditions affecting the Company’s retailers. The reserve for estimated losses under repurchase agreements was $0.9 million at September 28, 2019 and $1.0 million at March 30, 2019. Excluding the resale value of the homes, the contingent repurchase obligation as of September 28, 2019 was estimated to be approximately $157.4 million. Losses incurred on homes repurchased were immaterial during each of the three and six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018.

In addition to the repurchase agreements, the Company has agreed to guarantee from 3% to 50% of certain retailers’ outstanding loans to a floor plan lender. At September 28, 2019, those guarantees totaled $0.7 million of which $0.5 million was outstanding.

At September 28, 2019, the Company was contingently obligated for approximately $28.7 million under letters of credit, primarily consisting of $12.7 million to support long-term debt, $15.7 million to support the casualty insurance program, and $0.3 million to support bonding agreements. The letters of credit are backed by a sub-facility under the New Credit Agreement. The Company was also contingently obligated for $24.1 million under surety bonds, generally to support performance on long-term construction contracts and license and service bonding requirements.

In the normal course of business, the Company’s former subsidiaries that operated in the United Kingdom historically provided certain guarantees to two customers. Those guarantees provide contractual liability for proven construction defects up to 12 years from the date of delivery of certain products. The guarantees remain a contingent liability of the Company which declines over time through October 2027. As of the date of this report, the Company expects few, if any, claims to be reported under the terms of the guarantees.

Legal Proceedings

The Company has agreed to indemnify counterparties in the ordinary course of its business in agreements to acquire and sell business assets and in financing arrangements. The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. As of the date of this filing, the Company believes the ultimate liability with respect to these contingent obligations will not have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 2.

MANAGEMENT’ S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following should be read in conjunction with Skyline Champion Corporation’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear in Item I of this Report.

Overview

On June 1, 2018, Skyline Champion Corporation (the “Company”) was formed by Skyline Corporation (“Skyline”) and Champion Enterprises Holdings, LLC (“Champion”) combining their operations pursuant to the Share Contribution & Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”), dated as of January 5, 2018, by and between Skyline and Champion Holdings, as described in further detail below. Champion Holdings was formed as a Delaware limited liability company in 2010. Skyline was originally incorporated in Indiana in 1959.

The Company is a leading producer of factory-built housing in the U.S. and Canada. The Company serves as a complete solutions provider across complementary and vertically integrated businesses including manufactured offsite construction, company-owned retail locations, and transportation logistics services. The Company is the largest independent publicly traded factory-built solutions provider in North America based on revenue and markets its homes under several nationally recognized brand names including Skyline Homes, Champion Home Builders, Genesis Homes, Athens Park Models, Dutch Housing, Excel Homes, Homes of Merit, New Era, Redman Homes, Shore Park, Silvercrest, Titan Homes in the U.S. and Moduline and SRI Homes in western Canada. The Company operates 33 manufacturing facilities throughout the U.S. and five manufacturing facilities in western Canada that primarily construct factory-built, timber-framed manufactured and modular houses that are sold primarily to independent retailers, builders/developers, and manufactured home community operators. The Company’s retail operations consist of 21 sales centers that sell manufactured homes to consumers primarily in the southern U.S. The Company’s transportation business engages independent owners/drivers to transport manufactured homes and recreational vehicles throughout the U.S. and Canada.

Acquisitions and Expansions

Over the last several years, market demand for the Company’s products, primarily affordable housing in the U.S., has continued to improve. As a result, the Company has focused on operational improvements to make existing manufacturing facilities more profitable as well as executing measured expansion of its manufacturing and retail footprint.

In response to the increasing demand for factory-built housing in the U.S., the Company has increased capacity through strategic acquisitions and expansions of its manufacturing footprint. The Company is focused on growing in strong HUD-markets across the U.S. as well as further expanding into the Northeast and Midwest U.S. modular housing markets. During June 2019, the Company began production at its newest manufactured housing facility in Leesville, Louisiana. During fiscal 2019, the Company completed its expansion of its Corona, California facility by adding a second production line and expanded its Leola, Pennsylvania campus by adding an additional plant. Production at the Leola facility began in April 2019. The Exchange added eight plants to the Company’s manufacturing footprint in fiscal 2019 (described in more detail below). In April 2017, the Company completed the purchase of a factory-built housing plant in Mansfield, Texas. In January 2017, the Company restarted operations at the Liverpool, Pennsylvania location, which was one of five modular manufacturing facilities acquired through a series of transactions with Innovative Building Systems, LLC and its subsidiaries. (“IBS” or the “IBS Acquisition”). The other facilities acquired from IBS are idle and provide the Company with opportunity to add capacity.

The Company has also focused on expansion of its company-owned retail operations, opening three additional retail sales centers during fiscal 2018 and five during fiscal 2017. Management believes retail expansion provides an opportunity to increase the Company’s presence in market segments that are not currently served through its independent retail network, while also providing for expansion and increased utilization of existing manufacturing operations.

These acquisitions and investments are part of a strategy to grow and diversify revenue with a focus on increasing the Company’s HUD and modular homebuilding presence in the U.S. as well as improving the results of operations. These acquisitions and investments are included in the consolidated results for periods subsequent to their respective acquisition dates.

Combination with Skyline

On January 5, 2018, Champion Holdings and Skyline entered into an Exchange Agreement pursuant to which the two companies agreed to combine their operations. The Exchange was completed on June 1, 2018 and was accounted for as a reverse acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting as provided by FASB Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Champion Holdings was determined to be the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed by Champion Holdings as a result of the Exchange were recorded at their respective fair values and added to the carrying value of Champion Holdings existing assets and liabilities. As Champion Holdings is the accounting acquirer, the Company’s financial results for the six months ending September 29, 2018 are comprised of 1) the results of Champion Holdings for the period between April 1, 2018 and May 31, 2018 and 2) the Company, after giving effect to the Exchange, from June 1, 2018 through September 29, 2018.

Industry and Company Outlook

For the six months ended September 28, 2019, approximately 77% of the Company’s U.S. manufacturing sales were generated from the manufacture of homes that comply with the Federal HUD-code construction standard in the U.S. Industry shipments of HUD-code homes were 62,471 during the eight months ended August 31, 2019 compared to 66,721 units shipped in same period of the prior year. The Company’s HUD market share during those periods was 17.1% versus 14.4% in the comparable period of the prior year. Industry sales of HUD-code homes have increased since 2009, when 50,000 HUD-code homes were sold. Fewer factory-built homes were sold in 2009 than in any year since 1959. While HUD-code factory-built home shipments have improved modestly over the past few years, the industry continues to operate at relatively low levels compared to historical shipment statistics. For instance, the long-term average for manufactured home shipments since 1960 is approximately 222,000 units per year.

For the six months ended September 28, 2019, approximately 16% of the Company’s U.S. manufacturing sales were modular. The industry reports U.S. modular market shipments quarterly and three months in arrears. Industry shipments of modular homes in the U.S. were 6,916 during the first half of calendar year 2019, which was 9.9% lower than the 7,673 units shipped in the comparable period of the prior year. The Company’s modular market share during these periods was 14.1% and 11.5%, respectively. Modular home sales across the industry have generally been stable since 2009.

UNAUDITED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR Q2 FISCAL 2020 VS. 2019

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018

Results of Operations Data:
Net sales	$	354,458		$	355,436
Cost of sales		280,403			296,436
Gross profit		74,055			59,000
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		48,402			128,069
Operating income (loss)		25,653			(69,069	)
Interest expense, net		382			827
Other expense		—			1,307
Income (loss) before income taxes		25,271			(71,203	)
Income tax expense		7,526			5,822
Net income (loss)	$	17,745		$	(77,025	)

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss)	$	17,745		$	(77,025	)
Income tax expense		7,526			5,822
Interest expense, net		382			827
Depreciation and amortization		4,907			4,047
Equity-based compensation (for awards granted prior to December 31, 2018)		1,534			85,839
Foreign currency transaction loss (gain)		47			(34	)
Transaction costs		—			492
Acquisition integration costs		340			2,313
Equity-offering costs		—			816
Restructuring costs and other		1			702
Adjusted EBITDA	$	32,482		$	23,799
As a percent of net sales:
Gross profit		20.9	%		16.6	%
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		13.7	%		36.0	%
Operating income (loss)		7.2	%		(19.4	%)
Net income (loss)		5.0	%		(21.7	%)
Adjusted EBITDA		9.2	%		6.7	%

NET SALES

The following table summarizes net sales for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		Change			% Change
Net sales	$	354,458	$	355,436	$	(978	)		(0.3	%)
U.S. manufacturing and retail net sales	$	312,830	$	306,615	$	6,215			2.0	%
U.S. homes sold		5,026		5,038		(12	)		(0.2	%)
U.S. manufacturing and retail average home selling price	$	62.2	$	60.9	$	1.4			2.3	%
Canadian manufacturing net sales	$	26,407	$	25,401	$	1,006			4.0	%
Canadian homes sold		311		312		(1	)		(0.3	%)
Canadian manufacturing average home selling price	$	84.9	$	81.4	$	3			4.3	%
Corporate/Other net sales	$	15,221	$	23,420	$	(8,199	)		(35.0	%)
U.S. manufacturing facilities in operation at end of period		33		31		2			6.5	%
U.S. retail sales centers in operation at end of period		21		21		—			—	%
Canadian manufacturing facilities in operation at end of period		5		5		—			—	%

Net sales for the three months ended September 28, 2019 were $354.5 million, a decrease of $1.0 million, or 0.3% compared to the three months ended September 29, 2018. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

U.S. Factory-built Housing:

Sales of homes for the Company’s U.S. manufacturing and retail operations increased by $6.2 million, or 2.0%. The improvement was due to a 2.3% increase in average home selling prices resulting from a shift in product mix. Product mix fluctuations result from consumer preferences regarding the size and styles of homes selected for purchase, as well as opting for home upgrade packages as well as regional housing dynamics.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

The Canadian Factory-built Housing segment net sales increased by $1.0 million, or 4.0% for the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was due to a 4.3% increase in average home selling price resulting from a shift in product mix. Net sales for the Canadian segment were unfavorably impacted by approximately $0.6 million as the Canadian dollar weakened compared to the U.S. dollar during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 as compared to the same period of the prior year.

Corporate/Other:

Net sales for Corporate/Other includes the Company’s transportation business and the elimination of intersegment sales. For the three months ended September 28, 2019, net sales decreased $8.2 million, or 35.0%. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower net sales in the Company’s transportation business primarily as a result of lower shipments associated with reduced RV demand in the U.S.

GROSS PROFIT

The following table summarizes gross profit for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change			% Change
Gross profit:
U.S. Factory-built Housing	$	65,361		$	50,706		$	14,655			28.9	%
Canadian Factory-built Housing		5,953			4,588			1,365			29.8	%
Corporate/Other		2,741			3,706			(965	)		(26.0	%)
Total gross profit	$	74,055		$	59,000		$	15,055			25.5	%
Gross profit as a percent of net sales		20.9	%		16.6	%

Gross profit as a percent of sales during the three months ended September 28, 2019 was 20.9% compared to 16.6% during three months ended September 29, 2018. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

U.S. Factory-built Housing:

Gross profit for the U.S. Factory-built Housing segment increased by $14.7 million, or 28.9%, during the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. Gross profit was 20.9% as a percent of segment net sales for the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared to 16.5% in the same period of the prior year. Gross profit expansion was driven by material cost inputs, Exchange synergy capture, rationalization of product offerings and plant operating improvements. These improvements were partially offset by the production ramp costs for capacity expansion at a recently opened manufacturing facility.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

Gross profit for the Canadian Factory-built Housing segment increased $1.4 million, or 29.8%, during the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. Gross profit as a percent of net segment sales was 22.5% for the three months ended September 28, 2019, compared to 18.1% in the same period of the prior year. Gross margin increased due to product mix, lower material commodity pricing, and efforts to reduce fixed expenses during slower economic market cycles.

Corporate/Other:

Gross profit for the Corporate/Other segment decreased $1.0 million, or 26.0%, during the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. However, Corporate/Other gross profit improved as a percent of segment net sales to 18.0% from 15.8%. Gross margins for the Company’s transportation business improved as a percent of sales due in part to less brokered business to other providers at lower margins in response to the decline in revenue caused by the softening of market demand for RVs.

SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Selling, general, and administrative expenses include foreign currency transaction gains and losses, equity compensation, and intangible amortization expense. The following table summarizes selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change			% Change
Selling, general, and administrative expenses:
U.S. Factory-built Housing	$	34,476		$	26,494		$	7,982			30.1	%
Canadian Factory-built Housing		1,956			1,840			116			6.3	%
Corporate/Other		11,970			99,735			(87,765	)		(88.0	%)
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses	$	48,402		$	128,069		$	(79,667	)		(62.2	%)
Selling, general, and administrative expense as a percent of net sales		13.7	%		36.0	%

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $48.4 million for the three months ended September 28, 2019, a decrease of $79.7 million compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to stock compensation expense recognized in the prior year, as explained further below. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

U.S. Factory-built Housing:

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the U.S. Factory-built Housing segment increased $8.0 million, or 30.1%, during the three months ended September 28, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Selling, general, and administrative expenses, as a percent of segment net sales, was 11.0% for the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared to 8.6% during the comparable period in the prior year. The increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses was a combination of factors which include (i) higher sales commissions and incentive compensation, which is generally based on sales volume or a measure of profitability; (ii) an increase in salaries and benefits to maintain competitive compensation packages to retain and recruit team members; and (iii) investment in capacity expansion at a newly opened manufacturing facility.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the Canadian Factory-built Housing segment increased $0.1 million, or 6.3%, during the three months ended September 28, 2019 as compared to the same period of the prior year. As a percent of segment net sales, selling, general, and administrative expenses for the Canadian segment was 7.4% for the three months ended September 28, 2019 compared to 7.2% for the same period in the prior year. The increase is primarily due to higher sales commissions and incentive compensation, which is generally based on sales volume or a measure of profitability.

Corporate/Other:

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for Corporate/Other includes the Company’s transportation operations, corporate costs incurred for all segments and intersegment eliminations. Selling, general, and administrative expenses for Corporate/Other decreased $87.8 million, or 88.0%, during the three months ended September 28, 2019 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The decrease is mainly related to stock compensation expense recognized in the prior year triggered by the secondary offerings which closed during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 of $85.8 million, as well as a reduction in acquisition integration costs and restructuring costs of $2.7 million.

INTEREST EXPENSE, NET

The following table summarizes the components of interest expense, net for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change			% Change
Interest expense	$	1,195		$	1,197		$	(2	)		(0.2	%)
Interest income		(813	)		(370	)		(443	)		119.7	%
Interest expense, net	$	382		$	827		$	(445	)		(53.8	%)
Average outstanding floor plan payable	$	31,284		$	28,745
Average outstanding long-term debt	$	48,080		$	59,422

Interest expense, net was $0.4 million for the three months ended September 28, 2019, a decrease of $0.4 million compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease was related to: (i) higher interest income recognized during the period as a result of higher average cash balances invested in short term facilities and (ii) a lower average outstanding balance on its credit facility as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease was offset by increased interest expense on the floor plan payable balances due to a higher average outstanding balance as compared to the same period in the prior year, as well as an increase in the effective interest rate on the borrowings.

OTHER EXPENSE

The following table summarizes other expense for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

Three Months Ended

(Dollars in thousands)

September 28,

2019

September 29,

2018

Change

Other expense

—

1,307

(1,307

)

(100.0

Other expense for the three months ended September 29, 2018 related to legal, accounting, and advisory services associated with the secondary offerings of $0.8 million and the Exchange of $0.5 million.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

The following table summarizes income tax expense for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change		% Change

Income tax expense	$	7,526		$	5,822		$	1,704		29.3	%
Effective tax rate		29.8	%		(8.2	%)

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 28, 2019 was $7.5 million, representing an effective tax rate of 29.8%, compared to income tax expense of $5.8 million, representing an effective tax rate of (8.2%), for the three months ended September 29, 2018.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 28, 2019 differs from the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0%, due primarily to the effect of non-deductible expenses, state and local income taxes, and results in foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 29, 2018 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the effect of non-deductible expenses, state and local income taxes, one-time charges related to the Exchange and results of operations in foreign jurisdictions and non-taxable entities.

ADJUSTED EBITDA

The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018			Change			% Change
Net income (loss)	$	17,745	$	(77,025	)	$	94,770		*
Income tax expense		7,526		5,822			1,704			29.3	%
Interest expense, net		382		827			(445	)		(53.8	%)
Depreciation and amortization		4,907		4,047			860			21.3	%
Equity-based compensation (for awards granted prior to December 31, 2018)		1,534		85,839			(84,305	)		(98.2	%)
Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss		47		(34	)		81		*
Transaction costs		—		492			(492	)	*
Acquisition integration costs		340		2,313			(1,973	)		(85.3	%)
Equity-offering costs		—		816			(816	)	*
Restructuring costs and other		1		702			(701	)	*
Adjusted EBITDA	$	32,482	$	23,799		$	8,683			36.5	%

* indicates that the calculated percentage is not meaningful

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 28, 2019 was $32.5 million, an increase of $8.7 million from the same period of the prior year. The increase is primarily due improved gross profit levels generated by lower material cost inputs, procurement and operational synergies related to the Exchange, and execution on identified operational improvements. See Adjusted EBITDA definition below for additional information regarding the definition and use of this metric in evaluating the Company’s results.

UNAUDITED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE FIRST HALF OF FISCAL 2020 VS. 2019

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018

Results of Operations Data:
Net sales	$	726,346		$	677,697
Cost of sales		576,256			563,537
Gross profit		150,090			114,160
Selling, general and administrative expenses		100,117			173,157
Operating income (loss)		49,973			(58,997	)
Interest expense, net		691			1,899
Other expense		—			7,720
Income (loss) before income taxes		49,282			(68,616	)
Income tax expense		14,157			9,262
Net income (loss)	$	35,125		$	(77,878	)

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss)	$	35,125		$	(77,878	)
Income tax expense		14,157			9,262
Interest expense, net		691			1,899
Depreciation and amortization		9,379			6,958
Equity-based compensation (for awards granted prior to December 31, 2018)		2,641			93,927
Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss		(25	)		33
Transaction costs		—			6,905
Acquisition integration costs		1,378			3,502
Equity-offering costs		—			816
Fair market value adjustment for asset classified as held for sale		986			—
Restructuring costs and other		235			1,110
Adjusted EBITDA	$	64,567		$	46,534
As a percent of net sales:
Gross profit		20.7	%		16.8	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		13.8	%		25.6	%
Operating income (loss)		6.9	%		(8.7	%)
Net income (loss)		4.8	%		(11.5	%)
Adjusted EBITDA		8.9	%		6.9	%

NET SALES

The following table summarizes net sales for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		Change			% Change

Net sales	$	726,346	$	677,697	$	48,649			7.2	%
U.S. manufacturing and retail net sales	$	644,435	$	572,739	$	71,696			12.5	%
U.S. homes sold		10,474		9,587		887			9.3	%
U.S. manufacturing and retail average home selling price	$	61.5	$	59.7	$	1.8			3.0	%
Canadian manufacturing net sales	$	50,107	$	52,755	$	(2,648	)		(5.0	%)
Canadian homes sold		596		674		(78	)		(11.6	%)
Canadian manufacturing average home selling price	$	84.1	$	78.3	$	6			7.4	%
Corporate/Other net sales	$	31,804	$	52,203	$	(20,399	)		(39.1	%)
U.S. manufacturing facilities in operation at end of period		33		31		2			6.5	%
U.S. retail sales centers in operation at end of period		21		21		—			—	%
Canadian manufacturing facilities in operation at end of period		5		5		—			—	%

Net sales for the six months ended September 28, 2019 were $726.3 million, an increase of $48.6 million, or 7.2% over the six months ended September 29, 2018. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

U.S. Factory-built Housing:

The U.S. Factory-built Housing segment accounted for the Company’s net sales growth for the six months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. Sales of homes for the Company’s U.S. manufacturing and retail operations increased by $71.7 million, or 12.5%. The number of homes sold during the six months ended September 28, 2019 increased by 887 units, or 9.3%. Net sales increased by $50.3 million due to the inclusion of the Skyline operations for all six months in the first half of fiscal 2020 compared to the same period of the prior year which only included four months of Skyline operations. The remainder of the increase was due to a combination of factors which included additional manufacturing capacity, plant operating improvements, and an increase in the average home selling price which was driven primarily by product mix. Product mix fluctuations result from consumer preferences regarding the sizes and styles of homes selected for purchase, and opting for home upgrade packages as well as regional housing dynamics.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

The Canadian Factory-built Housing segment net sales decreased by $2.6 million, or 5.0% for the six months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to a 11.6% decrease in number of homes sold, partially offset by a 7.4% increase in average home selling price which was a result of pricing actions taken by the Company as well as shifts in product mix. The number of homes sold decreased due to the decline in manufactured housing demand in the British Columbia and Alberta provinces versus the same period in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, net sales for the Canadian segment were unfavorably impacted by approximately $1.3 million as the Canadian dollar weakened compared to the U.S. dollar during the first half of fiscal 2020 as compared to the same period of the prior year.

Corporate/Other:

Net sales for Corporate/Other includes the Company’s transportation business and the elimination of intersegment sales. For the six months ended September 28, 2019, net sales decreased $20.4 million, or 39.1%. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower net sales in the Company’s transportation business primarily as a result of lower shipments associated with reduced RV demand in the U.S.

GROSS PROFIT

The following table summarizes gross profit for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change			% Change

Gross profit:
U.S. Factory-built Housing	$	133,676		$	96,029		$	37,647			39.2	%
Canadian Factory-built Housing		10,579			9,942			637			6.4	%
Corporate/Other		5,835			8,189			(2,354	)		(28.7	%)
Total gross profit	$	150,090		$	114,160		$	35,930			31.5	%
Gross profit as a percent of net sales		20.7	%		16.8	%

Gross profit as a percent of sales during the six months ended September 28, 2019 was 20.7% compared to 16.8% during six months ended September 29, 2018. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

U.S. Factory-built Housing:

Gross profit for the U.S. Factory-built Housing segment increased by $37.6 million, or 39.2%, during the six months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in gross profit is due to the increase in sales volumes and improved margins. Gross profit was 20.7% as a percent of segment net sales for the six months ended September 28, 2019 compared to 16.8% in the same period of the prior year. Gross profit expansion was driven by favorable material pricing, refinement of product offerings, plant operating improvements, and procurement and operational synergies related to the Exchange, all of which were partially offset by labor inflation.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

Gross profit for the Canadian Factory-built Housing segment increased $0.6 million, or 6.4%, during the six months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year. Gross profit as a percent of net sales was 21.1% for the six months ended September 28, 2019, compared to 18.8% in the same period of the prior year. Gross margin increased due to product mix, lower material commodity pricing, and efforts to reduce fixed expenses during slower economic market cycles.

Corporate/Other:

Gross profit for the Corporate/Other segment decreased $2.4 million, or 28.7%, during the six months ended September 28, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year due to lower sales volume. Corporate/Other gross profit improved as a percent of segment net sales to 18.3% from 15.7%. Gross margins for the Company’s transportation business improved as a percent of sales due in part to less brokered business to other providers at lower margins in response to the decline in revenue caused by the softening of market demand for RVs.

SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Selling, general, and administrative expenses include foreign currency transaction gains and losses, equity compensation and intangible amortization expense. The following table summarizes selling, general, and administrative expenses for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change			% Change

Selling, general, and administrative expenses:
U.S. Factory-built Housing	$	70,647		$	51,005		$	19,642			38.5	%
Canadian Factory-built Housing		3,769			3,966			(197	)		(5.0	%)
Corporate/Other		25,701			118,186			(92,485	)		(78.3	%)
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses	$	100,117		$	173,157		$	(73,040	)		(42.2	%)
Selling, general, and administrative expense as a percent of net sales		13.8	%		25.6	%

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $100.1 million for the six months ended September 28, 2019, a decrease of $73.0 million compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to stock compensation expense recognized in the prior year, as explained further below. The following is a summary of the change by operating segment.

U.S. Factory-built Housing:

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the U.S. Factory-built Housing segment increased $19.6 million, or 38.5%, during the six months ended September 28, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Selling, general, and administrative expenses, as a percent of segment net sales, was 11.0% for the six months ended September 28, 2019 compared to 8.9% during the comparable period in the prior year. The inclusion of six months of Skyline operations for the first half of fiscal 2020 versus four months for the same period of the prior year as well as intangible amortization related to the Exchange increased selling, general, and administrative expenses by $6.7 million. The Company recorded ramp up costs for capacity expansion of $2.1 million during the six months ended September 28, 2019. The remainder of the increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses was a combination of factors which include (i) higher sales commissions and incentive compensation, which is generally based on sales volume or a measure of profitability, and (ii) an increase in salaries and benefits to maintain competitive compensation packages to retain and recruit team members.

Canadian Factory-built Housing:

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the Canadian Factory-built Housing segment decreased $0.2 million, or 5.0%, during the six months ended September 28, 2019 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The decrease is due to an effort to reduce fixed expenses during slower economic market cycles, partially offset by higher sales commissions and incentive compensation, which is generally based on sales volume or a measure of profitability. As a percent of segment net sales, selling, general, and administrative expenses for the Canadian segment was 7.5% for both the six months ended September 28, 2019 and the same period in the prior year.

Corporate/Other:

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for Corporate/Other includes the Company’s transportation operations, corporate costs incurred for all segments and intersegment eliminations. Selling, general, and administrative expenses for Corporate/Other decreased $92.5 million, or 78.3%, during the six months ended September 28, 2019 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The decrease is mainly related to stock compensation expense of $93.9 million recognized in the prior year triggered by the Exchange and secondary offerings, as well as a reduction in acquisition integration and restructuring costs of $3.0 million. This decrease was partially offset by a fair market value adjustment charge of $1.0 million related to property acquired in the Exchange and stock-based compensation expense for long term incentive plans of $2.1 million recorded during the six months ended September 28, 2019.

INTEREST EXPENSE, NET

The following table summarizes the components of interest expense, net for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change			% Change

Interest expense	$	2,466		$	2,699		$	(233	)		(8.6	%)
Interest income		(1,775	)		(800	)		(975	)		121.9	%
Interest expense, net	$	691		$	1,899		$	(1,208	)		(63.6	%)
Average outstanding floor plan payable	$	31,959		$	29,407
Average outstanding long-term debt	$	50,759		$	59,377

Interest expense, net was $0.7 million for the six months ended September 28, 2019, a decrease of $1.2 million compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease was primarily related to higher interest income recognized during the period as a result of higher average cash balances invested in short term facilities. In addition, the Company incurred reduced interest expense due to (i) a lower weighted average interest rate on its revolving credit facility of 3.9% as compared to 7.4% on the term loans under a previously outstanding credit agreement, and (ii) an average lower outstanding balance on its credit facility as compared to the same period in the prior year.

OTHER EXPENSE

The following table summarizes other expense for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019		September 29, 2018		Change			% Change

Other expense	$	—	$	7,720	$	(7,720	)		(100.0	%)

Other expense for the six months ended September 29, 2018 primarily consists of $6.9 million of expenses related to legal, accounting, and advisory services associated with the Exchange. The Company also incurred $0.8 million of expenses for legal, accounting, and advisory services related to the secondary offerings.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

The following table summarizes income tax expense for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change		% Change

Income tax expense	$	14,157		$	9,262		$	4,895		52.9	%
Effective tax rate		28.7	%		(13.5	%)

Income tax expense for the six months ended September 28, 2019 was $14.2 million, representing an effective tax rate of 28.7%, compared to income tax expense of $9.3 million, representing an effective tax rate of (13.5%), for the six months ended September 29, 2018.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the six months ended September 28, 2019 differs from the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0%, due primarily to the effect of non-deductible expenses, state and local income taxes, and results in foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s effective tax rate for the six months ended September 29, 2018 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due the effect of non-deductible expenses, state and local income taxes, one-time charges related to the Exchange and results of operations in foreign jurisdictions and non-taxable entities. The effective tax rate for the six months ended September 28, 2019 is more representative of the Company’s ongoing expected effective tax rate.

ADJUSTED EBITDA

The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, for the six months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018			Change			% Change

Net income (loss)	$	35,125		$	(77,878	)	$	113,003		*
Income tax expense		14,157			9,262			4,895			52.9	%
Interest expense, net		691			1,899			(1,208	)		(63.6	%)
Depreciation and amortization		9,379			6,958			2,421			34.8	%
Equity-based compensation (for awards granted prior to December 31, 2018)		2,641			93,927			(91,286	)		(97.2	%)
Foreign currency transaction (gain) loss		(25	)		33			(58	)	*
Transaction costs		—			6,905			(6,905	)	*
Acquisition integration costs		1,378			3,502			(2,124	)		(60.7	%)
Equity-offering costs		—			816			(816	)	*
Fair market value adjustment for asset classified as held for sale		986			—			986		*
Restructuring costs and other		235			1,110			(875	)		(78.8	%)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	64,567		$	46,534		$	18,033			38.8	%

* indicates that the calculated percentage is not meaningful

Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended September 28, 2019 was $64.6 million, an increase of $18.0 million from the same period of the prior year. The increase is primarily a result of increased operating income after adjusting for the effect of increased depreciation and amortization, transaction-related expenses, integration costs, restructuring costs and non-cash equity-based compensation incurred in connection with the Exchange. The increase in operating income is primarily due to an increase in sales volume from the inclusion of the Skyline operations and an improvement in gross profit margins partially offset by higher selling, general, and administrative costs. See Adjusted EBITDA definition below for additional information regarding the definition and use of this metric in evaluating the Company’s results.

The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as net income or loss plus (a) the provision for income taxes, (b) interest expense, net, (c) depreciation and amortization, (d) gain or loss from discontinued operations, (e) foreign currency gains and losses, (f) equity-based compensation awards granted prior to December 31, 2018, (g) restructuring charges, (h) impairment of assets, and (i) other non-operating costs including those for the acquisition and integration or disposition of businesses and idle facilities. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of earnings calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income or loss, net sales, operating income or earnings per share prepared on a U.S. GAAP basis. The Company believes that Adjusted EBITDA is commonly used by investors to evaluate its performance and that of its competitors. However, the Company’s use of Adjusted EBITDA may vary from that of others in its industry.

In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, investors should be aware that in the future the Company may incur expenses similar to those adjusted for in this presentation. This presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that the Company’s future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items.

Adjusted EBITDA has important limitations as an analytical tool and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

Adjusted EBITDA:

•

does not reflect the interest expense on our debt;

•

excludes impairments; and

•

does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

•

although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and

•

other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our U.S. GAAP results and using non-GAAP financial measures only on a supplemental basis.

BACKLOG

Although orders from customers can be cancelled at any time without penalty, and unfilled orders are not necessarily an indication of future business, the Company’s unfilled U.S. and Canadian manufacturing orders for homes at September 28, 2019 totaled $172.0 million compared to $252.4 million at September 29, 2018. The reduction in backlog is driven by a decrease in order rates from retailers. The order rates are based on manufacturers’ backlogs and delivery times which are shorter, generally, than the same time last year. In addition, backlog for Canadian operations was lower in the current period due to continued softness in the western Canada housing markets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash

The following table presents summary cash flow information for the three months ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018:

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 28, 2019			September 29, 2018
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	52,158		$	29,018
Investing activities		(9,392	)		5,181
Financing activities		(14,829	)		(67,904	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents		168			(38	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		28,105			(33,743	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		126,634			136,616
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	154,739		$	102,873

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, existing cash balances and borrowings under available credit facilities. The Company has $39.4 million of unused borrowing capacity under its revolving credit facility. Cash balances and cash flow from operations for the next year are expected to be adequate to fund capital expenditures. The level of cash availability is projected to be in excess of cash needed to operate the business for the next year. In the event operating cash flow is inadequate and one or more capital resources were to become unavailable, the Company would revise operating strategies accordingly.

Cash provided by operating activities was $52.2 million during the six months ended September 28, 2019 compared to $29.0 million during the six months ended September 29, 2018. Cash was generated by operating income (before non-cash charges) from higher sales and operating margins compared to the prior year. Additionally, there were no transaction expenses incurred for the Skyline acquisition or equity offering costs in the first half of fiscal 2020 compared to $7.5 million in the same period of the prior year, which contributed to the positive increase in cash provided by operating activities compared to the prior period.

Cash used in investing activities was $9.4 million for the six months ended September 28, 2019 which was related to capital expenditures. The expenditures for capital items are part of the Company’s focus on efficiency and safety initiatives as well as the expansion of production capacity with the investment in the new Leesville, Louisiana manufacturing facility. Cash provided by investing activities was $5.2 million during the six months ended September 29, 2018 as a result of cash acquired in the Exchange of $9.7 million, offset by capital expenditures of $4.7 million.

Cash used in financing activities was $14.8 million for the six months ended September 28, 2019, primarily related to the $10.0 million repayment on the revolving credit facility and $2.8 million, net repayment on the floor plan payable balance. Cash used in financing activities for the six months ended September 29, 2018 was $67.9 million, primarily as a result of distributions to Champion Holdings’ members of $65.3 million prior to completion of the Exchange and $2.0 million of additional payments made for deferred financing fees. The Company also borrowed $46.9 million under the revolving credit agreement during the six months ended September 29, 2018 and utilized the proceeds to repay term loans.

Critical Accounting Policies

For a discussion of our critical accounting policies that management believes affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements, see Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2019 (the “Fiscal 2019 Annual Report”), under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies." There have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies or critical accounting estimates discussed in the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, with the exception of adoption of the new lease standard described in Note 10, “Leases,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”).

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For information on the impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 1, “Basis of Presentation – Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the statements in this Report are not historical in nature are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations regarding our future liquidity, earnings, expenditures, and financial condition. These statements are often identified by the words “will,” “should,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “hope,” or similar expressions. These statements reflect management’s current views with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties. There are important factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include the following:

•

local, regional, national and international economic and financial market conditions and the impact they may have on the Company and our customers and our assessment of that impact;

•

demand fluctuations in the U.S. and Canadian housing industry;

•

the impact of customer preferences;

•

regulations pertaining to the housing and park model RV industries;

•

general or seasonal weather conditions affecting sales;

•

the potential impact of natural disasters on sales and raw material costs;

•

the prices and availability of materials;

•

periodic inventory adjustments by, and changes to relationships with, independent retailers;

•

changes in interest and foreign exchange rates;

•

more stringent credit standards or financing terms may be imposed by lenders on us, our dealers or customers;

•

the ability to service debt;

•

the impact of inflation;

•

the impact of labor costs, shortage, and turnover;

•

competitive pressures on pricing and promotional costs;

•

the availability of insurance coverage and changes in insurance costs;

•

the timely development and acceptance of new products and services and perceived overall value of these products and services by others;

•

greater than expected costs or difficulties related to the integration of new products and lines of business;

•

acquisitions and the integration of acquired businesses;

•

the effect of changes in laws and regulations with which we must comply;

•

the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices and auditing requirements; and

•

management’s ability to attract and retain executive officers and key personnel.

The forward-looking statements in this Report are made as of the date hereof, and we do not assume any obligation to update, amend or clarify them to reflect events, new information or circumstances occurring after the date hereof.

Item 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

For a discussion of the Company’s interest rate and foreign exchange risks, see Part II, Item 7A of the Fiscal 2019 Annual Report, under the heading "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk." There were no significant changes in the Company’s market risk to the market risk information included in the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods and accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management, with the participation of the CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures (pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) at September 28, 2019. Based upon this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 28, 2019.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’ internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved from time to time in various legal proceedings and claims, including, without limitation, commercial or contractual disputes, product liability claims and other matters. For additional information on legal proceedings, see Note 15, “Commitments, Contingencies and Legal Proceedings – Legal Proceedings,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

Item 1A.

RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors described in Part 1, Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in our Fiscal 2019 Annual Report, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes to the disclosure on these matters set forth in the Fiscal 2019 Annual Report.

Item 6.

EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number		Description

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act rules 13a-4 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. †

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act rules 13a-4 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. †

32		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. †

101 (SCH)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101(CAL)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101(DEF)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101(LAB)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101(PRE)		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File.

†	Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Skyline Champion Corporation

Registrant

Signature	Title	Date

/s/ Mark Yost	Chief Executive Officer	October 31, 2019
Mark Yost	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Laurie Hough	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer	October 31, 2019
Laurie Hough	(Principal Financial Officer)