SDS ProShares UltraShort S&P500

The ETF world is gaining immense popularity as evidenced by the roughly $1.3 trillion invested in the space. At least part of this interest is due to low costs, tax efficiency and transparency, while the large number of strategies that are easily accessible by ETFs hasn’t hurt either.

What are leveraged inverse ETFs?

Leveraged inverse ETFs (often known as ‘ultra-short’ funds) occupy a small slice of the ETF space. These ETFs provide opposite exposure that is a multiple (i.e – 2X or -3X) of the performance of the underlying index. These funds employ various investment strategies such as use of swaps, futures contracts and other derivative instruments to accomplish their objectives.

Since most of these ETFs seek to attain their goals on a daily basis, their performance could vary significantly from the inverse performance of their underlying index or benchmark, over a longer period when compared to the short period (such as, weeks, months or years) due to their compounding effect (read: Leveraged and Inverse ETFs: Suitable Only For Short Term Trading). This phenomenon can be explained by an example below.

Suppose, an investor buys a leveraged inverse ETF for $100 that has two times (2X) exposure to the underlying index of say 10,000. If the index goes up by 1% to 10,100 on day 1, then the market price of the ETF moves down by 2% to $98 on the same day. Again, when the index goes up by another 1% to 10,201 on day 2, then the ETF value goes down by another 2% to $96.04.

Over the cumulative two days, the index is up by 2.01% while the ETF is down by 3.96% (less than the two times as stated by the fund objective). As a result, the performance of the fund and index can vary as we take longer periods for consideration.

Investors should also note that leveraged inverse ETFs involve a great deal of risk when compared to traditional ETFs. They are often more costly and can be less tax-efficient, as they can see capital gains through use of swaps and other derivatives instruments.

How to Play?

Still, the space remains incredibly popular for investors looking for high bang-for-your-buck ways to hedge in a short-time period. For these traders, there are more than 90 leveraged inverse funds in the space targeting different asset classes.

In this article, we take a look at the ten biggest and most popular ETFs for those investors who are new to the leveraged inverse technique (see more ETFs in the Zacks ETF Center). While these products might not necessarily be the best choices in their respective markets, these have become the popular vehicles in this sector.

A quick guide to these ETFs could provide investors a great assistance in choosing a heavily traded—and thus hopefully a tight bid ask spread product—for their portfolios for those out there who are looking for a high quality and potent hedge:  

ProShares UltraShort Barclays 20+ Year Treasury ETF (TBT)

This fund, launched in April 2008, was ProShares’ second inverse ETF offering in the long-term Treasury bond space (read: Long Term Treasury ETFs: Ultimate QE3 Play?). It seeks to deliver twice (2X or 200%) the inverse (opposite) of the daily performance of the Barclays 20+ Year Treasury Bond Index. With holdings of 19 securities, the index has lower default risk due to the inclusion of top rated - AAA bonds but higher interest rate risk given modified duration of 18.65 years. The effective maturity of the index currently stands at 27.85 years.

The products fall under the “high risk, high reward” category of financial instruments and investing in it involves daily portfolio tracking and thus is not suitable for all investors. Nevertheless, the product is extremely popular and has a whopping $3.00 billion in its asset base, and it sees an average volume of roughly three million shares a day with a cost of 93 bps a year.

ProShares UltraShort S&P 500 ETF (SDS)

Launched in July 2006, this fund seeks to deliver twice the inverse of the daily performance of the S&P 500 Index. With holdings of 500 securities, the fund has a certain tilt towards the technology sector with Apple Inc. (AAPL), Exxon Mobil (XOM) and General Electric (GE) as the top three firms (read: Three ETFs with the Most Apple Exposure). The product is largely concentrated in large cap firms with a 91% share, while the remainder goes to mid and small caps.

The ETF trades in volumes of about 8.1 million shares per day, suggesting that investors do not have to pay extra costs for this popular product beyond the expense ratio of 0.89%. It has attracted over $1.9 billion of assets but like many on this list, has seen a weak long term performance.

Direxion Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares (TZA)

This fund, launched by Direxion in November 2008, provides daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of three times the inverse of the performance of the Russell 2000 index. The underlying index, a subset of Russell 3000 index, measures the performance of the small-cap segment of the U.S. equity space and is widely spread across a number of sectors and securities (read: Guide to Small Cap Emerging Market ETFs).

The fund is popular with assets of $780 million under management. It charges 95 bps in fees per year and trades in high volumes of more than 19 million shares per day on average. Due to its 300% exposure, TZA is one of the worst performers in the leveraged equity space over the long haul, but the fund represents one of the best ways to access the small cap market from a bearish perspective while simultaneously using leverage.

ProShares UltraShort Euro (EUO)

Launched in November 2008, this ETF provides twice the inverse exposure, before fees and expenses, to the daily performance of the U.S. dollar price of the Euro. The product has gained immense popularity attracting about $700 million in assets this year, as the common currency in much of Europe has come increasingly under fire.

The fund charges annual fees of 95 bps from investors and trades in average daily volumes of more than one million shares per day. The ETF has done better than most on this list, losing about 2.9% in the YTD time frame.

Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3X Shares (FAZ)

This fund provides a bearish exposure to the financial sector. It seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of three times the inverse of the daily performance of the Russell 1000 Financial Services Index.

The underlying Index measures the performance of the financial services sector of the large cap U.S. equity market. The fund is skewed towards the insurance and banking sectors with Wells Fargo (WFC), Berkshire Hathaway and JP Morgan & Chase (JPM) as the top three securities in the portfolio.

The ETF trades in robust volumes of about 10 million shares per day, suggesting that investors do not have to pay extra costs for this popular product beyond the expense ratio of 0.95%. It has attracted over $640 million of assets and was launched in November 2008 (read: Does Your Portfolio Need a Financial ETF?).

Like its small cap leverage fund, Direxion’s FAZ is also one of the worst performers in the leveraged equity space this year, though it can be a potent product when financial markets are struggling.

ProShares UltraPro Short S&P 500 (SPXU)

This fund seeks to deliver three times the inverse of the daily performance of the S&P 500 Index. When compared to the ProShares two times exposure SDS, SPXU has similar holding patterns but is less popular, as it trades in average daily volumes of about 4.7 million shares.

The fund charges slightly higher fees of 95 bps per year. Launched in June 2009, the product has managed assets of $550 million making it a relatively popular product for those looking for a hedge against the S&P 500.

ProShares UltraShort QQQ (QID)

This fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of twice the inverse of the daily performance of the NASDAQ-100 Index, which targets the large cap segment of the U.S. equities market. The fund is heavily exposed towards the technology sector with Apple, Microsoft (MSFT) and Google (GOOG) as the top three holdings.

With AUM of $450 million, the fund is popular and liquid thanks to average daily volumes of about 4.6 million shares a day. The fund was launched in July 2006 and charges 95 bps in fees per year.

ProShares UltraShort Barclays 7-10 Year Treasury ETF (PST)

Another popular fund in the fixed income space is PST, launched in April 2008, targeting the mid-term Treasury bond space. This fund seeks to deliver twice the inverse of the daily performance of the Barclays 7-10 Year Treasury bond index.

With holdings of 20 securities, the index has lower default risk due to the inclusion of top rated (AAA) bonds and relatively lower interest rate risk given a modified duration of 7.73 years. The effective maturity of the index is currently 8.55 years.

Unlike the ProShares long-term Treasury bond ETF, the product trades in comparatively lower volumes of about 65,000 shares and has only $300 million of assets. The product has fared slightly better than its long-term counterpart, losing about 9.73% in the year (as of September 28).

ProShares UltraShort Dow 30 (DXD)

Launched in July 2006, this fund seeks to deliver twice the inverse of the daily performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, which is a price-weighted index of 30 blue-chip U.S. stocks. The product focuses on the large cap segment with the industrial sector at the top. International Business Machines (IBM), Chevron (CVX) and 3M Co. (MMM) take the top three spots in the basket. 

The fund so far has managed assets of $300 million with an average volume of more than 800,000 shares a day. Like many other products on the list, this one charges a fee of 0.95% per year (read: Three Industrial ETFs Outperforming XLI).

Direxion Daily 20-Year Treasury Bear 3X Shares ETF (TMV)

Launched in April 2009, this fund seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of thrice the inverse of the performance of the NYSE 20 Year Plus Treasury Bond Index. The underlying index is a multiple-security fixed income index that aims to track the total returns of the long-term 20 year T-Bond and overall greater maturity range of the U.S. Treasury bond market.

The fund is popular with assets of $300 million under management. It charges 95 bps in fees per year and trades in volumes of about 280,000 shares per day on average (read: 7 Bond ETFs Yielding More Than 10-Year Treasury Rates).

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PRO-ULSH DOW30 (DXD): ETF Research Reports
 
PRO-ULS EURO (EUO): ETF Research Reports
 
DIR-FIN BEAR 3X (FAZ): ETF Research Reports
 
PRO-ULS L7-10YT (PST): ETF Research Reports
 
PRO-ULSH QQQ (QID): ETF Research Reports
 
PRO-ULSH S&P500 (SDS): ETF Research Reports
 
PRO-ULT SH S&P5 (SPXU): ETF Research Reports
 
PRO-ULS L20+YRT (TBT): ETF Research Reports
 
DIR-D 20Y+T BR3 (TMV): ETF Research Reports
 
DIRX-SC BEAR 3X (TZA): ETF Research Reports
 
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