As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 25, 2023
Registration No. 333-274403
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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1040
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26-4413382
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(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
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(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
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350 Indiana Street, Suite 650
Golden, Colorado 80401
(303) 839-5060
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Julie Z. Weedman
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
350 Indiana Street, Suite 650
Golden, Colorado 80401
(303) 839-5060
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
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Brian Boonstra
Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP
1550 Seventeenth Street, Suite 500
Denver, Colorado 80202
(303) 892-7348
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Charles Phillips, Esq.
Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10105
(212) 370-1300
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of registration statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated filer
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Accelerated filer
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☐
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Non-accelerated filer
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☒
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Smaller reporting company
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☒
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Emerging growth company
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☐
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of these securities is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, Dated October 25, 2023
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
Up to 2,906,977 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 2,906,977 Series A Warrants to Purchase Up to 2,906,977 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 1,453,488 Series B Warrants to Purchase Up to 1,453,488 Shares of Common Stock
Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 2,906,977 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 4,360,465 Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Series A Warrants, the Series B Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants
We are offering up to 2,906,977 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, together with Series A warrants to purchase up to 2,906,977 shares of common stock and Series B warrants to purchase up to 1,453,488 shares of common stock, or the common warrants. Each share of our common stock, or a pre-funded warrant in lieu thereof, is being sold together with one Series A warrant, with each full Series A warrant exercisable to purchase one share of our common stock, and one-half Series B warrant, with each full Series B warrant exercisable to purchase one share of our common stock. The shares of common stock and common warrants are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering but must be purchased together in this offering. The assumed public offering price for each share of common stock and accompanying common warrants is $1.72, which was the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE American LLC (the “NYSE American”) on October 24, 2023. Each common warrant will have an exercise price per share of $ and will be immediately exercisable. The Series A warrants will expire on the five-year anniversary of the original issuance date. The Series B warrants will expire on the 18-month anniversary of the original issuance date. All share numbers presented in this prospectus have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-25 reverse stock split that we effected on June 9, 2023.
We are also offering to certain purchasers whose purchase of shares of common stock in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if any such purchaser so chooses, pre-funded warrants, in lieu of shares of common stock that would otherwise result in such purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock. The public offering price of each pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrants will be equal to the price at which one share of common stock and accompanying common warrants is sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.0001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will be $0.0001 per share. The pre-funded warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The pre-funded warrants and common warrants are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering but must be purchased together in this offering. For each pre-funded warrant we sell, the number of shares of common stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.
This offering will terminate on November 15, 2023 unless we decide to terminate the offering (which we may do at any time in our discretion) prior to that date. We will have one closing for all the securities purchased in this offering. The combined public offering price per share (or pre-funded warrant) and common warrants will be fixed for the duration of this offering.
Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American and on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol “AUMN.” The reported sale price for our common stock on October 24, 2023 was $1.72 per share on the NYSE American and Cdn$2.31 per share on the TSX. The public offering price per share of common stock and accompanying common warrant and per pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant will be determined between us and investors based on market conditions at the time of pricing and may be at a discount to the then current market price of our common stock. The recent market price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the actual offering price. The actual public offering price may be based upon a number of factors, including our history and our prospects, the industry in which we operate, our past and present operating results, the previous experience of our executive officers and the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering. There is no established public trading market for the pre-funded warrants and the common warrants and we do not expect a market to develop. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants and the common warrants will be limited. In addition, we do not intend to list the pre-funded warrants or the common warrants on the NYSE American, any other national securities exchange or any other trading system.
We have engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, or the placement agent, to act as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering. The placement agent has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to arrange for the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities we are offering and the placement agent is not required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number of securities or dollar amount. We have agreed to pay to the placement agent the placement agent fees set forth in the table below, which assumes that we sell all of the securities offered by this prospectus. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in escrow, trust or similar arrangement. There is no minimum offering requirement as a condition of closing of this offering. We will bear all costs associated with the offering. See “Plan of Distribution” on page 24 of this prospectus for more information regarding these arrangements.
Investing in our common stock involves significant risks. Before buying shares of our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
No shares of common stock distributed under this prospectus will be offered or sold in Canada, including through the TSX or any other trading market in Canada. See “Plan of Distribution” on page 24 of this prospectus and “Restrictions on Resale for Residents of Canada” on page 31 of this prospectus.
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Per Share and
Common Warrant
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Per Pre-Funded Warrant
and Common Warrant
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Total
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Public offering price
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Placement agent fees(1)
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Proceeds to us, before expenses
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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(1)
We have agreed to pay the placement agent a cash fee equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds raised in this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse the placement agent for certain of its offering-related expenses, including reimbursement for legal fees and expenses in the amount of up to $125,000, and for its clearing expenses in the amount of up to $15,950. For a description of the compensation to be received by the placement agent, see “Plan of Distribution” on page 24 for more information.
Delivery of the securities to the purchasers is expected on or about , 2023, subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions.
H.C. Wainwright & Co.
The date of this prospectus is , 2023.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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35
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information other than the information that we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and your reliance on any unauthorized information or representation is at your own risk. This prospectus may be used only in jurisdictions where offers and sales of these securities are permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, or any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may have changed since those dates.
The information appearing in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering is accurate only as of its respective date, regardless of the time of delivery of the respective document or of any sale of securities covered by this prospectus. You should not assume that the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, is accurate as of any date other than the respective dates thereof.
We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.
To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) before the date of this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus. If any statement in a document incorporated by reference is inconsistent with a statement in another document incorporated by reference having a later date, the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.
Neither we nor the placement agent have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus and any free writing prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus and any free writing prospectus applicable to that jurisdiction. Purchasers of shares of common stock are advised that none of the shares of common stock will be qualified for distribution in any jurisdiction of Canada and may not be traded through the facilities of TSX or any other Canadian stock exchange, or otherwise in a jurisdiction of Canada. By purchasing shares of common stock hereunder, each purchaser thereof will be deemed to have represented and warranted to the Company that such purchaser (i) is acquiring the securities solely for its own account and beneficial interest for investment purposes, and not for sale or with a view to distribution in Canada, and (ii) has no present intention of selling the securities through the facilities of the TSX or any other Canadian stock exchange, or otherwise in a jurisdiction of Canada, and does not presently have any reason to expect a change in such intention.
As used in this prospectus, the terms “Golden Minerals,” the “Company,” “our,” “we,” or “us” refer to Golden Minerals Company, including its subsidiaries and predecessors, except where it is clear that the term refers only to Golden Minerals Company.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements and forward-looking information (collectively, “forward-looking statements”) within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other applicable securities laws. We use the words “anticipate,” “continue,” “likely,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “could,” “will,” “project,” “should,” “believe” and similar expressions (including negative and grammatical variations) to identify forward-looking statements. These statements include comments relating to (i) our anticipated near-term capital needs, potential sources of capital, and possibility of needing to wind-up the Company’s business if capital is not obtained; (ii) our plans for restart of mining activities at Velardeña, including our expectations regarding future commodity prices and concentrate sales terms, the results of our internal cash flow forecast, and our expectation regarding the timing for restart; (iii) our plans regarding further advancement of the El Quevar project and reimbursements paid by Barrick under the Earn-in Agreement, to fund the El Quevar project; (iv) information regarding the Yoquivo property, including the estimates included in our initial mineral resource study, our future evaluation and drilling plans, information gained from drilling activities, and exploration activities; (v) our plans to defend against claims by Unifin and a potential settlement agreement between Minera William and Unifin; (vi) expectations pertaining to the recovery of VAT refunds from the Mexican government; (vii) projected revenue and spending for the twelve months ending June 30, 2024; and (viii) statements concerning our financial condition, business strategies and business and legal risks our financial outlook for 2023, including anticipated expenditures and cash inflows during the year. Although we believe the expectations and assumptions reflected in those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that these expectations and assumptions will prove to be correct.
Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements as a result of the factors described under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10 in this prospectus and other factors set forth in this prospectus, including:
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The Company’s expected near-term cash needs, including the need to raise additional cash in the near-term to avoid depletion of the Company’s cash balance in the fourth quarter of 2023 and whether we are able to raise the necessary capital required to continue our business on terms acceptable to us or at all;
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Our plan to restart mining operations at the Velardeña Properties, including the potential timing of restart, production expectations, required capital to restart and ramp-up operations, potential plant processing rate, projected payable gold and silver production, operating costs, net operating margin and projected cash flow;
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Higher than anticipated care and maintenance costs at the Velardeña Properties in Mexico or at El Quevar in Argentina;
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Plans regarding further advancement of the El Quevar project, including reimbursements paid by Barrick under the Earn-in Agreement to fund the El Quevar project;
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Decreases in silver and gold prices;
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Risks related to our exploration properties, including unfavorable results from exploration and whether we will be able to advance our exploration properties;
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Variations in the nature, quality and quantity of any mineral deposits that are or may be located at the Velardeña Properties or our exploration properties, changes in interpretations of geological information, and unfavorable results of metallurgical and other tests, and the timing and scope of our further evaluation activities at the Velardeña Properties;
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Whether we will be able to continue or begin to mine and sell minerals successfully or profitably at any of our current properties at current or future silver and gold prices and achieve our objective of becoming a mid-tier mining company;
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Potential delays in our exploration activities or other activities to advance properties towards mining resulting from environmental consents or permitting delays or problems, accidents, problems with contractors, disputes under agreements related to exploration properties, unanticipated costs and other unexpected events;
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Our ability to retain key management and mining personnel necessary to successfully operate and grow our business;
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Economic and political events negatively affecting the market prices for gold, silver, zinc, lead and other minerals that may be found on our exploration properties;
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Political and economic instability in Argentina, Mexico and other countries in which we conduct our business, and future actions of any of these governments with respect to nationalization of natural resources or other changes in mining or taxation policies;
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Our ability to acquire additional concessions in Mexico based on the economic and environmental policies of Mexico’s current or future governmental authorities;
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Volatility in the market price of our common stock; and
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The factors set forth in “Risk Factors” on page 10 of this prospectus or incorporated by reference from our other filings.
These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific factors that could affect us. We may note additional factors elsewhere in this prospectus and in any documents incorporated by reference herein. Many of these factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such expectations may prove to be materially incorrect due to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. You should not unduly rely on any of our forward-looking statements or information. These statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements and information attributable to us and persons acting on our behalf are qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this section and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such expectations may prove to be materially incorrect due to known and unknown risks and uncertainties.
All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances.
CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION
Unless otherwise indicated, all references to “$” or “dollars” in this prospectus refer to United States dollars. References to “Cdn$” in this prospectus refer to Canadian dollars.
The indicative rate of exchange on October 24, 2023, as reported by the Bank of Canada for the conversion of Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars, was Cdn$1.00 equals $0.7283 and, for the conversion of U.S. dollars to Canadian dollars, was $1.00 equals Cdn$1.3731.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our securities. You should read the entire prospectus carefully before making an investment in our securities. You should carefully consider, among other things, our financial statements and the related notes and the sections entitled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus.
Our Company
We are a mining company holding a 100% interest in the Rodeo property in Durango State, Mexico (the “Rodeo Property”), a 100% interest in the Velardeña and Chicago gold-silver mining properties and associated oxide and sulfide processing plants in the state of Durango, Mexico (the “Velardeña Properties”), a 100% interest in the El Quevar advanced exploration silver property in the province of Salta, Argentina (the “El Quevar Property”) (subject to the terms of the April 9, 2020 earn-in agreement (the “Earn-In Agreement”) pursuant to which Barrick Gold Corporation (“Barrick”) has the option to earn a 70% interest in the El Quevar Project), and a diversified portfolio of precious metals and other mineral exploration properties located primarily in or near historical precious metals producing regions of Argentina, Nevada and Mexico. The Rodeo Property, the Velardeña Properties, the El Quevar Property and the Yoquivo Property are the only properties that the Company considers material at this time.
We are primarily focused on the proposed restart of mining activities at our Velardeña Properties. We are also focused on exploration activities at the Yoquivo Property and on advancing our El Quevar exploration property in Argentina through the Earn-in Agreement with Barrick and continuing to evaluate and search for mining opportunities in North America with near term prospects of mining, and particularly for properties within reasonable haulage distances of our processing plants at the Velardeña Properties. We are also reviewing strategic opportunities, focusing primarily on development or operating properties in North America.
We are considered an exploration stage company under the criteria set forth by the SEC under S-K 1300 since we have not yet demonstrated the existence of mineral reserves at any of our properties. Under S-K 1300, the SEC defines a “mineral reserve” as “an estimate of tonnage and grade or quality of indicated and measured mineral resources that, in the opinion of the qualified person, can be the basis of an economically viable project.” To have mineral resources, there must be reasonable prospects for economic extraction. Per the SEC, “probable mineral reserves” are the economically mineable part of an indicated and, in some cases, a measured mineral resource and “proven mineral reserves” can only result from measured mineral resources. Mineral reserves cannot be considered proven or probable unless and until they are supported by a preliminary feasibility study or feasibility study, indicating that the mineral reserves have had the requisite geologic, technical and economic work performed and are economically and legally extractable.
We have not completed a preliminary feasibility study or feasibility study with regard to any of our properties to date. We expect to remain an exploration stage company for the foreseeable future. We will not exit the exploration stage until such time, if ever, that we demonstrate the existence of proven or probable mineral reserves that meet the guidelines under S-K 1300.
Corporate Information
Our management team is comprised of experienced mining professionals with extensive expertise in mineral exploration, mine construction and development, and mine operations. Our principal office is located in Golden, Colorado at 350 Indiana Street, Suite 650, Golden, CO 80401, and our registered office is the Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801. We also maintain an office at the Velardeña Properties in Mexico and exploration offices in Argentina and Mexico. We maintain a website at www.goldenminerals.com, which contains information about us. Our website and the information contained in and connected to it are not a part of this prospectus nor are they incorporated by reference herein.
Recent Developments
Going Concern and Liquidity Update
Our management has concluded that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the date of this prospectus. At September 30, 2023, we had current assets of approximately $6.2 million, including cash and cash equivalents of approximately $1.6 million. On the same date, we had accounts payable and other current liabilities of approximately $5.3 million.
We do not expect that the net proceeds from this offering will be sufficient, by itself, to allow us to continue as a going concern for one year from the date of this prospectus. We will require further sources of capital. In order to commence and maintain production at Velardeña, we expect that we will need approximately $3 to $3.5 million in capital inflows over the first five months of production. In addition, in order to satisfy the Company’s projected general, administrative, exploration and other expenses through September 30, 2024 we will need approximately $4 to $5 million in capital inflows. Assuming that we are successful in restarting production and that we meet our production objectives at the Velardeña Properties, cash flow from Velardeña is expected to be positive by the end of the second quarter of 2024. These additional capital inflows may take the form of asset sales (as the ones described below), equity financing activities (including this offering), debt financing, production-based financing (such as streaming or royalty financing), collection of our outstanding VAT receivable, or otherwise.
We have announced the execution of a binding letter of intent for the sale of our Santa Maria property for a total consideration consisting of (i) initial cash proceeds of $1.5 million (plus an additional $240,000 in VAT payment that we can retain) and (2) a 1.5% net smelter return royalty on the Santa Maria concession up to a cap of $1 million (which may be purchased by the potential buyer from us for $500,000 at any time prior to the commencement of commercial production on the Santa Maria property). However, if that transaction is consummated, the funds would likely not be received until November 2023 or later.
As of September 30, 2023, we had value-added tax (“VAT”) receivable in Mexico of approximately $3.1 million. Although we believe it is likely we will receive some material portion of this receivable early in the first quarter of 2024, there is no certainty as to the timing and amount of such payment.
Updated Technical Report Summary for the Velardeña Properties
In August 2023, we announced the completion of an updated Technical Report Summary (“2023 Technical Report”) for the Velardeña Properties. The 2023 Technical Report is an update of the previous Preliminary Economic Assessment dated March 1, 2022 (the “2022 Technical Report”). The 2023 Technical Report incorporates additional information developed by us since the 2022 Technical Report, including updated pricing and concentrate sales terms, and the exclusion of a bio-oxidation plant that was formerly contemplated.
Mineral Resource Estimate
Estimated mineral resources for the Velardeña project are shown below. The resource is reported by mineral type and resource class for all veins.
Velardeña Project — Summary of Sulfide Mineral Resources at June 1, 2023
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Classification
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Mineral
Type
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NSR
Cutoff
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Tonnes
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Grade
Ag g/t
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Grade
Au g/t
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Grade
Pb%
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Grade
Zn%
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Ag oz
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Au oz
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Pb lb
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Zn lb
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Measured
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Sulfide |
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195 |
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203,200 |
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402 |
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6.02 |
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1.71 |
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2.08 |
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2,625,900 |
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39,300 |
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7,680,000 |
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9,306,300 |
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Indicated
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Sulfide |
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195 |
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462,700 |
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402 |
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5.32 |
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|
|
|
|
1.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
2.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,983,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
79,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
17,090,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
21,173,100 |
|
|
|
Measured + Indicated
|
|
|
|
|
Sulfide |
|
|
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
665,900 |
|
|
|
|
|
402 |
|
|
|
|
|
5.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
1.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
2.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
8,608,900 |
|
|
|
|
|
118,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
24,770,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
30,479,400 |
|
|
|
Inferred
|
|
|
|
|
Sulfide |
|
|
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,059,900 |
|
|
|
|
|
413 |
|
|
|
|
|
5.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
1.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
2.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
14,067,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
173,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
42,294,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
52,697,800 |
|
|
Notes:
(1)
Resources are reported as diluted tonnes and grade to 0.7 m fixed width.
(2)
Metal prices for NSR cutoff are: $22.71/oz-Ag, $1,826/oz-Au, $1.02/lb-Pb, and $1.31/lb-Zn.
(3)
Columns may not total due to rounding.
Restart of Mining Activities at the Velardeña Properties
In early 2023, the terms for the sale of our gold-rich pyrite concentrates improved significantly over previously available terms. We believe that the recently improved terms allow us to consider re-opening the Velardeña Properties’ mines without the bio-oxidation (BIOX™) plant design. (BIOX is a trademark of Metso-Outotec Oyj for its proprietary bio-oxidation process.) We have taken preliminary steps to restart mining activities at the Velardeña Properties, with full commencement of restart activities subject to receipt of additional capital. If we are able to obtain sufficient capital to restart mining at the Velardeña Properties, mining activities could commence as soon as November 2023.
Through the end of 2024, we are estimating that we will process 107,000 to 127,000 tonnes in the sulfide plant, or approximately 260 to 300 tonnes per day, with payable extraction from the Velardeña Properties of approximately 9,000 to 11,000 ounces of gold and 600,000 to 800,000 ounces of silver. Grades of mined material are estimated to be approximately 4.2 grams per tonne for gold and 220 grams per tonne for silver. Payable net smelter recoveries are expected be approximately 64% for gold and 81% silver. We are projecting cash costs per payable silver ounce, net of gold by-product credits to be approximately $13.00 for the period. Using an assumed gold price of $1,900/oz and an assumed silver price of $22.50/oz (which we believe are conservative near-term estimates based on current market prices), our internal financial model estimates net operating margin from the Velardeña Properties (defined as revenue from the sale of metals less the cost of metals sold) at approximately negative $1.0 million to positive $1.5 million for the period from November 2023 through the end of 2024.
We have not established mineral reserves as defined under S-K 1300 at the Velardeña Properties. As a result, there is increased uncertainty and risk that may result in economic or technical failure which may adversely impact our future profitability. In making the decision to restart mining activities, we made certain assumptions regarding operating and capital costs and project economic returns. Our estimates are based upon, among other things, (i) anticipated tonnage, grades and metallurgical characteristics of the ore to be mined and processed; (ii) anticipated recovery rates of gold, silver and other metals from the ore; (iii) cash operating costs of comparable facilities and equipment; and (iv) anticipated operating conditions. Actual cash operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those anticipated by our studies and estimates.
NYSE Listing Compliance
On June 6, 2023, we received written notification (the “Notice”) from the NYSE American that we are not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the NYSE American Company Guide (the “Company Guide”). We are required to report stockholders’ equity of $6.0 million or more because we have reported losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in our five most recent fiscal years. We reported stockholders’ equity of $4.1 million as of March 31, 2023, and $5.6 million as of June 30, 2023, and losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in each of our five most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2022. As a result, we became subject to the procedures and requirements of Section 1009 of the Company Guide and were required to submit a plan of compliance by July 6, 2023, addressing how we intend to regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the Company Guide by December 6, 2024. We timely submitted a plan of compliance to the NYSE American.
On August 22, 2023, we received notice from the NYSE American that it has accepted our plan of compliance and granted a plan period until December 6, 2024, in order to regain compliance. Our progress toward regaining compliance is subject to periodic review by the NYSE American, including quarterly monitoring for compliance with the initiatives outlined in the plan of compliance.
The Notice has no immediate effect on our common stock or our business operations. Our common stock will continue to be listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “AUMN” while we regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the Company Guide, subject to our compliance with other continued listing requirements.
Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement Transaction
On June 26, 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor (the “Purchase Agreement”) whereby we issued and sold in a registered direct offering (i) an aggregate of 790,000 shares of the common stock at a purchase price of $1.45 per share and (ii) pre-funded warrants exercisable for up to 637,587 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.4499 per pre-funded warrant. Each pre-funded warrant is exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. The offer and sale of the shares and pre-funded warrants pursuant to the Purchase Agreement was made under our effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-249218), which was declared effective by the SEC on October 14, 2020, and the related prospectus supplement dated June 28, 2023.
Further, under the Purchase Agreement in a concurrent private placement, we issued and sold warrants to purchase up to 1,427,587 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.90. Each warrant is exercisable six months from the date of issuance and has a term expiring five years after such initial exercise date. The aggregate gross proceeds from the offering and concurrent private placement was approximately $2.1 million.
Legal Proceedings
During April 2021, we became aware of a lawsuit in Mexico against one of the Company’s Mexican subsidiaries, Minera William, S.A. de C.V. (“Minera William”). The plaintiff in the matter is Unifin Financiera, S.A.B de C.V. (“Unifin”). The lawsuit was assigned to the Fifth Specialized Commercial District Court. In November 2022, the Company was formally served with the complaint in connection with the lawsuit and in December 2022 the Company filed its answer to the complaint. Unifin is alleging that a representative of Minera William signed certain documents in July 2011 purporting to bind Minera William as a guarantor of payment obligations owed by a third party to Unifin in connection with that third party’s acquisition of certain drilling equipment. At the time, the documentation was allegedly signed, Minera William was a subsidiary of ECU Silver Mining prior to the Company’s acquisition of ECU in September 2011. As a preemptive measure, Unifin has obtained a preliminary court order freezing Minera William’s bank accounts in Mexico, which has limited the Company’s and Minera William’s ability to access approximately US$153,000 according to current currency exchange rates. Notwithstanding this action, the restrictions imposed on Minera William’s bank accounts do not impact the Company’s ability to operate the Rodeo mine, which is held through a different Mexico subsidiary. Likewise, the action does not impact the Company’s ability to continue with the Company’s evaluation plans for a potential Velardeña mine restart or move forward with any of the Company’s other exploration programs in Mexico. However, because the Velardeña mine and processing plants are held by Minera William, any adverse outcome to the action may have a material impact on our ability to restart production at Velardeña. Unifin is seeking recovery for as much as US$12.5 million. The Company believes there is no basis for this claim. As such, the Company has not accrued an amount for this matter in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets or Statements of Operations as of June 30, 2023. A preliminary hearing was initially scheduled to take place in April 2023 but was rescheduled to June 2023. That hearing was subsequently postponed to permit the parties to continue settlement discussions. There have been limited settlement discussions and no definitive settlement terms agreed to date.
SUMMARY OF THE OFFERING
The following is a brief summary of certain terms of this offering and is not intended to be complete. It does not contain all of the information that will be important to investors with regard to our securities. For a more complete description of our common stock, see the section titled “Description of Capital Stock” on page 18 in this prospectus.
Securities being offered by us:
Up to 2,906,977 shares of common stock, Series A warrants to purchase up to 2,906,977 shares of common stock, Series B warrants to purchase up to 1,453,488 shares of common stock, or pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of common stock and Series A and Series B warrants to purchase shares of common stock. The shares of common stock or pre-funded warrants, respectively, and common warrants are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering but must initially be purchased together in this offering. Each common warrant has an exercise price of $ per share of common stock and is immediately exercisable. The Series A warrants will expire five years from the date of issuance. The Series B warrants will expire 18 months from the date of issuance. See “Description of Capital Stock” on page 18. We are also registering shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants and the common warrants pursuant to this prospectus.
Common warrants being offered by us in this offering:
Each common warrant will have an exercise price of $ per share, will be exercisable upon issuance. The Series A warrants will expire five years from the date of issuance. The Series B warrants will expire 18 months from the date of issuance.
Pre-funded warrants being offered by us in this
offering:
We are offering to each purchaser whose purchase of shares in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if the purchaser so chooses, pre-funded warrants (each pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of our common stock) in lieu of shares that would otherwise result in the purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding common stock (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%). The purchase price of each pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant will equal the price at which one share of common stock and accompanying warrant are being sold to the public in this offering, minus $0.0001, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant will be $0.0001 per share. The pre-funded warrants will be exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. For each pre-funded warrant we sell, the number of shares of common stock we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.
This offering will terminate on November 15, 2023 unless we decide to terminate the offering (which we may do at any time in our discretion) prior to that date.
Common stock outstanding prior to this offering:
8,573,252 shares of common stock outstanding.
Common stock outstanding after this offering:
11,480,229 shares, assuming no sale of pre-funded warrants, which, if sold, would reduce the number of shares of common stock that we are offering on a one-for-one basis, and no exercise of the common warrants issued in this offering.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital requirements and general corporate purposes, including for the restart of mining activities at the Velardeña Properties. The Company may use some of the proceeds from the offering to settle a lawsuit with Unifin Financiera, S.A.B de C.V., which was previously disclosed in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023, filed with the SEC on August 9, 2023, should such a settlement be reached. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 13 in this prospectus.
Market for our common
stock:
Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American and the TSX under the symbol “AUMN.”
Investing in our common stock involves significant risks. Please read the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus and contained under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10.
Restrictions on Resale to Residents in Canada:
No shares of common stock distributed under this prospectus will be offered or sold in Canada, including through the TSX or any other trading market in Canada. See “Plan of Distribution” on page 24 of this prospectus and see “Restrictions on Resale for Residents of Canada” on page 31 of this prospectus for information regarding restrictions on resale to residents of Canada.
Unless otherwise stated, all information contained in this prospectus assumes no sale of any pre-funded warrants in lieu of common stock in this offering and gives effect to the 1-for-25 reverse stock split of our common stock that was effected on June 9, 2023.
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 8,573,252 shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2023.
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering excludes, in each case as of September 30, 2023, the following reserved shares:
•
232,409 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan in exchange for restricted stock units issued to our non-employee directors under the terms of our Non-Employee Directors Deferred Compensation and Equity Award Plan;
•
168,000 shares of common stock that can be acquired under outstanding KELTIP units; and
•
1,819,742 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $3.19 per share.
RISK FACTORS
A purchase of our securities involves a high degree of risk, including the risks described below. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risk factors set forth below, as well as all other information contained in this prospectus and incorporated by reference, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the risks described under “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q as filed with the SEC, and any free-writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. Those risks and uncertainties are not the only risks and uncertainties we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer. The trading price of shares of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to this Offering
We need to raise capital in this offering to support our operations. If we are unable to raise capital in this offering, our financial position will be materially adversely impacted.
We believe that current cash on hand, prior to the receipt of any proceeds from this offering, is not sufficient to fund operations beyond the fourth quarter of 2023. In order to commence and maintain production at the Velardeña Properties, we anticipate that we require approximately $3 to $3.5 million of capital inflows over the first five months of production. In addition, in order to satisfy the Company’s projected general, administrative, exploration and other expenses through September 30, 2024 we will need approximately $4 to $5 million in capital inflows. If we receive the estimated net proceeds in this offering, and if we raise the additional capital described above through other financing activities, asset sales, collection of VAT receivable or otherwise, we believe that we will have sufficient capital to restart production at the Velardeña Properties and meet our capital needs through the end of December 2024.
In addition, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 contains explanatory language that we have stated that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern. We have no additional committed sources of capital and may find it difficult to raise money on terms favorable to us or at all. The failure to obtain sufficient capital to support our operations would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If such sufficient financing is not received timely, we would then need to pursue a plan to seek to be acquired by another entity or cease operations and wind-up our activities.
Purchasers who purchase our securities in this offering pursuant to a securities purchase agreement may have rights not available to purchasers that purchase without the benefit of a securities purchase agreement.
In addition to rights and remedies available to all purchasers in this offering under federal securities and state law, the purchasers that enter into a securities purchase agreement will also be able to bring claims of breach of contract against us. The ability to pursue a claim for breach of contract provides those investors with the means to enforce the covenants uniquely available to them under the securities purchase agreement including: (i) timely delivery of shares; (ii) agreement to not enter into variable rate financings for one year from closing, subject to certain exceptions; (iii) agreement to not enter into any equity financings for 60 days from closing, subject to certain exceptions; and (iv) indemnification for breach of contract.
This is a “best efforts” offering, no minimum amount of securities is required to be sold, and we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our business plans, including our near-term business plans.
The placement agent has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the securities in this offering. The placement agent has no obligation to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities. There is no required minimum number of securities that must be sold as a condition to completion of this offering. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, placement agent fees and proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth herein. We may sell fewer than all of the securities offered hereby,
which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell an amount of securities sufficient to support our continued operations, including our near-term continued operations. Thus, we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our operations in the short-term and may need to raise additional funds to complete such short-term operations. Such additional fundraises may not be available or available on terms acceptable to us.
Our stockholders may suffer additional dilution to their equity and voting interests as a result of future financing transactions.
We could require additional funding to support our business, including for general and administrative costs and other working capital needs to fund our continuing business activities as currently conducted. Although we are evaluating various alternatives, including debt financing and production-based financing such as streaming and royalty financing, it is likely that we will need to seek additional equity financing in the future. If we were to engage in any type of equity financing in the future, the current ownership interest of our stockholders would be diluted.
Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering, and we may not use these proceeds effectively.
We currently intend to allocate the net proceeds we will receive from the offering as described under “Use of Proceeds” on page 13 of this prospectus. However, management will have considerable discretion in the actual application of the net proceeds, and we may elect to allocate proceeds differently from that described under “Use of Proceeds” on page 13 of this prospectus if we believe it would be in our best interests to do so. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could have an adverse effect on our business and cause the price of our common stock to decline.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated and could fluctuate substantially in the future. This volatility may subject our stock price to material fluctuations due to the factors in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference, and other factors including market reaction to the estimated fair value of our portfolio; rumors or dissemination of false information; changes in coverage or earnings estimates by analysts; our ability to meet analysts’ or market expectations; and sales of common stock by existing stockholders.
You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the common stock you purchase in the offering.
The offering price per share in this offering may exceed the net tangible book value per share of our common stock outstanding prior to this offering. After giving effect to the sale of our common stock in the maximum aggregate offering amount of $5.0 million at an assumed offering price of $1.72 per share (the reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE American on October 24, 2023), and after deducting estimated offering commissions and expenses payable by us, you would suffer immediate decrease of $0.78 per share in the net tangible book value of the common stock compared to the book value of the common stock as of June 30, 2023. The exercise of outstanding stock options or warrants could result in further dilution of your investment. See the section below entitled “Dilution” on page 14 for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you may incur if you participate in this offering.
The exercise of outstanding common stock purchase warrants will have a dilutive effect on the percentage ownership of our capital stock by existing stockholders.
As of September 30, 2023, we had outstanding warrants to acquire 1,819,742 shares of our common stock, not including the pre-funded warrants that were issued in our June 2023 registered direct offering. All of our outstanding warrants have exercise prices above our common stock’s recent trading prices, but in certain
circumstances the holders have the right to effect a cashless exercise of such warrants. If a significant number of such warrants are exercised by the holders, the percentage of our common stock owned by our existing stockholders will be diluted.
There is no public market for the common warrants or pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of our common stock being offered by us in this offering.
There is no established public trading market for the common warrants or pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of our common stock that are being offered as part of this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the common warrants or pre-funded warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system, including the NYSE American. Without an active market, the liquidity of the common warrants and pre-funded warrants will be limited.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered under this prospectus, after deducting placement agent’s fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us will be approximately $4.5 million (based on an assumed public offering price per share of $1.72 per share and accompanying common warrant, which was the reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE American on October 24, 2023). We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, after deducting the placement agent’s commission and our offering expenses, for working capital requirements and general corporate purposes, including for the restart of mining activities at the Velardeña Properties.
However, because this is a “best efforts” offering and there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, the placement agent’s fees and net proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
This expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. We cannot currently allocate specific percentages of the net proceeds to us from this offering that we may use for the purposes specified above. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Our stockholders may not agree with the way our management chooses to allocate and spend the net proceeds. Moreover, our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not result in our being profitable or increase our market value.
The timing and amount of our actual expenditures will be based on many factors, including cash flows from operations, the anticipated growth of our business, and the other factors described under “Risk Factors” on page 10. Accordingly, our management will have flexibility in applying the net proceeds from this offering. An investor will not have the opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial or other information on which we base our decisions on how to use the proceeds.
DILUTION
Purchasers of common stock offered by this prospectus may experience immediate dilution in the net tangible book value of their common stock from the price paid in the offering. The net tangible book value of our common stock as of June 30, 2023, was approximately $5,607,881, or $0.71 per share. Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing our total tangible assets, less total liabilities, by the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023.
Dilution per share represents the difference between the public offering price per share of common stock and the adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock after giving effect to this offering. After giving effect to the assumed sale of 2,906,977 shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $1.72 per share of common stock, based on the reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE American on October 24, 2023, and assuming no sale of any pre-funded warrants in this offering and after deducting estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, the adjusted net tangible book value of our common stock as of June 30, 2023 would have been approximately $10,157,881, or approximately $0.94 per share. The change represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of common stock of $0.23 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate decrease of $0.78 per share to new investors purchasing the common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
| |
Assumed public offering price per common share
|
|
|
|
$ |
1.72 |
|
|
| |
Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2023
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.71 |
|
|
| |
Increase per share attributable to this offering
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.23 |
|
|
| |
Adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2023
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.94 |
|
|
| |
Dilution per share attributable to this offering
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.78 |
|
|
Each $0.10 decrease in the assumed public offering price per share of common stock and accompanying warrant of $1.72, the reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE American on October 24, 2023, would decrease the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $0.28 million, assuming that the number of shares of common stock and accompanying warrants offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, assuming no sale of any pre-funded warrants, after deducting the estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the warrants issued pursuant to this offering. We may also decrease the number of shares of common stock and accompanying warrant offered in this offering. Each decrease of 1,000,000 shares of common stock and accompanying warrants offered by us would decrease the net proceeds to us by approximately $1.6 million, assuming the assumed public offering price per share of common stock and accompanying warrant of $1.72 remains the same, assuming no sale of any pre-funded warrants and after deducting the estimated placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the warrants issued pursuant to this offering. The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering as determined between us and the placement agent at pricing.
The foregoing calculations are based on 7,935,665 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and excludes:
•
232,409 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan in exchange for restricted stock units issued to our non-employee directors under the terms of our Non-Employee Directors Deferred Compensation and Equity Award Plan;
•
168,000 shares of common stock that can be acquired under outstanding KELTIP units; and
•
1,819,742 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $3.19 per share.
Except as indicated otherwise, the discussion and table above assume (i) no sale of pre-funded warrants, which, if sold, would reduce the number of shares of common stock that we are offering on a one-for-one basis, and (ii) no exercise of the warrants being sold in this offering.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. We may retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and has no current plans to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of the Board and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Board may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table contains information about the beneficial ownership (unless otherwise indicated) of our common stock as of September 30, 2023 by:
•
each person known by us to beneficially hold 5% or more of our outstanding common stock,
•
each of our directors,
•
each of our named executive officers, and
•
all of our executive officers and directors as a group.
All information is taken from or based upon ownership filings made by such persons with the SEC or upon information provided by such persons to us. Except as otherwise noted, we believe that all of the persons and groups shown below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the common stock indicated.
|
Directors, Executive Officers and 5% Stockholders of Golden Minerals(1)
|
|
|
Beneficial Ownership
as of September 30, 2023(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Percentage(3)
|
|
|
Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd(4)
|
|
|
|
|
2,113,857 |
|
|
|
|
|
21% |
|
|
|
The Sentient Group(5)
|
|
|
|
|
1,506,027 |
|
|
|
|
|
18% |
|
|
|
Warren M. Rehn(6)
|
|
|
|
|
210,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2% |
|
|
|
Jeffrey G. Clevenger(7)
|
|
|
|
|
56,108 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
W. Durand Eppler(8)
|
|
|
|
|
33,213 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
David H. Watkins(9)
|
|
|
|
|
29,893 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
Terry M. Palmer(10)
|
|
|
|
|
29,813 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
Kevin R. Morano(11)
|
|
|
|
|
29,773 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
Julie Z. Weedman(12)
|
|
|
|
|
13,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
Deborah J. Friedman(13)
|
|
|
|
|
8,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
Pablo Castanos
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
Directors and Executive Officers as a group (9 persons)(14)
|
|
|
|
|
410,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
5% |
|
|
*
The percentage of common stock beneficially owned is less than 1%.
(1)
The address of these persons, unless otherwise noted, is c/o Golden Minerals Company, 350 Indiana Street, Suite 650, Golden, Colorado 80401.
(2)
For each holder that holds restricted stock, options, restricted stock units, warrants or other securities that are currently vested or exercisable or that vest or become exercisable within 60 days of September 30, 2023, we treat the common stock underlying those securities as owned by that holder and as outstanding shares when we calculate that holder’s percentage ownership of our common stock. We do not treat that common stock as outstanding when we calculate the percentage ownership of any other holder.
(3)
Based on 8,573,252 outstanding shares of our common stock as of September 30, 2023.
(4)
Represents (i) 686,000 shares of our common stock issued to Armistice on June 28, 2023 pursuant to the Purchase Agreement; (ii) 1,427,287 shares of our common stock to be issued to Armistice upon exercise of the private placement warrants pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The securities are directly held by Armistice and may be deemed to be beneficially owned by: (i) Armistice Capital, LLC (“Armistice Capital”), as the investment manager of Armistice; and (ii) Steven Boyd, as the Managing Member of Armistice Capital. The warrants are subject to a beneficial ownership limitation of 4.99%, which such limitation restricts the Armistice from exercising that portion of the warrants that would result in a selling stockholder and its affiliates owning, after exercise, a number of shares of common stock in excess of the beneficial ownership limitation. The address for Armistice is c/o Armistice Capital, LLC, 510 Madison Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022.
(5)
Based on a Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021 by Sentient Global Resources Fund III, L.P. (“Fund III”), SGRF III Parallel I, L.P. (“Parallel I”), Sentient Executive GP III, Limited (“Sentient Executive III”), Sentient GP III, L.P. (“GP III”), Sentient GP IV, L.P. (“GP IV”), Sentient Global Resources Fund IV, L.P. (“Fund IV”), and Sentient Executive GP IV, Limited (“Sentient Executive IV”) The foregoing are collectively referred to in the table as “Sentient”. Fund III and Parallel I are both Cayman Islands limited partnerships, as adjusted for our one-for-25 reverse stock split that became effective June 9, 2023. On December 14, 2020, Parallel I combined with Fund III and as a result, is no longer a separate reporting person. Fund III, together with Parallel I, beneficially now owns zero shares of our common stock, respectively. The sole general partner of each is GP III, which is a Cayman Islands limited partnership. The sole general partner of GP III is Sentient Executive III, which is a Cayman Islands exempted company. Fund IV is a Cayman Islands limited partnership and owns 37,650,684 shares of our common stock. The sole general partner of Fund IV is GP IV, which is a Cayman Islands limited partnership. The sole general partner of GP IV is Sentient Executive IV, which is a Cayman Islands exempted company. Greg Link, Peter Weidmann, Andrew Pullar and Mike de Leeuw are the directors of Sentient Executive III. Greg Link, Peter Weidmann, Andrew Pullar, Mike de Leeuw and Pieter Britz are the directors of Sentient Executive IV. These directors collectively have voting and dispositive power over the Company’s shares held by Sentient upon the unanimous vote of all such directors. The address of the principal offices of the reporting persons (Fund III, Parallel I, Sentient Executive III, GP III, GP IV, Fund IV, and Sentient Executive IV) is: Landmark Square, 1st Floor, 64 Earth Close, West Bay Beach South, P.O. Box 10795, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-1007, Cayman Islands.
(6)
Consists of 20,000 shares of common stock held directly; 40,000 restricted stock units which are vested or will vest within 60 days following 2023 and 150,000 shares of common stock that can be acquired under KELTIP units, all of which are vested and can be settled in cash or common stock at the option of the Company. Does not include 400 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Rehn’s spouse for which he disclaims beneficial ownership.
(7)
Consists of 22,508 shares of common stock held directly; and 33,600 restricted stock units which are vested or will vest within 60 days following September 30, 2023. Does not include 128 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Clevenger’s spouse for which he disclaims beneficial ownership.
(8)
Consists of 3,720 shares of common stock held directly; and 29,493 restricted stock units, all of which are vested or will vest within 60 days following September 30, 2023
(9)
Consists of 400 shares of common stock held directly; and 29,493 restricted stock units, all of which are vested or will vest within 60 days following September 30, 2023.
(10)
Consists of 320 shares of common stock held directly; and 29,493 restricted stock units, all of which are vested or will vest within 60 days following September 30, 2023.
(11)
Consists of 280 shares of common stock held directly; and 29,493 restricted stock units, all of which are vested or will vest within 60 days following September 30, 2023.
(12)
Consists of 1,400 shares of common stock held directly; and 12,000 shares of common stock that can be acquired under KELTIP units, all of which are vested and can be settled in cash or common stock at the option of the Company.
(13)
Consists of 8,000 restricted stock units, all of which are vested or will vest within 60 days following September 30, 2023.
(14)
Consists of 48,628 shares of common stock held directly; 199,572 shares of restricted stock units that are vested or will vest within 60 days following September 30, 2023; and 162,000 shares of common stock that can be acquired under KELTIP units, all of which are vested and can be settled in cash or common stock at the option of the Company.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
We currently have 28,000,000 shares of common stock authorized, of which 8,573,252 shares are issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023, plus 2,220,151 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, KELTIP units and restricted stock units as of September 30, 2023.
Dividend Rights
Holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board, out of funds legally available for their payment, subject to the rights of holders of any preferred stock that we may issue.
Voting Rights
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share in all matters as to which holders of common stock are entitled to vote. Holders of not less than a majority of all of the shares of the stock entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders constitute a quorum unless otherwise required by law.
Election of Directors
Our directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of our common stock in a meeting at which a quorum is present. “Plurality” means that the individuals who receive the largest number of votes cast are elected as directors, up to the maximum number of directors to be chosen at the meeting. Our stockholders may vote to remove any director by the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of outstanding common stock.
Liquidation
In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Golden Minerals, holders of our common stock have the right to receive ratably and equally all of the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and liquidation preferences of any preferred stock then outstanding.
Redemption
Golden Minerals’ common stock is not redeemable or convertible.
Other Provisions
All our outstanding common stock is, and the common stock offered by this prospectus or obtainable upon exercise or conversion of other securities offered hereby, if issued in the manner described in this prospectus, will be, fully paid and non-assessable.
This section is a summary and may not describe every aspect of our common stock that may be important to you. We urge you to read applicable Delaware law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws, because they, and not this description, define your rights as a holder of our common stock. See “Where You Can Find More Information” on page 32 of this prospectus for information on how to obtain copies of these documents.
DESCRIPTION OF SERIES A WARRANTS
In this offering, we are offering Series A warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,906,977 shares of our common stock. The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Series A warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Series A warrants. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Series A warrants for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Series A warrants.
Duration and Exercise Price
Each Series A warrant issued in this offering represents the right to purchase up to one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $ per share. Each Series A warrant may be exercised, in cash or, if applicable, by a cashless exercise at the election of the holder, at any time following the date of issuance and from time to time thereafter through and including the five-year anniversary of the initial exercise date.
Exercisability
The Series A warrants will be exercisable in whole or in part by delivering to the Company a completed instruction form for exercise and complying with the requirements for exercise set forth in the Series A warrants. Payment of the exercise price may be made in cash or, if applicable, pursuant to a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Series A warrants.
Exercise Limitation
In general, a holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of a Series A warrant if the holder (together with its Attribution Parties (as defined in the Series A warrant)) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99%, at the election of the holder, of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrant. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% upon notice to us, provided that any increase in this limitation will not be effective until 61 days after such notice from the holder to us and such increase or decrease will apply only to the holder providing such notice.
Failure to Timely Deliver Shares
If we fail to deliver to the holder a certificate representing shares issuable upon exercise of a Series A warrant or to credit the holder’s balance account with Depository Trust Company for such number of shares of common stock to which the holder is entitled upon the holder’s exercise of the Series A warrant, in each case, by the delivery date set forth in the Series A warrant, and if after such date the holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of common stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the holder of the warrant shares which the holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise, or a “Buy-In”, then we shall (A) pay in cash to the holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of common stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of warrant shares that we were required to deliver to the holder in connection with the exercise at issue, times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the holder, either reinstate the portion of the applicable warrant and equivalent number of warrant shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the holder the number of shares of common stock that would have been issued had we timely complied with our exercise and delivery obligations. In addition, if we fail to deliver to the holder any common stock pursuant to a validly exercised Series A warrant, we will be required to pay liquidated damages in the amount of $10.00 per trading day for each $1,000 of the shares of common stock exercised but not delivered (and rising to $20.00 per trading day beginning the fifth trading day after the warrant share delivery date) until such time the shares of common stock are delivered or the holder rescinds such exercise.
Cashless Exercise
If, at the time a holder exercises its Series A warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A warrants under the Securities Act, is not then effective or available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Series A warrant.
Adjustment for Stock Splits
The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Series A warrants are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specific events, including sales of additional shares of common stock, stock dividends, stock splits, and combinations of our common stock.
Dividends or Distributions
If we declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of our common stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property, options, evidence of indebtedness or any other assets by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) at any time after the issuance of the Series A warrants, then, in each such case, the holders of the Series A warrants shall be entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent that the holders would have participated therein if the holders had held the number of shares of common stock acquirable upon complete exercise of the Series A warrants.
Purchase Rights
If we grant, issue or sell any shares of our common stock or securities exercisable for, exchangeable for or convertible into our common stock, or rights to purchase stock, common warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of our common stock, referred to as Purchase Rights, then each holder of the Series A warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of common stock acquirable upon complete exercise of the Series A warrants immediately before the record date, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of common stock are to be determined, for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.
Fundamental Transaction
In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of 50% or more of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of capital stock, any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% or more of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of capital stock, any merger with or into another entity or a tender offer or exchange offer approved by 50% or more of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of capital, then upon any subsequent exercise of a warrant, the holder will have the right to receive as alternative consideration, for each share of our common stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of common stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of our company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration receivable upon or as a result of such transaction by a holder of the number of shares of our common stock for which the Series A warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such event. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a fundamental transaction, the holders of the warrants have the right to require us or a successor entity to redeem the warrants for cash in the amount of the Black-Scholes Value (as defined in each Series A warrant) of the unexercised portion of the warrants concurrently with or within 30 days following the consummation of a fundamental transaction.
However, in the event of a fundamental transaction which is not in our control, including a fundamental transaction not approved by our board of directors, the holders of the warrants will only be entitled to receive
from us or our successor entity, as of the date of consummation of such fundamental transaction the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of the warrant that is being offered and paid to the holders of our common stock in connection with the fundamental transaction, whether that consideration is in the form of cash, stock or any combination of cash and stock, or whether the holders of our common stock are given the choice to receive alternative forms of consideration in connection with the fundamental transaction. If holders of our common stock are not offered or paid any consideration in the fundamental transaction, holders of common stock will be deemed to have received common stock of our successor entity.
Transferability
Subject to applicable laws, the Series A warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned. There is currently no trading market for the Series A warrants and a trading market is not expected to develop.
No Fractional Shares
No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of the Series A warrants. As to any fraction of a share which the holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the number of shares of common stock to be issued shall be rounded up to the nearest whole number.
Trading Market
There is no established public trading market for the Series A warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Series A warrants on any national securities exchange.
Rights as a Stockholder
Except as otherwise provided in the Series A warrants or by virtue of a holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the Series A warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, unless and until they exercise their warrants.
Amendments
The Series A warrants may be amended with the written consent of the holder of such Series A warrant and us.
DESCRIPTION OF SERIES B WARRANTS
In this offering, we are offering Series B warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,453,488 shares of our common stock. The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Series B warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Series B warrants. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Series B warrants for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Series B warrants.
Duration and Exercise Price
Each Series B warrant issued in this offering represents the right to purchase up to one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $ per share. Each Series B warrant may be exercised, in cash or, if applicable, by a cashless exercise at the election of the holder, at any time following the date of issuance and from time to time thereafter through and including the 18-month anniversary of the initial exercise date.
Exercisability
The Series B warrant will be exercisable in whole or in part by delivering to the Company a completed instruction form for exercise and complying with the requirements for exercise set forth in the Series B warrant. Payment of the exercise price may be made in cash or, if applicable, pursuant to a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the Series B warrants.
Exercise Limitation
In general, a holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of a Series B warrant if the holder (together with its Attribution Parties (as defined in the Series B warrant)) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99%, at the election of the holder, of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrant. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% upon notice to us, provided that any increase in this limitation will not be effective until 61 days after such notice from the holder to us and such increase or decrease will apply only to the holder providing such notice.
Failure to Timely Deliver Shares
If we fail to deliver to the holder a certificate representing shares issuable upon exercise of a Series B warrant or to credit the holder’s balance account with Depository Trust Company for such number of shares of common stock to which the holder is entitled upon the holder’s exercise of the Series B warrant, in each case, by the delivery date set forth in the Series B warrant, and if after such date the holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of common stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the holder of the warrant shares which the holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise, or a “Buy-In”, then we shall (A) pay in cash to the holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of common stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of warrant shares that we were required to deliver to the holder in connection with the exercise at issue, times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the holder, either reinstate the portion of the applicable warrant and equivalent number of warrant shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the holder the number of shares of common stock that would have been issued had we timely complied with our exercise and delivery obligations. In addition, if we fail to deliver to the holder any common stock pursuant to a validly exercised Series B warrant, we will be required to pay liquidated damages in the amount of $10.00 per trading day for each $1,000 of the shares of common stock exercised but not delivered (and rising to $20.00 per trading day beginning the fifth trading day after the warrant share delivery date) until such time the shares of common stock are delivered or the holder rescinds such exercise.
Cashless Exercise
If, at the time a holder exercises its Series B warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Series B warrants under the Securities Act, is not then effective or available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Series B warrant.
Adjustment for Stock Splits
The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Series B warrants are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specific events, including sales of additional shares of common stock, stock dividends, stock splits, and combinations of our common stock.
Dividends or Distributions
If we declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of our common stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property, options, evidence of indebtedness or any other assets by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) at any time after the issuance of the Series B warrants, then, in each such case, the holders of the Series B warrants shall be entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent that the holders would have participated therein if the holders had held the number of shares of common stock acquirable upon complete exercise of the Series B warrants.
Purchase Rights
If we grant, issue or sell any shares of our common stock or securities exercisable for, exchangeable for or convertible into our common stock, or rights to purchase stock, common warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of our common stock, referred to as Purchase Rights, then each holder of the Series B warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of common stock acquirable upon complete exercise of the Series B warrants immediately before the record date, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of common stock are to be determined, for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights.
Fundamental Transaction
In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our shares of common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of 50% or more of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of capital stock, any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% or more of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of capital stock, any merger with or into another entity or a tender offer or exchange offer approved by 50% or more of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of capital, then upon any subsequent exercise of a warrant, the holder will have the right to receive as alternative consideration, for each share of our common stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of common stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of our company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration receivable upon or as a result of such transaction by a holder of the number of shares of our common stock for which the Series B warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such event. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a fundamental transaction, the holders of the warrants have the right to require us or a successor entity to redeem the warrants for cash in the amount of the Black-Scholes Value (as defined in each Series B warrant) of the unexercised portion of the warrants concurrently with or within 30 days following the consummation of a fundamental transaction.
However, in the event of a fundamental transaction which is not in our control, including a fundamental transaction not approved by our board of directors, the holders of the warrants will only be entitled to receive
from us or our successor entity, as of the date of consummation of such fundamental transaction the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of the warrant that is being offered and paid to the holders of our common stock in connection with the fundamental transaction, whether that consideration is in the form of cash, stock or any combination of cash and stock, or whether the holders of our common stock are given the choice to receive alternative forms of consideration in connection with the fundamental transaction. If holders of our common stock are not offered or paid any consideration in the fundamental transaction, holders of common stock will be deemed to have received common stock of our successor entity.
Transferability
Subject to applicable laws, the Series B warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned. There is currently no trading market for the Series B warrants and a trading market is not expected to develop.
No Fractional Shares
No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of the Series B warrants. As to any fraction of a share which the holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the number of shares of common stock to be issued shall be rounded up to the nearest whole number.
Trading Market
There is no established public trading market for the Series B warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Series B warrants on any national securities exchange.
Rights as a Stockholder
Except as otherwise provided in the Series B warrants or by virtue of a holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the Series B warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, unless and until they exercise their warrants.
Amendments
The Series B warrants may be amended with the written consent of the holder of such Series B warrant and us.
DESCRIPTION OF PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS
In this offering, we are offering up to 2,906,977 pre-funded warrants. The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the pre-funded warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the pre-funded warrants. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of pre-funded warrants for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the pre-funded warrants.
The pre-funded warrants will be issued in certificated form only.
Duration and Exercise Price
Each pre-funded warrant offered hereby has an initial exercise price per share equal to $0.0001 per share. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable at any time following their date of issuance.
Exercisability
The pre-funded warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below).
Exercise Limitation
A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of such holder’s pre-funded warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of the outstanding shares of common stock immediately after exercise, provided that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase this beneficial ownership limit to up to 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the pre-funded warrants.
Cashless Exercise
In lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a cashless exercise formula set forth in the pre-funded warrants.
Adjustment for Stock Splits
The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of the pre-funded warrants are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specific events, including sales of additional shares of common stock, stock dividends, stock splits, and combinations of our common stock.
Fundamental Transaction
In the event of any fundamental transaction, as described in the pre-funded warrants and generally including any merger with or into another entity, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, tender offer or exchange offer, or reclassification of our shares of common stock, then upon any subsequent exercise of a pre-funded warrant, the holder will have the right to receive as alternative consideration, for each share of common stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of common stock of the successor or acquiring corporation of our company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration receivable upon or as a result of such transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock for which the pre-funded warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such event.
Transferability
Subject to applicable laws, a pre-funded warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the pre-funded warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer and payment of funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes (if applicable).
No Fractional Shares
No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a pre-funded warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round up to the next whole share.
Trading Market
There is no trading market for the pre-funded warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. We do not intend to list the pre-funded warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.
Right as a Stockholder
Except as otherwise provided in the pre-funded warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the pre-funded warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their pre-funded warrants.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We have engaged H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “placement agent”) to act as our exclusive placement agent to solicit offers to purchase the securities offered by this prospectus on a “reasonable best efforts” basis. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, nor is it required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of common stock but has agreed to use its best efforts to arrange for the sale of all of the shares of common stock offered hereby. We may not sell the entire amount of our securities offered pursuant to this prospectus.
There is no minimum amount of proceeds that is a condition to closing of this offering. The placement agent does not guarantee that it will be able to raise new capital in this offering. Investors purchasing securities offered hereby will have the option to execute a securities purchase agreement with us. Investors who do not enter into a securities purchase agreement shall rely solely on this prospectus in connection with the purchase of our securities in this offering. In addition to rights and remedies available to all purchasers in this offering under federal securities and state law, the purchasers which enter into a securities purchase agreement will also be able to bring claims of breach of contract against us. The ability to pursue a claim for breach of contract is material to larger purchasers in this offering as a means to enforce the following covenants uniquely available to them under the securities purchase agreement: (i) a covenant to not enter into variable rate financings for a period of one year following the closing of the offering, subject to an exception; and (ii) a covenant to not enter into any equity financings for 60 days from closing of the offering, subject to certain exceptions. The placement agent may engage one or more sub-placement agents or selected dealers to assist with the offering.
The nature of the representations, warranties and covenants in the securities purchase agreements shall include:
•
standard issuer representations and warranties on matters such as organization, qualification, authorization, no conflict, no governmental filings required, current in SEC filings, no litigation, labor or other compliance issues, environmental, intellectual property and title matters and compliance with various laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; and
•
covenants regarding matters such as registration of warrant shares, no integration with other offerings, filing of an 8-K to disclose entering into these securities purchase agreements, no shareholder rights plans, no material nonpublic information, use of proceeds, indemnification of purchasers, reservation and listing of common stock, and no subsequent equity sales for 60 days.
Fees and Expenses
We have agreed to pay the placement agent a placement agent’s fee equal to 6.0% of the aggregate purchase price of the shares of common stock sold in this offering.
The following table shows the per share and total cash fees we will pay to the placement agent in connection with the sale of the common stock and shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants pursuant to this prospectus.
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|
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Per Common
Share and
Common Warrant
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|
|
Per Pre-funded
Warrant and
Common Warrant
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|
|
Total
|
|
|
Offering price
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
Placement agent fees
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
Proceeds before expenses to us
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
We estimate the total expenses that will be payable by us, excluding the placement agent’s fees, will be approximately $0.4 million, which include legal, accounting and printing costs, various other fees and reimbursement of the placement agent’s expenses, including up to $125,000 in legal fees and expenses and payment of up to $15,950 for the clearing expenses of the placement agent in connection with this offering.
Right of First Refusal
We have granted a right of first refusal to the placement agent pursuant to which it has the right to act as the sole book-running manager, underwriter or placement agent, as applicable, if we decide to raise
capital through a public offering (including an at-the-market facility) or private placement or any other capital-raising financing of equity, equity-linked or debt securities pursuant to which we engage an investment bank or broker/dealer at any time following the consummation of the offering until September 30, 2024 with respect to any financing other than an at-the-market facility, and until February 25, 2025 with respect to an at-the-market facility.
Tail
We have also agreed to pay the placement agent a tail fee equal to the cash and warrant compensation in this offering, if any investor, who was contacted or introduced to us by the placement agent during the term of its engagement, provides us with capital in any public or private offering or other financing or capital raising transaction during the 12-month period following expiration or termination of our engagement of the placement agent.
Lock-Up Agreements
We have agreed with the placement agent to be subject to a lock-up period of 60 days following the date of closing of the offering pursuant to this prospectus. This means that, during the applicable lock-up period, we may not offer for sale, contract to sell, sell, distribute, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our shares of common stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of common stock, subject to customary exceptions. This lock-up agreement may be waived by purchasers of at least 50.1% of the shares and pre-funded warrants based on the initial subscription amounts of such purchasers. In addition, we have agreed to not issue any securities that are subject to a price reset based on the trading prices of our common stock or upon a specified or contingent event in the future or enter into any agreement to issue securities at a future determined price for a period of one year following the closing date of this offering, subject to an exception. This prohibition may be waived by purchasers of at least 50.1% of the shares and pre-funded warrants based on the initial subscription amounts of such purchasers.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the placement agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in our engagement letter with the placement agent. We have also agreed to contribute to payments the placement agent may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.
Other Relationships
The placement agent and its affiliates may provide in the future various advisory, investment and commercial banking and other services to us in the ordinary course of business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions.
In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the placement agent and its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The placement agent and its affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
Regulation M
The placement agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale of the common stock sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, the placement agent would be required to comply with the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, including without limitation, Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing
of purchases and sales of shares of common stock and warrants by the placement agent acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, the placement agent:
•
may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and
•
may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A., whose mailing address is 6200 Quebec St., Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111.
Listing
Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American and on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “AUMN.” We do not intend to apply for listing of the common warrants or pre-funded warrants on any national securities exchange.
Trading Market
There is no established public trading market for the pre-funded warrants or common warrants to be sold in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop.
Electronic Distribution
This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the underwriter, or by its affiliates. Other than this prospectus in electronic format, the information on the underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the underwriter is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the underwriter in its capacity as an underwriter, and should not be relied upon by investors.
U.S. INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations of the purchase, ownership, and disposition of our common stock. This summary does not describe all of the potential tax considerations that may be relevant in light of a holder’s particular circumstances. For example, it does not address special classes of holders, such as banks, thrifts, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, insurance companies, dealers in securities or currencies, or tax-exempt investors. This summary is limited to holders that acquire our common stock in this offering and hold such common stock as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) (generally, property held for investment purposes). Further, it does not include any description of any alternative minimum tax consequences, estate, gift, or generation-skipping tax consequences, or consequences under the tax laws of any state or local jurisdiction or of any foreign jurisdiction that may be applicable to our shares of common stock. This summary is based on the Code, the U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, the United States-Canada income tax treaty as in effect on the date of this offering, and administrative and judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis. There can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will not challenge one or more of the descriptions of the tax consequences described herein, and we have not obtained, nor do we intend to obtain, a ruling from the IRS with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares of common stock.
As used in this prospectus, the term “U.S. Holder” means:
•
a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•
a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in, or under the laws of, the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
•
an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
•
a trust, if either (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) such trust has made a valid election under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.
As used in this prospectus, the term “Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of our securities that is not a U.S. Holder.
If an entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership (or other “pass-through” entity) for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such entity and the partners (or other owners) of such entity generally will depend on the activities of the entity and the status of such partners (or owners). This summary does not address the tax consequences to any such partner (or owner). Partners (or other owners) of entities or arrangements that are classified as partnerships or as “pass-through” entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences arising from and relating to the purchase, ownership, and disposition of our common stock.
WE URGE ALL PROSPECTIVE HOLDERS TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. INCOME, ESTATE AND OTHER TAX CONSIDERATIONS OF ACQUIRING, HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF OUR COMMON STOCK.
General
The purchase price paid for a share of common stock must be allocated between the share of common stock and any associated warrants for the purchase of our common stock that are included in the purchase price based on their respective relative fair market values. We will determine this allocation based upon our determination, which we will complete following the closing of this offering, of the relative values of such warrants and of our common stock. This allocation will be reported to any person to which we transfer such common stock and warrants that acts as a custodian of securities in the ordinary course of its trade or business, or that effects sales of securities by others in the ordinary course of its trade or business and may
be reported to the IRS by such persons. This allocation is not binding on purchasers in this offering, the IRS, or the courts. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in our common stock (and associated warrants) and the allocation of the purchase price paid in the offering.
Taxation of U.S. Holders
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of the ownership and disposition of the shares of common stock purchased in this offering.
Dividends and Other Distributions on Shares of Common Stock
Distributions on shares of our common stock will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. If a distribution exceeds our current or accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital and will reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such shares of our common stock, and any remaining excess will be treated as capital gain from a sale or exchange of shares of our common stock, subject to the tax treatment described below in “— Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Shares of Our Common Stock.”
Dividends received by a corporate U.S. Holder generally will qualify for the dividends received deduction if the requisite holding period is satisfied. With certain exceptions, and provided certain holding period requirements are met, dividends received by a non-corporate U.S. Holder generally will constitute “qualified dividends” that will be subject to tax at the tax rate accorded to long-term capital gains.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Shares of Our Common Stock
Upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of our common stock, a U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon such event and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such shares of common stock. Generally, such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. Any such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares exceeds one year and will otherwise be short-term capital gain or loss.
Tax Rates Applicable to Ordinary Income and Capital Gains
Ordinary income and short-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. Holders are generally taxable at rates of up to 37%. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. Holders are subject to a maximum rate of 20%. See “— Surtax on Net Investment Income” below, regarding the applicability of a 3.8% surtax to certain investment income.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of the ownership and disposition of the shares of common stock purchased in this offering.
Distributions
Distributions on shares of our common stock will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. If a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital and will reduce (but not below zero) the Non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such shares of our common stock, and any remaining excess will be treated as gain realized from the sale or exchange of the shares of our common stock, the treatment of which is described below under the section entitled “— Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Shares of Our Common Stock.”
Subject to the discussion below under “Foreign Accounts,” dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at the rate of 30%, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. U.S. withholding tax on dividends paid to an individual Non-U.S. Holder who is resident of Canada for purposes of the United States- Canada income tax treaty
is generally reduced to 15% pursuant to the United States-Canada income tax treaty. If a dividend is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if an applicable tax treaty requires, is also attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment maintained by such Non-U.S. Holder), the dividend will not be subject to any withholding tax, provided certain certification requirements are satisfied (as described below), and subject to the discussion below under “Foreign Accounts.” Instead, such dividends will be subject to U.S. federal income tax imposed on net income on the same basis that applies to U.S. persons generally. A corporate Non-U.S. Holder under certain circumstances also may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30%, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, on a portion of its effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year.
To claim the benefit of a tax treaty or to claim exemption from withholding on the ground that income is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, a Non-U.S. Holder must provide a properly executed form, generally on IRS Form W-8BEN for treaty benefits or Form W-8ECI for effectively connected income, or such successor forms as the IRS designates, prior to the payment of dividends.
These forms must be periodically updated. Non-U.S. Holders generally may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.
Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential applicability of any income tax treaty in their particular circumstances.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Shares of Common Stock
A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax and, in certain cases, withholding tax on the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of our common stock purchased in this offering unless:
•
the gain is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Holder (and, if an applicable tax treaty requires, is also attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment maintained by such Non-U.S. Holder),
•
in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder who is an individual, such holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 or more days (as calculated for U.S. federal income tax purposes) during the taxable year of the disposition, and certain other conditions are satisfied, or
•
we are or have been a “United States real property holding corporation,” or “USRPHC,” as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Gain described in the first bullet point above will be subject to tax at generally applicable U.S. federal income tax rates in the same manner as gain is taxable to U.S. Holders. Any gain described in the first bullet point above of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign corporation may also be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
An individual Non-U.S. Holder described in the second bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a flat rate of 30% (or at a reduced rate under an applicable income tax treaty) on any gain recognized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock, which may be offset by certain U.S.-source capital losses (even though such individual is not considered a resident of the United States).
With respect to the third bullet point above, a U.S. corporation is generally a USRPHC if the fair market value of its “United States real property interests” equals or exceeds 50% of the fair market value of its real property and trade or business assets. We believe that we currently are not, and have not been, a USRPHC, although there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in future years. Even if we are or become a USRPHC, so long as our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of our common stock, unless the Non-U.S. Holder has owned, directly or by attribution, more than 5% of our common stock during the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition or the Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares of our common stock (a “greater than 5% stockholder”).
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Tax
Information reporting and backup withholding at a rate of 24% may apply to dividends paid with respect to our common stock and to proceeds from the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock. U.S. Holders will not be subject to backup withholding if they furnish a correct taxpayer identification number and certify under penalties of perjury that they are not subject to backup withholding on Form W-9, or such successor form as the IRS designates, Non-U.S. Holders will not be subject to backup withholding if they certify under penalties of perjury as to their status as Non-U.S. Holders or otherwise establish an exemption and certain other requirements are met. Holders of our common stock should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules to them.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a holder of our common stock generally may be refunded or credited against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Surtax on Net Investment Income
Individuals, estates and trusts will be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare surtax on “net investment income” (in the case of an individual) or “undistributed net investment income” (in the case of a trust or estate) in excess of a certain threshold amount. Net investment income includes, among other things, dividends and net gain from disposition of property (other than property held in certain trades or businesses). Net investment income is reduced by deductions that are properly allocable to such income. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of our common stock.
Foreign Accounts
Legislation enacted in 2010, commonly known as “FATCA,” generally imposes a 30% withholding tax on dividends on shares of common stock paid to (i) a foreign financial institutions (as defined in section 1471 of the Code) unless it enters into an agreement to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding direct and indirect U.S. account holders, and (ii) certain other foreign entities unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. If the payee is a foreign financial institution, it must enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury requiring, among other things, that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain U.S. persons or U.S.-owned foreign entities, annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on payments to account holders whose actions prevent it from complying with these reporting and other requirements. In certain circumstances, an account holder may be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect to any amounts withheld. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, or future Treasury regulations, may modify these requirements.
While the withholding obligations described above would also apply to gross proceeds from the sale of assets that could produce U.S.-source dividends and interest, recently proposed Treasury regulations, which state that taxpayers may rely on the proposed regulations until final regulations are issued, eliminate this requirement. The FATCA withholding tax will apply to all withholdable payments without regard to whether the beneficial owner of the payment would otherwise be entitled to an exemption from imposition of withholding tax pursuant to an applicable tax treaty with the United States or U.S. domestic law.
THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX DISCUSSION SET FORTH ABOVE IS INCLUDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE DEPENDING UPON A HOLDER’S PARTICULAR SITUATION. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO ALL TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE ACQUISITION OF UNITS AND THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX LAWS, AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF ANY CHANGES THEREIN.
RESTRICTIONS ON RESALE FOR RESIDENTS OF CANADA
The Company is a “reporting issuer” (within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws) in each of the provinces of Canada. However, as the offering of shares of common stock under this prospectus is being made solely outside of Canada, the Company is exempt from or otherwise not subject to the requirement under Canadian securities laws to prepare and file a prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each of the provinces of Canada to qualify the distribution of such shares of common stock. Accordingly, each purchaser of the shares of common stock distributed under this prospectus acknowledges that such shares of common stock are subject to “hold period” resale restrictions under applicable Canadian securities laws and that such shares of common stock must not be traded or resold in or to a resident of Canada until four months and a day after the date of the purchase and sale of such shares, and each purchaser of shares of common stock distributed under this prospectus agrees and is deemed to agree to comply with such restrictions. Accordingly, this prospectus serves as notice to each purchaser of shares of common stock distributed under this prospectus of the transfer and resale restrictions applicable to such shares of common stock under Canadian securities laws described in the following legend:
“UNDER CANADIAN SECURITIES LAWS, UNLESS PERMITTED UNDER SECURITIES LEGISLATION, THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY MUST NOT TRADE THE SECURITY IN CANADA BEFORE THE DATE THAT IS 4 MONTHS AND A DAY AFTER THE ORIGINAL DISTRIBUTION DATE OF THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK.”
INTEREST OF NAMED EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
No expert or counsel named in this prospectus as having prepared or certified any part of this prospectus or having given an opinion upon the validity of the securities being registered or upon other legal matters in connection with the registration or offering of the Common Stock was employed on a contingency basis, or had, or is to receive, in connection with the offering, a substantial interest, direct or indirect, in the registrant. Nor was any such person connected with the registrant as a promoter, managing or principal underwriter, voting trustee, director, officer of employee.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the issuance of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP. Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York, is counsel for the placement agent in connection with this offering.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are incorporated in this prospectus by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2022 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of Armanino, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2021 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of Plante & Moran, PLLC, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The estimates of our mineral resources with respect to the Velardeña Properties and Rodeo properties incorporated by reference in this prospectus have been included in reliance upon the technical report summary prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. The estimate of our mineral resources with respect to the Yoquivo Property incorporated by reference in this prospectus have been included in reliance on a technical report summary prepared by Aaron Amoroso and Matthew Booth.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, and in accordance therewith, we file periodic reports and proxy statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission, referred to in this prospectus as the SEC. All reports, proxy statements and the other information that we file with the SEC are available to the public from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and our website at www.goldenminerals.com. Information on our website is not part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
We also maintain an Internet website at www.goldenminerals.com, which provides additional information about our company and through which you can also access our SEC filings. Our website and the information contained in and connected to it are not a part of or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
We also file reports, statements or other information with the Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Ontario Securities Commissions. Copies of these documents that are filed through the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval, or “SEDAR,” of the Canadian Securities Administrators are available on its web site at www.sedar.com.
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and persons controlling us pursuant to the provisions described in Item 14 of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than our payment of expenses incurred or paid by our directors, officers, or controlling persons in the successful defense of any action, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by our directors, officers, or controlling persons in connection with the common stock being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of the issue.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
This prospectus incorporates by reference information we have filed with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you be referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and all documents that we file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering (other than information in documents that is deemed not to be filed):
•
•
•
•
Our Current Reports on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2023, March 1, 2023, April 4, 2023, April 7, 2023, May 19, 2023, May 30, 2023, June 9, 2023, June 16, 2023, June 29, 2023, July 7, 2023, August 16, 2023, and August 24, 2023, to the extent “filed” and not “furnished” pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act; and
•
The description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed February 5, 2010 with the SEC under 12(b) of the Exchange Act (File No. 001-13627), including any subsequent amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.
We also incorporate by reference any future filings (other than current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items unless such Form 8-K expressly provides to the contrary) made with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including those made after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement, until we file a post-effective amendment that indicates the termination of the offering of the securities made by this prospectus and such future filings will become a part of this prospectus from the respective dates that such documents are filed with the SEC. Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes hereof to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which is also incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
Documents incorporated by reference are available from us, without charge. You may obtain documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus by requesting them in writing or by telephone at the following address:
Golden Minerals Company
350 Indiana Street, Suite 650
Golden, Colorado 80401
Attention: Secretary
Telephone: (303) 839-5060
Except as provided above, no other information, including information on our internet site, is incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. We have incorporated exhibits into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You should read the exhibits carefully for provisions that may be important to you.
We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under the circumstances and in the jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus or in any applicable free writing prospectus is current only as of its date, regardless of its time of delivery or any sale of shares of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. We are not, and the selling stockholder is not, making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer is not permitted.
Up to 2,906,977 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 2,906,977 Series A Warrants to Purchase Up to 2,906,977 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 1,453,488 Series B Warrants to Purchase Up to 1,453,488 Shares of Common Stock
Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 2,906,977 Shares of Common Stock
Up to 4,360,465 Shares of Common Stock Underlying the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants
PROSPECTUS
H.C. Wainwright & Co.
, 2023
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by Golden Minerals Company, or the Registrant, in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered. All amounts are estimated except the SEC registration fee.
|
Item
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
SEC registration fee
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,845 |
|
|
|
Legal fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
$ |
200,000 |
|
|
|
Accounting fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
|
Printing, transfer agent fees and miscellaneous expenses
|
|
|
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$ |
251,845 |
|
|
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Golden Minerals Company is incorporated in Delaware. Section 102 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) allows a corporation to eliminate the personal liability of directors of a corporation to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except where the director breached the duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law, authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of the DGCL or obtained an improper personal benefit.
Section 145 of the DGCL provides, among other things, that we may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding — other than an action by or in our right — by reason of the fact that the person is or was our director, officer, agent or employee, or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, agent or employee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding. The power to indemnify applies (a) if such person is successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding, or (b) if such person acting in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in the best interest, or not opposed to the best interest, of us, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The power to indemnify applies to actions brought by or in our right as well but only to the extent of defense expenses, including attorneys’ fees but excluding amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred and not to any satisfaction of judgment or settlement of the claim itself, and with the further limitation that in such actions no indemnification shall be made in the event of any adjudication of liability to us, unless the court believes that in light of all the circumstances indemnification should apply.
Section 174 of the DGCL provides, among other things, that a director who willfully or negligently approves of an unlawful payment of dividends or an unlawful stock repurchase or redemption may be held liable for such actions. A director who was either absent when the unlawful actions were approved or dissented at the time, may avoid liability by causing his or her dissent to such actions to be entered in the books containing minutes of the meetings of the board of directors at the time such action occurred or immediately after such absent director receives notice of the unlawful acts.
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and Restated bylaws, respectively, provide that we shall indemnify our directors, officers, employees and other agents to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL or any other applicable law. In addition, we have entered into agreements to indemnify our directors and officers and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify all of our directors and officers. These agreements require us, among other things, to indemnify our directors and officers against certain liabilities which may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by law. These indemnification provisions and the
indemnification agreements may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of our officers and directors for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act.
We maintain insurance policies under which our directors and executive officers are insured, within the limits and subject to the limitations of those policies, against certain expenses in connection with the defense of, and certain liabilities that might be imposed as a result of, actions, suits or proceedings to which they are parties by reason of being or having been directors or officers. The coverage provided by these policies may apply whether or not we would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
During the preceding three years, the Registrant has issued the following securities that were not registered under the Securities Act:
•
On June 26, 2023, the Registrant entered into a Purchase Agreement with Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd., or Armistice, pursuant to which, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth in the agreement, the Registrant agreed to issue warrants to purchase up to 1,427,587 shares of the Company’s common stock to Armistice at an exercise price of $1.90. Each warrant is exercisable six months from the date of issuance and has a term expiring five years after such initial exercise date.
The offers, sales and issuances of the securities described in each of the paragraphs above were offered and sold without registration under the Securities Act in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder. Each of the recipients of securities in these transactions had adequate access, through business or other relationships to information about the Registrant.
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
EXHIBITS
*
Filed herewith.
**
Previously filed.
Item 17. Undertakings
(a)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i)
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
Provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4)
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(i)
Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii)
Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to
such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(5)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(6)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| |
Dated: October 25, 2023
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GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
Registrant
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|
By:
/s/ WARREN M. REHN
Warren M. Rehn
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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Signature
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Title
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|
Date
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/s/ WARREN M. REHN
Warren M. Rehn
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|
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
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October 25, 2023
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/s/ JULIE Z. WEEDMAN
Julie Z. Weedman
|
|
|
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
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October 25, 2023
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*
Jeffrey G. Clevenger
|
|
|
Chairman of the Board of Directors
|
|
|
October 25, 2023
|
|
| |
*
W. Durand Eppler
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
October 25, 2023
|
|
| |
*
Deborah J. Friedman
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|
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Director
|
|
|
October 25, 2023
|
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| |
*
Kevin R. Morano
|
|
|
Director
|
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|
October 25, 2023
|
|
| |
*
Terry M. Palmer
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Director
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October 25, 2023
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Signature
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Title
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Date
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*
David H. Watkins
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Director
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October 25, 2023
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By:
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/s/ WARREN M. REHN
Warren M. Rehn
Attorney-in-Fact
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EXHIBIT 4.7
PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT
GOLDen
MINERALS COMPANY
| Warrant Shares: _______ |
Initial Exercise Date: September ____, 2023 |
THIS PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK
PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the “Holder”)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after
the date hereof (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) until this Warrant
is exercised in full (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Golden Minerals
Company, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), up to the number of shares set forth above (as subject to adjustment
hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant
shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1. Definitions.
Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement
(the “Purchase Agreement”), dated September __, 2023, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto.
Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise
of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on
or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted
by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”).
Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement
Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate
Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United
States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of
Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization)
of any Notice of Exercise be required. The Company shall have no obligation to inquire with respect to or otherwise confirm the authenticity
of the signature(s) contained on any Notice of Exercise nor the authority of the person so executing such Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder
has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise
is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares
available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal
to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant
Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading
Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of
the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available
for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise
Price. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded
to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise
price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant.
The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any
circumstance or for any reason whatsoever. The remaining unpaid exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be
$0.0001, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).
c) Cashless
Exercise. This Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in
which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A),
where:
| (A) = | as applicable: (i) the
VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise
if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof
on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof
on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined
in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws)
on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the
Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the
Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P.
(“Bloomberg”) as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable
Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours”
on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two
(2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant
to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice
of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise
is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close
of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day; |
| (B) = | the Exercise Price of
this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and |
| (X) = | the number of Warrant
Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms
of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless
exercise. |
If Warrant Shares
are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities
Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not
to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c), except to the extent required by applicable law, rules or regulation.
“Bid Price”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York
City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average
price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock
is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market
(or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common
Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) (based
on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the OTCQB Venture Market
(“OTCQB”) or the OTCQX Best Market (“OTCQX”) is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average
price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock
is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market
(“Pink Market”) operated by the OTC Markets, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions
of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market
value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Company and reasonably acceptable
to the Holders of a majority in interest of the warrants then outstanding, the reasonable fees and expenses of which shall be paid by
the Company.
Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant
to this Section 2(c).
i. Delivery
of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer
Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust
Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such
system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of
the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery
of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant
Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise, in
each case, by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of
Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number
of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the
“Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate
purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective
of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless
exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the
Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder
the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash,
as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common
Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading
Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares
are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain a transfer agent
that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard
Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary
Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of a duly executed Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial
Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver
the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial
Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price
(other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date.
ii. Delivery
of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and
upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing
the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other
respects be identical with this Warrant.
iii. Rescission
Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by
the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.
iv. Compensation
for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if
the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above
pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to
purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock
to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a
“Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s
total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount
obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with
the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at
the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise
was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock
that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the
Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares
of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately
preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating
the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing
herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without
limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares
of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
v. No
Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this
Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall,
at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the
Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.
vi. Charges,
Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other
incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and
such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided,
however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when
surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company
may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company
shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company
(or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.
vii. Closing
of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant,
pursuant to the terms hereof.
| e) | Holder’s Exercise Limitations.
The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the
right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to
the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable
Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other
Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates
(such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess
of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing
sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates
and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon
exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall
exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise
of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or
any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the
unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without
limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or
exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or
any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding
sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated
in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing
to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the
Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed
in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies,
the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities
owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion
of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission
of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether
this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together
with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable,
in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no
obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination
as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of
the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes
of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock,
a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the
Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case
may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent
written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of
Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company
shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares
of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of
Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities
of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties
since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported.
The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be [9.99/]4.99% of the number
of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice
to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of
this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds
9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect
to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder
and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in
the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after
such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed
and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to
correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with
the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements
necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained
in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant. |
Section 3. Certain
Adjustments.
a) Stock
Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise
makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares
of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this
Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way
of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of
shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a
fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately
before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event,
and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price
of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately
after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective
immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
b) Subsequent
Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon
the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held
the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise
hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for
the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares
of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to
the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership
of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held
in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation).
c) Pro
Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution
of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including,
without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification,
corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after
the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent
that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete
exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as
of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided,
however, that, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding
the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in
the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution
shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder
exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the
time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder
has exercised this Warrant.
d) Fundamental
Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person (other than for the purpose of changing the
Company’s name and/or jurisdiction or incorporation of the Company), (ii) the Company (or any Subsidiary), directly or indirectly,
effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of assets constituting all or substantially all
of the Company’s assets on a consolidated basis in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect,
purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common
Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders
of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the
Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization
of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for
other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates
a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization,
spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or
more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental
Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant
Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option
of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common
Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration
(the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of
shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any
limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise
Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable
in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the
Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration.
If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then
the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such
Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor
(the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other
Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and
shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by
a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares
of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon
exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and
with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative
value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number
of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately
prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder.
Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company (so
that from and after date of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents
referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and
the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume
all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor
Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall
be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient
authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior
to the Initial Exercise Date.
e) Calculations.
All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be
the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
f) Notice
to Holder.
i. Adjustment
to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly
deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number
of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice
to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the
Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the
Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection
with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all
or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other
securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding
up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email
address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least three calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective
date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution,
redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to
be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification,
consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected
that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other
property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to
deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to
be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information
regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a
Current Report on Form 8-K. To the extent prior to the Termination Date, the Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant
during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise
be expressly set forth herein.
Section 4. Transfer
of Warrant.
a) Transferability.
This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part,
upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of
this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay
any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute
and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations
specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not
so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required
to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form
to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder
for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
b) New
Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company,
together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or
its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination,
the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in
accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and
shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant
Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant
Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder
of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other
purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
Section 5. Miscellaneous.
a) No
Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends
or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly
set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant
to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in
no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.
b) Loss,
Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c) Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Trading Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Trading
Day.
d) Authorized
Shares.
The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number
of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company
further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of
issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable
action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law
or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all
Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase
rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully
paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than
taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may
validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially
reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof,
as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e) Jurisdiction.
All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance
with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.
f) Restrictions.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws. The Holder covenants and
agrees that it will not, during the period ending on the date that is four (4) months plus one (1) day after the
date of issuance of the Warrant evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, sell or otherwise effect a trade of the Warrant to any person
resident in any province or territory of Canada (collectively, the “Canadian Jurisdictions”) or any person acquiring
such Warrant for the benefit of another person resident in any Canadian Jurisdiction, other than in a transaction made in compliance
with the prospectus and registration requirements of applicable Canadian securities laws or which otherwise is made in reliance on any
available exemptions therefrom (and the Company or the Warrant Agent may require evidence of such compliance). The Holder further agrees
and acknowledges that if the Warrant evidenced by this Warrant Certificate is legally sold in any Canadian Jurisdiction, or to a resident
of any Canadian Jurisdiction, within four months after the date hereof, the Warrant and any replacement Warrant Certificate issued within
four months after the date hereof shall bear the following legend.
“UNLESS PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE
SECURITIES LEGISLATION, THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY MUST NOT TRADE THE SECURITY IN CANADA BEFORE _______________.”
g) Nonwaiver
and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of
this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which
results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs
and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the
Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
h) Notices.
Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered
in accordance with the notice provisions of the Purchase Agreement.
i)
Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence
of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights
or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a
stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.
j)
Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to
exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this
Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by
it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance
that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k) Successors
and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
l)
Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the
provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.
m) Severability.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
n) Headings.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this
Warrant.
********************
(Signature Page Follows)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
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golden
minerals company |
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By: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
| To: | golden
minerals company |
(1) The
undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised
in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment
shall take the form of (check applicable box):
¨
in lawful money of the United States; or
¨ if permitted the cancellation
of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant
with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection
2(c).
(3) Please
issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
_______________________________
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the
following DWAC Account Number:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]
Name of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing
Entity: _________________________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________
Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________
EXHIBIT B
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing
Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and
all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to
| Name: |
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(Please Print) |
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| Address: |
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(Please Print) |
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| Phone Number: |
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| Email Address: |
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| Dated: _______________ __, ______ |
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| Holder’s Signature: |
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| Holder’s Address: |
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EXHIBIT 4.8
EXHIBIT A-1
SERIES A COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT
golden
minerals company
| Warrant
Shares: _______ | Initial
Exercise Date: _______ |
| | Issue Date: _________ |
THIS SERIES A COMMON STOCK
PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the
“Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter
set forth, at any time on or after ________ (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New
York City time) on _______, 2028 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and
purchase from Golden Minerals Company, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), up to the number of shares set
forth above (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one
share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1. Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:
“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business
Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee”
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.
“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities
may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Purchase
Agreement” means the securities purchase agreement, dated as of _________, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto,
as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.
“Registration
Statement” means the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-274403).
“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed
or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading
Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.
“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York
Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transfer
Agent” means Computershare Trust Company, N.A., the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 350 Indiana
Street, Suite 750, Golden, Colorado 80401 and a facsimile number of (303) 262-0610, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“Warrants”
means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement
Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise
of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on
or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted
by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within
the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as
defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise
Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States
bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise.
No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of
any Notice of Exercise be required. The Company shall have no obligation to inquire with respect to or otherwise confirm the authenticity
of the signature(s) contained on any Notice of Exercise nor the authority of the person so executing such Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder
has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise
is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares
available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal
to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant
Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading
Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of
the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available
for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise
Price. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $____, subject to adjustment hereunder (the
“Exercise Price”).
c) Cashless
Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained
therein is not available for the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part,
at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares
equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
| (A) = | as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately
preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to
Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof
on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated
under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading
Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal
Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable
Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered
within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a
Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the
date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof
after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day; |
| (B) = | the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder;
and |
| (X) = | the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise
of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless
exercise. |
If
Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of
the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The
Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c), except to the extent required by applicable law, rules or
regulation.
“Bid Price”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York
City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price
of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not
then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a
similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock
so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) (based
on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the OTCQB Venture Market
(“OTCQB”) or the OTCQX Best Market (“OTCQX”) is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average
price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock
is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market
(“Pink Market”) operated by the OTC Markets, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions
of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market
value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Company and reasonably acceptable
to the Holders of a majority in interest of the warrants then outstanding, the reasonable fees and expenses of which shall be paid by
the Company.
d) Mechanics of Exercise.
i. Delivery
of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer
Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company
through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system
and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant
Shares by Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate,
registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which
the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise, in each case, by the
date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one
(1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising
the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery
Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder
of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant
Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier
of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery
of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise
by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each
$1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise),
$10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each
Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company
agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant
remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period,
expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on
the date of delivery of a duly executed Notice of Exercise.
ii. Delivery
of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and
upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing
the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects
be identical with this Warrant.
iii. Rescission
Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by
the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.
iv. Compensation
for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if
the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above
pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase
(in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver
in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”),
then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price
(including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying
(1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue
times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the
Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in
which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been
issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common
Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with
an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence
the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit
a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock
upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
v. No
Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this
Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall,
at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the
Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.
vi. Charges,
Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental
expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant
Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however,
that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for
exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as
a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all
Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another
established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.
vii. Closing
of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant,
pursuant to the terms hereof.
e) Holder’s
Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise
any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise
as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting
as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)),
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence,
the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude
the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant
beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised
or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject
to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its
Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial
ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance
with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance
therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant
is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which
portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall
be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the
Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject
to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination.
In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of
the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the
number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the
Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement
by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common
Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in
writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common
Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the
Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported.
The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be [9.99/]4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding
immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice
to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect
to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall
continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such
notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in
strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective
or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable
to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.
Section 3. Certain
Adjustments.
a) Stock
Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes
a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of
Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this
Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way
of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of
shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction
of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before
such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the
number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this
Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the
record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately
after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
b) Subsequent
Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the
terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the
number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof,
including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant,
issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common
Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent
that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such
shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance
for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
c) Pro
Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution
of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including,
without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification,
corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after
the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent
that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete
exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as
of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided,
however, that, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding
the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in
the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution
shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder
exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
d) Fundamental
Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person (other than for the purpose of changing the
Company’s name and/or jurisdiction or incorporation of the Company), (ii) the Company (or any Subsidiary), directly or indirectly,
effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of assets constituting all or substantially all
of the Company’s assets on a consolidated basis in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect,
purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common
Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders
of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company,
directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common
Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities,
cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase
agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme
of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares
of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”),
then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have
been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without
regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor
or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate
Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for
which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on
the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted
to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock
in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable
manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given
any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same
choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at
the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction
(or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by
paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this
Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction
is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be
entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the
Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company
in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or
whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the
Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration
in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the Successor Entity (which
Successor Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value”
means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg
determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free
interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the
applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) the
30 day volatility, (2) the 100 day volatility or (3) the 365 day volatility, each of clauses (1)-(3) as obtained from the
HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public
announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation
shall be the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable
contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading
Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3(d) and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between
the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero
cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration)
within the later of (i) five Business Days of the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental
Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor
Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory
to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of
the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially
similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor
Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without
regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies
the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock
pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such
exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental
Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction,
the Successor Entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction,
each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead
to the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume
all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor
Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall
be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient
authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to
the Initial Exercise Date.
e) Calculations.
All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be
the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
f) Notice
to Holder.
i. Adjustment
to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly
deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number
of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice
to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the
Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the
Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection
with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all
or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities,
cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs
of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall
appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least three calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter
specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption,
rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to
such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification,
consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected
that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other
property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to
deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to
be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information
regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a
Current Report on Form 8-K. To the extent prior to the Termination Date, the Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant
during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise
be expressly set forth herein.
Section 4. Transfer
of Warrant.
a) Transferability.
This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part,
upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of
this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay
any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute
and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations
specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not
so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required
to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form
to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder
for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
b) New
Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company,
together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or
its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination,
the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance
with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be
identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant
Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant
Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder
of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other
purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
Section 5. Miscellaneous.
a) No
Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends
or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly
set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant
to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in
no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.
b) Loss,
Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c) Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.
d) Authorized
Shares.
The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number
of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further
covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the
necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action
as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation,
or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares
which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented
by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any
transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly
and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may
be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e) Jurisdiction.
All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance
with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.
f) Restrictions.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws. The Holder covenants and agrees
that it will not, during the period ending on the date that is four (4) months plus one (1) day after the date of issuance of
the Warrant evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, sell or otherwise effect a trade of the Warrant to any person resident in any province
or territory of Canada (collectively, the “Canadian Jurisdictions”) or any person acquiring such Warrant for the benefit of
another person resident in any Canadian Jurisdiction, other than in a transaction made in compliance with the prospectus and registration
requirements of applicable Canadian securities laws or which otherwise is made in reliance on any available exemptions therefrom (and
the Company or the Warrant Agent may require evidence of such compliance). The Holder further agrees and acknowledges that if the Warrant
evidenced by this Warrant Certificate is legally sold in any Canadian Jurisdiction, or to a resident of any Canadian Jurisdiction, within
four months after the date hereof, the Warrant and any replacement Warrant Certificate issued within four months after the date hereof
shall bear the following legend.
“UNLESS PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE
SECURITIES LEGISLATION, THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY MUST NOT TRADE THE SECURITY IN CANADA BEFORE _______________.”
g) Nonwaiver
and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this
Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results
in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and
expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder
in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
h) Notices.
Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in
accordance with the notice provisions of the Purchase Agreement.
i) Limitation
of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant
Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase
price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the
Company.
j) Remedies.
The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any
action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k) Successors
and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
l)
Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions
hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.
m) Severability.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
n) Headings.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.
********************
(Signature Page Follows)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
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golden minerals company |
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NOTICE OF EXERCISE
To: golden
minerals company
(1) The
undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised
in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment
shall take the form of (check applicable box):
¨ in lawful money of the United States;
or
¨ if permitted the cancellation of
such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with
respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).
(3) Please
issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
_______________________________
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following
DWAC Account Number:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]
Name of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________
Signature
of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: _________________________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________
Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________
EXHIBIT B
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this
form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced
thereby are hereby assigned to
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| Dated:
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EXHIBIT 4.9
EXHIBIT A-2
SERIES B COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT
golden
minerals company
| Warrant
Shares: _______ | Initial
Exercise Date: _______ |
| | Issue Date: _________ |
THIS SERIES B COMMON STOCK
PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the “Holder”)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after
________ (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on ______1
(the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Golden Minerals Company, a Delaware
corporation (the “Company”), up to the number of shares set forth above (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant
Shares”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise
Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1. Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:
“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business
Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee”
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.
“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities
may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
1 18 months from the date of issuance
“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Purchase
Agreement” means the securities purchase agreement, dated as of _________, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto,
as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.
“Registration
Statement” means the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-274403).
“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed
or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading
Day” means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.
“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York
Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transfer
Agent” means Computershare Trust Company, N.A., the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 350 Indiana
Street, Suite 750, Golden, Colorado 80401 and a facsimile number of (303) 262-0610, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“Warrants”
means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement
Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise
of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on
or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted
by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within
the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as
defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise
Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States
bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise.
No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of
any Notice of Exercise be required. The Company shall have no obligation to inquire with respect to or otherwise confirm the authenticity
of the signature(s) contained on any Notice of Exercise nor the authority of the person so executing such Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder
has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise
is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares
available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal
to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant
Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading
Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of
the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available
for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise
Price. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $____, subject to adjustment hereunder (the
“Exercise Price”).
c) Cashless
Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained
therein is not available for the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part,
at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares
equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
| (A) = | as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately
preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to
Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof
on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated
under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading
Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal
Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable
Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered
within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a
Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the
date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof
after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day; |
| (B) = | the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder;
and |
| (X) = | the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise
of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless
exercise. |
If
Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of
the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The
Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c), except to the extent required by applicable law, rules or
regulation.
“Bid Price”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York
City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price
of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not
then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a
similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock
so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) (based
on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the OTCQB Venture Market
(“OTCQB”) or the OTCQX Best Market (“OTCQX”) is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average
price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock
is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market
(“Pink Market”) operated by the OTC Markets, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions
of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market
value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Company and reasonably acceptable
to the Holders of a majority in interest of the warrants then outstanding, the reasonable fees and expenses of which shall be paid by
the Company.
d) Mechanics of Exercise.
i. Delivery
of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer
Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company
through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system
and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant
Shares by Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate,
registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which
the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise, in each case, by the
date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one
(1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising
the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery
Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder
of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant
Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier
of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery
of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise
by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each
$1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise),
$10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each
Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company
agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant
remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period,
expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on
the date of delivery of a duly executed Notice of Exercise.
ii. Delivery
of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and
upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing
the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects
be identical with this Warrant.
iii. Rescission
Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by
the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.
iv. Compensation
for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if
the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above
pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase
(in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver
in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”),
then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price
(including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying
(1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue
times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the
Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in
which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been
issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common
Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with
an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence
the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable
to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit
a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree
of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock
upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
v. No
Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this
Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall,
at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the
Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.
vi. Charges,
Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental
expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant
Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however,
that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for
exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as
a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all
Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another
established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.
vii. Closing
of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant,
pursuant to the terms hereof.
e) Holder’s
Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise
any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise
as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting
as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)),
would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence,
the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number
of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude
the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant
beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised
or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject
to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its
Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial
ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance
with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance
therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant
is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which
portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall
be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the
Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject
to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination.
In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of
the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the
number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the
Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement
by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common
Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in
writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common
Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the
Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported.
The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be [9.99/]4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding
immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice
to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial
Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect
to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall
continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such
notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in
strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective
or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable
to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.
Section 3. Certain
Adjustments.
a) Stock
Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes
a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of
Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this
Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way
of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of
shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction
of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before
such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the
number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this
Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the
record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately
after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
b) Subsequent
Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues
or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders
of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the
terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the
number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof,
including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant,
issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common
Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent
that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such
shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance
for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
c) Pro
Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution
of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including,
without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification,
corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after
the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent
that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete
exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership
Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as
of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided,
however, that, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding
the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in
the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution
shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder
exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
d) Fundamental
Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related
transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person (other than for the purpose of changing the
Company’s name and/or jurisdiction or incorporation of the Company), (ii) the Company (or any Subsidiary), directly or indirectly,
effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of assets constituting all or substantially all
of the Company’s assets on a consolidated basis in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect,
purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common
Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders
of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company,
directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common
Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities,
cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase
agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme
of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares
of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”),
then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have
been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without
regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor
or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate
Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for
which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on
the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted
to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock
in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable
manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given
any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same
choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at
the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction
(or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by
paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this
Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction
is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be
entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the
Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company
in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or
whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the
Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration
in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the Successor Entity (which
Successor Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value”
means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg
determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free
interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the
applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) the
30 day volatility, (2) the 100 day volatility or (3) the 365 day volatility, each of clauses (1)-(3) as obtained from the
HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public
announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation
shall be the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable
contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading
Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3(d) and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between
the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero
cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration)
within the later of (i) five Business Days of the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental
Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor
Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory
to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of
the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially
similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor
Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without
regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies
the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock
pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such
exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental
Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction,
the Successor Entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction,
each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead
to the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume
all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor
Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall
be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient
authorized shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to
the Initial Exercise Date.
e) Calculations.
All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For
purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be
the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
f) Notice
to Holder.
i. Adjustment
to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly
deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number
of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice
to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the
Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the
Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of
capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection
with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all
or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities,
cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs
of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall
appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least three calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter
specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption,
rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to
such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification,
consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected
that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other
property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to
deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to
be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information
regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a
Current Report on Form 8-K. To the extent prior to the Termination Date, the Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant
during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise
be expressly set forth herein.
Section 4. Transfer
of Warrant.
a) Transferability.
This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part,
upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of
this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay
any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute
and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations
specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not
so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required
to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall
surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form
to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder
for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
b) New
Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company,
together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or
its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination,
the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance
with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be
identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant
Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant
Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder
of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other
purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
Section 5. Miscellaneous.
a) No
Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends
or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly
set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant
to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in
no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.
b) Loss,
Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case
of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include
the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make
and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c) Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.
d) Authorized
Shares.
The Company covenants
that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number
of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further
covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the
necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action
as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation,
or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares
which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented
by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable
and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any
transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the
extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate
of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or
any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all
times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate
to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately
prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly
and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may
be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any
action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price,
the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory
body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e) Jurisdiction.
All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance
with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement.
f) Restrictions.
The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and the Holder does not
utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws. The Holder covenants and agrees
that it will not, during the period ending on the date that is four (4) months plus one (1) day after the date of issuance of
the Warrant evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, sell or otherwise effect a trade of the Warrant to any person resident in any province
or territory of Canada (collectively, the “Canadian Jurisdictions”) or any person acquiring such Warrant for the benefit of
another person resident in any Canadian Jurisdiction, other than in a transaction made in compliance with the prospectus and registration
requirements of applicable Canadian securities laws or which otherwise is made in reliance on any available exemptions therefrom (and
the Company or the Warrant Agent may require evidence of such compliance). The Holder further agrees and acknowledges that if the Warrant
evidenced by this Warrant Certificate is legally sold in any Canadian Jurisdiction, or to a resident of any Canadian Jurisdiction, within
four months after the date hereof, the Warrant and any replacement Warrant Certificate issued within four months after the date hereof
shall bear the following legend.
“UNLESS PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE
SECURITIES LEGISLATION, THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY MUST NOT TRADE THE SECURITY IN CANADA BEFORE _______________.”
g) Nonwaiver
and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as
a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this
Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results
in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and
expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder
in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
h) Notices.
Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in
accordance with the notice provisions of the Purchase Agreement.
i) Limitation
of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant
Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase
price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the
Company.
j) Remedies.
The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss
incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any
action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k) Successors
and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the
benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.
The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable
by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
l)
Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions
hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.
m) Severability.
Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law,
but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the
extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
n) Headings.
The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.
********************
(Signature Page Follows)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company
has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
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NOTICE OF EXERCISE
To: golden
minerals company
(1) The
undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised
in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment
shall take the form of (check applicable box):
¨ in lawful money of the United States;
or
¨ if permitted the cancellation of
such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with
respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).
(3) Please
issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
_______________________________
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following
DWAC Account Number:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
[SIGNATURE
OF HOLDER]
Name of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________
Signature
of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: _________________________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________
Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________
EXHIBIT B
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this
form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced
thereby are hereby assigned to
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Exhibit 5.1
October 25, 2023
Golden Minerals Company
350 Indiana Street, Suite 650
Golden, Colorado 80401
| Re: | Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 333-274403) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as legal counsel
to Golden Minerals Company, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the issuance and sale by the
Company of up to a maximum aggregate offering of up to $12,500,000 of: (i) shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common
Stock”), $0.01 par value per share (each, an “Initial Share”); (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase shares
of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”); (iii) common warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “Common
Warrants” and, together with the Pre-Funded Warrants, the “Warrants”); and (iv) shares of Common Stock underlying
the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares” and, together with the Initial Shares and Warrants, the “Offered Securities”).
The Offered Securities are included in a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”),
initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on September 7, 2023 (File No. 333-274403),
including the information deemed to be a part of the registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Act, (as amended, the “Registration
Statement”). The Offered Securities are being sold pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, the form of which was filed
as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”).
This opinion is being furnished
in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any
matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the
Offered Securities.
In rendering this opinion,
we have examined and relied on originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, corporate
records and other instruments, have made such inquiries as to questions of fact of officers and representatives of the Company, and have
made such examinations of law as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of giving the opinion expressed below. In such examination,
we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, and the conformity
with the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies.
We are members of the Bar
of the State of Colorado. Our examination of matters of law in connection with the opinions expressed herein has been limited to, and
accordingly our opinions herein are limited to, the laws of the State of Colorado, the Delaware General Corporation Law, including all
applicable provisions of the Delaware Constitution and reported judicial decisions interpreting such law, and the applicable laws of the
State of New York. We express no opinion with respect to the laws of any other jurisdiction or of any other law of the States of Delaware
and New York.
Based upon the foregoing and
subject to the limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that, as of the date hereof:
| 1. | The issue and sale of the Initial Shares has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of
the Company, and, when and to the extent that the Initial Shares are issued against payment therefor in accordance with the Registration
Statement and the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Initial Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. |
| 2. | When the Warrants have been issued by the Company against payment therefor in the circumstances contemplated
by the Securities Purchase Agreement, the issue and sale of the Warrants will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action
of the Company, and the Warrants will be legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance
with their terms. |
| 3. | When Warrant Shares have been duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar therefor
in the name or on behalf of the Warrant holders, and have been issued by the Company against payment therefor in the circumstances contemplated
by the Warrants, the issue of the Warrant Shares will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and
the Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. |
For purposes of our opinion,
we have assumed (i) that the aggregate number of Initial Shares issued does not exceed 6,000,000 and the aggregate number of Warrants
and corresponding Warrant Shares issued does not exceed 9,000,000, and (ii) that the purchase price of the Initial Shares and Warrant
Shares will be greater than the par value of the Company’s Common Stock.
With your consent, we have assumed that
the status of the Warrants as legally valid and binding obligations of the Company is not affected by any (i) breaches of, or defaults
under, agreements or instruments, (ii) violations of statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders, or (iii) failures
to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or make required registrations, declarations or filings with, governmental
authorities.
Our opinions are subject to: (i) the
effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, preference, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting
the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii) (a) the effect of general principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding
in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief), (b) concepts of materiality,
reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and (c) the discretion of the court before which a proceeding is brought; and (iii) the
invalidity under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of or contribution
to a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy. We express no opinion
as to (a) any provision for liquidated damages, default interest, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums or other
economic remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty; (b) consents to, or restrictions upon, governing
law, jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies, or judicial relief; (c) any provision requiring the payment of attorneys’
fees, where such payment is contrary to law or public policy; and (d) the severability, if invalid, of provisions to the foregoing
effect.
This opinion is for your benefit in
connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable
provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement, and to the
reference to our firm in the Registration Statement under the heading “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby
admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations
of the Commission thereunder.
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Very truly yours, |
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/s/ Davis Graham & Stubbs
LLP |
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Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP |
Exhibit 10.4
SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Securities Purchase
Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of October __, 2023, between Golden Minerals Company, a Delaware corporation
(the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors
and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).
WHEREAS, subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to (i) an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as
defined below), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase
from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION
of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which
are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:
ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS
1.1 Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings
set forth in this Section 1.1:
“Acquiring Person”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.
“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).
“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Agreement”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the first paragraph of this Agreement.
“BHCA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(ll).
“Board of Directors”
means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day”
means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by
law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required
by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee”
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.
“Canadian Transfer
Restriction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.2(h).
“Closing”
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.
“Closing Date”
means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and
all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s
obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2nd)
Trading Day following the date hereof.
“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common Stock”
means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter
be reclassified or changed.
“Common Stock Equivalents”
means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including,
without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
“Common Warrant
Shares” means, collectively, the Series A Warrant Shares and the Series B Warrant Shares.
“Common Warrants”
means, collectively, the Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants.
“Company”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the first paragraph of this Agreement.
“Company Counsel”
means Davis Graham & Stubbs LLP, with offices located at 1550 Seventeenth Street, Suite 500, Denver, Colorado 80202.
“Disclosure Schedules”
means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.
“Disclosure Time”
means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and before
midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date
hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight
(New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on
the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.
“DVP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.
“DWAC”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(a)(iv).
“EGS”
means Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, with offices located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105-0302.
“Environmental Laws”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).
“Evaluation Date”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(t).
“Exchange Act”
means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Exempt Issuance”
means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock
or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the
members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company; (b) securities
upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder, Warrants to the Placement Agent in connection with
the transactions pursuant to this Agreement and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common
Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date
of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of
such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities; (c) securities
issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided
that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights
that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.11(a) herein,
and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through
its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide
to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is
issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities and
(d) up to $_______ of Securities, including Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants issued to other purchasers pursuant
to the Prospectus concurrently with the Closing at the Per Share Purchase Price.
“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
“Federal Reserve”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(ll).
“GAAP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Hazardous Materials”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).
“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(bb).
“Intellectual Property
Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(q).
“Liens”
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.
“Material Adverse
Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).
“Material Permits”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).
“Mining Claims”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).
“Money Laundering
Laws” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(mm).
“OFAC”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(jj).
“Per Share Purchase
Price” equals $____, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other
similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement, provided that the purchase price per Pre-Funded
Warrant shall be the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.0001.
“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Placement Agent”
means H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC.
“Pre-Funded Warrant”
means, collectively, the pre-funded Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof,
which Pre-Funded Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and shall expire when exercised in full, in the form of Exhibit A-1
attached hereto.
“Pre-Funded Warrant
Shares” means the Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.
“Preliminary Prospectus”
means any preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement, as originally filed or as part of any amendment thereto, or
filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) of the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities
Act.
“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Prospectus”
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement, including all SEC Reports incorporated by reference therein.
“Prospectus Supplement”
means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission and
delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at or prior to the Closing, including all SEC Reports incorporated by reference therein.
“Purchaser”
or “Purchasers” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the first paragraph of this Agreement.
“Purchaser Party”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.
“Registration Statement”
means the effective Registration Statement on Form S-1 with Commission file No. 333-274403, which registers the sale of the
Securities to the Purchasers, including all SEC Reports incorporated by reference therein and any Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement.
“Required Approvals”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).
“Rule 144”
means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from
time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect
as such Rule.
“Rule 424”
means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from
time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect
as such Rule.
“Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement” means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional Securities, which was filed with
the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by the
Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.
“SEC Reports”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Securities”
means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.
“Securities Act”
means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Series A Warrants”
means, collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof,
which Common Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to five (5) years following the date of
issuance, in the form of Exhibit A-2 attached hereto.
“Series A Warrants”
means, collectively, the Series A Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof,
which Series A Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to five (5) years following the
date of issuance, in the form of Exhibit A-2 attached hereto.
“Series A Warrant
Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series A Warrants.
“Series B Warrants”
means, collectively, the Series B Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof,
which Series B Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to eighteen (18) months following the
date of issuance, in the form of Exhibit A-3 attached hereto.
“Series B Warrant
Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B Warrants.
“Shares”
means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.
“Short Sales”
means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to
include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).
“Subscription Amount”
means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares and Common Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below such
Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United
States dollars and in immediately available funds (minus, if applicable, a Purchaser’s aggregate exercise price of the Pre-Funded
Warrants, which amounts shall be paid as and when such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised).
“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect
subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Subsequent Financing”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11.
“Trading Day”
means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.
“Trading Market”
means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the
NYSE American, the Toronto Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the
New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents”
means this Agreement, the Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection
with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent”
means Computershare Trust Company, N.A., the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 350 Indiana Street, Suite 750,
Golden, Colorado 80401 and a facsimile number of (303) 262-0610, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“Variable Rate Transaction”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(b).
“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30
a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the OTCQB Venture Market (“OTCQB”)
or the OTCQX Best Market (“OTCQX”) is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock
for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted
for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the Pink Open Market operated by OTC Markets, Inc.
(or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common
Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Warrant Shares”
means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.
“Warrants”
means, collectively, Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants.
ARTICLE II.
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1 Closing.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally
and not jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $________ of Shares and Common Warrants; provided, however, that,
to the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser’s Affiliates,
and any Person acting as a group together with such Purchaser or any of such Purchaser’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in
excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing Shares such Purchaser
may elect to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of Shares in such manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price (including
the exercise price) being paid by such Purchaser to the Company. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99%
(or, at the election of the Purchaser at Closing, 9.99%) of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving
effect to the issuance of the Securities on the Closing Date. Each Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature
page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” settlement with the Company
or its designee. The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares and a Common Warrant (and, as applicable, Pre-Funded
Warrants) as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in
Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the
Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary,
if at any time on or after the time of execution of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through and including
the time immediately prior to the Closing (the “Pre-Settlement Period”), such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or
any portion, of the Shares to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the “Pre-Settlement Shares”),
such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to
be unconditionally bound to purchase, such Pre-Settlement Shares at the Closing; provided that the Company shall not be required
to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company’s receipt of the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement
Shares hereunder; and provided, further, that that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the forgoing
shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period such Purchaser
shall sell any shares of Common Stock to any Person and that any such decision to sell any shares of Common Stock by such Purchaser shall
solely be made at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, settlement
of the Shares shall occur via “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) (i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company
shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers’ names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s) at
the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver
such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer
to the Company). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants)
delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Closing Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time
of execution of this Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New
York City time) on the Closing Date and the Closing Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants)
for purposes hereunder. Each Purchaser acknowledges that, concurrently with the Closing and pursuant to the Prospectus, the Company may
sell up to $_______ of additional Securities to purchasers not party to this Agreement, and will issue to each such purchaser such additional
Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants in the same form and at the same Per Share Purchase Price.
2.2 Deliveries.
(a) On
or prior to the Closing Date (except as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:
(i) this
Agreement duly executed by the Company;
(ii) a
legal opinion of Company Counsel, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and Purchasers;
(iii) subject
to the seventh (7th) sentence of Section 2.1, the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s
wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;
(iv) subject
to the seventh (7th) sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing
the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”)
Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price (minus the number of shares of Common
Stock issuable upon exercise of such Purchaser’s Pre-Funded Warrants, if applicable), registered in the name of such Purchaser;
(v) a
Series A Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100% of
the sum of such Purchaser’s Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants Shares initially issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants,
if applicable, with an exercise price equal to $___, subject to adjustment therein;
(vi) a
Series B Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 50% of the
sum of such Purchaser’s Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants Shares initially issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants, if applicable,
with an exercise price equal to $___, subject to adjustment therein
(vii) for
each Purchaser of Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to Section 2.1, a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to
purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the portion of such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount applicable to Pre-Funded
Warrant divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, with an exercise price equal to $0.0001, subject to adjustment therein; and
(viii) the
Preliminary Prospectus and Prospectus (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
(b) On
or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:
(i) this
Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and
(ii) such
Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for DVP settlement with the Company.
2.3 Closing
Conditions.
(a) The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect,
in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific
date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);
(ii) all
obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
and
(iii) the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.
(b) The
respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect,
in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of
a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);
(ii) all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed
in all material respects;
(iii) the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;
(iv) there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and
(v) from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall
not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such
service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities
nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such
magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of
such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.
ARTICLE III.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations
and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part
hereof and shall qualify any representation or warranty made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section
of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:
(a) Subsidiaries.
All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Schedule 3.1(a). Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a),
the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any
Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable
and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.
(b) Organization
and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority
to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational
or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign
corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification
necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected
to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a
material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect
on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”)
and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail
such power and authority or qualification.
(c) Authorization;
Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The
execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and
no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith
other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been
(or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will
constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company by the Purchasers in accordance with its terms,
except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other
laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the
availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution
provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(d) No
Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which
it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby
do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles
of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event
that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties
or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments,
acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument
(evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by
which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict
with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or
governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations),
or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and
(iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Filings,
Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to,
or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in
connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings
required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus, (iii) application(s) to
each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby,
and (iv) any applicable filings under securities laws in Canada (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).
(f) Issuance
of the Securities; Registration. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable
Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company.
The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free
and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of
shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity
in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on ____, 2023, including the Prospectus,
and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective
under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or
preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to
the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission,
shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments
thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto
conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading (except to the extent superseded by subsequently filed SEC Reports); and the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and
Prospectus Supplement and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Preliminary Prospectus, Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement
or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the
requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading
(except to the extent superseded by subsequently filed SEC Reports).
(g) Capitalization.
The capitalization of the Company is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), which Schedule 3.1(g) shall also include
the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g),
the Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant
to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under
the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate
in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g) and a result of
the purchase and sale of the Securities, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments
of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or
giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts,
commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares
of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), the
issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities
to any Person (other than the Purchasers). Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), there are no outstanding securities or instruments
of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such
securities. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar
provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may
become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any “phantom stock” plans
or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding
shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. Except for the approval
of the NYSE American to list the Shares and Warrant Shares and the conditional approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange to list the Shares
and Warrant Shares, no further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance
and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s
capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.
(h) SEC
Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be
filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof,
for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material)
(the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Preliminary
Prospectus and the Prospectus, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has
received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As
of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange
Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading (except to the extent superseded by subsequently filed SEC Reports). The Company has never been
an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports
comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect
thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted
accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise
specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes
required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries
as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited
statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.
(i) Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within
the SEC Reports, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has
had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities
(contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent
with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP
or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company
has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any
agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any
officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company equity incentive plans. The Company does not have pending before
the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this
Agreement or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred
or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses,
prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable
securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one (1) Trading
Day prior to the date that this representation is made.
(j) Litigation.
Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(j), there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending
or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties
before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign)
(collectively, an “Action”). None of the Actions set forth on Schedule 3.1(j), (i) adversely affects or
challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there
were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary,
nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal
or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not
pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the
Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed
by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(k) Labor
Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company,
which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees
is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their
relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary,
is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary
information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third
party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability
with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local
and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours,
except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.
(l) Compliance.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been
waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company
or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit
agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not
such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other
governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority,
including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health
and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(m) Environmental
Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance
with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient
air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened
releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”)
into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport
or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments,
licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental
Laws”); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws
to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any
such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected
to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
(n) Regulatory
Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal,
state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted and as described
in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating
to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.
(o) Title
to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property (other than the Mining
Claims (as defined below)) owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the
business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens described in the Registration
Statement or Prospectus, (ii) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with
the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (iii) Liens for the payment of federal,
state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither
delinquent nor subject to penalties. Except for the Mining Claims, any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and
the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.
(p) Mining
Claims. All interests in material mining claims, concessions, exploitation or extraction rights or similar rights (the “Mining
Claims”) that are held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are or will be fairly and accurately described in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus in all material respects and are in good standing, are valid and enforceable, and are free and clear of
any material Liens or charges, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
(q) Intellectual
Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications,
service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights
necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to
so have could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”).
None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property
Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from
the date of this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements
included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate
or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as do not have or would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another
Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect
the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(r) Insurance.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in
such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not
limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires
or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
(s) Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(s), none of the officers or directors of the Company or
any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any
transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract,
agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to
or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director
or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial
interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment
of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other
employee benefits, including equity incentive agreements under any equity incentive plan of the Company.
(t) Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with any and all applicable
requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations
promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries
maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed
in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted
only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is
compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company
and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e))
for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed
by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the
time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently
filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most
recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in
the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that
have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company
and its Subsidiaries.
(u) Certain
Fees. Except as set forth in the Prospectus, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company
or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with
respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees
or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this 3.1(u) that may be due
in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
(v) Investment
Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be
or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The
Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(w) Registration
Rights. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(w), no Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the
registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.
(x) Listing
and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act,
and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating
such registration. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received
notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance
with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in
the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently
eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is
current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such
electronic transfer.
(y) Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable
any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar
anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state
of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their
obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s
issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.
(z) Disclosure.
Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms
that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information
that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus.
The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities
of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries,
their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and
correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the
statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees
that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than
those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.
(aa) No
Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2,
neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers
or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities
to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market
on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.
(bb) Solvency.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company
of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the
amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known
contingent liabilities) as they mature and (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry
on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital
requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof.
The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts
of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe
that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one (1) year
from the Closing Date. Schedule 3.1(bb) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of
the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness”
means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts and salaries and wages
payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect
of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the
notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary
course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized
in accordance with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.
(cc) Tax
Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and
all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has
paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns,
reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes
for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material
amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no
basis for any such claim.
(dd) Foreign
Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other
person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any corporate funds for unlawful
contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any
unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns
from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person
acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision
of the FCPA.
(ee) Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely
in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby.
The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity)
with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their
respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely
incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s
decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the
transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.
(ff) Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except
for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has
been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities
of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified
term after the date of this Agreement; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including,
without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement
transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and
counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may
have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with
or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The
Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during
the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Warrant Shares
deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of
the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted.
The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.
(gg) Regulation
M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly,
any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of,
any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other
securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection
with the placement of the Securities.
(hh) Stock
Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance
with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value
of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted
under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no
Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with,
the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results
or prospects.
(ii) Cybersecurity.
(i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s
information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees,
suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems
and Data”) that would require disclosure in the SEC Reports and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified
of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise
to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes
and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies
and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and
Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain
and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems
and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry
standards and practices.
(jj) Office
of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent,
employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign
Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).
(kk) U.S.
Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning
of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.
(ll) Bank
Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of
1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal
Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent
(5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of
a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and
to regulation by the Federal Reserve.
(mm) Money
Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance in all material
respects with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of
1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money
Laundering Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator
involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any
Subsidiary, threatened.
3.2 Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the
date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate
as of such date):
(a) Organization;
Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company
or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise
to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such
Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership,
limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a
party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute
the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as
limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application
affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance,
injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by
applicable law.
(b) Understandings
or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement
or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty
not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with
applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.
(c) Purchaser
Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on the Closing Date,
and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants, it will be an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1),
(a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12) or (a)(13) under the Securities Act.
(d) Experience
of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience
in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities,
and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the
Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.
(e) Access
to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits
and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary
of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities
and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition,
results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the
opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that
is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that
neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with
respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate
has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may
have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection
with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial
advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.
(f) Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has
any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or
sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first
received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material pricing
terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of
such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers
managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion
of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other
than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers,
directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of
all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions,
with respect to the identification of the availability of, locating of, or securing of, available shares to borrow in order to effect
Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
(g) Canadian
Private Placement. Purchaser acknowledges that the Securities have not been registered or qualified for distribution in any Province
or Territory of Canada, and are not eligible for resale in Canada for a period ending four (4) months and one (1) day from
the Closing Date (the “Canadian Transfer Restriction”). The Purchaser is acquiring the Securities for its own account
and not with a view toward, or for sale in connection with, any distribution thereof, or with any intention of distributing or selling
the Securities in any Province or Territory of Canada.
(h) Report
of Trade. The Purchaser acknowledges that the Company may be required to file a report with the Canadian securities commissions or
other securities regulatory authorities containing personal information about the Purchaser. This report will include the full name,
address and telephone number of the Purchaser, the number and type of securities purchased, the total purchase price paid for the securities,
the date of the closing and the exemption relied upon under applicable securities laws to complete such purchase.
(i) Canadian
Legends. The Purchaser acknowledges that the Securities are not being qualified pursuant to a prospectus for distribution to the
public in Canada under applicable Canadian securities laws and are not freely tradeable in any Province or Territory of Canada. Any certificate
representing the Securities (if issued prior to the day that is four (4) months and one(1) day after the Closing Date) will
bear, or if such Securities are entered into a direct registration or other electronic book-entry system then the Purchaser acknowledges
notice of such Securities being subject to, the legend set forth below until the day that is four months and a one day after the Closing
Date:
UNLESS PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE SECURITIES
LEGISLATION, THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY MUST NOT TRADE THE SECURITY IN CANADA BEFORE [INSERT THE DATE THAT IS 4 MONTHS AND A DAY
FROM THE CLOSING DATE].
In addition, the
certificates representing the Shares, and if issued before the day that is four (4) months and one (1) day after the Closing
Date, the Warrant Shares, will bear the following legend:
THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE
ARE LISTED ON THE TORONTO STOCK EXCHANGE (“TSX”); HOWEVER, THE SAID SECURITIES CANNOT BE TRADED THROUGH THE FACILITIES OF
THE TSX SINCE THEY ARE NOT FREELY TRANSFERABLE, AND CONSEQUENTLY ANY CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING SUCH SECURITIES IS NOT “GOOD DELIVERY”
IN SETTLEMENT OF TRANSACTIONS ON THE TSX.
Notwithstanding anything
herein to the contrary, the terms of this Agreement and the Warrants require the Company to deliver the Shares and Warrant Shares at
the Closing or upon exercise of the Warrants via the DWAC system and accordingly such Shares and Warrant Shares will have no restrictions
on resale on any facilities of the U.S. Trading Market
The Company acknowledges and agrees that the
representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s
representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document
or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby.
ARTICLE IV.
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1 Warrant
Shares. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the
issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to
any such exercise shall be issued free of all legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent
registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale
or resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement
is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available
for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company
to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Company
shall use best efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the issuance or resale of
the Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Warrants.
4.2 Furnishing
of Information. Until the earlier of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Warrants have expired,
the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports
required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the
reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.
4.3 Integration.
The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in
Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and
regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless
shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.
4.4 Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms
of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as
exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release,
the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any
of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or
agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality
or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective
officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, on the one hand, and any of
the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate and be no further force or effect. The Company understands
and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. The
Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated
hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without
the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser,
with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure
is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement
or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name
of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such
Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the
Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall
provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b) and reasonably cooperate with such Purchaser
regarding such disclosure.
4.5 Shareholder
Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser
is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution
under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser
could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents
or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.
4.6 Non-Public
Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting
on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes
constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented in writing to the receipt of such
information and agreed in writing with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each
Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company,
any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public
information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall
not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees,
Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of
their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, not to trade
on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To
the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding
the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously with the delivery of such notice file such notice with the Commission
pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing
covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.
4.7 Use
of Proceeds. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.7 attached hereto, the Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of
the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of
the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices),
(b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation
or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.
4.8 Indemnification
of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors,
officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person
holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning
of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents,
members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding
a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any
and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in
settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or
incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the
Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any
capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser
Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is based upon a breach of
such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings
such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws
or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which constitutes fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct or malfeasance). If any action shall
be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall
promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing
reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action
and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except
to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company
has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the
reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such
Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate
counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party
effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent,
but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations,
warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification
required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or
defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause
of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant
to law.
4.9 Reservation
of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at
all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue
Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.
4.10 Listing
of Common Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the
Common Stock on the Trading Markets on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list
or quote all of the Shares and the Warrant Shares on such Trading Markets and promptly use commercially reasonable best efforts to secure
the listing of all of the Shares and the Warrant Shares on such Trading Markets. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to
have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares,
and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading
Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its
Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all material respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations
under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic
transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment
of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.
4.11 Subsequent
Equity Sales.
(a) From
the date hereof until sixty (60) days after the Closing Date (the “Market Standstill”), neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary shall (i) issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common
Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or (ii) file any registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto, other than the
Prospectus or filing a registration statement on Form S-8 in connection with any employee benefit plan.
(b) From
the date hereof until the one-year anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an
agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination
of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which
the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include
the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other
price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the
initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being
reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent
events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or
effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or an “at-the-market offering”,
whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price regardless of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually
been issued and regardless of whether such agreement is subsequently canceled; provided, however, that, following the Market
Standstill, the entry into and/or issuance of shares of Common Stock in an “at the market” offering with the Placement Agent
as sales agent shall not be deemed a Variable Rate Transaction. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the
Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.
(c) Notwithstanding
the foregoing, this Section 4.11 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance or any Subsequent Financing set forth on Schedule
4.11.
4.12 Equal
Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of this Agreement) shall be offered or paid to any Person to
amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also offered to all
of the parties to this Agreement. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by
the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall
not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of
Securities or otherwise.
4.13 Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it
nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short
Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time
that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described
in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described
in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information
included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to
the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant
hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser
shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities
laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial
press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade
in the securities of the Company to the Company or its Subsidiaries, after the issuance of the initial press release as described in
Section 4.4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby
separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge
of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set
forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision
to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.
4.14 Capital
Changes. Until the one (1) year anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock
split or reclassification of the Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Purchasers holding a majority in interest of the
Shares other than a reverse stock split that is required, in the good faith determination of the Board of Directors, to maintain the
listing of the Common Stock on the Trading Market.
4.15 Exercise
Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers
in order to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers
to exercise their Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall
any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise
the Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions
and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.
4.16 Resale
Restrictions. Each Purchaser covenants and agrees that it will not, during the period ending on the date that is four (4) months
plus one (1) day after the Closing Date, sell or otherwise effect a trade of any of the Shares or Warrants held by such Purchaser,
or any Warrant Shares issued to such Purchaser upon exercise of Warrants, to any person resident in Canada or any person acquiring such
Shares or Warrants or Warrant Shares for the benefit of another person resident in Canada, other than in a transaction made in compliance
with the prospectus and registration requirements of applicable Canadian securities laws or which otherwise is made in reliance on any
available exemptions therefrom. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, a sale of Shares or Warrant Shares through the facilities
of any U.S. Trading Market shall be deemed to be in compliance with this Section 4.16.
ARTICLE V.
MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Termination.
This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever
on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been
consummated on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided, however, that no such
termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).
5.2 Fees
and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses
of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation,
preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without
limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered
by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.
5.3 Entire
Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus,
contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements
and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents,
exhibits and schedules.
5.4 Notices.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall
be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via
email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York
City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day
or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the
date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom
such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached
hereto.
5.5 Amendments;
Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in
the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 50.1% in interest of the sum of the Shares and Pre-Funded
Warrant Shares initially issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants on the Closing Date based on the initial Subscription Amounts
hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and each Purchaser) or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement
of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely
impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall
also be required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed
to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement
hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.
Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser
relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected
Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities
and the Company.
5.6 Headings.
The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any
of the provisions hereof.
5.7 Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser
(other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns
or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities,
by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”
5.8 No
Third-Party Beneficiaries. The Placement Agent shall be the third-party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the
Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended
for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any
provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.
5.9 Governing
Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed
by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts
of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates,
directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts
sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts
sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with
any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents),
and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the
jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Action or Proceeding.
Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding
by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address
in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process
and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted
by law. If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition
to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the
non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation
and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.
5.10 Survival.
The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities for the applicable statute
of limitations.
5.11 Execution.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement
and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that
the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf”
format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature
is executed) with the same force and effect as if such “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.
5.12 Severability.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force
and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts
to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision,
covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or
unenforceable.
5.13 Rescission
and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any
of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document
and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind
or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in
whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that in the case of a rescission
of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded
exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and
the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance
of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).
5.14 Replacement
of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall
issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of
and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company
of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable
third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.
5.15 Remedies.
In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers
and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may
not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and
hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law
would be adequate.
5.16 Payment
Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a
Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or
any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or
are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including,
without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such
restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect
as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.
5.17 Independent
Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several
and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance
of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document,
and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association,
a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group
with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently
protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction
Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose.
Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For
reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through
EGS. EGS does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers
with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so
by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction
Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between
and among the Purchasers.
5.18 Liquidated
Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the
Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to
which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.
5.19 Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for
the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may
be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
5.20 Construction.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents
and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party
shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference
to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits,
stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
5.21 WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES
EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY
AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.
(Signature Pages Follow)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first
indicated above.
| golden minerals company |
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Address for Notice: |
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| By: |
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Name: |
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E-Mail: |
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Title: |
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| With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice): |
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[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]
[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO aumn
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned
have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated
above.
Name of Purchaser: ________________________________________________________
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:
_________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________
Email Address of Authorized Signatory:_________________________________________
Address for Notice to Purchaser:
Address for Delivery of Warrants to Purchaser (if not same as address
for notice):
Subscription Amount: $_________________
Shares: _________________
Pre-Funded Warrant Shares: _________________ Beneficial Ownership
Blocker o 4.99% or o 9.99%
Series A Warrant Shares: __________________ Beneficial Ownership
Blocker o 4.99% or o 9.99%
Series B Warrant Shares: __________________ Beneficial Ownership
Blocker o 4.99% or o 9.99%
EIN Number: _______________________
¨
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the
above-signed to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the
obligations of the Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall
be disregarded, (ii) the Closing shall occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement
and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above)
that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price
(as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed
(as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party
on the Closing Date.
[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]
Exhibit 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference
in this amended Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Golden Minerals Company and subsidiaries of our report dated March 22, 2023, relating
to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in Golden Minerals Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2022. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.
| |
ArmaninoLLP |
| |
Dallas, Texas |
October 25, 2023
Exhibit 23.5
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference
in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Golden Minerals Company and its subsidiaries of our report dated March 23, 2022, relating
to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in Golden Minerals Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2021. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
Denver, Colorado
October 25, 2023
Exhibit 23.6
CONSENT OF MATTHEW BOOTH
I hereby consent
to the references to my name as a "qualified person" and to the incorporation by reference of any mineral resource and other
analyses performed by me on behalf of Golden Minerals Company (the "Company"), which are set forth in the Company' s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the "Registration
Statement") or in any amendment to the foregoing, or to any prospectuses or an1endments or supplements thereto.
| Date: October 24, 2023 |
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| |
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| /s/ Matthew Booth |
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| Matthew Booth |
|
Exhibit 107
Calculation of Filing Fee Tables
S-1
(Form Type)
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Table 1: Newly Registered Securities
| |
Security
Type |
|
Security
Class Title |
|
Fee
Calculation Rule |
|
Amount
Registered |
|
Proposed
Maximum Offering
Price Per Share |
|
|
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price(1)(2) |
|
Fee
Rate |
|
Amount
of
Registration Fee |
|
| Fees to Be Paid |
Equity |
|
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
per share |
|
Rule 457(o) |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
5,000,000 |
(3) |
$147.60 per $1,000,000 |
|
$ |
738.00 |
|
| |
Equity |
|
Pre-Funded Warrants |
|
Rule 457(g) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(included in the above) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
| |
Equity |
|
Series A Warrants |
|
Rule 457(g) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
| |
Equity |
|
Series B Warrants |
|
Rule 457(g) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
| |
Equity |
|
Common Stock underlying Pre-Funded
Warrants |
|
Rule 457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(included in the above) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
| |
Equity |
|
Common Stock
underlying Series A Warrants |
|
Rule 457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
5,000,000 |
|
$147.60 per $1,000,000 |
|
$ |
738.00 |
|
| |
Equity |
|
Common Stock underlying Series B Warrants |
|
Rule 457(o) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2,500,000 |
|
$147.60 per $1,000,000 |
|
$ |
369.00 |
|
| |
|
|
Total Offering Amounts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
12,500,000 |
|
|
|
$ |
1,845.00 |
|
| |
|
|
Total Fee Offsets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
- |
|
| |
|
|
Net Fee Due |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,845.00 |
|
(1) Estimated
solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the “Securities Act”).
(2) Pursuant to
Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act, this registration statement shall also cover any additional shares of the registrant’s securities
that become issuable by reason of any share splits, share dividends or similar transactions.
(3) The proposed
maximum aggregate offering price of the common stock proposed to be sold in the offering will be reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis
based on the offering price of any pre-funded warrants sold in the offering, and, as such, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price
of the common stock and pre-funded warrants (including the common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants), if any, is
$5,000,000.
(4) Pursuant to
Rule 457(g) of the Securities Act, no separate registration fee is required for the warrants because the warrants are being registered
in the same registration statement as the common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants.
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