CAPC

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number 000-28831

CAPSTONE COMPANIES, INC.

(Exact name of small business issuer as specified in its charter)

431 Fairway Drive, Suite 200

Deerfield Beach, Florida 33441

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(954) 252-3440

(Small business issuer’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

COMMON STOCK, $0.0001 PAR VALUE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large, accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large, accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “emerging growth company” and “smaller reporting Company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting Company ☒ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell Company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes☐ No ☒

As of June 30, 2022, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of our common stock issued and outstanding, other than shares held by persons who may be deemed affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing sales price for the common stock on June 30, 2022, as reported on the OTC QB Venture Market, was $3,625,952. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Number of estimated shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock as of March 22, 2023 is 48,826,864

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

DEFINITIONS:

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following terms have the stated meaning or meanings:

We may use “FY” to mean “fiscal year” and “Q or QTR” to mean fiscal quarter in this Report.

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-K report contains “forward-looking statements”. Those statements appear in a number of places in this Form 10-K report and include, without limitation, statements regarding the intent, belief and current expectations of the Company, its directors or its officers, with respect to: Company’s future business and financial prospects; the commercialization of new products; the Company’s policies regarding investments, dispositions, financings, conflicts of interest and other matters; and trends affecting the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Forward looking statements include words like “expect,” “anticipate,” “hope,” “project,” “may,” “should,” “could,” or similar words or variants thereof. Any forward-looking statement is not a guarantee of future performance and involves several risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those results implied in the forward-looking statement as a result of various factors, some factors being beyond the Company’s control or ability to foresee. Among the factors that could cause plans, actions and results to differ materially from current expectations are, without limitation: disruption from natural or human causes, including severe weather, accidents, fires, earthquakes, terrorist acts and epidemic or pandemic diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which pandemic could result and has resulted in delays or suspension of product production from Thailand and China or other regions, where our products are made, or otherwise dampen consumer demand for products like our products, which are a discretionary purchase. The accompanying information contained in this Form 10-K report, including the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition” and “Risk Factors” identifies other important factors that could cause such differences. With respect to any forward-looking statement that includes a statement of its underlying assumptions or bases, the Company cautions that, while it believes such assumptions or bases to be reasonable and has formed them in good faith, assumed facts or bases almost always vary from actual results, and the differences between assumed facts or bases and actual results can be significant or “material” depending on the circumstances. When, in any forward-looking statement, the Company, or its management, expresses an expectation or belief as to future results, that expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and is believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the stated expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. Further, the Company is a “penny stock” company with no primary market makers. Such a status makes highly risky any investment in the Company securities. See “Risk Factors” below. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K report are made as of the date hereof, and, unless required by law or regulation, we do not assume any obligation to update, amend or clarify them to reflect events, new information or circumstances occurring after the date hereof.

You should read this Form 10-K report and the documents that we may reference in this Form 10-K report and have filed with the SEC, with the understanding that our actual future results, performance, and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

 PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

Capstone Companies, Inc. (“Company” or “CAPC”) is a public holding company, that on March 25, 2004, organized under the laws of the State of Florida. The Company is a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of consumer inspired products that simplify daily living through technology. Over the past decade, the Company’s various product lines have been distributed globally including consumer markets in Australia, Japan, Korea, North America, South America, and the United Kingdom. The primary operating subsidiary is Capstone Industries, Inc. (“Capstone”), a Florida corporation located at the principal executive offices of the Company. Capstone International Hong Kong, Ltd., or “CIHK”, was established to expand the Company’s product development, engineering, and factory resource capabilities. With the 2021 shift of manufacturing to Thailand from China, the CIHK operation was downsized and put in dormant status in March 2022.

The Company’s focus through 2017 was the integration of LEDs into most commonly used consumer lighting products in today’s home. Over the last few years there has been significant LED price erosion, which has commoditized LED consumer products. The LED category has matured and is no longer the innovative “must have” consumer product as in previous years, as such, revenues for the LED product line have declined significantly in 2022. The Connected Surfaces is the Company’s effort to establish business in an emerging segment that is intended for future revenue growth. The smart home segment is the umbrella category in which we intend to participate with the Connected Surfaces program.

In late 2017, as management recognized that the LED category was maturing, it sought a business opportunity that would transition the Company’s revenue streams to an emerging new product category. While we currently continue to supply LED products on a limited basis, our strategic plan to develop and launch new innovative product lines, like Connected Surfaces’ Smart Mirrors, is believed to be essential for sustaining or growing revenues. However, we were unable to establish the Connected Surfaces’ Smart Mirrors as a product line to replace the LED product line and provide revenues sufficient to fully fund Company operations and overhead. The Smart Mirror product line continues to have limited sales in the first three months of 2023.

The Company began its foray into the electronics industry in 2019 with its Connected Surfaces initiative. We decided to enter the market as we identified the smart home category to be emerging with strong long-term growth potential. The Connected Surfaces portfolio is designed to tap into consumer’s ever-expanding Internet of Things, wireless connected lifestyles prevalent today. The Smart Mirrors have both touch and remote control interfacing and it’s casting capabilities offer voice control through one’s smartphone. Full access to the internet and an operating system capable of running downloadable applications makes the smart mirror customizable to one’s usage preferences. The average selling prices are comparable to that of tablets and smartphones, retailing between $799 - $999 per unit, with the goal to deliver cost-attractive products and consumer value to mainstream America. Whereas, during the day your smartphone/tablet keeps you connected, whether it is work or personal, now when entering your home, Capstone’s new Connected Surfaces products are intended to enable users the same level of connectivity in a more relaxed manner that does not require being tethered to these devices.

The Company will require third party funding to cover operating overhead and to resume efforts to fund its marketing   and product launch campaigns. The future growth will be directly impacted by the level of exposure, messaging and distribution capabilities. Certain members of the Company’s management (“Corporate Insiders and Directors”) have provided short-term funding from time to time to support the Company’s basic operational funding needs, but there is no guarantee that this funding will continue or be adequate to fund operations or Connected Surfaces program marketing and inventory as well as possible enhancements in functions demanded by the consumers. The Company will require third party funding to sustain basic operations and continue efforts to market the Connected Surfaces’ Smart Mirror product line.

The Company has historically competed in highly competitive consumer market channels that can be affected by volatility from a number of general business and economic factors such as, consumer confidence, employment levels, credit availability, commodity costs and the recovery from the global pandemic. As stated earlier, and based on historical trends, the markets for LED home products have matured and growth within the category will continue to decline as markets are saturated. For these reasons, our focus is directed to the expansion and advancement of the Company’s Connected Surfaces initiative. As planned, in 2022 we began to exit the LED industry. Connected Surfaces Smart Mirrors program is intended to replace the LED product lines as the Company’s primary business line and its success is critical to the Company’s business and financial performance in the future. 

By working overseas with alternate manufacturers located outside China, particularly in Thailand, we anticipated minimal impact to our selling prices and related margins of profit that could otherwise be impacted by an ongoing trade dispute between the United States and China. Political unrest in Thailand in late 2020 and early 2021 did not affect our original equipment manufacturing (“OEM”) activities, however the transportation/logistics costs have escalated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but we are beginning to see more stability as we are able to book freight without the surcharges imposed by container shortages experienced during 2021 and 2022.

While the Company announced the plan to launch its ecommerce initiative in March 2021, that effort was continually delayed because the COVID-19 pandemic forced factory closures overseas and inventories planned for Q3 2021 sales were shipped in December 2021, which pushed the formal product launch into January 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic and transitioning to Thailand OEM’s as well as to be expected delays in developing an acceptable new product essentially delayed our launch of the Smart Mirror product line by a year into 2022, which combined with declining LED product sales, has adversely impacted the Company’s business and financial performance. The initial inventory that arrived in our fulfilment center in the United States at the end of Q4 2021 was damaged by the logistics company. We filed an insurance claim and were compensated for the damaged inventory during 2022, however, incurred significant delays in our initial Smart Mirror product launch.

Beginning in 2020, the Company substantially expanded its investment and commitment to social media marketing year over year. The Company was disappointed with the 2022 results of the e-commerce efforts equating to high customer acquisition costs for a low level of sales. Since the Company was new to e-commerce and social media marketing, the cost of developing an effective e-commerce program and social media marketing was greater than anticipated by the Company.

The Company oversees and controls the manufacturing of its products, which are currently made in Thailand and China by OEM contract manufacturers. To support the e-commerce model for 2022, we transitioned inventories into warehouse facilities stateside for direct-to-consumer fulfillment. When introducing the Connected Surfaces program to Big Box retailers as planned in the first half of 2023, the Company will resume its direct import model. At that time, the Company’s products will be built to order for specific promotional periods and will not require replenishment domestically.

As of today, all of the Company’s retail sales are made on an order-by-order basis, rather than through long-term sales contracts. As such, the nature of the Company’s business did not provide visibility of material forward-looking information from its customers and suppliers beyond a few months.

The Company started to actively market and sell the Smart Mirror product line in March 2022, which is the first introduction within the Capstone Connected Surfaces program. The initial marketing launch was at the Consumer Electronics Show in early 2020 but its release to the retail market was delayed due to product development delays at our suppliers and other related approval and certification delays resulting from the impact of COVID-19, which impact was mainly limitations on staff work and staffing causing delays in completion of work and backlogs in work at suppliers and certification or regulatory organizations. The Company commenced production after a long awaited FCC approval. This review process, which historically has taken 4-5 weeks, was delayed continuously and was finalized after 5 months of delays. These are not unfamiliar steps to management, as all our products are subject to

most of the same approval processes; however, we do not control the speed at which the testing companies advance. and as a result of the pandemic and shift to decentralized operations the delays were unforeseen. Our first 1,000 Smart Mirrors were shipped and arrived in January 2022 at our fulfillment center. These inventories were originally expected in Q2 2021. We air-freighted initial inventories to the U.S. so that we could activate our e-commerce program and fulfill orders immediately. The inventories were partially damaged in transit causing a 30 day delay on the contracted receipt date. The full 1,000 Smart Mirror inventory was available for e-commerce sales in March 2022.

Our business operations and financial performance for the year ended December 31, 2022 were significantly and adversely impacted by the long term impacts of the global pandemic as well as our shortage of e-commerce industry expertise. When the global pandemic restrictions gradually lifted during 2022, the consumer’s buying habits had been altered. After stocking up on home goods, home improvements and electronics during the stay at home orders, once those orders were lifted, consumers chose to spend their money on things to do versus things to have. This change in consumer spending on activities versus goods negatively impacted the 2022 launch of the Smart Mirror significantly. Sales of the Smart Mirror severely underperformed management’s expectations, generating approximately $74,000 in net sales for an approximate 105 units sold. In addition to the change in consumer spending, the Company changed its marketing course in late 2021 and 2022 by moving away from the Big Box retailers and put all of its marketing effort into the e-commerce marketing industry. The Company’s first parlay into e-commerce proved to be very costly and a difficult market to secure customer acquisition with the Company spending approximately $285,000 in 2022 on social media, advertising and trade shows, and increase of $260,000 over the prior year. The Company has decided to re-focus their marketing strategy in 2023 and move back to brick and mortar and Big Box retailers, which was their core strength with the Lighting Products and which they feel they could replicate with the Connected Surfaces product lines. Management has spent Q1 2023 actively marketing the Connected Surfaces product lines to brick-and-mortar retailers while maintaining their e-commerce presence. As of the date of this filing of the Form 10-K, we have not produced any orders from Big Box retailers and there can be no assurance that it will succeed in establishing a revenue stream that is able to sustain the Company’s operations.

Our Growth Strategy

The Company’s looking forward strategy requires continued expansion of its product development and engineering, manufacturing base marketing and distribution of a broadened portfolio of consumer electronic products. Subject to adequate funding and cash flow from Smart Mirrors product line, the Company will pursue new revenue opportunities through the introduction and expansion of its “Connected Surfaces” portfolio into alternate distribution channels including e-commerce and others that the Company has not previously focused on. The Company also intends to leverage its existing valuable customer base and strong relationships to achieve organic growth initiatives within this new category. These efforts will depend on having adequate working capital from funding and cash flow from product sales. We have not achieved such adequate funding as of the date of the filing of this Form 10-K and we may be unable to achieve sufficient working capital when and, in the amounts, required to meet operational needs and overhead. The lack of adequate, timely and affordable funding may undermine the efforts of. the Company to establish a revenue stream from the Smart Mirrors product line and efforts to sustain Company operations.

The Company competes in competitive consumer market channels that can be affected by volatility from a number of general business and economic factors such as, consumer confidence, employment levels, credit availability and commodity costs. Demand for the Company’s products is highly dependent on economic drivers such as consumer spending and discretionary income. Since the Company produces products, both LED lighting and Smart Mirrors, that are discretionary purchases of consumers and not necessities, general and regional economic conditions affect consumer confidence which in turn usually affects the willingness of consumers to purchase Company products. The Company has been unable to sell any significant number of Smart Mirrors in 2022 and the lack of sales has continued into the first fiscal quarter of 2023.

While COVID-19 pandemic spikes have impacted full functioning of overseas factories, which delayed shipments of Smart Mirrors, the Company has been unable to sell its available inventory of Smart Mirrors as of the date of the filing of this Form 10-K and that inability may reflect that the Smart Mirrors are not matching consumer preferences. While increased marketing may improve sales of Smart Mirrors, there can be no assurance that the Company can afford an extended, expanded marketing campaign or that an extended, expanded marketing campaign would significantly increase sales or consumer demand for Smart Mirrors.

Organic Growth Strategy

Subject to adequate funding and favorable cash flow from Connected Surfaces products, which has not been achieved, the Company intends to pursue various initiatives to execute its organic growth strategy, which is designed to enhance its market presence, expand its customer base and maintain its recognition as an industry leader in new product development. Key elements of our organic growth strategy include:

Connected Surfaces. Historically, LED lighting products have been our core business. The Capstone Lighting and Hoover Home LED brands, combined, have sold millions of LED lighting products over the recent years and consequently the Company holds a well-respected position in the retail lighting category. While consistently launching successful lighting programs, the Company determined that it needed to develop a new product line with greater profit margin potential than LED Lighting. The Company has refocused its development and marketing initiatives and is focused on developing the Connected Surfaces products as its primary business line to replace the LED lighting business, which is no longer being actively promoted by the Company due to gross margin reductions as a result of increased tariffs and declining consumer interest. The Company’s product roadmap outlines the plan for an additional product launch in 2023, branded Connected Chef, a kitchen utility item, and this will continue to expand as consumer product acceptance validates its innovations. The Company believes this program will leverage existing relationships with its current retail partners and collectively contribute organic growth for the Company. The ability of the Company to promote any of its Connected Surface products will depend on securing adequate, affordable and timely funding from lenders and investors. As of the date of the filing of this Form 10-K, the Company has not secured that funding, however a director/officer has been providing interim financing while other financing options are being considered.

The Company anticipates that smart homes will become more mainstream over the next several years based on increasing developments of smart home technologies and products and consumer purchases of smart home technologies and products and will present a significant, potential growth opportunity for the Company and its Connected Surfaces portfolio. While our Connected Surface products is aimed at the smart home market, we are also targeting the medical industry for a Smart Mirror to assist with the growing digital health services including but not limited to physical therapy, dermatology uses and home health care.

Perceived or Essential Strengths

Our Chief Executive Officer’s experience in hardline product manufacturing has prepared the Company for successful entries into various consumer product markets, especially its experience in using foreign OEMs to provide capabilities not possessed internally by our company.

Product Quality: Through a combination of sourcing quality components, stringent manufacturing quality control and conducting rigorous third-party testing, product quality has been a priority of the Company and essential to competing in competitive markets. To deliver cost-competitive products without compromising quality standards, we leverage purchasing volume and capitalize on strategic vendor relationships. This advantage has not been realized in 2022 with respect to the Smart Mirrors due to perceived changes in purchasing habits of consumers and resulting changes in buying habits of Company’s core retailer customer base.

Perceived Weaknesses

The Company does not possess the business, marketing, and financial resources of larger competitors or the brand recognition or international markets of some of the larger competitors. The declining financial performance of the Company due to discontinuation of the LED lighting product line has placed the Company in a weakened financial position, which in turn increases the need for working capital funding from investors or lenders. The Company lacks the hard assets for affordable, sufficient debt financing and the low market price of its Common Stock makes equity funding difficult in terms of finding suitable investors who will provide adequate, affordable, timely working capital funding.

The product launch of the Smart Mirrors did not meet projected sales forecasts for 2022. Customer acquisition costs of the e-commerce marketplace were high while producing low conversion into sales. In addition, the consumer’s buying habits were altered during the global pandemic. After stocking up on home goods, home improvements and electronics during the stay at home orders, once those orders were lifted, consumers chose to spend their money on things to do versus things to have. This change in consumer spending on activities versus goods negatively impacted the 2022 launch of the Smart Mirror significantly.

The plan to expand the Company’s product portfolio through Connected Surfaces involves the inherent risk of increased operating and marketing costs without a corresponding increase in operational revenues and profits. Expense categories including molds, prototyping, engineering, advertising, public relations, tradeshows and social media platforms will continue to be incurred for a period before revenues occur.

The Company does not have the large internal research and development capability of its larger competitors. Capstone operates with a limited number of employees whose functions are dedicated to executive management, sales and marketing or administrative support. The limited number of employees may hinder or delay the ability of the Company to identify or respond to consumer preferences or new technology developments in a product line. Hiring may be required with any growth and qualified personnel may not be readily available. We cannot match the compensation packages to prospective employees that many larger competitors may offer, and we lack the funding and other resources to change our operational model and its reliance on contractors for many functions and capabilities, including development, production, shipping, warehousing and distribution of products.

As a smaller reporting company, we are more vulnerable to events like COVID-19 pandemic, production and shipping delays, travel and operational disruptions and restrictions and an accelerated shift to e-commerce from reliance on brick-and-mortar retail sales. We lack the staff, money, internal capabilities and resources and operational experience to significantly or timely respond to significant challenges and adverse changes in business and financial requirements.

COVID-19 pandemic closures of companies and shipping-distribution channels produced a delay in shipping and receipt of products from abroad and in the United States. The problems include a lack of sufficient drivers for the trucking industry. The Company relies on OEM’s located in Thailand and China, which have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in meeting development, production and shipping deadlines. The extent of the continuing economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting logistical delays is uncertain as of the date of this Form 10-K report.

Capstone’s international purchases can become more expensive if the U.S. Dollar weakens against the foreign currencies. Should the increased U.S. tariffs imposed on Chinese manufactured goods remain it may increase the cost of electronic components used in our products.

While we have established new production capacity in Thailand, there is no final resolution of the U.S. / China trade dispute from which specific components are sourced. Developing a new, efficient OEM relationship in a new country takes time and effort to reach acceptable production efficiencies. We have only a short operational experience with Thai OEM’s and cannot predict long term effectiveness of the relationship.

The financial condition of the Company has included seeking a significant corporate transaction, including, without limitation, a possible merger and acquisition transaction or reorganization to sustain operations or to acquire a new business line that can support company operations. Like many companies, the Company conducts periodic strategic reviews where the feasibility of significant corporate transactions are considered, including mergers, asset purchases or sales and diversification or change in business lines. The Company lacks the financial resources of larger companies to withstand adverse, significant and sustained changes in business and financial condition. This vulnerability necessitates an ongoing consideration of alternatives to current operations. Due to the decline in financial performance of the Company since 2021, and the Company being in transition from a declining product line and not yet establishing a profitable product line, as well as the Company having its shares of Common Stock quoted on The OTC Markets Group, Inc. QB Venture Market, the Company may be unable to consummate a corporate transaction that sustains operations.

Products and Customers

While the Company is expanding its product portfolio through the introduction of the Capstone Connected Surfaces program, it still maintains a select number of LED lighting products under the “Capstone Lighting^®” brand available through Amazon and Wayfair e-commerce websites.

The product lines available as of the date of this Form 10-K report are as follows:

Connected Surfaces – Smart Mirrors:

Standard Rectangular

Wardrobe/Fitness Mirror

LED Lighting : Discontinued in 2023

The plan to expand the Company’s product portfolio through Connected Surfaces involves the inherent risk of increased operating and marketing costs without a corresponding increase in operational revenues and profits. Expense categories including molds, prototyping, engineering, advertising, public relations, tradeshows and social media platforms will continue to be incurred before shipments and related revenues occur. Promotion of the Connected Surfaces product line was hampered in 2022 by the lack of adequate, long-term funding and declining revenues from product sales.

Over the past ten years, the Company has established product distribution relationships with numerous leading international, national and regional retailers, including but not limited to: Amazon, Costco Wholesale, Sam’s Club-Walmart, the Container Store and Firefly Buys. These distribution channels may sell the Company’s products through the internet as well as through retail storefronts and catalogs/mail order. The Company believes it has developed the scale, manufacturing efficiencies, and design expertise that serves as the foundation for aggressive pursuit of niche product opportunities in our largest consumer domestic and international markets. While Capstone has traditionally generated the majority of its sales in the U.S. market, urbanization, rising family incomes and increased living standards abroad have spurred a perceived demand for small consumer appliances internationally. To capture this market opportunity, the Company has continued its international sales by leveraging relationships with our existing global retailers and by strengthening our international product offerings. The Company sold Capstone brand LED products to markets outside the U.S., including Australia, Japan, and South Korea. International sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $45 thousand or 13% of net revenue as compared to $341 thousand or 50% in fiscal 2021. The Company’s performance depends on a number of assumptions and factors. Critical to growth are the economic conditions in the markets that we serve, as well as success in the Company’s initiatives to distinguish its brands from competitors by design, quality, and scope of functions and new technology or features. Efforts to expand into new international markets may be adversely impacted in the near term by COVID-19 pandemic.

The Company’s products are subject to general economic conditions that impact discretionary consumer spending on non-essential items. Such continued progress depends on a number of assumptions and factors, including ones mentioned in “Risk Factors” below. Critical to growth are economic conditions in the markets that foster greater consumer spending as well as success in the Company’s initiatives to distinguish its brands from competitors by design, quality, and scope of functions and new technology or features. The Company’s ability to fund the pursuit of our goals remains a constant, significant factor.

Tariffs. The previous U.S. administration implemented certain tariffs that directly affected the Company’s competitiveness. While all companies in certain industries are affected equally, the appeal for these products to consumers was negatively impacted when retail prices increased due to higher duty rates. The Company has seen promotional schedules cut back and retailers have requested pricing adjustments that would not be known to them in advance to products being shipped. Capstone’s previous business model insulates the Company from paying duties as its retail partners are the importers of record. The obvious unknown is the final impact of tariffs to the landed costs. Accordingly, retailers have demonstrated caution in their promotional planning schedules and will continue to do so until the administration has clarified its position enabling importers to calculate estimated landed costs.

Tariffs and trade restrictions imposed by the previous U.S. administration provoked trade and tariff retaliation by other countries. A “trade dispute” of this nature or other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for our products, our costs, customers, suppliers and/or the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof and, thus, to adversely impact our businesses. As of the date of this Report, the new U.S. administration is currently reviewing its future position on this issue and there has not been a resolution of the Chinese-American trade dispute.

Sales and Marketing

We use direct sales by our Chief Executive Officer and sales agents to sell our products, which effort includes direct sales to Big Box retailers.

Our sales within the U.S. are primarily made by our in-house sales team and our independent sales agencies. Our independent sales agencies are paid a commission based upon sales made in their respective territories. Our sales agencies are recruited, trained and monitored by us directly. We will utilize an agency as needed to help us provide service to our retail customers as required. The sales agency agreements are generally one (1) year agreements, which automatically renew on an annual basis, unless terminated by either party on 30 days’ prior notice. Our international sales to divisions of U.S. based retailers are made by our in-house sales team.

The Company has historically promoted its products to retailers and distributors at North American trade shows, such as the Consumer Electronics Show (“CES”) or the International Hardware Show, but also relies on the retail sales channels to advertise its products directly to the end user consumers through various promotional activities. Subject to adequate working capital, this marketing effort will continue as a complement to the social media and e-commerce initiatives.

Direct Import Sales. We currently ship finished products directly to our retail customer from Thailand and China. The sales transaction and title of goods are completed by delivering products to the customers overseas shipping point. The customer takes title of the goods at that point and is responsible for inbound ocean freight and import duties. Direct import sales are made in larger quantities (generally container sized lots) to customers worldwide.

Domestic Sales. The strategy of selling products from a U.S. domestic warehouse enables the Company to provide timely delivery and serve as a domestic supplier of imported goods. With this model the Company imports goods from overseas and is responsible for all related costs including ocean freight, insurance, customs clearance, duties, storage, and distribution charges related to such products and therefore such sales command higher sales prices than direct sales. Domestic orders are for a much smaller size and could be as low as a single unit directly to the end consumer if ordered through an online website. To support an effective e-commerce business model, we will be required to warehouse adequate inventory levels enabling the Company to ship orders directly to the end consumer expediently.

Occasionally as part of the marketing program the Company may provide marketing allowances to the customer to ensure, that the retailer is not left with unsold inventories at the end of the program. As an accounting practice, depending on the item and its selling history, the Company will accrue a reserve for possible future markdowns and will retain these reserves for a period 3 to 5 years in the event the customer deducts such a promotional allowance against an open invoice or submits us an invoice. These reserves will be released if not used or needed by the retailer. These allowances are also evaluated when our relationship with a customer is terminated, or we cease selling a specific product to a customer. As of 2022, the Company reversed $81 thousand of promotional allowance accruals, recognizing miscellaneous income as of the year ended December 31, 2022, due to the discontinuation of the LED product line.

The United States is one of the largest consumers of technology-based products, particularly smart home products Currently there are in excess of 120+ million homes in the United States alone with fixed broadband subscriptions. Moreover, there are more than 300+ million smart phone users. These data points alone are indicative of the burgeoning growth potential which is driving investment into Smart Home Products and awareness. Household penetration for smart home devices in 2018 was approximately 7.5% and recent statistics for 2023 state as many as 46% of households as of the date of this filing have at least one smart home device.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had two customers who comprised approximately 71% of net revenue . Although we have long established relationships with our LED customers, we do not have contractual arrangements to purchase a fixed quantity of products annually. A decrease of business or a loss of any of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Starting in late 2021, we have utilized social media platforms and online advertising campaigns to further grow the Company’s online presence. In addition to Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest and LinkedIn, Capstone has launched a You Tube channel to host Smart Mirror videos and established a Twitter account. Our Social Media marketing has not resulted in any significant sales of products in 2022. We may not be able to effectively compete in e-commerce and Social Media marketing and sales. As such, in 2023 we are returning to marketing to the brick and mortar and Big Box retailers. The Company has a Social Media presence on the following Social Media platforms:

FACEBOOK¹: https://www.facebook.com/capstoneindustries and https://www.facebook.com/capstoneconnected

INSTAGRAM²: https://www.instagram.com/capstoneconnected

PINTEREST³: https://www.pinterest.com/capstoneconnected/

LINKEDIN⁴: https://www.linkedin.com/company/6251882

TWITTER⁵ https://twitter.com/CAPC_Capstone

YOUTUBE⁶ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMX5W8PV0Q59qoAdMxKcAig

¹ Facebook is a registered trademark of Facebook, Inc.

² Instagram is a registered trademark of Instagram.

³ Pinterest is a registered trademark of Pinterest.

⁴ LinkedIn is a registered trademark of LinkedIn Corporation.

⁵ Twitter is a registered trademark of Twitter Corporation.

⁶YouTube is a registered trademark of YouTube Corporation.

Competitive Conditions

The Company operates in a highly competitive environment, both in the United States and internationally, in the lighting and internet of things segments. The Company competes with large multinationals with global operations as well as numerous other smaller, specialized competitors who generally focus on narrower markets, products, or particular categories.

Other competitive factors include rapid technological changes, product availability, credit availability, speed of delivery, ability to tailor solutions to customer needs, quality and depth of product lines and training. Smart Mirrors and other Connected Surface products are an emerging industry, and the Company’s product line is innovative and does not require licensing of technologies, as the Connected Surfaces program is developed with open source resources. The Company is also under development of proprietary features that would further establish the Company as a market innovator. As such, applications have been filed. However, the Company may be unable to develop or license emerging new technologies that are dominant.

Research, Product Development, and Manufacturing Activities

The Company’s research and development operations based in Florida and Thailand design and engineer many of the Company’s products, with collaboration from its third-party manufacturing partners, software developers and Capstone U.S. engineering advisers. The Company outsources the manufacture and assembly of our products to a select group of OEM manufacturers overseas. Our research and development focus includes efforts to:

The Company establishes strict engineering specifications and product testing protocols with the Company’s contract manufacturers and ensure that their factories adhere to all Regional Labor and Social Compliance Laws. These contract manufacturers purchase components that we specify and provide the necessary facilities and labor to manufacture our products. We leverage the strength of the contract manufacturers and allocate the manufacturing of specific products to the contract manufacturer best suited to the task. Quality control and product testing is conducted at the contract manufacturers facility and at their 3^rd party testing laboratories overseas.

Capstone uses its proprietary manufacturing expertise by maintaining control over all outsourced production and critical production molds. To ensure the quality and consistency of the Company’s products manufactured overseas, Capstone uses globally recognized certified testing laboratories such as United Laboratories (UL) or Intertek (ETL) to ensure all products are designed and tested to adhere to each country’s individual regulatory standards. The Company also hires quality control inspectors who examine and test products to Capstone’s specification(s) before shipments are released.

To successfully implement Capstone’s business strategy, the Company must continually improve its current products and develop new product segments with innovative imbedded technologies to meet consumer’s growing expectations. The Connected Surfaces product development is our current effort to achieve those expectations. The continuation of Company’s declining business and financial performance may significantly hinder or undermine efforts to establish a profitable Connected Surface product line capable of sustaining operations. Establishing the Connected Surfaces product line as a viable revenue source is essential to sustaining the Company as a consumer product company. The Company will need adequate funding in 2023 to sustain that business line and operations. Investments in technical and product development are expensed when incurred and are included in the operating expenses.

Raw Materials

The principal raw materials currently used by Capstone are sourced in Thailand and China, as the Company orders product exclusively through contract manufacturers in the region. These contract manufacturers purchase components based on the Company’s specifications and provide the necessary facilities and labor to manufacture the Company’s products. Capstone allocates the production of specific products to the contract manufacturer the Company believes is more experienced to produce the specific product and whose facility is located in the country that most benefits from the U.S. Tariff regulations. To ensure the consistent quality of Capstone’s products, quality control procedures have been incorporated at each stage of the manufacturing process, ranging from the inspection of raw materials through production and delivery to the customer. These procedures are additional to the manufacturers’ internal quality control procedures and performed by Quality Assurance personnel.

Raw materials used in manufacturing include plastic resin, copper, LED bulbs, batteries, and corrugated paper. Prices of materials have remained competitive in the last year. The Company believes that adequate supplies of raw materials required for its operations are available at the present time. The Company cannot predict the future availability or prices of such materials. These raw materials are generally available from a number of different sources, and the prices of those raw materials are susceptible to currency fluctuations and price fluctuations due to transportation, government regulations, price controls, economic climate, or other unforeseen circumstances. In the past, the Company has not experienced any significant interruption in availability of raw materials. We believe we have extensive experience in manufacturing and have taken positions to assure supply and to protect margins on anticipated sales volume.

Section 1502 of Title XV of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires SEC-reporting companies to disclose annually whether any conflict minerals are necessary to the functionality or production of a product. Based on our inquiries to our manufacturers, we do not believe as of the date of such inquiries that any conflict minerals are used in making our products.

Distribution and Fulfillment

Since January 2015, the Company has outsourced its U.S. domestic warehousing and distribution needs to a third-party warehousing facility situated in Anaheim, California. The warehouse operator provides full inventory storage, packaging and logistics services including direct to store and direct to consumer shipping capabilities that electronically interface to our existing operations software. The warehouse operator provides full ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), Inventory Control and Warehouse Management Systems.

These fulfillment services can be expanded to the east coast in Charleston, South Carolina, if the Company needed to establish an east coast distribution point. This relationship, if required, will allow us to fully expand our U.S. distribution capabilities and services. As the Company transitions into the e-commerce and direct to consumer marketplace, the Company has developed a new website with full shopping cart capabilities. To complete this project the Company has negotiated contracts for secured credit card processing capability, state sales tax compliance services and order fulfillment and logistics services, at a very competitive rate.

Seasonality

In general, sales for household products and electronics are seasonally influenced. Certain gift products cause consumers to increase purchases during key holiday winter season of the fourth quarter, which requires increases in retailer inventories during the third quarter. In addition, natural disasters such as hurricanes and tornadoes can create conditions that drive increased needs for portable power and power failure light sales. Climate change may increase the number and severity of hurricanes, tornadoes and flooding. Historically, the lighting products had lower sales during the first quarter due to the Chinese New Year holiday as factories are closed and shipments are halted during this period. Our transition to Thailand manufacturers may reduce the impact of Chinese New Year holiday.

We do not have sufficient operational experience with Connected Surfaces to predict the seasonality of Connected Surfaces.

Intellectual Property

CAPC owns a number of patents and trademarks as denoted below:

While the Company may license third party technologies for its products, or may rely on other companies, especially OEMs, for design, engineering and testing, the Company believes that its oversight of design and function of its products and its marketing capabilities are significant factors in the ability of the Company to sell its products.

Value of Patents

The actual protection afforded by a patent, which can vary from country to country, depends upon the type of patent, the scope of its coverage and the availability of legal remedies in the country. Issued patents or patents based on pending patent applications or any future patent applications may not exclude competitors or may not provide a competitive advantage to us. In addition, patents issued or licensed to us may not be held valid if subsequently challenged and others may claim rights in or ownership of such patents. The validity and breadth of claims in technology patents involve complex legal and factual questions and, therefore, the extent of their enforceability and protection is highly uncertain.

Reverse engineering, unauthorized copying or other misappropriation of our technologies could enable third parties to benefit from our technologies without paying us. We cannot assure shareholders that our competitors have not developed or will not develop similar products, will not duplicate our products, or will not design around any patents issued to or licensed by us. We will assess any loss of these rights and determine whether to litigate to protect our intellectual property rights on a case by case basis.

We rely on trademark, trade secret, patent, and copyright laws to protect our intellectual property rights. We cannot be sure that these intellectual property rights will be effectively utilized or, if necessary, successfully asserted. There is a risk that we will not be able to obtain and perfect our own intellectual property rights, or, where appropriate, license intellectual property rights from others to support new product introductions. There can be no assurance that we can acquire licenses under patents belonging to others for technology potentially useful or necessary to us and there can be no assurance that such licenses will be available to us, if at all, on terms acceptable to us. Moreover, there can be no assurance that any patent issued to or licensed by us will not be infringed or circumvented by others or will not be successfully challenged by others in lawsuits. We do not have a reserve for litigation costs associated with intellectual property matters. The cost of litigating intellectual property rights claims may be beyond our financial ability to fund.

As is customary in the retail industry, many of our customer agreements require us to indemnify our customers for third-party intellectual property infringement claims. Such claims could harm our relationships with customers and might deter future customers from doing business with us. With respect to any intellectual property rights claims against us or our customers, we may be required to cease manufacture of the infringing product, pay damages and expend significant Company resources to defend against the claim and or seek a license.

Information Technology

The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our information technology systems. We rely on those systems to manage our daily operations, communicate with our customers and maintain our financial and accounting records. In the normal course of business, we receive information regarding customers, associates, and vendors. Since we do not collect significant amounts of valuable personal data or sensitive business data from others, our internal computer systems are under a light to moderate level of risk from hackers or other individuals with malicious intent to gain unauthorized access to our computer systems. Cyberattacks are growing in number and sophistication and are an ongoing threat to business computer systems, which are used to operate the business on a day to day basis. Our computer systems could be vulnerable to security breaches, computer viruses, or other events. The failure of our information technology systems, our inability to successfully maintain our information or any compromise of the integrity or security of the data we generate from our systems or an event resulting in the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or degradation of services provided by critical business systems, whether by us directly or our third-party service providers, could adversely affect our business operations, sales, reputation with current and potential customers, associates or vendors, results of operations, product development and make us unable or limit our ability to respond to customers’ demands.

We have incorporated into our data network various on and off-site data backup processes which should allow us to mitigate any data loss events, however our information technology systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from:

Environmental Regulations

We believe that the Company is in compliance with environmental protection regulations and will not have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations. The Company is not aware of any national, state or local environmental laws or regulations that will materially affect our earnings or competitive position or result in material capital expenditures. However, the Company cannot predict the effect on our operations due to possible future environmental legislation or regulations. During 2022, there were no material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities and no such material expenditures are anticipated.

Employees

As of December 31, 2022, we employed 3 employees in our U.S. office and maintain consulting agreements with 4 individuals, 2 of which resided in Hong Kong, formerly employees of our Hong Kong operation. We consider our relations with our employees to be good. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that our staff is adequate to handle the current operations, but we recognize that the new product line and social media marketing may require additional personnel. Our ability to hire additional personnel is subject to adequate revenue flow and funding.

The following table sets forth the number of individuals by function:

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 431 Fairway Drive, Suite #200, Deerfield Beach, Florida, USA 33441. Our telephone number is (954)570-8889 and our website is at URL: www.capstonecompaniesinc.com. Our U.S. subsidiaries operate out of our principal executive offices.

We file our financial information and other materials required under the Exchange Act electronically with the SEC. These materials can be accessed electronically via the Internet at www.sec.gov. Such materials and other information about the Company are also available through our corporate website: https://www.capstonecompanies.com.

Government Regulation

Our operations are subject to regulation by federal and state securities authorities as well as various federal, state, foreign and local laws and regulations governing a consumer products company and a for-profit business. We are not subject to any U.S. federal, state or local regulation that poses, in our opinion, any special or unusual burden or obstacle to conducting our business and financial affairs. Our main concern, although greatly diminished in terms of government regulation is the changing regulatory environment in China and greater Asia and its impact on our ability to access manufacturing sources and obtain our specific consumer products. Despite some political uncertainty, Thailand continues to encourage foreign direct investment as a means of promoting economic development, employment, and technology transfer. We established Thailand as an alternative to China. While the general trend in China has to be conducive to trade and commerce in terms of U.S. companies conducting business with domestic companies, China is a still a single-party nation-state in which the central government has the power to dramatically and immediately change its trade and commercial policies and laws. The Chinese government has also imposed its laws, policies and directives in Hong Kong SAR, which has created uncertainty about whether Hong Kong SAR will continue to encourage and enable foreign companies to conduct business in Hong Kong SAR without undue interference from the Chinese government. Chinese government intervention in Hong Kong’s political and legal affairs since 2020, which has taken the form of unilaterally imposing Chinese laws and policies in Hong Kong, create a heightened threat of Hong Kong’s traditional pro-foreign business policies, regulation and economic environment being altered to suit national security concerns and international objectives of the Chinese government and becoming untenable for foreign businesses, especially U.S. companies conducting business in Hong Kong in light of growing U.S.-Chinese tensions in international affairs and global economic competition. Chinese government’s imposition of the National Security Law in Hong King on June 30, 2020 undermined Hong Kong’s autonomy and introduced heightened uncertainty for foreign and local firms operating in Hong Kong. On March 5, 2022, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang asserted that Beijing intends to exercise “overall jurisdiction over the two SARs,” referring to Hong Kong and Macau. Political or military conflict between the United States and China, who are rivals for power and influence in Asia and to an increasing extent all along the Pacific Rim as well as being diametrically opposed to one another over the status of Taiwan, could provoke a even more strident, anti-U.S. change in Chinese trade or commercial laws and regulation, including Hong Kong trade and commercial laws, that makes it more difficult or expensive for us to obtain consumer products. Such a development would have a serious impact on our ability to compete in the United States in the niche LED consumer product market.

While Thailand has experienced a degree of political instability for decades, due to the influence and intervention of the Thai military in political affairs, the trade and commercial environment in Thailand has been generally receptive to and encouraging foreign commerce in Thailand. U.S. State Department 2022 assessment of Thailand concluded that Thailand remains encouraging to foreign investment and commerce. Due to uncertainties associated with conducting business in China and Hong Kong, the Company established manufacturing capabilities in Thailand through a local contract manufacturing concern in order to reduce reliance on China and Hong Kong for products and engineering.

Working Capital Requirements and Financing

In order to successfully launch the online Connected Surfaces business, the Company was required to maintain sufficient on hand available inventory levels, to allow for immediate fulfilment of an online order. This required additional investment combined with investments in new product expansion of Connected Surfaces, new product molds, product testing and outside certifications, package design work, and further expansion of its capabilities in Thailand, the Company may require additional working capital.

On January 4, 2021, the Company entered a $750,000 working capital loan agreement with Directors, Stewart Wallach and Jeffrey Postal. The short-term facility ended June 30, 2021 (“Initial Period’). The Company had the option to extend the Initial Period for an additional six consecutive months, ending December 31, 2021, but decided not to renew.

On April 5, 2021, the Company entered into five separate securities purchase agreements (“SPAs”) whereby the Company privately placed an aggregate of 2,496,667 shares of Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price $1,498,000 (transactions being referred to as the “Private Placement”). The five investors in the Private Placement consisted of four private equity funds and one individual – all being “accredited investors” (under Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (“Securities Act”). The $1,498,000 in proceeds from the Private Placement was used mostly to purchase start up inventory for the Company’s new Smart Mirror product line, for a major online e-commerce fulfilment company, and the remainder for advertising and working capital.

On July 2, 2021, the Board of Directors (“Board”) resolved that the Company required a purchase order funding facility to procure additional inventory to support the online Smart Mirror product. The Board resolved that certain Directors could negotiate the terms of a Purchase Order Funding Agreement for up to $1,020,000 with Directors S. Wallach and J. Postal and E. Fleisig, a natural person. On October 18, 2021 the Company received the $1,020,000 funding under this agreement. The term of the agreement is 30 months with principal accruing a simple interest rate of 5 percent per annum. These loans may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On May 1, 2022, the Company negotiated three $200,000 working capital funding agreements, to provide $600,000 in funding for daily operations. The Board resolved that certain Directors could negotiate the terms of a Working Capital Funding Agreement for up to a total of $600,000, with Directors S. Wallach (through Group Nexus, a company controlled by Mr. Wallach), J. Postal and Mouhaned Khoury, a natural person. On May 1^st the three individual agreements became effective. The term of each agreement is 18 months with principal accruing a simple interest rate of 5 percent per annum. These loans may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On October 13, 2022, the Company negotiated a $50,000 Working Capital Funding agreement with Jeffrey Postal, a director, to provide funding for daily operations (the “Working Capital Funding Agreement”). The term of this agreement is 18 months and principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On December 1, 2022, the Company negotiated a $50,000 Working Capital Funding agreement with Jeffrey Postal, a director, to provide funding for daily operations (the “Working Capital Funding Agreement”). The term of this agreement is 18 months and principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a total of $1,802,230 outstanding on the above referenced funding agreements, which includes accrued interest of $82,231.

The Company’s ability to maintain sufficient working capital is highly dependent upon achieving expected operating results. Failure to achieve expected operating results could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s working capital, ability to obtain financing, and its operations in the future.

With the net operating loss of $2.663 million, the Company utilized $1.904 million of cash for operating expenses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $2.371 million used in the same period last year. During the period, the Company’s cash decreased approximately $1.2 million after securing net proceeds of $700 thousand in working capital loans. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had working capital deficit of approximately ($448 thousand), an accumulated deficit of approximately $9.1 million, and a cash balance of $61 thousand. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

On July 15, 2021, Jeffrey Guzy a Company director, exercised a previously granted non-qualified stock option and purchased 100,000 shares of Company common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $43,500 or a per share price of $.435. The shares are restricted shares under federal securities laws and were acquired by independent Director Guzy. The proceeds were used by the Company for general working capital to support the rollout of the Smart Mirror product line.

During 2023 and through the date of this filing, the Company has received $183,500 in working capital note payable proceeds from Director, Stewart Wallach. Principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum, maturing June 26, 2023 with the ability for the Company to request a 90-day extension. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On January 3, 2023, the Company negotiated a $40,000 Working Capital Funding agreement with Director Stewart. Wallach (through Group Nexus, a company controlled by Mr. Wallach), to provide funding for daily operations (the “Working Capital Loan Agreement”). The term was originally 60 days but allowed for the maturity date to be extended 90 days by the Company with written notice to Mr. Wallach. Therefore, the $40,000 working capital advance plus accrued interest matures June 2023. Principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

In addition, we intend to seek alternative sources of liquidity, including but not limited to accessing the capital markets, or other alternative financing measures. However, instability in, or tightening of the capital markets, could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets on terms acceptable to us. An economic recession or a slow recovery could adversely affect our business and liquidity. The ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business and financial performance may also affect the Company’s ability to obtain funding.

The Company’s liquidity and cash requirements are discussed more fully in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, below.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Described below and throughout this Form 10-K report are certain factors and risks that the Company’s management believes are applicable to the Company’s business and the industries in which it operates. If any of the described events occur, the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, or access to funding could be materially adversely affected. When stated below that a risk or factor may have a material adverse effect on the Company business, it means that such risk may have one or more of these effects. There may be additional risks that are not presently material or known. There are also risks within the economy, the industry, and the capital markets that could have a material adverse effect on the Company, including those associated with an economic recession, inflation, a global economic slowdown, political instability, government regulation (including tax regulation), employee attraction and retention, and customers’ inability or refusal to pay for the products and services provided by the company. There are also risks associated with the occurrence of extraordinary events, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters (such as tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods) and pandemics or epidemics. These risks and factors affect businesses generally, including the Company, its customers and suppliers and, as a result, are not discussed in detail below, but are applicable to the Company. As a “penny stock” without primary market maker support, any investment in our Common Stock is highly risky and should only be considered by investors who can afford to lose their entire investment and do not require immediate liquidity. These risk factors are not the only risks that we or our subsidiaries may face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not currently believed to be important also may adversely affect our business.

Business and Operational Risks

The declining revenues in 2021 and 2022 of our primary business line of LED lighting products, the delay in launching our new Connected Surfaces product line and the product line not becoming a replacement revenue source have resulted in significant operating losses and imposed a need to sustain operations with outside funding of working capital. If the Company cannot obtain adequate, affordable funding, whether equity or debt, as needed, the Company will have difficulty sustaining the Company as a going concern.

The adverse financial results on our business and financial performance in 2022 from the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation and changes in consumer spending during 2022 coupled with the declining performance of the LED product lines placed a significant financial strain on our Company. Cash flow from operations was and is not sufficient to sustain operations and support launch of Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror product line as a primary revenue source. In order to attempt to secure adequate working capital in 2022, we took the actions detailed below. These actions are not deemed sufficient to meet all expected working capital needs for 2023 for a full implementation of our plan to establish the Connected Surfaces product lines as viable product lines and to meet general operating overhead needs. We anticipate the need to raise working capital funding to meet our funding needs in 2023 and supplement any cash flow from operations. Because of the low market price and liquidity of our Common Stock, our declining financial performance and condition in 2021 and 2022, lack of hard assets required for asset based loans, and our transition from a declining product line and primary source to a new, unproven product line, we may be unable to raise necessary, affordable and timely working capital in 2023 and that failure could be fatal to our ability to sustain the Company as an operating company.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company used cash in operations of approximately $1.9 million and generated net operating losses of approximately $2.6 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has working capital deficit of approximately ($448 thousand) and an accumulated deficit of $9.1 million. The Company’s cash balance decreased approximately $1.2 million from $1.3 million as of December 31, 2021 to $61 thousand as of December 31, 2022. Although we have cash on hand, the Company does not have sufficient cash on hand to finance its plan of operations for the next 12 months from the filing of this report and we will need to seek additional capital through debt and/or equity financing to fully fund operational overhead and fully fund the effort to establish the Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror product line as the primary revenue source in 2023. While certain directors have provided working capital funding to the Company in the past, including 2022, there is no guarantee, and none can be given that these insiders will do so when and as required by the Company in 2023.

We took the following actions to obtain or arrange sources of working capital funding in 2022 and 2023:

On May 1, 2022, the Company negotiated three $200,000 working capital funding agreements, to provide $600,000 in funding for daily operations. The Board resolved that certain Directors could negotiate the terms of a Working Capital Funding Agreement for up to a total of $600,000, with Directors S. Wallach (through Group Nexus, a company controlled by Mr. Wallach), J. Postal and Mouhaned Khoury, a natural person. On May 1, 2022, the three individual agreements became effective. The term of each agreement is 18 months with principal accruing a simple interest rate of 5 percent per annum. These loans may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On October 13, 2022, the Company negotiated a $50,000 Working Capital Funding agreement with Jeffrey Postal, a director, to provide funding for daily operations (the “Working Capital Funding Agreement”). The term of this agreement is 18 months and principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On December 1, 2022, the Company negotiated a $50,000 Working Capital Funding agreement with Jeffrey Postal, a director, to provide funding for daily operations (the “Working Capital Funding Agreement”). The term of this agreement is 18 months and principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On January 3, 2023, the Company negotiated a $40,000 Working Capital Funding agreement with Director S. Wallach (through Group Nexus, a company controlled by Mr. Wallach), to provide funding for daily operations (the “Working Capital Loan Agreement”). The term of this agreement is 5 months and principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

Subsequent to December 31, 2022, and through the date of this filing, the Company has received $183,500 in  working capital note payable proceeds from Director, Stewart Wallach. Principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum, maturing June 26, 2023 2023 with the ability for the Company to request a 90-day extension. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $61 thousand of cash. We have taken a number of actions short-term and long-term to preserve existing capital, including reducing capital expenditures, reducing employee workforce, reducing discretionary expenditures, executive management salary reductions and deferment of payment, expense reductions related to closing the CIHK operations in Hong Kong and reductions in travel, hotel and show expenses. The Company has been in discussions with alternate funding sources that provide additional sourcing options for the Connected Surfaces business channel that the Company is transitioning into. However, in the event that we are unable to negotiate a new credit facility or if cash on hand and cash generated from operations are not sufficient to meet our cash requirements, we will need to seek additional capital, potentially through debt or equity financing, to fund our operations and future growth. Our ability to access the credit and capital markets in the future as a source of liquidity, and the borrowing costs associated with such financing, are dependent upon market conditions and our credit rating and outlook. With our reported losses in recent years, we cannot assure that we will be able to negotiate competitive rates, which could increase our cost of borrowing in the future. In addition, equity financing may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our stockholders, and the prices at which new investors would be willing to purchase our securities may be lower than the current price per share of our common stock. The holders of new securities may also have rights, preferences or privileges which are senior to those of existing holders of common stock. If new sources of financing are required, but are insufficient or unavailable, we will be required to modify our growth and operating plans based on available funding, if any, which would harm our ability to grow or sustain our business.

The Company does not have an alternative product line to replace the Connected Surfaces product lines in 2023. If the Connected Surfaces product line does not become a viable revenue source in 2023, the Company will need funding to sustain operations and efforts to establish the Connected Surface product line as a viable revenue source.

The Company does not have an alternative product line to the Connected Surfaces product lines and would be unable to develop an alternative in 2023. The failure of Connected Surfaces product lines to produce sufficient cash flow in 2023 or early 2024 could potentially force the Company to effect an extraordinary corporate transaction to protect shareholder value and sustain the Company as an operating company. An extraordinary corporate transaction could include a merger or sale of the Company or reorganization of the Company under bankruptcy protection or otherwise or could result in the liquidation of the current business and efforts to fund a new business line in 2023 or 2024 – if adequate, affordable funding is available. The Company may be unable to effect, if necessary, an extraordinary corporate transaction or obtain significant funding for a new product line in 2023 to sustain the Company as an operating company. Reorganization under the protection of the bankruptcy code is one possible extraordinary corporate transaction if the Connected Surfaces product lines does not become a viable revenue source and other extraordinary corporate transactions are not possible. While the Company is continuing efforts to establish the Connected Surfaces product line as a viable revenue source, the Company is exploring possible alternative new business lines, which alternative business lines could be internally developed with sufficient funding or acquired in a merger or asset acquisition.

COVID 19 pandemic and actions to stem or combat its impact adversely impacted our business and financial performance in 2022 and first quarter of 2023 and may continue to do so in the remainder of 2023. COVID 19 pandemic and remedial actions was especially detrimental to the Company in that they delayed the development, production, shipping and availability as inventory of our Connected Surfaces Smart Mirrors product line until first quarter of 2022, which resulted in the LED lighting product line as the Company’s primary and declining business line and revenue source in 2022 and continuation of operating losses.

The principal adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic and remedial responses on our business was to delay the development, production, shipping, adequate available inventory and full marketing and sales of our new product line, the Smart Mirrors, as a timely replacement for our LED lighting product line as our primary business line and revenue source. Instead of launching the Smart Mirror product line in 2021, the launch was delayed into early 2022. In addition, consumer spending habits changed with the full re-opening of business. Consumers discretionary income was spent on social activities and experiences such as restaurant dining, fitness club memberships, concerts, vacations and travel.. There was a significant decline in home goods purchasing, for which the LED lighting and our Connected Surfaces products fall into, as the average consumer chose experiences and social gatherings over home goods. Global inflation was at an all-time high in response to COVID 19’s impacts on the Global economies, with the United States reporting a 9.1% inflation rate during 2022, the highest rate of inflation since the early 1980’s. Furthermore the Company launched the Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror via a new e-commerce marketing strategy, for which the Company was navigating in real time and had no prior industry experience with and seemingly struggled to convert marketing efforts into sales, These factors contributed to the Company suffering a worsening financial condition with accumulating operating losses in 2022 and into first quarter of 2023. The Company has a need for working capital funding to cover operating overhead and cost of implementing the efforts to establish the Connected Surfaces products as the primary business line and revenue source for the Company in 2023. The Company commenced the sales of the Smart Mirror in first quarter of 2022 and does not have sufficient sales and operational experience to determine whether the adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic, inflation and related ripple effects 2022 will materially, adversely impact our sales of Connected Surfaces product lines in 2023. The success of the Connected Surfaces product lines in 2023 is critical to our ability to sustain operations and will also affect our ability to raise working capital when and if needed to sustain operations in 2023 and into 2024.

The adverse financial results from the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and financial performance coupled with our transition in new product focus on Connected Surfaces products and its inability to date to produce necessary revenues to support operational overhead and declining performance of the LED Lighting product lines places a significant financial strain on our Company.

Due to the limited number of employees and contractors who conduct Company operations, COVID-19 pandemic has a more significant and lasting impact on our company than larger competitor companies with significantly greater number of employees, contractors, facilities and overall resources. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was especially severe on the Company due to traditional reliance on Chinese-Hong Kong manufacturing and the ongoing impact of COVID-19 pandemic in China and Hong Kong in 2021 and 2022.

We anticipate the available funding will sustain operations for Q1 2023, but this assumption may prove to be incorrect. However, to sustain future operations and revenue growth we will also need either adequate and affordable additional working capital funding including purchase order funding or adequate cash flow from sales of products in fiscal year 2023. We can give no assurances that we will be able to secure affordable, adequate and timely funding as necessary in the future. The economic disruption resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on the global freight shipping industry and on the cost of shipping our products. Continuation of current overall inflationary pressures coupled with any continuation or worsening of shipping problems and associated increased costs could severely impact our business and financial condition by decreasing consumer demand for Connected Surface products.

Our operating results and sustainability as an operating company are substantially dependent on the acceptance of new products.

The Connected Surfaces product lines are our effort to establish a viable product line to replace the matured LED product line and the success of the Connected Surfaces product lines are critical to our continued operation as a consumer product company. Our future success depends on our ability to deliver innovative, higher performing and lower cost solutions for existing and new markets and for customers to accept those solutions. As a small company, innovation is critical to our ability to compete with larger competitors. We must introduce new products in a timely and cost-effective manner, and we must secure production orders for those products from our customers. The development of new products is a highly complex process, and we have in some instances experienced delays in completing the development and introduction of new products. Our research and development efforts are aimed at solving increasingly complex problems, and we do not expect that all our projects will be successful. The successful development, introduction and acceptance of new products depend on a number of factors, including the following:

If any of these or other similar factors becomes problematic, we may not be able to deliver and introduce new products in a timely or cost-effective manner and be unable to effectively compete in the product market segment.

As further detailed below, the Connected Surfaces product line did not achieve the level of consumer acceptance as anticipated and, consequently, orders from e-commerce for the Connected Surfaces product line were insignificant in 2022. The primary intended appeal of the Smart Mirrors, being a residential Internet connected residential device for under $1,000, may not meet current consumer demands in the smart mirror or connected device marketplace and Company efforts to establish the Smart Mirror line in 2023 as a viable revenue source may fail. While the Company has developed a smart version of a cutting board in 2023, this prototype is under technical review as of the date of the filing of this Form 10-K. The Company does not have an alternative product line as of the first fiscal quarter of 2023.

 Our operations depend on a small number of personnel and the loss of key personnel or the inability to replace or add key personnel could have a significant impact on our ability to grow or sustain operations.

We operate the executive operations with a relatively small number of personnel. Company has not developed personnel to readily replace key personnel. The loss of key personnel, being Stewart Wallach, Company’s Chief Executive Officer would severely harm the business. As of December 31, 2022, James McClinton, our Chief Financial Officer for over 30 years, elected to retire. The Company hired Dana Eschenburg Perez, as an external consultant as of January 1, 2023 to perform the functions of Chief Financial Officer. We do not have key man life insurance.

Our personnel are focused on executive management or marketing. Our marketing is supplemented by contractor sales agencies, and we have a relatively small research and development capability overseas. We rely on OEMs for certain technical development and design, and we have no current plans to develop an in-house technical development staff. The loss of an OEM would disrupt our business operations if we could not find a suitable replacement in short order. Company evaluates potential OEM’s from time to time to identify possible alternative production and technical development resources. If our operations grow, we may have to increase the number of our personnel in the future to handle any growth or expansion of product lines or product categories. Our ability to find and retain qualified personnel when needed by our growth or existing operations will be an important factor in determining our success in coping with any growth or efficiently handling existing operational burdens.

During a downturn in the economy, consumer purchases of discretionary items are affected, which could materially harm our sales, profitability and financial condition and our prospects for growth. Historic inflation in 2022 has created uncertainty about consumer confidence and its impact on demand for our products in 2023.

Many of our products may be considered discretionary items for consumers. Factors affecting the level of consumer spending for such discretionary items include general economic conditions, unemployment, the availability of consumer credit and consumer confidence in future economic conditions. Uncertainty in U.S. economic conditions continues, particularly considering the impacts rising inflation, the COVID-19 pandemic, and trends in consumer discretionary spending remain unpredictable. While the impact on the global economy remains uncertain, the United States has experienced a significant reduction in unemployment and financial markets have remained robust and uncertain at times. Historically, consumer purchases of discretionary items tend to decline during recessionary periods when disposable income is lower or during other periods of economic instability or uncertainty, which may lead to declines in sales and slow our long-term growth expectations. Any near or long-term downturn in the U.S. market in which we sell most of our products, or other key markets, may materially harm our sales, profitability and financial condition and our prospects for growth.

The U.S. economy has experienced inflation of 6.4% for the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers for the 12 months ended January 2023, which is a 40-year high rate, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Inflationary rate for energy costs i a major component of the historic inflation and the war between Russian Federation and Ukraine added to the inflationary rate for energy costs. High inflation is one factor that could adversely impact consumer purchases of discretionary items like smart mirrors as well as add to the cost of transporting our products from Asia to the U.S. We do not have sufficient operating experience in the sale of the Smart Mirrors as of the date of the filing of this Form 10-K to determine the impact on 2023 revenues of this inflationary increase.

 If we are unable to effectively develop, manage and expand our marketing programs and sales channels for our products, our operating results may suffer.

Our launch of an e-commerce website and social media promotions of products are a new approach to marketing for our company and we lack sufficient operational history to judge the effectiveness of the effort. These marketing efforts did not produce any significant sales of products in 2022 and the Company has returned to direct sales efforts to brick-and-mortar retailers as the most cost effective marketing strategy. The success of the Connected Surfaces products is critical to stabilizing and improving the business and financial condition as well as prospects of the Company. We do not have an extensive staff devoted to e-commerce and social media promotions and we have not retained outside firms to assist on a regular basis in this effort. The Company is seeking funding to support the promotion of the Connected Surfaces products. Attaining affordable funding of the marketing effort may be critical to success of the marketing and promotion of the Connected Surfaces products. The cost and difficulty of establishing a new product line is difficult to estimate and difficult to fund by a small company like the Company, especially when that effort is faced with the inherent difficulties of penetrating an emerging, new product segment like smart mirrors, which has a growing number of competitors and has an ongoing, evolving need to meet changing consumer expectations and demands for enhanced or new technologies and functions; and against numerous competitors with significantly greater financial and technology resources, brand recognition and brand loyalty by consumers and logistical and marketing capabilities than our company.

Retailers may alter their promotional pricing or inventory strategies, which could impact our targeted sales of our products. If we are unable to effectively penetrate these channels or develop alternate channels to ensure our products are reaching the intended customer base, our financial results may be adversely impacted. In addition, if we successfully penetrate or develop these channels, we cannot guarantee that customers will accept our products.

 The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and have evolving technical or consumer requirements.

The markets for our smart mirror products are highly competitive. The smart or interactive mirror market is an emerging market and attracting new competitors – many of those competitors have significantly greater business, personnel, technical and financial resources than us and have greater access to distribution channels on a domestic and international basis. They also have or have the ability to establish brand recognition and reputation with consumers in domestic and international markets on a scale that we cannot match. Although the Company is seeking an apparently accessible niche market in smart mirrors, the sub $1,000 residential market, the Company may be unable to overcome larger competitors in this niche market or gain a profitable niche in this market. Since the Company relies on OEM’s for technical development, the Company may also be unable to compete with new technologies and functions in the smart mirror market or be able to affordably license new technologies or functions that are demanded by consumers.

In the consumer lighting market, which is a maturing market for us, we compete with companies that manufacture and sell traditional lighting products and we compete with companies that make smart mirrors for residential use, we compete with companies that have greater market share, name recognition and technical resources than we do. Competitors continue to offer new products with aggressive pricing. Aggressive pricing actions by our competitors in our businesses could reduce margins if we are not able to reduce costs at an equal or greater rate than the sales price decline.

With the increased demand for consumer smart products, including the Connected Surfaces, which is the focus of our business, we will continue to face increased competition in the future across our businesses. If the investment in capacity exceeds the growth in demand the electronic consumer market is likely to become more competitive with additional pricing pressures. With the emerging and evolving smart mirror market, we face growing competition and rapidly changing product technology and functionalities.

As competition increases in smart products, including connected surfaces, we need to continue to develop new products that meet or exceed the needs of our customers. Adequate, affordable and available funding is key to our ability to compete in the smart mirror markets. Competitors may also try to align with some of our strategic customers. This could lead to lower prices for our products, reduced demand for our products and a corresponding reduction in our ability to recover development, engineering and manufacturing costs. Any of these developments could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

As is true in any consumer product industry, the ability of a company to respond to changing consumer tastes and purchasing habits is key to success in consumer products. Introduction of new products brings the risk of increased development, production and marketing costs as well as that investment failing to produce revenues or profits that justify the investment in new products.

If our products fail to perform or fail to meet customer requirements or expectations, we could incur significant additional costs, including costs associated with the recall of those items.

The manufacturing of our products involves complex processes. We have just started to sell the Smart Mirrors in 2022 and we do not have sufficient consumer experience with our products to determine the extent of any customer service problems or product returns and defects and those factors impact on revenues. Our customers specify quality, performance and reliability standards that we must meet. If our products do not meet these standards, we may be required to replace or rework the products. In some cases, our products may contain undetected defects that only become evident after shipment and used by consumers. Even if our products meet standard specifications, our customers may attempt to use our products in applications for which they were not designed resulting in product failures and creating customer satisfaction issues. For a small company, identifying and meeting consumer demand and product quality standards are critical to our business and financial performance.

If failures or defects occur, they could result in significant losses or product recalls due to:

A significant product recall could also result in adverse publicity, damage to our reputation and a loss of customer or consumer confidence in our products and could substantially undermine or delay any success in the critical Connected Surfaces product launch. Further, while we believe that product liability for consumer electronic products is not significant or widespread, we could face product liability lawsuits or regulatory proceedings by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and could suffer losses from a significant product liability judgment or adverse CPSC finding against us if the use of our products at issue is determined to have caused injury or contained a substantial product hazard to the public. We provide warranty periods of 1 year on our products. Although we believe our warranty reserves are appropriate, we are making projections about the future reliability of new products and technologies, and we may experience increased variability in warranty claims. Increased warranty claims could result in significant losses due to a rise in warranty expense and costs associated with customer support.

Historically, we depended on a limited number of retail customers for a substantial portion of our LED revenue, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in purchases by, one or more of these customers could adversely affect our operating results for any LED lighting product sales as well as any sales of Smart Mirror products sold through these retailers.

While we are seeking to establish a vibrant e-commerce capability and social media marketing effort to support the e-commerce initiative, we remain dependent on brick and mortar retailers and their e-commerce efforts or on third party e-commerce retailers like Amazon and Wayfair. As such, if product sales from our retail customers decline, it will adversely impact our financial and business performance, which could be especially damaging in light of our need to transition from LED lighting product line to the new Smart Mirror product line.

Our results of operations could be materially harmed if we are unable to accurately forecast demand for our products.

If we do not accurately predict consumer demand for products, we may be unable to produce products that are in demand and our financial performance will suffer. Our ability to timely exploit the enhanced consumer interest in smart mirrors was delayed by COVID-19 pandemic impact on our OEM’s and shipment of products from China. The Smart Mirrors product line was intended to replace the declining sales of the LED lighting products and the continuing efforts to establish the Smart Mirrors product line has a viable replacement product line has placed a significant financial stain on the Company. While the Company has another product in development, the Company must secure outside funding to sustain operations while it continues efforts to establish the Smart Mirror product line as a source for a viable revenue stream and, failing that, to explore and pursue possible new business lines through joint venture, merger, acquisition, or other significant corporate transaction.

To ensure adequate inventory supply for the new product categories and to support e-commerce, we must forecast inventory needs and place orders with our manufacturers before firm orders are placed by our customers. If we fail to accurately forecast customer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products to deliver to our online customers. With the logistical problems referenced above, the forecast of inventory needs is even more crucial to our business and financial performance and efforts to establish a viable Smart Mirrors product line and revenue source. We could accurately predict inventory needs and timely place orders for products and then have logistical problems delay delivering of products and result in a lack of inventory to fill orders. The ability to timely fill orders for Smart Mirrors is an important achievement in the effort to establish the Smart Mirror product line as a viable revenue source.

Factors that could affect our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products include:

Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices or in less preferred distribution channels, which could have an adverse effect on gross margin. In addition, if we underestimate the demand for our products, our manufacturers may not be able to produce products to meet our customer requirements, and this could result in delays in the shipment of our products and our ability to recognize revenue, lost sales, as well as damage to our reputation and retailer and distributor relationships. These risks have materially increased and may persist with the market disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on our foreign OEM’s and related supply chain problems.

The consumer electronics industry is subject to significant pricing pressure caused by many factors, including technological advancements, intense competition, consolidation in the retail industry, pressure from retailers to reduce the costs of products and changes in consumer demand. While unlikely as the product segment is in its earliest stages, these factors could cause us to reduce our prices to retailers and consumers or engage in more promotional activity than we anticipate. For example, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the retail industry, including retail store closures and decreased consumer traffic and purchasing, many of our competitors have engaged in, and may continue to engage in, additional promotional activities focused on e-commerce sales. As traditional brick-and-mortar stores reopened post-pandemic, we saw further discounting across our industry as businesses manage excess inventory levels. In addition, our ability to achieve short-term growth targets may be negatively impacted if we are unwilling to engage in promotional activity on a scale similar to that of our competitors and we are unable to simultaneously offset declining promotional activity with increased sales at premium price points. This could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial conditions.

Fluctuations in the cost of products could negatively affect our operating results.

The components used by our suppliers and manufacturers are made of raw materials that may be subject to significant price fluctuations or shortages that could materially adversely affect our cost of goods sold. In addition, certain of our manufacturers are subject to government regulations related to wage rates, and therefore the labor costs to produce our products may fluctuate. The cost of transporting our products for distribution and sale is also subject to fluctuation. Because our products are manufactured abroad, our products must be transported by third parties over large geographical distances, increased demand for freight services at a time of reduced ocean freight capacity, can significantly increase costs. Manufacturing delays or unexpected transportation delays, such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, can also cause us to rely more heavily on airfreight to achieve timely delivery to our customers, which significantly increases freight costs. Any of these fluctuations may increase our cost of products and have an adverse effect on our profit margins, results of operations and financial condition. The continuation of the historic inflation of 2022 could adversely impact our competitive pricing strategy by imposing increased production and shipping costs for the Smart Mirrors in 2023.

Regulatory and Legal Risks

Our business may be impaired by claims that we infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Litigation between competitors over intellectual property rights can be a common business practice in an industry as a means to protect or gain market share. Litigation to determine the validity of patents or claims by third parties of infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights could result in significant legal expense and divert the efforts of our technical personnel and management, even if the litigation results in a determination favorable to us. In the event of an adverse result in such litigation, we could be required to:

The risk of infringement claims may be greater in emerging products and technologies like smart mirrors.

There can be no assurance that third parties will not attempt to assert infringement claims against us with respect to our products. Additionally, if an infringement claim against the Company or its customers is successful, the Company may be required to pay damages or seek royalty or license arrangements, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. The payment of any such damages or royalties may significantly increase the Company’s operating expenses and materially harm the company’s operating results and financial condition. Further, royalty or license arrangements may not be available at all, which would then require the company to stop selling certain products or using certain technologies, which could negatively affect the company’s ability to compete effectively. We do not have reserves for litigation or insurance for infringement litigation costs. This kind of litigation is typically very expensive to litigate, and we may lack the funds to aggressively litigate infringement claims against us or against competitors, which could lead to a materially adverse impact on our business.

Our operations in foreign countries expose us to certain risks inherent in doing business internationally, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We have revenue, operations and contract manufacturing arrangements in overseas that expose us to certain risks. Fluctuations in exchange rates may affect our revenue, expenses and results of operations as well as the value of our assets and liabilities as reflected in our financial statements. We are also subject to other types of risks, including the following:

Changes in regulatory, geopolitical, social, economic, or monetary policies and other factors may have a material adverse effect on our business in the future or may require us to significantly modify our current business practices. Abrupt political change, terrorist activity and armed conflict pose a risk of general economic disruption in affected countries, which could also result in an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We do not have extensive prior experience in conducting business in Thailand, which is the location of our product development and production (supplemented by contractors in China). This lack of experience may delay accomplishing our business milestones for development or production of product from our Thailand OEM’s.

Our financial results and ability to grow our business may be negatively impacted by economic, regulatory and political risks beyond our control.

All of our manufacturers are located outside of the United States and in 2022, 13% of net revenue was generated by international business. As a result, we are subject to risks associated with doing business abroad, including:

These risks could negatively affect the ability of our manufacturers to produce or deliver our products or procure materials and increase our cost of doing business generally, any of which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. If one or more of these factors, make it undesirable or impractical for us to conduct business in a particular country our business could be adversely affected.

Additional Financial Risk Factors

Our inadequate or expensive funding and financing alternatives.

Our current short-term debt level as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $620 thousand and $0, respectively.

The Company will need additional outside working capital funding in fiscal year 2023 to support the Company’s operations and further marketing and distribution of the Smart Mirror and development of the Connected Surfaces additional product lines.

Cash flow from operations are primarily dependent on our net income adjusted for non-cash expenses and the timing of collections of receivables, level of inventory and payments to suppliers.

Other adverse consequences could include:

Since we are transitioning our product focus to Connected Surfaces products past financial performance is not indicative of any future growth or future financial performance. We will have to establish our Connected Surfaces product line in the face of extensive competition as an entirely new segment within the Smart Home category.

Currency fluctuations may significantly increase our expenses and affect the results of operations, especially where the currency is subject to intense political and other outside pressure.

All our sales in 2022 were transacted in U.S. dollars. The weakening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies can negatively impact our operating profits, through higher unit costs. However, as the Company volumes increase, the leveraged buying power has enabled the Company to minimize the impact on costs. The last economic crisis revealed that exchange rates can be highly volatile. Changes in currency exchange rates may also affect the relative prices at which we and our competitors sell products in the same market. There can be no assurance that the U.S. dollar foreign exchange rates will be stable in the future or that fluctuations in such rates will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations. If our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, it may adversely affect investor confidence in us and the price of our common stock.

As a public company we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and provide a management report on our internal control over financial reporting. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, or if we are unable to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, then, we may be late with the filing of our periodic reports, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected.

Risk Factors for our Common Stock

Penny Stock and Volatile Market Price.

After the announcement of the $750,000 working capital credit line by two Company directors and announcement of the new Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror product launch, the market price of our common stock rose significantly in first fiscal quarter of 2021. As a matter of policy, the Company never recommends any investment in its common stock to public investors.

Due to the factors described below, the Company’s Common Stock is subject to possible volatile trading, including rapid increases and decreases in market price due to trading in the open market. Company’s declining business and financial condition has depressed the already low market price of the Company’s Common Stock in 2022. The Company’s Common Stock lacks the primary market makers and institutional investors who can protect the market price from volatility in trading and market price. Company does not have any research analyst issuing recommendations. The common stock is also a “penny stock” under SEC rules and suffers the limitations and burdens in trading of penny stocks. This lack of market support and penny stock status means that trading, especially by day traders, can cause a rapid increase or decrease in market price of the common stock and makes any investment in the common stock extremely risky and unsuitable for investors who cannot withstand the loss of their entire investment and requires liquidity in the investment. An investment in the Common Stock remains an extremely risky investment that is not suitable for investors who cannot afford the loss of investment and can withstand or tolerate a lack of liquidity.

In March 2021, our Common Stock was approved for DWAC/Fast electronic transfer, which will enhance trading of our Common Stock, but will not eliminate the issues imposed by the lack of market support for the Common Stock or the “penny stock” status of our Common Stock and, as such, will not lessen the volatility in trading and market price of our Common Stock. Further, restricted stock cannot be DWAC/Fast transferred. Many brokerage houses do not want or readily accept “penny stocks” in trading accounts.

We are also a former shell company under current SEC rules and interpretations thereof. As such, our stock transfer agent requires a legal opinion as well as other paperwork to lift restrictive legends from stock certificates for non-affiliated as well as affiliated shareholders. The restrictive legends can only be lifted for at most a 90-day period for sales under Rule 144 for affiliated and non-affiliated shareholders. Further, our stock transfer agent will not permanently remove restrictive legends on stock certificates held by shareholders. absent registration of the shareholder’s shares of common stock under the Securities Act. This status may make our common stock even more unappealing to investors and potential purchasers and more difficult to sell or trade. “Affiliated shareholders” are generally Company officers, directors, and holders of more than 10% of the issued shares of the Common Stock.

Further, our common stock is quoted on The OTC Markets Group, Inc. QB venture market. Many brokerage houses will not accept OTC stocks for deposit or for trading due to the compliance burdens and reduced financial benefits of trading in OTC stocks. This difficulty further decreases the appeal of our common stock to investors.

No Dividends.

We have not paid, and we do not intend to pay dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, to finance our current and proposed business activities. We may also incur indebtedness in the future that may further prohibit or effectively restrict the payment of cash dividends on our Common Stock.

Our controlling stockholders may take actions that conflict with your interests.

Certain of our officers and directors beneficially own approximately 40% of our outstanding common stock as of the date hereof. Assuming support from public shareholders with a sufficient voting power, then our officers and directors will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, amendment of our certificate of incorporation and approval of significant corporate transactions, and they will have significant control over our management and policies. The directors elected by these stockholders will be able to influence decisions affecting our capital structure significantly. This control may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in management or limiting the ability of our other stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interest. For example, our controlling stockholders will be able to control the sale or other disposition of our operating businesses and subsidiaries to another entity.

General Risk Factors

Consumer shopping preferences and shifts in distribution channels continue to evolve and could negatively impact our results of operations or our future growth.

Consumer preferences regarding the shopping experience continue to rapidly evolve. We sell our products through a variety of channels, including through wholesale customers and we launched our own direct to consumer business consisting of our brand and e-commerce platform. If we or our wholesale customers do not provide consumers with an attractive in-store experience, our brand image and results of operations could be negatively impacted. In addition, as part of our strategy to grow our e-commerce revenue, we are investing significantly in enhancing our platform capabilities and implementing systems to drive higher engagement with our consumers. If we do not successfully execute this strategy or continue to provide an engaging and user-friendly digital commerce platform that attracts consumers, our brand image and results of operations could be negatively impacted as well as our opportunities for future growth. In addition, we cannot predict whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic will impact consumer preferences regarding the shopping experience in the long-term and how quickly and effectively we will adapt to those preferences. We have commenced our Social Media/e-commerce marketing initiative in response to current trends in consumer purchasing habits and in case the traditional brick-and-mortar retail continues to suffer and decline under the assault from the COVID-19 pandemic as well as a growing trend towards e-commerce shopping by consumers that pre-dates the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Company’s operations could be disrupted by natural or human causes beyond its control.

The Company’s operations are subject to disruption from natural or human causes beyond its control, including physical risks from hurricanes, severe storms, floods and other forms of severe weather, accidents, fires, earthquakes, terrorist acts and epidemic or pandemic diseases such as the COVID-19, any of which could result in suspension of operations or harm to people or the environment. While all of the Company’s corporate operations are located in the United States, the Company participates in a Chinese and Thailand product supply chain, and if a disease spreads sufficiently to cause a pandemic (or to cause the fear of a pandemic to rise) or governments regulate or restrict the flow of labor or products or impede the travel of Company personnel, the Company’s ability to conduct normal business operations could be impacted which could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and liquidity. Most of the Company products are sourced and made in China and Thailand and an increased or prolonged disruption of either economy by COVID-19 could substantially and adversely impact the Company’s production of products. Currently, the Company’s Chinese and Thailand suppliers have reopened and building to full production capabilities.

We may not successfully execute our long-term strategies, which may negatively impact our results of operations.

Our ability to execute on our long-term strategies depends, in part, on successfully executing on strategic growth initiatives in key areas, such as our new Connected Surfaces category and our new online direct to consumer sales channel. Our growth in these areas depends on our ability to continue to successfully market these new products to existing customers, grow our e-commerce and mobile application offerings in the U.S. market and continue to successfully increase our product offerings in the Connected Surfaces category. Our ability to invest in these growth initiatives on the timeline and at the scale we expect will be negatively impacted if we continue to experience significant market disruption due to COVID-19 or other significant events, particularly in the U.S. market and in declining sales. In addition, our long-term strategy depends on our ability to successfully drive expansion of our gross margins, manage our cost structure and drive return on our investments. If we cannot effectively execute our long-term growth strategies while managing costs effectively, our business could be negatively impacted, and we may not achieve our expected results of operations.

If we fail to adequately protect intellectual property rights, competitors may manufacture and market similar products, which could adversely affect our market share and results of operations.

We rely on trademark, trade secret, patent and copyright laws to protect our intellectual property rights. Our trademarks are of material importance to our business and are among our most important assets. Accordingly, our future success may depend, in part, upon the goodwill associated with our trademarks and brand names. We own a number of patents; patent applications and other technology which we believe are significant to our business.

Our products are made in China and Thailand. We face risks that our proprietary information may not be afforded the same protection in China as it is in countries with well-developed intellectual property laws, and local laws may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights in China, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position. We cannot be sure that these intellectual property rights will be maximized or that they can be successfully asserted. There is a risk that we will not be able to obtain and perfect, or maintain our own intellectual property rights or, where appropriate, license intellectual property rights necessary to support new product introductions. We cannot be certain that these rights, if obtained, will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged in the future, and we could incur significant costs in connection with legal actions to defend our intellectual property rights.

Even if such rights are obtained in the United States, the laws of some of the other countries in which our products are or may be sold do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. If other parties infringe our intellectual property rights, they may dilute the value of our brands in the marketplace, which could diminish the value that consumers associate with our brands and harm our sales. The failure to perfect or successfully assert our intellectual property rights could make us less competitive and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

There may be emerging, or new technologies patented by others. These new technologies may be critical to competing in a product niche, especially one like the emerging smart mirrors in smart home industry. We may be unable to license or affordably license new technologies owned by others and critical to competing in the product niche.

Our results of operations and financial condition could be seriously impacted by security breaches, including cybersecurity incidents.

Failure to effectively prevent, detect and recover from security breaches, including attacks on information technology and infrastructure by hackers; viruses; breaches due to employee error or actions; or other disruptions could result in misuse of our assets, business disruptions, loss of property, and confidential business information. Such attacks could result in unauthorized parties gaining access to at least certain confidential business information. However, to date, we have not experienced any financial impact, changes in the competitive environment or business operations that we attribute to such attacks. Although management does not believe that we have experienced any security breaches or cybersecurity incidents, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such attacks in the future. We actively manage the risks within our control that could lead to business disruptions and security breaches and have expended significant resources to enhance our control environment, processes, practices and other protective measures. Despite these efforts, as these threats continue to evolve, particularly around cybersecurity, such events could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We expect our results of operations to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis.

Company’s revenue and results of operations could vary significantly from period to period and may fail to match expectations because of a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control. As a result of the potential variations in our revenue and results of operations, period-to-period comparisons may not be meaningful and the results of any one period should not be relied on as an indication of future performance. In addition, our results of operations may not meet the expectations of investors or public market analysts who follow us, which may adversely affect our stock price. Since the Connected Surfaces products are a new product line, we lack the operational experience to determine if Connected Surface products have seasonal sales cycles.

Item 1B. Unresolved SEC Staff Letters.

None for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2. Properties.

The Company has an operating lease agreement for offices in Deerfield Beach, Florida. Neither the Company nor its operating subsidiaries own any real properties or facilities. CAPC and Capstone share principal executive offices and operating facilities. The Company’s principal executive office is located at 431 Fairway Drive, Suite 200, Deerfield Beach, Florida 33441.

Effective November 1, 2019, the Company entered into a new prime operating lease with the landlord “431 Fairway Associates, LLC” ending June 30, 2023, for the Company’s executive offices located on the second floor of 431 Fairway Drive, Suite 200, Deerfield Beach, Florida 33441 with an annualized base rent of $70,104 and with a base rental adjustment of 3% commencing July 1, 2020, and on July 1^st of each subsequent year during the term. Under the lease agreement, Capstone is also responsible for a portion of common area maintenance charges in the leased premises which has been estimated at $12.00 per square foot on an annualized basis of which the premises is approximately 4,694 square feet. In an effort to reduce operating expenses in 2023, the Company does not intend to renew the operating lease for the executive offices and arrangements are being made for staff to work remotely.

The rent expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $145,693 and $144,916, respectively. At the commencement date of the new office lease, the Company recorded a right-of-use asset and lease liability under ASU 2016-02, Topic 842.

We believe that the facilities are well maintained, in compliance with environmental laws and regulations, and adequately covered by insurance. We also believe these leased facilities are not unique and could be replaced, if necessary, at the end of the term of the existing leases.

The Company has one short storage rentals in effect as of 2022 with a duration of less than twelve months.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We are not a party to any material pending legal proceedings and, to the best our knowledge, no such action by or against us has been threatened. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although occasional adverse decisions or settlements may occur in such routine lawsuits, we believe that the final disposition of such routine lawsuits will not have material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Other Legal Matters

To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors, officers or owner of record of more than five percent (5%) of the securities of the Company, or any associate of any such director, officer or security holder is a party adverse to us or has a material interest adverse to us in reference to pending litigation.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures (Not Applicable).

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.

The Company’s Common Stock is quoted on The OTC Markets Group, Inc.’s QB Venture Market Tier under the trading symbol “CAPC”.

As of March 1, 2023, there were approximately holders of record (excluding OBO/Street Name accounts) of our Common Stock and estimated 48,826,864 outstanding shares of the Common Stock.

Dividend Policy

We have not declared or paid any cash or other dividends on shares of our Common Stock in the last seven years, and we presently have no intention of paying any cash dividends on shares of our Common Stock. We do not currently anticipate, based on existing financial performance, to be declaring or paying dividends on any series of our preferred stock in the foreseeable future. Our current policy is to retain earnings, if any, to finance the expansion and development of our business. The future payment of dividends on shares of our Common Stock are at the sole discretion of our board of directors.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

There were no unregistered securities sold or issued during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, except: (1) On August 6, 2021, Company granted: stock options to Mr. Guzy and Mr. Postal, who are directors of the Company, each received 4,144 stock option grants for participating in the Audit and Nomination and Compensation Committees for the year 2021-2022. The stock options were issued under an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D under that act.

On January 4, 2021, the Company entered a Loan Agreement with Directors Stewart Wallach and Jeff Postal as joint lenders (the “Lenders”) whereby Lenders made a maximum of Seven Hundred and Fifty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($750,000) (principal) available as a credit line to the Company for working capital purposes.

The term of the loan started January 4, 2021 and ended June 30, 2021. The Company did not take any advances on this credit line. The Company could have extended the loan for an additional six consecutive months, ending December 31, 2021, but decided not to extend.

In consideration for the Lenders providing the loan under this Agreement for the Initial Period and agreeing to a below market rate of interest, and as payment of a finance fee for the loan on an unsecured basis, the Company issued to the Lenders 7,500 shares of the Company’s Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Preferred Shares”). The Preferred Shares shall have the appropriate restrictive legends. Each Preferred Share converts into 66.66 shares of Common Stock at the option of Lender.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

On July 15, 2021, Jeffrey Guzy a Company director, exercised a previously granted non-qualified stock option and purchased 100,000 shares of Company common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $43,500 or a per share price of $.435. The shares are restricted shares under federal securities laws and were acquired by independent Director Guzy. The proceeds will be used by the Company for general working capital to support the rollout of the Smart Mirror product line.

All securities issued and described above were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act contained in Rule 506(b) of Regulation D and Section 4(a)(2).

Adoption of Stock Repurchase Plan

On December 19, 2018, Company entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Purchase Plan with Wilson Davis & Co., Inc., a registered broker-dealer, (the “Purchase Plan”), which Purchase Plan is made pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to shares of common stock of the Company. As previously reported, the use of a Rule 10b5-1 purchase plan was authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors on August 29, 2018. Under the Purchase Plan, Wilson Davis & Co., Inc., a registered broker dealer, will make periodic purchases in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Purchase Plan and instructions of the Company. This description of the Purchase Plan does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the text of the Purchase Plan, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on December 24, 2018 and as dated December 18, 2018.

On May 31, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a further extension of the Company’s stock repurchase plan through August 31, 2020. The Board of Directors also approved that the maximum amount of aggregate funding available for possible stock repurchases under the stock repurchase program remained at $1,000,000 during the renewal period.

On September 23, 2019, the Company signed a revised stock Purchase Plan to reflect an extension of the plan to repurchase shares at prevailing market prices, subject to the terms of the Purchase Plan.

On March 30, 2020, Wilson Davis & CO., Inc., advised the Company that 750,000 of the Company’s Common Stock had been repurchased to complete the authorized Purchase Plan.

On June 10, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a further extension of the Company’s stock repurchase plan through August 31, 2021.

As of December 31, 2021, a total of 750,000 of the Company’s Common Stock has been repurchased to date, at a total cost of $107,740.

On May 6, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a further extension of Rule 10b-5, the Company’s stock purchase agreement with Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc. through August 31, 2022.

During May and June 2022, Wilson Davis & CO., Inc., re-purchased a total of 66,167 shares of the Company’s Common Stock for a total cost of $11,662.

On July 7, 2022, the Board of Directors resolved to discontinue the stock purchase agreement.

As of December 31, 2022, a total of 816,167 of the Company’s Common Stock has been repurchased to date, at a total cost of $119,402.

Item 6. Reserved.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and other parts of this Report contain forward-looking statements, that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and Company’s actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this Report under the heading “Risk Factors,” which are incorporated herein by reference. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Report. All information presented herein is based on CAPC’s fiscal year 2022 results. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years or quarters refer to the CAPC’s fiscal years ended in December and the associated quarters of those fiscal years. Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.

Executive Summary

COVID-19 has caused substantial disruption to travel, business activities, and global supply chains, significant volatility in global financial markets since the pandemic began in 2020. The pandemic has had and may continue to have a material impact on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flow. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we took precautionary measures to maintain adequate liquidity by suspending share repurchases, temporarily deferring salaries of our executives by 50%-100%, significantly scaling back on non-essential operating expenses, and closing our Hong Kong operation, as we transferred manufacturing to Thailand. Our goal was to preserve cash but to continue to invest where needed to support the relaunch of the Connected Surfaces program.

Total net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, decreased 50% to approximately $346 thousand as compared to $686 thousand in the same period of last year. The net loss was approximately $2.6 million for the year 2022 compared to a net loss of $1.9 million in 2021. The Company had an estimated net tax provision in 2022 and 2021 of $67.5thousand and $15.1 thousand, respectively.

The following discussion is designed to provide a better understanding of our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, including a brief overview of our business and products, key factors that impacted our performance and a summary of operating results.

Overview 

Capstone Companies, Inc. (“Company” or “CAPC”) is a public holding company organized under the laws of the State of Florida. The Company is a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of consumer inspired products that simplify daily living through technology. Over the past decade, the Company’s various product lines have been distributed globally including consumer markets in Australia, Japan, Korea, North America, South America, and the United Kingdom. The primary operating subsidiary is Capstone Industries, Inc. (“CAPI”), a Florida corporation located at the principal executive offices of the Company. Capstone International Hong Kong, Ltd., or “CIHK”, was established to expand the Company’s product development, engineering, and factory resource capabilities. With the 2021 shift of manufacturing to Thailand from China, the CIHK operation was dormant. The Company has a history of exploiting technologies in areas of induction charging, power failure control, security and home LED lighting products and most recently has entered the electronics market with its introduction of Capstone’s Connected Surfaces Smart Mirrors internet connected and interactive mirror.

The Company’s focus through 2017 has been in the integration of LEDs into most commonly used consumer lighting products in today’s home. Over the last few years there has been significant LED price erosion, which has commoditized LED consumer products. The LED category has matured and is no longer the innovative “must have” consumer product as in previous years. The Connected Surfaces is the Company’s effort to establish business in an emerging segment that will allow for future revenue growth. The smart home segment is the umbrella category in which we will participate with the Connected Surfaces program.

Capstone’s success has been in its ability to identify emerging product categories where Capstone’s management experience can be fully leveraged. Over the past decade, the Company’s consistent low-cost manufacturing and operations have provided an advantage in delivering quality products at very competitive prices.

In late 2017, as management recognized that the LED category was maturing, it sought a business opportunity that would transition the Company’s revenue streams to an emerging category. While we currently continue to supply LED products on a limited basis, our strategic plan to develop and launch new innovative product lines, like Smart Mirrors, is believed to be essential for sustaining or growing revenues.

The Company began its foray into the electronic industry in 2019 with its Connected Surfaces initiative. We entered the market as we identified the smart home category to be emerging with strong long-term growth potential. Our expectation is that the new Connected Surfaces portfolio advancing in 2022 appeals to a much larger audience than our traditional LED lighting product line. The new portfolio is designed to tap into consumer’s ever-expanding connected lifestyles prevalent today. The Smart Mirrors have both touch screen, voice and remote control interfacing, internet access and an operating system capable of running downloadable applications. The average selling prices are comparable to that of tablets and smartphones, retailing between $799 - $999.00 per unit, with the goal to deliver cost-attractive product consumer value to mainstream America. Whereas, during the day your smartphone/tablet keeps you connected, whether it is work or personal, now when entering your home, Capstone’s new Connected Surfaces products are intended to enable users the same level of connectivity in a more relaxed manner that does not require being tethered to these devices.

The Company will require additional funding to build its marketing effort, inventory levels and service levels which funding must be timely and affordable to fund the desired marketing and product launch. The future growth will be directly impacted by the level of exposure, messaging and distribution capabilities. For the short term, Certain members of the Company’s management (“Corporate Insiders and Directors”) have provided short-term funding from time to time to support the Company’s basic operational funding needs, but there is no guarantee that this funding will continue or be adequate to fund operations or Connected Surfaces program marketing and inventory as well as possible enhancements in functions demanded by the consumers.

By working overseas with alternate manufacturers located outside China, particularly in Thailand, we anticipated minimal impact to our selling prices and related margins of profit that could otherwise be impacted by an ongoing trade dispute between the United States and China. Political unrest in Thailand in late 2020 and early 2021 did not affect our original equipment manufacturing (“OEM”) activities, however the transportation/logistics costs have escalated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but we are beginning to see more stability as we are able to book freight without the surcharges imposed by container shortages experience during 2021 and 2022.

While the Company announced the plan to launch its ecommerce initiative in March 2021, that effort was continually delayed because of COVID-19 forced closures overseas and inventories planned for Q3, 2021 sales were shipped in December 2021, pushed the product launch into January 2022 The COVID-19 pandemic and transitioning to Thailand OEM’s as well as to be expected delays in developing an acceptable new product essentially delayed our launch of the Smart Mirror product line by a year into 2022, which combined with declining LED product sales, has adversely impacted the Company’s business and financial performance. The initial inventory that arrived in our fulfilment center in the United States at the end of Q4 2021 was damaged by the logistics company. We filed an insurance claim and were compensated for the damaged inventory during 2022, however, incurred significant delays in our initial Smart Mirror product launch.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the general U.S. economic indicators show signs of a slowdown caused by interest rate increases in order to reduce the impact of increasing inflationary pressures. While the unemployment rate decreased from 3.9% in December 2021 to 3.5% as of December 2022 marking the lowest level in over 50 years, the consumer confidence index continued to drop falling from 70.6 in December 2021 to 59.7 in December 2022. Retail sales increased 5.0% year over year from December 2021 as consumers remained resilient despite inflation. But the impact of inflation on consumer prices and consumer buying patterns will be a factor through 2023. The slowing economy is likely to bring the yearly inflation rate down to 3.5%-4% by the end of 2023, however still higher than the Federal Reserve’s target of 2%-2.5%. Management believes that the national vaccine inoculation program made major advances, and initially increased consumer confidence. However, the recent impact of the increased interest rates in response to inflation and higher energy costs have seriously eroded into consumers available spending or adversely impacted consumer confidence in the economy. Since our Connected Surface product line is not an essential product, but a discretionary purchase, consumer products that are discretionary purchases are generally adversely impacted by uncertain or negative economic news and downturn in consumer confidence.

Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Performance

There are a number of industry factors that affect our financial performance which include, among others:

Intellectual Property Issues. Market participants rely on patented and non-patented proprietary information relating to product development and other core competencies of their business. Protection of intellectual property is important. Therefore, steps such as patent applications, confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements, as well as other security measures are generally taken. The Company has not created a litigation reserve for intellectual property rights litigation. As a business judgment, the Company does not patent or copyright or trademark all intellectual property due to a combination of factors, including, in part, the cost of registration and maintenance of registration, odds and cost of successful defense of the registration and commercial value of the intellectual property rights. To enforce or protect intellectual property rights, litigation or threatened litigation is common. The Company has not sued any third parties over intellectual property rights.

Results of operations

Net Revenues

Revenue is derived from sales of our residential lighting products and Connected Surfaces Smart Mirrors. The residential products were directed towards consumer home LED lighting for both indoor and outdoor applications while the Smart Mirrors were sold directly to consumers via e-commerce efforts. We recognize revenue upon shipment of the order to the customer when all performance obligations have been completed and title has transferred to the customer and in accordance with the respective sale’s contractual arrangements. Each contract on acceptance will have a fixed unit price. The majority of our sales are to the U.S. market which in 2022 represented 87% of revenues and we expect to the U.S Market to continue to be the major source of revenue for the Company. We derived 13%% of our revenue from overseas sales. Net revenue also includes the cost of instant rebate coupons, promotional coupons, and product support allowances provided to retailers to promote certain products. All of our revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars.

Cost of Goods Sold

Our cost of goods sold consists primarily of purchased products from contract manufacturers and when applicable associated duties and inbound freight. In addition, our cost of goods sold also includes reserves for potential warranty claims and freight allowances. We source our manufactured LED lighting products based on customer orders. Beginning with the last quarter of 2021 in connection with the launch of our Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror, we maintained inventory on hand for direct to consumer shipment to fulfill sales orders.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit has and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including average sales price for our products, product mix, promotional allowances, our ability to reduce product cost fluctuations in the cost of our purchased components. See “Risk Factors” above in Item 1A.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses include sales and marketing expenses, consisting of social media advertising, sales representatives’ commissions, advertising, show expense and costs related to employee’s compensation. In addition, operating expensed includes charges relating to product development, office and warehousing, accounting, legal, insurance and stock-based compensation.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND OUTLOOK

Net Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2022, net revenues were approximately $346 thousand, a decrease of approximately $340 thousand or 50% from $686 thousand in fiscal 2021. In 2022, the Company experience firsthand the alteration in consumer’s buying habits. After stocking up on home goods, home improvements and electronics during the stay-at-home orders, once those orders were lifted, consumers chose to spend their money on things to do versus things to have. This change in consumer spending on activities versus goods negatively impacted the 2022 launch of the Smart Mirror significantly. Sales of the Smart Mirror severely underperformed management’s expectations, generating approximately $74,000 in net sales for an approximate 105 units sold. In addition to the change in consumer spending, the Company changed its marketing course in late 2021 and 2022 by moving away from the Big Box retailers and put all of its marketing effort into the e-commerce marketing industry. The Company’s first parlay into e-commerce proved to be very costly and a difficult market to secure customer acquisition with the Company spending approximately $285,000 in 2022 on social media, advertising and trade shows, and increase of $260,000 over the prior year. The Company has decided to re-focus their marketing strategy in 2023 and move back to brick and mortar and Big Box retailers, which was their core strength with the Lighting Products which they feel they can easily replicate with the Connected Surfaces product lines. Management has spent Q1 2023 actively marketing the Connected Surfaces product lines to brick-and-mortar retailers while maintaining their e-commerce presence.

The Company selectively supports retailer’s initiatives to maximize sales of the Company’s products on the retail floor or to assist in developing consumer product awareness, by providing marketing und allowances to the customer. The Company also provides promotional coupons for the Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror when determined necessary. Sales reductions for anticipated discounts, coupons, allowances and other deductions are recognized during the period the related revenue is recorded. The reduction of accrued allowances is included in net revenues and amounted to $26.7 thousand and $8.0 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, international sales were approximately $44 thousand or 13% of revenue and $341 thousand or 50 % of revenue, respectively.

The following table disaggregates net revenue by major source:

Gross Profit and Cost of Sales

Gross

loss for the year ended December 31, 2022, was approximately ($603 thousand), or (173.9%) of net revenues, as compared to $47 thousand or 6.9% of net revenues, for fiscal 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, cost of sales were approximately $949 thousand and $639 thousand, respectively, an increase of $310   thousand or 32.7% from the previous year. The gross profit reduction was the direct result of the reduced revenue in the year, relating to the low sales of the Smart Mirror and reduction in sales of the LED lighting products. Costs represented 274% and 93% of net revenues for 2022 and 2021, respectively. This increased cost was primarily due to allowances recorded for slow moving Smart Mirror inventory and a write off of prepaid inventory. Management considered the need for a reserve for slow moving inventory due to sales not meeting projected forecasts during 2022. Management estimated a 50% reserve of inventory held in domestic warehouses, a 100% reserve on inventory held in international warehouses, and a write off of prepaid inventory deposit for Smart Mirrors that we do not anticipate completing the manufacturing on. The allowances and prepaid inventory write off approximated a cumulative $692 thousand corresponding increase in cost of goods sold with a reduction in inventory on hand of $533 thousand and expensing of $159 thousand in prepaid inventory deposits.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing Expenses

In fiscal 2022 and 2021, sales and marketing expenses were approximately $360 thousand and $29 thousand respectively, an increase of $331 thousand or 1158%. As a percent to revenue, 2022 expenses were 103.8% as compared to 4.2% in 2021. Social Media expense in 2022 was $146 thousand, an increase of $125.5 thousand or 612% from $20.5 thousand in 2021. The increase in social media expenses were in connection with the launch of the Company’s e-commerce efforts for Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror with direct to consumer marketing, hiring of influencers, targeted add on media platforms such as Facebook and Google, and production expenses related to content development. Advertising and promotional expenses were $24.9 thousand in 2022 as compared to $2.2 thousand in 2021, an increase of $22.6 thousand or 996% due to the launch of e-commerce activities during 2022. Trade Show expense was $113 thousand in 2022 as compared to $0.4 thousand in 2021, an increase of $112.8 thousand related to the attendance of the 2022 CES trade show which was not attended in 2021.

Compensation Expenses

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 compensation expenses were approximately $817.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, a reduction of $459 thousand or 36.0%. As a percent of net revenues, 2022 expenses were 235.90% as compared to 186.1% in 2021. With the reduced revenue and the transition of production into Thailand, the Company eliminated all positions from the Hong Kong office and reduced administrative and sales positions in the corporate office during 2022.

Professional Fees

For fiscal 2022, professional fees were approximately $457.5 thousand compared to $368 thousand in 2021, an increase of $89 thousand or 24.2 %. As a percent of net revenue 2022 expenses were 132.0% as compared to 53.7% in 2021. In 2022, consulting fees were approximately $260 thousand compared to $165 for 2021. Accounting, legal and other expenses were $197.6 thousand, a decrease of $5 thousand from $203 thousand in the prior year.

Product Development Expenses

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, product development expenses were approximately $204 and $309 thousand, respectively, a decrease of $105 thousand or 34%. In 2021 the Company invested $237 thousand in the Smart Mirror development and continued the investment with an approximate $93 thousand in Smart Mirror development in 2022, a decrease of $144 thousand or 154%. During 2022, the Company invested approximately $54 thousand in software, hardware development, certifications, patent and trademarks and quality control audits for the Smart Mirror project compared to $70 thousand in the same period in 2021 which resulted in an expense reduction of approximately $16 thousand. In   2022 the Company also invested approximately $56 thousand for the development of new Connected Surfaces product lines for the Connected Chef kitchen utility smart device, compared to $0 in expenses during 2021. Due to these aforementioned investments, Management determined the initial investment in tooling manufacturing equipment purchased in 2021 for the Smart Mirror was impaired as of the year end December 31, 2022 as recent innovations to the Smart Mirror have rendered the tooling machinery unusable for the redesigned Smart Mirror mold. As such, Management recorded an impairment of long lived assets with a net book value of $51 thousand as of the year ended December 31, 2022, recognized as a reduction in property and equipment and increase in product development expenses.

Other General and Administrative Expenses

For fiscal 2022 and 2021, other general and administration expenses were approximately $481 thousand and $421 thousand, respectively, an increase of $60 thousand or 14.2%. As a percent to revenue 2022 expenses were 138.8% as compared to 61.4% in 2021. The Directors insurance increased in 2022 from $100 thousand in 2021 to $124 thousand a $24 thousand or 20% increase. The Company’s liability insurance also increased in 2022 from a rebate of $15 thousand to an expense of $32 thousand, an increase of $46 thousand or 146%. Lodging fees increased $22 thousand from $18 thousand in 2021 to $41 thousand in 2022 for an electronic consultant working on Connected Surfaces product lines.

Total Operating Expenses

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, total operating expenses were $2.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. This represents an $84 thousand or 3.5% decrease over fiscal year 2021.

Operating Loss

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the operating loss was approximately $2.9 million as compared to $2.4 million in 2021, a loss increase of $566 thousand over 2021.

Other Income (Expense)

For fiscal 2022 other income was approximately $395 thousand compared to a $456 thousand in 2021, a decrease of $61 thousand over 2021. The other income for the year ended December 31, 2022 resulted from $152 thousand in employee retention tax credit received under Cares act 2020-2021 and $162 thousand freight claim recovery for the damaged Smart Mirror inventory that was written off in December 31, 2021. In addition, other income includes a reversal of approximately $61 thousand of accrued marketing and promotional allowances and warranty reserves against previous sales that is no longer required as of December 31, 2022. Marketing allowances include the cost of underwriting an in store instant rebate coupon or a targeted markdown allowance on specific products. The Company accrues and retains these allowances for a period of 3 to 5 years in the event the customer charges back a promotional allowance against future open invoices or submits to us an invoice. These allowances are also evaluated when our relationship with a customer is terminated, or we cease selling a specific product to a customer. We evaluated certain allowances and were satisfied that these allowances were no longer required based on the age of the allowance and sale of the products for which these allowances relate being significantly reduced. These allowances were charged to other income during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Interest expense for 2022 amounted to $70 thousand compared to $49 thousand in 2021, an increase of $21 thousand or 42%, due to the increase of $700   thousand in notes payable held by the Company, accruing interest at 5% per annum.

For the years ended December 31, 2022, the net expense for income tax was estimated at $67 thousand compared to a net expense of $15 thousand in the same period 2021.

The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, was (2.61%) and (0.77%) and the statutory tax rate was 25.39% in 2022 and 23.70% in 2021.

Net Loss

For fiscal 2022 and 2021 net loss was approximately $2.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, a net loss increase of approximately $686 thousand over the previous year due to the reasons summarized above.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND BUSINESS OUTLOOK

Our goal is that the new Connected Surfaces portfolio advancing in 2023 appeals to a much larger audience than our traditional LED lighting product line. Approximately 46% of domestic households have one smart device in their home. Our Connected Surfaces portfolio falls in line with the average user of internet-of-things home devices. Management believes that the execution of the Company’s strategy and development of the Connected Surfaces category will provide attractive opportunities for profitable growth over the long term.

The Company will require additional funding to build its marketing effort, inventory levels and service levels once the revised marketing back to retail phase validates the Company’s strategic initiatives. The future growth will be directly impacted by the level of exposure, messaging and distribution capabilities.

By working diligently overseas with alternate manufacturers located outside China, particularly in Thailand, we anticipate minimal impact to our selling prices and related margins of profit that could otherwise be impacted by an ongoing trade dispute between the United States and China. Other factors, like inflation and its impact on consumer confidence and willingness to purchase discretionary purchases like our Smart Mirrors, may impact selling prices and related margins of profit.

With the impact of COVID-19, Management was even more focused on the following priorities:

During 2022 we were able to complete the above priorities and are now preparing for the re-launch of the Smart Mirror program to home good retailers and the Big Box retailers in 2023.

Contractual Obligations

The following table represents contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022.

Notes to Contractual Obligations Table

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities —Comprised of the   Company’s liability for goods and services in the normal course of business as well as deferred compensation for management.

Short Term Debt – notes payable with related parties – Related to working capital funding.

Short Term Debt – note payable with unrelated parties – Related to working capital funding.

Long Term Debt – related parties – Related to working capital and purchase order funding.

Long Term Debt — note payable unrelated parties – Related to purchase order funding.

Operating Leases —Related to facility leases for our operations in the U.S.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Operational cash flow is significantly influenced by the timing and launch of new products as well as favorable payment terms negotiated with overseas suppliers. With our Thailand operational presence, we have built an operational structure that, through relationships with factory-suppliers both in Thailand and China combined with our expertise, that under normal operating circumstances, can develop and release quality, innovative products to the marketplace substantially quicker than in previous years.

Our historical ability to generate cash from operations has been one of our fundamental strengths and has provided us with flexibility in meeting our operating, financing and investing needs in the past. However, the Company has not achieved sufficient sales of Smart Mirror products, whether online or by brick-and-mortar retail sales, to compensate for the drop in LED Lighting Product sales.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company used cash in operations of approximately $1.9 million and generated net operating losses of $2.6 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had working capital deficit of $448 thousand and an accumulated deficit of $9.1 million. The Company’s cash balance decreased by approximately $1.2 million from $1.3 million as of December 31, 2021 to $61 thousand as of December 31, 2022. With the reduced revenues in 2022 and to conserve cash, the Company initiated an expense mitigation plan that reduced discretionary spending including travel, lodging and trade show expenses, deferred executive management compensation, and closed the Hong Kong operation. These efforts assisted the Company in conserving cash and allowing for expenditures to move the re-launch of the Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror forward and continued research and development efforts in additional Connected Surfaces product lines such as the Connected Chef kitchen utility device. The Company has decided to re-focus their marketing strategy in 2023 and move back to brick and mortar and Big Box retailers, which was their core strength with the Lighting Products which they feel they can easily replicate with the Connected Surfaces product lines.

The Company has a recent history of losses and negative cash from operations. The uncertainty and the continuing negative impact of a slowing economy, rising inflation and COVID-19 disruption could negatively impact the demand for our products or delay future planned promotional opportunities. With the Smart Mirror portfolio and potential for additional Connected Surface devices, the Company requires an inventory credit facility to support increased U.S. domestic inventory to facilitate revenue growth in the online business.

On January 4, 2021, the Company entered a $750,000 working capital loan agreement with Directors, Stewart Wallach and Jeffrey Postal. The short-term facility ended June 30, 2021 (“Initial Period’). The Company had the option to extend the Initial Period for an additional six consecutive months, ending December 31, 2021, but decided not to renew.

On April 5, 2021, the Company entered into five separate securities purchase agreements (“SPAs”) whereby the Company privately placed an aggregate of 2,496,667 shares of Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price $1,498,000 (transactions being referred to as the “Private Placement”). The five investors in the Private Placement consisted of four private equity funds and one individual – all being “accredited investors” (under Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (“Securities Act”). The $1,498,000 in proceeds from the Private Placement was used mostly to purchase start up inventory for the Company’s new Smart Mirror product line, for a major online e-commerce fulfilment company, and the remainder for advertising and working capital.

On July 2, 2021, the Board of Directors (“Board”) resolved that the Company required a purchase order funding facility to procure additional inventory to support the online Smart Mirror product. The Board resolved that certain Directors could negotiate the terms of a Purchase Order Funding Agreement for up to $1,020,000 with Directors S. Wallach and J. Postal and E. Fleisig, a natural person. On October 18, 2021, the Company received the $1,020,000 funding under this agreement. The term of the agreement is 30 months with principal accruing a simple interest rate of 5 percent per annum. These loans may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On May 1, 2022, the Company negotiated three $200,000 working capital funding agreements, to provide $600,000 in funding for daily operations. The Board resolved that certain Directors could negotiate the terms of a Working Capital Funding Agreement for up to a total of $600,000, with Directors S. Wallach (through Group Nexus, a company controlled by Mr. Wallach), J. Postal and Mouhaned Khoury, a natural person. On May 1^st the three individual agreements became effective. The term of each agreement is 18 months with principal accruing a simple interest rate of 5 percent per annum. These loans may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On October 13, 2022, the Company negotiated a $50,000 Working Capital Funding agreement with Jeffrey Postal, a director, to provide funding for daily operations (the “Working Capital Funding Agreement”). The term of this agreement is 18 months and principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

On December 1, 2022, the Company negotiated a $50,000 Working Capital Funding agreement with Jeffrey Postal, a director, to provide funding for daily operations (the “Working Capital Funding Agreement”). The term of this agreement is 18 months and principal accrues simple interest at a rate of 5 percent per annum. The loan may be prepaid in full or partially without any penalty.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a total of $1,802,230 outstanding on the above referenced funding agreements, which includes accrued interest of $82,231.

The Company’s ability to maintain sufficient working capital is highly dependent upon achieving expected operating results. Failure to achieve expected operating results could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s working capital, ability to obtain financing, and its operations in the future.

In addition, we may seek alternative sources of liquidity, including but not limited to accessing the capital markets, or the Company may be able to raise the required additional capital through debt and or equity financing. However, instability in, or tightening of the capital markets, could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets on terms acceptable to us. The Company can make no assurances that it will be able to raise the required capital, on acceptable terms or at all. Management believes that with the cash on hand, and our availability will be adequate to meet the Company’s cash needs for daily operations for the short-term period, however the Company does not have sufficient cash on hand to finance its plan of operations for the next 12 months from the filing of this report and will need to seek additional capital through debt and/or equity financing. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Summary of Cash Flows

As of December 31, 2022 the Company’s working capital deficit was approximately $448 thousand of which $61 thousand was cash. Current liabilities were $967 thousand and include:

Cash Flows provided by (used in) Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities was approximately $1.9 million in 2022 compared with approximately $2.4 million in 2021. The cash used in operating activities in 2022 included the negative cash impact of the net loss, which was approximately $2.6 million, offset by a decrease of prepaid expenses of $463 thousand, a decrease in inventory of $97 thousand, a decrease in accounts payable of $229 thousand, netted against a decrease in tax refund for $284 thousand.

Cash Flows used in Investing Activities

Cash provided by in investing activities in 2021 was $0 compared to cash used in investing activities of $32 thousand in 2021. The Company continued to invest in new product molds and tooling. With the product expansion into the Smart Mirror categories, the Company’s purchased tooling and product molds in 2021. In 2022, the Company began a re-engineering of the Smart Mirror for its next rollout for version two and decided the current tooling and product molds will not manufacture the mold for version two, and therefore removed the equipment from the balance sheet as it will not provide any future resources to the Company. Future capital requirements will increase to fund future mold and tooling as the Company expands the Connected Surfaces portfolio.

Cash Flows used in Financing Activities

Cash received and used in financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was approximately $688 thousand and $2.4 million, respectively. During 2022, the Company received $700,000 in working capital funding netted against a $12 thousand repurchase of common shares. In 2021, the Company received approximately $1.4 million from sales of common stock and approximately $1.0 million purchase order funding received from related party note payable during the year 2021.

The Company has negotiated beneficial payment terms with our main overseas manufacturers including the new supplier in Thailand, which has resulted in reduced funding requirements to produce newly launched products.

Exchange Rates

We sell all of our products in U.S. dollars and pay for all of our manufacturing costs in U.S. dollars. Our factories are located in Thailand. During 2021 the average exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and Chinese Yuan have been relatively stable approximately RMB 6.90 to U.S. $1.00.

The average exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and Thai Baht has been relatively stable at approximately Baht 34.53 to U.S. $1.00.

While exchange rates have been stable for several years, we cannot assure you that the exchange rate between the United States, Chinese and Thailand currencies will continue to be stable and exchange rate fluctuations may have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have material off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

DIVIDENDS

We have not declared or paid any cash or other dividends on shares of our Common Stock in the last eight years and we presently have no intention of paying any cash dividends on shares of our Common Stock.

RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

See Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements at Item 15 of this Report.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements at Item 15 of this Report.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions regarding matters that are inherently uncertain and that ultimately affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expense, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition; inventory valuation; depreciation; amortization and the recovery of long-lived assets; including goodwill and intangible assets; shared base-based payment expense; product warranty; and other reserves and assumptions based on management’s experience and understanding of current facts and circumstances, historical experience and other relevant factors. These estimates may differ from actual results. Certain of our accounting policies are considered critical as they are both important to reflect our financial position and results of operations and require significant or complex judgement on the part of management. The following is a summary of certain accounting policies considered critical by management.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue from developing, marketing and selling consumer electronic products through national and regional retailers. The Company’s products are targeted for applications such as home indoor and outdoor lighting as well as Internet-of-Thing devices and will have different functionalities. Capstone currently operates in the consumer electronic products category in the Unites States and in specific overseas markets. These products may be offered either under the Capstone brand or a private brand.

A sales contract occurs when the customer-retailer submits a purchase order to buy a specific product, a specific quantity, at an agreed-fixed price, within a ship window, from a specific location and on agreed payment terms. The selling price in all of our customers’ orders has been previously negotiated and agreed to including any applicable discount prior to receiving the customer’s purchase order. The stated unit price in the customer’s order has already been determined and is fixed at the time of invoicing.

The Company recognizes product revenue when the Company’s performance obligations as per the terms in the customers purchase order have been fully satisfied, specifically, when the specified product and quantity ordered has been manufactured and shipped pursuant to the customers requested ship window, when the sales price as detailed in the purchase order is fixed, when the product title and risk of loss for that order has passed to the customer, and collection of the invoice is reasonably assured. This means that the product ordered and to be shipped has gone through quality assurance inspection, customs and commercial documentation preparation, the goods delivered, title transferred to the customer and confirmed by a signed cargo receipt or bill of lading. Only at the time of shipment when all performance obligations have been satisfied will the judgement be made to invoice the customer and complete the sales contract.

With the Company launching the Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror program, the direct-to-consumer orders are sold initially through e-commerce platforms. The Company also sells the Connected Surfaces Smart Mirror program through independent retailers. The Company will only bill the customer and recognize revenue upon the customer obtaining control of the Smart Mirror order which will occur upon delivery.

The Company may enter into a licensing agreement with globally recognized companies, that allows the Company to market products under a licensed brand to retailers for a designated period of time, and whereby the Company will pay a royalty fee, typically a percentage of licensed product revenue to the licensor in order to market the licensed product.

The Company may also enter into a private label agreement, whereby the Company produces and ships products to a customer that has been packaged and will be marketed under the customers own private label.

The Company expenses license royalty fees and sales commissions when incurred and these expenses are recognized during the period the related sale is recorded. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses.

We provide our customers with limited rights of return for non-conforming product warranty claims. As a policy, the Company does not accept product returns from retail customers, however occasionally as part of a customers in store test for new product, we may receive back residual inventory.

Customer orders received are not long-term orders and are typically shipped within six months of the order receipt, but certainly within a one-year period.

Our payment terms may vary by the type of customer, the customer’s credit standing, the location where the product will be picked up from and for international customers, which country their corporate office is located. The term between invoicing date and when payment is due may vary between 30 days and 90 days depending on the customer type. In order to ensure there are no payment issues, overseas customers or new customers may be required to provide a deposit or full payment before the order is delivered to the customer.

The Company selectively supports retailer’s initiatives to maximize sales of the Company’s products on the retail floor or to assist in developing consumer awareness of new products launches, by providing marketing fund allowances to the customer. The Company recognizes these incentives at the time they are offered to the customers and records a credit to their account with an offsetting charge as either a reduction to revenue, increase to cost of sales, or marketing expenses depending on the type of sales incentives.

Sales reductions for anticipated discounts, promotional and marketing allowances, defective warranty claims, and other deductions are recognized during the period the related revenue is recorded. The Company may be subject to chargebacks from customers for negotiated promotional allowances, that are deducted from open invoices and reduce collectability of open invoices. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had processed approximately $26.7 thousand and $8.0 thousand, respectively for such allowances.

Accounts Receivable

For product revenue, the Company invoices its customers at the time of shipment for the sales value of the product shipped. Accounts receivables are recognized at the amount expected to be collected and are not subject to any interest or finance charges. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to any of its customers.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In cases where the Company becomes aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations subsequent to the original sale, the Company will recognize an allowance against amounts due, and thereby reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount the Company reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the length of time the receivables are past due and consideration of other factors such as industry conditions, the current business environment and the Company’s historical payment experience. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for bad debts charged to earnings. This evaluation is inherently subjective and requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available.

As of both Decembers 31, 2022 and 2021, management determined that the accounts receivable is fully collectible. As such, management has not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts.

Goodwill

On September 13, 2006, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with Capstone Industries, Inc., a Florida corporation (“Capstone”). Capstone was incorporated in Florida on May 15, 1996 and is engaged primarily in the business of wholesaling technology inspired consumer products to distributors and retailers in the United States. Under the Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Capstone’s Common Stock, and recorded goodwill of $1,936,020.

Goodwill acquired in business combinations is initially computed as the amount paid by the acquiring company in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which requires an entity to perform a one-step quantitative impairment test, whereby a goodwill impairment loss will be measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). ASU 2017-04 was effective for the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill is tested for impairment on December 31 of each year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company estimates the fair value of its single reporting unit relative to the Company’s market capitalization.

As a result of the economic uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic during the year ended December 31, 2021, management determined sufficient indicators existed to trigger the performance of interim goodwill impairment analyses for each reporting quarter. The total impairment charge for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0, respectively.

With the continuing economic uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the capital markets may have a downturn and adversely affect the Company’s stock price which will require the Company to test its goodwill for impairment in future reporting periods. The Company’s stock is deemed a “penny stock” under Commission rules.

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities contained in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets include accruals for estimated amounts of credits to be issued in future years based on potential product warranties, compensation, benefits, marketing allowances and other liabilities.

Income Taxes

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions and certain other jurisdictions. The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 740 Income Taxes. ASC 740 requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future income tax consequences, based on enacted tax laws, of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Company and its U.S. subsidiaries file consolidated income tax returns.

Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the relaxed tax laws and regulations and require significant judgement to apply. The Company is not subject to U.S. federal, state and local tax examinations by tax authorities generally for a period of 3 years from the later of each return due date or date filed.

If the Company were to subsequently record an unrecognized tax benefit, associated penalties and tax related interest expense would be recorded as a component of income tax expense.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $5,028,000 and $6,495,000 respectively. The federal net operating loss is available to the Company indefinitely and available to offset up to 80% of future taxable income each year. The net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $285,000 and $274,000, respectively, and is reflected in long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted into law. The CARES Act is a tax and spending package intended to provide economic relief to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act includes several significant income and other business tax provisions that, among other things, provided for the Employee Retention Tax Credit (“ERTC"), a refundable tax credit for businesses that continued to pay employees while shut down due to COVID-19 or had significant declines in gross receipts from March 13, 2022 to December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded a net tax receivable of $0 and $284,876, respectively, related to the ERTC. During 2022, the Company received a refund of $231,155 with the remaining receivable balance of $53,721 included as income tax expense on the consolidated statements of operations as of December 31, 2022.

The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, was (2.61%) and (0.77%) and the statutory tax rate was 25.39% in 2022 and 23.7% in 2021.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position.

Deferred tax assets are to be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred assets will not be realized. The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon its ability to realize the deferred tax assets. Management has considered the Company’s history of cumulative net losses incurred and has concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of the deferred tax assets. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been established against the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Since indefinite-lived assets cannot be used as a source of taxable income to support the realization of deferred tax asset, a valuation allowance was recorded against the deferred tax assets, and a net deferred tax liability or naked credit of approximately $285,000 and $274,000 is presented on the company’s balance sheet, respectively. The Company’s valuation allowance increased by $740,508 in 2022.

The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. While the Company believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns, the Company regularly assesses the potential outcome of examinations by tax authorities in determining the adequacy of its provision for income taxes.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. (Not Applicable)

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The financial statements and financial statement schedules of CAPC as well as supplementary data are listed in Item 15 below and are included after the signature page to this Form 10-K report.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Based on an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act were effective as of December 31, 2022, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on the Company’s assessment, management has concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because the Company is a smaller reporting company, this Form 10-K report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm.

Management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2021, which were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Chairman of our Audit Committee has reviewed the internal control reports in detail and has spoken to the external auditors in depth about the audit, the internal controls and the auditors’ findings. The Chairman has had detailed discussions with the auditors about these matters, prior to, during, and on completion of the audit.

The certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer attached as Exhibits 31 and 32 and to this Report include information concerning our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. Such certifications should be read in conjunction with the information incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, for a more complete understanding of the matters covered by such certifications.

Item 9B. Other Information. None

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspection. Not applicable.

Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

CURRENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The incumbent and current members of the Board of Directors are:

Each Director’s term is for one year. Company Directors have typically been elected in the past by written consent of stockholders holding more than 50% of the current voting power. The Company uses the written consent because a small number of shareholders have sufficient voting power to decide the election of Directors and approval or denial of any other corporate resolution and the cost of conducting an annual stockholders’ meeting is significant for a small reporting company. The Company conducts regular stockholder-investor conference calls to allow stockholders to interact with Company senior management and to ask questions of that management.

Further, stockholders may make inquiries in writing by sending their inquiries to Aimee Gaudet, Secretary, Capstone Companies, Inc., 431 Fairway Drive, Suite 200, Deerfield Beach, Florida 33441. The information required in Part III of this Form 10-K report is set forth in the information statement filed for the written consent approval of nominee slates of Directors and the requirements for stockholders to submit proposed resolutions and Director nominees is set forth in this Form 10-K report.

DIRECTOR PROFILES

Stewart Wallach, Age 71, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors since April 23, 2007, a director of the Company since September 22, 2006, and the founder and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Capstone Industries, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, and principal operating subsidiary of the Company since September 20, 2006. Mr. Wallach is an American entrepreneur and has founded and operated a number of successful businesses over his 35-year career. Over the past 15 years, Mr. Wallach has been focused on technology-based companies in addition to consumer product businesses, the field in which he has spent most of his career. Prior to founding Capstone Industries, Inc., he sold Systematic Marketing, Inc., which designed, manufactured, and marketed automotive consumer products to mass markets, to Sagaz Industries, Inc., a leader in these categories. He served as President of Sagaz Industries, Inc. for 10 years before forming Capstone Industries, Inc. In 1998, Mr. Wallach co-founded Examsoft Worldwide, Inc. (“Examsoft”), which developed and delivered software technology solving security challenges of laptop-based examinations for major educational institutions and state bar examiners. Mr. Wallach remained chairman of Examsoft until it was acquired in late 2009. Mr. Wallach has designed and patented a number of innovations over the span of his career and has been traveling to China establishing manufacturing and joint venture relationships since the early 1980s.

James “Gerry” McClinton, Age 67, Chief Financial Officer and Director until November 30, 2022. Mr. McClinton was appointed as a director of the Company on February 5, 2008 and retired effective November 30, 2022. He was the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of the Company and its Capstone Industries, Inc. subsidiary. His prior work experience is: (a) President of Capstone Industries, Inc. (2005 -2007); (b) General Manager of Capstone Industries, Inc. (2000-2005); (c) Held senior officer positions with Sagaz Industries, Inc. (1990-2000); and (d) Chief Financial Officer, Firedoor Corporation, a national manufacturer of security and fire doors to the construction industry (1980-1990). Mr. McClinton received a designation from The Royal Institute of Cost and Management Accountants (“I.C.M.A.”), University of Northern Ireland, Belfast, United Kingdom.

Dr. Jeffrey Postal, Age 65. Director. He has served as a director of the Company since January of 2004. Dr. Postal presently is a businessman and entrepreneur in the Miami, Florida region. Dr. Postal owns, founded or funded numerous successful businesses over the last few years, including but not limited to: Sportacular Art, a company that was licensed by the National Football League, Major League Baseball and National Hockey League to design and manufacture sports memorabilia for retail distribution in the U.S; Co-Owner of Natures Sleep, LLC, a major distributor of Visco Memory Foam mattresses, both nationally and internationally; Dr. Postal is a Partner in Social Extract, LLC, a Social Media company offering consulting services to many major companies in the U.S.; Dr. Postal is the principal investor of Postal Capital Funding, LLC, a private investment fund whose mission is to find undervalued/under capitalized companies and extend funding to them in exchange for equity and/or capital consideration; and Dr. Postal is the founder of Datastream Card Services, a company that provides innovative billing solutions to companies conducting business on the internet.

Jeffrey Guzy, Age 70. Director. He was appointed to the Company’s Board of Directors on May 3, 2007. He serves as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of CoJax Oil and Gas Corporation, an SEC reporting company. Mr. Guzy is an outside director of Leatt Corporation, an SEC reporting company (OTCQB: LEAT). Mr. Guzy served, from October 2007 to August 2010 as President of Leatt Corporation. Mr. Guzy has a MBA in Strategic Planning and Management from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania; a M.S. in Systems Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania; a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Penn State University; and a Certificate in Theology from Georgetown University. Mr. Guzy has served as an executive manager or consultant for business development, sales, customer service and management in the telecommunications industry, specifically, with IBM Corp., Sprint International, Bell Atlantic Video Services, Loral CyberStar and FaciliCom International. Mr. Guzy has also started his own telecommunications company providing Internet services in Western Africa. He serves as an independent director and chairman of the audit committee of Purebase Corporation (OTC: PUBC) a public company.

George Wolf, Age 72. Mr. Wolf has provided sales and business development consulting services to the Company since 2014. Prior to Mr. Wolf providing these consulting services, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Systematic Development Group, LLC from 2010 into 2014, President and Chief Executive Officer of ExamSoft Worldwide, Inc. (1998 – 2009) and as Executive Vice President of Sagaz Industries, Inc. (1986 – 1997).

Set forth below is a tabular disclosure summarizing some of the specific qualifications, attributes, skills and experiences of our directors.

POLICY REGARDING BOARD ATTENDANCE

Company Directors are expected to attend all annual and special board meetings per Company policy. An attendance rate of less than 75% over any 12-month period is grounds for removal from the Board of Directors. In fiscal year 2022, six out of the seven Directors attended the (2) three board meetings.

Mr. Sloven ceased to participate as a director in 2022. Although he did not tender a formal resignation, he has made no effort to communicate as a director or to fulfill his duties as a director in the last half of 2022. As such, the Company deems Mr. Sloven to have constructively resigned as a director.

ROLE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the Chief Executive Officer and other senior management in order to assure that such officers are competent and ethical in running the Company on a day-to-day basis and to assure that the long-term interests of the stockholders are being served by such management. The Directors must take a pro-active focus and approach to their obligation in order to set and enforce standards to ensure that the Company is committed to business success through maintenance of the highest standards of responsibility and ethics. The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics, which is posted on http://capstonecompaniesinc.com. The contents of the Company Website are not incorporated herein by reference and that Website provided in this Report is intended to be an inactive textual reference only.

AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee was established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58) (A) of the Exchange Act. It is primarily responsible for overseeing the services performed by the Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, evaluating the Company’s accounting policies and its system of internal controls and reviewing significant financial transactions. The members of the Audit Committee in fiscal year 2022 were Jeffrey Guzy and Jeffrey Postal. The Company believes that Mr. Guzy is an Independent Director under SEC and NASDAQ applicable standards. The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Guzy qualifies as an “Audit Committee Financial Expert” as defined under applicable SEC rules and also meets the additional criteria for independence of Audit Committee members set forth in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act.

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee is responsible for providing oversight to Company’s accounting and financial reporting processes and the audit of the Company’s financial statements. The Audit Committee monitors the Company’s external audit process, including auditor independence matters, the scope and fees related to audits, and the extent to which the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm may be retained to perform non-audit services. The Audit Committee also reviews the results of the external audit with regard to the adequacy and appropriateness of our financial, accounting and internal controls over financial reporting. It also generally oversees the Company’s internal compliance programs. The function of the Audit Committee is not intended to duplicate or to certify the activities of the management and the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, nor can the Audit Committee certify that the independent registered public accounting firm is “independent” under applicable rules. The Audit Committee members are not professional accountants or auditors. Under its Charter, the Audit Committee has authority to retain outside legal, accounting or other advisors as it deems necessary to carry out its duties and to require the Company to pay for such expenditures.

The Audit Committee provides counsel, advice and direction to management and the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on matters for which it is responsible, based on the information it receives from management and the independent registered public accounting firm and the experience of its members in business, financial and accounting matters.

The Company’s management is responsible for the preparation and integrity of its financial statements, accounting and financial reporting principles, and internal controls and procedures designed to ensure compliance with accounting standards, applicable laws and regulations.

In this context, the Audit Committee hereby reports as follows:

The foregoing report is provided by the undersigned Chairman of the Audit Committee.

/s/Jeffrey Guzy

Jeffrey Guzy, Chairman of Audit Committee

COMPENSATION AND NOMINATION COMMITTEE (“Compensation and Nomination Committee”)

Company’s Compensation and Nomination Committee is currently composed of two members (both Company directors): Mr. Jeffrey Guzy and Mr. Jeffrey Postal. Only Mr. Guzy, who serves as Chairman of the Compensation and Nomination Committee, is “independent” within the meaning of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.

Company’s Compensation and Nomination Committee assists the Company Board of Directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of executive officers, including all forms of compensation to be provided to the executive officers. The chief executive officer and chief financial officer may not be present at any Compensation and Nomination Committee meeting during which the executive’s compensation is discussed and deliberated.

The Compensation and Nomination Committee is responsible for, among other customary duties, the following:

CODE OF ETHICS

The Company has a code of ethics that applies to all of the Company’s employees, including its principal executive officer, and principal financial officer, and its Board. A copy of this code is available on http://www.capstonecompaniesinc.com. The Company intends to disclose any changes in or waivers from its code of ethics by posting such information on its website or by filing a Form 8-K Report.

DIRECTOR MEETINGS IN FISCAL YEAR 2022

The Board of Directors had (2) three official meetings in year 2022. During 2022, six out of the seven Directors attended 75% or more of the Board meeting, which were held during the period of time that such person served on the Board or such committee.

Board Leadership Structure and Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

The Company’s Board of Directors endorses the view that one of its primary functions is to protect stockholders’ interests by providing independent oversight of management, including the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Financial Officer is allowed and encouraged to address the Board of Directors on any issues affecting the Company or its stockholders. The Company also allows outside counsel to participate in some of the board meetings in order to provide legal counsel and an outside perspective on corporate governance and risk issues.

Board Structure. The Company believes that the Chief Executive Officer or “CEO” should also serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors in order to have the person most knowledgeable about the Company heading the Board of Directors.

The CEO is responsible for setting the strategic direction for the Company and the day-to-day leadership and performance of the Company, while the Chairman of the Board of Directors provides guidance to senior management and sets the agenda for Board of Directors meetings and presides over meetings of the full Board of Directors.

Our CEO serves on our Board of Directors, which we believe helps the CEO serve as a bridge between management and the Board of Directors, ensuring that both groups act with a common purpose. We believe that the CEO’s presence on the Board of Directors enhances his ability to provide insight and direction on important strategic initiatives to both management and the independent directors and, at the same time, ensures that the appropriate level of independent oversight is applied to all decisions by the Board of Directors.

The Chairman of the Board has no greater nor lesser vote on matters considered by the Board than any other director, and neither the Chairman nor any other director votes on any related party transaction. All directors of the Company, including the Chairman, are bound by fiduciary obligations, imposed by law, to serve the best interests of the stockholders. Accordingly, separating the offices of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer would not serve to enhance or diminish the fiduciary duties of any director of the Company.

Board of Director – 2022 Compensation Table

On July 5, 2022, the Company approved that the cash compensation for services as a director and services as a member of the Audit Committee, Compensation and Nomination Committee for independent directors Jeffrey Postal and Jeffrey Guzy was suspended for the remainder of 2022.

On July 5, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company held a special meeting and approved the following corporate actions or proposals:

On September 30, 2022, the Board rescinded the approval of the record date of July 8, 2022 and approved the record date to be changed to September 30, 2022. The election of directors has been postponed until 2023.

On May 6, 2021, the Company approved the following basic compensation arrangement for independent directors of the Company, effective August 6, 2021 and ending August 5, 2022: A total compensation value of $15,000 per annum, payable $750 monthly cash compensation or $9,000 or (60% of total value) and remainder $6,000 payable in non-qualified stock options issuable as of August 6, 2022 and with an exercise price equal to market price of common stock as of August 6, 2021, less 20% (discount).

George Wolf, who was appointed as a director on January 13, 2022, waived any compensation as a director for 2022.

On May 31, 2019, the Company approved that effective on June 1, 2019, each independent director, namely Jeffrey Guzy and Jeffrey Postal, would each receive $750 per calendar month, as a Form 1099 compensation, for their continued services as directors of the Company. This compensation would be additional to the stock option grants awarded for their participation on the Audit Committee and Compensation and Nominating Committee.

On May 31, 2019, the Company also approved that the independent directors would be offered effective from June 1, 2019, the opportunity to participate as a non-employee in the Company’s Health Benefit Plan, subject to compliance with all plan participation requirements and on acceptance into the plan the director will be responsible to pay 100% of their plan’s participation cost.

On June 10, 2020, the Company approved that effective on August 1, 2020 until August 1, 2021, each independent director, namely Jeffrey Guzy and Jeffrey Postal, would each receive $750 per calendar month, as a Form 1099 compensation, for their continued services as directors of the Company. This compensation would be additional to the stock option grants awarded for their participation on the Audit Committee and Compensation and Nominating Committee. For both years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, both directors each received $5,250 each as Form 1099 compensation.

Independent Directors. The Board of the Company is typically comprised five directors, one of whom is an independent director under the listing standards of quotation systems like The NASDAQ Stock Market. The Company has sought unsuccessfully to recruit qualified independent directors. Although we have D&O insurance, we believe that past losses and low public stock market price discourages qualified candidates from serving as independent directors. This is a problem commonly faced by micro-cap, “penny stock” companies like our Company.

Our senior officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of risks the Company faces, while the Board, as a whole and through its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. In its risk oversight role, the Board of Directors has the responsibility to satisfy itself that the risk management processes designed and implemented by management are adequate and functioning as designed. To do this, the Chairman of the Board and other non-officer directors met quarterly on average with management to discuss strategy and the risks facing the Company. Senior management, each member being also a director, attends the Board meetings and is available to address any questions or concerns raised by the Board on risk management and any other matters. The Chairman of the Board and members of the Board work together to provide strong, independent oversight of the Company’s management and affairs through its standing committees and, when necessary, special meetings of directors. Since most of the directors live in the same area, informal meetings between directors and officers also occur to discuss business risk and appropriate responses.

Director - Minimum Qualifications. The Compensation and Nominating Committee has adopted a set of criteria that it considers when it selects individuals not currently on the Board of Directors to be nominated for election to the Board of Directors. A candidate must meet the eligibility requirements set forth in the Company’s Bylaws. A candidate must also meet any qualification requirements set forth in any Board or committee governing documents. If the candidate is deemed eligible for election to the Board of Directors, the Compensation and Nominating Committee will then evaluate the prospective nominee to determine if he or she possesses the following qualifications, qualities or skills:

The Compensation and Nominating Committee will also consider any other factors it deems relevant. With respect to nominating an existing director for re-election to the Board of Directors, the Compensation and Nominating Committee will consider and review an existing director’s Board and committee attendance and performance; length of Board service; experience, skills and contributions that the existing director brings to the Board; and independence.

Director Nomination Process. The process that the Compensation and Nominating Committee follows when it identifies and evaluates individuals to be nominated for election to the Board of Directors is as follows:

For purposes of identifying nominees for the Board of Directors, the Compensation and Nominating Committee relies on personal contacts of the committee members and other members of the Board of Directors and will consider director candidates recommended by stockholders in accordance with the policy and procedures set forth above. The Compensation and Nominating Committee has not used an independent search firm to identify nominees.

In evaluating potential nominees, the Compensation and Nominating Committee determines whether the candidate is eligible and qualified for service on the Board of Directors by evaluating the candidate under the selection criteria, which are discussed in more detail below. If such individual fulfills these criteria, the Compensation and Nominating Committee will conduct a check of the individual’s background and interview the candidate to further assess the qualities of the prospective nominee and the contributions he or she would make to the Board of Directors.

Consideration of Recommendation by Stockholders. It is the policy of the Compensation and Nomination Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company to consider director candidates recommended by stockholders who appear to be qualified to serve on the Company’s Board of Directors. The Compensation and Nominating Committee may choose not to consider an unsolicited recommendation if no vacancy exists on the Board of Directors and the Compensation and Nomination Committee does not perceive a need to increase the size of the Board of Directors. To avoid the unnecessary use of the Compensation and Nominating Committee’s resources, the Compensation and Nomination Committee will consider only those director candidates recommended in accordance with the procedures set forth below.

Stockholder Proposal Procedures. To submit a recommendation of a director candidate to the Compensation and Nomination Committee, a stockholder should submit the following information in writing, addressed to the Chairperson of the Compensation and Nomination Committee, care of the Corporate Secretary, at the main office of the Company:

In order for a director candidate to be considered for nomination at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, when and if one is held, or to be considered prior to a written consent vote on director nominees, the recommendation must be received by the Compensation and Nominating Committee at least 30 days before the date of the annual meeting or, in the case of an information statement and no shareholder meeting being held, prior to April 1st.

MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY

CURRENT OFFICERS. The current officers of the Company are:

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP: There is no family relationship between members of Company management.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports .

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires the Company’s directors and executive officers, and owners of more than ten percent of the Company’s Common Shares (“10% stockholders”), to file with the Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of Common Shares of the Company. Executive officers, directors and 10% stockholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all forms they file pursuant to Section 16(a).

To the Company’s knowledge, based on review of the copies of such reports furnished to the Company, and with respect to the officers and directors, representations that no other reports were required, during the year ended December 31, 2022, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its executive officers, directors and 10% stockholders were complied with.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Role of Management

The Company believes that it is important to have our Chief Executive Officer’s input in the design of compensation programs for his direct reports. The Chief Executive Officer reviews his direct reports’ compensation programs annually with the Committee, evaluating the adequacy relative to the marketplace, inflation, internal equity, external competitiveness, business and motivational challenges and opportunities facing the Company and its executives. In particular, he considers base salary a critical component of compensation to remain competitive and retain his executives. All final decisions regarding compensation for the Chief Executive Officer’s direct reports listed in the Summary Compensation Table are made by the Compensation Committee. The Chief Executive Officer does not make recommendations with regard to his own compensation.

Role of the Compensation Consultant

While we may consult industry sources on compensation for executives, we have not engaged a consultant to analyze our compensation levels.

Compensation Components

For 2022, the principal components of compensation for each named executive officer (“NEO(s)”) were:

Due to the financial condition of the Company, cash compensation has been deferred in fiscal years 2021 and 2022 and into first fiscal quarter of 2023 - See “Salary Deferrals” below.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Footnotes:

(1) On February 5, 2020, the Company entered into a new Employment Agreement with Stewart Wallach, whereby Mr. Wallach will be paid $301,521 per annum.

(2) On February 5, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Stewart Wallach, whereby Mr. Wallach would be paid $301,521 per annum.

(3) On February 5, 2016, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Stewart Wallach, whereby Mr. Wallach would be paid $301,521 per annum.

(4) On February 5, 2020, the Company entered into a new Employment Agreement with James McClinton, , whereby Mr. McClinton would be paid $191,442 per annum.

(5) On February 5, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with James McClinton, whereby Mr. McClinton would be paid $191,442 per annum.

(6) On February 5, 2016, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with James McClinton, whereby Mr. McClinton would be paid $191,442 per annum.

(7) The Company has no non-equity incentive plans.

(8) The Company has no established bonus plan. Any bonus payments are made ad hoc upon recommendation of the Compensation Committee. Bonuses are only paid on a performance basis.

(9) On September 1, 2020, fifty percent of both Mr. Wallach and Mr. McClinton’s salary for the period September 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 was accrued and deferred for payment until further notice.

(10) On January 1, 2021, fifty percent of both Mr. Wallach and Mr. McClinton’s salary for the period January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2021 was deferred for payment until further notice.

(11) On January 1, 2022, fifty percent of both Mr. Wallach and Mr. McClinton’s salary was deferred for payment until further notice.

(12) On October 1, 2022, one hundred percent of Mr. Wallach’s salary was deferred for payment until further notice.

Key Developments impacting Executive Compensation

The financial condition of the Company as of 2022 and into the first fiscal quarter of 2023 has caused the Company to defer cash compensation of senior executives. The Company did not replace the retired chief financial officer with a full-time chief financial officer. There were no grants of incentive compensation to senior executives. The deferral of compensation for senior executive officers is anticipated to continue in fiscal year 2023 if the financial condition of the Company does not significantly improve. See “Salary Deferrals” below.

Compensation Objectives

The overall objectives of the Company’s compensation program for NEO’s are as follows:

CEO Pay Ratio

As required by Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information regarding the ratio of the annual total compensation of the Company’s median employee to the annual total compensation of Stewart Wallach, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President. We consider the pay ratio specified below to be a reasonable estimate, calculated in a manner that is intended to be consistent with the requirements of Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022:

Pay versus Performance Table

The Company chose December 31, 2022, as the date for determining the employee population used to identify the median employee. The Company used base salaries to identify the median employee because the Company does not widely distribute annual equity awards to employees and because this measure approximately reflects the total annual compensation of employees. The Company calculated the median employee’s and the Chief Executive Officer’s annual total compensation consistent with the disclosure requirements for the Summary Compensation Table. For purposes of this calculation, the median employee’s annual total compensation consisted of wages, premium pay (including overtime and holiday pay), paid time off, non-equity incentive plan compensation, change in pension value and retirement plan contributions.

Compensation Peer Review

To better review the compensation practices of similar companies (“peer group companies”), the Company has from time to time in the past reviewed the median compensation levels of companies of peer group companies as a reference point for determining the competitiveness of the Company’s compensation of its principal executive officers. No peer group companies review was conducted in 2022 due to the financial condition of the Company and the deferral of cash compensation of the principal executive officers.

Executive Compensation Best Practices the Company Follows

Compensation Philosophy

The Company’s guiding philosophy in setting executive compensation is that the compensation of executive officers should reflect the scope of their job responsibilities and the level of individual and corporate performance achieved. With the declining financial condition of the Company in 2022 and into the first fiscal quarter of 2023, the compensation of senior executives has been deferred to conserve cash for basic operating overhead.

The Company endeavors to strike an appropriate balance between long-term and current cash compensation. The current executives are key to the ability of the Company to conduct its business because of their individual experience and relationships in our current business line. Their compensation reflects their individual value to the ability of the Company to conduct its current business.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS

Stewart Wallach, Chief Executive Officer and President

On February 5, 2020, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Stewart Wallach, whereby Mr. Wallach would be paid $301,521 per annum. The term of this new agreement began February 5, 2020, and ends February 5, 2023. The parties may extend the employment period of this agreement by mutual consent with approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, but the extension may not exceed two years in length.

The February 5, 2020, Employment Agreement with Mr. Wallach was filed by the Company as an exhibit to Report Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 - (as filed by the Company with the Commission on March 30, 2020).

Gerry McClinton, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer

On February 5, 2020, the Company entered an Employment Agreement with James McClinton, whereby Mr. McClinton would be paid $191,442 per annum. The term of this new agreement began February 5, 2020, and ends February 5, 2022. The parties may extend the employment period of this agreement by mutual consent with approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, but the extension may not exceed one year in length.

The February 5, 2020, Employment Agreement with Mr. McClinton was filed by the Company as an exhibit to Report Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (as filed by the Company with the Commission on March 30, 2020).

Effective as of November 30, 2022, Mr. McClinton resigned from his position and retired from the Company.

Salary Deferrals

Effective September 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, payments equivalent to fifty percent of both Mr. Wallach and Mr. McClinton’s salary or approximately $48,707 and $30,925, respectively, will be deferred until further notice.

Effective January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2021, further payments equivalent to fifty percent of both Mr. Wallach and Mr. McClinton’s salary or approximately $40,589 and $25,771, respectively, will be deferred until further notice.

On January 1, 2022, fifty percent of both Mr. Wallach and Mr. McClinton’s salary was deferred for payment until further notice.

On October 1, 2022, one hundred percent of Mr. Wallach’s salary was deferred for payment until further notice.

Common Provisions in both new Employment Agreements:

The following provisions are contained in each of the above employment agreements: If the officer’s employment is terminated by death or disability or without cause, the Company is obligated to pay to the officer’s estate or the officer, an amount equal to accrued and unpaid base salary as well as all accrued but unused vacation days through the date of termination. The Company will also pay sum payments equal to (a) the sum of twelve (12) months base salary at the rate the Executive was earning as of the date of termination and (b) the sum of “merit” based bonuses earned by the Executive during the prior calendar year of his termination. Any payments owed by the Company shall be paid from a normal payroll account on a bi-weekly basis in accordance with the normal payroll policies of the Company. The amount owed by the Company to the Executive, from the effective Termination date, will be paid out bi-weekly over the course of the year but at no time will be no more than twenty (26) installments. The Company will also continue to pay the Executive’s health and dental insurance benefits for 6 months starting at the Executives date of termination. If the Executive had family health coverage at the time of termination, the additional family premium obligation would remain theirs and will be reduced against the Executive’s severance package. The employment agreements have an anti-competition provision for 18 months after the end of employment.

The above summary of the employment agreements is qualified by reference to the actual employment agreements, which were filed as exhibits to the Form 10-K by the Company for fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (as filed by the Company with the Commission on March 30, 2020).

These amended agreements supersede any existing employment agreements and are the only employment agreements with Company officers:

SUMMARY TABLE OF OPTION GRANTS TO OFFICERS OF COMPANY ⁽¹⁾

As of December 31, 2022   

OTHER COMPENSATION ⁽¹⁾

Footnotes:

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS FOR YEAR END 2022 TABLE

OPTIONS ⁽¹⁾

Footnotes: 

2022 OPTION EXERCISES AND VESTED OPTIONS

POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

Indemnification.

The Company maintains directors and officer’s liability insurance or “D&O insurance” coverage to reduce its exposure to such obligations, and payments made under these agreements historically have not been material. Further, the Company’s articles of incorporation and bylaws provide for indemnification of directors and officers.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

VOTING RIGHTS AND SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT:

The sole class of voting Common Stock of the Company as of March 11, 2023  , that are issued and outstanding is the Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, or “Common Stock”. The table below sets forth, as of March 11, 2023, (“Record Date”), certain information $0.0001 par value per share, or “Common Stock” information with respect to the Common Stock beneficially owned by (i) each Director, nominee and executive officer of the Company; (ii) each person who owns beneficially more than 5% of the Common Stock; and (iii) all Directors, nominees and executive officers as a group. There were 48,826,864 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 22, 2023  .

Notes to Table.