ORIT Oritani Financial Corporation

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Annual Report contains certain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such forward looking statements may be identified by reference to a future period or periods, or by use of forward looking terminology, such as "may," "will," "believe," "expect," "estimate," "anticipate," "continue," or similar terms or variations on those terms, or the negative of those terms. Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks, assumptions, and uncertainties, including, among other things, the following important factors that could affect the actual outcome of future events: general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market or service areas, that are worse than expected; significantly increased competition among depository and other financial institutions; inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins or fair value of financial instruments; changes in laws or government regulations affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements; our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities; changes in consumer spending, borrowing, and savings habits; changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, taxing authorities and the Financial Accounting Standards Board; and changes in our organization, compensation, and benefit plans.

 

Oritani Financial Corp. ("the Company") wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. The Company wishes to advise readers that the factors listed above could affect the Company's financial performance and could cause the Company's actual results for future periods to differ materially from any opinions or statements expressed with respect to future periods in any current statements. The Company does not undertake and specifically declines any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions, which may be made to any forward looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

 

Oritani Financial Corp.

 

Oritani Financial Corp. is the stock holding company for Oritani Bank.  It is a Delaware corporation that was incorporated in March 2010.  The Company is the successor to Oritani Financial Corp. ("Oritani-Federal"), a federal corporation and former stock holding company of Oritani Bank.  In conjunction with the second step transaction of Oritani Financial Corp., MHC, the former mutual holding company parent of Oritani-Federal, Oritani-Federal ceased to exist and the Company became its successor.  The second step transaction was completed on June 24, 2010 and accounted for as capital raised by entities under common control.  The Company sold a total of 41,363,214 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share in the related stock offering.  Concurrent with the completion of the offering, shares of Oritani-Federal common stock owned by public stockholders were exchanged for 1.50 shares of the Company's common stock.  In lieu of fractional shares, shareholders were paid in cash.  The Company also issued 481,546 shares of common stock for the accelerated vesting of restricted stock awards triggered by the conversion.  As a result of the offering, the exchange, and shares issued due to the accelerated vesting, as of June 30, 2010, the Company had 56,202,485 shares outstanding.  Net proceeds from the offering were $401.8 million.

 

Oritani Financial Corp. owns 100% of the outstanding shares of common stock of Oritani Bank. Oritani Financial Corp. primarily engages in the business of holding the common stock of Oritani Bank as well as two inactive limited liability companies that owned a variety of real estate investments. Oritani Financial Corp.'s executive office is located at 370 Pascack Road, in the Township of Washington, New Jersey 07676, and its telephone number is (201) 664-5400. Oritani Financial Corp. is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("FRB"). At June 30, 2018, Oritani Financial Corp. had consolidated assets of $4.17 billion, consolidated deposits of $2.92 billion and consolidated stockholders' equity of $559.3 million. Its consolidated net income for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 was $42.9 million.

 

Oritani Financial Corp.'s website ( www.oritani.com ) contains a link to the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission including copies of annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these filings, if any.  These filings are available, free of charge, as soon as practicable after they are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and can be found under the 'Investor Relations' heading.  Oritani-Federal filings can also be found here.  Information on the website should not be considered a part of this report.

 

Oritani Bank

 

General

 

Oritani Bank is a New Jersey-chartered savings bank headquartered in the Township of Washington, New Jersey. Oritani Bank was originally founded in 1911, as a New Jersey building and loan association. Over the years, Oritani Bank has expanded through internal growth as well as through a series of business combinations. Oritani Bank conducts business from its corporate office located at 370 Pascack Road, in the Township of Washington, New Jersey, lending offices in New York City and Cherry Hill, New Jersey. and its 25 branch offices located in the New Jersey counties of Bergen, Hudson, Essex and Passaic. The telephone number at its corporate office is (201) 664-5400. At June 30, 2018, Oritani Bank's assets totaled $4.17 billion and deposits totaled $2.92 billion.

 

Our principal business consists of attracting retail and commercial bank deposits from the general public in the areas surrounding our corporate office in the Township of Washington, New Jersey and our branch offices located in the New Jersey Counties of Bergen, Hudson, Essex and Passaic, and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations, in commercial real estate loans, one to four family residential mortgage loans as well as in second mortgage and equity loans, and investment securities. We originate loans primarily for investment and hold such loans in our portfolio. Occasionally, we will also enter into loan participations. Our revenues are derived principally from interest on loans and securities as well as our investments in real estate and real estate joint ventures. We also generate revenues from fees and service charges and other income. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, borrowings and principal and interest payments on loans and securities.

 

Market Area

 

From our headquarters in the Township of Washington, New Jersey, we operate 26 full service branches, including our corporate office. We operate branches in four counties of New Jersey: Bergen, Hudson, Essex and Passaic.  The majority of our branches (eighteen) including our Corporate office and deposits are located in Bergen County.  In addition, we operate five branches in Hudson County, one branch in Essex County and two branches in Passaic County.  Our residential lending area generally encompasses northern New Jersey.  Our market area for commercial lending, including residential CRE, is broader, generally including the state of New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, southern New York, New York City, Long Island, and Delaware.

 

In terms of population, Bergen County ranks as the largest county in New Jersey (out of 21 counties) while Hudson County ranks fourth, Essex County ranks third and Passaic County ranks eight.  The economy in our primary market area has benefited from being varied and diverse. It is largely urban and suburban with a broad economic base.  As one of the wealthiest states in the nation, New Jersey, with an estimated population of 9.0 million, is considered one of the most attractive banking markets in the United States.  As of June 2018, the unemployment rate for New Jersey was 4.3%, which was higher than the national rate of 4.0%, with a total of 4.5 million New Jersey residents employed as of June 2018.  Bergen County is considered part of the New York metropolitan area.  Its county seat is Hackensack.  Bergen County ranks 45th among the highest-income counties in the United States in 2015 in terms of per-capita income.

 

Bergen County is bordered by Rockland County, New York to the north, the Hudson River to the east, Hudson County to the south, Passaic County to the west and also a small border with Essex County to the west.

 

Passaic County is bordered by Orange County, New York to the north, Rockland County, New York to the northeast, Bergen County to the east, Essex County to the south, Morris County to the southwest and Sussex County to the west.

 

Essex County is bordered by Passaic County to the north, Morris County to the west, Union County to the south, Hudson County to the east and also a small border with Bergen County to the east.

 

Hudson County's only land border is with Bergen County to the north and west. It is bordered by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay to the east; Kill van Kull (which connects Newark Bay with Upper New York Bay) to the south and Newark Bay and the Hackensack River or the Passaic River to the west.

 

Competition

 

We face intense competition within our market area both in making loans and attracting deposits.  Our market area has a high concentration of financial institutions including large money center and regional banks, community banks and credit unions.  Some of our competitors offer products and services that we currently do not offer, such as trust services and private banking.  As of June 30, 2017, the latest date for which statistics are available, our market share of deposits was approximately 4.8% in Bergen County and less than 1.0% in each of Essex, Hudson, and Passaic Counties.

 

Our competition for loans and deposits comes principally from locally owned and out-of-state commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage banking firms, insurance companies, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") and credit unions. We face additional competition for deposits from short-term money market funds, brokerage firms, mutual funds and insurance companies. Our primary focus is to build and develop profitable customer relationships across all lines of business while maintaining our role as a community bank.

Lending Activities

 

Our principal lending activity is the origination of residential commercial real estate loans and commercial real estate loans as well as residential real estate mortgage loans and home equity loans.  Our residential commercial real estate portfolio consists primarily of mortgage loans secured by apartment buildings.  Our commercial real estate portfolio consist primarily of mortgage loans secured by retail anchor shopping centers, commercial offices, retail space, warehouses, and mixed-use buildings.  Our residential real estate portfolio consists of one to four family residential real property and home equity loans.  The residential commercial real estate and commercial real estate portfolios represented $3.30 billion, or 92.2%, of our total loan portfolio at June 30, 2018.  One to four family residential real estate mortgage loans represented $267.8 million, or 7.5%, of our total loan portfolio at June 30, 2018.  At June 30, 2018, construction and land loans totaled $11.0 million, or 0.3%, of our loan portfolio.

 

Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio, by type of loan at the date  indicated.

Loan Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The following table summarizes the scheduled repayments of our loan portfolio at June 30, 2018. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment date and do not reflect the effect of prepayments and scheduled principal amortization.

The following table sets forth, at June 30, 2018, the dollar amount of all fixed- and adjustable-rate loans that are contractually due after June 30, 2019.

 

 

Loans:

 

Residential Loans. We originate one to four family residential mortgage loans, substantially all of which are secured by properties located in our primary market area.  At June 30, 2018, $267.8 million, or 7.5% of our loan portfolio, consisted of one to four family residential mortgage loans and home equity loans.  We generally retain for our portfolio substantially all of the loans that we originate.  Residential mortgage loan originations are generally obtained from existing or past customers, through advertising, and through referrals from local builders, real estate brokers, and attorneys, and are underwritten pursuant to Oritani Bank's policies and standards.  The Company maintains a program where a fee is paid to a broker for a loan referral that results in an origination or a purchase of a recently closed loan.  Generally, residential mortgage loans are originated in amounts up to 80% of the lesser of the appraised value or purchase price of the property, with private mortgage insurance required on loans with a loan-to-value ratio in excess of 80%.  We generally will not make loans with a loan-to-value ratio in excess of 90%.  Fixed rate mortgage loans are originated for terms of up to 30 years.  Generally, fixed rate residential mortgage loans are underwritten according to Freddie Mac guidelines, policies and procedures, with a maximum origination amount of $2.0 million.  Oritani Bank's residential underwriting satisfies the "qualified mortgages" regulations issued by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.  Oritani Bank does not originate non-qualified mortgage loans.  We do not originate or purchase, and our loan portfolio does not include, any sub-prime loans.

 

We also offer adjustable rate mortgage loans for one to four family properties, with an interest rate based on the weekly average yield on U.S. Treasuries adjusted to a constant maturity of one-year, which adjust either annually or every three years from the outset of the loan or which adjust annually after a five-, seven- or ten-year initial fixed rate period.  Originations of adjustable rate residential mortgage loans totaled $10.2 million and $12.6 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Our adjustable rate residential mortgage loans generally provide for maximum rate adjustments of 2% per adjustment, with a lifetime maximum adjustment up to 6%, regardless of the initial rate.  Our adjustable rate residential mortgage loans amortize over terms of up to 30 years.

 

Adjustable rate mortgage loans decrease the Bank's risk associated with changes in market interest rates by periodically repricing, but involve other risks because, as interest rates increase, the underlying payments by the borrower increase, thus increasing the potential for default by the borrower.  At the same time, the marketability of the underlying collateral may be adversely affected by higher interest rates.  Upward adjustment of the contractual interest rate is also limited by the maximum periodic and lifetime interest rate adjustments permitted by our loan documents and, therefore, the effectiveness of adjustable rate mortgage loans may be limited during periods of rapidly rising interest rates.  At June 30, 2018, $51.3 million, or 19.1%, of our residential mortgage loans had adjustable rates of interest.

 

In an effort to provide financing for first-time home buyers, we offer our own first-time home buyer loan program.  This program offers one to four family residential mortgage loans to qualified individuals.  These loans are underwritten and offered with terms and adjustable and fixed rates of interest similar to our other one to four family mortgage loan products.  With this program, borrowers receive a discounted mortgage interest rate and do not pay certain loan origination fees.  Such loans must be secured by an owner-occupied residence.  These loans are originated using similar underwriting guidelines as our other one to four family mortgage loans.  Such loans are originated in amounts of up to 90% of the lower of the property's appraised value or the sale price.  Private mortgage insurance is not required for such loans.  The maximum amount of such loan is $275,000.  We also participate in the Federal Home Loan Bank's ("FHLB") Mortgage Partnership Finance ("MPF") program.  The MPF program offers potentially lower rates to qualified individuals on one to four family residential mortgage loans and provides the Bank with additional opportunity for income.  Loans originated through the MPF program can be sold to FHLB with minimal recourse to the Bank.

 

We also offer our directors, officers and employees who satisfy certain criteria and our general underwriting standards fixed or adjustable rate loan products with reduced interest rates, excluding loans originated through the MPF program.  These loans adhere to all other terms and conditions contained in the loan policy.

 

All residential mortgage loans that we originate include "due-on-sale" clauses, which give us the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event that, among other things, the borrower sells or otherwise disposes of the real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid.  Regulations limit the amount that a savings bank may lend relative to the appraised value of the real estate securing the loan, as determined by an appraisal of the property at the time the loan is originated.  All borrowers are required to obtain title insurance for the benefit of Oritani Bank.  We also require homeowner's insurance and fire and casualty insurance and, where circumstances warrant, flood insurance on properties securing real estate loans.

We also offer second mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit, which are included in the residential mortgage loan portfolio.  These mortgage loans are secured by one to four family residences, substantially all of which are located in our primary market area.  At June 30, 2018, second mortgage and equity loans totaled $8.5 million, or 0.24% of total loans.  Additionally, at June 30, 2018, the unadvanced amounts of home equity lines of credit totaled $8.0 million.  The underwriting standards utilized for second mortgage loans and equity lines of credit include a determination of the applicant's credit history, an assessment of the applicant's ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan and the value of the collateral securing the loan.  The combined (first and second mortgage liens) loan-to-value ratio for second mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit is generally limited to 70%.  Second mortgage loans are offered with fixed and adjustable rates of interest and with terms of up to 30 years.  Our home equity lines of credit have adjustable rates of interest which are indexed to the prime rate, as reported in The Wall Street Journal .

 

Second mortgage loans and equity loans entail greater risk than do residential mortgage loans, particularly if they are secured by an asset that has a superior security interest.  In addition, equity loan collections depend on the borrower's continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.

Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") Loans. We originate residential and non-residential commercial real estate mortgage loans.  At June 30, 2018, $3.30 billion, or 92.2% of our loan portfolio, consisted of commercial real estate loans.  Our residential CRE mortgage loans, $2.01 billion or  56.0% of our loan portfolio, are primarily permanent loans secured by apartment buildings and mobile home parks.  The non-residential CRE mortgage portfolio consists of grocery/credit retail CRE and other CRE.  Our grocery/credit retail CRE mortgage loans, $497.7 million or 13.9% of our loan portfolio, are primarily permanent mortgage loans secured by grocery or credit anchor tenants at multi-store, or stand alone, facilities.  Our other CRE mortgage loans, $796.6 million or 22.3% of our loan portfolio, are primarily permanent loans secured by improved property such as retail multi-stores without a credit anchor, mixed-use properties, self-storage facilities, commercial warehouses, and office buildings.  The typical CRE mortgage loan has a fixed rate of interest for the first three or five years, after which the loan reprices to a market index plus a spread, with a floor of the original rate. The fixed rate period is occasionally extended to as much as ten years.  These loans typically amortize over 30 years though we will often require shorter amortization. We also offer such loans on a self-amortizing basis with fixed rate terms up to 20 years.  References to commercial real estate loans below refer to residential and non-residential commercial real estate.

The terms and conditions of each CRE loan are tailored to the needs of the borrower and based on the financial strength of the project and any guarantors.  In reaching a decision on whether to make a commercial real estate loan, we consider the net operating income of the property, the borrower's expertise and credit history, risks inherent in the property's tenants, the global cash flows of the borrower, the value of the underlying property and other factors.  Loan to value ratios are a very important consideration.  Depending on the collateral type, our lending policies allow commercial real estate loan originations in an amount up to 80% of the appraised value or the purchase price of the property, whichever is less.  However, our maximum loan to value ratio is generally 75% on purchase  transactions and 70% on refinance transactions.  Other factors we consider, with respect to commercial real estate rental properties, include the term of the lease(s) and the quality of the tenant(s).  We generally require that the properties securing these real estate loans have debt service coverage ratios (the ratio of earnings before debt service to debt service) of at least 1.25 times.  Environmental reports are generally required for commercial real estate loans.  Commercial real estate loans made to corporations, partnerships and other business entities may require personal guarantees by the principals as warranted.  Property inspections are conducted, for most CRE loans, no less than every three years, or more frequently as warranted.

 

For commercial real estate loans with balances greater than $2.5 million, a borrower's financial information is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring annual financial statement updates and payment history reviews.  We require commercial borrowers to provide annually updated financial statements and federal tax returns.  These requirements also apply to the individual principals of our commercial borrowers.  We also require borrowers with rental investment property to provide an annual report of income and expenses for the property, including a tenant list and copies of leases, as applicable.  The largest residential CRE loan in our portfolio at June 30, 2018 was a $32.7 million loan secured by multi-family and buildings located in Brooklyn, New York.  The largest credit retail CRE loan at June 30, 2018 was a $30.1 million loan secured by several freestanding pharmacy stores, located in Virginia, Pennsylvania and Connecticut.  The largest other CRE loan in our portfolio at June 30, 2018 was a $26.3 million loan secured by multi-tenant and mixed use buildings located in Bronx, New York.  All of these loans are performing in accordance with their terms.  Our largest commercial real estate relationship consisted of 42 properties primarily secured by multi-family buildings located mainly in our primary market area. The aggregate outstanding loan balance for this relationship, comprised of several legal entities, is $63.1 million at June 30, 2018, and these loans are all performing in accordance with their terms.

 

Loans secured by commercial real estate (residential and non-residential) generally involve larger principal amounts and a greater degree of risk than one to four family residential mortgage loans.  Because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate are often dependent on successful operation or management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy.  See "Item 1A, Risk Factors – Our Continued Emphasis On Commercial Real Estate Lending Could Expose Us To Increased Lending Risks."

 

       We originate construction loans for the development of residential and commercial properties located in our primary market area on a limited basis.  Residential construction loans are generally offered to experienced local developers operating in our primary market area and to individuals for the construction of their personal residences.  At June 30, 2018, construction and land loans totaled $11.0 million, or 0.3 % of total loans.

 

 

 

Loan Originations, Purchases, Sales, Participations and Servicing of Loans. Lending activities are conducted primarily by our loan personnel operating at our corporate office as well as commercial real estate origination offices in Cherry Hill, New Jersey and New York City.  All loans originated by us are underwritten pursuant to our policies and procedures.  We originate both adjustable rate and fixed rate loans.  Our ability to originate fixed or adjustable rate loans is dependent upon the relative customer demand for such loans, which is affected by the current and expected future levels of market interest rates.

 

During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, loan originations totaled $470.7 million and $732.0 million, respectively, all of which were retained by us.  Loan purchases totaled $69.2 million and $65.9 million for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.  There were no loans originated and sold under the FHLB MPF program during fiscal 2018 or 2017.

 

We will also participate in loans, sometimes as the "lead lender."  When we are not the lead lender, the underwriting of the loan participations closely match our own underwriting criteria and procedures.  At June 30, 2018, we had $183.1 million in loan participation interests.

 

At June 30, 2018, we were servicing loans sold in the amount of $2.5 million.  Loan servicing includes collecting and remitting loan payments, accounting for principal and interest, contacting delinquent mortgagors, supervising foreclosures and property dispositions in the event of unremedied defaults, making certain insurance and tax payments on behalf of the borrowers and generally administering the loans.

Non-Performing and Problem Assets

 

We commence collection efforts when a loan becomes ten days past due with system generated reminder notices.  Subsequent late charges and delinquent notices are issued and the account is monitored on a regular basis thereafter.  Collections meetings with executive management are regularly held and every delinquent loan is discussed.  When a loan is more than 30 days past due, the credit file is reviewed and, if deemed necessary, information is updated or confirmed and collateral re-evaluated.  Personal, direct contact with the borrower is attempted early in the collection process.  We make every effort to contact the borrower and develop a plan of repayment to cure the delinquency.  A summary report of all loans 30 days or more past due is reported to the Board of Directors on a monthly basis.  If no repayment plan is in process and the loan is delinquent at least two payments, the file is referred to counsel for the commencement of foreclosure or other collection efforts.

 

Loans are placed on non-accrual status when they are more than 90 days delinquent.  When loans are placed on a non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed.  Once the outstanding principal balance is brought current, income is recognized to the extent the loan is deemed fully collectible.  If the deficiencies causing the delinquency are resolved, such loans may be returned to accrual status once all arrearages are resolved and a period of satisfactory payment performance, usually six months.  See additional discussion regarding our non-performing assets at June 30, 2018 in "Management Discussion and Analysis."

 

Non-Performing Assets and Restructured Loans . The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets and troubled debt restructurings at the dates indicated.

(1)

Included in nonaccrual loans are residential loans totaling $504,000 and other commercial real estate loans totaling $1.4 million that were less than 30 days delinquent; and residential loans totaling $617,000 that were less than 90 days delinquent.

(2)

Included in nonaccrual loans are residential loans totaling $21,000 and other commercial real estate loans totaling $6.8 million that were less than 30 days delinquent; and residential loans totaling $921,000 that were less than 90 days delinquent.

(3)

Included in nonaccrual loans are residential loans totaling $66,000 residential CRE loans totaling $310,000 and other commercial real estate loans totaling $7.0 million that were less than 30 days delinquent; and residential loans totaling $180,000 that were less than 90 days delinquent.

(4)

Included in nonaccrual loans are residential loans totaling $425,000 and other commercial real estate loans totaling $6.1 million that were less than 30 days delinquent, and residential loans totaling $16,000, residential CRE loans totaling $311,000 and other commercial real estate loans totaling $1.1 million that were less than 90 days delinquent.

(5)

Included in nonaccrual loans are residential loans totaling $3.0 million, residential CRE loans totaling $501,000, other commercial real estate loans totaling $4.1 million that were less than 30 days delinquent, and residential loans totaling $17,000 and other commercial real estate loans totaling $1.0 million that were less than 90 days delinquent.

As noted in the above table, there were nonaccrual loans of $7.9 million at June 30, 2018 and $10.2 million at June 30, 2017.  Additional interest income of $198,000 and $283,000 would have been recorded during the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, if the loans had performed in accordance with their original terms.  Interest income on these loans of $256,000 and $531,000 was included in net income for the years ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, Provision for Loan Losses."

 

Delinquent Loans . The following table sets forth our loan delinquencies by type, amount and loan relationship at the dates indicated.

 

In addition to the delinquent loans listed above, we had loans that were delinquent 90 days or more past due as to principal.  Typically, such loans had passed their maturity date but continued making monthly payments, keeping their interest current, while negotiating external financing or an extension from the Company.  There were no loans delinquent 90 days or more past their maturity date at June 30, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 or 2014.

 

Real Estate Owned . Real estate acquired by us as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure is classified as real estate owned until sold.  When property is acquired it is recorded at the lower of cost or fair market value at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis.  Holding costs and declines in fair value result in charges to expense after acquisition.  The Company had real estate owned of $1.6 million at June 30, 2018 and $140,000 at June 30, 2017.  The Company sold one property with book value of $140,000 during the year ended June 30, 2018.  Proceeds from the sale of real estate owned were $138,000, resulting in $2,000 loss.

 

Classified Assets. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") regulations provide that loans and other assets of lesser quality should be classified as "substandard," "doubtful" or "loss" assets.  An asset is considered "substandard" if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any.  "Substandard" assets include those characterized by the "distinct possibility" that we will sustain "some loss" if the deficiencies are not corrected.  Assets classified as "doubtful" have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified "substandard," with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make "collection or liquidation in full," on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, "highly questionable and improbable."  Assets classified as "loss" are those considered "uncollectible" and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted.

 

We are to establish general reserves, where appropriate, for our non-impaired loan portfolio, including non-impaired loans classified as doubtful, substandard or special mention.  General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to recognize the inherent incurred losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets.  When we classify problem assets as "loss," we are required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of the amount of the asset so classified or to charge off such amount.  The Company utilizes the services of a third party loan review firm to help ensure that loans are properly classified.  They report to the Audit Committee quarterly and their scope is determined by the Audit Committee annually.  On an annual basis, the loan review firm reviews a significant portion of the existing portfolio over the course of the year, typically an aggregate of approximately 65% of the commercial real estate portfolios, including a sampling of both new and seasoned loans, a review of all "Regulation O" loans, construction loans with balances of $250,000 or more, and review of all criticized or classified CRE loans with balances of $250,000 or more.  Our determination as to the classification of our assets and the amount of our valuation allowances is subject to review by the FDIC and the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance ("NJDOBI") which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.  Such examinations typically occur annually.

 

The following table shows the aggregate amounts of our classified assets, including non-performing loans, at the date indicated.

 

 

There were no loans  classified as doubtful or loss on June 30, 2018, 2017 or 2016. The loan portfolio is reviewed on a regular basis to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.  Not all classified assets constitute non-performing assets.

We also utilize an additional classification for assets that do not meet the definition of any of the classified assets yet contain an element that warrants a rating that is less than "pass."  We classify an asset as "special mention" if the asset has a potential weakness that warrants management's close attention.  While such assets are not impaired, management has concluded that if the potential weakness in the asset is not addressed, the value of the asset may deteriorate, adversely affecting the repayment of the asset.  Our assets classified as "special mention" totaled $14.9 million, $22.0 million and $24.4 million at June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.   See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Impaired Loans . The Company defines an impaired loan as a loan for which it is probable, based on current information, that the Company will not collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Loans we individually classify as impaired include residential CRE, grocery/credit retail CRE, Other CRE and construction loans with balances of $1.0 million or more, unless a condition exists for loans less than $1.0 million that would increase the Bank's potential loss exposure.  Troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") are also included in impaired loans regardless of balance.  Impaired loans are individually assessed to determine that each loan's carrying value is not in excess of the fair value of the related collateral or the present value of the expected future cash flows.  If the loan's carrying value does exceed the fair value, specific reserves are established to reduce the loan's carrying value.  For classification purposes, impaired loans are typically classified as substandard.  Impaired loans at June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $9.2 million,  $13.9 million and $13.2 million, respectively.   See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Allowance for Loan Losses

 

Our allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level necessary to absorb incurred loan losses that are both probable and reasonably estimable.  Management, in determining the allowance for loan losses, considers the incurred losses inherent in our loan portfolio and changes in the nature and volume of loan activities, along with the general economic and real estate market conditions.  Loan losses are charged to the allowance for loans losses and recoveries are credited to it.  Additions to the allowance for loan losses are provided by charges against income based on various factors which, in our judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating probable incurred losses.  We regularly review the loan portfolio and make adjustments for loan losses in order to maintain the allowance for loan losses in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").  The allowance for loan losses consists primarily of the following two components:

 

(1) Specific allowances established for impaired loans.  The amount of impairment provided for as an allowance is represented by the deficiency, if any, between the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original loan's effective interest rate or the underlying collateral value (less estimated costs to sell) if the loan is collateral dependent, and the carrying value of the loan.  No reserve is necessary if the impaired value exceeds the book value.  Impaired loans are included within the Substandard classification.

(2) General allowances established for incurred loan losses on a portfolio basis for loans that do not meet the definition of impaired.  The portfolio is grouped into similar risk characteristics, primarily loan type, collateral type, and internal credit risk rating.  We apply an estimated loss rate to each loan group.  The loss rates applied are based on a eight year look back period, which measures our historical charge-offs, and our loss emergence period, which represents the estimated average time between when a loss event occurs and when such loss is specifically reserved or charged off.  This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions based upon changes in economic and real estate market conditions.  Actual loan losses may be significantly more than the allowance for loan losses we have established, which could have a material negative effect on our financial results.

The adjustments to our loss experience are based on our evaluation of several environmental factors, including:

•

actual loss history incurred on similar loans;

•

changes in local, regional, national, and international economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectibility of our portfolio, including the condition of various market segments;

•

changes in the nature and volume of our portfolio and in the terms of our loans;

•

changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff;

•

changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans;

•

changes in the quality of our loan review system; and

•

changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans; and

•

the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations.

We evaluate the allowance for loan losses based on the combined total of the specific and general components.  Generally when the loan portfolio increases, absent other factors, our allowance for loan loss methodology results in a higher dollar amount of estimated probable incurred losses than would be the case without the increase.  Generally when the loan portfolio decreases, absent other factors, our allowance for loan loss methodology results in a lower dollar amount of estimated probable incurred losses than would be the case without the decrease.

 

Each quarter we evaluate the allowance for loan losses and adjust the allowance as appropriate through a provision or recovery for loan losses.  While we use the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if conditions differ substantially from the information used in making the evaluations.  In addition, as an integral part of their examination process, the NJDOBI and the FDIC will periodically review the allowance for loan losses.  They may require us to adjust the allowance based on their analysis of information available to them at the time of their examination.  Such examinations typically occur annually.

 

Allowance for Loan Losses . The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for loan losses for the fiscal years indicated.

 

 

The allowance for loan losses has been relatively stable.  There was no provision for loan losses during 2018, 2017 and 2016.  Improving delinquency and nonaccrual trends, changes in loan risk ratings (versus prior periods), loan growth, charge-offs and economic and business conditions continue to have a meaningful impact on the current level of provision for loan losses.  In addition, improvements in general economic and business conditions have also impacted the level of provisioning by decreasing the necessary level of general allowances despite growth in the loan portfolio.

 

Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses. The following table sets forth the allowance for loan losses allocated by loan category, the total loan balances by category (including loans held for sale), and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated.  The allowance for loan losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.

 

The Company previously maintained an unallocated component related to the general allowance. Management did not target a specific unallocated percentage of the total general allocation, or total allowance for loan losses. The primary purpose of the unallocated component was to account for the inherent imprecision of the loss estimation process related primarily to periodic updating of appraisals on impaired loans, as well as periodic updating of commercial loan credit

risk ratings by loan officers and the Company's internal credit review process. Enhancements in the allowance for loan loss methodology during the year ended June 30, 2015 has eliminated the use of the unallocated component.

Investments

 

The Board of Directors is responsible for adopting our investment policy.  The investment policy is reviewed periodically by management and any changes to the policy are recommended to and subject to the approval of the Board of Directors.  Authority to make investments under the approved investment policy guidelines is delegated to appropriate officers.  While general investment strategies are developed and authorized by the Board of Directors, the execution of specific actions primarily rests with Oritani Bank's President, Chief Financial Officer and Asset/Liability Committee, which have responsibility for ensuring that the guidelines and requirements included in the investment policy are followed and that all securities are considered prudent for investment.  Each of our President, Chief Financial Officer and Asset/Liability Committee have specified authority to purchase various types of investments; all investment purchases in excess of 1% of total assets, or $41.7 million at June 30, 2018, must be approved by our Board of Directors.  All investment transactions are reviewed and ratified or approved (as the case may be) at regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors.  Any investment which, subsequent to its purchase, fails to meet the guidelines of the policy is reported to the Board of Directors at its next meeting where the Board decides whether to hold or sell the investment.

 

New Jersey-chartered savings banks have authority to invest in various types of assets, including U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of various federal agencies, mortgage-backed securities, certain certificates of deposit of insured financial institutions, overnight and short-term loans to other banks and corporate debt instruments.  Oritani Financial Corp., as a Delaware corporation, may invest in equity securities subject to certain limitations.

 

The investment policy requires that all securities transactions be conducted in a safe and sound manner.  Investment decisions must be based upon a thorough analysis of each security instrument to determine if its quality and inherent risks fit within Oritani Bank's overall asset/liability management objectives, the effect on its risk-based capital measurement and the prospects for yield and/or appreciation.  The investment policy provides that Oritani Bank may invest in U.S Treasury notes, U.S. and state agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, and other conservative investment opportunities.  Typical investments are currently in U.S. agency or FHLB securities and government sponsored mortgage-backed securities.

 

Our investment portfolio at June 30, 2018, included $1.6 million in equity securities.  We also invest in mortgage-backed securities, all of which are guaranteed by government sponsored enterprises.  At June 30, 2018, our mortgage-backed securities portfolio totaled $361.7 million, or 8.7% of total assets, and consisted of $357.4 million in fixed-rate securities and $4.3 million in adjustable-rate securities, guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae.  Securities can be classified as held to maturity or available for sale at the date of purchase. We also recently started to invest in Corporate Notes. Our Corporate Notes total is $10.0 million and classified as held to maturity.

 

U.S. Government and Federal Agency Obligations. At June 30, 2018, our U.S. Government and federal agency securities portfolio totaled $6.8 million, all of which was classified as held to maturity.

 

Equity Securities. At June 30, 2018, our equity securities portfolio totaled $1.6 million, all of which were classified as available for sale.  The portfolio consists of financial industry common stock. There were no impairment charges on available for sale securities for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 or 2016.  Equity securities are not insured or guaranteed investments and are affected by market interest rates and stock market fluctuations.  Such investments are carried at their fair value and fluctuations in the fair value of such investments, including temporary declines in value, directly affect our net capital position.

 

Mortgage-Backed Securities. We purchase mortgage-backed securities insured or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae.  We invest in mortgage-backed securities to achieve positive interest rate spreads with minimal administrative expense, and to lower our credit risk as a result of the guarantees provided by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae.  Our investment policy also authorizes the investment in collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), also insured or issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae.  We limit CMO investments to those classes of CMOs carrying the most stable cash flows and lowest prepayment risk of any class of CMOs and which pass the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council's average life restriction tests at the time of purchase.  These CMO classes are typically referred to as Planned Amortization Classes or sequentials.

 

Mortgage-backed securities are created by the pooling of mortgages and the issuance of a security with an interest rate which is less than the interest rate on the underlying mortgages.  Mortgage-backed securities typically represent a participation interest in a pool of single-family or multifamily mortgages, although we focus our investments on mortgage-backed securities backed by one to four family mortgages.  The issuers of such securities (generally U.S. government agencies and government sponsored enterprises, including Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae) pool and resell the participation interests in the form of securities to investors such as us, and guarantee the payment of principal and interest to investors.  Mortgage-backed securities generally yield less than the loans that underlie such securities because of the cost of payment guarantees and credit enhancements.  However, mortgage-backed securities are usually more liquid than individual mortgage loans and may be used to collateralize our specific liabilities and obligations.

 

At June 30, 2018, our mortgage-backed securities totaled $361.7 million, or 8.7%, of total assets and 9.2% of interest earning assets.  At June 30, 2018, 1.2% of the mortgage-backed securities were backed by adjustable rate mortgage loans and 98.8% were backed by fixed rate mortgage loans.  The mortgage-backed securities portfolio had a weighted average yield of 2.63% at June 30, 2018.  The fair value of our mortgage-backed securities at June 30, 2018 was $353.0 million, which is $9.9 million less than the amortized cost of $362.8 million.  Investments in mortgage-backed securities involve a risk that actual prepayments may differ from estimated prepayments over the life of the security, which may require adjustments to the amortization of any premium or accretion of any discount relating to such instruments thereby changing the net yield on such securities.  There is also reinvestment risk associated with the cash flows from such securities or if such securities are redeemed by the issuer.  In addition, the market value of such securities may be adversely affected by changes in interest rates.  All of the Company's mortgage-backed securities are insured or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae.

 

Corporate Notes. We purchased Corporate notes during the third quarter of 2018. These securities have been classified as held to maturity since their purchase. At June 30, 2018, corporate notes totaled $10.0 million, or 2.6% of our total securities portfolio.

Securities Portfolios. The following table sets forth the composition of our investment securities portfolio at the dates indicated.

 

 

Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The composition and maturities of the investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2018 are summarized in the following table.  Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the impact of prepayments, scheduled redemptions or early redemptions that are likely to occur.

 

Sources of Funds

 

General. Deposits have traditionally been the primary source of funds for use in lending and investment activities.  We  use borrowings, primarily FHLB advances,  to supplement cash flow needs, to lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk management purposes and to manage the cost of funds.   We also use interest rate swaps to lengthen the maturities of liabilities and manage cost of funds.  In addition, funds are derived from scheduled loan payments, mortgaged-backed securities scheduled payments and prepayments, investment maturities, loan prepayments, retained earnings and income on other earning assets.  While scheduled loan payments and income on earning assets are relatively stable sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions and levels of competition.

 

Deposits. Our deposits are generated primarily from residents and businesses within our primary market area including the local municipal deposit market.  We offer a selection of deposit accounts, including checking accounts (demand deposits and NOW), money market deposit accounts, savings accounts, retirement accounts and time deposits.  The Bank also accepts brokered deposits and has augmented its usage of these funds to supplement its funding sources and decrease its cost of funds.  Deposit account terms vary, with the principal differences being the minimum balance required, the amount of time the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate.

 

Interest rates, maturity terms, service fees and other account features are established on a periodic basis.  Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies and market rates, liquidity requirements, rates paid by competitors and growth goals.  Personalized customer service, attractive account features, long-standing relationships with customers, convenient locations, competitive rates of interest and an active marketing program are relied upon to attract and retain deposits.

 

The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in prevailing interest rates and competition.  The variety of deposit accounts offered allows us to be competitive in obtaining funds and responding to changes in consumer demand while managing interest rate risk and minimizing interest expense.

 

At June 30, 2018, $1.21 billion, or 41.6% of our deposit accounts were time deposits, of which $781.7 million had maturities of one year or less.  We had brokered deposits totaling $450.4 million, $510.4 million and $253.2 million at June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  The following table sets forth the distribution of total deposits by account type, at the dates indicated.

 

 

As of June 30, 2018, the aggregate amount of outstanding time deposits in amounts greater than or equal to $250,000 was approximately $244.7 million.  The following table sets forth the maturity of those deposits as of June 30, 2018.

 

Borrowings. Our borrowings primarily consist of advances from the FHLB of New York and, to a lesser extent, advances from other financial institutions.  As of June 30, 2018, we had total borrowings in the amount of $596.4 million, which represented 16.53% of total liabilities, with an estimated weighted average maturity of 2.4 years and a weighted average rate of 1.88%.  At June 30, 2018, borrowings are secured by mortgage-backed securities and investment securities with a book value of $24.9 million and performing mortgage loans with an outstanding balance of $2.84 billion.

 

The following table sets forth information concerning balances and interest rates on our FHLB advances and other borrowings at and for the periods shown:

 

 

As of June 30, 2018, Oritani had interest rate swap agreements with total notional amount of $405.0 million.   Oritani will receive 1 month LIBOR from the counterparties and pay interest to the counterparties at a fixed rate.  See Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Subsidiary Activities and Joint Venture Information

 

Oritani Financial Corp. is the owner of Oritani Bank, Hampshire Financial LLC and Oritani LLC.  Hampshire Financial LLC and Oritani LLC are New Jersey limited liability companies that owned real estate and investments in real estate.  As of June 30, 2016, all of the investments owned by Hampshire Financial LLC and Oritani LLC had been sold, and the subsidiaries are inactive.  Proceeds from the sale of real estate investments for the year ended June 30, 2016 were $17.1 million resulting in gains of $16.0 million.

 

Oritani Bank has the following subsidiaries: Ormon LLC, Oritani Finance Company, Oritani Investment Corp. and Oritani Asset Corporation.  Ormon LLC is a New Jersey limited liability company that owned real estate investments in New Jersey as well as investments in joint ventures that owned income-producing commercial and residential rental properties.  As of June 30, 2017, all of the investments owned by Ormon LLC had been sold, and the subsidiary is inactive.  Proceeds from the sale of real estate investments for the years ended June 30,  2017 and 2016 were $25.3 million resulting in gains of $20.9 million and $21.5 million resulting in gains of $21.5 million, respectively.

 

Oritani Finance Company is a New Jersey corporation that invests in non-New Jersey residential CRE and non-residential commercial real estate loans and provides lending opportunities in New York and Pennsylvania.

 

Oritani Investment Corp. is a New Jersey corporation that owns Oritani Asset Corporation, a real estate investment trust, formed in 1998 for the sole purpose of acquiring mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities from Oritani Bank.

 

Oritani Asset Corporation's primary objective is to maximize long-term returns on equity.  At June 30, 2018, Oritani Asset Corporation had $532.7 million in assets.  Oritani Asset Corporation is taxed and operates in a manner that enables it to qualify as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

Personnel

 

As of June 30, 2018, we had 194 full-time employees and 56 part-time employees.  Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group.  Management believes that we have good relations with our employees.

 

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

 

General

 

Federal law allows a state savings bank, such as Oritani Bank, that qualifies as a "qualified thrift lender" (discussed below), to elect to be treated as a savings association for purposes of the savings and loan holding company provisions of the Home Owners' Loan Act, as amended ("HOLA").  Such an election results in the savings bank's holding company being regulated as savings and loan holding company rather than as a bank holding company.  At the time of its reorganization into a holding company structure, Oritani Bank elected to be treated as a savings association under the applicable provisions of the HOLA.  Accordingly, Oritani Financial Corp. is a savings and loan holding company and is required to file certain reports with, and is subject to examination by, and otherwise must comply with the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board that are applicable to savings and loan holding companies.  Oritani Financial Corp. is also subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws.

 

Oritani Bank is a New Jersey-chartered savings bank, and its deposit accounts are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Funds ("DIF") of the FDIC.  Oritani Bank is subject to extensive regulation, examination and supervision by the Commissioner of the NJDOBI as the issuer of its charter, and by the FDIC as the deposit insurer and its primary federal regulator.  Oritani Bank must file reports with the NJDOBI and the FDIC concerning its activities and financial condition, and it must obtain regulatory approval prior to entering into certain transactions, such as mergers with, or acquisitions of, other depository institutions and opening, closing, moving or acquiring branch offices.  The NJDOBI and the FDIC conduct periodic examinations to assess Oritani Bank's compliance with various regulatory requirements.  This regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which a savings bank may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance fund and depositors.  The regulatory structure also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies with respect to the classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes.

 

Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by the NJDOBI, the FDIC, the FRB or the U.S. Congress, could have a material adverse impact on Oritani Financial Corp., Oritani Bank and their operations.

 

Certain of the regulatory requirements that are or will be applicable to Oritani Bank and Oritani Financial Corp. are described below.  This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete explanation of such statutes and regulations and their effects on Oritani Bank and Oritani Financial Corp. and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual statutes and regulations.

 

New Jersey Banking Regulation

 

Activity Powers. Oritani Bank derives its lending, investment and other powers primarily from the applicable provisions of the New Jersey Banking Act and its related regulations.  Under these laws and regulations, savings banks, such as Oritani Bank, generally may invest in:

(1)

real estate mortgages;

(2)

consumer and commercial loans;

(3)

specific types of debt securities, including certain corporate debt securities and obligations of federal, state and local governments and agencies;

(4)

certain types of corporate equity securities; and

(5)

certain other assets.

 

A savings bank may also invest pursuant to a "leeway" power that permits investments not otherwise permitted by the New Jersey Banking Act.  "Leeway" investments must comply with a number of limitations on the individual and aggregate amounts of "leeway" investments.  Under this "leeway" authority, New Jersey savings banks may exercise those powers, rights, benefits or privileges authorized for national banks or out-of-state banks or for federal or out-of-state savings banks or savings associations, provided that before exercising any such power, right, benefit or privilege, prior approval by the NJDOBI by regulation or by specific authorization is required. A savings bank may also exercise trust powers upon approval of the NJDOBI. The exercise of these lending, investment and activity powers are limited by federal law and the related regulations. See "Federal Banking Regulation-Activity Restrictions on State-Chartered Banks" below.

 

Loans-to-One-Borrower Limitations. With certain specified exceptions, a New Jersey-chartered savings bank may not make loans or extend credit to a single borrower or to entities related to the borrower in an aggregate amount that would exceed 15% of the bank's capital funds. A savings bank may lend an additional 10% of its capital funds if the loan is secured by collateral meeting the requirements of the New Jersey Banking Act. Oritani Bank currently complies with applicable loans-to-one-borrower limitations.

 

Dividends. Under the New Jersey Banking Act, a stock savings bank may declare and pay a dividend on its capital stock only to the extent that the payment of the dividend would not impair the capital stock of the savings bank. In addition, a stock savings bank may not pay a dividend unless the savings bank would, after the payment of the dividend, have a surplus of not less than 50% of its capital stock, or alternatively, the payment of the dividend would not reduce the surplus. Federal law may also limit the amount of dividends that may be paid by Oritani Bank. See "-Federal Banking Regulation-Prompt Corrective Action" below.

 

Minimum Capital Requirements. Regulations of the NJDOBI impose on New Jersey-chartered depository institutions, such as Oritani Bank, minimum capital requirements similar to those imposed by the FDIC on insured state banks. See "Federal Banking Regulation-Capital Requirements."

 

Examination and Enforcement. The NJDOBI may examine Oritani Bank whenever it deems an examination advisable. The NJDOBI typically examines Oritani Bank at least every two years. The NJDOBI may order any savings bank to discontinue any violation of law or unsafe or unsound banking practice, and may direct any director, officer, attorney or employee of a savings bank engaged in an objectionable activity, after the NJDOBI has ordered the activity to be terminated, to show cause at a hearing before the NJDOBI why such person should not be removed.

 

Federal Banking Regulation

 

Capital Requirements. FDIC regulations require banks to maintain minimum levels of capital.  Federal regulations require state banks to meet several minimum capital standards:  a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets of 8%, and a 4% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio.  The existing capital requirements were effective January 1, 2015 and are the result of a final rule implementing regulatory amendments based on recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act.

As noted, the risk-based capital standards for state banks require the maintenance of common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively.  In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets ( e.g. , recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests) are multiplied by a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset.  Higher levels of capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk.  Common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common stockholders' equity and retained earnings.  Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and additional Tier 1 capital.  Additional Tier 1 capital includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries.  Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital.  Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus, meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt.  Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values.  Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations.  In assessing an institution's capital adequacy, the FDIC takes into consideration, not only these numeric factors, but qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual associations where necessary.

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a "capital conservation buffer" consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted asset above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.  The capital conservation buffer requirement is being phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increasing each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019.  The capital conservation buffer as of January 1, 2018 is 1.875%.

        Legislation enacted in May 2018 requires the federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, to establish a Community Bank Leverage Ratio" (the ratio of a bank's tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion.  A "qualifying community bank" that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered "well capitalized" under Prompt Corrective Action statutes.  The federal banking agencies may consider a financial institution's risk profile when evaluating whether it qualifies as a community bank for purposes of the capital ratio requirement.  The federal banking agencies must set the minimum capital for the new Community Bank Leverage Ratio at not less than 8 percent and not more than 10 percent.  A financial institution can elect to be subject to this new definition.  The establishment of the community bank leverage ratio is subject to notice and comment rulemaking by the federal regulators.

 The federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, have also adopted regulations to require an assessment of an institution's exposure to declines in the economic value of a bank's capital due to changes in interest rates when assessing the bank's capital adequacy. Under such a risk assessment, examiners evaluate a bank's capital for interest rate risk on a case-by-case basis, with consideration of both quantitative and qualitative factors. Institutions with significant interest rate risk may be required to hold additional capital. According to the agencies, applicable considerations include:

•

the quality of the bank's interest rate risk management process;

•

the overall financial condition of the bank; and

•

the level of other risks at the bank for which capital is needed.

 

The following table shows the Company's and the Bank's Core capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, and Total risk-based capital ratios at June 30, 2018: