Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The Registrant is an English public limited company.
The following is only a general summary of certain aspects of English law and the Registrant’s articles of association that are related to the indemnification of directors and officers, and it does not purport to be complete. It is qualified in its entirety by reference to the detailed provisions of the U.K. Companies Act 2006 and of the Registrant’s articles of association.
All statutory references in this Item 6 are to the U.K. Companies Act 2006.
English law does not, subject to certain exemptions, permit a company to exempt any director from any liability arising from negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by them in relation to the company. However, despite this general prohibition, an English company is permitted to purchase and maintain insurance for a director or officer of the company against any such liability. Shareholders can, in accordance with Section 239, ratify by ordinary resolution the conduct of a director amounting to negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company. Sections 205, 206 and Chapter 7 of Part 10 contain provisions protecting directors from liability.
Section 205 provides that a company can provide a director with funds to meet expenditures incurred or to be incurred by him in defending any criminal or civil proceedings in connection with any alleged negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by him in relation to the company or an associated company, or in connection with any application for relief under Section 661(3) or (4) (power of court to grant relief in case of acquisition of shares by innocent nominee) or Section 1157 (power of court to grant relief in case of honest and reasonable conduct). The terms on which such loan or other assistance is given must include a requirement that the loan be repaid or the liability discharged if the director is convicted, judgment is given against him or the court refuses to grant the relief on the application and such repayment or discharge must occur not later than the date on which the conviction becomes final, the judgment becomes final or the refusal of relief becomes final (as applicable).
Section 206 provides that a company can provide a director with funds to meet expenditures incurred or to be incurred by him in defending any investigation by a regulatory authority or against action proposed to be taken by a regulatory authority in connection with any alleged negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company or an associated company.
Section 232(1) makes void any provision in the company’s articles or any other contract or arrangements between the company and a director that purports to exempt a director from any liability that would otherwise attach to him in connection with any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by him or her in relation to the company.
Section 232(2) makes void any provision in the company’s articles or any other contract or arrangements between the company and a director by which a company directly or indirectly provides an indemnity (to any extent) for a director of the company, or of an associated company, against any liability attaching to him in connection with any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company, except as permitted by:
(a)provision of insurance pursuant to Section 233;
(b)qualifying third-party indemnity provisions pursuant to Section 234; and
(c)qualifying pension scheme indemnity provisions pursuant to Section 235.
Section 233 permits insurance, commonly known as directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, to be purchased and maintained by a company for a director of the company or of an associated company against liability for negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company or any associated company.
Section 234 allows for a company to provide an indemnity against liability incurred by a director to someone other than the company or an associated company. Such an indemnity does not permit indemnification against a director’s liability to pay fines imposed in criminal proceedings or civil penalties payable to a regulatory authority in respect of non-compliance with any requirement of a regulatory nature or the costs of an unsuccessful defense of a director in defending criminal or civil proceedings or application for relief under Section 661 (power of court to grant relief in case of acquisition of shares by innocent nominee) or Section 1157 (general power of court to grant relief in case of honest and reasonable conduct).
Section 235 allows a company to provide an indemnity against liability incurred by a director that is a trustee of an occupational pension scheme in connection with the company’s activities as trustee of the scheme. Such an indemnity does not
permit indemnification against liability by a director to pay fines imposed in criminal proceedings or civil penalties payable to a regulatory authority or the costs of an unsuccessful defense by a director in relation to criminal proceedings.
Any indemnity provided under Section 234 or Section 235 must be disclosed in the directors’ report of the company’s annual report in accordance with Section 236, copies of such indemnification provisions must be made available for inspection in accordance with Section 237 and every member has a right to inspect and request such copies under Section 238.
Under the Registrant’s articles of association, subject to the provisions of the U.K. Companies Act 2006, the Registrant may, broadly, (i) indemnify to any extent any person who is or was a director, or a director of any associated company, directly or indirectly against any loss or liability incurred by him whether in connection with negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust or otherwise by him or her in relation to the Registrant or any associated company, or in connection with that company’s activities as a trustee of an occupational pension scheme and (ii) purchase and maintain insurance for any person who is or was a director, or a director of an associated company, against any loss or liability or any expenditure he or she may incur, whether in connection with any proven or alleged negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust by him or otherwise, in relation to the Registrant or any associated company.
In line with the provisions set out in the U.K. Companies Act 2006, the Registrant has entered into deeds of indemnity with directors, officers and certain other persons (including directors, officers and employees of subsidiaries and other affiliates). These deeds of indemnity require that the Registrant indemnify such persons, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, against all losses suffered or incurred by them in the event that they are a party to or involved in any claim arising in connection with their appointment as director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Registrant or its subsidiary undertakings or another corporation at the request of the Registrant.
The Registrant has in place appropriate directors’ and officers’ insurance coverage in respect of legal action brought against any of its directors. The Registrant provides protection for its and its consolidated subsidiaries’ directors against personal financial exposure they may incur in their capacity as such. These include qualifying third-party indemnity provisions for the benefit of directors of the Registrant and other such persons, including, where applicable, in their capacity as directors of the Registrant’s consolidated subsidiaries.
Item 7. Exemption from Registration Claimed.
Not applicable.
Item 8. Exhibits.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No.
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
23.1
|
|
|
23.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
99.1
|
|
|
Item 9. Undertakings.
(a) The Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in this registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this registration statement or any material change to such information in this registration statement;
Provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-8, and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement.
(2) That, for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(b) The Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in this registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(h) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.