By Siobhan Hughes and Lindsay Wise
WASHINGTON -- Senate Republicans are examining offering cash
incentives for unemployed Americans returning to work, looking for
an alternative to the extension of enhanced jobless benefits
supported by Democrats.
Republicans are concerned that the current $600 a week
unemployment payment -- on top of state unemployment benefits -- is
so generous that it is discouraging people from going back to work
and damping the economy's re-opening amid the coronavirus pandemic.
Democrats want to extend the payments, which are set to end in
July, into next year, an idea Republicans have rejected.
"This will not be in the next bill," Senate Majority Leader
Mitch McConnell (R., Ky.) said last week in a call with House
Republicans, according to a person briefed on the call, referring
to the proposed unemployment payments. Later, on Fox News, Mr.
McConnell said that "in order to create jobs, we need to
incentivize people to go back to work, not encourage them to stay
home."
With the country in the grips of a historic economic slump --
and in the middle of an election year -- Republicans face the
political difficulty of stopping or reducing a popular benefit for
Americans who lost their jobs during the pandemic. Some are now
discussing ways to pare back the government payout while also
helping to revive the labor market. The U.S. unemployment rate
surged to a record 14.7% in April.
ne idea is a proposal from Sen. Rob Portman (R., Ohio) to
provide a temporary $450-a-week bonus for unemployed workers
returning to work, on top of their wages.
Mr. Portman says his proposal is good for employees "because
they can go back to work, go back to their healthcare and go back
to their retirement savings, and yet get a nice, nice bonus for
doing so." The proposal also saves taxpayers money and "saves small
businesses from going out of business because they can get
workers."
A senior Trump administration official said that the White House
was in conversations with Mr. Portman about offering a
return-to-work bonus. Mr. Portman has been working with the Senate
Finance Committee, according to a GOP aide. Sen. John Thune (R.,
S.D.), the No. 2 Senate Republican, said that "there's some
interest" in the idea.
The plan is still being finalized, in part to work out the best
mechanism for delivering the aid to workers. In its current
formulation, the proposal would give $450 a week to laid-off
workers to go back to work through July 31, the same date on which
the extra $600 a week in unemployment benefits expires. The idea
would also help states save money by potentially reducing their
expenditures on unemployment benefits.
Mr. Portman's office came up with the amount by surveying
benefits and wages in each state to come up with an average amount
by which most people would be better of working than staying at
home. The federal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour, meaning that a
minimum-wage worker in states without a higher minimum, or floor,
makes roughly $290 a week. The $450 payment each week on top of
that base amount was designed with such low-wage workers in mind,
in order to leave such employees better off than by taking $600 a
week to stay home.
A return-to-work bonus stands as an alternative to a measure
being pushed by Senate Democrats, who are rallying behind a plan
led by Sens. Mark Warner (D., Va.), Bernie Sanders (I., Vt.),
Richard Blumenthal (D., Conn.) and Doug Jones (D., Ala.). The
Democratic plan relies on a wage subsidy -- the employee tax credit
-- to keep people on payrolls. It would cover 100% of wages and
benefits, up to $90,000. Some Democrats say they might be open to
ending the $600 in extra jobless benefits if Republicans rallied
behind a wage subsidy.
"That would be a mistake, just to completely cut it off, without
doing anything else," Mr. Jones said. "If you want to phase it out,
we can figure that out. But we got to do something."
No Democrat contacted by The Wall Street Journal indicated that
they would endorse Mr. Portman's back-to-work bonus plan. It also
isn't clear if the entire Republican conference would support the
idea of a return-to-work bonus, given that some GOP lawmakers have
expressed growing misgivings about deficit spending.
The interest in a wage subsidy comes as Republicans seek an
alternative to extending beefed-up jobless benefits, which were
included in the $2.2 trillion economic rescue package that became
law in March as unemployment surged. At the time, congressional
negotiators wanted to provide enough money to replace a worker's
existing wages. But after concluding that older state unemployment
computer systems wouldn't be able to handle the calculations to
provide replacement pay, negotiators opted for a flat payment that
would be enough to keep at home a worker making average wages.
The payment level was controversial at the time, with several
Republican senators noting that in some cases, workers would get
paid more to stay home and not work than they would if they
returned to work. They offered an amendment to cap the benefits at
100% of wages, but it failed.
The Congressional Budget Office has estimated the enhanced
unemployment benefit will cost about $176 billion. It is one of the
reasons that Senate Republicans say they have wanted to pause
before negotiating a new relief package.
"When the government wage exceeds the market wage, you'll get
institutionalized unemployment. So it was a mistake to make it so
high to begin with," said Sen. Rand Paul (R., Ky.). "It would be a
mistake to extend it."
House Democrats have already voted to extend the $600-a-week in
additional payments for six more months, until Jan. 31, as part of
a larger, $3 trillion package. The House Democrats' measure would
also continue until Jan. 31 an extra 13 weeks of basic unemployment
insurance for people who have exhausted regular state and federal
unemployment benefits.
Some Republicans are betting that starting the conversation now
around how to phase out the $600 weekly allowance will put the
party in a better spot when negotiations deepen with Democrats.
"We have to do what's best for the country," said Sen. Kevin
Cramer (R., N.D.). " I'm not saying my way is the only way, but I
just don't think we can go back to it. We can't extend $600 a
month."
--Catherine Lucey contributed to this article.
Write to Siobhan Hughes at siobhan.hughes@wsj.com and Lindsay
Wise at lindsay.wise@wsj.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
May 24, 2020 09:52 ET (13:52 GMT)
Copyright (c) 2020 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.