- Annual Report (10-K)
February 28 2011 - 6:08AM
Edgar (US Regulatory)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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(Mark One)
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010
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OR
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period
from to
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Commission file number 1-34554
DIRECTV
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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DELAWARE
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
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26-4772533
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
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2230 East Imperial Highway, El Segundo, California
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
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90245
(Zip Code)
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Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (310) 964-5000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of Each Class
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Name of Exchange on Which Registered
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Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value
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NASDAQ Global Select Market
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
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None
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Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities
Act. Yes
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No
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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Act. Yes
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No
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the
past 90 days. Yes
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No
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to
be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that
the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes
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No
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not
be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to
this Form 10-K.
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer
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Accelerated filer
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Non-accelerated filer
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting company
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Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act). Yes
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No
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As of June 30, 2010, the aggregate market value of the registrant's voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates was
$29,809,534,476.
As
of February 18, 2011, the registrant had outstanding 790,782,019 shares of Class A common stock.
Documents
incorporated by reference are as follows:
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Document
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Part and Item Number of Form 10-K into which Incorporated
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DIRECTV Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement
for Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on April 28, 2011
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Part I, Item 5
Part III, Items 10 through 14
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Table of Contents
DIRECTV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page No.
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Part I
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Item 1. Business
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2
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
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18
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
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29
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Item 2. Properties
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29
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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
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Item 4. (Removed and Reserved)
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30
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Part II
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Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
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31
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data
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32
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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
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33
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
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57
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
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58
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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58
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Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
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59
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Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009
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61
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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended
December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
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62
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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31,
2010, 2009 and 2008
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63
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
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64
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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66
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Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure
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105
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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
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105
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Item 9B. Other Information
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107
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Part III
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Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
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107
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Item 11. Executive Compensation
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107
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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
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107
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Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
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107
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Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
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107
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Part IV
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Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
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107
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Signatures
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115
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Table of Contents
DIRECTV
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSE OF THE
"SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONSOF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES
LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain certain statements that we believe are, or may be considered to be,
"forward-looking statements" within the meaning of various provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements generally can be
identified by use of statements that include phrases such as we "believe," "expect," "estimate," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "foresee," "project" or other similar references to future periods.
Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make related to our business strategy and regarding our outlook for 2011 financial results, liquidity and capital
resources.
Forward-looking
statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements
relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by
the forward-looking statements. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of
future performance. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include economic, business, competitive, national or global
political, market and regulatory conditions and other risks, each of which is described in more detail in Item 1ARisk Factors of this Annual Report.
Any
forward looking statement made by us in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Factors or events that could cause our
actual results to differ may occur and it is not possible for us to predict them all. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new
information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law.
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DIRECTV
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
DIRECTV, which we also refer to as the company, we or us, is a leading provider of digital television entertainment in the United
States and Latin America. We operate two direct-to-home, or DTH, operating segments: DIRECTV U.S. and DIRECTV Latin America, which are differentiated by their geographic
location and are engaged in acquiring, promoting, selling and/or distributing digital entertainment programming primarily via satellite to residential and commercial subscribers. In addition, since
November 19, 2009, we own and operate three regional sports networks, or RSNs, and own a 65% interest in Game Show Network, LLC, or GSN, a basic television network dedicated to
game-related programming and Internet interactive game playing. We account for our investment in GSN using the equity method of accounting.
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DIRECTV U.S.
DIRECTV Holdings LLC and its subsidiaries, which we refer to as DIRECTV U.S., is the largest provider of DTH digital television services and the second largest provider in the
multi-channel video programming distribution, or MVPD, industry in the United States. As of December 31, 2010, DIRECTV U.S. had over 19.2 million subscribers.
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DIRECTV Latin
America.
DIRECTV Latin America, or DTVLA, is the leading provider of DTH digital television services throughout Latin America. DTVLA is
comprised of: PanAmericana, which provides services in Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Puerto Rico and certain other countries in the region; our 93% owned subsidiary, Sky Brasil
Servicos Ltda., which we refer to as Sky Brazil; and our 41% equity method investment in Innova, S. de R.L. de C.V., which we refer to as Sky Mexico. As of December 31, 2010,
PanAmericana had approximately 3.3 million subscribers, Sky Brazil had approximately 2.5 million subscribers and Sky Mexico had approximately 3.0 million subscribers.
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DIRECTV Sports
Networks.
DIRECTV Sports Networks LLC and its subsidiaries, or DSN, is comprised primarily of three RSNs based in Seattle,
Washington, Denver, Colorado and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, currently known as FSN Northwest
TM
, FSN Rocky Mountain
TM
and FSN Pittsburgh
TM
, respectively. The
operating results of DSN beginning November 19, 2009 are reported as part of the "Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other" operating segment.
Our
vision is to make DIRECTV the best video experience anytime and anywhere for customers in both the United States and Latin America. Our primary strategy for achieving this vision is
to combine unique and compelling content along with industry-leading technology and service to make DIRECTV the clear choice among consumers throughout the Americas. We believe that the successful
implementation of this operating strategy along with the return of excess cash to shareholders will create significant shareholder value over the long term.
DIRECTV's
Class A common stock trades on the NASDAQ® Global Select Market, or NASDAQ, under the ticker "DTV". DIRECTV was incorporated in Delaware in 2009.
DIRECTV U.S.
Through DIRECTV U.S., we provide over 19.2 million subscribers with access to hundreds of channels of digital-quality video entertainment and
CD-quality audio programming that we transmit directly to subscribers' homes or businesses via high-powered geosynchronous satellites. We also provide
video-on-demand, or VOD, via broadband to our subscribers who have connected their set-top receiver to their broadband service.
We
believe we provide one of the most extensive collections of programming available in the MVPD industry, including over 160 national high-definition, or HD, television
channels and four dedicated 3D channels. In addition, we offer VOD service, named DIRECTV CINEMA
TM,
which provides a selection of over 6,000 movie and television programs to our
broadband-connected subscribers. As of December 31, 2010, we provided local channel coverage in HD to markets covering over 95% of U.S. television households. In addition, we provided local
channel coverage in standard definition to markets representing approximately 98% of U.S. television households.
We
also provide premium professional and collegiate sports programming such as the NFL SUNDAY TICKET package, which allows subscribers to view the largest selection of NFL
games available each
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DIRECTV
Sunday
during the regular season. Under our contract with the NFL, we have exclusive rights to provide this service through the 2014 season, including rights to provide related broadband, HD,
interactive and mobile services.
To
subscribe to the DIRECTV® service, subscribers sign up for our service through us, our national retailers, independent satellite television retailers or dealers, or
regional telephone companies, which we refer to as telcos. We or one of our home service providers or dealers install the receiving equipment. The receiving equipment consists of a small receiving
satellite dish antenna, one or more digital set-top receivers, which are typically leased to the subscriber, and remote controls, which we refer to as a DIRECTV® System. After
acquiring and installing a DIRECTV System, subscribers activate the DIRECTV service by contacting us and subscribing to one of our programming packages.
Key Strengths
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Large Subscriber
Base.
We are the largest provider of DTH digital television services and the second largest MVPD provider in the United States, in each
case based on the number of subscribers. We believe that our large subscriber base provides us with the opportunity to obtain programming on favorable terms and secure unique and exclusive
programming. We also believe that our large subscriber base contributes to achieving other economies of scale in areas such as DIRECTV System equipment purchasing, customer service, installation and
repair service, broadcast operations and general and administrative services.
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Leading Brand
Name.
We commissioned a study in 2010 which indicated that 95% of consumers in the United States recognized the DIRECTV brand name. We
believe the strength of our brand name is an important factor in our ability to attract new subscribers. In addition, we believe our recognized brand name enhances our ability to secure strategic
alliances with programmers, distributors and other technology and service providers.
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Substantial Channel Capacity and Programming
Content.
As a result of our significant channel capacity, we believe we are able to deliver to our subscribers one of the widest
selections of local and national programming available today in the United States, including exclusive programming such as the NFL SUNDAY TICKET package, international programming and one of the most
extensive national HD offerings currently available in the industry.
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High-Quality Digital Picture and Sound, Including HD
Programming.
Our video and audio programming is 100% digitally delivered, providing subscribers with digital-quality video and
CD-quality sound. We believe this compares favorably with many cable providers that frequently offer popular programming in an analog format and offer a selection of digital channels for
an additional fee. In addition, we believe we currently offer one of the nation's most comprehensive selections of HD channels, including a large choice of 1080p movies.
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Sales and
Marketing.
We sell DIRECTV through a number of distribution channels, including direct sales, online, telcos, national sales providers,
local sales providers and consumer electronics retailers. We believe this variety of distribution alternatives coupled with sophisticated marketing programs, have enabled us to continue to grow our
subscriber base in an increasingly competitive and mature business.
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Technology.
We devote considerable resources to improving our set-top
receivers, including the middleware for such receivers, as well as developing new services. For example in 2010, we introduced a "Whole-Home" digital video recorder, or DVR, service which allows
consumers to view and control content from one DVR to other rooms in the house with the appropriate equipment.
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Strong Customer
Satisfaction.
We have attained top rankings in customer satisfaction studies for our industry. For example, we have scored higher among
the largest national cable and satellite TV providers in customer satisfaction for ten consecutive years in the American Customer Satisfaction Index. We believe that providing
high-quality customer service is an important element in minimizing subscriber disconnection, or churn, and attracting new subscribers.
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Valuable Orbital Slots and Satellite-Based
Technology.
We believe our regulatory authorization to use desirable orbital slots and broadcast spectrum helps sustain our position as
one of the leading companies
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DIRECTV
in
the MVPD industry. The Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, has designated three direct broadcast satellite, or DBS, orbital slots in the Ku-Band spectrum that provide full
coverage across the 48 contiguous states of the United States, often referred to as CONUS coverage. Within these three orbital slots, there are 96 assigned DBS frequencies. We hold licenses to
broadcast our services from 46 of these 96 DBS frequencies. The FCC is currently considering licensing additional DBS slots for satellites that are sometimes referred to as "tweeners" which would
provide CONUS coverage. See "Government RegulationFCC Regulation Under the Communications Act and Related Acts" and "Risk FactorsThe ability to maintain FCC licenses and
other regulatory approvals is critical to our business" for more information related to these types of slots and satellites.
In
addition, we hold licenses in three orbital slots (99° west longitude, or WL, 101° WL, and 103° WL) in the Ka-Band spectrum. The
satellites that have been launched into these orbital slots have substantially increased our channel capacity, allowing us to provide one of the most extensive HD channel offerings currently available
across the United States. We also have obtained approval from the FCC to transmit our signal in the Ku-Band from one of our satellites that has been stationed at a temporary orbital
location at 72.5° WL and from leased capacity on a satellite at 95° WL.
Our
satellite-based service provides us with many advantages over ground-based cable television services. We have the ability to distribute hundreds of channels to millions of recipients nationwide
with minimal incremental infrastructure cost per additional subscriber. In addition, we have comprehensive coverage to areas with low population density in the United States and the ability to quickly
introduce new services to a large number of subscribers.
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Strong Balance
Sheet.
We believe our cash position and borrowing capacity combined with our current and expected future cash generation capability
provides us with significant financial flexibility to improve shareholder value. We have repurchased approximately $15 billion of our common stock over the last five years, retiring
approximately 44% of our outstanding shares, and have announced a new $6 billion share repurchase plan for 2011.
Business Strategy
Our vision is to provide customers with the best video experience in the United States both inside and outside of the home by offering
subscribers unique, differentiated and compelling programming through leadership in content, technology and customer service. Our strategy involves (1) strengthening our core business,
(2) delivering the best "anytime, anywhere" experienceboth inside and outside of the home, (3) building new revenue streams and (4) enhancing productivity.
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Strengthen the Core
Business.
To fulfill our goals, we believe we have to strengthen our core business in several key areas including (1) delighting
our customers in all our service interactions, (2) enhancing customer targeting and segmentation and (3) strengthening our bundled offers and capabilities.
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Delight Our Customers in All Service Interactions; Improve our Loyalty and Retention
Programs.
Due in part to the higher costs to acquire new subscribers in an increasingly mature industry, it is even more important to
focus to delight all of our customers as we strive to reduce churn. We believe an important part of this strategy is to increase customer satisfaction through all service interactions including the
initial installation and any subsequent communications, service or upgrade transactions. Another important part of our strategy is to improve our loyalty and retention programs, particularly for our
most tenured and valuable customers.
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Enhance Customer Targeting.
As the market for video
services becomes increasingly competitive, it is important that we have a better understanding of and focus on our customers' needs and desires. We will use segmentation analysis to better target new
customers based on demographic, geographic and customer information to more profitably and effectively provide our customers with the products and services they desire.
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DIRECTV
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Strengthen Our Bundled Offers and Capabilities.
Bundled
video, telephone and broadband services continue to grow in popularity as consumers look for ways to reduce costs in a challenging economy. Currently we have agreements with most of the major telco
companies nationwide to offer bundles which include the DIRECTV service. However, in the future, we believe we will need to work more closely with broadband providers to make our bundles more
seamless, offer broadband services with higher speeds and improve joint marketing efforts so that a greater percentage of our customers can enjoy the benefits of a bundle.
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Deliver the Best "Anytime, Anywhere" Experience Both Inside and
Outside of the Home.
To provide the best video experience both inside and outside of the home, we will be focusing on
(1) expanding our Whole-Home DVR and time-shifting capabilities, (2) connecting our subscribers' set-top boxes to broadband service, (3) launching a new
user interface to support multi-screen applications and services, (4) enhancing our entertainment portal and (5) providing portable access to DVR content.
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Expand Whole-Home DVR and Time-Shifting
Capabilities.
We believe that consumers are looking for more features and functionality in their TV viewing, particularly in terms of
place and time shifting. For this reason, in 2011 we expect to expand the availability of our Whole-Home DVR. We plan on continuing to expand our time and place shifting capabilities with new services
including the expansion of our pay-per-view and VOD movie offerings, as well as providing the ability for customers to retrieve content that was broadcast at a previous time.
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Connect Customer HD-DVRs to the Internet.
Connecting our customers' receivers to broadband service is strategically important because it greatly enhances the video experience. For example, a connected receiver provides our
customers with access to (1) thousands of additional movies and shows, (2) music, video, and pictures stored on their computers and (3) personalized "TV Apps" that provide
real-time information such as favorite sports teams, local traffic or weather reports. In the future, broadband-connected receivers will also facilitate access of DIRECTV
programming services on mobile devices and the ability to search for web-based video such as YouTube® on a customer's television. Another focus for our company will be to
provide more social networking applications whereby, for example, customers can interact with friends while watching DIRECTV by accessing their Twitter® or Facebook® account
via the television or portable device.
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Launch New User Interface to Support Multi-Screen Applications and
Services.
Given the importance of the User Interface, or UI, and guide to our customers to provide a friendly and fun way to navigate
through hundreds of channels, in 2011 we will launch a new HD UI which will be significantly faster than our current UI and will be displayed in crisp, easy-to-read HD format
using more graphical poster art. In addition, this UI will incorporate our industry-leading Smart Search capabilities as well as improved discovery and personalization features. We are also developing
applications for mobile devices and tablets so that our customers will enjoy many DIRECTV features and functionalities both inside and outside of the home.
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Enhance our Entertainment Portal.
In 2010, we launched a
new web-based entertainment portal for our customers named MyDIRECTV. Today, MyDIRECTV offers customers a fun and easy-to-use platform to explore,
search and record all of their favorite shows. In the future, we will introduce video streaming capabilities on our entertainment portal so that customers will be able to watch authorized DIRECTV
programming from their laptop, tablet, smartphone or computer.
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Provide Portable Access to DVR Content.
We believe our
customers increasingly desire the ability to take content with them, due in part to the growing popularity of smart phones and tablets. For this reason, in 2011, we expect to launch a service which
will build on our platform as a way to access content stored on a customer's DVR. We will also be building on our entertainment portal as a way to access content through the Internet.
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DIRECTV
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Create New Revenue
Platforms.
In order to continue growing DIRECTV revenues while maintaining strong profit margins, a key strategic objective is to
capture incremental revenue streams in key areas including (1) DIRECTV Cinema, (2) addressable and local advertising and (3) the commercial property market.
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Enhance DIRECTV Cinema.
We believe we have a significant
opportunity to generate incremental VOD revenues mostly by expanding our VOD library and making it easier for customers to watch movies and shows. Last year we made great strides toward this goal by
"pushing" top-rated movies onto customers DVRs for instant viewing and by launching an enhanced movie service called DIRECTV CINEMA that provides most of our customers with access to
significantly more movies than before. For example, for those customers with HD-DVRs connected to a broadband service, we now offer over 6,000 movie and television titles, and we expect to
continue adding more titles in 2011. Other new DIRECTV Cinema enhancements include shorter viewing windows relative to the DVD release and the ability to order movies which are still showing in movie
theaters for future viewing. Looking forward, DIRECTV Cinema enhancements will include further expansion of our video library and increasing the number of days a VOD
pay-per-view, or PPV, movie can be watched once the movie has been paid for.
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Launch Addressable and Local Advertising.
Our advertising
revenue per subscriber trails many of our competitors. This is because, unlike the cable industry, we have not had the ability to target advertising at the local level due to the nature of our
national satellite infrastructure. Using new technology, which we expect will be available in 2011, we will have the capability to insert ads into individual DVR set-top receivers to
enable advertisers to target customers in local regions and eventually in the individual home. With this new technology, we expect to significantly increase our advertising revenues over the coming
years.
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Deliver New Products Focused on Priority Commercial
Segments.
Based on our extremely low market penetration rates, we believe commercial properties represent another growth opportunity for
DIRECTV. For example, although historically we have competed effectively in the higher-end hotel market, we expect that in the coming years, hotels will be upgrading their television
service from standard definition to HD, which should present us with opportunities for growth. We also currently have low market share in the private businesses and smaller bars and restaurants
segments and we intend to grow our share in these markets with new technologies such as digital signage, as well as from improved management, targeting, billing, pricing and packaging.
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Enhance Productivity and Manage
Costs.
Improving our productivity is a critical element of our goal to maintain strong margins particularly given the competitive nature
of our industry and rising programming costs. In particular, we plan to focus our efforts on effectively managing our programming costs and capturing enterprise-wide productivity
improvements.
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Strategically Manage Content Cost Growth.
Content costs
are DIRECTV's largest expense and as a result, we must manage these costs as effectively as possible particularly considering that we expect programming costs to increase at a faster rate in the
future than in prior years primarily due to higher sports costs (including the NFL Sunday Ticket) and higher retransmission fees for the carriage of local channels. Our strategy for minimizing this
rate of cost growth is to:
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Leverage our size, growth and attractive subscriber demographics to attain competitive terms and conditions.
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More closely align a channel's ratings with the costs we pay.
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Obtain rights for new value-added video services such as rights to offer our customers 3D, mobile and streaming services.
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Repackage channels to better align the programming that our customers want to watch with what they are willing to pay for.
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Drop less popular channels if we are unable to negotiate fair terms and conditions.
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Capture Enterprise-Wide Productivity
Improvements.
Our objective is to deliver the best video experience at the lowest possible cost. We endeavor to manage our costs and in
particular to capture productivity improvements which will not only reduce costs, but also improve customer service.
Infrastructure
Satellites.
We currently have a fleet of twelve geosynchronous satellites, including eleven owned satellites and one leased
satellite. We have seven
Ku-Band satellites at the following orbital locations: 101° WL (three), 110° WL (one), 119° WL (one), 72.5° WL
(one), and 95° WL (one-leased). We also have five Ka-Band satellites at our 99° WL (two) and 103° WL (three) orbital
locations. The 72.5° WL orbital location is used pursuant to an arrangement with Telesat Canada and Bell ExpressVu.
We
have contracted for the construction of an additional satellite to provide additional services as well as backup capacity, which we expect to launch and place into service in 2013.
Satellite Risk Management.
At times, we use launch and in-orbit insurance to mitigate the potential financial impact of
satellite fleet
launch and in-orbit failures unless the premium costs are considered to be uneconomical relative to the risk of satellite failure. The insurance generally does not compensate for business
interruption or loss of future revenues or subscribers. We rely on in-orbit spare satellites and excess transponder capacity at key orbital slots to mitigate the impact of a potential
satellite failure on our ability to provide service. However, programming continuity cannot be assured in all instances or in the event of multiple satellite losses.
Launch
insurance typically covers the time frame from ignition of the launch vehicle through separation of the satellite from the launch vehicle. In the past, we have launched satellites
without insurance. As of December 31, 2010, the net book value of DIRECTV U.S.' in-orbit satellites was $1,724 million, none of which is insured.
Digital Broadcast Centers.
To gather programming content, ensure its digital quality, and transmit content to our satellites, we
have built two
digital broadcast centers, located in Castle Rock, Colorado and Los Angeles, California. These facilities provide the majority of our national and local standard-definition and HD programming. We have
also built five uplink facilities which are used to provide HD local channels. Our broadcast centers receive programming from content providers via satellite, fiber optic cable and/or special tape.
Most satellite-delivered programming is then digitized, encoded and transmitted to our satellites. We designed each broadcast center and uplink facility with redundant systems to minimize service
interruptions.
Installation Network.
The DIRECTV Home Service Provider, or HSP, network performs customer installation, upgrade, and service
call work for us. From
2008 to 2010, we entered into several transactions that brought a
significant portion of this HSP network activity in-house. We now directly employ nearly 5,000 technicians and utilize an additional 10,000 technicians from six outsourced companies around
the United States. The combined workforce completed approximately 92% of all in-home visits in 2010. We set quality standards for all installation, upgrade, and service work, perform
quality control procedures against those standards, manage network inventory levels, and monitor overall network performance for nearly all of the installation and service network.
Customer Service Centers.
As of December 31, 2010, we utilized 36 customer service centers employing over 17,000 customer
service
representatives. Most of these customer service centers are operated by Convergys Customer Management Group, Inc., Alorica, Inc., Sitel Operating Corporation, N.E.W. Customer Service
Companies, Inc., VXI Global Solutions, Inc. and Teleperformance. We currently own and operate six customer service centers located in: Boise, Idaho; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Huntsville, Alabama;
Missoula, Montana; Huntington, West Virginia and Denver, Colorado that employ approximately 5,000 customer service representatives. Potential and existing subscribers can call a single telephone
number 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to request assistance for hardware, programming, installation, technical and other support. We continue to increase the functionality of
telephone-based and web-based self-care features in order to better manage customer service costs and improve service levels.
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Competition
We face substantial competition in the MVPD industry and from emerging digital media distribution providers. Our competition includes
companies that offer video, audio, interactive programming, telephony, data and other entertainment services, including cable television, other DTH companies, telcos, wireless companies and companies
that are developing new technologies, including online video distributors, or OVDs. Many of our competitors have access to substantially greater financial and marketing resources. We believe our
brand, the quality and variety of video, audio and interactive programming, quality of picture, access to service, availability of HD and DVR services, customer service and price are the key elements
for attaining and retaining subscribers. Our over 19.2 million subscribers represent approximately 19% of MVPD subscribers at December 31, 2010.
-
-
Cable Television.
We encounter substantial competition in
the MVPD industry from cable television companies. According to the National Cable & Telecommunications Association's 2008 Industry Overview, 96% of the 128.6 million U.S. housing units
are passed by cable. Most cable television operators have a large, established customer base, and many have significant investments in companies that provide programming content. Approximately
100 million households subscribe to an MVPD service and approximately 60% of MVPD subscribers receive their programming from a cable operator. In addition, most cable providers have completed
network upgrades that allow for enhanced service offerings such as digital cable, HD channels, broadband Internet access and telephony services. Cable companies bundle these services, offering
discounts and providing one bill to the consumer.
-
-
Telephone Companies.
Several telcos have upgraded a
significant portion of their infrastructure by replacing their older, copper wire telephone lines with high-speed fiber optic lines. These fiber lines provide the telcos with significantly
greater capacity enabling them to offer new and enhanced services, such as broadband Internet access at much greater speeds and digital- quality video. For example, Verizon announced that at the end
of 2010, it had the capability to serve approximately 16 million homes with fiber optic lines with the goal of having the capability to serve 18 million homes by the end of 2011. In
addition, AT&T is deploying fiber optic lines to neighborhoods and expects to have the capability to serve approximately 30 million of its homes passed by the end of 2011. As of
year-end 2010, Verizon had approximately 3.5 million video subscribers and AT&T had approximately 3 million video subscribers. Similar to the cable companies, the telcos
expect to offer their customers multiple services at a discount on one bill.
-
-
Other Direct Broadcast Satellite and Direct-To-Home Satellite System
Operators.
We also compete with DISH Network Corporation, or DISH Network, which had over 14 million subscribers at the end of
2010, representing approximately 14% of MVPD subscribers. Other domestic and foreign satellite operators also have proposed to offer DTH satellite service to U.S. customers using U.S.-licensed
satellite frequencies or foreign-licensed frequencies that have the ability of covering the United States.
-
-
Video via the Internet.
With the large increase in the
number of consumers with broadband service, a significant amount of video content has become available on the Internet for users to download and view on their personal computers, televisions and other
devices. For example, Apple TV® offers hundreds of television shows and movies for rental, some in high-definition, on the online iTunes® Store. In addition,
Hulu is an OVD which provides free movies and TV shows from over 225 content providers including FOX, NBC Universal, ABC, Lionsgate, MGM, National Geographic, Paramount, A&E Television
Networks, PBS, and Warner Bros. This content can be accessed on demand through its website and those of its partnersAOL, IMDb, MSN, MySpace, and Yahoo!. In addition, several companies,
such as Netflix, Blockbuster and Amazon.com, sell and rent movies or other shows via Internet download or streaming media. For example, Netflix has a library of thousands of movies and TV shows
available for download to its over 20 million subscribers in the U.S. and Canada. There are also several similar initiatives by companies such as Intel, Microsoft and Sony to make it easier to
view Internet- based video on television and personal computer screens. Many television models, Blu-Ray Disc® players and gaming consoles like Nintendo's Wii®,
Sony's PS3® and the Xbox® can be
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DIRECTV LATIN AMERICA
Through DTVLA, we provide DTH digital television services in Latin America and the Caribbean, which includes Puerto Rico. Under the DIRECTV and SKY brands, we
provide a wide selection of digital-quality local and international programming to approximately 3.3 million subscribers in PanAmericana and approximately 2.5 million subscribers in
Brazil. Our 41% owned affiliate, Sky Mexico, has more than 3.0 million subscribers in Mexico and certain countries in Central America. Including Sky Mexico, DIRECTV and Sky provide service to
8.9 million subscribers throughout the region.
We
own 100% of PanAmericana (which operates principally in South America and the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico), 93% of Sky Brazil (which operates in Brazil), and 41% of Sky Mexico
(which operates in Mexico, Central America and the Dominican Republic). Globo Comunicações e Participações S.A., or Globo, owns the
other 7% of Sky Brazil and Grupo Televisa, S.A., or Televisa, owns the other 59% of Sky Mexico. The results of PanAmericana and Sky Brazil are consolidated in our results. We account for our
41% interest in Sky Mexico under the equity method of accounting.
Key Strengths
-
-
High Quality Digital Picture and
Sound.
Our video and audio programming is 100% digitally delivered, providing subscribers with digital-quality picture and sound, as
well as interactive features. We believe that this compares favorably with cable providers in Latin America, which typically continue to broadcast only analog services or a combination of analog and
digital services to a large percentage of their subscribers.
-
-
Large Subscriber Base and Pan-Regional Scale of
Service.
On a regional basis, we are the largest provider of pay television services in Latin America. We believe that this scale
provides us with the opportunity to obtain programming on favorable terms, and contributes to economies of scale in other areas, such as customer service, equipment and technology purchasing and
broadcast operations.
-
-
Relationship with DIRECTV
U.S.
We believe that our ability to leverage the advanced technologies and best practices developed and followed by DIRECTV U.S. allows
us to take advantage of their economies of scale, intellectual property and financial flexibility. PanAmericana, Sky Brazil and Sky Mexico have aligned their set-top box specifications and
middleware technologies with DIRECTV US, which allows for the launch of new features and services in advance of competitors in the region.
-
-
Leading Brands.
DIRECTV and SKY continue to position their brands in Latin America as a leader in digital entertainment and the best quality television available. In 2010, this was particularly
accentuated by the aggressive positioning of our advanced products,
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Business Strategy
Our strategy is focused on leveraging DTVLA's key strengths in order to differentiate our service from our competitors.
-
-
Offer Unique
Content.
We expect that we can leverage our greater scale to offer unique and compelling content to subscribers. For example, in most of
the territories in which we operate we were the only provider of television services where subscribers could see all of the 2010 FIFA World Cup games, and we were the only operator
distributing all of the games in high definition. In some cases, we held exclusive rights to 2010 FIFA World Cup games. Similarly, Sky Brazil, PanAmericana and Sky Mexico have licensed exclusive
rights through the 2011-2012 season to the Spanish soccer league, which in most countries is the second most popular soccer league behind the local country leagues.
-
-
Increase DVR
Penetration.
A key aspect of our strategy is to use the availability of high quality, reasonably priced DVRs as a cornerstone to
distinguish our service from our competitors' services. We believe that our technology and pan-regional scale, as well as our relationship with DIRECTV U.S., can be leveraged to provide
DVRs that are more functional and less costly than those of our competitors. In most countries in which we operate, our competitors either do not offer DVRs or make them available on terms that have
significantly limited their penetration. As a result of this leadership position, as of the end of 2010, approximately 25% of our subscribers had DVR service.
-
-
Establish Leadership Position in
High-Definition.
PanAmericana and Sky Brazil launched HD services in 2008 and mid-2009, respectively. Other than
in Brazil, Chile and Puerto Rico, our competitors have limited or no HD offerings and many face significant network capacity constraints that limit their ability to offer HD services on a significant
scale. Although we believe that the HD content offerings will be more limited in Latin America than in the United States for the next several years and the uptake of HD services in Latin America will
be much slower than in the United States, we expect that our ability to offer high-quality HD services will provide another opportunity for us to differentiate the quality of our services
from those of our competitors. As of year-end 2010, Sky Brazil offered its customers 35 HD channels and PanAmericana offered its customers on average 10 HD channels.
-
-
Enhance Programming
Features.
We believe that we can differentiate our service from that of our competitors through the use of enhanced features such as
interactivity. For example, we first offered interactive services for soccer matches from the 2006 FIFA World Cup and provided similar features for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. We have offered similar
interactive services for the U.S. Open and Major League Baseball®.
-
-
Tailored Offerings.
Additionally, our strategy includes expanding into the rapidly growing middle class market within the region by tailoring our offers and products accordingly. Typically, these offers and
products are similar to our traditional ones except they allow subscribers access to significantly fewer channels and limit the number of set-top boxes a subscriber may have in
their home. We believe these offers and products provide affordable access to our service to value-focused subscribers.
Infrastructure
We provide services in PanAmericana and Brazil from leased transponders on two satellites. Sky Mexico provides its services from leased
transponders on a separate satellite. In addition, we lease a backup satellite that serves Sky Brazil and Sky Mexico.
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Our principal digital broadcast centers are located in the United States and Brazil. We also have several smaller satellite uplink facilities in the region.
We
typically have self-contained customer service centers in each of the countries we operate. In addition, we operate two pan-regional centers located in
Colombia that provide primary and backup customer service support to most of the PanAmericana region.
Competition
The pay television and other emerging broadband video and data markets in Latin America are highly competitive. In each of our markets,
we compete primarily with other providers of pay television, which distribute their programming by satellite, cable, terrestrial microwave systems, traditional over-the-air
broadcasting or the Internet. In addition, in certain markets we face significant competition from illegal and informal sector pay television operations. We compete primarily on the basis of
programming selection, price, technology and quality.
In
most of the markets in which we operate, cable television is our principal competition. Cable operators typically offer analog services for lower monthly fees and with lower upfront
installation and connection fees than we do. In addition, the cable operators with which we compete are in various stages of upgrading their networks in order to provide broadband and telephony
services, and in some markets the major cable operators are competing with us based principally on their offer of a "triple play" bundle of video, broadband and telephony services. In most cases, they
discount the value of their programming services in order to sell broadband and telephony services, which can adversely affect the attractiveness of our offers to subscribers.
In
addition to competition from cable services, we face increasing competition from other providers of DTH services. Telefonica, the Spanish telephone company, provides DTH services in
Peru, Chile, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Telmex provides DTH service in Chile and Peru, and in 2009 it launched services in Brazil through its affiliate, Embratel. Oi, the second fixed line
incumbent in Brazil (in addition to Telefonica), launched a DTH service in 2009. Also, in Mexico a joint venture of EchoStar Corp. and MVS Comunicaciones launched a new DTH service in 2009, with
substantial commercial support and cooperation from Telmex, which, due to regulatory restrictions, is not currently permitted to provide its own video services in Mexico. These competitors have
significant resources and have proven their ability to grow their businesses rapidly. They typically seek to focus on offering lower-cost, limited services packages in support of their
telephony and broadband offerings, which can increase our churn and put pressure on our margins. Also, the existence of multiple DTH operators in a single market dilutes our ability to market our DTH
service as an alternative to cable, traditionally our principal competition.
In
a number of markets, existing wireline telephony operators have announced their intention to upgrade their infrastructure in order to provide new and enhanced services, including
video programming. These and other companies have announced plans to build wireless broadband networks that will also be capable of delivering broadband, telephony and video services. However, to date
only a very small number of such upgrades and build outs have been actively pursued on other than a test basis.
ACQUISITIONS, STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AND DIVESTITURES
We review our competitive position on an ongoing basis and, from time to time, consider various acquisitions, strategic alliances and divestitures, including
potential wireless broadband investments or alliances, in order to continue to compete effectively, improve our financial results, grow our business and allocate our resources efficiently. We also
consider periodically making equity investments in companies with which we can jointly provide services to our subscribers.
For
a further discussion of our mergers and acquisitions, see Part II, Item 8, Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
We are subject to government regulation in the United States, primarily by the FCC, and similar regulatory agencies in Latin America and, to a certain extent, by
the legislative branches, other federal agencies, and state and local authorities in the countries where we operate. We are also subject to the rules and procedures of the International
Telecommunications Union, or ITU, a specialized agency of the United Nations within which
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governments
and the private sector coordinate global telecommunications networks and services. Depending upon the circumstances, noncompliance with legislation or regulations promulgated by these
entities could result in the suspension or revocation of our licenses or registrations, the termination or loss of contracts or the imposition of contractual damages, civil fines or criminal
penalties.
This
section sets forth a summary of regulatory issues pertaining to our operations in the United States and is not intended to describe all present and proposed government regulation
and legislation affecting the MVPD industry or our business.
FCC Regulation Under the Communications Act and Related Acts.
The Communications Act and other related acts give the FCC broad
authority to regulate
the operations of our company.
The
ownership and operation of our DBS/DTH system is regulated by the FCC primarily for:
-
-
the licensing of DBS and DTH satellites, earth stations and ancillary authorizations;
-
-
the assignment of frequencies and orbital slots, the relocation of satellites to different orbital locations or the
replacement of an existing satellite with a new satellite;
-
-
compliance with the terms and conditions of assignments and authorizations, including required timetables for construction
and operation of satellites;
-
-
avoidance of interference by and to DBS/DTH operations with operations of other entities that make use of the radio
spectrum; and
-
-
compliance with the Communications Act and FCC rules governing U.S.-licensed DBS and DTH systems.
The
FCC grants authorizations to satellite operators that meet its legal, technical and financial qualification requirements. The FCC conditions such authorizations on satisfaction of
ongoing due diligence, construction, reporting and related obligations.
All
of our satellites and earth stations are or have been licensed by the FCC. Currently, two of our satellites are licensed by the government of Canada. While the FCC generally issues
DTH space station licenses for a fifteen-year term, DBS space station and earth station licenses are generally issued for a ten-year term, which is less than the useful life of
a healthy direct broadcast satellite. Upon expiration of the initial license term, the FCC has the option to renew a satellite operator's license or authorize an operator to operate for a period of
time on special temporary authority, or decline to renew the license. If the FCC declines to renew the operator's license, the operator is required to cease operations and the frequencies it was
previously authorized to use would revert to the FCC.
Currently,
we have several applications pending before the FCC, including applications to launch and operate future satellites to support DIRECTV's services. In general, the FCC's
approval of these applications is required for us to continue to expand our range of service offerings while increasing the robustness of our satellite fleet. We may not obtain these approvals in a
timely fashion or at all.
As
a DBS/DTH licensee and operator we are subject to a variety of Communications Act requirements, FCC regulations and copyright laws that could materially affect our business. They
include the following:
-
-
Local-into-Local Service and Limitation on
Retransmission of Distant Broadcast Television Signals.
The Satellite Home Viewer Act ("SHVA," which in this document includes progeny
legislation (including the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999, or SHVIA; the Satellite Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004, or SHVERA; and the Satellite Television
Extension and Localism Act of 2010, or STELA) allows satellite carriers to retransmit the signals of local broadcast television stations in the stations' local markets without obtaining authorization
from the holders of copyrights in the individual programs carried by those stations. Another portion of SHVA also permits satellite retransmission of distant network stations (those that originate
outside of a satellite subscriber's local television market) only to "unserved households." A subscriber qualifies as an "unserved household" if he or she cannot receive, over the air, a signal of
sufficient intensity from a local station affiliated with the same network, or falls into one of a few other very limited exceptions. SHVA also prohibits satellite carriers from signing up a new
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subscriber
to distant analog or digital signals if that subscriber lives in a local market where the satellite carrier makes available the same-network local signal. SHVA imposes a number
of notice and reporting requirements, and also permits satellite retransmission of distant stations in neighboring markets where they are determined by the FCC to be "significantly viewed." In
implementing SHVA, the FCC has required satellite carriers to delete certain programming, including sports programming, from the signals of certain distant stations. In addition, the FCC's continuing
interpretation, implementation and enforcement of other provisions of this legislation as well as judicial decisions interpreting and enforcing these laws, could hamper our ability to retransmit local
and distant network and superstation signals, reduce the number of our existing or future subscribers that can qualify for receipt of these signals, impose costs on us in connection with the process
of complying with the rules, or subject us to fines, monetary damages or injunctions. Also, the FCC's sports blackout requirements, which apply to all distant network signals, may require costly
upgrades to our system. The distant signal provisions of SHVA are now set to expire in 2014. Congress may decline to renew those
provisions, which could severely restrict our ability to retransmit distant signals. Congress could also adopt amendments to SHVA with respect to local or distant signals, including limiting the
provision of distant signals.
-
-
Must Carry
Requirement.
SHVA also imposes a must carry obligation on satellite carriers. This must carry obligation requires satellite carriers
that choose to take advantage of the statutory copyright license in a local market to carry upon request the signals of all qualifying television broadcast stations within that local market, subject
to certain limited exceptions. The FCC has implemented SHVA's must carry requirement and adopted further detailed must carry rules covering our carriage of both commercial and
non-commercial broadcast television stations. These rules generally require us to carry all of the local broadcast stations requesting carriage in a timely and appropriate manner in
markets in which we choose to retransmit the signals of local broadcast stations. We have limited capacity, and the projected number of markets in which we can deliver local broadcast programming will
continue to be constrained because of the must carry requirement and may be reduced depending on the FCC's interpretation of its rules in pending and future rulemaking and complaint proceedings, as
well as judicial decisions interpreting must carry requirements. For example, the FCC issued an order requiring mandatory carriage of high-definition digital signals in an increasing
number of markets each year, requiring so-called "HD carry-one, carry-all" in all local markets served by 2013. We may not be able to comply with these must carry
rules, or compliance may mean that we will be required to use capacity that could otherwise be used for new or additional local or national programming services. Moreover, Congress may amend the must
carry rules at any time.
-
-
Retransmission
Consent.
For those local television broadcast stations that do not elect must carry, SHVA also requires DIRECTV to obtain consent prior
to retransmitting their signals to viewers. Television broadcast stations may withhold this consent (subject to a requirement to negotiate for carriage in good faith), and other provisions of SHVA
prevent DIRECTV from providing duplicate out-of-market programming in many instances. Thus, where network affiliated television stations withhold consent, DIRECTV subscribers
may lose access to popular network programming until such consent is restored.
-
-
Public Interest
Requirement.
Under a requirement of the Communications Act, the FCC has imposed certain public interest obligations on DBS operators,
including a requirement that such providers set aside four percent of channel capacity exclusively for noncommercial programming of an educational or informational nature, for which we must charge
programmers below-market rates and for which we may not impose additional charges on subscribers. FCC rules also require us to comply with a number of political broadcasting requirements to which
broadcasters are subject under the Communications Act, as well as limits on the commercialization of children's programming applicable to cable operators. We believe that we are in compliance with all
of these requirements, but some of them require our interpretations, which we believe are reasonable and consistent with industry practice. However, if we are challenged, the FCC may not agree with
our interpretations. In addition, the
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FCC
could, in the future, attempt to impose additional public interest or content requirements on us, for example, by seeking to impose rules on indecent programming.
-
-
Emergency Alert
System.
The Emergency Alert System, or EAS, requires participants to interrupt programming during nationally declared emergencies and to
pass through emergency related information. The FCC has adopted rules that require satellite carriers to participate in the "national" portion of EAS. It is also considering whether to mandate that
satellite carriers also interrupt programming for local emergencies and weather events. We believe that any such requirement would be very difficult to implement, would require costly changes to our
DBS/DTH system, and, depending on how it is implemented, could inconvenience or confuse our viewers. The FCC is also considering whether to require that EAS alerts be provided in multiple languages or
via text messages, which could also prove difficult and costly to implement depending upon the nature of any such requirement adopted.
-
-
Spectrum Allocation and License Assignment
Rules.
We depend upon the FCC's allocation of sufficient DBS frequencies and assignment of DBS licenses in order to operate our
business. DBS frequencies and available DBS orbital locations capable of supporting our business have become increasingly scarce. While we have obtained additional DTH service capacity and continue to
explore new sources of DBS/DTH capacity, there can be no assurance that we will obtain further capacity. In addition, the FCC had adopted a system of competitive bidding to assign licenses for
additional DBS frequencies. On June 21, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit held that such an auction process was not authorized by statute. The FCC subsequently
voided the previous auction and implemented a freeze on applications for authority to provide DBS service in the United States using new frequencies or new orbital locations not assigned to the United
States in the ITU Region 2 Broadcasting Satellite Service, or BSS, Plan. On August 18, 2006, the FCC began a proceeding to identify a new system for assigning DBS authorizations. There can be
no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional DBS capacity under whatever system the FCC implements in the future.
In
2007, the FCC adopted new service and licensing rules for the BSS in the 17.3-17.8 GHz and 24.75-25.25 GHz bands, or
17
/
24
GHz BSS. This spectrum, also known
as the "reverse band" (in that transmissions from these satellites to consumers would occur in spectrum currently used for uplinking programming to traditional DBS satellites), could provide a new
source of additional DTH capacity. DIRECTV currently holds authorizations for satellites in this band at three orbital locations. However, foreign operators who may have international priority have
indicated an interest in using slots that may conflict with some or all of these licenses. One foreign licensed operator, Spectrum Five LLC, has filed a petition seeking reconsideration of one
of DIRECTV's licenses at an orbital location where Spectrum Five also proposes to operate, and that petition remains pending.
-
-
Rules Governing Co-Existence With Other Satellite and
Terrestrial Services and Service Providers in the MVPD Industry.
The FCC has adopted rules to allow non-geostationary orbit
fixed satellite services to operate on a co-primary basis in the same frequency band as the one used by direct broadcast satellite and Ku-Band-based fixed satellite
services. In the same proceeding, the FCC concluded that multi-channel video and data distribution services, or MVDDS, can share spectrum with DBS operators on a non-interference basis,
and adopted rules and a method for assigning licenses in that service, as well. While the FCC has established service and technical rules to govern the non-geostationary orbit and MVDDS
services to protect DBS operations from harmful interference, these rules may not be sufficient to prevent such interference, and the introduction of such services into spectrum used by us for DBS
service may have a material adverse impact on our operations. In addition, one MVDDS operator recently received a conditional waiver of the applicable rules so that it could operate its system in
Albuquerque, New Mexico at substantially higher power levels, which may have a material adverse impact on our operations in that market. Although we have opposed that waiver request, there can be no
assurance that the FCC will deny it.
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spaced"
satellitessatellites that would operate in the same DBS uplink and downlink frequency bands as us, from orbital positions located in between those now assigned to the DBS service.
This rulemaking follows applications by SES and Spectrum Five LLC to operate tweener satellites. Under rules that the FCC is considering, a provider could, by complying with certain technical
restrictions, operate a satellite in between two orbital locations where we have already positioned our satellites without completing coordination of its operations with us and without demonstrating
that such operations would not "affect" us as that term is defined by the ITU. We have opposed this proposal, and believe that tweener satellites as proposed by applicants would cause interference to
our current and planned operations and impose a significant constraint on the further growth of our DIRECTV U.S. DBS service. We cannot predict what if any action the FCC may take or the effect of
such a proceeding on our business.
On
November 29, 2006, despite the pendency of the tweener satellite rulemaking and over our opposition, the FCC's International Bureau granted Spectrum Five's application to operate a tweener
satellite at the 114.5
o
WL orbital location, only 4.5
o
away from our DBS satellites operating at the 110
o
WL and 119
o
WL orbital
locations. While the Bureau limited Spectrum Five's operations to levels below those at which the ITU deems one DBS system to "affect" another in the absence of agreement from all affected DBS
operators (including us), the Bureau's grant of Spectrum Five's application prior to coordination could ultimately permit Spectrum Five to operate at levels that would cause interference to our
operations. On February 1, 2008, the full FCC denied reconsideration of the International Bureau's order, but clarified that, if Spectrum Five is unable to coordinate its tweener satellite, it
must file for a modification of its authorization and demonstrate that its proposed operational parameters would not exceed the ITU trigger for coordination. To date, Spectrum Five has neither engaged
in negotiations to coordinate its tweener system nor filed for modification of its authorization as directed by the FCC. Instead, it recently sought extension of the November 29, 2010 deadline
for completion of its first satellite.
The
FCC has also adopted rules that require satellite operators to take certain measures to mitigate the dangers of collision and orbital debris. Among other things, these rules impose certain
requirements for satellite design and end-of-life disposal maneuvers for all satellites launched after March 18, 2002, which apply to eight of our in-orbit
satellites. We believe that we are in compliance with all of these requirements and expect that we will continue to be able to comply with them going forward, but the requirements for
end-of-life disposal could result in a slight reduction in the operational life of each new satellite.
-
-
Geographic Service
Rules.
The FCC requires DBS licensees to comply with certain geographic service obligations intended to foster the provision of DBS
service to subscribers residing in the states of Alaska and Hawaii. We believe that we are in compliance with these rules although, in the past, some have argued otherwise to the FCC. The FCC has not
acted on petitions filed several years ago by the State of Hawaii and an Alaska satellite television dealer. We cannot be sure that the FCC will agree with our view that we are in compliance with the
agency's geographic services rules, or that the FCC will not require us to make potentially cumbersome and costly changes to our offerings. The FCC has also adopted similar rules for the
17
/
24
GHz BSS service.
-
-
FCC Conditions Imposed In Connection With the Liberty and News
Corporation Transactions.
In approving Liberty's 2008 acquisition of News Corporation's equity investment in us, the FCC imposed a
number of regulatory conditions on us and Liberty, some of which directly or indirectly affected our business. In granting authority for subsequent transactions in 2009 and 2010, the FCC conditioned
its approval on continued compliance with those conditions. Accordingly, the FCC has imposed on us program carriage conditions intended to prevent discrimination against all forms of unaffiliated
programming; and certain program access conditions intended to ensure non-discriminatory access to much of the programming carried on the DIRECTV service. In particular, we may be required
to submit to "baseball style" arbitration if we cannot arrive at terms for carriage of our regional sports network programming with an MVPD.
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International Telecommunications Union Rules.
We are required by international rules to coordinate the use of the frequencies on
our satellites with
other satellite operators who may interfere with us or who may suffer interference from our operations.
Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements.
DBS/DTH providers are subject to other federal and state regulatory requirements, such
as Federal Trade
Commission, FCC and state telemarketing and advertising rules, and subscriber privacy rules similar to those governing other MVPDs. We have agreed with the Federal Trade Commission to
(1) review and monitor compliance with telemarketing laws by any companies we authorize to do telemarketing as well as by independent retailers, (2) investigate and respond to complaints
about alleged improper telemarketing and (3) terminate our relationship with marketers or retailers found in violation. Similarly, we
have agreed with certain state attorneys general to comply with advertising disclosure requirements and monitor compliance by independent retailers.
In
addition, although Congress has granted the FCC exclusive jurisdiction over the provision of DTH satellite services, aspects of DBS/DTH service remain regulated at the state and local
level. For example, the FCC has promulgated rules prohibiting restrictions by local government agencies, such as zoning commissions and private organizations, such as homeowners associations, on the
placement of DBS receiving antennas. Local governments and homeowners associations, however, may continue to regulate the placement of such antennas if necessary to accomplish a clearly defined public
safety objective or to preserve a recognized historic district, and may also apply to the FCC for a waiver of FCC rules if there are other local concerns of a special or unusual nature. In addition, a
number of state and local governments have attempted to impose consumer protection, customer service and other types of regulation on DBS operators. Also, while Congress has prohibited local taxation
of the provision of DBS service, taxation at the state level is permissible, and many states have imposed such taxes, and additional states have attempted to do so recently. Incident to conducting a
consumer directed business, we occasionally receive inquiries or complaints from authorities such as state attorneys general and state consumer protection offices. These matters are generally resolved
in the ordinary course of business, and DIRECTV recently agreed to implement a restitution program for consumers who send eligible complaints related to consumer protection practices.
In
Latin America, DTVLA and its subsidiaries are subject to laws and regulations in each country in which they operate that govern many of the same aspects of our operations as in the
United States, such as landing rights for satellites; spectrum, earth station and other licenses; must carry and other requirements with respect to the channels we carry; and regulations governing
telemarketing and customer service. Regulatory regimes in Latin America are generally less developed than in the United States, and the application of existing laws and regulations to DBS providers is
at times uncertain. In addition, there are certain areas where regulations in Latin America are stricter than in the United States, such as regarding labor and consumer protection laws. Foreign
exchange laws in some countries can have a material impact on our ability to repatriate funds to the United States. Also, several countries such as Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil have passed or
proposed laws imposing certain "national" content requirements, advertising limitations and other requirements on the content we distribute which could, depending on the substance of the requirements
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and
how they are applied, have a material impact on our subsidiaries operating in those countries.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
All DIRECTV companies maintain active programs for identifying and protecting our important intellectual property. With the exception of certain patents and
trademarks held by certain subsidiaries of DIRECTV Group and various intellectual property licensed from third parties, DIRECTV Group owns all of our intellectual property for the benefit of our
company and subsidiaries.
We
believe that our growing portfolio of pending and issued patents are important assets. We presently hold over 2,000 issued patents worldwide relating to our past and present
businesses, including over 500 patents developed by, or otherwise relating to, the businesses of DIRECTV U.S. We hold a worldwide portfolio of over 1,150 trademarks related to the DIRECTV brand, the
Cyclone Design and DIRECTV products and services. In particular, DIRECTV U.S. holds trademark registrations relating to its business, including registrations of the primary "DIRECTV" and the DIRECTV
Cyclone Design trademarks. In many instances, these trademarks are licensed royalty-free to third parties for use in support of the DIRECTV U.S. business. We actively protect our important
patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights against unauthorized or improper use by third parties.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
We are subject to the requirements of federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations. These include laws regulating air emissions, water
discharge and universal and hazardous waste management activities. We have an environmental management function designed to track, facilitate and support our compliance with these requirements and
attempt to maintain compliance with all such requirements. We have made and will continue to make, as necessary, capital and other expenditures to comply with environmental requirements. We do not,
however, expect capital or other expenditures for environmental compliance to be material in 2011. In addition, we periodically review environmental stewardship concepts (such as green initiatives and
energy conservation strategies) and implement these whenever feasible. Environmental requirements are complex, change frequently and have become more stringent over time. Accordingly, we cannot
provide assurance that these requirements will not change or become more stringent in the future in a manner that could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We
are also subject to environmental laws requiring the investigation and cleanup of environmental contamination at facilities we formerly owned or operated or currently own or operate
or to which we sent hazardous wastes, including specified universal wastes, for treatment, service, disposal or recycling. We are aware of contamination at one of our former sites. We are in the
process of complying with the requirements stipulated by the government agency overseeing the site cleanup and have allocated the funds to achieve the decontamination goals.
SEGMENT REPORTING DATA
Operating segment and principal geographic area data for 2010, 2009 and 2008 are summarized in Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements in Item 8, Part II of this Annual Report, which we incorporate herein by reference.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2010, DIRECTV U.S. had approximately 16,000 full-time and 300 part-time employees, DIRECTV Latin America had
approximately 7,000 full-time and 1,600 part-time employees and Sports Networks and Other had approximately 200 full-time employees.
ACCESS TO COMPANY REPORTS
Our website address is www.directv.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on
Form 8-K, and amendments to those
reports filed or furnished, if any, pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable
after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We are not incorporating by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K any information on our website.
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In addition, our DIRECTV U.S. subsidiary, DIRECTV Holdings LLC, is a separate registrant with the SEC. You can access DIRECTV Holdings LLC's Annual
Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished, if any,
pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 free of charge through our website at www.directv.com as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically
filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.
***
DIRECTV,
DIRECTV Cinema and the DIRECTV Cyclone Design are trademarks of The DIRECTV Group, Inc. and/or its related entities. Other trademarks, service marks and trade names
appearing in this Annual Report are the property of their respective holders.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risk factors. The risks described below are not the only ones facing our company.
Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business, financial conditions or results of operations.
Our
business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by the following:
We compete with other MVPDs, some of whom have greater resources than we do and levels of competition are increasing.
We compete in the MVPD industry against cable television, telcos and wireless companies and other land-based and
satellite-based system operators with service offerings including video, audio and interactive programming, data and other entertainment services and telephony service. Some of these competitors have
greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do.
Some
cable television operators have large, established customer bases and many cable operators have significant investments in, and access to, programming. According to the National
Cable & Telecommunications Association's 2008 Industry Overview, 96% of the 128.6 million U.S. housing units are passed by cable. Of the 128.6 million U.S. housing units,
approximately 97.6 million subscribe to an MVPD service and approximately 62% of MVPD subscribers receive their programming from a cable operator. Cable television operators have advantages
relative to us, including or as a result of:
-
-
being the incumbent MVPD operator with an established subscriber base in the territories in which we compete;
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-
bundling their video service with efficient two-way high-speed Internet access or telephone
service on upgraded cable systems;
-
-
having the ability to provide certain local and other programming, including HD programming, in geographic areas where we
do not currently provide local or local HD programming; and
-
-
having legacy arrangements for exclusivity in certain multiple dwelling units and planned communities.
In
addition, cable television operators have grown their subscriber bases through mergers and acquisitions. Moreover, mergers, joint ventures and alliances among franchise, wireless or
private cable television operators, telcos, broadband service providers and others may result in providers capable of offering bundled television, data and telecommunications services in competition
with our services.
We
do not currently offer local channel coverage to markets covering approximately three percent of U.S. television households, which places us at a competitive disadvantage in those
markets. We also have been unable to secure certain international programming, due to exclusive arrangements of programming providers with certain competitors, which has constrained our ability to
compete for subscribers who wish to obtain such programming. And as discussed below, certain cable-affiliated programmers have withheld their programming from us in certain markets, which has further
constrained our ability to compete for subscribers in those markets.
In
the United States, various telcos and broadband service providers have deployed fiber optic lines directly to customers' homes or neighborhoods to deliver video services, which
compete with the DIRECTV service. It is uncertain whether we will be able to increase our satellite capacity, offer a significant level of new services in existing markets in which
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we
compete or expand to additional markets as may be necessary to compete effectively. Some of these various telcos and broadband service providers also sell the DIRECTV service as part of a bundle
with their voice and data services. A new broadly-deployed network with the capability of providing video, voice and data services could present a significant competitive challenge and, in the case of
the telcos currently selling the DIRECTV service, could result in such companies focusing less effort and resources selling the DIRECTV service or declining to sell it at all. We may be unable to
develop other distribution methods to make up for lost sales through the telcos.
As
a result of these and other factors, we may not be able to continue to expand our subscriber base or compete effectively against cable television or other MVPD operators in the
future.
Emerging digital media competition could materially adversely affect us.
Our business is focused on television, and we face emerging competition from other providers of digital media, some of which have
greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. In particular, programming offered over the Internet has become more prevalent as the speed and quality of broadband networks have
improved. OVDs and providers such as Hulu, Roku, Netflix, Apple TV, Amazon and Google TV are aggressively working to establish themselves as an alternative provider of video services. Such
services and the growing availability of online content, coupled with an expanding market for connected devices and internet-connected televisions, poses a potential competitive challenge to
traditional MVPDs, as a number of consumers may decide to drop their traditional MVPD subscription package.
Significant
changes in consumer behavior with regard to the means by which they obtain video entertainment and information in response to this emerging digital media competition could
materially adversely affect our revenues and earnings or otherwise disrupt our business.
We depend on others to produce programming and programming costs are increasing.
Almost all of our programming is provided by unaffiliated third parties. Typically our programming agreements are
multiple-year agreements and contain annual price increases. When negotiating to acquire rights to new programming, or for renewal of expiring contracts, programming suppliers have
historically increased the rates they charge us for programming, increasing our costs. Often these increases are greater than the rate of inflation for the same period. We expect this practice to
continue and the negotiations over such increases to become more difficult and potentially disruptive. Increases in programming costs, including retransmission costs for broadcast programming, could
cause us to increase the rates that we charge our subscribers, which could in turn, especially in a difficult economic environment, cause subscribers to terminate their subscriptions or potential new
subscribers to refrain from subscribing to our service. Furthermore, due to the economy and other factors, we may be unable to pass programming cost increases on to our subscribers. Alternatively, in
order to attempt to mitigate the effect of proposed programming price increases, we may refuse to carry certain channels, which could adversely affect subscriber growth or result in higher churn.
In
addition, a limited number of cable-affiliated programmers have in the past denied us access to their programming. Our ability to compete successfully will depend on our ability to
continue to obtain desirable programming and deliver it to our subscribers at competitive prices. We may not be able to renew these agreements on favorable terms, or at all, or these agreements may be
canceled prior to expiration of their original terms. If we are unable to renew any of these agreements or the other parties cancel the agreements, we may not be able to obtain substitute programming,
or if we are able to obtain such substitute programming, it may not be comparable in quality or cost to our existing programming.
If
we are unable to obtain rights to programming or are unable to pass additional costs on to subscribers, the potential loss of subscribers and the need to absorb some or all of the
additional costs could have a material adverse effect on our earnings or cash flow.
A National Football League strike or lockout in 2011 could materially adversely affect our cash flows.
DIRECTV U.S. has a contract with the National Football League for the exclusive rights to distribute the NFL Sunday Ticket Package to
DIRECTV U.S. subscribers. The NFL's collective bargaining agreement
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with
its players expires before the beginning of the 2011-2012 NFL season. If there is a players' strike or an owners' lockout and no games are played or a reduced schedule is played,
DIRECTV U.S. would still be obligated to make certain contractual payments to the NFL for such season. DIRECTV U.S. subscriber revenues would decrease if NFL games are not played or a full season is
lost and cash flows from operating activities would decrease from lower revenues as well as our continuing obligation to make certain contractual payments to the NFL. DIRECTV U.S. will be able to
partially offset these payments through provisions such as credits in the following year, reimbursements for games not played and its rights to an extra season if the entire season is cancelled, but
in the near term a strike or lockout could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows from operating activities primarily due to payments we may have to make to the NFL, including minimum
contractual obligations, an optional advance payment that may be requested by the NFL and the loss of subscriber revenue, as well as possibly resulting in reduced subscriber additions and higher
churn.
Increased subscriber churn or subscriber upgrade and retention costs could materially adversely affect our financial performance.
Turnover of subscribers in the form of subscriber service cancellations, or churn, has a significant financial impact on the results of
operations of any subscription television provider, including us, as does the cost of upgrading and retaining subscribers. Any increase in our upgrade and retention costs for our existing subscribers
or increased retransmission fees paid to broadcasters may adversely affect our financial performance or cause us to increase our subscription rates, which could increase churn. Churn may also increase
due to factors beyond our control, including churn by subscribers who are unable to pay their monthly subscription fees, a slowing economy, significant signal theft, consumer fraud, a maturing
subscriber base and competitive offers. Any of the risks described in this Annual Report that could potentially have a material adverse impact on our cost or service quality or that could result in
higher prices for our subscribers could also, in turn, cause an increase in churn and consequently have a material adverse effect on our earnings and financial performance.
Our subscriber acquisition costs could materially increase.
We incur costs relating to subscribers acquired by us and subscribers acquired through third parties. These costs are known as
subscriber acquisition costs. For instance, we provide installation incentives to our retailers to enable them to offer standard professional installation as part of the subscriber's purchase or lease
of a DIRECTV System. In addition, we pay commissions to retailers for their efforts in offering a DIRECTV System at a lower cost to consumers. Our subscriber acquisition costs may materially increase
to the extent we offer more costly advanced equipment or services, including connecting our receivers to the customers' broadband service, continue or expand current sales promotion activities or
introduce other more aggressive promotions, or due to increased competition. Any material increase in subscriber acquisition costs from current levels would negatively impact our earnings and could
materially adversely affect our financial performance.
Results are impacted by the effect of, and changes in, United States economic conditions and weakening economic conditions may reduce subscriber spending and our rate of
growth of subscriber additions and may increase subscriber churn.
Our business may be affected by factors in the United States that are beyond our control, such as downturns in economic activity, or in
the MVPD industry. Factors such as interest rates and the health of the housing market may impact our business. A substantial portion of our revenues comes from residential customers whose spending
patterns may be affected by prevailing economic conditions. Our market share in multiple dwelling units such as apartment buildings is lower than that of many of our competitors. If unemployment and
foreclosures of single family residences increase, our earnings and financial performance could be negatively affected more than those of our competitors. In addition, if our customers seek
alternative means to obtain video entertainment, they may choose to purchase fewer services from us. Due to the economic and competitive environment, we may need to spend more, or we may provide
greater discounts or credits, to acquire and retain customers who in turn spend less on our services. If our ARPU decreases or does not increase commensurate with increases in programming or other
costs, our margins could become compressed and the long term value of a customer would then decrease.
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The
weak economy may affect our net subscriber additions and reduce subscriber spending and, if these economic conditions continue or deteriorate further, our subscriber growth could decline and our
churn rate
could increase which would have a material adverse effect on our earnings and financial performance.
DTVLA is subject to various additional risks associated with doing business internationally, which include political instability, economic instability, and foreign currency
exchange rate volatility.
All of DTVLA's operating companies are located outside the continental United States. DTVLA operates and has subscribers located
throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, which makes it vulnerable to risks of conducting business in foreign markets, including:
-
-
difficulties and costs associated with complying with a wide variety of complex laws, treaties and regulations;
-
-
unexpected changes in political or regulatory environments;
-
-
earnings and cash flows that may be subject to tax withholding requirements or the imposition of tariffs, exchange
controls or other restrictions;
-
-
difficulties and costs associated with the repatriation of cash from foreign countries to the United States;
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political and economic instability;
-
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import and export restrictions and other trade barriers;
-
-
difficulties in maintaining overseas subsidiaries and international operations;
-
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difficulties in obtaining approval for significant transactions;
-
-
government takeover or nationalization of business; and
-
-
government mandated price controls.
In
the past, the countries that constitute some of DTVLA's largest markets, including Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Venezuela have experienced economic crises, caused by external and
internal factors, and characterized by exchange rate instability, high inflation, high domestic interest rates, economic contraction, a reduction or cessation of international capital flows, a
reduction of liquidity in the banking sector and high unemployment. These economic conditions have often been related to political instability, including political violence. If these economic
conditions recur, they could substantially reduce the purchasing power of the population in our markets, including the middle-markets which we are targeting, and materially adversely affect our
business.
Because
DTVLA offers premium pay television programming, its business may be particularly vulnerable to economic downturns. DTVLA has experienced, and may in the future experience,
decreases or instability in consumer demand for its programming, as well as subscriber credit problems. DTVLA's inability to adjust its business and operations to adequately address these issues could
materially adversely affect its revenues and ability to sustain profitable operations.
Our ability to keep pace with technological developments is uncertain.
In the video industry, changes occur rapidly as new technologies are developed, which could cause our services and products that
deliver our services to become obsolete. We may not be able to keep pace with technological developments. If the new technologies on which we intend to focus our investments fail to achieve acceptance
in the marketplace or our technology does not work and requires significant cost to replace or fix, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our future competitive position, which could cause a
reduction in our revenues and earnings. For example, our competitors could be the first to obtain proprietary technologies that are perceived by the market as being superior. Further, after incurring
substantial costs, one or more of the technologies under development by us or any of our strategic partners could become obsolete prior to its introduction.
In
addition, technological innovation depends, to a significant extent, on the work of technically skilled employees. Competition for the services of these employees has been vigorous.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to attract and retain these employees.
To
access technologies and provide products that are necessary for us to remain competitive, particularly in the area of broadband services, we may make future acquisitions and
investments and may enter into strategic
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partnerships
with other companies. Such investments may require a commitment of significant capital and human and other resources. The value of such acquisitions, investments and partnerships and the
technology accessed may be highly speculative. Arrangements with third parties can lead to contractual and other disputes and dependence on the development and delivery of necessary technology on
third parties that we may not be able to control or influence. These relationships may commit us to technologies that are rendered obsolete by other developments or preclude the pursuit of other
technologies which may prove to be superior.
Our business relies on intellectual property, some of which is owned by third parties, and we may inadvertently infringe patents and proprietary rights of others.
Many entities, including some of our competitors, have or may in the future obtain patents and other intellectual property rights that
cover or affect products or services related to those that
we currently offer or may offer in the future. In general, if a court determines that one or more of our services or the products used to transmit or receive our services infringes on intellectual
property owned by others, we and the applicable manufacturers or vendors may be required to cease developing or marketing those services and products, to obtain licenses from the owners of the
intellectual property or to redesign those services and products in such a way as to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights. If a third party holds intellectual property rights, it may not
allow us or the applicable manufacturers to use its intellectual property at any price, which could materially adversely affect our competitive position.
We
may not be aware of all intellectual property rights that our services or the products used to transmit or receive our services may potentially infringe. In addition, patent
applications in the United States are generally confidential until the Patent and Trademark Office issues a patent. Therefore, we cannot evaluate the extent to which our services or the products used
to transmit or receive our services may infringe claims contained in pending patent applications. Further, without lengthy litigation, it is often not possible to determine definitively whether a
claim of infringement is valid.
We
cannot estimate the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain intellectual property licenses or the availability and cost of any such licenses. Those costs, and their
impact on our earnings, could be material. Damages in patent infringement cases may also include treble damages in certain circumstances. To the extent that we are required to pay royalties to third
parties to whom we are not currently making payments, these increased costs of doing business could materially adversely affect our operating results. We are currently being sued in patent
infringement actions related to use of technologies in our DTH business. There can be no assurance that the courts will conclude that our services or the products used to transmit or receive our
services do not infringe on the rights of third parties, that we or the manufacturers would be able to obtain licenses from these persons on commercially reasonable terms or, if we were unable to
obtain such licenses, that we or the manufacturers would be able to redesign our services or the products used to transmit or receive our services to avoid infringement. The final disposition of these
claims is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, but could possibly be material to our consolidated results of operations for any one period. Further,
no assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to our consolidated financial position. See "Legal ProceedingsIntellectual Property Litigation" in Part I,
Item 3 which is incorporated by reference herein.
We rely on key personnel.
We believe that our future success will depend to a significant extent upon the performance of certain of our key executives. The loss
of certain of our key executives could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Construction or launch delays on satellites could materially adversely affect our revenues and earnings.
A key component of our business strategy is our ability to expand our offering of new programming and services, including increased
local and HD programming. In order to accomplish this goal, we need to construct and launch new satellites. The construction and launch of satellites are often subject to delays, including satellite
and launch vehicle construction delays, periodic unavailability of reliable launch opportunities due to
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competition
for launch slots, weather and also due to general delays that result when a launch provider experiences a launch failure, and delays in obtaining regulatory approvals. A significant delay
in the future delivery of any satellite would materially adversely affect the use of the satellite and
thus could materially adversely affect our anticipated revenues and earnings. If satellite construction schedules are not met, there can be no assurance that a launch opportunity will be available at
the time a satellite is ready to be launched. Certain delays in satellite construction could also jeopardize a satellite authorization that is conditioned on timely construction and launch of the
satellite.
Our satellites are subject to significant launch and operational risks.
Satellites are subject to significant operational risks relating to launch and while in orbit. Launch and operational risks include
launch failure, incorrect orbital placement or improper commercial operation. Launch failures result in significant delays in the deployment of satellites because of the need both to construct
replacement satellites, which can take up to 36 months, and obtain other launch opportunities. We estimate the overall historical loss rate for all launches of commercial satellites in the last
seven years to be approximately five percent but it may be higher. Any significant delays or failures in successfully launching and deploying our satellites could materially adversely affect our
ability to generate revenues. While we have traditionally purchased insurance covering the launch and, in limited cases, operation of our satellites, such policies typically cover the loss of the
satellite itself or a portion thereof, and not the business interruption or other associated direct and indirect costs. For example, we purchased launch insurance covering a portion of our DIRECTV 12
satellite, which we launched at the end of 2009, and launch vehicle costs in the event of a total loss of the satellite prior to separation from the launch vehicle, but did not purchase
in-orbit insurance for it.
In-orbit
risks include malfunctions, commonly referred to as anomalies, and collisions with meteoroids, other spacecraft or other space debris. Anomalies occur as a result of
various factors, such as satellite manufacturing errors, problems with the power systems or control systems of the satellites and general failures resulting from operating satellites in the harsh
space environment. We work closely with our satellite manufacturers to determine and eliminate the potential causes of anomalies in new satellites and provide for redundancies of critical components
in the satellites as well as having backup satellite capacity. However, we cannot assure you that we will not experience anomalies in the future, nor can we assure you that our backup satellite
capacity will be sufficient for our business purposes.
Any
single anomaly or series of anomalies could materially adversely affect our operations and revenues and our relationships with our subscribers, as well as our ability to attract new
subscribers for our services. Anomalies may also reduce the expected useful life of a satellite, thereby creating additional expenses due to the need to provide replacement or backup satellites and
potentially reducing revenues if service is interrupted. Finally, the occurrence of anomalies may materially adversely affect our ability to insure our satellites at commercially reasonable premiums,
if at all. While some anomalies are currently covered by existing insurance policies, others are not now covered or may not be covered in the future.
Our
ability to earn revenue also depends on the usefulness of our satellites. Each satellite has a limited useful life. A number of factors affect the useful life of a satellite,
including, among other things:
-
-
the design;
-
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the quality of its construction;
-
-
the durability of its component parts;
-
-
the launch vehicle's insertion of the satellite into orbit;
-
-
any required movement, temporary or permanent, of the satellite;
-
-
the ability to continue to maintain proper orbit and control over the satellite's functions; and
-
-
the remaining on-board fuel following orbit insertion.
Generally,
the minimum design life of the satellites in our fleet is between 12 and 16 years. The actual useful lives of the satellites may be shorter or longer, in some cases
significantly. Our operating results could be adversely affected if the useful life of any of our satellites were significantly shorter than 12 years from the date of launch.
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In
the event of a failure or loss of any of DIRECTV U.S.' satellites, DIRECTV U.S. may relocate another satellite and use it as a replacement for the failed or lost satellite. In the
event of a complete satellite failure, DIRECTV U.S.' services provided via that satellite could be unavailable for several days or longer while backup in-orbit satellites are repositioned
and services are moved. DIRECTV U.S. is not insured for any resultant lost revenues. The use of backup satellite capacity for DIRECTV U.S. programming may require DIRECTV U.S. to discontinue some
programming services due to potentially reduced capacity on the backup satellite. Any relocation of DIRECTV U.S.' satellites would require prior FCC approval and, among other things, a demonstration
to the FCC that the replacement satellite would not cause additional interference compared to the failed or lost satellite. Such FCC approval may not be obtained. DIRECTV U.S. believes they have or
will have in 2011, in-orbit satellite capacity to expeditiously recover transmission of most our programming in the event one of our in-orbit satellites fails. However,
programming continuity cannot be assured in the event of multiple satellite losses.
DTVLA
provides its services in PanAmericana and Brazil using leased transponders on two satellites. Sky Mexico provides its services from leased transponders on a separate satellite.
Backup satellite capacity is available to serve Sky Brazil and Sky Mexico. In the event of a failure of a satellite used to provide services to Sky Brazil or Sky Mexico, we believe DTVLA has
sufficient in orbit back-up capacity to recover transmission of most of its programming distributed in those markets. However, in PanAmericana, DTVLA has no designated back up satellite
capacity for the region and, therefore, programming continuity cannot be assured in the event of a satellite loss.
The loss of a satellite that is not insured could materially adversely affect our earnings.
Any launch vehicle failure, or loss or destruction of any of our satellites, even if insured, could have a material adverse effect on
our financial condition and results of operations, our ability to comply with FCC regulatory obligations and our ability to fund the construction or acquisition of replacement satellites in a timely
fashion, or at all. At December 31, 2010, the net book value of in-orbit satellites was $2,165 million, none of which was insured.
We depend on the Communications Act for access to cable-affiliated programming and changes impacting that access could materially adversely affect us.
We purchase a substantial percentage of our programming from programmers that are affiliated with cable system operators, including key
regional sports networks, or RSNs. Currently, under certain provisions of the Communications Act governing access to programming, cable-affiliated programmers generally must sell and deliver their
programming services to all MVPDs on non-discriminatory terms and conditions. The Communications Act and the FCC rules also prohibit certain types of exclusive programming contracts
involving programming from cable-affiliated programmers.
Any
change in the Communications Act or the FCC's rules that would permit programmers that are affiliated with cable system operators to refuse to provide such programming or to impose
discriminatory terms or conditions could materially adversely affect our ability to acquire programming on a cost-effective basis, or at all. The Communications Act prohibitions on certain
cable industry exclusive contracting practices with cable-affiliated programmers were extended by the FCC through October 2012, though it is currently considering proposals that could shorten the term
of this extension if a cable operator could show that competition from new entrant MVPDs had reached a sufficient penetration level in the relevant marketing area.
In
addition, certain cable providers have denied us and other MVPDs access to a limited number of channels created by programmers with which the cable providers are affiliated. In other
cases, such programmers have denied MVPDs high definition feeds of such programming. The cable providers have asserted that they are not required to provide such programming (or resolution) due to the
manner in which that programming is distributed, which they argue is not covered by the program access provisions of the Communications Act. The FCC recently adopted new rules under which such
programming would also be subject to certain non-exclusivity and non-discrimination requirements. These rules have been challenged in court, however. In addition, they will
require a further evidentiary showing by an MVPD seeking access to such programming. If these new rules are successfully challenged in court or we cannot make the
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required
evidentiary showing, we may continue to be precluded from obtaining such programming, which in turn could materially adversely affect our ability to compete in regions serviced by those cable
providers. Although the FCC also addressed some of these issues in a limited fashion by placing access conditions on certain regional sports networks affiliated with Time Warner Cable, Inc. and
Comcast Corporation, as well as placing various program access conditions relating to Comcast Corporation's acquisition of control of NBC Universal, it is not clear that we will be able to assure
continued access to this programming on fair and nondiscriminatory terms.
DIRECTV
itself is subject to similar restrictions with respect to certain programmers affiliated with us. The FCC imposed a number of conditions
on its approval of Liberty Media's acquisition of News Corporation's interest in DIRECTV in 2007 which continues to apply. Among other things, those conditions require DIRECTV to offer national and
regional programming services it controls to all MVPDs on non-exclusive and non-discriminatory terms and conditions, and prohibits DIRECTV from entering into exclusive
arrangements with affiliated programmers or unduly influencing such programmers in their dealings with other MVPDs. The conditions also require DIRECTV to engage in "baseball style" arbitration if
elected by an MVPD where the parties cannot agree on terms and conditions for carriage of RSN programming owned, managed or controlled by DIRECTV. This condition continues to apply to the three RSNs
DIRECTV acquired from Liberty Media in 2009.
Changes to and implementation of statutory copyright license requirements may negatively affect our ability to deliver local and distant broadcast stations, as well as other
aspects of our business.
We carry the signals of distant broadcast stations pursuant to statutory copyright licenses contained in SHVA.
SHVA,
related laws, and FCC implementing rules also govern our provision of local broadcast signals. STELA itself directed a number of federal agencies and bodies to conduct proceedings
to evaluate the possibility of significant changes to these laws. Such changes could limit our ability to deliver local broadcast signals. More generally, we have limited capacity, and the projected
number of markets in which we can deliver local broadcast programming will continue to be constrained because of the statutory "carry-one, carry-all" requirement and may be
reduced depending on changes to that requirement, the FCC's interpretation of its rules in pending and future rulemaking and complaint proceedings, as well as judicial decisions interpreting must
carry requirements. We may not be able to comply with these must carry rules, or compliance may mean that we are not able to use capacity that could otherwise be used for new or additional local or
national programming services. In addition, the FCC has issued an increasing obligation for carriage of local digital broadcast transmissions in HD format. We may be unable to comply with this
requirement in markets where we currently carry such signals without ceasing HD local service entirely in some markets, and would be precluded from launching additional markets currently planned.
In
addition, the FCC has adopted rules requiring us to negotiate in good faith with broadcast stations seeking carriage outside of the mandatory carriage regime described elsewhere. The
rules for "retransmission consent" negotiations, which are similar to those that have applied to broadcast stations for years, require us to comply with certain indicia of good faith negotiation, as
well as to demonstrate good faith under a "totality of the circumstances" test. Failure to comply with these rules could subject us to administrative sanctions and other penalties. Moreover, the FCC
is considering changes to these and other rules related to retransmission consent, some of which could make negotiations more difficult, increase fees charged by broadcasters for carriage, or result
in the increased withholding of broadcast signals.
Satellite programming signals have been stolen and may be stolen in the future, which could result in lost revenues and would cause us to incur incremental operating costs
that do not result in subscriber acquisition.
The delivery of subscription programming requires the use of conditional access technology to limit access to programming to only those
who subscribe and are authorized to view it. The conditional access system uses, among other things, encryption technology to protect the transmitted signal from unauthorized access. It is illegal to
create, sell or otherwise distribute software or devices to circumvent that conditional access technology. However, theft of cable and satellite programming has been widely reported, and the access
cards used in our conditional access system
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DIRECTV
have
been compromised in the past and could be compromised in the future.
We
have undertaken various initiatives with respect to our conditional access system to further enhance the security of the DIRECTV signal. To help combat signal theft, we provide our
subscribers with more advanced access cards that we believe significantly enhance the security of our signal. Currently, we believe these access cards have not been compromised. However, we cannot
guarantee that those advanced access cards will prevent the theft of our satellite programming signals in the future. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will succeed in developing the
technology we need to effectively restrict or eliminate signal theft. If our current access cards are compromised, our revenue and our ability to contract for video and audio services provided by
programmers could be materially adversely affected. In addition, our operating costs could increase if we attempt to implement additional measures to combat signal theft.
The ability to maintain FCC licenses and other regulatory approvals is critical to our business.
If we do not obtain all requisite U.S. regulatory approvals for the construction, launch and operation of any of our existing or future
satellites for the use of frequencies at the orbital locations planned for these satellites or for the provision of service, or the licenses obtained impose operational restrictions on us, our ability
to generate revenue and profits could be materially adversely affected. In addition, under certain circumstances, existing licenses are subject to revocation or modification and upon expiration,
renewal may not be granted. If existing licenses are not renewed, or are revoked or materially modified, our ability to generate revenue could be materially adversely affected.
In
certain cases, satellite system operators are obligated by governmental regulation and procedures of the International Telecommunications Union to coordinate the operation of their
systems with other users of the radio spectrum in order to avoid causing interference to those other users. Coordination may require a satellite system operator to reduce power, avoid operating on
certain frequencies, relocate its satellite to another orbital location and/or otherwise modify planned or existing operations. For example, the FCC has conditionally granted Spectrum Five authority
to provide direct broadcast satellite service using frequencies assigned to it by the Government of the Netherlands from an orbital slot located halfway between slots at which we currently operate.
Other operators have filed similar requests. We believe this closer proximity, if ultimately implemented, would significantly increase the risk of interference which could adversely affect the quality
of service provided to our subscribers. We may not be able to successfully coordinate our satellites to the extent we are required to do so, and any modifications we make in the course of
coordination, or any inability to successfully coordinate, may materially adversely affect our ability to generate revenue. In addition, the FCC is currently conducting a rulemaking proceeding to
consider, among other things, the adoption of operating parameters under which such "tweener" systems would be automatically deemed coordinated.
Other
regulatory risks include, among others:
-
-
the relocation of satellites to different orbital locations if the FCC determines that relocation is in the public
interest;
-
-
the denial by the FCC of an application to replace an existing satellite with a new satellite, or to operate a satellite
beyond the term of its current authorization, or to operate an earth station to communicate with such satellite;
-
-
the loss of authorizations to operate satellites on certain frequencies at certain locations if we do not construct,
launch and operate satellites for those locations by certain dates; and
-
-
the authorization by the United States or foreign governments of the use of frequencies by third party satellite or
terrestrial facilities that have the potential to interfere with communication to or from our satellites, which could interfere with our contractual obligations or services to subscribers or other
business operations.
All
of our FCC satellite authorizations are subject to conditions imposed by the FCC in addition to the FCC's general authority to modify, cancel or revoke those authorizations. Use of
FCC licenses and other authorizations are often subject to conditions, including technical requirements and implementation deadlines. Failure to comply with such requirements, or comply in a timely
manner, could lead to the loss of authorizations and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to
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DIRECTV
generate
revenue. For example, loss of an authorization could potentially reduce the amount of programming and other services available to our subscribers. The materiality of such a loss of
authorization would vary based upon, among other things, the orbital location at which the frequencies may be used.
Moreover,
some of our authorizations and future applications may be subject to petitions and oppositions, and there can be no assurance that our authorizations will not be canceled,
revoked or modified or that our applications will not be denied. Moreover, the FCC has adopted new rules for licensing satellites that may limit our ability to file applications and secure licenses in
the future.
Congress
has continued to shape the scope of the FCC's regulatory authority and enact legislation that affects our business. In addition, FCC proceedings to implement legislation and
enact additional regulations are ongoing. The outcomes of these legislative or regulatory proceedings or their effect on our business cannot be predicted.
We have significant debt.
We have debt totaling $10,510 million as of December 31, 2010. If we do not have sufficient income or other sources of
cash, it could affect our ability to service debt and pay other obligations.
We may not be able to obtain or retain certain foreign regulatory approvals.
There can be no assurance that any current regulatory approvals held by us are, or will remain, sufficient in the view of foreign
regulatory authorities, or that any additional necessary approvals will be granted on a timely basis or at all, in all jurisdictions in which we operate, or that applicable restrictions in those
jurisdictions will not be unduly burdensome. The failure to obtain the authorizations necessary to operate satellites or provide satellite service internationally could have a material adverse effect
on our ability to generate revenue and our overall competitive position.
We may have a significant indemnity obligation to Liberty Media, which is not limited in amount or subject to any cap, if parts of the Liberty Transaction or Liberty's 2008
Transaction with News Corporation are treated as a taxable transaction.
Despite obtaining a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") and an opinion of legal counsel to the effect
that parts of the Liberty Transaction qualified as a tax-free distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the continuing validity of such ruling and opinion is subject to the
accuracy of factual representations and certain assumptions. Any inaccuracy in such representations could invalidate the ruling, and failure to comply with any undertakings made in connection with
such tax opinion could alter the conclusions reached in such opinion. Even if parts of the Liberty Transaction otherwise qualify for tax-free treatment, it would result in a significant
U.S. federal income tax liability to Liberty Media if one or more persons acquire a 50% or greater interest in the DIRECTV common stock as part of a plan or series of related transactions that
includes the Liberty Transaction. The process for determining whether an acquisition is part of a plan under these rules is complex, inherently factual and subject to interpretation of the facts and
circumstances of a particular case. Liberty Media or DIRECTV might inadvertently cause or permit a prohibited change in the ownership of DIRECTV to occur, thereby triggering a tax liability to Liberty
Media.
In
addition, Liberty Media entered into a tax matters agreement with News Corporation in connection with its 2008 transaction with News Corporation, pursuant to which Liberty Media
agreed, among other things, to indemnify News Corporation and certain related persons for taxes resulting from actions taken by Liberty Media or its affiliates that cause such transaction (or related
restructuring transactions) not to qualify as tax-free transactions. Liberty Media's indemnification obligations to News Corporation and certain related persons are not limited in amount
or subject to any cap.
Under
a Tax Sharing Agreement between Liberty Media and DIRECTV, in certain circumstances DIRECTV is obligated to indemnify Liberty Media and certain related persons for any losses and
taxes resulting from the failure of the Liberty Transaction to be tax-free transactions and from any losses resulting from Liberty Media's indemnity obligations to
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DIRECTV
News
Corporation under the tax matters agreement between News Corporation and Liberty Media. If DIRECTV is required to indemnify
Liberty Media or certain related persons under the circumstances set forth in the Tax Sharing Agreement, we may be subject to substantial liabilities not limited in amount or subject to any cap. In
such a circumstance, we may be required to make payments or dividends to satisfy such liabilities that could either breach covenants in our credit facilities and bond indentures or require additional
or accelerated payments, which could materially adversely affect our financial position and short term operating results.
We may be required to forgo certain transactions in order to avoid the risk of incurring significant tax-related liabilities.
We might be required to forgo certain transactions that might have otherwise been advantageous in order to preserve the
tax-free treatment of the Liberty Transaction. In particular, we might be required to forgo certain transactions, including asset dispositions or other strategic transactions for some
period of time following the Liberty Transaction so as not to trigger any liability under the tax indemnification obligations.
We rely on network and information systems and other technology, and a disruption or failure of such networks, systems or technology as a result of, misappropriation of data
or other malfeasance, as well as outages, natural disasters, accidental releases of information or similar events, may disrupt our business.
Because network and information systems and other technologies are critical to our operating activities, network or information system
shutdowns caused by events such as computer hacking, dissemination of computer viruses, worms and other destructive or disruptive software, and other malicious activity, as well as power outages,
natural disasters such as earthquakes, terrorist attacks and similar events, pose increasing risks. Such an event could have an adverse impact on us and our customers, including degradation of
service, service disruption, excessive call volume to call centers and damage to our broadcast centers, other properties, equipment and data. Such an event also could result in large expenditures
necessary to repair or replace such networks or information systems or to protect them from similar events in the future. Significant incidents could result in a disruption of our operations, customer
dissatisfaction, or a loss of customers or revenues.
Furthermore,
our operating activities could be subject to risks caused by misappropriation, misuse, leakage, falsification and accidental release or loss of information maintained in our
information technology systems and networks, including customer, personnel and vendor data. We could be exposed to significant costs if such risks were to materialize, and such events could damage our
reputation and credibility and have a negative impact on our revenues. We also could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to remedy any such security breach. As a result of
the increasing awareness concerning the importance of safeguarding personal information, the potential misuse of such information and legislation that has been adopted or is being considered regarding
the protection, privacy and security of personal information, information-related risks are increasing, particularly for businesses like ours that handle a large amount of personal customer data.
We face risks arising from the outcome of various legal proceedings.
We are involved in various legal proceedings, including those arising in the ordinary course of business, such as consumer class
actions and those described under the caption "Legal Proceedings" in Part I, Item 3 incorporated by reference herein. Such matters include investigations and legal actions by the Federal
Trade Commission where regulators may seek monetary damages and may also seek to require or prohibit certain actions by us with regard to our current or potential customers. While we do not believe
that any of these proceedings alone or in the aggregate will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters or the imposition of
conditions by regulators on the conduct of our business could be material to our consolidated results of operations and cash flows for any one period. Further, no assurance can be given that any
adverse outcome would not be material to our consolidated financial position.
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DIRECTV
We may face other risks described from time to time in periodic reports filed by us with the SEC.
We urge you to consider the above risk factors carefully in evaluating forward- looking statements contained in this Annual Report. The
forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report are made only as of the date of this Annual Report and we undertake no obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements to
reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately 250 owned and leased locations operating in the United States and Latin America.
The major locations of the DIRECTV U.S. segment include eight administrative offices; two broadcast centers and six call centers. The major locations of the DIRECTV Latin America segment include 10
administrative offices, four broadcast centers and eight call centers. We consider our properties adequate for our present needs.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
(a) Material
pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, to which we became or were a party during the year ended
December 31, 2010 or subsequent thereto, but before the filing of the report, are summarized below:
Intellectual Property Litigation.
We are a defendant in several unrelated lawsuits claiming infringement of various patents
relating to various
aspects of our businesses. In certain of these cases other industry participants are also defendants, and also in certain of these cases we expect that any potential liability would be the
responsibility of our equipment vendors pursuant to applicable contractual indemnification provisions. To the extent that the allegations in these lawsuits can be analyzed by us at this stage of their
proceedings, we believe the claims are without merit and intend to defend the actions vigorously. The final disposition of these claims is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our
consolidated financial position, but could possibly be material to our consolidated results of operations of any one period. No assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to
our consolidated financial position.
Liberty Media Corporation Litigation.
As previously reported, a purported class action complaint was filed on February 9,
2010 and amended on
April 23, 2010 in Delaware Chancery Court against certain past and present directors of Liberty Media Corporation alleging, among other things, that the defendants breached their fiduciary
duties as Liberty board members in connection with the business terms and approval process by Liberty stockholders of the merger of Liberty Entertainment, Inc. with a subsidiary of DIRECTV as
part of the Liberty Transaction. The plaintiff purports to represent approximately 85 former Liberty Media Corporation stockholders (other than the defendants) that allegedly held approximately
1.8 million Liberty Media Corporation shares prior to the consummation of the Liberty Transaction. The complaint alleges, among other things, that John Malone and certain other Liberty Media
Corporation stockholders received disparate allocation of consideration in the Liberty Transaction. The complaint seeks equitable reallocation and disgorgement of the improper consideration received
by the defendants and other relief. The defendants have requested indemnification and have tendered defense of this litigation to DIRECTV pursuant to agreements executed as part of the Liberty
Transaction and DIRECTV has elected to take control of the defense.
Early Cancellation Fees.
In 2008, a number of plaintiffs filed putative class action lawsuits in state and federal courts
challenging the early
cancellation fees we assess our customers when they do not fulfill their programming commitments. Several of these lawsuits are pendingsome in California state court purporting to
represent statewide classes, and some in federal courts purporting to represent nationwide classes. The lawsuits seek both monetary and injunctive relief. While the theories of liability vary, the
lawsuits generally challenge these fees under state consumer protection laws as both unfair and inadequately disclosed to customers. Each of the lawsuits is at an early stage. Where possible, we are
moving to compel these cases to arbitration in accordance with our Customer Agreement, but in states such as California where the enforceability of the arbitration provision is limited, we intend to
defend against these allegations in court. We believe that our
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DIRECTV
early
cancellation fees are adequately disclosed, and represent reasonable estimates of the costs we incur when customers cancel service before fulfilling their programming commitments.
From
time to time, we receive investigative inquiries or subpoenas from state and federal authorities with respect to alleged violations of state and federal statutes. These inquiries
may lead to legal proceedings in some cases. DIRECTV U.S. has received a request for information from the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, on issues similar to those resolved with the multistate
group of state attorneys general discussed in (b) below. We are cooperating with the FTC by providing information about our sales and marketing practices and customer complaints.
Other.
We are subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business. The amount of
ultimate liability with
respect to such actions is not expected to materially affect our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
(b) The
following previously reported legal proceedings were terminated during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2010:
In
December 2010, DIRECTV U.S. entered into a settlement agreement with a multistate group of state attorneys general to resolve concerns regarding alleged violations of their respective
state consumer protection statutes. The state of Washington, originally a part of the multistate group, filed an action in Washington state court in December 2009, and that litigation was settled on
the same substantive terms as reached with the multistate group. DIRECTV U.S. did not admit any wrongdoing in entering into the settlement. We agreed to formalize many business improvements made in
the last few years and to further improve other practices. DIRECTV U.S. paid a total of $14.25 million to the states as costs of investigation and attorneys fees, and has agreed to implement a
restitution program for consumers who send eligible complaints.
ITEM 4. (Removed and Reserved)
***
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Common Stock Price
Our Class A common stock is publicly traded on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "DTV." The following table sets
forth for the quarters indicated the high and low sales prices for our Class A common stock, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Amounts reported from January 1, 2009 through
November 18, 2009, are based on the stock of our predecessor, The DIRECTV Group, Inc. On November 19, 2009, we completed our merger with Liberty Entertainment Inc., and
from that date, the stock traded on the NASDAQ is the Class A common stock of DIRECTV.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
$
|
44.61
|
|
$
|
39.12
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
42.61
|
|
|
33.25
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
39.87
|
|
|
33.87
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
35.18
|
|
|
29.83
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
$
|
34.25
|
|
$
|
25.16
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
27.99
|
|
|
22.81
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
26.00
|
|
|
21.47
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
24.28
|
|
|
18.81
|
|
As of the close of business on February 18, 2011, there were 55,257 holders of record of our Class A common stock. Our
Class B common stock is not registered and there were no shares outstanding as of December 31, 2010.
Dividend Rights and Other Stockholder Matters
Holders of our common stock are entitled to such dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property as may be declared by our
Board of Directors in its sole discretion, subject to the preferential and other dividend rights of any outstanding series of our preferred stock. There were no shares of our preferred stock
outstanding at December 31, 2010.
No
dividends on our common stock have been declared by our Board of Directors for more than five years. We have no current plans to pay any dividends on our common stock. We currently
expect to use our future earnings, if any, for the development of our businesses or other corporate purposes, which may include share repurchases.
Information
regarding compensation plans under which our equity securities may be issued is included in Item 12 through incorporation by reference to our Proxy Statement for the
Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on April 28, 2011.
Share Repurchase Programs
During 2010, our Board of Directors approved up to $5.2 billion to repurchase shares of our DIRECTV Class A common stock,
which has been completed. During the first quarter of 2011, our Board of Directors authorized repurchases of up to $6 billion of DIRECTV Class A common stock. The authorizations allow us
to repurchase our Class A common stock from time to time through open market purchases and negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing, nature and amount of such transactions will depend
on a variety of factors, including market
conditions and the program may be suspended, discontinued or accelerated at any time. The sources of funds for the purchases are our existing cash on hand, cash from operations and potential
additional borrowings. Purchases are made on the open market, through block trades and other negotiated transactions. Repurchased shares are retired but remain authorized for registration and issuance
in the future.
All
purchases were made in accordance with Rule 10b-18 of Securities Exchange Act of 1934. A summary of the repurchase activity for the three months ended
December 31, 2010 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period
|
|
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
|
|
Average Price
Paid Per Share
|
|
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
|
|
Maximum Dollar
Value that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs
|
|
|
|
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
|
|
October 1 - 31, 2010
|
|
|
11
|
|
$
|
42.46
|
|
|
11
|
|
$
|
1,383
|
|
November 1 - 30, 2010
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
42.34
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
878
|
|
December 1 - 31, 2010
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
40.03
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
41.51
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For additional information regarding our share repurchases see Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in
Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
***
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended and As of December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
24,102
|
|
$
|
21,565
|
|
$
|
19,693
|
|
$
|
17,246
|
|
$
|
14,755
|
|
Total operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
20,206
|
|
|
18,892
|
|
|
16,998
|
|
|
14,760
|
|
|
12,398
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit
|
|
$
|
3,896
|
|
$
|
2,673
|
|
$
|
2,695
|
|
$
|
2,486
|
|
$
|
2,357
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations attributable to DIRECTV
|
|
$
|
2,198
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
$
|
1,515
|
|
$
|
1,434
|
|
$
|
1,420
|
|
Basic earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share
(DIRECTV Group common
stockholders for the period January 1, 2009 through November 19, 2009 and the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.31
|
|
$
|
0.96
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
$
|
1.20
|
|
$
|
1.13
|
|
Diluted earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share
(DIRECTV Group common
stockholders for the period January 1, 2009 through November 19, 2009 and the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.30
|
|
$
|
0.95
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
$
|
1.20
|
|
$
|
1.12
|
|
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) attributable to DIRECTV Class B common stockholders per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of taxes
|
|
$
|
8.44
|
|
$
|
(0.02
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding (in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
870
|
|
|
982
|
|
|
1,110
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
|
1,262
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
876
|
|
|
989
|
|
|
1,114
|
|
|
1,202
|
|
|
1,270
|
|
Weighted average number of Class B common shares outstanding, for the period of November 19, 2009 through June 16, 2010 (in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of total common shares outstanding (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
880
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
1,110
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
|
1,262
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
886
|
|
|
992
|
|
|
1,114
|
|
|
1,202
|
|
|
1,270
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
17,909
|
|
$
|
18,260
|
|
$
|
16,539
|
|
$
|
15,063
|
|
$
|
15,141
|
|
Obligations under capital leases
|
|
|
580
|
|
|
586
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
91
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
10,472
|
|
|
6,500
|
|
|
5,725
|
|
|
3,347
|
|
|
3,395
|
|
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(194
|
)
|
|
2,911
|
|
|
4,631
|
|
|
6,013
|
|
|
6,473
|
|
See the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional
information regarding significant transactions during each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010.
***
32
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSE OF THE
"SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES
LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain certain statements that we believe are, or may be considered to be,
"forward-looking statements" within the meaning of various provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements generally can be
identified by use of statements that include phrases such as we "believe," "expect," "estimate," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "foresee," "project" or other similar references to future periods.
Examples of forward- looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make related to our business strategy and regarding our outlook for 2011 financial results, liquidity and capital
resources.
Forward-looking
statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements
relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by
the forward-looking statements. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of
future performance. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include economic, business, competitive, national or global
political, market and regulatory conditions and other risks, each of which is described in more detail in Item 1ARisk Factors of this Annual Report.
Any
forward looking statement made by us in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Factors or events that could cause our
actual results to differ may occur and it is not possible for us to predict them all. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new
information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by law.
CONTENTS
The following is a discussion of our results of operations and financial condition. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial
statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Information in this section is organized as follows:
-
-
Summary Results of Operations and Financial Condition
-
-
Significant Transactions Affecting the Comparability of the Results of Operations
-
-
Key Terminology
-
-
Executive Overview and Outlook
-
-
Results of Operations
-
-
Liquidity and Capital Resources
-
-
Contractual Obligations
-
-
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
-
-
Contingencies
-
-
Certain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions
-
-
Critical Accounting Estimates
-
-
Accounting Changes and New Accounting Pronouncements
33
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
SUMMARY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
24,102
|
|
$
|
21,565
|
|
$
|
19,693
|
|
Total operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
20,206
|
|
|
18,892
|
|
|
16,998
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit
|
|
|
3,896
|
|
|
2,673
|
|
|
2,695
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
81
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(557
|
)
|
|
(423
|
)
|
|
(360
|
)
|
Liberty transaction and related gains (charges)
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
(491
|
)
|
|
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
|
|
3,514
|
|
|
1,834
|
|
|
2,471
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
(1,202
|
)
|
|
(827
|
)
|
|
(864
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
2,312
|
|
|
1,007
|
|
|
1,607
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
2,312
|
|
|
1,007
|
|
|
1,613
|
|
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
(114
|
)
|
|
(65
|
)
|
|
(92
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income attributable to DIRECTV
|
|
$
|
2,198
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
$
|
1,521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income attributable to common stockholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations, net of taxes, attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders (DIRECTV Group common stockholders for the year
ended December 31, 2008 and the period January 1, 2009 through November 19, 2009)
|
|
$
|
2,014
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
$
|
1,515
|
|
Income from continuing operations, net of taxes, attributable to DIRECTV Class B common stockholders, for the period of November 19, 2009 through
June 16, 2010, including $160 million exchange inducement value for the Malone Transaction in 2010
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
2,198
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
$
|
1,521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.31
|
|
$
|
0.96
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
2.31
|
|
$
|
0.96
|
|
$
|
1.37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.30
|
|
$
|
0.95
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
2.30
|
|
$
|
0.95
|
|
$
|
1.37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class B common stockholders per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations, net of taxes
|
|
$
|
8.44
|
|
$
|
(0.02
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
8.44
|
|
$
|
(0.02
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
SUMMARY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION(continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
1,502
|
|
$
|
2,605
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
4,253
|
|
|
5,055
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
17,909
|
|
|
18,260
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
4,450
|
|
|
5,701
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
10,472
|
|
|
6,500
|
|
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
224
|
|
|
400
|
|
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(194
|
)
|
|
2,911
|
|
Reference should be made to the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Other Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization (1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit
|
|
$
|
3,896
|
|
$
|
2,673
|
|
$
|
2,695
|
|
Add: Depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
2,482
|
|
|
2,640
|
|
|
2,320
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
6,378
|
|
$
|
5,313
|
|
$
|
5,015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization margin
|
|
|
26.5
|
%
|
|
24.6
|
%
|
|
25.5
|
%
|
Cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
5,206
|
|
$
|
4,431
|
|
$
|
3,910
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(3,099
|
)
|
|
(2,194
|
)
|
|
(2,388
|
)
|
Net cash used in financing activities
|
|
|
(3,210
|
)
|
|
(1,637
|
)
|
|
(600
|
)
|
Free cash flow (2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
5,206
|
|
$
|
4,431
|
|
$
|
3,910
|
|
Less: Cash paid for property and equipment
|
|
|
(2,303
|
)
|
|
(2,012
|
)
|
|
(2,101
|
)
|
Less: Cash paid for satellites
|
|
|
(113
|
)
|
|
(59
|
)
|
|
(128
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Free cash flow
|
|
$
|
2,790
|
|
$
|
2,360
|
|
$
|
1,681
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Operating
profit before depreciation and amortization, which is a financial measure that is not determined in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, can be calculated by adding amounts under the caption "Depreciation and amortization expense" to "Operating profit." This measure should be
used in conjunction with GAAP financial measures and is not presented as an alternative measure of operating results, as determined in accordance with GAAP. Our management and our Board of Directors
use operating profit before depreciation and amortization to evaluate the operating performance of our company and our business segments and to allocate resources and capital to business segments.
This metric is also used as a measure of performance for incentive
35
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
SUMMARY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION(continued)
compensation purposes and to measure income generated from operations that could be used to fund capital expenditures, service debt or pay taxes. Depreciation
and amortization expense primarily represents an allocation to current expense of the cost of historical capital expenditures and for acquired intangible assets resulting from prior business
acquisitions. To compensate for the exclusion of depreciation and amortization expense from operating profit, our management and our Board of Directors separately measure and budget for capital
expenditures and business acquisitions.
We believe this measure is useful to investors, along with GAAP measures (such as revenues, operating profit and net income), to compare our operating
performance to other communications, entertainment and media service providers. We believe that investors use current and projected operating profit before depreciation and amortization and similar
measures to estimate our current or prospective enterprise value and make investment decisions. This metric provides investors with a means to compare operating results exclusive of depreciation and
amortization expense. Our management believes this is useful given the significant variation in depreciation and amortization expense that can result from the timing of capital expenditures, the
capitalization of intangible assets, potential variations in expected useful lives when compared to other companies and periodic changes to estimated useful lives.
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization margin is calculated by dividing operating profit before depreciation and amortization by Revenues.
-
(2)
-
Free
cash flow, which is a financial measure that is not determined in accordance with GAAP, can be calculated by deducting amounts under the captions "Cash
paid for property and equipment" and "Cash paid for satellites" from "Net cash provided by operating activities" from the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. This financial measure should be used
in conjunction with other GAAP financial measures and is not presented as an alternative measure of cash flows from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP. Our management and our
Board of Directors use free cash flow to evaluate the cash generated by our current subscriber base, net of capital expenditures, for the purpose of allocating resources to activities such as adding
new subscribers, retaining and upgrading existing subscribers, for additional capital expenditures and other capital investments or transactions and as a measure of performance for incentive
compensation purposes. We believe this measure is useful to investors, along with other GAAP measures (such as cash flows from operating and investing activities), to compare our operating performance
to other communications, entertainment and media companies. We believe that investors also use current and projected free cash flow to determine the ability of revenues from our current and projected
subscriber base to fund required and discretionary spending and to help determine our financial value.
36
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
SUMMARY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION(concluded)
Selected Segment Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
DIRECTV U.S.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
20,268
|
|
$
|
18,671
|
|
$
|
17,310
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of total revenues
|
|
|
84.1
|
%
|
|
86.6
|
%
|
|
87.9
|
%
|
Operating profit
|
|
$
|
3,290
|
|
$
|
2,410
|
|
$
|
2,330
|
|
Add: Depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
1,926
|
|
|
2,275
|
|
|
2,061
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
5,216
|
|
$
|
4,685
|
|
$
|
4,391
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit margin
|
|
|
16.2
|
%
|
|
12.9
|
%
|
|
13.5
|
%
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization margin
|
|
|
25.7
|
%
|
|
25.1
|
%
|
|
25.4
|
%
|
Segment assets
|
|
$
|
11,400
|
|
$
|
12,408
|
|
$
|
12,546
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
|
1,557
|
|
|
1,485
|
|
|
1,765
|
|
DIRECTV Latin America
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
3,597
|
|
$
|
2,878
|
|
$
|
2,383
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of total revenues
|
|
|
14.9
|
%
|
|
13.3
|
%
|
|
12.1
|
%
|
Operating profit
|
|
$
|
623
|
|
$
|
331
|
|
$
|
426
|
|
Add: Depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
541
|
|
|
366
|
|
|
264
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
1,164
|
|
$
|
697
|
|
$
|
690
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit margin
|
|
|
17.3
|
%
|
|
11.5
|
%
|
|
17.9
|
%
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization margin
|
|
|
32.4
|
%
|
|
24.2
|
%
|
|
29.0
|
%
|
Segment assets
|
|
$
|
4,696
|
|
$
|
3,772
|
|
$
|
3,301
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
|
857
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
447
|
|
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
237
|
|
$
|
16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of total revenues
|
|
|
1.0
|
%
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
$
|
(17
|
)
|
$
|
(68
|
)
|
$
|
(61
|
)
|
Add: Depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
$
|
(69
|
)
|
$
|
(66
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment assets
|
|
$
|
1,813
|
|
$
|
2,080
|
|
$
|
692
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
17
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
24,102
|
|
$
|
21,565
|
|
$
|
19,693
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit
|
|
$
|
3,896
|
|
$
|
2,673
|
|
$
|
2,695
|
|
Add: Depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
2,482
|
|
|
2,640
|
|
|
2,320
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
6,378
|
|
$
|
5,313
|
|
$
|
5,015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit margin
|
|
|
16.2
|
%
|
|
12.4
|
%
|
|
13.7
|
%
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization margin
|
|
|
26.5
|
%
|
|
24.6
|
%
|
|
25.5
|
%
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
17,909
|
|
$
|
18,260
|
|
$
|
16,539
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
|
2,416
|
|
|
2,071
|
|
|
2,229
|
|
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DIRECTV
SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS AFFECTING THE COMPARABILITY OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Malone Transaction
In order to resolve a condition imposed by the FCC on Liberty Media's acquisition of an ownership interest in us from News Corporation
in 2008, which we refer to as the "Puerto Rico Condition", on April 6, 2010, we entered into an agreement with Dr. John C. Malone which severed all attributable interests in satisfaction
of the requirements of the FCC order. Under the terms of the agreement, the Malones exchanged 21.8 million shares of high-vote DIRECTV Class B common stock, which were all of
the outstanding DIRECTV Class B shares, for 26.5 million shares of DIRECTV Class A common stock, resulting in the reduction of the Malone's voting interest in DIRECTV from
approximately 24.3% to approximately 3%.
We
accounted for the exchange of DIRECTV Class B common stock into DIRECTV Class A common stock pursuant to accounting standards for induced conversions, whereby the
$160 million in incremental DIRECTV Class A common stock issued to the former DIRECTV Class B stockholders has been deducted from earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A
stockholders for purposes of calculating earnings per share in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. This adjustment had the effect of reducing diluted earnings per DIRECTV Class A common
share by $0.18 for the year ended December 31, 2010. See Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Part II of this Annual Report for
additional information.
Acquisitions
Globo Transaction.
In connection with our acquisition of Sky Brazil in 2006, Globo was granted the right, until January 2014, to require
us to
purchase all or a portion (but not less than half) of its 25.9% interest in Sky Brazil. In June 2010, Globo notified us that it was exercising its right to exchange 178,830,000 shares representing
approximately 19% of the ownership interests in Sky Brazil. The fair value of the approximate 19% interest was determined to be $605 million by an independent investment bank according to a
process specified by Globo and us in the related agreement. During the fourth quarter of 2010, we paid cash for the approximate 19% ownership interest, which was recorded as a reduction to "Redeemable
noncontrolling interest" in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. We and our subsidiaries now own approximately 93% of Sky Brazil and Globo retains the right to sell its remaining 7% interest to us until
January 2014 as discussed in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Part II of this Annual Report.
Liberty Transaction.
On November 19, 2009, The DIRECTV Group, Inc., or DIRECTV Group, and Liberty Media Corporation, which we
refer to
as Liberty or Liberty Media, obtained shareholder approval of and closed a series of related transactions which we refer to collectively as the Liberty Transaction. The Liberty Transaction included
the split-off of certain of the assets of the Liberty Entertainment group into Liberty Entertainment, Inc., or LEI, which was then split-off from Liberty. Following the
split-off, DIRECTV Group and LEI merged with subsidiaries of DIRECTV. As a result of Liberty Transaction, DIRECTV Group, which is comprised of the DIRECTV U.S. and DIRECTV Latin America
businesses, and LEI, which held Liberty's 57% interest in DIRECTV Group, a 100% interest in three regional sports networks, a 65% interest in Game Show Network, LLC, approximately
$120 million in cash and cash equivalents and approximately $2.1 billion of indebtedness and a series of related equity collars became wholly-owned subsidiaries of DIRECTV. The assets,
liabilities and results of operations of LEI have been consolidated beginning on the acquisition date, November 19, 2009.
As
part of the Liberty Transaction, we assumed a credit facility with a principal balance of $1,878 million, which we refer to as the Collar Loan, and a series of related equity
collars which were in a liability position with an estimated acquisition date fair value of $369 million. During 2009, we repaid a total of $751 million, including $676 million in
principal payments and $75 million in payments to settle a portion of the equity collars. During 2010, we repaid $1,537 million, including $1,202 million of remaining principal
payments and $335 million to settle the equity collars.
Cash
paid, net of cash acquired in connection with the transaction was $97 million and includes a $226 million repayment of LEI's existing loan from Liberty at the close of
the transaction and $43 million of cash paid for transaction costs, partially offset by $120 million in cash at LEI, and $56 million of cash at the regional sports networks.
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DIRECTV
As
a result of the Liberty Transaction, we recorded $491 million in charges to "Liberty transaction and related gains (charges)" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for
the year ended December 31, 2009, which is comprised of: a $337 million charge related to a premium paid to LEI shareholders to complete the merger in the form of an equity interest that
exceeded the fair value of net assets acquired by DIRECTV; $43 million of costs incurred to complete the transaction, including legal, accounting, financial printing, investment banking and
other costs; and $111 million in net losses recorded for the partial settlement of the equity collars and stock options and stock appreciation rights held by Liberty employees subsequent to the
acquisition date, and adjustments of the equity collars and stock options and stock appreciation rights carried as liabilities to fair value as of December 31, 2009. We recorded a
$67 million net gain in "Liberty transaction and related gains (charges)" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the final settlement of the equity collars during 2010.
See
Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which we incorporate herein by reference.
180 Connect.
In July 2008, we acquired 100% of 180 Connect's outstanding common stock and exchangeable shares. Simultaneously, in a
separate
transaction, UniTek USA, LLC acquired 100% of 180 Connect's cable service operating unit and operations in certain of our installation services markets in exchange for satellite installation
operations in certain markets and $7 million in cash. These transactions provide us with ownership and control over a significant portion of DIRECTV U.S.' home service provider network. We paid
$91 million in cash, net of the $7 million we received from UniTek USA, for the acquisition, including the equity purchase price, repayment of assumed debt and related transaction costs.
Financing Transactions
In 2010, DIRECTV U.S. issued $6.0 billion of senior notes resulting in $5,978 million of proceeds, net of discount, and
repaid the $2,205 million of remaining principal on the Term Loans of its senior secured credit facility. The repayment of the Term Loans resulted in a 2010 pre-tax charge recorded
in "Other, net" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations of $16 million, $10 million after tax, resulting from the write-off of deferred debt issuance and other
transaction costs.
In
2009, DIRECTV U.S. issued $2.0 billion of senior notes resulting in $1,990 million of proceeds, net of discount. Also in 2009, DIRECTV U.S. purchased and redeemed its
then outstanding $910 million 8.375% senior
notes, resulting in a 2009 pre-tax charge of $34 million, $21 million after tax, of which $29 million resulted from a premium paid for the redemption and
$5 million resulted from the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs and other transaction costs. The charge was recorded in "Other, net" in our Consolidated Statements of
Operations.
In
2008, DIRECTV U.S. issued $1.5 billion in senior notes, and borrowed $1 billion under a new Term Loan of its senior secured credit facility, resulting in proceeds, net
of discount, of $2,490 million.
Venezuela Exchange Controls
In January 2010, the Venezuelan government announced the creation of a dual exchange rate system, including an exchange rate of 4.3
bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar for most of the activities of our Venezuelan operations compared to an exchange rate of 2.15 Venezuelan bolivars fuerte prior to the announcement. As a result of this
devaluation, we recorded a $6 million charge to net income in the year ended December 31, 2010 related to the adjustment of net bolivars fuerte denominated monetary assets to the new
official exchange rate. We began reporting the operating results of our Venezuelan subsidiary in the first quarter of 2010 using the devalued rate of 4.3 bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar. In December
2010, the Venezuelan government announced the elimination of the dual exchange rate system, eliminating the 2.6 bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar preferential rate which was available for certain
activities.
Companies
operating in Venezuela are required to obtain Venezuelan government approval to exchange bolivars fuerte into U.S. dollars at the official rate. We have not been able to
consistently exchange Venezuelan bolivars fuerte into U.S. dollars at the official rate and as a result, we have relied on a parallel exchange process to settle U.S. dollar obligations and to
repatriate accumulated cash balances prior to its close. The rates implied by transactions in the parallel market, which was closed in May, 2010, were significantly higher than the official rate (6 to
7 bolivars fuerte per U.S.
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DIRECTV
dollar).
As a result, we recorded a $22 million charge in 2010, a $213 million charge in 2009 and a $29 million charge in 2008 in "General and administrative expenses" in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations in connection with the exchange of accumulated Venezuelan cash balances to U.S. dollars using the parallel exchange process.
As
a result of the closing of the parallel exchange process in May 2010, we have been unable to repatriate excess cash balances and we therefore realized lower charges for the
repatriation of cash in 2010 and our Venezuelan subsidiary had Venezuelan bolivar fuerte denominated cash of $169 million at December 31, 2010, as compared to $33 million at
December 31, 2009, based on the official exchange rate.
See
"Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for additional information.
Sky Brazil Functional Currency
Based on cumulatively significant changes in economic facts and circumstances, we determined that the local Brazilian
currency should be the functional currency of Sky Brazil for purposes of financial statement translation beginning in the second quarter of 2009. As a result of this change in functional currency,
changes in exchange rates result in gain or losses, which we record in "Other, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the revaluation of U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets
and liabilities, such as cash deposits, notes payable and capital lease obligations held by Sky Brazil.
Other Than Temporary Impairment
In 2009, we recognized a $45 million charge for the other than temporary impairment of certain of our investments in "Other,
net" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Share Repurchase Program
Since 2006 our Board of Directors approved multiple authorizations for the repurchase of our common stock. The following table sets
forth information regarding shares repurchased and retired for the years ended December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
|
|
Total cost of repurchased and retired shares
|
|
$
|
5,179
|
|
$
|
1,696
|
|
$
|
3,174
|
|
Average price per share
|
|
|
38.20
|
|
|
23.79
|
|
|
24.12
|
|
Number of shares repurchased and retired
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
131
|
|
KEY TERMINOLOGY
Revenues.
We earn revenues mostly from monthly fees we charge subscribers for subscriptions to basic and premium channel programming,
HD programming
and access fees, pay-per-view programming, and seasonal and live sporting events. We also earn revenues from monthly fees that we charge subscribers with multiple
non-leased set-top receivers (which we refer to as mirroring fees), monthly fees we charge subscribers for leased set-top receivers, monthly fees we charge
subscribers for digital video recorder, or DVR, service, hardware revenues from subscribers who lease or purchase set-top receivers from us, our published programming guide, warranty
service fees and advertising services. Revenues are reported net of customer credits and discounted promotions.
Broadcast Programming and Other.
These costs primarily include license fees for subscription service programming,
pay-per-view programming, live sports and other events. Other costs include expenses associated with the publication and distribution of our programming guide, continuing
service fees paid to third parties for active subscribers, warranty service costs and production costs for on-air advertisements we sell to third parties.
Subscriber Service Expenses.
Subscriber service expenses include the costs of customer call centers, billing, remittance processing and
certain home
services expenses, such as in-home repair costs.
Broadcast Operations Expenses.
These expenses include broadcast center operating costs, signal transmission expenses (including costs of
collecting
signals for our local channel offerings), and costs of monitoring,
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DIRECTV
maintaining
and insuring our satellites. Also included are engineering expenses associated with deterring theft of our signal.
Subscriber Acquisition Costs.
These costs include the cost of set-top receivers and other equipment, commissions we pay to national
retailers, independent satellite television retailers, dealers and telcos, and the cost of installation, advertising, marketing and customer call center expenses associated with the acquisition of new
subscribers. Set-top receivers leased to new subscribers are capitalized in "Property and equipment, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and depreciated over their useful lives. The
amount of set-top receivers capitalized each period for subscriber acquisitions is included in "Cash paid for property and equipment" in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Upgrade and Retention Costs.
Upgrade and retention costs are associated with upgrade efforts for existing subscribers that we believe
will result in
higher average monthly revenue per subscriber, or ARPU, and lower churn. Our upgrade efforts include subscriber equipment upgrade programs for DVR, HD and HD DVR receivers and local channels, our
multiple set-top receiver offer and similar initiatives. Retention costs also include the costs of installing and providing hardware under our movers program for subscribers relocating to
a new residence. Set-top receivers leased to existing subscribers under upgrade and retention programs are capitalized in "Property and equipment, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
and depreciated over their useful lives. The amount of set-top receivers capitalized each period for upgrade and retention programs is included in "Cash paid for property and equipment" in
the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
General and Administrative Expenses.
General and administrative expenses include departmental costs for legal, administrative services,
finance,
marketing and information technology. These costs also include expenses for bad debt and other operating expenses, such as legal settlements, and gains or losses from the sale or disposal of fixed
assets.
Average Monthly Revenue Per Subscriber.
We calculate ARPU by dividing average monthly revenues for the period (total revenues during the
period
divided by the number of months in the period) by average subscribers for the period. We calculate average subscribers for the period by adding the number of subscribers as of the beginning of the
period and for each quarter end in the current year or period and dividing by the sum of the number of quarters in the period plus one.
Average Monthly Subscriber Churn.
Average monthly subscriber churn represents the number of subscribers whose service is disconnected,
expressed as a percentage of the average total number of subscribers. We calculate average monthly subscriber churn by dividing the average monthly number of disconnected subscribers for the period
(total subscribers disconnected, net of reconnects, during the period divided by the number of months in the period) by average subscribers for the period.
Subscriber Count.
The total number of subscribers represents the total number of subscribers actively subscribing to our service,
including seasonal
subscribers, subscribers who are in the process of relocating and commercial equivalent viewing units. In March 2008, we implemented a change in DIRECTV U.S.' commercial pricing and packaging to
increase our competitiveness. As a result, during the first quarter of 2008, DIRECTV U.S. made a one-time downward adjustment to the subscriber count of approximately 71,000 subscribers
related to commercial equivalent viewing units.
SAC.
We calculate SAC, which represents total subscriber acquisition costs stated on a per subscriber basis, by dividing total
subscriber acquisition
costs for the period by the number of gross new subscribers acquired during the period. We calculate total subscriber acquisition costs for the period by adding together "Subscriber acquisition costs"
expensed during the period and the amount of cash paid for equipment leased to new subscribers during the period.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK
The United States and the other countries in which we operate are continuing to undergo a period of economic uncertainty. As discussed in "Competition" in
Item 1, in addition to cable and satellite system operators, we are experiencing increasing competition from telcos and other emerging digital media distribution providers. Please refer to
"Risk Factors" in Item 1A for a further discussion of risks which may affect forecasted results or our business generally.
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DIRECTV
DIRECTV U.S.
Our revenue growth is generated by both increases in the average monthly rates we earn from subscribers, or ARPU, and
increases in the
total number of subscribers. In 2011, we expect revenue growth in the mid to high single digit percentage range.
In
2011, we expect that the anticipated growth in revenues will be partially offset by higher programming costs, including the costs associated with our contract with the NFL, resulting
in operating profit before depreciation and amortization growth in the low to mid single digit percentage range.
In
2011, we expect capital expenditures to be slightly higher than in 2010.
DIRECTV Latin America.
In 2011, we expect revenue and operating profit before depreciation and amortization growth of approximately
20%.
In
2011, we expect capital expenditures in Latin America to exceed 2010 capital expenditures due to higher gross subscriber additions, increased sales of advanced products and other
infrastructure projects.
DIRECTV.
At the consolidated DIRECTV level, we anticipate 2011 free cash flow, or cash provided by operating activities less capital
expenditures, to
be lower than in 2010. The anticipated improvement in operating profit before depreciation and amortization is expected to be offset by an increase in cash paid for income taxes, higher capital
expenditures and higher expected interest expense.
Diluted
earnings per common share is expected to grow in 2011 as a result of the anticipated growth in income from continuing operations resulting from higher operating profit before
depreciation and amortization, lower depreciation and amortization and a continued decline in weighted average common shares outstanding due to anticipated share repurchases, partially offset by
increased income tax and interest expense.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 2010 Compared with the Year Ended December 31, 2009
Consolidated Results of Operations
We discuss changes for each of our segments in more detail below.
Revenues.
The following table presents our revenues by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
DIRECTV U.S.
|
|
$
|
20,268
|
|
$
|
18,671
|
|
$
|
1,597
|
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
DIRECTV Latin America
|
|
|
3,597
|
|
|
2,878
|
|
|
719
|
|
|
25.0
|
%
|
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
|
|
|
237
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
221
|
|
|
NM
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenues
|
|
$
|
24,102
|
|
$
|
21,565
|
|
$
|
2,537
|
|
|
11.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
*
-
Percentage
not meaningful.
The
increase in our total revenues was due to subscriber growth and higher ARPU at DIRECTV U.S., subscriber growth at DIRECTV Latin America, as well as the revenue generated by DIRECTV
Sports Networks which we acquired in November 2009.
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization.
The following table presents our operating profit (loss) before depreciation and
amortization
by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit (loss) before depreciation and amortization by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
DIRECTV U.S.
|
|
$
|
5,216
|
|
$
|
4,685
|
|
$
|
531
|
|
|
11.3
|
%
|
DIRECTV Latin America
|
|
|
1,164
|
|
|
697
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
67.0
|
%
|
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
(69
|
)
|
|
67
|
|
|
NM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
6,378
|
|
$
|
5,313
|
|
$
|
1,065
|
|
|
20.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42
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DIRECTV
The
increase in total operating profit before depreciation and amortization was due to higher gross profit from the increase in revenues, lower charges in 2010 for foreign currency
transactions at DIRECTV Latin America, offset by higher subscriber acquisition costs and upgrade and retention costs at both DIRECTV U.S and DIRECTV Latin America and higher general and administrative
expenses at DIRECTV U.S.
Operating profit.
The following table presents our operating profit (loss) by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit (loss) by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
DIRECTV U.S.
|
|
$
|
3,290
|
|
$
|
2,410
|
|
$
|
880
|
|
|
36.5
|
%
|
DIRECTV Latin America
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
331
|
|
|
292
|
|
|
88.2
|
%
|
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
|
(68
|
)
|
|
51
|
|
|
NM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating profit
|
|
$
|
3,896
|
|
$
|
2,673
|
|
$
|
1,223
|
|
|
45.8
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
increase in our operating profit was primarily due to the changes in operating profit before depreciation and amortization discussed above and lower depreciation and amortization
expense at DIRECTV U.S. due to the completion of amortization of intangible assets and declining subscriber equipment capitalization, partially offset by increased depreciation at DIRECTV Latin
America due to increased subscriber equipment capitalization.
Interest income.
Interest income was $39 million in 2010 and $41 million in 2009.
Interest expense.
The increase in interest expense to $557 million in 2010 from $423 million in 2009 was due to an increase
in the
average debt balances compared to 2009, partially offset by decreased interest rates. We capitalized interest costs of $6 million in 2010 and $18 million in 2009.
Liberty transaction and related gains (charges).
In 2010, we recorded a $67 million net gain from the settlement of the equity
collars and
debt assumed as part of the Liberty Transaction. In 2009 we incurred $491 million in costs related to the Liberty Transaction, which is comprised of a $337 million premium paid to LEI
shareholders, $111 million in net losses for the partial settlement and fair-value adjustments related to the equity collars and non-employee stock options and stock
appreciation rights and $43 million of charges for transaction related costs.
Other, net.
The significant components of "Other, net" were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries
|
|
$
|
90
|
|
$
|
51
|
|
$
|
39
|
|
Net foreign currency transaction gain
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
(51
|
)
|
Loss from impairment of investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
(45
|
)
|
|
45
|
|
Fair-value adjustment loss on non-employee stock options
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
(34
|
)
|
|
18
|
|
Net gain from sale of investments
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
69
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
$
|
35
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In
2010, Other, net increased due primarily to increased equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries due to our investment in GSN, the recognition of a charge for the other than
temporary impairment of investments in 2009, and reduced losses on the early extinguishment of debt in 2010, partially offset by lower foreign currency transaction gain related to net U.S. dollar
denominated liabilities held by Sky Brazil and fair-value adjustment loss on non-employee stock options in connection with the Liberty Transaction completed in 2009.
Income tax expense.
The increase of income tax expense to $1,202 million in 2010 from $827 million in 2009 is primarily due to
an
increase in income before taxes, partially offset by tax benefits associated with the release of valuation allowances in certain foreign subsidiaries, multi-state income tax planning and recognition
of previously unrecognized tax benefits. The increase was also offset by higher tax expense in the prior year primarily attributable to the non deductibility of the Liberty Transaction charge for tax
purposes.
Noncontrolling interests in net earnings of subsidiaries.
We recognized noncontrolling interest in net earnings of subsidiaries of
$114 million in
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2010
and $65 million in 2009 at Sky Brazil. Noncontrolling interest in net earnings of subsidiaries in 2010 increased due to higher net income at Sky Brazil and a net tax benefit attributable
to the noncontrolling interest resulting from the release of a deferred income tax asset valuation allowance.
Earnings Per Share.
Class A common stock earnings per share (DIRECTV Group common stock for the period January 1, 2009
through
November 19, 2009) and weighted shares outstanding were as follows for the years ended December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Shares in Millions)
|
|
Basic earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share
|
|
$
|
2.31
|
|
$
|
0.96
|
|
Diluted earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
0.95
|
|
Weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
870
|
|
|
982
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
876
|
|
|
989
|
|
The
increases in basic and diluted earnings per share for Class A common stock were due to higher net income attributable to DIRECTV, the charge recorded for the Liberty
Transaction in 2009 and a reduction in weighted shares outstanding resulting from our share repurchase program and the effect of the Liberty Transaction, partially offset by the $160 million
inducement in 2010 paid in connection with the Malone Transaction.
DIRECTV U.S. Segment
The following table provides operating results and a summary of key subscriber data for the DIRECTV U.S. segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Subscriber Amounts)
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
20,268
|
|
$
|
18,671
|
|
$
|
1,597
|
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
Operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs of revenues, exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broadcast programming and other
|
|
|
8,699
|
|
|
8,027
|
|
|
672
|
|
|
8.4
|
%
|
|
|
Subscriber service expenses
|
|
|
1,340
|
|
|
1,268
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
5.7
|
%
|
|
|
Broadcast operations expenses
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
274
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
(0.4
|
)%
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subscriber acquisition costs
|
|
|
2,631
|
|
|
2,478
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
6.2
|
%
|
|
|
Upgrade and retention costs
|
|
|
1,106
|
|
|
1,045
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
5.8
|
%
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
1,003
|
|
|
894
|
|
|
109
|
|
|
12.2
|
%
|
Depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
1,926
|
|
|
2,275
|
|
|
(349
|
)
|
|
(15.3
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
16,978
|
|
|
16,261
|
|
|
717
|
|
|
4.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit
|
|
$
|
3,290
|
|
$
|
2,410
|
|
$
|
880
|
|
|
36.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
5,216
|
|
$
|
4,685
|
|
$
|
531
|
|
|
11.3
|
%
|
Total number of subscribers (000's)
|
|
|
19,223
|
|
|
18,560
|
|
|
663
|
|
|
3.6
|
%
|
ARPU
|
|
$
|
89.71
|
|
$
|
85.48
|
|
$
|
4.23
|
|
|
4.9
|
%
|
Average monthly subscriber churn %
|
|
|
1.53
|
%
|
|
1.53
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
Gross subscriber additions (000's)
|
|
|
4,124
|
|
|
4,273
|
|
|
(149
|
)
|
|
(3.5
|
)%
|
Subscriber disconnections (000's)
|
|
|
3,461
|
|
|
3,334
|
|
|
127
|
|
|
3.8
|
%
|
Net subscriber additions (000's)
|
|
|
663
|
|
|
939
|
|
|
(276
|
)
|
|
(29.4
|
)%
|
Average subscriber acquisition costsper subscriber (SAC)
|
|
$
|
796
|
|
$
|
712
|
|
$
|
84
|
|
|
11.8
|
%
|
Subscribers.
In 2010, gross subscriber additions decreased primarily due to the impact of the transition to digital broadcast in 2009
and lower
additions from our regional telco partners as a result of a more challenging
44
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
competitive
environment. Net subscriber additions decreased from 2009 due to the decrease in gross additions and higher subscriber disconnections associated with the larger subscriber base. Average
monthly subscriber churn remained unchanged from 1.53% in 2009.
Revenues.
Our revenues increased as a result of higher ARPU and the larger subscriber base. The increase in ARPU resulted primarily
from price
increases on programming packages, higher HD and DVR service fees.
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization.
The improvement of operating profit before depreciation and amortization was
primarily due to
the gross profit generated from the higher revenues, partially offset by higher subscriber acquisition and upgrade and retention costs and higher general and administrative expenses.
Broadcast
programming and other costs increased due to the larger number of subscribers in 2010 and annual program supplier rate increases. Subscriber service expenses increased
primarily due to a larger subscriber base in 2010 and costs associated with service quality improvement initiatives.
Subscriber
acquisition costs increased from 2009 primarily due to higher subscriber demand for advanced products as well as increased dealer commissions. SAC per subscriber, which
includes the cost of capitalized set-top receivers, increased primarily due to higher subscriber demand for advanced products and increased dealer commissions compared to 2009. Under our
lease program, we capitalized $651 million of set-top receivers in 2010 and $564 million in 2009 for new subscriber acquisitions.
Upgrade
and retention costs increased in 2010 due to increased marketing costs and costs related to advanced product upgrades. Under our lease program we capitalized $316 million
of set-top receivers in 2010 and $419 million in 2009 for subscriber upgrades. The decrease in the capitalized amount of set-top receivers is due to a decrease in the
cost of advanced products.
General
and administrative expenses increased in 2010 primarily due to increased labor and benefit costs related to higher incentive compensation and increased headcount as well as
higher bad debt expense associated with higher revenue.
Operating profit.
The increase in operating profit was primarily due to higher operating profit before depreciation and amortization
and lower
depreciation and amortization expense in 2010 as a result of decreased subscriber equipment capitalization and completion of the amortization of subscriber related and orbital slot intangible assets.
DIRECTV Latin America Segment
The following table provides operating results and a summary of key subscriber data for the DIRECTV Latin America segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Subscriber Amounts)
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
3,597
|
|
$
|
2,878
|
|
$
|
719
|
|
|
25.0
|
%
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
1,164
|
|
|
697
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
67.0
|
%
|
Operating profit
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
331
|
|
|
292
|
|
|
88.2
|
%
|
Other data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ARPU
|
|
$
|
57.95
|
|
$
|
57.12
|
|
$
|
0.83
|
|
|
1.5
|
%
|
Average monthly subscriber churn %
|
|
|
1.77
|
%
|
|
1.75
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
%
|
Total number of subscribers (000's) (1)
|
|
|
5,808
|
|
|
4,588
|
|
|
1,220
|
|
|
26.6
|
%
|
Gross subscriber additions (000's)
|
|
|
2,318
|
|
|
1,575
|
|
|
743
|
|
|
47.2
|
%
|
Net subscriber additions (000's)
|
|
|
1,220
|
|
|
692
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
76.3
|
%
|
-
(1)
-
DIRECTV
Latin America subscriber data exclude subscribers of the Sky Mexico platform. Net subscriber additions and churn exclude the effect of the migration
of approximately 3,000 subscribers to Sky Mexico and the migration of approximately 16,000 subscribers from a local pay television service provider to Sky Brazil in 2009.
Gross
subscriber additions increased in 2010 principally due to continued strong demand for advanced products and prepaid services, the effect of the FIFA World Cup soccer tournament as
well as targeted customer promotions aimed at the middle-market segments. The increase in net subscriber additions was due to higher gross subscriber additions primarily in Brazil, Argentina,
Colombia, Ecuador and Chile.
45
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
Revenues
increased in 2010 primarily due to strong subscriber growth. ARPU increased mainly due to price increases and higher fees for HD and DVR services, partially offset by the effect
of the devaluation in Venezuela and the increased penetration of the middle-market segment.
The
higher operating profit before depreciation and amortization was primarily from the increased gross profit generated from the higher revenues, coupled with lower general and
administrative expenses primarily due to a decrease of $191 million in the charges related to the exchange of Venezuelan currency. This was partially offset by an increase in subscriber
acquisition costs due to a higher number of gross subscriber additions.
The
increase in operating profit was primarily due to higher operating profit before depreciation and amortization, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization expense
resulting from an increase in basic and advanced product receivers capitalized related to the higher gross subscriber additions attained over the last year.
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
Operating loss from Sports Networks, Elimination and Other decreased to $17 million in 2010 from $68 million in 2009.
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other primarily consisted of corporate operating costs until November 19, 2009 when we completed the Liberty Transaction and acquired the RSNs.
Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared with the Year Ended December 31, 2008
Consolidated Results of Operations
We discuss changes for each of our segments in more detail below.
Revenues.
The following table presents our revenues by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
DIRECTV U.S.
|
|
$
|
18,671
|
|
$
|
17,310
|
|
$
|
1,361
|
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
DIRECTV Latin America
|
|
|
2,878
|
|
|
2,383
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
20.8
|
%
|
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
NM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenues
|
|
$
|
21,565
|
|
$
|
19,693
|
|
$
|
1,872
|
|
|
9.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
increase in our total revenues was due to subscriber growth and higher ARPU at DIRECTV U.S. and DIRECTV Latin America.
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization.
The following table presents our operating profit (loss) before depreciation and
amortization
by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit (loss) before depreciation and amortization by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
DIRECTV U.S.
|
|
$
|
4,685
|
|
$
|
4,391
|
|
$
|
294
|
|
|
6.7
|
%
|
DIRECTV Latin America
|
|
|
697
|
|
|
690
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
1.0
|
%
|
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
|
|
|
(69
|
)
|
|
(66
|
)
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
4.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
5,313
|
|
$
|
5,015
|
|
$
|
298
|
|
|
5.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
increase in total operating profit before depreciation and amortization was due to higher gross profit from the increase in revenues, partially offset by higher subscriber
acquisition, upgrade and retention and general and administrative costs at both DIRECTV U.S. and DIRECTV Latin America.
46
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
Operating profit.
The following table presents our operating profit (loss) by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit (loss) by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
DIRECTV U.S.
|
|
$
|
2,410
|
|
$
|
2,330
|
|
$
|
80
|
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
DIRECTV Latin America
|
|
|
331
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
(95
|
)
|
|
(22.3
|
)%
|
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
|
|
|
(68
|
)
|
|
(61
|
)
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
11.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating profit
|
|
$
|
2,673
|
|
$
|
2,695
|
|
$
|
(22
|
)
|
|
(0.8
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
decrease in our operating profit was primarily due to increased depreciation and amortization from the DIRECTV U.S. and DIRECTV Latin America set-top receiver lease
programs, more than offsetting our increase in operating profit before depreciation and amortization.
Interest income.
The decrease in interest income to $41 million in 2009 from $81 million in 2008 was due to lower interest
rates and
lower average cash balances due mostly to the use of cash to fund our share repurchase program.
Interest expense.
The increase in interest expense to $423 million in 2009 from $360 million in 2008 was due to an increase
in the
average debt balance compared to 2008, partially offset by decreased interest rates. We capitalized $18 million of interest costs in both 2009 and 2008.
Liberty transaction and related gains (charges).
In 2009 we incurred $491 million in costs related to the Liberty Transaction,
which is
comprised of a $337 premium paid to LEI shareholders, $111 million in net losses for the partial settlement and fair-value adjustments related to the equity collars and
non-employee stock options and stock appreciation rights and $43 million of charges for transaction related costs.
Other, net.
The significant components of "Other, net" were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries
|
|
$
|
51
|
|
$
|
55
|
|
$
|
(4
|
)
|
Net foreign currency transaction gain
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
Loss from impairment of investments
|
|
|
(45
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(45
|
)
|
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
Net gain (loss) from sale of investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
$
|
55
|
|
$
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In
2009, Other, net decreased due primarily to the recognition of a charge for the other than temporary impairment of investments, a loss on the early extinguishment of our 8.375% senior
notes and decreased earnings from our unconsolidated subsidiaries, partially offset by a foreign currency transaction gain related to net U.S. dollar denominated liabilities held by Sky Brazil.
Income tax expense.
The increase in the effective tax rate to 45% in 2009 from 35% in 2008 is primarily attributable to the
non-recoverability of Liberty Transaction related charges.
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes.
During 2008, we recorded a net $6 million adjustment as a result of the
expiration of the
statute of limitations in the federal jurisdiction offset by the write-off of foreign incentive income tax benefits related to previously divested businesses.
Noncontrolling interests in net earnings of subsidiaries.
We recognized noncontrolling interest in net earnings of subsidiaries of
$65 million
in 2009 and $92 million in 2008 at Sky Brazil. Noncontrolling interest in net earnings of subsidiaries in 2009 decreased due to lower net income at Sky Brazil.
Earnings Per Share.
Class A common stock earnings per share (DIRECTV Group common stock for the period January 1, 2008
through
47
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
November 19,
2009) and weighted shares outstanding were as follows for the years ended December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Shares in Millions)
|
|
Basic earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share
|
|
$
|
0.96
|
|
$
|
1.37
|
|
Diluted earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share
|
|
|
0.95
|
|
|
1.37
|
|
Weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
982
|
|
|
1,110
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
989
|
|
|
1,114
|
|
The
decreases in basic and diluted earnings per share for Class A common stock were due to lower net income attributable to DIRECTV, which was primarily due to the charge recorded
for the Liberty Transaction in 2009, partially offset by the reduction in weighted shares outstanding resulting from our share repurchase program and the effect of the Liberty Transaction.
DIRECTV U.S. Segment
The following table provides operating results and a summary of key subscriber data for the DIRECTV U.S. segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Subscriber Amounts)
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
18,671
|
|
$
|
17,310
|
|
$
|
1,361
|
|
|
7.9
|
%
|
Operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs of revenues, exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broadcast programming and other
|
|
|
8,027
|
|
|
7,424
|
|
|
603
|
|
|
8.1
|
%
|
|
|
Subscriber service expenses
|
|
|
1,268
|
|
|
1,139
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
11.3
|
%
|
|
|
Broadcast operations expenses
|
|
|
274
|
|
|
265
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subscriber acquisition costs
|
|
|
2,478
|
|
|
2,191
|
|
|
287
|
|
|
13.1
|
%
|
|
|
Upgrade and retention costs
|
|
|
1,045
|
|
|
1,027
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
1.8
|
%
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
894
|
|
|
873
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
Depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
2,275
|
|
|
2,061
|
|
|
214
|
|
|
10.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
16,261
|
|
|
14,980
|
|
|
1,281
|
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit
|
|
$
|
2,410
|
|
$
|
2,330
|
|
$
|
80
|
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
4,685
|
|
$
|
4,391
|
|
$
|
294
|
|
|
6.7
|
%
|
Total number of subscribers (000's) (1)
|
|
|
18,560
|
|
|
17,621
|
|
|
939
|
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
ARPU
|
|
$
|
85.48
|
|
$
|
83.90
|
|
$
|
1.58
|
|
|
1.9
|
%
|
Average monthly subscriber churn %
|
|
|
1.53
|
%
|
|
1.47
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
%
|
Gross subscriber additions (000's)
|
|
|
4,273
|
|
|
3,904
|
|
|
369
|
|
|
9.5
|
%
|
Subscriber disconnections (000's)
|
|
|
3,334
|
|
|
3,043
|
|
|
291
|
|
|
9.6
|
%
|
Net subscriber additions (000's)
|
|
|
939
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
9.1
|
%
|
Average subscriber acquisition costsper subscriber (SAC)
|
|
$
|
712
|
|
$
|
715
|
|
$
|
(3
|
)
|
|
(0.4
|
)%
|
-
(1)
-
As
discussed above in "Key Terminology," during 2008, we had a one-time downward adjustment to our subscriber count of approximately 71,000
subscribers related to commercial equivalent viewing units. This adjustment did
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not
affect our revenue, operating profit, cash flows, net subscriber additions or average monthly subscriber churn.
Subscribers.
In 2009, gross subscriber additions increased primarily due to more aggressive promotions, marketing of the
AT&T/DIRECTV bundle which
began in February 2009, higher demand for advanced services and the impact of the transition to digital programming by broadcasters in the first half of 2009. Net subscriber additions increased from
2008 primarily due to the increase in gross additions, partially offset by higher subscriber disconnections due to a higher average monthly churn rate on a larger subscriber base. Average monthly
subscriber churn increased primarily due to stricter upgrade and retention policies for existing customers as well as more aggressive competitor promotions combined with a weaker economy.
Revenues.
DIRECTV U.S.' revenues increased as a result of the larger subscriber base and higher ARPU. The increase in ARPU resulted
primarily from
price increases on programming packages, higher HD and DVR product penetration, partially offset by more competitive customer promotions, the elimination of satellite lease revenue and lower premium
movie package buy rates.
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization.
The improvement of operating profit before depreciation and amortization was
primarily due to
the gross profit generated from the higher revenues, partially offset by higher subscriber acquisition costs principally related to the increase in gross subscriber additions.
Broadcast
programming and other costs increased due to the larger number of subscribers in 2009 and annual program supplier rate increases. Subscriber service expenses increased
primarily due to a larger subscriber base in 2009 and costs associated with service quality improvement initiatives.
Subscriber
acquisition costs increased primarily due to an increase in gross subscriber additions compared to 2008 and increased marketing and advertising costs. SAC per subscriber,
which includes the cost of capitalized set-top receivers, decreased primarily due to lower set-top receiver costs and greater savings related to the increased usage of
refurbished set-top receivers through our lease program.
Upgrade
and retention costs increased in 2009 primarily due to the larger subscriber base, partially offset by decreased installation costs and decreased spending on other programs due
to stricter spending policies.
General
and administrative expenses increased in 2009 primarily due to increased labor and benefit expense from the increase in headcount within our owned and operated home service
provider installation business, partially offset by a $14 million charge in 2008 for the write-off of accounts receivable for equipment and other costs incurred to effect the
orderly transition of services from one of our home service providers that ceased operations.
Operating profit.
The increase in operating profit was primarily due to higher operating profit before depreciation and amortization,
partially
offset by higher depreciation and amortization expense in 2009 resulting from the capitalization of set-top receivers under the lease program.
DIRECTV Latin America Segment
The following table provides operating results and a summary of key subscriber data for the DIRECTV Latin America segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Subscriber Amounts)
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
2,878
|
|
$
|
2,383
|
|
$
|
495
|
|
|
20.8
|
%
|
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
697
|
|
|
690
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
1.0
|
%
|
Operating profit
|
|
|
331
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
(95
|
)
|
|
(22.3
|
)%
|
Other data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ARPU
|
|
$
|
57.12
|
|
$
|
55.07
|
|
$
|
2.05
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
Average monthly subscriber churn % (1)
|
|
|
1.75
|
%
|
|
1.78
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
(1.7
|
)%
|
Total number of subscribers (000's) (2)
|
|
|
4,588
|
|
|
3,883
|
|
|
705
|
|
|
18.2
|
%
|
Gross subscriber additions (000's)
|
|
|
1,575
|
|
|
1,393
|
|
|
182
|
|
|
13.1
|
%
|
Net subscriber additions (000's)
|
|
|
692
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
11.1
|
%
|
-
(1)
-
In
the year ended December 31, 2008, DIRECTV Latin America had a subscriber adjustment totaling 78,000 subscribers in Sky Brazil as a result of the
inconsistent application of churn policies in previous
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-
(2)
-
DIRECTV
Latin America subscriber data excludes subscribers of the Sky Mexico platform. We migrated approximately 3,000 subscribers from DIRECTV Latin
America to Sky Mexico during 2009 and migrated approximately 19,000 subscribers from DIRECTV Latin America to Sky Mexico during 2008. Additionally, we migrated approximately 16,000 subscribers from a
local pay television service provider in Latin America to Sky Brazil during 2009. Net subscriber additions as well as churn exclude the effect of these migrations.
The
increase in net subscriber additions was due to strong subscriber demand across the region, particularly in Colombia, Brazil and Puerto Rico, increased demand for DVR, HD and
pre-paid services, as well as targeted customer promotions. The decrease in average monthly subscriber churn was primarily due to two downward subscriber adjustments in 2008 totaling
78,000 subscribers. Excluding these subscriber adjustments, churn would have increased 17 basis points principally due to the growth of DTVLA's prepaid business.
Revenues
increased in 2009 primarily due to strong subscriber and ARPU growth. ARPU increased mainly due to price increases in Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina, as well as higher fees for
HD and DVR services, partially offset by foreign currency devaluations, particularly in Brazil and Argentina.
The
higher operating profit before depreciation and amortization is primarily due to the gross profit generated from the higher revenues, partially offset by higher general and
administrative expense due primarily to $213 million in currency related transaction fees in Venezuela, an increase in subscriber acquisition costs mostly due to an increase in gross subscriber
additions and higher subscriber service costs primarily related to customer service improvement initiatives and the larger subscriber base.
The
lower operating profit was primarily due to the increase in operating profit before depreciation and amortization, offset by higher depreciation and amortization expense primarily
due to an increase in basic and advance product receivers leased over the last year.
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other
Operating loss from Sports Networks, Elimination and Other increased to $68 million in 2009 from $61 million in 2008.
Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other primarily consisted of corporate operating costs until November 19, 2009 when we completed the Liberty Transaction and acquired the RSNs.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash, cash equivalents and the cash flow that we generate from our operations. Additionally, from 2008 to 2010 we
completed multiple financing transactions that have resulted in approximately $10.5 billion of net cash proceeds. We have also experienced significant growth in net cash provided by operating
activities and free cash flow. We expect that net cash provided by operating activities will continue to grow and believe that our existing cash balances and cash provided by operations will be
sufficient to fund our existing business plan. Additionally, in February 2011, DIRECTV U.S. entered into a new $2 billion revolving credit facility, which is available until 2016. We may borrow
under this facility to fund share repurchases or to fund strategic investment opportunities should they arise.
At
December 31, 2010, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $1.5 billion compared with $2.6 billion at December 31, 2009.
As
a measure of liquidity, the current ratio (ratio of current assets to current liabilities) was 0.96 at December 31, 2010 and 0.89 at December 31, 2009. Working capital
improved by $449 million to a $197 million deficit at
December 31, 2010 from a deficit of $646 million at December 31, 2009. The improvement during the period was mostly due to the decrease in our current debt balance due to the
repayment of debt and the related equity collars as part of the Liberty Transaction.
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Summary Cash Flow Information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
5,206
|
|
$
|
4,431
|
|
$
|
3,910
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(3,099
|
)
|
|
(2,194
|
)
|
|
(2,388
|
)
|
Net cash used in financing activities
|
|
|
(3,210
|
)
|
|
(1,637
|
)
|
|
(600
|
)
|
Free cash flow:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
5,206
|
|
$
|
4,431
|
|
$
|
3,910
|
|
Less: Cash paid for property, equipment and satellites
|
|
|
(2,416
|
)
|
|
(2,071
|
)
|
|
(2,229
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Free cash flow
|
|
$
|
2,790
|
|
$
|
2,360
|
|
$
|
1,681
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities
The increases in net cash provided by operating activities in 2010 and 2009 were primarily due to our higher operating profit before
depreciation and amortization, which resulted from the higher gross profit generated from an increase in revenues. Cash paid for income taxes was $705 million in 2010, $484 million in
2009 and $706 million in 2008. The increase in cash paid for income taxes in 2010 resulted mainly from increased income from continuing operations and prior year tax credits taken in 2009.
Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities
During 2008 and 2009, we experienced a reduction in set-top receiver costs and benefited from the use of refurbished
set-top receivers from the DIRECTV U.S. lease program, which resulted in a reduction in capital expenditures for property and equipment in 2008 and 2009. From 2009 to 2010, capital
expenditures for set-top receivers at DIRECTV U.S. remained relatively consistent.
During
2008, 2009 and 2010, DIRECTV U.S. was in the process of constructing three satellites. Two of those satellites have been completed and placed into service. We expect to place the
third satellite in service in the second half of 2013.
Capital
expenditures in Latin America for set-top receivers provided to subscribers increased during 2008, 2009 and 2010. Part of our business strategy in Latin America is to
increase advanced product and multi-box installations; therefore, our capital expenditures in Latin America are expected to continue to increase.
Additionally,
in 2010, we paid $617 million for investments in companies, net of cash acquired, primarily for the purchase of Globo's approximate 19% interest in Sky Brazil. We
paid $37 million in 2009 and $204 million in 2008 for investments, net of cash acquired, in various other companies and $97 million, net of cash acquired, as part of the Liberty
Transaction in 2009. These transactions are described in Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report. Our cash spending
on investment in companies is discretionary and we may fund strategic investment opportunities should they arise in the future.
Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities
Under stock repurchase plans approved by our Board of Directors, we completed the repurchase of our Class A common stock as
follows: $5,111 million in 2010, $1,696 million during 2009 and $3,174 million during 2008. In the first quarter of 2011, we announced a new repurchase program authorization of
$6 billion. We may make purchases under this program in the open market, through negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing, nature and amount of such transactions will depend on a
variety of factors, including market conditions, and the program may be suspended, discontinued or accelerated at any time. The sources of funds for the purchases under the remaining authorization are
our existing cash on hand, cash from operations and potential additional borrowings.
During
2010, we had $5,978 million of net cash proceeds from the issuance of senior notes. We also repaid $2,323 million of our long-term debt, and paid
approximately $1,537 million to settle the debt and related equity collars assumed as part of the Liberty Transaction. During 2009, we had $1,990 million of net cash proceeds from the
issuance of senior notes. We also repaid $1,018 million of our long-term debt, and paid approximately $751 million to settle a portion of the debt and related equity collars
assumed as part of the Liberty Transaction. In 2008, we had
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$2,490 million
of net cash proceeds from the issuance of senior notes and borrowings under DIRECTV U.S.' senior secured credit facility. We also repaid $53 million of our
long-term debt during 2008.
We
anticipate additional borrowings in the future in order to achieve our target of outstanding long-term debt of 2.5 times DIRECTV U.S. operating profit before depreciation and
amortization.
Free Cash Flow
Free cash flow increased in 2010 as compared to 2009 due to an increase in net cash provided by operating activities described above,
partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures. The increase in capital expenditures resulted primarily from an increase in subscriber leased equipment, satellite and other infrastructure at
DTVLA.
Debt
At December 31, 2010, we had $10,510 million in total outstanding borrowings, bearing a weighted average interest rate of
5.4%. Our outstanding borrowings primarily consist of notes payable issued by DIRECTV U.S. as more fully described in Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in
Item 8, Part II of this Annual Report, which we incorporate herein by reference.
Our
notes payable and short-term borrowings mature as follows: $38 million in 2011, $1,000 million in 2014, $2,200 million in 2015 and
$7,300 million thereafter.
Revolving Credit Facility
In February 2011, DIRECTV U.S.' senior secured credit facility was terminated and replaced by a new 5 year, $2.0 billion
revolving credit facility. We pay a commitment fee of .30% per year for the unused commitment under the revolving credit facility, and borrowings will bear interest at an annual rate of (i) the
London interbank offer rate (LIBOR) (or for Euro advances the EURIBOR rate) plus 1.50% or at our option (ii) the higher of the prime rate plus 0.50% or the Fed Funds Rate plus 1.00%. The
commitment fee and the annual interest rate may be increased or decreased under certain conditions, which include changes in DIRECTV U.S.' long-term, unsecured debt ratings. The revolving
credit facility is unsecured and has been fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by substantially all of DIRECTV U.S.' current and certain of its future domestic subsidiaries on
a senior unsecured basis.
Covenants and Restrictions.
The revolving credit facility requires DIRECTV U.S. to maintain at the end of each fiscal quarter a
specified ratio of
indebtedness to adjusted net income. The revolving credit facility also includes covenants that restrict DIRECTV U.S.' ability to, among other things, (i) incur additional subsidiary
indebtedness, (ii) incur liens, (iii) enter into certain transactions with affiliates, (iv) merge or consolidate with another entity, (v) sell, assign, lease or otherwise
dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, and (vi) change its lines of business. Additionally, the senior notes contain restrictive covenants that are similar. Should DIRECTV U.S. fail
to comply with these covenants, all or a portion of its borrowings under the senior notes could become immediately payable and its revolving credit facility could be terminated. As of
February 7, 2011, the closing date of the revolving credit facility, DIRECTV U.S. was in compliance with all such covenants. The senior notes and revolving credit facility also provide that the
borrowings may be required to be prepaid if certain change-in-control events occur.
Contingencies
National Football League Strike or Lockout.
DIRECTV U.S. has a contract with the National Football League for the exclusive rights to
distribute the
NFL Sunday Ticket Package to DIRECTV U.S. subscribers. The NFL's collective bargaining agreement with its players expires before the beginning of the 2011-2012 NFL season.
If there is a players' strike or an owners' lockout and no games are played or a reduced schedule is played, DIRECTV U.S. would still be obligated to make certain contractual payments to the NFL for
such season. DIRECTV U.S. subscriber revenues would decrease if NFL games are not played or a full season is lost and cash flows from operating activities would decrease from lower revenues as well as
our continuing obligation to make certain contractual payments to the NFL. DIRECTV U.S. will be able to partially offset these payments through provisions such as credits in the following year,
reimbursements for games not played and its rights to an extra season if the entire season is cancelled, but in the near term a strike or lockout could have a material
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adverse
effect on our cash flows from operating activities primarily due to payments we may have to make to the NFL, including minimum contractual obligations, an optional advance payment that may be
requested by the NFL and the loss of subscriber revenue, as well as possibly resulting in reduced subscriber additions and higher churn.
Venezuela devaluation and exchange controls.
In January 2010, the Venezuelan government announced the creation of a dual exchange rate
system,
including an exchange rate of 4.3 bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar for most of the activities of our Venezuelan operations compared to an exchange rate of 2.15 Venezuelan bolivars fuerte prior to the
announcement. As a result of this devaluation, we recorded a $6 million charge to net income in the year ended December 31, 2010 related to the adjustment of net bolivars fuerte
denominated monetary assets to the new official exchange rate. We began reporting the operating results of our Venezuelan subsidiary in the first quarter of 2010 using the devalued rate of 4.3
bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar. In December 2010, the Venezuelan government announced the elimination of the dual exchange rate system, eliminating the 2.6 bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar
preferential rate which was available for certain activities.
Companies
operating in Venezuela are required to obtain Venezuelan government approval to exchange Venezuelan bolivars fuerte into U.S. dollars at the official rate. We have not been
able to consistently exchange Venezuelan bolivars fuerte into U.S. dollars at the official rate and as a result, we have relied on a parallel exchange process to settle U.S. dollar obligations and to
repatriate accumulated cash balances prior to its close. The rates implied by transactions in the parallel market, which was closed in May 2010, were significantly higher than the official rate (6 to
7 bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar). As a result, we recorded a $22 million charge in 2010, a $213 million charge in 2009 and a $29 million charge in 2008 in "General and
administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in connection with the exchange of accumulated Venezuelan cash balances to U.S. dollars using the parallel exchange process.
As
a result of the closing of the parallel exchange process in May 2010, we have been unable to repatriate excess cash balances and as a result, we have realized lower charges for the
repatriation of cash in 2010 and our Venezuelan subsidiary had accumulated Venezuelan bolivars fuerte denominated cash of $169 million at December 31, 2010, as compared to
$33 million at December 31, 2009 using the official exchange rate.
In
June 2010, the Venezuelan government established the SITME, an alternative to the official process for exchanging foreign currency. Venezuelan entities can purchase U.S. dollar
denominated securities through the SITME; however, trading volume is limited to $50,000 per day with a maximum equivalent of $350,000 in a calendar month, subject to certain limitations. The SITME has
established a weighted average implicit exchange rate of approximately 5.3 bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar.
As
a result of these recent developments, our ability to pay U.S. dollar denominated obligations and repatriate cash generated in Venezuela in excess of local operating requirements is
limited, resulting in an increase in the cash balance at our Venezuelan subsidiary. We expect to continue our practice of repatriating cash generated in Venezuela in excess of local operating
requirements. At such time that exchange controls are eased, accumulated cash balances may ultimately be repatriated at less than their currently reported value, as the official exchange rate has not
changed despite continuing high inflation in Venezuela. These conditions are also expected to affect growth in our Venezuelan business which is dependent on our ability to purchase set-top
boxes and other components using U.S. dollars.
Using
the official 4.3 bolivars fuerte per U.S. dollar exchange rate as of December 31, 2010, our Venezuelan subsidiary had net Venezuelan bolivar fuerte denominated monetary
assets of $85 million in excess of Venezuelan bolivar fuerte denominated monetary liabilities, including cash of $169 million as of December 31, 2010.
Income taxes.
During 2010, we entered into an agreement with a former owner to settle certain tax contingencies. As a result of this
settlement we
recorded a benefit of $39 million in "Income tax expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2010.
Globo.
As discussed in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual
Report,
Globo has the right to exchange its remaining Sky Brazil shares for cash or our common shares. If Globo exercises this right, we have the option to elect to
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pay
the consideration in cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of both.
Other.
Several factors may affect our ability to fund our operations and commitments that we discuss in "Contractual Obligations",
"Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements" and "Contingencies" below. In addition, our future cash flows may be reduced if we experience, among other things, significantly higher subscriber
additions than planned, increased subscriber churn or upgrade and retention costs, higher than planned capital expenditures for satellites and broadcast equipment, or satellite anomalies or signal
theft. Additionally, DIRECTV U.S.' ability to borrow under its revolving credit facility is contingent upon DIRECTV U.S. meeting a financial and other covenants associated with its facility as more
fully described above.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2010, including the future periods in which payments are expected. Additional
details regarding these obligations are provided in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 referenced in the table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due By Period
|
|
Contractual Obligations
|
|
Total
|
|
Less than
1 year
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
3-5 years
|
|
More than
5 years
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Long-term debt obligations (Note 9) (a)
|
|
$
|
16,788
|
|
$
|
613
|
|
$
|
1,154
|
|
$
|
2,053
|
|
$
|
12,968
|
|
Purchase obligations (Note 19) (b)
|
|
|
9,001
|
|
|
2,029
|
|
|
3,780
|
|
|
2,182
|
|
|
1,010
|
|
Operating lease obligations (Note 19) (c)
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
152
|
|
Capital lease obligations (Note 11)
|
|
|
877
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
164
|
|
|
435
|
|
Other long-term liabilities reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets under GAAP (Note 19) (d)
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
27,236
|
|
$
|
2,950
|
|
$
|
5,240
|
|
$
|
4,481
|
|
$
|
14,565
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(a)
-
Long-term
debt obligations include interest calculated based on the rates in effect at December 31, 2010, however, the obligations do not
reflect potential prepayments required under its indentures.
-
(b)
-
Purchase
obligations consist primarily of broadcast programming commitments, regional professional team rights agreements, service contract commitments and
satellite launch contracts. Broadcast programming commitments include guaranteed minimum contractual commitments that are typically based on a flat fee or a minimum number of required subscribers
subscribing to the related programming. Actual payments may exceed the minimum payment requirements if the actual number of subscribers subscribing to the related programming exceeds the minimum
amounts. Service contract commitments include minimum commitments for the purchase of services that have been outsourced to third parties, such as billing services, telemetry, tracking and control
services and broadcast center services. In most cases, actual payments, which are typically based on volume, usually exceed these minimum amounts.
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-
(c)
-
Certain
of the operating leases contain escalation clauses and renewal or purchase options, which we do not consider in the amounts disclosed.
-
(d)
-
Payments
due by period for other long-term liabilities reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet under GAAP do not include payments that could
be made related to our net unrecognized tax benefits liability, which amounted to $362 million as of December 31, 2010. The timing and amount of any future payments is not reasonably
estimable, as such payments are dependent on the completion and resolution of examinations with tax authorities. We do not expect a significant payment related to these obligations within the next
twelve months.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As of December 31, 2010, we were contingently liable under standby letters of credit and bonds in the aggregate amount of $85 million primarily
related to insurance deductibles.
CONTINGENCIES
For a discussion of "Contingencies", see Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual
Report, which we incorporate herein by reference.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
For a discussion of "Certain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions," see Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in
Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which we incorporate herein by reference.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to
make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect amounts reported. Management bases its estimates, judgments and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that are
believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported for future periods may be affected by changes in those
estimates. The following represents what we believe are the critical accounting policies that may involve a higher degree of estimation, judgment and complexity. For a summary of our significant
accounting policies, including those discussed below, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
Income Taxes.
We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining provisions for income taxes. These estimates and judgments
occur in the
calculation of tax credits, tax benefits and deductions, and in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense
for tax and financial statement purposes.
We
assess the recoverability of deferred tax assets at each reporting date and where applicable, record a valuation allowance to reduce the total deferred tax asset to an amount that
will, more-likely-than-not, be realized in the future. Our assessment includes an analysis of whether deferred tax assets will be realized in the ordinary course of
operations based on the available positive and negative evidence, including the scheduling of deferred tax liabilities and forecasted income from operating activities. The underlying assumptions we
use in forecasting future taxable
income require significant judgment. In the event that actual income from operating activities differs from forecasted amounts, or if we change our estimates of forecasted income from operating
activities, we could record additional charges or reduce allowances in order to adjust the carrying value of deferred tax assets to their realizable amount. Such adjustments could be material to our
consolidated financial statements.
In
addition, the recognition of a tax benefit for tax positions involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. Judgment is required in assessing the
future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. We provide for taxes for uncertain tax positions where assessments have not been received. We
believe such tax reserves are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. Once established, we adjust these amounts only when more information is available or when an event
occurs necessitating a change to the reserves. Future events such as changes in the facts or law, judicial decisions regarding the application of existing law or a favorable audit outcome will result
in changes to the amounts provided.
55
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DIRECTV
Contingent Matters.
Determining when, or if, an accrual should be recorded for a contingent matter, including but not limited to legal
and tax
issues, and the amount of such accrual, if any, requires a significant amount of management judgment and estimation. We develop our judgments and estimates in consultation with outside counsel based
on an analysis of potential outcomes. Due to the uncertainty of determining the likelihood of a future event occurring and the potential financial statement impact of such an event, it is possible
that upon further development or resolution of a contingent matter, we could record a charge in a future period that would be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Depreciable Lives of Leased Set-Top Receivers.
We currently lease most set-top receivers provided to new and existing
subscribers and therefore capitalize the cost of those set-top receivers. We depreciate capitalized set-top receivers at DIRECTV U.S. over a three year estimated useful life,
which is based on, among other things, management's judgment of the risk of technological obsolescence. Changes in the estimated useful lives of set-top receivers capitalized could result
in significant changes to the amounts recorded as depreciation expense. We regularly evaluate the estimated useful life of our set-top receivers and it is possible that we may change the
useful life of set-top receivers at DIRECTV U.S. in the near term. If we had changed the depreciable life of DIRECTV U.S.' set-top receivers as of January 1, 2010 to
four years, annual depreciation for 2010 would have decreased by over $300 million.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets.
We evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used, other than goodwill
and intangible assets with indefinite lives, when events and circumstances warrant such a review. We consider the carrying value of a long-lived asset impaired when the anticipated
undiscounted future cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, we recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds
the fair value of the long-lived asset. We determine fair value primarily using the estimated future cash flows associated with the asset under review, discounted at a rate commensurate
with the risk involved, and other valuation techniques. We determine losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of in a similar manner, except that we reduce the fair value for the cost of
disposal. Changes in estimates of future cash flows could result in a write-down of the asset in a future period.
Valuation of Goodwill and Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives.
We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets
with indefinite
lives annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently when events and circumstances change that would more likely than not result in an impairment loss. We completed our annual impairment testing
during the fourth quarter of 2010, and determined that there was no impairment of goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite lives. As of December 31, 2010, the fair value of each reporting
unit and our intangible assets with indefinite lives significantly exceed their carrying values. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II,
Item 8 of this Annual Report, which we incorporate herein by reference.
The
goodwill evaluation requires the estimation of the fair value of reporting units where we record goodwill. We determine fair values primarily using estimated cash flows discounted at
a rate commensurate with the risk involved, when appropriate. Estimation of future cash flows requires significant judgment about future operating results, and can vary significantly from one
evaluation to the next. Risk adjusted discount rates are not fixed and are subject to change over time. As a result, changes in estimated future cash flows and/or changes in discount rates could
result in a write-down of goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite lives in a future period which could be material to our consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For a discussion of accounting changes and new accounting pronouncements see Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in
Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, which we incorporate herein by reference.
***
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DIRECTV
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The following discussion and the estimated amounts generated from the sensitivity analyses referred to below include forward-looking
statements of market risk which assume for analytical purposes that certain adverse market conditions may occur. Actual future market conditions may differ materially from such assumptions and the
amounts noted below are the result of analyses used for the purpose of assessing possible risks and the mitigation thereof. Accordingly, you should not consider the forward-looking statements as our
projections of future events or losses.
General
Our cash flows and earnings are subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and
changes in the market value of our equity investments.
We manage our exposure to these market risks through internally established policies and procedures and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. We enter into
derivative instruments only to the extent considered necessary to meet our risk management objectives, and do not enter into derivative contracts for speculative purposes.
Foreign Currency Risk
We generally conduct our business in U.S. dollars with some business conducted in a variety of foreign currencies and therefore we are
exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Our objective in managing our exposure to foreign currency changes is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign
exchange rate fluctuations. Accordingly, we may enter into foreign exchange contracts to mitigate risks associated with foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities, commitments and anticipated
foreign currency transactions. The gains and losses on derivative foreign exchange contracts offset changes in value of the related exposures. As of December 31, 2010, we had no significant
foreign currency exchange contracts outstanding. The impact of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in exchange rates on our net assets would be a loss of $121 million, net of taxes, at
December 31, 2010, a significant portion of which would be recorded in "Foreign currency translation activity during the period" in our Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders'
Equity.
Interest Rate Risk
From time to time, we may be subject to fluctuating interest rates for variable rate borrowings, which may adversely impact our
consolidated results of operations and cash flows. We had outstanding debt of $10,510 million at December 31, 2010, which mostly consisted of DIRECTV U.S.' fixed rate borrowings.
***
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DIRECTV
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Board of Directors and Stockholders of DIRECTV
El Segundo, California
We
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of DIRECTV ("the Company") as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations,
changes in stockholders' equity (deficit), comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. Our audits also included the financial
statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to
express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of DIRECTV at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results
of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects,
the information set forth therein.
We
have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in
Internal ControlIntegrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 25, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Los
Angeles, California
February 25, 2011
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DIRECTV
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
24,102
|
|
$
|
21,565
|
|
$
|
19,693
|
|
Operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs of revenues, exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broadcast programming and other
|
|
|
10,074
|
|
|
9,064
|
|
|
8,298
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subscriber service expenses
|
|
|
1,681
|
|
|
1,525
|
|
|
1,290
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broadcast operations expenses
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
341
|
|
|
360
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subscriber acquisition costs
|
|
|
3,005
|
|
|
2,773
|
|
|
2,429
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upgrade and retention costs
|
|
|
1,169
|
|
|
1,092
|
|
|
1,058
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
1,445
|
|
|
1,457
|
|
|
1,243
|
|
Depreciation and amortization expense
|
|
|
2,482
|
|
|
2,640
|
|
|
2,320
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
20,206
|
|
|
18,892
|
|
|
16,998
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating profit
|
|
|
3,896
|
|
|
2,673
|
|
|
2,695
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
81
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(557
|
)
|
|
(423
|
)
|
|
(360
|
)
|
Liberty transaction and related gains (charges)
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
(491
|
)
|
|
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
|
|
3,514
|
|
|
1,834
|
|
|
2,471
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
(1,202
|
)
|
|
(827
|
)
|
|
(864
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
2,312
|
|
|
1,007
|
|
|
1,607
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
2,312
|
|
|
1,007
|
|
|
1,613
|
|
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
(114
|
)
|
|
(65
|
)
|
|
(92
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income attributable to DIRECTV
|
|
$
|
2,198
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
$
|
1,521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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DIRECTV
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS(continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
|
|
Net income attributable to common stockholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations, net of taxes, attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders (DIRECTV Group common stockholders for the year
ended December 31, 2008 and the period January 1, 2009 through November 19, 2009)
|
|
$
|
2,014
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
$
|
1,515
|
|
Income from continuing operations, net of taxes, attributable to DIRECTV Class B common stockholders, for the period of November 19, 2009 through
June 16, 2010, including $160 million exchange inducement value for the Malone Transaction in 2010
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income attributable to DIRECTV
|
|
$
|
2,198
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
$
|
1,521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share (DIRECTV Group common shares for the year ended
December 31, 2008 and for the period January 1, 2009 through November 19, 2009):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.31
|
|
$
|
0.96
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
2.31
|
|
$
|
0.96
|
|
$
|
1.37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings attributable to DIRECTV Class A common stockholders per common share (DIRECTV Group common shares for the year
ended December 31, 2008 and for the period January 1, 2009 through November 19, 2009):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.30
|
|
$
|
0.95
|
|
$
|
1.36
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
2.30
|
|
$
|
0.95
|
|
$
|
1.37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) attributable to DIRECTV Class B common stockholders per common share, for the period of
November 19, 2009 through June 16, 2010, including $160 million exchange inducement value for the Malone Transaction in 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
8.44
|
|
$
|
(0.02
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
Weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding (in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
870
|
|
|
982
|
|
|
1,110
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
876
|
|
|
989
|
|
|
1,114
|
|
Weighted average number of Class B common shares outstanding, for the period of November 19, 2009 through June 16, 2010 (in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of total common shares outstanding (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
880
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
1,110
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
886
|
|
|
992
|
|
|
1,114
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
60
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DIRECTV
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions,
Except Share Data)
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
1,502
|
|
$
|
2,605
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable, net
|
|
|
2,001
|
|
|
1,625
|
|
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
247
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
217
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other
|
|
|
450
|
|
|
396
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
4,253
|
|
|
5,055
|
|
Satellites, net
|
|
|
2,235
|
|
|
2,338
|
|
Property and equipment, net
|
|
|
4,444
|
|
|
4,138
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
4,148
|
|
|
4,164
|
|
Intangible assets, net
|
|
|
1,074
|
|
|
1,131
|
|
Investments and other assets
|
|
|
1,755
|
|
|
1,434
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
17,909
|
|
$
|
18,260
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
$
|
3,926
|
|
$
|
3,757
|
|
|
|
Unearned subscriber revenues and deferred credits
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
|
Current portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
1,510
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
4,450
|
|
|
5,701
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
10,472
|
|
|
6,500
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
1,670
|
|
|
1,070
|
|
Other liabilities and deferred credits
|
|
|
1,287
|
|
|
1,678
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
224
|
|
|
400
|
|
Stockholders' equity (deficit)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock and additional paid-in capital$0.01 par value, 3,500,000,000 shares authorized, 808,447,044 and 911,377,919 shares issued and outstanding
of DIRECTV Class A common stock at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively and $0.01 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, none and 21,809,863 shares issued and outstanding of DIRECTV Class B common stock at
December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively
|
|
|
5,563
|
|
|
6,689
|
|
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(5,730
|
)
|
|
(3,722
|
)
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
|
(56
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(194
|
)
|
|
2,911
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)
|
|
$
|
17,909
|
|
$
|
18,260
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
61
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
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The DIRECTV
Group, Inc.
Common Shares
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DIRECTV
Class A
Common Shares
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DIRECTV
Class B
Common Shares
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Common Stock
and Additional
Paid-In Capital
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Accumulated
Deficit
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Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss, net of taxes
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Total
Stockholders'
Equity (Deficit)
|
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Redeemable
Non-controlling
Interest
|
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Net
Income
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(Dollars in Millions, Except Share Data)
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Balance at January 1, 2008
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1,148,268,203
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|
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$
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9,029
|
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$
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(2,995
|
)
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$
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(21
|
)
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$
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6,013
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$
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300
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|
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Net Income
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1,521
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1,521
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92
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$
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1,613
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Stock repurchased and retired
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(131,476,804
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)
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(1,089
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)
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(2,085
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)
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(3,174
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)
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Stock options exercised and restricted stock units vested and distributed
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7,390,644
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105
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105
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|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation expense
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|
|
|
|
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|
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51
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|
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51
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|
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|
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Tax benefit from share-based compensation
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15
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15
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Capital contribution
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|
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160
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160
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|
|
|
|
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|
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Adjustment to the fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest
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|
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|
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67
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67
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(67
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)
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Other
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(20
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)
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(20
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)
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Amortization of amounts resulting from changes in defined benefit plan experience and actuarial assumptions, net of tax
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(87
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)
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(87
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)
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Unrealized losses on securities, net of tax
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(20
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)
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(20
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)
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Balance at December 31, 2008
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1,024,182,043
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8,318
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(3,559
|
)
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(128
|
)
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4,631
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325
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Net Income
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942
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942
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65
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$
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1,007
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Stock repurchased and retired
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(71,242,534
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)
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(591
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)
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(1,105
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)
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(1,696
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)
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Stock options exercised and restricted stock units vested and distributed
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4,191,329
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1,898,770
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35
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35
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Liberty Transaction
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(957,130,838
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)
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909,479,149
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21,809,863
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(1,145
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)
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|
|
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(1,145
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)
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|
|
|
|
|
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Share-based compensation expense
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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55
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Tax benefit from share-based compensation
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|
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|
|
|
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|
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29
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|
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|
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29
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|
|
|
|
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|
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Adjustment to the fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest
|
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|
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(16
|
)
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(16
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)
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16
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Other
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4
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4
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|
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|
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Amortization of amounts resulting from changes in defined benefit plan experience and actuarial assumptions, net of tax
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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(2
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)
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(2
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)
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Cumulative effect of change in functional currency at Sky Brazil
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(112
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)
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(112
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)
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|
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Foreign currency translation activity during the period
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|
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|
|
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179
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|
179
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(6
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)
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|
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Unrealized gains on securities, net of tax
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7
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|
7
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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Balance at December 31, 2009
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911,377,919
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|
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21,809,863
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|
|
6,689
|
|
|
(3,722
|
)
|
|
(56
|
)
|
|
2,911
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,198
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,198
|
|
|
114
|
|
$
|
2,312
|
|
Stock repurchased and retired
|
|
|
|
|
|
(135,528,774
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(973
|
)
|
|
(4,206
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(5,179
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)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock options exercised and restricted stock units vested and distributed
|
|
|
|
|
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6,050,275
|
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|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Malone Transaction
|
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26,547,624
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(21,809,863
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)
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax benefit from share-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends paid by subsidiary to redeemable noncontrolling interest
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
|
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest, including related deferred income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
(605
|
)
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to the fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(323
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(323
|
)
|
|
323
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of amounts resulting from changes in defined benefit plan experience and actuarial assumptions, net of tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation activity during the period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains on securities, net of tax:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains on securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains recognized during period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
808,447,044
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
5,563
|
|
$
|
(5,730
|
)
|
$
|
(27
|
)
|
$
|
(194
|
)
|
$
|
224
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
62
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
2,312
|
|
$
|
1,007
|
|
$
|
1,613
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of amounts resulting from changes in defined benefit plan experience and actuarial assumptions, net of tax
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
(87
|
)
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of change in functional currency at Sky Brazil
|
|
|
|
|
|
(112
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation activity during the period
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net of taxes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains on securities
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains recognized during period
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
|
2,341
|
|
|
1,079
|
|
|
1,506
|
|
|
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
|
|
(121
|
)
|
|
(59
|
)
|
|
(92
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income attributable to DIRECTV
|
|
$
|
2,220
|
|
$
|
1,020
|
|
$
|
1,414
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
63
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
2,312
|
|
$
|
1,007
|
|
$
|
1,613
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
2,312
|
|
|
1,007
|
|
|
1,607
|
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
2,482
|
|
|
2,640
|
|
|
2,320
|
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred revenues and deferred credits
|
|
|
(36
|
)
|
|
(48
|
)
|
|
(104
|
)
|
|
|
Share-based compensation expense
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
Equity in earnings from unconsolidated affiliates
|
|
|
(90
|
)
|
|
(51
|
)
|
|
(55
|
)
|
|
|
Dividends received
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
Net loss from impairment of investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net foreign currency transaction charges
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
(62
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liberty transaction and related (gains) charges
|
|
|
(67
|
)
|
|
491
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
375
|
|
|
441
|
|
|
107
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
(391
|
)
|
|
(141
|
)
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
(12
|
)
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
(96
|
)
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
|
437
|
|
|
(215
|
)
|
|
(23
|
)
|
|
|
|
Unearned subscriber revenues and deferred credits
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
|
89
|
|
|
(84
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
5,206
|
|
|
4,431
|
|
|
3,910
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for property and equipment
|
|
|
(2,303
|
)
|
|
(2,012
|
)
|
|
(2,101
|
)
|
|
Cash paid for satellites
|
|
|
(113
|
)
|
|
(59
|
)
|
|
(128
|
)
|
|
Cash paid for Liberty transaction, net of cash acquired
|
|
|
|
|
|
(97
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Investment in companies, net of cash acquired
|
|
|
(617
|
)
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
(204
|
)
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
(66
|
)
|
|
11
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(3,099
|
)
|
|
(2,194
|
)
|
|
(2,388
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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DIRECTV
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash proceeds from debt issuance
|
|
|
5,978
|
|
|
1,990
|
|
|
2,490
|
|
|
Debt issuance costs
|
|
|
(44
|
)
|
|
(14
|
)
|
|
(19
|
)
|
|
Repayment of long-term debt
|
|
|
(2,323
|
)
|
|
(1,018
|
)
|
|
(53
|
)
|
|
Proceeds from short-term borrowings
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repayment of collar loan and equity collars
|
|
|
(1,537
|
)
|
|
(751
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Repayment of other long-term obligations
|
|
|
(127
|
)
|
|
(116
|
)
|
|
(117
|
)
|
|
Common shares repurchased and retired
|
|
|
(5,111
|
)
|
|
(1,696
|
)
|
|
(3,174
|
)
|
|
Capital contribution
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
160
|
|
|
Stock options exercised
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
Taxes paid in lieu of shares issued for share-based compensation
|
|
|
(118
|
)
|
|
(72
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
Dividends paid to redeemable noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in financing activities
|
|
|
(3,210
|
)
|
|
(1,637
|
)
|
|
(600
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(1,103
|
)
|
|
600
|
|
|
922
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year
|
|
|
2,605
|
|
|
2,005
|
|
|
1,083
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year
|
|
$
|
1,502
|
|
$
|
2,605
|
|
$
|
2,005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
460
|
|
$
|
412
|
|
$
|
334
|
|
|
Cash paid for income taxes
|
|
|
705
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
706
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
65
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1: Description of Business
DIRECTV, which we sometimes refer to as the company, we, or us, is a leading provider of digital television entertainment in the United States and Latin America.
We operate two direct-to-home, or DTH, operating segments: DIRECTV U.S. and DIRECTV Latin America, which are differentiated by their geographic location and are engaged in
acquiring, promoting, selling and/or distributing digital entertainment programming via satellite to residential and commercial subscribers. Since November 19, 2009, we also operate three
regional sports networks and own a 65% interest in Game Show Network LLC, or GSN, a basic television network dedicated to game-related programming and Internet interactive game
playing. We account for our investment in GSN using the equity method of accounting.
-
-
DIRECTV U.S.
DIRECTV Holdings LLC and its subsidiaries, which we refer to as DIRECTV U.S., is the largest provider of DTH digital television services and the second largest provider in the
multi-channel video programming distribution, or MVPD, industry in the United States.
-
-
DIRECTV Latin
America.
DIRECTV Latin America, or DTVLA, is a leading provider of DTH digital television services throughout Latin America. DTVLA is
comprised of: PanAmericana, which provides services in Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Puerto Rico and certain other countries in the region; our 93% owned subsidiary, Sky Brasil
Servicos Ltda., which we refer to as Sky Brazil; and our 41% equity method investment in Innova, S. de R.L. de C.V., or Sky Mexico.
-
-
DIRECTV Sports
Networks.
DIRECTV Sports Networks LLC and its subsidiaries, or DSN, is comprised primarily of three regional sports television
networks based in Seattle, Washington, Denver, Colorado and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, currently known as FSN Rocky Mountain, FSN Northwest and FSN Pittsburgh, respectively. The operating results of
DSN beginning November 19, 2009 are reported as part of the "Sports Networks, Eliminations and Other" operating segment.
Liberty Transaction
On November 19, 2009, The DIRECTV Group, Inc., or DIRECTV Group, and Liberty Media Corporation, which we refer to as
Liberty or Liberty Media, obtained shareholder approval of and closed a series of related transactions which we refer to collectively as the Liberty Transaction. The Liberty Transaction included the
split-off of certain of the assets of the Liberty Entertainment group into Liberty Entertainment, Inc., or LEI, which was then split-off from Liberty. Following the
split-off, DIRECTV Group and LEI merged with subsidiaries of DIRECTV. As a result of the Liberty Transaction, DIRECTV Group, which is comprised of the DIRECTV U.S. and DIRECTV Latin
America businesses, and LEI, which held Liberty's 57% interest in DIRECTV Group, a 100% interest in three regional sports networks, a 65% interest in GSN, approximately $120 million in cash and
cash equivalents and approximately $2.1 billion of indebtedness and a related series of equity collars, became wholly-owned subsidiaries of DIRECTV.
DIRECTV
Group has been treated as the acquiring corporation in the Liberty Transaction for accounting and financial reporting purposes and accordingly, the historical financial
statements of DIRECTV Group are reported as the historical financial statements of DIRECTV in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.
See
Note 3 for additional information regarding these transactions.
Note 2: Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
We present our accompanying financial statements on a consolidated basis and include our accounts and those of our domestic and foreign
subsidiaries that we control through equity ownership or for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary, after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.
66
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported herein. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that we
believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, our actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in those
estimates.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize subscription and pay-per-view revenues when programming is broadcast to subscribers. We recognize
subscriber fees for multiple set-top receivers, our published programming guide, warranty services and equipment rental as revenue, as earned. We recognize advertising revenues when the
related services are performed. We defer programming payments received from subscribers in advance of the broadcast as "Unearned subscriber revenues and deferred credits" in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets until earned. We recognize revenues to be received under contractual commitments on a straight line basis over the minimum contractual period. We report revenues net of customer credits and
discounted promotions.
Broadcast Programming and Other
We recognize the costs of television programming distribution rights when we distribute the related programming. We recognize the costs
of television programming rights to distribute live sporting events for a season or tournament to expense using the straight-line method over the course of the season or tournament.
However, we charge the cost of multi-year programming contracts for live sporting events with minimum guarantee payments, such as DIRECTV U.S.' agreement with the NFL, based on the
contractual rates in the contract per season, unless the contractual rates are inconsistent with the relative value of the programming from season to season, in which case we record the expense based
on the ratio of each period's sports programming package revenues to the estimated total package revenues to be earned over the contract period. We evaluate estimated total contract revenues at least
annually.
We
defer advance payments in the form of cash and equity instruments from programming content providers for carriage of their signal and recognize them as a reduction of "Broadcast
programming and other" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the related contract term. We record equity instruments at fair value based on quoted
market prices or values determined by management.
Subscriber Acquisition Costs
Subscriber acquisition costs consist of costs we incur to acquire new subscribers. We include the cost of set-top receivers
and other equipment, commissions we pay to national retailers, independent satellite television retailers, dealers, telephone communication companies and the cost of installation, advertising,
marketing and customer call center expenses associated with the acquisition of new subscribers in subscriber acquisition costs. We expense these costs as incurred, or when subscribers activate the
DIRECTV® service, as appropriate, except for the cost of set-top receivers leased to new subscribers which we capitalize in "Property and equipment, net" in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets. Although paid in advance, the retailer or dealer earns substantially all commissions paid for customer acquisitions over 12 months from the date of subscriber activation. Should
the subscriber cancel our service during the 12 month service period, we are reimbursed for the unearned portion of the commission by the retailer or dealer and record a decrease to subscriber
acquisition costs. We include the amount of our set-top receivers capitalized each period for subscriber acquisition activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows under the
caption "Cash paid for property and equipment." See Note 5 for additional information.
Upgrade and Retention Costs
Upgrade and retention costs consist primarily of costs we incur for loyalty programs offered to existing subscribers. The costs for
loyalty
67
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
programs
include the costs of installing or providing hardware under our movers program (for subscribers relocating to a new residence), multiple set-top receiver offers, digital video
recorder, or DVR, high-definition, or HD, local channel upgrade programs and other similar initiatives, and third party commissions we incur for the sale of additional set-top
receivers to existing subscribers. We expense these costs as incurred, except for the cost of set-top receivers leased to existing subscribers which we capitalize in "Property and
equipment, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We include the amount of our set-top receivers capitalized each period for upgrade and retention activities in the Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows under the caption "Cash paid for property and equipment." See Note 5 for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit and highly liquid investments we purchase with original maturities of three months
or less.
Inventories
We state inventories at the lower of average cost or market. Inventories consist of finished goods for DIRECTV System equipment and
DIRECTV System access cards.
Property and Equipment, Satellites and Depreciation
We carry property and equipment, and satellites at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. The amounts we capitalize for satellites
currently being constructed and those that have been successfully launched include the costs of construction, launch, launch insurance, incentive obligations and capitalized interest. We generally
compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We amortize leasehold improvements over the lesser of the life of the asset or term of
the lease.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are carried at historical cost and are subject to write-down, as
needed, based upon an impairment analysis that we must perform at least annually, or sooner if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not result in an impairment loss. We
perform our annual impairment analysis in the fourth quarter of each year. If an impairment loss results from the annual impairment test, we would record the loss as a pre-tax charge to
operating income.
We
amortize other intangible assets using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 5 to 20 years.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used, other than goodwill and intangible assets with
indefinite lives, when events and circumstances warrant such a review. We consider the carrying value of a long-lived asset impaired when the anticipated undiscounted future cash flow from
such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, we would recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the
long-lived asset. We determine fair value primarily using estimated future cash flows associated with the asset under review, discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved, or
other valuation techniques. We determine losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of in a similar manner, except that we reduce the fair value for the cost of disposal.
Foreign Currency
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for most of our foreign operations. We recognize gains and losses resulting
from remeasurement of these operations' foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities and transactions into the U.S. dollar in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
68
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
We
also have foreign operations where the local currency is their functional currency. Accordingly, these foreign entities translate assets and liabilities from their local currencies to
U.S. dollars using year end exchange rates while income and expense accounts are translated at the average rates in effect during the year. We record the resulting translation adjustment as part of
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which we refer to as OCI, a separate component of stockholders' equity.
Investments and Financial Instruments
We maintain investments in equity securities of unaffiliated companies. We carry non-marketable equity securities at cost.
We consider marketable equity securities available-for-sale and they are carried at current fair value based on quoted market prices with unrealized gains or losses (excluding
other-than-temporary losses), net of taxes, reported as part of OCI. We regularly review our investments to determine whether a decline in fair value below the cost basis is
"other-than-temporary." We consider, among other factors: the magnitude and duration of the decline; the financial health and business outlook of the investee, including
industry and sector performance, changes in technology, and operational and financing cash flow factors; and our intent and ability to hold the investment. If we judge the decline in fair value to be
other-than-temporary, we write-down the cost basis of the security to fair value and recognize the amount in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as part of
"Other, net" and record it as a reclassification adjustment from OCI.
We
account for investments in which we own at least 20% of the voting securities or have significant influence under the equity method of accounting. We record equity method investments
at cost and adjust for the appropriate share of the net earnings or losses of the investee. We record investee losses up to the amount of the investment plus advances and loans made to the investee,
and financial guarantees made on behalf of the investee.
The
carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, investments and other assets, accounts payable, and amounts included in accrued liabilities and other meeting the
definition of a financial instrument approximated their fair values at December 31, 2010 and 2009.
Debt Issuance Costs
We defer costs we incur to issue debt and amortize these costs to interest expense using the straight-line method over the
term of the respective obligation.
Share-Based Payment
We grant restricted stock units and common stock options to certain employees and directors.
We
record compensation expense equal to the fair value of stock-based awards at the date approved on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of up to three
years, reduced for estimated forfeitures and adjusted for anticipated payout percentages related to the achievement of performance targets.
Income Taxes
We determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and
liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which we expect the differences to reverse. We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax provisions, assessing
the likelihood of recovering our deferred tax assets, and evaluating tax positions.
We
recognize a benefit in "Income tax expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for uncertain tax positions that are more-likely-than-not
to be sustained upon examination, measured at the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits represent tax benefits taken or
expected to be taken in income tax returns, for which the benefit has not yet been recognized in "Income tax expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to the uncertainty of whether
such benefits will be ultimately realized. We recognize interest and penalties accrued
69
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
related
to unrecognized tax benefits in "Income tax expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in "Income tax expense" in the Consolidated Statement
of Operations at such time that the benefit is effectively settled.
Advertising Costs
We expense advertising costs primarily in "Subscriber acquisition costs" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as incurred.
Advertising expenses, net of payments received from programming content providers for marketing support, were $342 million in 2010, $317 million in 2009 and $301 million in 2008.
Market Concentrations and Credit Risk
We sell programming services and extend credit, in amounts generally not exceeding $200 each, to a large number of individual
residential subscribers throughout the United States and most of Latin America. As applicable, we maintain allowances for anticipated losses.
Fair Value Measurement
We determine the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities based on the three level valuation hierarchy established for
classification of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Inputs refer broadly to
the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and may be observable or unobservable. The three level hierarchy of inputs is as follows:
Level 1:
Valuation is based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2:
Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable, for substantially the full term of the asset or
liability.
Level 3:
Valuation is based upon other unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
Accounting Changes
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.
On January 1, 2010, we adopted the revisions issued by the Financial Accounting
Standards Board,
or FASB, to consolidation accounting standards for variable interest entities, or VIEs. The new standard replaces the quantitative-based risks and rewards calculation for determining which enterprise,
if any, has a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity. Instead, the new approach is qualitative and focused on identifying which enterprise has the power to direct the activities
of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity's performance and (1) the obligation to absorb the losses of an entity or (2) the right to receive benefits from the entity. As a
result of the changed requirements, it is possible that an entity's previous assessment of a VIE will change, and the standard now requires ongoing reassessments of whether an enterprise is the
primary beneficiary of a VIE. The adoption of these changes on January 1, 2010 did not have an effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial position.
Noncontrolling interests.
On January 1, 2009 we adopted new accounting standards for the accounting and reporting of
noncontrolling interests
in subsidiaries, also known as minority interests, in consolidated financial statements. The new standards also provide guidance on accounting for changes in the parent's ownership interest in a
subsidiary and establishes standards of accounting for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary due to the loss of control. Reporting entities must now present certain noncontrolling interests as a
component of equity and present net income and consolidated comprehensive income attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interest separately in the consolidated financial statements. These
new standards are required to be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. As a result of our
adoption of these standards, "Net income" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations now includes net income attributable to noncontrolling interest as compared to the previous presentation, where
net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest was deducted in the determination of net income. Additionally, the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are now
70
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
presented
using net income as calculated pursuant to the new accounting requirements.
On
January 1, 2009 we adopted the revisions made by the SEC to accounting standards regarding the financial statement classification and measurement of equity securities that are
subject to mandatory redemption requirements or whose redemption is outside the control of the issuer. The revisions to the accounting guidance require that redeemable noncontrolling interests, such
as Globo Comunicacoes e Participacoes S.A.'s, or Globo's, redeemable noncontrolling interest in Sky Brazil described in Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements that
are redeemable at the option of the holder be recorded outside of permanent equity at fair value, and the redeemable noncontrolling interests be adjusted to their fair value at each balance sheet
date. Adjustments to the carrying amount of a redeemable noncontrolling interest are recorded to retained earnings (or additional paid-in-capital in the absence of retained
earnings). As a result of the adoption of this accounting requirement, we have reported Globo's redeemable noncontrolling interest in Sky Brazil in "Redeemable noncontrolling interest" at fair value
in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for each period presented. See Note 19 for additional information.
Business Combinations.
On January 1, 2009 we adopted a new business combination accounting standard that requires the acquiring
entity in a
business combination to record 100% of all assets and liabilities acquired, including goodwill and any non-controlling interest, generally at their fair values for all business
combinations, whether partial, full or step acquisitions. Under the new standard, certain contingent assets and liabilities, as well as contingent consideration, are also required to be recognized at
fair value on the date of acquisition and acquisition-related transaction and restructuring costs will be expensed. Additionally, disclosures are required describing the nature and financial effect of
the business combination and the standard also changes the accounting for certain income tax assets recorded in purchase accounting. The adoption of the new accounting requirements as required, on
January 1, 2009, changed the way we account for adjustments to deferred tax asset valuation allowances recorded in purchase accounting for prior business combinations so that adjustments to
these deferred tax asset valuation allowances will no longer be recorded to goodwill but rather adjustments will be recorded in "Income tax expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Additionally, the adoption of the new accounting guidance changed the accounting for all business combinations we consummate after January 1, 2009.
Sky Brazil Functional Currency.
Based on cumulatively significant changes in economic facts and circumstances, we have determined that
the local
Brazilian currency should be the functional currency of Sky Brazil for purposes of financial statement translation beginning in the second quarter
of 2009. As a result of this change in functional currency, on April 1, 2009 we recorded a $165 million decrease to previously reported values for nonmonetary assets and a
$53 million increase in our related deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and an offsetting $112 million decrease to the "Cumulative translation adjustment", a component of
"Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in stockholders' equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, as a result of this change in functional currency, changes in exchange rates will result
in gains or losses, which will be recorded in "Other, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the revaluation of U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities, such as
cash deposits, notes payable and capital lease obligations held by Sky Brazil. During 2009, we recorded a net foreign currency transaction gain of $62 million in "Other, net" in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations related to U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities held by Sky Brazil.
New Accounting Standards
Multiple Element Revenue Arrangements.
In September 2009, the FASB approved a revised standard for revenue arrangements with multiple
deliverables.
Under the revised standard, the criteria for determining whether a deliverable should be considered a separate unit of accounting has changed to remove a limitation for separation to only items with
objective and reliable evidence of fair value. Instead, the revised standard allows entities to use the "best estimate of selling price" in addition to third-party evidence or actual selling prices
for determining the fair value of a deliverable. The standard also includes additional disclosure requirements
71
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
for
revenue arrangements for multiple deliverables. We do not expect the adoption of the revised standard to have an effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial position, when
adopted, as required, on January 1, 2011.
Note 3: Acquisitions
In connection with our acquisition of Sky Brazil in 2006, Globo was granted the right, until January 2014, to require us to purchase
all or a portion (but not less than half) of its 25.9% interest in Sky Brazil. In June 2010, Globo notified us that it was exercising its right
to exchange 178,830,000 shares representing approximately 19% of the ownership interests in Sky Brazil. In accordance with our agreement, Globo will have the right to exchange all (but not less than
all) of its remaining equity interest in Sky Brazil until January 2014.
As
a result of Globo's notice, the fair value of the approximate 19% interest was determined to be $605 million by an independent investment bank according to a process specified
by Globo and us in the related agreement. During the fourth quarter of 2010, we paid the purchase price in cash, which was recorded as a reduction to "Redeemable noncontrolling interest" in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet, for their approximate 19% interest in Sky Brazil. In addition, we recorded $79 million of net deferred tax assets related to the acquisition of this interest as an
offset to "Additional paid in capital" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We and our subsidiaries now own approximately 93% of Sky Brazil and Globo owns the remaining 7%.
On November 19, 2009, DIRECTV Group and Liberty Media, obtained stockholder approval of and closed a series of related
transactions which we refer to collectively as the Liberty Transaction. The Liberty Transaction included the split-off of certain of the assets of the Liberty Entertainment group into LEI,
which was then split-off from Liberty. Following the split-off, DIRECTV Group and LEI merged with subsidiaries of DIRECTV. As a result of Liberty Transaction, DIRECTV Group,
which is comprised of the DIRECTV U.S. and DIRECTV Latin America businesses, and LEI, which held Liberty's 57% interest in DIRECTV Group, a 100% interest in three regional sports networks, a 65%
interest in Game Show Network, LLC, approximately $120 million in cash and cash equivalents and approximately $2.1 billion of indebtedness and a related series of equity collars,
became wholly-owned subsidiaries of DIRECTV.
DIRECTV
Group entered into the Liberty Transaction to eliminate the approximate 57% ownership interest in DIRECTV Group held by Liberty Media, thereby reducing the concentration of
voting power in a single stockholder or group of affiliated stockholders. The merger also resulted in greater liquidity of the DIRECTV common stock, greater operating and governance independence and
the elimination of the risk that Liberty could transfer control of DIRECTV without DIRECTV public stockholders participating in any control premium.
The
holders of outstanding shares of DIRECTV Group common stock (other than direct or indirect subsidiaries of LEI) received one share of DIRECTV Class A common stock for each
share of DIRECTV Group common stock held. The holders of outstanding shares of LEI Series A common stock and Series B common stock (other than the Malones) received 1.11130 shares of
DIRECTV Class A common stock for each share of LEI Series A or Series B common stock held. The Malones received 1.11130 shares of DIRECTV Class B common stock for each
share of LEI Series B common stock held. Based on these terms, DIRECTV issued 408.4 million Class A shares to the holders of DIRECTV Group common stock other than LEI, and
501.1 million Class A and 21.8 million Class B shares to the former LEI shareholders. The 931.3 million total Class A and Class B shares issued by
DIRECTV was 25.8 million less than the 957.1 million DIRECTV Group common shares outstanding immediately preceding the merger, as the exchange ratio contemplated the fact that LEI would
be contributing net liabilities (excluding LEI's interest in DIRECTV Group) to DIRECTV.
The
Liberty Transaction has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting pursuant to accounting standards for business
72
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
combinations.
DIRECTV Group has been treated as the acquiring corporation in the Liberty Transaction for accounting and financial reporting purposes, and accordingly the historical financial
statements of DIRECTV
Group have become the historical financial statements of DIRECTV. The acquisition date fair value of consideration paid, in the form of DIRECTV common stock, for the assets and liabilities of LEI
(excluding LEI's interest in DIRECTV Group) has been allocated to a premium expensed at the close of the transaction as discussed in more detail below and to LEI's other tangible and intangible assets
acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated acquisition date fair values, with any excess being treated as goodwill. The assets, liabilities and results of operations of LEI have been
consolidated beginning on the acquisition date, November 19, 2009.
The
following table sets forth the final allocation of the purchase price to the LEI net liabilities assumed on November 19, 2009 (dollars in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
$
|
244
|
|
Property and equipment
|
|
|
5
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
295
|
|
Investments and other assets
|
|
|
754
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets acquired
|
|
$
|
1,298
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
$
|
2,492
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
259
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities assumed
|
|
$
|
2,751
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net liabilities assumed
|
|
$
|
1,453
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs
incurred to complete the transaction, including legal, accounting, financial printing, investment banking and other costs, totaled $43 million and have been included as an
expense in "Liberty transaction and related gains (charges)" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2009.
We
currently expect that none of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily related to the value of the three regional sports networks' intangibles that do
not qualify for separate recognition, such as exploitable advertising space, assembled production and distribution networks and assembled workforces.
The
exchange ratio of LEI common stock to DIRECTV Group common stock was determined in a manner such that LEI stockholders as a group received a premium in the form of a larger economic
interest in DIRECTV than would have been otherwise determined based on the relative fair values of DIRECTV Group and LEI. This premium, calculated as the value of the economic interest in DIRECTV
distributed to LEI stockholders based on the fair value of the merged assets of DIRECTV as of November 19, 2009, in excess of the acquisition date fair value of the assets and liabilities of
LEI, amounted to $337 million and has been expensed as a disproportionate distribution upon completion of the mergers in "Liberty transaction and related gains (charges)" in the Consolidated
Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2009.
The
premium was calculated as follows (dollars in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
Former LEI shareholder interest in the fair value of the net assets of DIRECTV
|
|
$
|
16,054
|
|
Less: Fair value of net assets contributed by LEI, including 57% interest in DIRECTV Group
|
|
|
15,717
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premium
|
|
$
|
337
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
part of the mergers, DIRECTV assumed 16.7 million common stock options and stock appreciation rights issued by LEI. Since many of the replacement awards are held by individuals
who remained employees of Liberty and did not become employees or directors of DIRECTV, they are reported as a liability at fair value by DIRECTV in accordance with accounting standards for
non-employee awards. See Note 15 for additional information regarding these stock based awards.
Also,
the assumed indebtedness included related equity collars which were in a liability position with an estimated negative fair value of approximately $369 million as of the
acquisition date. We completed settlement of those equity collars during the first quarter of 2010. We
73
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
accounted
for the derivative financial instruments of the equity collars acquired as a net asset or liability at fair value.
For
the year ended December 31, 2010, amounts recorded as "Liberty transaction and related gains (charges)" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations totaled
$67 million, related to net gains recorded for the final settlement of the equity collars. See Note 9 for additional information regarding the indebtedness and equity collars.
For
the year ended December 31, 2009, amounts charged to "Liberty transaction and related gains (charges)" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations totaled
$491 million, and include the $337 million premium, $111 million of net losses recorded for the partial settlement and fair value adjustment of the equity collars and
non-employee stock based awards from the acquisition date to December 31, 2009 and the $43 million of acquisition related costs.
Cash
paid, net of cash acquired in connection with the transaction was $97 million and includes a $226 million repayment of LEI's existing loan from Liberty at the close of
the transaction and $43 million of cash paid for transaction costs, partially offset by $120 million in cash at LEI, and $56 million of cash at the regional sports networks.
We
assigned $228 million to definite lived intangible assets of the regional sports networks for affiliate and advertising relationships. The weighted average life of these
intangibles is 19 years. These intangibles are included in the Trade name and other component of "Intangible assets, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The
following selected unaudited pro forma information is being provided to present a summary of the combined results of DIRECTV and Liberty Entertainment for the years ended
December 31, 2009 and 2008 as if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the period, giving effect to purchase accounting adjustments. The pro forma data is presented for
informational purposes only and may not necessarily reflect the results of our operations had LEI operated as part of us for the period presented, nor are they necessarily indicative of the results of
future operations. The pro forma information excludes the effect of non-recurring charges.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
21,753
|
|
$
|
19,905
|
|
Net income attributable to DIRECTV
|
|
|
1,113
|
|
|
1,651
|
|
180 Connect.
In July 2008, we acquired 100% of 180 Connect Inc.'s outstanding common stock and exchangeable shares. Simultaneously,
in a
separate transaction, UniTek USA, LLC acquired 100% of 180 Connect's cable service operating unit and operations in certain of our installation services markets in exchange for satellite
installation operations in certain
markets and $7 million in cash. These transactions provided us with ownership and control over a significant portion of DIRECTV U.S.' home service provider network. We paid $91 million
in cash, net of the $7 million we received from UniTek USA, for the acquisition, including the equity purchase price, repayment of assumed debt and related transaction costs.
We
accounted for the 180 Connect acquisition using the purchase method of accounting, and began consolidating the results from the date of acquisition. The consolidated financial
statements reflect the final allocation of the $91 million net purchase price to assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition
using information currently available. The assets acquired included approximately $5 million in cash. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets has been
recorded as goodwill, $28 million of which will be deductible for tax purposes.
74
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
The
following table sets forth the final allocation of the purchase price to the 180 Connect net assets acquired in July 2008 (dollars in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
Property and equipment
|
|
|
16
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
97
|
|
Investments and other assets
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets acquired
|
|
$
|
182
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
$
|
83
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities assumed
|
|
$
|
91
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets acquired
|
|
$
|
91
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following selected unaudited pro forma information is being provided to present a summary of the combined results of DIRECTV and 180 Connect for 2008 as if the acquisition had
occurred as of the beginning of the respective periods, giving effect to purchase accounting adjustments. The pro forma data is presented for informational purposes only and may not necessarily
reflect the results of our operations had 180 Connect operated as part of us for each of the periods presented, nor are they necessarily indicative of the results of future operations. The pro forma
information excludes the effect of non-recurring charges.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
19,693
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
1,479
|
|
Note 4: Accounts Receivable, Net
The following table sets forth the amounts recorded for "Accounts receivable, net" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Subscriber
|
|
$
|
1,302
|
|
$
|
1,036
|
|
Trade and other
|
|
|
775
|
|
|
645
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
2,077
|
|
|
1,681
|
|
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts
|
|
|
(76
|
)
|
|
(56
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable, net
|
|
$
|
2,001
|
|
$
|
1,625
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
75
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
Note 5: Satellites, Net and Property and Equipment, Net
The following table sets forth the amounts recorded for "Satellites, net" and "Property and equipment, net" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at
December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated
Useful Lives
(years)
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Satellites
|
|
|
10-16
|
|
$
|
3,233
|
|
$
|
2,839
|
|
Satellites under construction
|
|
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
354
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,303
|
|
|
3,193
|
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,068
|
)
|
|
(855
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Satellites, net
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,235
|
|
$
|
2,338
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land and improvements
|
|
|
9-30
|
|
$
|
43
|
|
$
|
37
|
|
Buildings and leasehold improvements
|
|
|
2-40
|
|
|
365
|
|
|
361
|
|
Machinery and equipment
|
|
|
2-23
|
|
|
1,923
|
|
|
1,771
|
|
Capitalized software
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
1,889
|
|
|
1,566
|
|
Subscriber leased set-top receivers
|
|
|
3-7
|
|
|
6,971
|
|
|
5,636
|
|
Construction in-progress
|
|
|
|
|
|
290
|
|
|
360
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,481
|
|
|
9,731
|
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,037
|
)
|
|
(5,593
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment, net
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,444
|
|
$
|
4,138
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We
capitalized interest costs of $6 million in 2010, $18 million in 2009 and $18 million in 2008 as part of the cost of our property and satellites under
construction. Depreciation expense was $2,292 million in 2010, $2,287 million in 2009 and $1,907 million in 2008.
The
following table sets forth the amount of DIRECTV U.S. set-top receivers capitalized, and depreciation expense recorded, under its lease program for each of the periods
presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capitalized subscriber leased equipment:
|
|
Years ended December 31,
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Subscriber leased equipmentsubscriber acquisitions
|
|
$
|
651
|
|
$
|
564
|
|
$
|
599
|
|
Subscriber leased equipmentupgrade and retention
|
|
|
316
|
|
|
419
|
|
|
537
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total subscriber leased equipment capitalized
|
|
$
|
967
|
|
$
|
983
|
|
$
|
1,136
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation expensesubscriber leased equipment
|
|
$
|
1,145
|
|
$
|
1,333
|
|
$
|
1,100
|
|
We
depreciate capitalized set-top receivers at DIRECTV U.S. over a three year estimated useful life, which is based on, among other things, management's judgment of the risk
of technological obsolescence. Changes in the estimated useful lives of set-top receivers capitalized could result in significant changes to the amounts recorded as depreciation expense.
We regularly evaluate the estimated useful life of our set-top receivers and it is possible that we may change the useful life of set-top receivers at DIRECTV U.S. in the near
term. If we had changed the depreciable life of DIRECTV U.S.' set-top receivers as of January 1, 2010 to four years, annual depreciation for 2010 would have decreased by over
$300 million.
76
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
Note 6: Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The following table sets forth the changes in the carrying amounts of "Goodwill" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets by segment for the years ended
December 31, 2010 and 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIRECTV
U.S.
|
|
DIRECTV
Latin
America
|
|
Sports
Networks,
Eliminations
and Other
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Balance as of January 1, 2009
|
|
$
|
3,189
|
|
$
|
564
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
3,753
|
|
Liberty Transaction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
341
|
|
|
341
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
Purchase or acquisition accounting adjustments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New acquisitions
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
Finalization of prior acquisitions
|
|
|
(46
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(46
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2009
|
|
|
3,167
|
|
|
656
|
|
|
341
|
|
|
4,164
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
Acquisition accounting adjustments
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
(46
|
)
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2010
|
|
$
|
3,176
|
|
$
|
677
|
|
$
|
295
|
|
$
|
4,148
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sky Brazil has entered into an agreement for the right to use a replacement satellite in the event its existing leased satellite
suffers a significant failure. The satellite was launched in March 2010 and we recorded the total obligations for the right to use the satellite of $116 million in "Intangible Assets" in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets, including payments made to date of $29 million. As of December 31, 2010, the remaining $87 million of required payments is recorded in "Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the accrual of which is considered a non-cash investing activity for purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash
Flows for the year ended December 31, 2010. The intangible asset is being amortized on a straight line basis over the 15 year period of the agreement.
The
following table sets forth the components for "Intangible assets, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated
Useful Lives
(years)
|
|
December 31, 2010
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
Gross
Amount
|
|
Accumulated
Amortization
|
|
Net
Amount
|
|
Gross
Amount
|
|
Accumulated
Amortization
|
|
Net
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Orbital slots
|
|
|
Indefinite
|
|
$
|
432
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
432
|
|
$
|
432
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
432
|
|
72.5° WL Orbital license
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
208
|
|
$
|
208
|
|
|
|
|
Satellite rights
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
124
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
118
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subscriber related
|
|
|
5-10
|
|
|
443
|
|
|
317
|
|
|
126
|
|
|
1,761
|
|
|
1,526
|
|
|
235
|
|
Dealer network
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
40
|
|
Trade name and other
|
|
|
5-20
|
|
|
384
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
343
|
|
|
370
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
353
|
|
Distribution rights
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
334
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
334
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total intangible assets
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,847
|
|
$
|
773
|
|
$
|
1,074
|
|
$
|
3,235
|
|
$
|
2,104
|
|
$
|
1,131
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization expense of intangible assets was $190 million in 2010, $352 million in 2009 and $412 million in 2008.
Estimated
amortization expense for intangible assets in each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows: $138 million in 2011; $91 million in 2012;
$46 million in 2013; $38 million in 2014, $30 million in 2015 and $299 million thereafter.
We
performed our annual impairment tests for goodwill and orbital slots in the fourth quarters of 2010, 2009 and 2008. The estimated fair values for each reporting unit and the orbital
slots exceeded our carrying values, and accordingly, no impairment losses were recorded during 2010, 2009 or 2008. Additionally, there are no accumulated impairment losses as of December 31,
2010 and 2009.
77
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
Note 7: Investments
Equity Method Investments
The following table sets forth the book value of our investments which we account for under the equity method of accounting:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Sky Mexico
|
|
$
|
501
|
|
$
|
484
|
|
GSN
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
462
|
|
Other equity method investments
|
|
|
139
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investments accounted for the equity method of accounting
|
|
$
|
1,086
|
|
$
|
1,076
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We
paid cash of $11 million in 2009 and $96 million in 2008 to acquire interests in companies we account for under the equity method of accounting.
The
following table sets forth equity in earnings and losses of our investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting for the periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Sky Mexico
|
|
$
|
33
|
|
$
|
32
|
|
$
|
63
|
|
GSN
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity earnings for investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting
|
|
$
|
90
|
|
$
|
51
|
|
$
|
55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sky Mexico.
DIRECTV accounts for the excess of the carrying value for its investment in Sky Mexico over DIRECTV's share of Sky Mexico's
equity in
memo accounts allocated to goodwill and definite lived intangibles attributable to affiliate and advertising relationships. We recognized $25 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008 of amortization on
definite lived intangibles in equity earnings of Sky Mexico.
Game Show Network.
As result of the Liberty Transaction on November 19, 2009, DIRECTV and Sony Pictures Entertainment, or Sony, a
division of
Sony Corporation of America, which is a subsidiary of Sony Corporation, own 65% and 35% of GSN, respectively. GSN owns and operates a basic cable network dedicated to game-related
programming and Internet interactive game playing. Due to certain governance arrangements which limit DIRECTV's ability to control GSN, we account for GSN as an equity method investment.
DIRECTV
accounts for the excess of the carrying value for its investment in GSN over DIRECTV's share of GSN's equity in memo accounts allocated to goodwill and definite lived intangibles
attributable to affiliate and advertising relationships. We recognized $12 million in 2010 and $1 million in 2009 of amortization on definite lived intangibles in equity earnings of GSN.
We
received cash dividends of $78 million in 2010, $94 million in 2009 and $35 million in 2008 from companies that we account for under the equity method.
Other Investments
We had investments in marketable equity securities of $29 million as of December 31, 2010 and $31 million as of
December 31, 2009, which were stated at current fair value and classified as available-for-sale. We calculated the fair values based on quoted market prices of our
investments, which is a Level 1 input under accounting standards for fair value measurement.
Accumulated
unrealized gains, net of taxes, included as part of accumulated other comprehensive income were $9 million as of December 31, 2010, $8 million as of
December 31, 2009 and $1 million as of December 31, 2008.
In
2009, we recognized a $45 million charge for the other than temporary impairment of certain of our investments.
78
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
Note 8: Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities; Other Liabilities and Deferred Credits
The following represent significant components of "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Programming costs
|
|
$
|
1,751
|
|
$
|
1,788
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
951
|
|
|
582
|
|
Equity collars (see Note 9 for additional information)
|
|
|
|
|
|
400
|
|
Property and income taxes
|
|
|
217
|
|
|
157
|
|
Payroll and employee benefits
|
|
|
272
|
|
|
204
|
|
Interest payable
|
|
|
138
|
|
|
47
|
|
Other
|
|
|
597
|
|
|
579
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
$
|
3,926
|
|
$
|
3,757
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following represent significant components of "Other liabilities and deferred credits" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Obligations under capital leases
|
|
$
|
523
|
|
$
|
537
|
|
Other accrued taxes
|
|
|
409
|
|
|
595
|
|
Pension and other postretirement benefits
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
135
|
|
Deferred credits
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
78
|
|
Programming costs
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
76
|
|
Other
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
257
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other liabilities and deferred credits
|
|
$
|
1,287
|
|
$
|
1,678
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
of December 31, 2010, there were $30 million of amounts payable to vendors for property and equipment and $17 million of amounts payable for satellites in
"Accounts payable and accrued liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which is considered a non-cash investing activity for purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the year ended December 31, 2010.
Note 9: Debt
The following table sets forth our outstanding debt:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Senior notes
|
|
$
|
10,472
|
|
$
|
4,492
|
|
Senior secured credit facility, net of unamortized discount of $7 million as of December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,316
|
|
Collar Loan
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,202
|
|
Other
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt
|
|
|
10,510
|
|
|
8,010
|
|
Less: Current portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
|
(1,510
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
$
|
10,472
|
|
$
|
6,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All
of the senior notes and the senior secured credit facility were issued by DIRECTV U.S. The senior secured credit facility was secured by substantially all of DIRECTV U.S.' assets. As
discussed below, in financing transactions in March and August 2010, DIRECTV U.S. repaid the remaining balance of the Term Loans under its senior secured credit facility, which was terminated in
February 2011. As of February 7, 2011, DIRECTV U.S. had the ability to borrow up to $2 billion under a new revolving credit facility discussed below.
As part of the Liberty Transaction completed on November 19, 2009, we assumed a credit facility and related equity collars,
which we refer to as the Collar Loan.
The
equity collars, which used DIRECTV Group shares as the underlying security, were entered into by Liberty prior to the Liberty Transaction for the purpose of providing credit security
to the lending bank
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
on
the Collar Loan and, as a consequence, hedging Liberty's exposure to default on the Collar Loan by limiting Liberty's exposure to downward movements in the price of DIRECTV Group stock in exchange
for Liberty's increased exposure to upward movements in the price of DIRECTV Group stock. As the derivative financial instruments were in respect of DIRECTV Group stock, the original hedging function
of the equity collars ceased upon the completion of the Liberty Transaction by reason of the acquisition of the DIRECTV Group stock underlying the hedge by DIRECTV, and we became exposed to
significant potential cash liability upon any upward movements in the price of DIRECTV Class A common stock.
Thus,
the equity collars, when acquired by DIRECTV in the Liberty Transaction, posed an unhedged risk of substantial economic loss upon upward movements in the price of DIRECTV
Class A common stock, which was adverse to the company's short and long-term operational and stock price goals and was therefore an uneconomic and burdensome obligation to DIRECTV.
Accordingly, in connection with the assumption of the Collar Loan, we agreed with the lending bank to promptly repay the Collar Loan and settle the equity collars. From the acquisition date to
December 31, 2009, we repaid a total of $751 million, including $676 million in principal payments and $75 million in payments to settle a portion of the equity collars. We
also recorded a $105 million loss during the year ended December 31, 2009 in "Liberty transaction and related charges" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the partial
settlement of the collar and the adjustment of the remaining collar derivative financial instruments to their fair value as of December 31, 2009 to a liability of $400 million. During
the first quarter of 2010, we paid $1,537 million to repay the remaining principal balance of the loan and settle the equity collars, which had a fair value of $400 million as of
December 31, 2009 and as a result, recorded a gain of $67 million in "Liberty transaction
and related gains (charges)" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in 2010 related to the Collar Loan.
We
accounted for the equity collars pursuant to the accounting standards for derivatives and hedging, which require that all derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or
not, are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The equity collars were not designated as a hedge, and therefore changes in the fair value of the derivative were recognized in earnings. We
determined the December 31, 2009 fair value of the equity collars using the Black-Scholes Model. Our use of the Black-Scholes Model to value the equity collars was considered a Level 2
valuation technique, which used observable inputs such as exchange-traded equity prices, risk-free interest rates, dividend yields and volatilities.
See
Note 3 for further discussion of the Liberty Transaction.
On August 17, 2010, pursuant to a registration statement, DIRECTV U.S. issued the following senior notes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Proceeds, net
of discount
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
3.125% senior notes due in 2016
|
|
$
|
750
|
|
$
|
750
|
|
4.600% senior notes due in 2021
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
999
|
|
6.000% senior notes due in 2040
|
|
|
1,250
|
|
|
1,233
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,000
|
|
$
|
2,982
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We
incurred $19 million of debt issuance costs in connection with these transactions.
On
August 20, 2010, DIRECTV U.S. repaid the $1,220 million of remaining principal on Term Loans A and B of its senior secured credit facility. The repayment of Term Loans A
and B resulted in a third quarter 2010 pre-tax charge of $7 million, $4 million after tax, resulting from the write-off of deferred debt issuance and other
transaction costs. The charge was recorded in "Other, net" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
On
March 11, 2010, DIRECTV U.S. issued the following senior notes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Proceeds, net
of discount
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
3.550% senior notes due in 2015
|
|
$
|
1,200
|
|
$
|
1,199
|
|
5.200% senior notes due in 2020
|
|
|
1,300
|
|
|
1,298
|
|
6.350% senior notes due in 2040
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,000
|
|
$
|
2,996
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We
incurred $17 million of debt issuance costs in connection with these transactions.
On
March 16, 2010, DIRECTV U.S. repaid the $985 million of remaining principal on Term Loan C of its senior secured credit facility. The repayment of Term Loan C resulted
in a first quarter 2010 pre-tax charge of $9 million, $6 million after tax, of which $6 million resulted from the write-off of unamortized discount and
$3 million resulted from the write-off of deferred debt issuance and other transaction costs. The charge was recorded in "Other, net" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
On September 22, 2009, DIRECTV U.S. issued the following senior notes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Proceeds, net
of discount
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
4.750% senior notes due in 2014
|
|
$
|
1,000
|
|
$
|
997
|
|
5.875% senior notes due in 2019
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
993
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,000
|
|
$
|
1,990
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We
incurred $14 million of debt issuance costs in connection with these transactions.
On
September 22, 2009, DIRECTV U.S. purchased, pursuant to a tender offer, $583 million of its then outstanding $910 million 8.375% senior notes at a price of
103.125% plus accrued and unpaid interest, for a total of $603 million. On September 23, 2009, DIRECTV U.S. exercised its right to redeem the remaining $327 million of the 8.375%
senior notes at a price of 102.792% plus accrued and unpaid interest. On October 23, 2009, DIRECTV U.S. redeemed the remaining $327 million of its 8.375% senior notes at a price of
102.792% plus accrued and unpaid interest for a total of $339 million.
The
redemption of our 8.375% senior notes resulted in a 2009 pre-tax charge of $34 million, $21 million after tax, of which $27 million resulted from the
premium paid for redemption of our 8.375% senior notes and $7 million resulted from the write-off of deferred debt issuance and other transaction costs. The charge was recorded in
"Other, net" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In May 2008, DIRECTV U.S. completed financing transactions that included the issuance of senior notes and an amendment to its existing
senior secured credit facility, resulting in the following new borrowings:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Proceeds, net
of discount
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
7.625% senior notes due in 2016
|
|
$
|
1,500
|
|
$
|
1,500
|
|
Senior secured credit facilityTerm Loan C
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
990
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,500
|
|
$
|
2,490
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We
incurred $19 million of debt issuance costs in connection with these transactions.
81
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
Senior Notes.
The following table sets forth our outstanding senior notes balance as of December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding Balance
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
4.750% senior notes due in 2014, net of unamortized discount of $2 million as of December 31, 2010 and $3 million as of December 31,
2009
|
|
$
|
998
|
|
$
|
997
|
|
6.375% senior notes due in 2015, includes unamortized bond premium of $2 million as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009
|
|
|
1,002
|
|
|
1,002
|
|
3.550% senior notes due in 2015, net of unamortized discount of $1 million as of December 31, 2010
|
|
|
1,199
|
|
|
|
|
3.125% senior notes due in 2016
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
|
7.625% senior notes due in 2016
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
5.875% senior notes due in 2019, net of unamortized discount of $6 million as of December 31, 2010 and $7 million as of December 31,
2009
|
|
|
994
|
|
|
993
|
|
5.200% senior notes due in 2020, net of unamortized discount of $2 million as of December 31, 2010
|
|
|
1,298
|
|
|
|
|
4.600% senior notes due in 2021, net of unamortized discount of $1 million as of December 31, 2010
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
|
|
6.350% senior notes due in 2040, net of unamortized discount of $1 million as of December 31, 2010
|
|
|
499
|
|
|
|
|
6.000% senior notes due in 2040, net of unamortized discount of $17 million as of December 31, 2010
|
|
|
1,233
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total senior notes
|
|
$
|
10,472
|
|
$
|
4,492
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
fair value of our senior notes was approximately $10,881 million at December 31, 2010 and $4,713 million at December 31, 2009. We calculated the fair
values based on quoted market prices of our senior notes, which is a Level 1 input under the accounting guidance.
All
of our senior notes were issued by DIRECTV U.S. and have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. All of our senior notes are unsecured and have been fully and
unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by substantially all of DIRECTV U.S.' current and certain of its future domestic subsidiaries on a senior unsecured basis. Principal on the senior
notes is payable upon maturity, while interest is payable semi-annually.
Senior Secured Credit Facility.
At December 31, 2010, DIRECTV U.S.' senior secured credit facility consisted of a
$500 million undrawn
six-year revolving credit facility. We paid a commitment fee of 0.175% per year for the unused commitment under the revolving credit facility. The senior secured credit facility was
secured by substantially all of DIRECTV U.S.' assets and was fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally by substantially all of DIRECTV U.S.' material domestic subsidiaries.
Revolving Credit Facility.
In February 2011, DIRECTV U.S.' senior secured credit facility was terminated and replaced by a new
five year,
$2.0 billion revolving credit facility. We pay a commitment fee of .30% per year for the unused commitment under the revolving credit facility, and borrowings will bear interest at an annual
rate of (i) the London interbank offer rate (LIBOR) (or for Euro advances the EURIBOR rate) plus 1.50% or at our option (ii) the higher of the prime rate plus 0.50% or the Fed Funds Rate
plus 1.00%. The commitment fee and the annual interest rate may be increased or decreased under certain conditions, which include changes in DIRECTV U.S.' long-term, unsecured debt
ratings. The revolving credit facility is unsecured and has been fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by substantially all of DIRECTV U.S.' current and certain of its future
domestic subsidiaries on a senior unsecured basis.
Our
notes payable and short-term borrowings mature as follows: $38 million in 2011, $1,000 million in 2014, $2,200 million in 2015 and
$7,300 million thereafter. The amount of interest accrued related to our outstanding debt was $138 million at December 31, 2010 and $47 million at December 31, 2009.
Covenants and Restrictions.
The revolving credit facility requires DIRECTV U.S. to maintain at the end of each fiscal quarter a
specified
82
Table of Contents
DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)
ratio
of indebtedness to adjusted net income. The revolving credit facility also includes covenants that restrict DIRECTV U.S.' ability to, among other things, (i) incur additional subsidiary
indebtedness, (ii) incur liens, (iii) enter into certain transactions with affiliates, (iv) merge or consolidate with another entity, (v) sell, assign, lease or otherwise
dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, and (vi) change its lines of business. Additionally, the senior notes contain restrictive covenants that are similar. Should DIRECTV U.S. fail
to comply with these covenants, all or a portion of its borrowings under the senior notes could become immediately payable and its revolving credit facility could be terminated. As of
February 7, 2011, the closing date for the revolving credit facility, DIRECTV U.S. was in compliance with all such covenants. The senior notes and revolving credit facility also provide that
the borrowings may be required to be prepaid if certain change-in-control events occur.
Restricted Cash.
Restricted cash of $70 million as of December 31, 2010 and $16 million as of December 31, 2009 was
included as part of "Prepaid expenses and other" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts secure our letter of credit obligations and collateralize an international loan. Restrictions on the
cash will be removed as the letters of credit expire and the loan is repaid.
Note 10: Income Taxes
We base our income tax expense or benefit on reported "Income from continuing operations before income taxes." Deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflect
the impact of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for tax purposes, as measured by applying
currently enacted tax laws.
Our
income tax expense consisted of the following for the years ended December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
Current tax expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. federal
|
|
$
|
391
|
|
$
|
308
|
|
$
|
543
|
|
|
Foreign
|
|
|
227
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
128
|
|
|
State and local
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
638
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
743
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. federal
|
|
|
596
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
210
|
|
|
Foreign
|
|
|
(118
|
)
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
(97
|
)
|
|
State and local
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
564
|
|
|
359
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total income tax expense
|
|
$
|
1,202
|
|
$
|
827
|
|
$
|
864
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Income
from continuing operations before income taxes" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations included the following components for the years ended December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in Millions)
|
|
U.S. income
|
|
$
|
2,809
|
|
$
|
1,446
|
|
$
|
1,981
|
|
Foreign income
|
|
|
705
|
|
|
388
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
3,514
|
|
$
|
1,834
|
|
$
|
2,471
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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DIRECTV
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(continued)