Quarterly Report (10-q)

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2022

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File No. 1-13653

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.

Incorporated under the Laws of Ohio IRS Employer I.D. No. 31-1544320

301 East Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202

(513) 579-2121

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock

AFG

New York Stock Exchange

5.875% Subordinated Debentures due March 30, 2059

AFGB

New York Stock Exchange

5.625% Subordinated Debentures due June 1, 2060

AFGD

New York Stock Exchange

5.125% Subordinated Debentures due December 15, 2059

AFGC

New York Stock Exchange

4.50% Subordinated Debentures due September 15, 2060

AFGE

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of May 1, 2022, there were 85,102,026 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding, excluding 14.9 million shares owned by subsidiaries.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



			Page
Part I — Financial Information
Item 1 — Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheet			2
Consolidated Statement of Earnings			3
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income			4
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity			5
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows			6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			7
Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			29
Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk			52
Item 4 — Controls and Procedures			52

Part II — Other Information

Item 2 — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			53
Item 6 — Exhibits			54
Signature			54

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

PART I

ITEM 1. — FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in Millions)


	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,181	$	2,131
Investments:
Fixed maturities, available for sale at fair value (amortized cost — $10,954 and $10,193; allowance for expected credit losses of $7 and $9)	10,809		10,357
Fixed maturities, trading at fair value	30		28
Equity securities, at fair value	1,022		1,042
Investments accounted for using the equity method	1,619		1,517
Mortgage loans	784		520
Real estate and other investments	156		150
Total cash and investments	15,601		15,745
Recoverables from reinsurers	3,478		3,519
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	933		834
Agents’ balances and premiums receivable	1,391		1,265
Deferred policy acquisition costs	271		267
Assets of managed investment entities	5,231		5,296
Other receivables	645		857
Other assets	966		902
Goodwill	246		246
Total assets	$	28,762	$	28,931

Liabilities and Equity:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	10,986	$	11,074
Unearned premiums	3,206		3,041
Payable to reinsurers	910		920
Liabilities of managed investment entities	5,112		5,220
Long-term debt	1,917		1,964
Other liabilities	1,796		1,700
Total liabilities	23,927		23,919

Shareholders’ equity:
Common Stock, no par value — 200,000,000 shares authorized — 85,102,829 and 84,920,965 shares outstanding	85		85
Capital surplus	1,340		1,330
Retained earnings	3,541		3,478
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(131)		119
Total shareholders’ equity	4,835		5,012


Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	28,762	$	28,931

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)

(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)


	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Revenues:
Property and casualty insurance net earned premiums		$	1,302	$	1,173
Net investment income		230		188

Realized gains (losses) on securities		(15)		77

Income of managed investment entities:
Investment income		46		46
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of assets/liabilities		(5)		2
Other income		30		23
Total revenues		1,588		1,509

Costs and Expenses:
Property and casualty insurance:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		693		667
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		414		380
Interest charges on borrowed money		23		24
Expenses of managed investment entities		39		39
Other expenses		58		64
Total costs and expenses		1,227		1,174
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes		361		335
Provision for income taxes		71		68
Net earnings from continuing operations		290		267
Net earnings from discontinued operations		—		152


Net Earnings		$	290	$	419

Earnings per Basic Common Share:
Continuing operations		$	3.41	$	3.11
Discontinued operations		—		1.77
Total basic earnings		$	3.41	$	4.88
Earnings per Diluted Common Share:
Continuing operations		$	3.40	$	3.08
Discontinued operations		—		1.76
Total diluted earnings		$	3.40	$	4.84
Average number of Common Shares:
Basic		85.0		85.9
Diluted		85.2		86.6

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In Millions)


	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Net earnings		$	290	$	419

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding losses on securities arising during the period		(247)		(281)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings		2		(11)

Total net unrealized losses on securities		(245)		(292)
Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges		(4)		(14)




Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1)		—




Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(250)		(306)



Comprehensive income		$	40	$	113

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Dollars in Millions)


		Shareholders’ Equity
	Common	Common Stock and Capital		Retained		Accumulated Other Comp.
	Shares	Surplus		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	84,920,965	$	1,415	$	3,478	$	119	$	5,012

Net earnings	—	—		290		—		290
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(250)		(250)
Dividends ($2.56 per share)	—	—		(217)		—		(217)
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options	105,404	4		—		—		4
Restricted stock awards	151,080	—		—		—		—
Other benefit plans	10,607	1		—		—		1
Dividend reinvestment plan	6,282	1		—		—		1
Stock-based compensation expense	—	6		—		—		6
Shares acquired and retired	(35,201)	(1)		(4)		—		(5)
Shares exchanged — benefit plans	(47,909)	(1)		(6)		—		(7)
Forfeitures of restricted stock	(8,399)	—		—		—		—

Balance at March 31, 2022	85,102,829	$	1,425	$	3,541	$	(131)	$	4,835

Balance at December 31, 2020	86,345,246	$	1,367	$	4,149	$	1,273	$	6,789

Net earnings	—	—		419		—		419
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(306)		(306)
Dividends ($0.50 per share)	—	—		(43)		—		(43)
Shares issued:
Exercise of stock options	403,012	19		—		—		19
Restricted stock awards	207,020	—		—		—		—
Other benefit plans	15,632	2		—		—		2
Dividend reinvestment plan	2,306	—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	5		—		—		5
Shares acquired and retired	(1,757,702)	(28)		(164)		—		(192)
Shares exchanged — benefit plans	(76,984)	(1)		(7)		—		(8)
Forfeitures of restricted stock	(12,468)	—		—		—		—

Balance at March 31, 2021	85,126,062	$	1,364	$	4,354	$	967	$	6,685

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In Millions)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2022		2021
Operating Activities:
Net earnings	$	290	$	419
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization	26		99
Annuity benefits	—		161
Realized (gains) losses on investing activities	15		(158)
Net purchases of trading securities	(1)		(3)
Deferred annuity and life policy acquisition costs	—		(49)
Change in:
Reinsurance and other receivables	39		275
Other assets	1		164
Insurance claims and reserves	77		5
Payable to reinsurers	(10)		(54)
Other liabilities	18		(25)
Managed investment entities’ assets/liabilities	172		(38)
Other operating activities, net	(124)		(169)
Net cash provided by operating activities	503		627

Investing Activities:
Purchases of:
Fixed maturities	(1,682)		(3,443)
Equity securities	(45)		(41)
Mortgage loans	(265)		(35)
Equity index options and other investments	(47)		(164)
Real estate, property and equipment	(23)		(13)

Proceeds from:
Maturities and redemptions of fixed maturities	959		1,947
Repayments of mortgage loans	1		12
Sales of fixed maturities	17		147
Sales of equity securities	60		350
Sales and settlements of equity index options and other investments	59		269
Sales of real estate, property and equipment	—		—


Managed investment entities:
Purchases of investments	(357)		(527)
Proceeds from sales and redemptions of investments	217		557
Other investing activities, net	(5)		3
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,111)		(938)

Financing Activities:

Reductions of long-term debt	(50)		—
Issuances of Common Stock	5		20
Repurchases of Common Stock	(5)		(192)
Cash dividends paid on Common Stock	(216)		(43)
Annuity receipts	—		1,179
Ceded annuity receipts	—		(207)
Annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals	—		(1,148)
Ceded annuity surrenders, benefits and withdrawals	—		167
Net transfers from variable annuity assets	—		25
Issuances of managed investment entities’ liabilities	60		752
Retirements of managed investment entities’ liabilities	(136)		(725)

Net cash used in financing activities	(342)		(172)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(950)		(483)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	2,131		2,810
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	1,181		2,327
Less: cash and cash equivalents at end of period from discontinued operations	—		636
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period from continuing operations	$	1,181	$	1,691

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INDEX TO NOTES

Accounting Policies

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Discontinued Operations

Long-Term Debt

Acquisition and Sale of Businesses

Shareholders’ Equity

Segments of Operations

Income Taxes

Fair Value Measurements

Contingencies

Investments

Insurance

Managed Investment Entities

Subsequent Events

A. Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements for American Financial Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“AFG”) are unaudited; however, management believes that all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals unless otherwise disclosed herein) necessary for fair presentation have been made. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods to conform to the current year’s presentation. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The results of operations of companies since their formation or acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements. Events or transactions occurring subsequent to March 31, 2022, and prior to the filing of this Form 10-Q, have been evaluated for potential recognition or disclosure herein.

Unless otherwise stated, the information in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements relates to AFG’s continuing operations.

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Changes in circumstances could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimates.

Discontinued Operations Disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift and that have a major effect on a reporting entity’s operations and financial results are reported as discontinued operations.

Fair Value Measurements Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The standards establish a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (“inputs”) are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect AFG’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. AFG did not have any material nonrecurring fair value measurements in the first three months of 2022.

Investments Equity securities other than those accounted for under the equity method are reported at fair value with holding gains and losses generally recorded in realized gains (losses) on securities. However, AFG records holding gains and losses on its portfolio of limited partnerships and similar investments, which do not qualify for equity method accounting and are carried at fair value, and certain other securities classified at purchase as “fair value through net investment income” in net investment income.

Fixed maturity securities classified as “available for sale” are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in AFG’s Balance Sheet. Fixed maturity securities classified as “trading” are reported at fair value with changes in unrealized holding gains or losses during the period included in net investment income. Mortgage loans (net of any allowance) are carried primarily at the aggregate unpaid balance.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Premiums and discounts on fixed maturity securities are amortized using the effective interest method. Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) are amortized over a period based on estimated future principal payments, including prepayments. Prepayment assumptions are reviewed periodically and adjusted to reflect actual prepayments and changes in expectations.

Limited partnerships and similar investments are generally accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, AFG records its share of the earnings or losses of the investee based on when it is reported by the investee in its financial statements rather than in the period in which the investee declares a dividend. AFG’s share of the earnings or losses from equity method investments is generally recorded on a quarter lag due to the timing of the receipt of the investee’s financial statements. AFG’s equity in the earnings (losses) of limited partnerships and similar investments is included in net investment income.

Realized gains or losses on the disposal of fixed maturity securities are determined on the specific identification basis. When a decline in the value of an available for sale fixed maturity is considered to be other-than-temporary at the balance sheet date, an allowance for credit losses (impairment), including any write-off of accrued interest, is charged to earnings (included in realized gains (losses) on securities). If management can assert that it does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that it will have to sell it before recovery of its amortized cost basis (net of allowance), then the impairment is separated into two components: (i) the allowance related to credit losses (recorded in earnings) and (ii) the amount related to all other factors (recorded in other comprehensive income). The credit-related portion is measured by comparing a security’s amortized cost to the present value of its current expected cash flows discounted at its effective yield prior to the charge. If management intends to sell an impaired security, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, an impairment is recorded in earnings to reduce the amortized cost (net of allowance) of that security to fair value. The allowance is limited to the difference between a security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. Subsequent increases or decreases in expected credit losses are recorded immediately in net earnings through realized gains (losses).

Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Measured at Amortized Cost Credit-related impairments for financial instruments measured at amortized cost (mortgage loans, premiums receivable and reinsurance recoverables) reflect estimated credit losses expected over the life of an exposure or pool of exposures. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical information, current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. Expected credit losses, and subsequent increases or decreases in such expected losses, are recorded immediately through net earnings as an allowance that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, with the net carrying value of the financial asset presented on the balance sheet at the amount expected to be collected.

Derivatives Derivatives included in AFG’s Balance Sheet are recorded at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivatives are included in earnings unless the derivatives are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges. Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting under GAAP consist primarily of components of certain fixed maturity securities (primarily interest-only and principal only MBS).

To qualify for hedge accounting, at the inception of a derivative contract, AFG formally documents the relationship between the terms of the hedge and the hedged items and its risk management objective. This documentation includes defining how hedge effectiveness is evaluated at the inception date and over the life of the derivative.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings when the variability of the cash flows from the hedged items impacts earnings. When the change in the fair value of a qualifying cash flow hedge is included in earnings, it is included in the same line item in the statement of earnings as the cash flows from the hedged item. AFG used interest rate swaps that are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges to mitigate interest rate risk related to certain floating-rate securities.

Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of cost of subsidiaries over AFG’s equity in their underlying net assets at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to an impairment test at least annually. An entity is not required to complete the quantitative annual goodwill impairment test on a reporting unit if the entity elects to perform a qualitative analysis and determines that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying amount.

Reinsurance Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the claim liability associated with the reinsured policies. AFG reports as assets (i) the estimated reinsurance recoverable on paid and

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

unpaid losses, including an estimate for losses incurred but not reported, and (ii) amounts paid or due to reinsurers applicable to the unexpired terms of policies in force. Payable to reinsurers includes ceded premiums due to reinsurers, as well as ceded premiums retained by AFG under contracts to fund ceded losses as they become due. AFG also assumes reinsurance from other companies. Earnings on reinsurance assumed is recognized based on information received from ceding companies.

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (“DPAC”) Policy acquisition costs (principally commissions, premium taxes and certain underwriting and policy issuance costs) directly related to the successful acquisition or renewal of an insurance contract are deferred. DPAC is limited based upon recoverability without any consideration for anticipated investment income and is charged against income ratably over the terms of the related policies. A premium deficiency is recognized if the sum of expected claims costs, claims adjustment expenses and unamortized acquisition costs exceed the related unearned premiums. A premium deficiency is first recognized by charging any unamortized acquisition costs to expense to the extent required to eliminate the deficiency. If the premium deficiency is greater than unamortized acquisition costs, a liability is accrued for the excess deficiency and reported with unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.

Managed Investment Entities A company is considered the primary beneficiary of, and therefore must consolidate, a variable interest entity (“VIE”) based primarily on its ability to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact that entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of, or receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

AFG manages, and has investments in, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) that are VIEs (see Note G — “Managed Investment Entities”). AFG has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of these CLOs because (i) its role as asset manager gives it the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CLOs and (ii) through its investment in the CLO debt tranches, it has exposure to CLO losses (limited to the amount AFG invested) and the right to receive CLO benefits that could potentially be significant to the CLOs.

Because AFG has no right to use the CLO assets and no obligation to pay the CLO liabilities, the assets and liabilities of the CLOs are shown separately in AFG’s Balance Sheet. AFG has elected the fair value option for reporting on the CLO assets and liabilities to improve the transparency of financial reporting related to the CLOs. The net gain or loss from accounting for the CLO assets and liabilities at fair value is presented separately in AFG’s Statement of Earnings.

The fair values of a CLO’s assets may differ from the separately measured fair values of its liabilities even though the CLO liabilities only have recourse to the CLO assets. AFG has set the carrying value of the CLO liabilities equal to the fair value of the CLO assets (which have more observable fair values) as an alternative to reporting those liabilities at a separately measured fair value. CLO earnings attributable to AFG’s shareholders are measured by the change in the fair value of AFG’s investments in the CLOs and management fees earned.

At March 31, 2022, assets and liabilities of managed investment entities included $167 million in assets and $137 million in liabilities of a temporary warehousing entity that was established in connection with the formation of a new CLO that is expected to close in May 2022. At closing, all warehoused assets will be transferred to the new CLO and the liabilities will be repaid.

Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses The net liabilities stated for unpaid claims and for expenses of investigation and adjustment of unpaid claims represent management’s best estimate and are based upon (i) the accumulation of case estimates for losses reported prior to the close of the accounting period on direct business written; (ii) estimates received from ceding reinsurers and insurance pools and associations; (iii) estimates of unreported losses (including possible development on known claims) based on past experience; (iv) estimates based on experience of expenses for investigating and adjusting claims; and (v) the current state of the law and coverage litigation. Establishing reserves for asbestos, environmental and other mass tort claims involves considerably more judgment than other types of claims due to, among other things, inconsistent court decisions, an increase in bankruptcy filings as a result of asbestos-related liabilities, novel theories of coverage, and judicial interpretations that often expand theories of recovery and broaden the scope of coverage.

Loss reserve liabilities are subject to the impact of changes in claim amounts and frequency and other factors. Changes in estimates of the liabilities for losses and loss adjustment expenses are reflected in the statement of earnings in the period in which determined. Despite the variability inherent in such estimates, management believes that the liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are adequate and reasonable.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs related to AFG’s outstanding debt are presented in its Balance Sheet as a direct reduction in the carrying value of long-term debt and are amortized over the life of the related debt using the effective interest method as a component of interest expense. Debt issuance costs related to AFG’s revolving credit facilities are included in other assets in AFG’s Balance Sheet.

Leases Leases for terms of longer than one year are recognized as assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases on the balance sheet based on the present value of contractual cash flows.

At March 31, 2022 AFG has a $127 million lease liability included in other liabilities and a lease right-of-use asset of $111 million included in other assets compared to $136 million and $118 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021.

Premium Recognition Property and casualty premiums are earned generally over the terms of the policies on a pro rata basis. Unearned premiums represent that portion of premiums written, which is applicable to the unexpired terms of policies in force. On reinsurance assumed from other insurance companies or written through various underwriting organizations, unearned premiums are based on information received from such companies and organizations.

Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases and are measured using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is established to reduce total deferred tax assets to an amount that will more likely than not be realized. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recorded in net earnings in the period that includes the enactment date.

AFG recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only when the position is more likely than not to be sustained under examination by the appropriate taxing authority. Interest and penalties on AFG’s reserve for uncertain tax positions are recognized as a component of tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation All share-based grants are recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over their vesting periods based on their calculated fair value at the date of grant.

AFG records excess tax benefits or deficiencies for share-based payments through income tax expense in the statement of earnings. In addition, AFG accounts for forfeitures of awards when they occur.

Benefit Plans AFG provides retirement benefits to qualified employees of participating companies through the AFG 401(k) Retirement and Savings Plan, a defined contribution plan. AFG makes all contributions to the retirement fund portion of the plan and matches a percentage of employee contributions to the savings fund. Company contributions are expensed in the year for which they are declared. AFG and many of its subsidiaries provide health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retirees. AFG also provides postemployment benefits to former or inactive employees (primarily those on disability) who were not deemed retired under other company plans. The projected future cost of providing these benefits is expensed over the period employees earn such benefits.

Earnings Per Share Although basic earnings per share only considers shares of common stock outstanding during the period, the calculation of diluted earnings per share includes the following adjustments to weighted average common shares related to stock-based compensation plans: first three months of 2022 and 2021 — 0.2 million and 0.7 million.

There were no anti-dilutive potential common shares for the first three months of 2022 or 2021.

Statement of Cash Flows For cash flow purposes, “investing activities” are defined as making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments, property and equipment and businesses. “Financing activities” include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on their investments, borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed. All other activities are considered “operating.” Short-term investments having original maturities of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents for purposes of the financial statements.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

B. Discontinued Operations

Annuity Business Effective May 31, 2021, AFG completed the sale of its Annuity business to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”). MassMutual acquired Great American Life Insurance Company (“GALIC”) and its two insurance subsidiaries, Annuity Investors Life Insurance Company and Manhattan National Life Insurance Company. In addition to AFG’s annuity operations, these subsidiaries included AFG’s run-off life and long-term care operations. Proceeds from the sale were $3.57 billion (including $34 million in post-closing adjustments) and AFG realized a $656 million net gain on the sale in the first six months of 2021. The sale continues to be subject to tax-related post-closing adjustments, which are not expected to be material and are expected to be completed in 2022.

Details of the assets and liabilities of the Annuity subsidiaries sold were as follows (in millions):


	May 31, 2021
Assets of businesses sold:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,060
Investments	38,323
Recoverables from reinsurers	6,748
Other assets	2,152
Total assets of discontinued annuity operations	49,283
Liabilities of businesses sold:
Annuity benefits accumulated	43,690
Other liabilities	1,813
Total liabilities of discontinued annuity operations	45,503

Reclassify AOCI	(913)
Net investment in annuity businesses sold, excluding AOCI	$	2,867

Details of the results of operations for the discontinued annuity operations were (in millions):


	Three months ended March 31, 2021
Net investment income	$	447
Realized gains on securities	81
Other income	32
Total revenues	560
Annuity benefits	161
Annuity and supplemental insurance acquisition expenses	112
Other expenses	46
Total costs and expenses	319
Earnings before income taxes from discontinued operations	241
Provision for income taxes on discontinued operations	48


Tax liabilities triggered by pending sale	41
Net earnings from discontinued operations	$	152

Table of Contents

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

The impact of the sale of the annuity business is shown below (in millions):


	May 31, 2021
Cash proceeds	$	3,571
Sale related expenses	(8)
Total net proceeds	3,563

Net investment in annuity businesses sold, excluding AOCI	2,867
Reclassify net deferred tax asset	(199)
Pretax gain on sale	895
Income tax expense:
Reclassify net deferred tax asset	199
Tax liabilities triggered by pending sale in the first quarter of 2021	41
Other	(1)
Total income tax expense	239
Net gain on sale	$	656

Summarized cash flows for the discontinued annuity operations were (in millions):


	Three months ended March 31, 2021
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	209
Net cash used in investing activities	(734)
Net cash provided by financing activities	16

Derivatives The vast majority of AFG’s derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting were held by the sold annuity subsidiaries. The following table summarizes the gains (losses) included in net earnings from discontinued operations for changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting for the first three months of 2021 (in millions):


Derivative	Three months ended March 31, 2021
MBS with embedded derivatives	$	—

Fixed-indexed and variable-indexed annuities (embedded derivative)	(40)
Equity index call options	114
Equity index put options	2
Reinsurance contract (embedded derivative)	1
	$	77

C. Acquisition and Sale of Businesses

Verikai In December 2021, AFG acquired Verikai, Inc., a machine learning and artificial intelligence company that utilizes a predictive risk tool for assessing insurance risk for $120 million using cash on hand at the parent. Verikai will continue to operate as a stand-alone company to service its insurance clients. AFG expects to benefit from Verikai’s predictive risk tool and unique Marketplace solution as it enters the medical stop loss insurance business, with a primary focus on small and underserved risks. AFG may pay up to $50 million in contingent consideration based on performance measures over a multiple year period.

Expenses related to the acquisition were approximately $1 million and were expensed as incurred. The purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities of Verikai based on management’s best estimate of fair value as of the acquisition date. While no adjustments were made during the first three months of 2022 and management does not expect significant adjustments, the purchase price allocation continues to be subject to refinement during 2022.

Annuity Operations See Note B — “Discontinued Operations,” for information on the 2021 sale of AFG’s annuity operations.

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D. Segments of Operations

Subsequent to the sale of its annuity operations, see Note B — “Discontinued Operations,” AFG manages its business as two segments: Property and casualty insurance and Other, which includes holding company costs and operations attributable to the noncontrolling interests of the managed investment entities.

AFG reports its property and casualty insurance business in the following Specialty sub-segments: (i) Property and transportation, which includes physical damage and liability coverage for buses and trucks and other specialty transportation niches, inland and ocean marine, agricultural-related products and other commercial property coverages, (ii) Specialty casualty, which includes primarily excess and surplus, executive and professional liability, general liability, umbrella and excess liability, specialty coverages in targeted markets, customized programs for small to mid-sized businesses and workers’ compensation insurance, and (iii) Specialty financial, which includes risk management insurance programs for lending and leasing institutions (including equipment leasing and collateral and lender-placed mortgage property insurance), fidelity and surety products and trade credit insurance. Premiums and underwriting profit included under Other specialty represent business assumed by AFG’s internal reinsurance program from the operations that make up AFG’s other Specialty sub-segments and amortization of deferred gains on retroactive reinsurance transactions related to the sales of businesses in prior years. AFG’s reportable segments and their components were determined based primarily upon similar economic characteristics, products and services.

The following tables (in millions) show AFG’s revenues and earnings from continuing operations before income taxes by segment and sub-segment.


	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Revenues
Property and casualty insurance:
Premiums earned:
Specialty
Property and transportation		$	443	$	394
Specialty casualty		639		571
Specialty financial		163		157
Other specialty		57		51

Total premiums earned		1,302		1,173
Net investment income		223		159
Other income		4		4
Total property and casualty insurance		1,529		1,336
Other		74		67
Real estate-related entities (*)		—		29
Total revenues before realized gains (losses)		1,603		1,432
Realized gains (losses) on securities		(15)		77

Total revenues		$	1,588	$	1,509

(*)Represents investment income from the real estate and real estate-related entities acquired from AFG’s discontinued annuity operations while they were held by those operations. Subsequent to the sale of the annuity operations, this income is included in the segment of the acquirer.

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	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Earnings From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
Property and casualty insurance:
Underwriting:
Specialty
Property and transportation		$	62	$	56
Specialty casualty		124		56
Specialty financial		29		25
Other specialty		(7)		(3)
Other lines		(1)		—
Total underwriting		207		134
Investment and other income, net		215		154
Total property and casualty insurance		422		288
Other (a)		(46)		(59)
Real estate-related entities (b)		—		29
Total earnings from continuing operations before realized gains (losses) and income taxes		376		258
Realized gains (losses) on securities		(15)		77

Total earnings from continuing operations before income taxes		$	361	$	335

(a)Includes holding company interest and expenses, including a $2 million loss on retirement of debt in the first three months of 2022.

(b)Represents investment income from the real estate and real estate-related entities acquired from AFG’s discontinued annuity operations while they were held by those operations. Subsequent to the sale of the annuity operations, this income is included in the segment of the acquirer.

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E. Fair Value Measurements

Accounting standards for measuring fair value are based on inputs used in estimating fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (markets in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis). AFG’s Level 1 financial instruments consist primarily of publicly traded equity securities, highly liquid government bonds for which quoted market prices in active markets are available and short-term investments of managed investment entities.

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets (markets in which there are few transactions, the prices are not current, price quotations vary substantially over time or among market makers, or in which little information is released publicly); and valuations based on other significant inputs that are observable in active markets. AFG’s Level 2 financial instruments include corporate and municipal fixed maturity securities, asset-backed securities (“ABS”), mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), certain non-affiliated common stocks and investments of managed investment entities priced using observable inputs. Level 2 inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, corroborated broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads and benchmark securities. When non-binding broker quotes can be corroborated by comparison to similar securities priced using observable inputs, they are classified as Level 2.

Level 3 — Valuations derived from market valuation techniques generally consistent with those used to estimate the fair values of Level 2 financial instruments in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable or when the market for a security exhibits significantly less liquidity relative to markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements. The unobservable inputs may include management’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use based on the best information available at the valuation date. Financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker quotes or internally developed using significant inputs not based on, or corroborated by, observable market information are classified as Level 3.

The contingent consideration liability (included in other liabilities in AFG’s Balance Sheet) relates to AFG’s December 2021 acquisition of Verikai discussed in Note C — “Acquisition and Sale of Businesses.” The liability is remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date with changes in fair value recognized in net earnings. To estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration liability, AFG uses a weighted probability-based income approach which includes significant unobservable inputs and is classified as Level 3. There was no change to the estimated fair value of this liability during the first three months of 2022.

As discussed in Note A — “Accounting Policies — Managed Investment Entities,” AFG has set the carrying value of its CLO liabilities equal to the fair value of the CLO assets (which have more observable fair values) as an alternative to reporting those liabilities at separately measured fair values. As a result, the CLO liabilities are categorized within the fair value hierarchy on the same basis (proportionally) as the related CLO assets. Since the portion of the CLO liabilities allocated to Level 3 is derived from the fair value of the CLO assets, these amounts are excluded from the progression of Level 3 financial instruments.

AFG’s management is responsible for the valuation process and uses data from outside sources (including nationally recognized pricing services and broker/dealers) in establishing fair value. AFG’s internal investment professionals are a group of approximately 20 investment professionals whose primary responsibility is to manage AFG’s investment portfolio. These professionals monitor individual investments as well as overall industries and are active in the financial markets on a daily basis. The group is led by AFG’s chief investment officer, who reports directly to one of AFG’s Co-CEOs. Valuation techniques utilized by pricing services and prices obtained from external sources are reviewed by AFG’s internal investment professionals who are familiar with the securities being priced and the markets in which they trade to ensure the fair value determination is representative of an exit price. To validate the appropriateness of the prices obtained, these investment managers consider widely published indices (as benchmarks), recent trades, changes in interest rates, general economic conditions and the credit quality of the specific issuers. In addition, the Company communicates directly with the pricing services regarding the methods and assumptions used in pricing, including verifying, on a test basis, the inputs used by the service to value specific securities.

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Assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value in the financial statements are summarized below (in millions):


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
March 31, 2022
Assets:
Available for sale (“AFS”) fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	$	208	$	1	$	—	$	209
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		1,624		33		1,657
Foreign government	—		257		—		257
Residential MBS	—		1,520		11		1,531
Commercial MBS	—		100		—		100
Collateralized loan obligations	—		1,894		—		1,894
Other asset-backed securities	—		2,320		337		2,657
Corporate and other	10		2,250		244		2,504
Total AFS fixed maturities	218		9,966		625		10,809
Trading fixed maturities	—		30		—		30
Equity securities	617		44		361		1,022
Assets of managed investment entities (“MIE”)	191		5,028		12		5,231

Total assets accounted for at fair value	$	1,026	$	15,068	$	998	$	17,092
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration — acquisitions	$	—	$	—	$	23	$	23
Liabilities of managed investment entities	187		4,914		11		5,112
Other liabilities — derivatives	—		5		—		5
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value	$	187	$	4,919	$	34	$	5,140

December 31, 2021
Assets:
Available for sale fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	$	215	$	1	$	—	$	216
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		1,791		41		1,832
Foreign government	—		246		—		246
Residential MBS	—		946		14		960
Commercial MBS	—		104		—		104
Collateralized loan obligations	—		1,643		—		1,643
Other asset-backed securities	—		2,398		278		2,676
Corporate and other	11		2,402		267		2,680
Total AFS fixed maturities	226		9,531		600		10,357
Trading fixed maturities	—		28		—		28
Equity securities	679		50		313		1,042
Assets of managed investment entities	390		4,893		13		5,296

Total assets accounted for at fair value	$	1,295	$	14,502	$	926	$	16,723
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration — acquisitions	$	—	$	—	$	23	$	23
Liabilities of managed investment entities	384		4,823		13		5,220

Total liabilities accounted for at fair value	$	384	$	4,823	$	36	$	5,243

Approximately 6% of the total assets carried at fair value at March 31, 2022, were Level 3 assets. Approximately 16% ($164 million) of those Level 3 assets were priced using non-binding broker quotes, for which there is a lack of transparency as to the inputs used to determine fair value. Details as to the quantitative inputs are neither provided by the brokers nor otherwise reasonably obtainable by AFG. Approximately $58 million (6%) of the Level 3 assets were priced by pricing services where either a single price was not corroborated, prices varied enough among the providers, or other market factors led management to determine these securities be classified as Level 3 assets. Approximately 19% ($186 million) of the Level 3 assets were equity investments in limited partnerships and similar investments that do not qualify for equity method accounting whose prices were determined based on financial information provided by the limited partnerships.

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Internally developed fixed maturities are priced using a variety of inputs, including appropriate credit spreads over the treasury yield (of a similar duration), trade information and prices of comparable securities and other security specific features (such as optional early redemption). Internally developed Level 3 asset fair values represent approximately $590 million (59%) of the total fair value of Level 3 assets at March 31, 2022. Approximately 61% ($361 million) of these internally developed Level 3 assets are priced using a pricing model that uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of fixed maturity securities. The credit spread applied by management is the significant unobservable input of the pricing model. In instances where the pricing model suggests a price in excess of 100% and the security is currently callable at 100%, management caps the fair value at 100%. Approximately 28% ($168 million) of these internally developed Level 3 assets are equity securities which are priced primarily using broker quotes and internal models with some inputs that are not market observable. Management believes that any justifiable changes in unobservable inputs used to determine internally developed fair values would not have resulted in a material change in AFG’s financial position.

Changes in balances of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value during the first three months of 2022 and 2021 are presented below (in millions). The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs. All transfers are reflected in the table at fair value as of the end of the reporting period.


			Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in
	Balance at December 31, 2021		Net earnings (loss)		Other comprehensive income (loss)		Purchases and issuances		Sales and settlements		Transfer into Level 3		Transfer out of Level 3		Balance at March 31, 2022
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
State and municipal	41		—		(2)		—		(1)		—		(5)		33
Residential MBS	14		—		—		—		(1)		—		(2)		11
Commercial MBS	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Collateralized loan obligations	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other asset-backed securities	278		2		(9)		47		(15)		34		—		337
Corporate and other	267		—		(10)		28		(7)		—		(34)		244
Total AFS fixed maturities	600		2		(21)		75		(24)		34		(41)		625
Equity securities	313		22		—		30		(3)		3		(4)		361
Assets of MIE	13		(1)		—		—		—		—		—		12
Total Level 3 assets	$	926	$	23	$	(21)	$	105	$	(27)	$	37	$	(45)	$	998

Contingent consideration — acquisitions	$	(23)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(23)
Total Level 3 liabilities	$	(23)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(23)

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			Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in
	Balance at December 31, 2020		Net earnings (loss)		Other comprehensive income (loss)		Purchases and issuances		Sales and settlements		Transfer into Level 3		Transfer out of Level 3		Balance at March 31, 2021
AFS fixed maturities:
U.S. government agency	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
State and municipal	39		—		—		—		—		—		—		39
Residential MBS	38		(3)		—		6		—		3		(17)		27
Commercial MBS	2		—		—		—		—		—		(2)		—
Collateralized loan obligations	16		1		(1)		—		(1)		—		(9)		6
Other asset-backed securities	305		—		—		52		(23)		14		(22)		326
Corporate and other	138		1		(1)		84		(18)		2		(2)		204
Total AFS fixed maturities	538		(1)		(2)		142		(42)		19		(52)		602
Equity securities	176		53		—		12		(14)		—		—		227
Assets of MIE	21		4		—		1		—		—		(12)		14
Assets of discontinued annuity operations	2,971		70		(43)		196		(191)		32		(229)		2,806
Total Level 3 assets	$	3,706	$	126	$	(45)	$	351	$	(247)	$	51	$	(293)	$	3,649

Liabilities of discontinued annuity operations	$	(3,933)	$	(40)	$	—	$	(74)	$	93	$	—	$	—	$	(3,954)
Total Level 3 liabilities	$	(3,933)	$	(40)	$	—	$	(74)	$	93	$	—	$	—	$	(3,954)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value and fair value of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value in the financial statements are summarized below (in millions):


	Carrying		Fair Value
	Value		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 31, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,181	$	1,181	$	1,181	$	—	$	—
Mortgage loans	784		768		—		—		768
Total financial assets not accounted for at fair value	$	1,965	$	1,949	$	1,181	$	—	$	768

Long-term debt	$	1,917	$	1,979	$	—	$	1,976	$	3
Total financial liabilities not accounted for at fair value	$	1,917	$	1,979	$	—	$	1,976	$	3

December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,131	$	2,131	$	2,131	$	—	$	—
Mortgage loans	520		533		—		—		533
Total financial assets not accounted for at fair value	$	2,651	$	2,664	$	2,131	$	—	$	533

Long-term debt	$	1,964	$	2,261	$	—	$	2,258	$	3
Total financial liabilities not accounted for at fair value	$	1,964	$	2,261	$	—	$	2,258	$	3

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F. Investments

Available for sale fixed maturities at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, consisted of the following (in millions):


	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Expected Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized				Net Unrealized		Fair Value
					Gains		Losses
March 31, 2022
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	$	216	$	—	$	1	$	(8)	$	(7)	$	209
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	1,648		—		22		(13)		9		1,657
Foreign government	266		—		—		(9)		(9)		257
Residential MBS	1,550		—		36		(55)		(19)		1,531
Commercial MBS	100		—		—		—		—		100
Collateralized loan obligations	1,907		1		2		(14)		(12)		1,894
Other asset-backed securities	2,725		5		5		(68)		(63)		2,657
Corporate and other	2,542		1		16		(53)		(37)		2,504
Total fixed maturities	$	10,954	$	7	$	82	$	(220)	$	(138)	$	10,809

December 31, 2021
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	$	216	$	—	$	2	$	(2)	$	—	$	216
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	1,758		—		74		—		74		1,832
Foreign government	248		—		—		(2)		(2)		246
Residential MBS	915		—		48		(3)		45		960
Commercial MBS	102		—		2		—		2		104
Collateralized loan obligations	1,643		1		3		(2)		1		1,643
Other asset-backed securities	2,677		7		17		(11)		6		2,676
Corporate and other	2,634		1		55		(8)		47		2,680
Total fixed maturities	$	10,193	$	9	$	201	$	(28)	$	173	$	10,357

Equity securities which are reported at fair value with holding gains and losses recognized in net earnings, consisted of the following at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in millions):


	March 31, 2022						December 31, 2021

	Actual Cost				Fair Value		Actual Cost				Fair Value
			Fair Value		over Cost				Fair Value		over Cost
Common stocks	$	496	$	578	$	82	$	491	$	586	$	95
Perpetual preferred stocks	407		444		37		403		456		53
Total equity securities carried at fair value	$	903	$	1,022	$	119	$	894	$	1,042	$	148

Investments accounted for using the equity method held by AFG’s continuing operations, by category, carrying value and net investment income are as follows (in millions):


						Net Investment Income
	Carrying Value				Three months ended March 31,
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021			2022		2021
Real estate-related investments (*)	$	1,195	$	1,130		$	100	$	54
Private equity	391		352			33		21
Private debt	33		35			—		3
Total investments accounted for using the equity method	$	1,619	$	1,517		$	133	$	78

(*)Includes 88% with underlying investments in multi-family properties, 1% in single family properties and 11% in other property types as of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The earnings (losses) from these investments are generally reported on a quarter lag due to the timing required to obtain the necessary information from the funds. AFG regularly reviews and discusses fund performance with the fund managers

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to corroborate the reasonableness of the underlying reported asset values and to assess whether any events have occurred within the lag period that may materially affect the valuation of these investments.

With respect to partnerships and similar investments, AFG had unfunded commitments of $354 million and $366 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The following table shows gross unrealized losses (dollars in millions) on available for sale fixed maturities by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the following balance sheet dates.


	Less Than Twelve Months						Twelve Months or More
	Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Fair Value as % of Cost		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Fair Value as % of Cost
March 31, 2022
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	$	(3)	$	114	97	%	$	(5)	$	61	92	%
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	(12)		444		97	%	(1)		12		92	%
Foreign government	(9)		241		96	%	—		—		—	%
Residential MBS	(55)		1,213		96	%	—		11		100	%
Commercial MBS	—		52		100	%	—		—		—	%
Collateralized loan obligations	(12)		1,302		99	%	(2)		78		98	%
Other asset-backed securities	(63)		2,053		97	%	(5)		82		94	%
Corporate and other	(49)		1,226		96	%	(4)		68		94	%
Total fixed maturities	$	(203)	$	6,645	97	%	$	(17)	$	312	95	%

December 31, 2021
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Government and government agencies	$	(1)	$	92	99	%	$	(1)	$	22	96	%
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	—		9		100	%	—		13		100	%
Foreign government	(2)		160		99	%	—		—		—	%
Residential MBS	(3)		419		99	%	—		7		100	%
Commercial MBS	—		34		100	%	—		—		—	%
Collateralized loan obligations	(1)		806		100	%	(1)		77		99	%
Other asset-backed securities	(8)		1,250		99	%	(3)		81		96	%
Corporate and other	(8)		500		98	%	—		26		100	%
Total fixed maturities	$	(23)	$	3,270	99	%	$	(5)	$	226	98	%

At March 31, 2022, the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturities of $220 million relate to 1,128 securities. Investment grade securities (as determined by nationally recognized rating agencies) represented approximately 94% of the gross unrealized loss and 95% of the fair value.

To evaluate fixed maturities for expected credit losses (impairment), management considers whether the unrealized loss is credit-driven or a result of changes in market interest rates, the extent to which fair value is less than cost basis, historical operating, balance sheet and cash flow data from the issuer, third party research and communications with industry specialists and discussions with issuer management.

AFG analyzes its MBS securities for expected credit losses (impairment) each quarter based upon expected future cash flows. Management estimates expected future cash flows based upon its knowledge of the MBS market, cash flow projections (which reflect loan to collateral values, subordination, vintage and geographic concentration) received from independent sources, implied cash flows inherent in security ratings and analysis of historical payment data.

Management believes AFG will recover its cost basis (net of any allowance) in the securities with unrealized losses and that AFG has the ability to hold the securities until they recover in value and had no intent to sell them at March 31, 2022.

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Credit losses on available for sale fixed maturities are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows compared to amortized cost. Impairment losses are recognized through an allowance and recoveries of previously impaired amounts are recorded as an immediate reversal of all or a portion of the allowance. In addition, the allowance on available for sale fixed maturities cannot cause the amortized cost net of the allowance to be below fair value. Accordingly, future changes in the fair value of an impaired security (when the allowance was limited by the fair value) due to reasons other than issuer credit (e.g. changes in market interest rates) result in increases or decreases in the allowance, which are recorded through realized gains (losses) on securities. A progression of the allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturity securities held by AFG’s continuing operations is shown below (in millions):


	Structured Securities (*)		Corporate and Other		Total














Balance at January 1, 2022	$	8	$	1	$	9
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration	—		—		—
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance	—		—		—
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses	(2)		—		(2)
Reductions due to sales or redemptions	—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	6	$	1	$	7

Balance at January 1, 2021	$	10	$	2	$	12
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration	—		—		—
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance	—		—		—
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses	(1)		—		(1)
Reductions due to sales or redemptions	—		(1)		(1)
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	9	$	1	$	10

(*)Includes mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations and other asset-backed securities.

In the first three months of 2022 and 2021, AFG did not purchase any securities with expected credit losses.

The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of AFG’s available for sale fixed maturities as of March 31, 2022 (dollars in millions). Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.


	Amortized		Fair Value
	Cost, net (*)		Amount		%
Maturity
One year or less	$	923	$	930	9	%
After one year through five years	2,572		2,539		23	%
After five years through ten years	825		816		8	%
After ten years	351		342		3	%
	4,671		4,627		43	%
Collateralized loan obligations and other ABS (average life of approximately 3 years)	4,626		4,551		42	%
MBS (average life of approximately 5 years)	1,650		1,631		15	%
Total	$	10,947	$	10,809	100	%

(*)Amortized cost, net of allowance for expected credit losses.

Certain risks are inherent in fixed maturity securities, including loss upon default, price volatility in reaction to changes in interest rates, and general market factors and risks associated with reinvestment of proceeds due to prepayments or redemptions in a period of declining interest rates.

There were no investments in individual issuers that exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Net Investment Income The following table shows (in millions) investment income earned and investment expenses incurred in AFG’s continuing operations.


	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Investment income:
Fixed maturities		$	80	$	72
Equity securities:
Dividends		7		8
Change in fair value (*)		7		26
Equity in earnings of partnerships and similar investments		133		78
Other		7		6
Gross investment income		234		190
Investment expenses		(4)		(2)
Net investment income		$	230	$	188

(*)Although the change in the fair value of the majority of AFG’s equity securities is recorded in realized gains (losses) on securities, AFG records holding gains and losses in net investment income on its portfolio of limited partnerships and similar investments that do not qualify for equity method accounting and certain other securities classified at purchase as “fair value through net investment income.”

Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) from continuing operations included in AOCI related to fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows (in millions):












	Three months ended March 31, 2022								Three months ended March 31, 2021
	Realized gains (losses)								Realized gains (losses)
	Before Impairments		Impairment Allowance		Total		Change in Unrealized		Before Impairments		Impairment Allowance		Total		Change in Unrealized
Fixed maturities	$	(4)	$	2	$	(2)	$	(311)	$	(1)	$	1	$	—	$	(44)
Equity securities	(13)		—		(13)		—		77		—		77		—
Mortgage loans and other investments	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total pretax	(17)		2		(15)		(311)		76		1		77		(44)
Tax effects	3		—		3		66		(16)		—		(16)		9
Net of tax	$	(14)	$	2	$	(12)	$	(245)	$	60	$	1	$	61	$	(35)

All equity securities other than those accounted for under the equity method are carried at fair value through net earnings. AFG recorded net holding gains (losses) on equity securities from continuing operations during the first three months of 2022 and 2021 on securities that were still owned at March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 as follows (in millions):


	Three months ended March 31,
		2022		2021
Included in realized gains (losses)		$	(13)	$	67
Included in net investment income		4		26
		$	(9)	$	93

Gross realized gains and losses (excluding changes in impairment allowance and mark-to-market of derivatives) on available for sale fixed maturity investment transactions from continuing operations consisted of the following (in millions):


	Three months ended March 31,
	2022		2021
Gross gains	$	1	$	2
Gross losses	—		(1)

Derivatives Designated and Qualifying as Cash Flow Hedges As of March 31, 2022, AFG has five active interest rate swaps that are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges to mitigate interest rate risk related to certain floating-rate securities included in AFG’s portfolio of fixed maturity securities. The purpose of each of these swaps is to effectively convert a portion of AFG’s floating-rate fixed maturity securities to fixed rates by offsetting the variability in cash flows attributable to changes in short-term LIBOR.

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AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. 10-Q

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — CONTINUED

Under the terms of the swaps, AFG receives fixed-rate interest payments in exchange for variable interest payments based on short-term LIBOR. The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps generally decline over each swap’s respective life (the swaps expire between January 2025 and July 2027) in anticipation of the expected decline in AFG’s portfolio of fixed maturity securities with floating interest rates based on short-term LIBOR. The total outstanding notional amount of AFG’s interest rate swaps was $408 million at March 31, 2022, all of which were entered into in the first three months of 2022. The fair value of the interest rate swaps, all of which were in a liability position and included in other liabilities at March 31, 2022, was $5 million. The net unrealized gain or loss on cash flow hedges is included in AOCI, net of deferred taxes. The amount reclassified from AOCI (before taxes) to net earnings was income of $1 million for the first three months of 2022. A collateral receivable supporting these swaps of $15 million at March 31, 2022 is included in other assets in AFG’s Balance Sheet.

G. Managed Investment Entities

AFG is the investment manager and it has investments ranging from 7.4% to 82.7% of the most subordinate debt tranche of thirteen active collateralized loan obligation entities (“CLOs”), which are considered variable interest entities. AFG also owns portions of the senior debt tranches of certain of these CLOs. Upon formation between 2012 and 2021, these entities issued securities in various senior and subordinate classes and invested the proceeds primarily in secured bank loans, which serve as collateral for the debt securities issued by each CLO. None of the collateral was purchased from AFG. AFG’s investments in the subordinate debt tranches of these entities receive residual income from the CLOs only after the CLOs pay expenses (including management fees to AFG) and interest on and returns of capital to senior levels of debt securities. There are no contractual requirements for AFG to provide additional funding for these entities. AFG has not provided and does not intend to provide any financial support to these entities.

AFG’s maximum exposure to economic loss on the CLOs that it manages is limited to its investment in those CLOs, which had an aggregate fair value of $119 million (including $98 million invested in the most subordinate tranches) at March 31, 2022, and $76 million at December 31, 2021.

The following table shows a progression of the fair value of AFG's investment in CLO tranches held by continuing operations (in millions):

Three months ended March 31,

2022

2021

AFG

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