By Yoko Kubota in Beijing, Takashi Mochizuki in Tokyo and Tripp Mickle in San Francisco
Lower-than-expected demand for Apple Inc.'s new iPhones and the
company's decision to offer more models have created turmoil along
its supply chain and made it harder for Apple to predict the number
of components and phones it needs, people familiar with the
situation said.
In recent weeks, Apple slashed production orders for all three
of the iPhone models it unveiled in September, these people said,
frustrating executives at Apple suppliers as well as workers who
assemble the phones and their components.
Forecasts have been especially problematic for the iPhone XR,
Apple's new lower-price model. Around late October, Apple slashed
its production plan by up to a third of the approximately 70
million units it had asked some suppliers to assemble between
September and February, people familiar with the matter said.
And in the past week, Apple told several suppliers that it cut
its production plan again for the iPhone XR, some of the people
said Monday, as Apple battles a maturing smartphone market and
stiff competition from Chinese producers.
Apple's shares fell 4% Monday to $185.86, a drop that put them
close to bear-market territory -- a decline of 20% or more from a
recent peak. The stock is down 16% since Apple on Nov. 1 reported
record quarterly revenue and profit but gave an outlook for the
holiday quarter that didn't portend explosive growth.
Apple -- which doesn't give public forecasts for demand or
production of its products -- declined to comment.
During an interview earlier this year with The Wall Street
Journal, Apple Chief Financial Officer Luca Maestri said that
trying to determine demand for its devices based on reports from
suppliers can be misleading because the suppliers also make
products for competitors.
The slowdown has rippled throughout Apple's supply chain.
Last week, big suppliers of iPhone components including Qorvo
Inc., Lumentum Holdings Inc. and Japan Display Inc. cut their
quarterly profit estimates, citing a reduction in previously placed
orders from a large customer. Apple wasn't named, but it accounts
for a third to half of revenue for these companies, according to
financial filings and estimates.
Investors reacted by sending shares of the three companies
sharply lower.
At Foxconn Technology Co., Apple's largest iPhone assembler,
thousands of workers have voluntarily left its Chinese plants
earlier than they intended after Foxconn cut overtime hours that
typically are available during peak production periods, people
familiar with the matter said. Many workers have come to rely on
overtime as a major source of income. Foxconn declined to
comment.
Hundreds of suppliers built their businesses on the back of the
smartphone era, and none benefited more than those providing
components for Apple. The iPhone's popularity generated tremendous
revenue and profitability for suppliers, lifting their market
valuations as components became the backbone of their business.
But the iPhone production cuts have reignited frustration among
suppliers and raised worries about Apple's ability to forecast
demand since it started releasing three flagship models instead of
two last year, according to executives at Apple suppliers. Apple
also continues to sell some older models in its stores, further
complicating forecasting.
Moreover, the addition of new iPhones at higher prices -- the
devices now cost $749 to $1,099, up from $649 to $769 in 2016 --
has created uncertainty in how customers will respond, analysts and
forecasting experts said.
"The more choice you introduce, the harder it is to pinpoint who
will buy what," said Steven Haines, chief executive of Sequent
Learning Networks, which has advised companies such as FedEx Corp.
and Verizon Communications Inc. on product management.
In the past, Apple thrived on "the beauty of simplicity," said
an executive at an Apple supplier. "It was very few models at
massive volumes."
The suppliers' ability to gauge demand will also be hurt by
Apple's recent decision to stop reporting unit sales, one supplier
said.
Sales of the iPhone XR could pick up later next year, mirroring
what happened when Apple launched the lower-priced Phone 5C in
2013, said Ben Bajarin, a technology analyst with Creative
Strategies. He said that because those devices have fewer features
than the higher-priced flagship models launched around the same
time, they appeal less to tech's early adopters who fuel initial
sales of new iPhone versions.
The company's suppliers have been rattled before. The iPhone 6,
introduced in 2014, sold better than Apple's expectations, and
suppliers scrambled to meet increased orders. The following year,
demand for the iPhone 6s fell short of forecasts, leaving suppliers
to grapple with excess inventories and underused production
capacity.
Last year, many suppliers were hurt by Apple's excessively
optimistic initial production forecast for the then-flagship iPhone
X, which it later slashed by some 20 million units for the first
three months of 2018.
"Doing business with Apple is very risky as it often reverses
what it has promised," said an executive with a supplier.
Supplier frustrations have been compounded by the lack of growth
in iPhone unit sales in recent years. Since peaking in fiscal 2015,
the number of iPhones sold annually has fallen 6% to 217.7 million
units.
While making components for 200 million-plus iPhones remains a
tremendous business for suppliers, most relied on the growth in
iPhones sold to boost their profits. Apple tightly controls margins
and asks many suppliers to make big investments in specialized
machinery to make its products, suppliers said.
"Growth fixes a lot of sins," the executive at an Apple supplier
said. "When it slows, rocks start to show up in the bottom of the
ocean."
Apple has offset slowing growth through the higher iPhone prices
and by focusing more on software and services. The strategy helped
the company report its best-ever annual revenue and profit for the
fiscal year ended in September; for the current quarter, it
projects revenue of $89 billion to $93 billion.
But while Apple has been enjoying record revenue and profit for
the past year, the same can't be said for many of its suppliers.
Unlike Apple, they can't benefit from services and software and
rely heavily on phone volumes, suppliers and analysts say.
"The freeway of Apple suppliers is littered with roadkill," said
Timothy Arcuri, an analyst with investment bank UBS who tracks the
iPhone supply chain. "That's one thing when units are growing and
another when units aren't going to grow. There's an argument to be
made now: Why take the risk?"
--
Yang Jie
in Beijing contributed to this article.
Write to Yoko Kubota at yoko.kubota@wsj.com, Takashi Mochizuki
at takashi.mochizuki@wsj.com and Tripp Mickle at
Tripp.Mickle@wsj.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
November 19, 2018 19:29 ET (00:29 GMT)
Copyright (c) 2018 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
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