Shareholder Fees
(fees paid directly from your investment):
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Advisor
Shares
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Institutional
Shares
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Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases
(as percentage of offering price)
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NONE
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NONE
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Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of net asset value)
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NONE
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NONE
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Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends
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NONE
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NONE
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Redemption Fee (as percentage of amount redeemed) (on shares held
for 90 days or less)
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NONE
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2.00
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%
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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your
investment):
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Advisor
Shares
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Institutional
Shares
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Management Fees
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1.34
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%
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1.34
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%
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Distribution (12b-1) Fees
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NONE
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0.25
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%
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Other Expenses*
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0.42
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%
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0.67
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%
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Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses*
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0.23
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%
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0.23
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%
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
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1.99
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%
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2.49
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%
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*
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Based on estimated expenses of the Fund for the current fiscal year.
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Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund
with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment
has a 5% return each year and the Funds operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
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1 Year
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3 Years
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Advisor Shares
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$202
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$624
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Institutional Shares
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$252
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$776
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Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs
and may result in higher
1
taxes when shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Funds performance.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under
normal conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities. The Fund also will invest in securities that provide exposure to equity securities (i.e., rights, warrants,
futures contracts, swaps, and equity options). The Fund will hold a broad and diverse group of equity securities of companies in countries with developed and emerging markets with greater emphasis on small capitalization and value companies. The
Fund may invest in companies of any market capitalization. The adviser and sub-advisers generally will consider selling securities when other securities are identified that may result in a better opportunity.
Generally, the Fund will invest in instruments of companies located in a number of different countries throughout the world, one of which may be the
United States. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest significantly (at least 40%) in companies (i) organized or located outside the U.S., (ii) whose primary trading market is located outside the U.S., or (iii) doing a
substantial amount of business outside the U.S., which the Fund considers as a company that derives at least 50% of its revenue from business outside the U.S. or has at least 50% of its assets outside the U.S. The Fund will allocate its assets among
various regions and countries, including the United States (but in no less than three different countries outside of the U.S.).
In pursuing
its investment objective, the Fund seeks to reduce the volatility of its net asset value relative to the MSCI ACWI All Cap Index (the Index), protect the value of its assets against periods of severe market stress (often referred to as
tail risk), and increase its return through systematic strategies. The use of systematic strategies refers to the use of a consistent process based on Models and Data (described below) to invest in securities that have factors expected
to outperform the market (e.g., an emphasis on smaller value companies than the general market). The Fund may pursue these goals by employing an options overlay strategy, whereby it writes (sells) call options on a portion of its stock holdings in
an effort to enhance returns with premiums received in connection with its option writing activities. The Fund may use this premium income to purchase index put options on equity securities and/or equity indexes that make up the Index. These options
will be below the current value of the security or index to reduce the Funds exposure to market risk and volatility. The extent of option activity will depend on market conditions and the advisers assessment of options positions on the
Funds stock holdings.
The Fund may also engage in tail risk hedging using financial derivatives (including options,
swaps, options on swaps, both short and/or long positions) that are expected to increase in value during periods of severe market stress (tail events). The Fund seeks to fully hedge the equity portion of the Funds investments using
derivatives, as noted above, by targeting the range of securities represented in the Index. The ability to fully hedge may depend on the (i) the amount of assets in the Fund, (ii) the commercially available terms of the derivative instruments,
(iii) general market conditions, and (iv) estimates of the fees and expenses of the Fund, as determined by the Fund in its sole discretion. To effectuate its strategy, the Fund will invest a portion of its assets in an unregistered investment
company that is designed as a risk management product.
In addition, the Fund may invest in other derivative instruments to seek return, hedge
against fluctuations in securities prices, interest rates or currency exchange rates, as a substitute for the purchase or sale of securities or currencies, or for investment purposes to increase its economic exposure to a particular security,
currency or index in a cost effective manner. In particular, the Fund may create long (short) positions in currencies that either offer a higher (lower) yield or that are expected to appreciate (depreciate) relative to other currencies. Permitted
derivatives include the purchase or sale of forward or futures contracts; options on futures contracts; exchange-traded and over-the-counter options; put and call spreads; equity collars, equity swap agreements, and equity index swap agreements. The
Funds use of swaps, futures contracts, forward contracts and certain other derivative instruments will have the economic effect of financial leverage. The Fund may also engage in covered short sales (on individual securities held or on an
index or basket of securities whose constituents are held in whole or in part). The Funds investment in derivatives will be no more than 20% of its assets and as otherwise may be limited by applicable law.
2
Given the complexity of the investments and strategies of the Fund, certain of the sub-advisers rely heavily
on quantitative models (both proprietary models developed by the sub-adviser and those supplied by third parties) and information and data supplied by third parties (Models and Data). Models and Data are used to (i) construct sets of
transactions and investments by helping to determine the expected returns of securities, (ii) provide risk management insights, and (iii) assist in hedging the Funds investments.
In constructing the Funds investment portfolio, the adviser and sub-advisers intend to consider federal tax implications when making investment decisions with respect to individual securities to
seek to provide a tax advantage. This approach is commonly referred to as a tax-managed approach and aims to limit the effect of federal income tax on investment returns by delaying and minimizing the realization of net capital gains and by
maximizing the extent to which any realized net capital gains are long-term in nature.
Principal Risks
Equity Market Risk:
Economic, political, and issuer-specific events will cause the value of securities and, therefore, the value of the
Funds shares, to rise and fall. Market conditions may affect certain types of securities more than others. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in the Fund and there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment
objective.
Small and Mid-Cap Company Risk:
Smaller capitalization companies may be more vulnerable than larger companies to adverse
business or economic developments and they may have more limited resources. Securities of small and mid-cap companies are often less liquid than those of large companies and this could make it difficult to sell such securities at a desired time or
price.
Foreign Securities and Currencies Risk:
Foreign securities prices may decline or fluctuate because of (i) economic or
political actions of foreign governments and/or (ii) less regulated or liquid securities markets. Investors holding these securities are also exposed to foreign currency risk, which is the possibility that foreign currency will fluctuate in
value against the U.S. dollar.
Emerging Markets Risk:
Emerging markets involve risks in addition to and greater than those generally
associated with investing in more developed foreign markets. These less developed markets can be subject to greater social, economic, regulatory, and political uncertainties and can be extremely volatile.
Derivatives Risk:
The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the asset, index, rate or
instrument underlying a derivative, due to failure of a counterparty or due to tax or regulatory constraints. Derivatives may create economic leverage in the Fund, which magnifies the Funds exposure to the underlying investment. Derivatives
risk may be more significant when derivatives are used to enhance return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge the risk of a position or security held by the Fund. Derivatives for hedging purposes may not reduce
risk if they are not sufficiently correlated to the position being hedged. A decision as to whether, when and how to use derivatives involves the exercise of specialized skill and judgment, and a transaction may be unsuccessful in whole or in part
because of market behavior or unexpected events. Derivative instruments may be difficult to value, may be illiquid, and may be subject to wide swings in valuation caused by changes in the
3
value of the underlying instrument. Derivatives that are traded over the counter also present credit risk (the risk that the other party to the derivative contract will not fulfill
its contractual obligations, whether because of bankruptcy or other default). The loss on derivative transactions may substantially exceed the initial investment. In addition, writing and purchasing call and put options are highly specialized
activities and the successful use of options depends in part on the future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and the securities markets. Unusual market conditions or the lack of a ready market for any particular
option at a specific time may reduce the effectiveness of the Funds option strategies and, for these and other reasons, the Funds option strategies may not reduce the Funds volatility to the extent desired. The Fund may reduce its
holdings of put options resulting in an increased exposure to a market decline.
Illiquid Investments:
The Fund invests primarily
in publicly traded securities and does not generally purchase securities that have legal or contractual restrictions on resale or that are illiquid except that certain derivative instruments may be illiquid and the Funds investment in the
unregistered investment company will be treated as illiquid. In addition, liquid securities purchased by the Fund may become illiquid because of issuer-specific events or changes in market conditions. Illiquid investments are subject to the risk
that the Fund will not be able to sell the investments when desired or at favorable prices. The Fund will not purchase an illiquid investment if, as a result, more than 15% of the value of the Funds net assets would be so invested.
Leverage Risk:
Investments in futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, and other derivative instruments provide the economic effect of
financial leverage by creating additional investment exposure, as well as the potential for greater loss. If the Fund uses leverage through activities such as purchasing derivative instruments in an effort to increase its returns, it has the risk of
magnified capital losses that occur when losses affect an asset base, enlarged by the creation of liabilities, that exceeds the net assets of the Fund. The net asset value of the Fund when employing leverage will be more volatile and sensitive to
market movements. Leverage may involve the creation of a liability that requires the Fund to pay interest.
Models and Data Risk:
When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. Similarly, any hedging based on faulty Models and Data may prove to be unsuccessful. Some of the models used by
a sub-adviser for the Fund are predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. Because predictive models are usually constructed based on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may
depend heavily on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied historical data.
Tax-Managed Investment Risk:
Market conditions may
limit the Funds ability to implement its tax-managed approach. For example, market conditions may limit the Funds ability to generate tax losses or to generate qualified dividend income, which for taxable years beginning before
January 1, 2013 is taxed to noncorporate shareholders at favorable rates. The Funds ability to utilize various tax-management techniques may be curtailed or eliminated in the future by legislation or regulation. Although the Fund expects
that a smaller portion of its total return will consist of taxable distributions to shareholders as compared to non-tax managed funds, there can be no assurance about the size of taxable distributions to shareholders. The performance of the Fund may
deviate from that of non-tax managed funds and may not provide as high a return before or after consideration of federal income tax consequences as non-tax managed funds.
Value Investment Risk
: Value stocks may perform differently from the market as a whole and following a value-oriented investment strategy may cause the Fund, at times, to underperform equity funds
that use other investment strategies.
4
Performance Information
Performance information is not included because, as of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations.
Management
Investment Adviser
Aspiriant LLC serves as the Funds investment adviser (the Adviser).
Sub-Advisers
AQR Capital Management, LLC (AQR) and Dimensional Fund Advisors
LP (DFA) serve as the sub-advisers for the equity portions of the Fund. Parametric Risk Advisors (PRA) serves as the sub-adviser for the options overlay strategy of the Fund.
Portfolio Managers
Jason Thomas,
Ph.D., CFA, Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser, has been responsible for directing the strategy and management of the Fund since its inception in 2012.
Jacques Friedman, Principal of AQR, Andrea Frazzini, Vice President of AQR, and Hoon Kim, Vice President of AQR, have co-managed the assets of the Fund allocated to AQR since its inception in 2012.
Joseph H. Chi, Jed S. Fogdall, and Karen E. Umland, each Senior Portfolio Manager and Vice President of DFA, and Henry F. Gray, Head of
Global Equity Trading and Vice President of DFA, have co-managed the assets of the Fund allocated to DFA since its inception in 2012. Messrs. Chi and Fogdall are also Co-Heads of Portfolio Management at DFA.
Kenneth Everding, Managing Director of PRA, and Jonathan Orseck, Managing Director of PRA, have co-managed the assets of the Fund allocated to PRA since
its inception in 2012.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any business day. Advisor Shares are only available to the Advisers clients through its master account. For Institutional Shares, you may purchase or
sell shares by written request, telephone, or wire transfer. The minimum initial investment in Institutional Shares of the Fund is $100,000. There is no minimum initial investment for Advisor Shares.
Tax Information
The Fund intends to
make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may
pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask
your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys website for more information.
5
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the Fund is to achieve long-term capital appreciation while considering federal tax implications of
investment decisions. The Funds investment objective may be changed without shareholder approval.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Adviser intends to implement the Funds strategies by hiring one or more sub-advisers to focus on specific
aspects of the Funds strategies. AQR and DFA are each responsible for a portion of the Funds global equity strategy and PRA is responsible for the Funds options overlay strategy.
Under normal conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in equity
securities. The types of equity securities the Fund will invest in include common stock, preferred stock, and depositary receipts. The Fund will also invest in securities that provide exposure to equity securities (i.e., rights, warrants, futures
contracts, swaps, and equity options). The Fund will hold a broad and diverse group of equity securities of companies in countries with developed and emerging markets with a greater emphasis, as compared to their representation in the Universe
(defined below), on companies exhibiting characteristics that have historically been associated with excess returns (i.e., valuation companies that are less expensive than the broad market as measured by their price-to-earnings or
price-to-book value ratios; capitalization companies that have a smaller market capitalization than the broad market; and momentum companies that have recently outperformed the broad market). The Fund defines the Universe as a market
capitalization-weighted portfolio of all public companies in developed and emerging markets that have been authorized for investment by a sub-adviser. The Fund intends to purchase stocks of companies associated with developed market and emerging
market countries, which may include frontier markets (emerging market countries in an earlier stage of development).
In
pursuing its investment objective, the Fund seeks to reduce the volatility of its net asset value relative to the MSCI ACWI All Cap Index (a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index designed to measure the equity market performance
of developed and emerging markets), protect the value of its assets against periods of severe market stress (often referred to as tail risk), and increase the its return through systematic strategies (i.e., buying the currency with the
highest yield and selling the currency with the lowest yield to earn the difference in interest rates). The Fund may pursue these goals, in part, by employing an options overlay strategy, including, but not limited to, writing (selling) call options
on a portion of its stock holdings in an effort to enhance returns with premiums received in connection with its option writing activities. The Fund may use this premium income to purchase index put options below the current value of the applicable
index to reduce the Funds exposure to market risk and volatility. The extent of option activity will depend upon market conditions and the advisers and sub-advisers assessment of the attractiveness of options positions on the
Funds stock holdings. The Fund may at times write call options or buy put options on all of its stock holdings and may at other times, in certain market circumstances, have no outstanding options positions. The Fund may also write call options
or put options on individual stocks. The Fund may sell the stock underlying a call option prior to purchasing back the call option (resulting in a naked call position).
The Fund also may engage in tail risk hedging using financial derivatives (including options, swaps, and swaptions, including
short and/or long positions) that are expected to increase in value during periods of severe market stress (tail events), especially those periods that are characterized by a
6
substantial decline in the equity market. The Fund may hold cash or invest the cash backing such derivative financial instruments in short-term investment grade instruments.
The Fund seeks to fully hedge the equity portion of the Funds investments using derivatives, as noted above, by targeting the range
of securities represented in the Index. The ability to fully hedge may depend on the (i) the amount of assets in the Fund, (ii) the commercially available terms of the derivative instruments, (iii) general market conditions, and (iv) estimates
of the fees and expenses of the Fund, as determined by the Fund in its sole discretion. The actual notional exposure of the Fund may vary and may be higher or lower than the target range. To effectuate its strategy, the Fund will invest a portion of
its assets in an unregistered investment company that is designed as a risk management product.
In addition to the
Funds primary options strategies described above, the Fund may invest in other derivative instruments to seek return, hedge against fluctuations in securities prices, interest rates or currency exchange rates, as a substitute for the purchase
or sale of securities or currencies, or for investment purposes to increase its economic exposure to a particular security, currency or index in a cost effective manner. In particular, the Fund may create long (short) positions in currencies that
either offer a higher (lower) yield or that are expected to appreciate (depreciate) relative to other currencies. Permitted derivatives include forward or futures contracts; options on futures contracts; exchange-traded and over-the-counter options;
put and call spreads; equity collars, equity swap agreements, and equity index swap agreements. The Funds use of swaps, futures contracts, forward contracts and certain other derivative instruments will have the economic effect of financial
leverage. The Fund may also engage in covered short sales on individual securities held or on an index or basket of securities whose constituents are held in whole or in part. The Funds investment in derivatives will be no more than 20% of its
assets and as otherwise may be limited by applicable law.
Given the complexity of the investments and strategies of the
Fund, certain of the sub-advisers rely heavily on quantitative models (both proprietary models developed by the sub-adviser, and those supplied by third parties) and information and data supplied by third parties (Models and Data).
Models and Data are used to (i) construct sets of transactions and investments by helping to determine the expected returns of securities, (ii) provide risk management insights, and (iii) assist in hedging the Funds investments.
In constructing the Funds investment portfolio, the Adviser and sub-advisers intend to consider federal tax implications when
making investment decisions with respect to individual securities to seek to provide a tax advantage. When consistent with the Funds investment policies, the Adviser and sub-advisers will buy and sell securities for the portfolio considering
the goals of: (i) delaying and minimizing the realization of net capital gains (e.g., selling stocks with capital losses to offset gains, realized or anticipated); and (ii) maximizing the extent to which any realized net capital gains are
long-term in nature (i.e., taxable to individuals at lower capital gains tax rates).
The Fund may invest up to 15% of the
value of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are securities that the Fund cannot sell or dispose of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the Fund carries the securities.
These securities include restricted securities and repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days. Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold to the public without an effective registration statement under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), and thus may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to an exemption from registration. Subject to the adoption of guidelines by the
7
Board, certain restricted securities that may be sold to institutional investors pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and non-exempt commercial paper may be determined to be liquid by the
Adviser or sub-adviser.
During periods of adverse market or economic conditions, the Fund may temporarily invest a
substantial portion of its assets in high quality, fixed-income securities, money market instruments, and shares of money market mutual funds, or it may hold cash. At such times, to preserve capital, the Fund would not be pursuing, and, therefore,
may not achieve, its stated investment objective with its usual investment strategies. The Fund may also hold these investments for liquidity purposes.
A description of the Funds policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds portfolio securities is available in the Funds SAI.
PRINCIPAL RISKS
Equity Market Risk
: Even a long-term investment approach cannot guarantee a profit. Economic, political, and issuer-specific events will cause the value of securities in which the Fund invests and,
therefore, the value of the Funds shares, to rise and fall. Market conditions may affect certain types of securities more than others. In addition, the stock of a company may not perform as well as expected, and may decrease in value, because
of factors related to the company. Among these factors are adverse developments regarding the companys business or management decisions, changes in the industry in which the company is engaged, and a reduction in the demand for a
companys products or services. Because the value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate, you may lose money and there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Small and Mid-Cap Company Risk
: In general, smaller capitalization companies are more vulnerable than larger companies to adverse business or
economic developments and they may have more limited resources. Securities of small and mid-cap companies are often less liquid than those of large companies and this could make it difficult to sell such securities at a desired time or price. As a
result, small and mid-cap company stocks may fluctuate relatively more in price.
Foreign Securities and Currencies Risk
: Investing in
securities of foreign companies involves risks generally not associated with investments in the securities of U.S. companies. These risks may relate to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, unreliable and untimely information about
issuers, and political and economic instability. Foreign security prices are affected by political, social, economic, and other conditions that are unique to a particular country or region. These conditions may relate to the existence of less
publicly available information, inferior regulatory oversight (for example, less demanding accounting, auditing, corporate governance, investor relations, and financial reporting standards), the possibility of government-imposed restrictions, and
even the nationalization of assets. The liquidity of foreign investments may be more limited than for comparable U.S. investments and, at times, it may be difficult to sell foreign securities at favorable prices. Currency risk results from changes
in the rate of exchange between the currency of the country in which a foreign company is domiciled or keeps its books and the U.S. dollar. Whenever the Fund holds securities valued in a foreign currency or holds the currency itself in connection
with its purchases and sales of foreign securities, changes in the exchange rate add to or subtract from the value of the investment in U.S. dollars. The Fund does not hedge foreign currency risk.
Emerging Markets Risk
: Emerging markets involve risks in addition to and greater than those generally associated with investing in more developed
foreign markets. Numerous emerging market countries have a history of, and continue to experience serious, and potentially continuing, economic and political problems. Stock markets in many emerging market countries are relatively small, expensive
to trade and risky. Foreigners are often limited in their ability to invest in, and withdraw assets from, these markets. Additional restrictions may be imposed under other conditions. In addition, frontier market countries
8
generally have smaller economies or less developed capital markets and, as a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries.
Derivatives Risk
: Derivatives are securities whose value is derived from that of other securities or indices. Derivatives typically allow the Fund
to increase or decrease the level of risk to which the Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments. The use of derivatives for non-hedging purposes may be considered more speculative than other types
of investments. When the Fund uses derivatives, the Fund will be directly exposed to the risks of that derivative including liquidity, interest rate, market, credit and management risks, and the risk of improper valuation. Changes in the value of
the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index, and the portfolio could lose more than the principal amount invested. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value
of the asset, index, rate or instrument underlying a derivative, due to failure of a counterparty or due to tax or regulatory constraints. Derivatives may create investment leverage in the Fund, which magnifies the Funds exposure to the
underlying investment. Derivative risks may be more significant when they are used to enhance return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge the risk of a position or security held by the Fund. Derivatives for
hedging purposes may not reduce risk if they are not sufficiently correlated to the position being hedged. A decision as to whether, when and how to use derivatives involves the exercise of specialized skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived
transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. Derivative instruments may be difficult to value, may be illiquid, and may be subject to wide swings in valuation caused by changes in the value of the
underlying instrument. The loss on derivative transactions may substantially exceed the initial investment.
Options on
Securities, Indices and Currencies
: The Fund may engage in transactions in exchange traded and over-the-counter (OTC) options. There are several risks associated with transactions in options such as imperfect correlation,
counterparty risk and an insufficient liquid secondary market for particular options. By buying a put option on a particular instrument, the Fund pays a premium for the right to sell the underlying instrument at the exercise price, thus limiting the
Funds risk of loss through a decline in the market value of the instrument until the put option expires. The Fund may purchase put options. The purchaser of an index put option has the right to receive a cash payment equal to any depreciation
in the value of the index below the exercise price of the put option as of the valuation date of the option. Because their exercise is settled in cash, sellers of index put options cannot provide in advance for their potential settlement obligations
by selling short the underlying securities. The Fund may lose the premium paid for purchased options. The Fund also has authority to write (i.e., sell) put options. The Fund will receive a premium for writing a put option, which may increase the
Funds return. In writing a put option on a particular instrument, the Fund has the obligation to buy the underlying instrument at an agreed upon price if the price of such instrument decreases below the exercise price. In writing index put
options, the Fund will be responsible, during the options life, for any decreases in the value of the index below the exercise price of the put option. When an index put option is exercised, the Fund will be required to deliver an amount of
cash determined by the excess of the exercise price of the option over the value of the index at contract termination. Thus, the exercise of put options sold by the Fund may require the Fund to sell portfolio securities to generate cash at
inopportune times or for unattractive prices.
A purchased call option on a particular instrument gives the Fund the right to
buy, and obligates the seller to sell, the underlying instrument at the exercise price at any time during the option period. The purchaser of an index call option has the right to receive a cash payment equal to any appreciation in the value of the
index over the exercise price of the call option as of the valuation date of the option. Because their exercise is settled in cash, sellers of index call options such as the Fund cannot provide in advance for their potential settlement obligations
by acquiring and holding
9
the underlying securities. The Fund also is authorized to write (i.e., sell) call options on instruments in which it may invest and to enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to
such options. A call option is an option in which the Fund, in return for a premium, gives another party a right to buy specified instruments owned by the Fund at a specified future date and price set at the time of the contract. The Funds
ability to sell the instrument underlying a call option may be limited while the option is in effect unless the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction. Uncovered calls have speculative characteristics and are riskier than covered calls
because there is no underlying instrument held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. If the Fund does not own the instrument underlying a written call option, it may be required to generate cash to purchase the security to meet the
requirements of the option. As the writer of index call options, the Fund will be responsible, during the options life, for any increases in the value of the index above the exercise price of the call option. When an index call option is
exercised, the Fund will be required to deliver an amount of cash determined by the excess of the value of the index at contract termination over the exercise price of the option.
In a put option spread, the Fund writes out-of-the money index put options in combination with the purchase of index put options at a
higher exercise price. This combination protects the Fund against a decline in the index price, but only to the stated exercise price of the index option written. The premium received for writing a put option on an index offsets, in part, the
premium paid to purchase the index put option. Put option spreads are designed to protect against a decline in value of an index to the extent of the difference between a put option purchased and a put option sold on the index. Entering into put
option spreads is typically less expensive than a strategy of only purchasing index put options and in a flat to upwardly moving market may benefit the Fund by reducing the cost of the downside protection, however, the downside protection is limited
as compared to just owning an index put option. Accordingly, at times when the Fund owns a put option spread instead of just owning an index put option, the Funds risk of loss will be greater to the extent that the indexs loss exceeds
the difference between the exercise price of the put option purchased and the put option written.
Options positions are
marked to market daily. The value of options is affected by changes in the value and dividend rates of the securities underlying the option or represented in the index underlying the option, changes in interests rates, changes in the actual or
perceived volatility of the relevant index or market and the remaining time to the options expiration, as well as trading conditions in the options market.
Covered Calls and Equity Collars:
With respect to call options on individual equity securities, while the Fund generally will write only covered call options, it may sell the instrument underlying
a call option prior to entering into a closing purchase transaction on up to 10% of the Funds net assets, provided that such sale will not occur more than three days prior to the option buy back. In an equity collar, the Fund simultaneously
writes a call option and purchases a put option on the same instrument. With respect to call options on equity indices, the holdings of individual securities underlying the index is deemed by the investment adviser to be covering the call option
sold. The Fund may invest in uncovered call options when the security has been sold before the option expires.
Futures
Contracts
: The Fund may engage in transactions in futures contracts and options on futures contracts. Futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts that obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific
amount of an asset at a specified future date at a specified price. Futures contracts involve substantial leverage risk. The Fund also is authorized to purchase or sell call and put options on futures contracts. The primary risks
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associated with the use of futures contracts and options are imperfect correlation, liquidity, unanticipated market movement and counterparty risk.
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts:
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts are individually negotiated and privately
traded so they are dependent upon the creditworthiness of the counterparty. They are subject to the risk of political and economic factors applicable to the countries issuing the underlying currencies. Furthermore, unlike trading in most other types
of instruments, there is no systematic reporting of last sale information with respect to the foreign currencies underlying forwards. As a result, available information may not be complete.
Equity Swaps:
Equity swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective returns as calculated on a
notional amount of an equity index (such as the S&P 500 Index), basket of equity securities, or individual equity security. The success of swap agreements is dependent on the investment advisers ability to predict correctly whether certain
types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Other risks include liquidity and counterparty risk.
Short Sales
: A short sale typically involves the sale of a security that is borrowed from a broker or other institution to complete the sale.
Short sales expose the seller to the risk that it will be required to acquire securities to replace the borrowed securities (also known as covering the short position) at a time when the securities sold short have appreciated in value,
thus resulting in a loss. When making a short sale, the Fund must segregate liquid assets equal to (or otherwise cover) its obligations under the short sale. The seller of a short position generally realizes a profit on the transaction if the price
it receives on the short sale exceeds the cost of closing out the position by purchasing securities in the market, but generally realizes a loss if the cost of closing out the short position exceeds the proceeds of the short sale.
Illiquid Investments:
Illiquid securities involve the risk that the securities will not be able to be sold at the time the Adviser desires or at
prices approximating the value at which the Fund is carrying the securities. If, as a result of changes in the values of securities held by the Fund, the value of holdings by the Fund of illiquid securities exceeds 15% of the value of the
Funds net assets, the Adviser will take appropriate actions to reduce the Funds holdings of illiquid securities to 15% of the value of the Funds net assets as soon as reasonably practicable, in a manner consistent with prudent
management and the interests of the Fund.
Leverage Risk:
Investments in futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, and other
derivative instruments provide the economic effect of financial leverage by creating additional investment exposure, as well as the potential for greater loss. Financial leverage magnifies exposure to the swings in prices of an asset underlying a
derivative instrument and results in increased volatility, which means the Fund will have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund does not use derivative instruments that have a leveraging
effect. Leveraging tends to magnify, sometimes significantly, the effect of any increase or decrease in the Funds exposure to an asset and may cause the Funds net asset value to be volatile. For example, if the Adviser or a sub-adviser
seeks to gain enhanced exposure to a specific asset through a derivative instrument providing leveraged exposure to the asset and that derivative instrument increases in value, the gain to the Fund will be magnified; however, if that investment
decreases in value, the loss to the Fund will be magnified. A decline in the Funds assets due to losses magnified by the derivative instruments providing leveraged exposure may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions to satisfy its
obligations, to meet redemption requests, or to meet asset segregation requirements when it may not be advantageous to do so. There is no assurance that the use of derivative instruments providing enhanced exposure will enable the Fund to achieve
its investment objective.
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Models and Data Risk:
When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in
reliance thereon expose the Fund to potential risks. For example, by relying on Models and Data, the sub-adviser may be induced to buy certain investments at prices that are too high, to sell certain other investments at prices that are too low, or
to miss favorable opportunities altogether. Similarly, any hedging based on faulty Models and Data may prove to be unsuccessful. Some of the models used by a sub-adviser are predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. For
example, such models may incorrectly forecast future behavior, leading to potential losses on a cash flow and/or a mark-to-market basis. In addition, in unforeseen or certain low-probability scenarios (often involving a market disruption of some
kind), such models may produce unexpected results, which can result in losses Furthermore, because predictive models are usually constructed based on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily
on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied historical data. All models rely on correct market data inputs. If incorrect market data is entered into even a well-founded model, the resulting information will be incorrect. However, even if market
data is input correctly, model prices will often differ substantially from market prices, especially for securities with complex characteristics, such as derivative securities.
Tax-Managed Investment Risk:
Market conditions may limit the Funds ability to implement its tax-managed approach. For example, market conditions may limit the Funds ability to generate
tax losses or to generate qualified dividend income, which for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013 is taxed to noncorporate shareholders at favorable rates. The tax-managed strategy may affect the investment decisions made for the
Fund. For example, the Funds tax-managed strategy may cause the Fund to hold a security in order to achieve more favorable tax-treatment or to sell a security in order to create tax losses. The Funds ability to utilize various
tax-management techniques may be curtailed or eliminated in the future by legislation or regulation. Although the Fund expects that a smaller portion of its total return will consist of taxable distributions to shareholders as compared to non-tax
managed funds, there can be no assurance about the size of taxable distributions to shareholders. The performance of the Fund may deviate from that of non-tax managed funds and may not provide as high a return before or after consideration of
federal income tax consequences as non-tax managed funds. The Funds tax-sensitive investment strategy involves active management and the Fund can realize capital gains.
Value Investing Risk:
Value investing focuses on companies with stocks that appear undervalued in light of factors such as the companys earnings, book value, revenues or cash flow. If the
assessment of a companys value or its prospects for exceeding earnings expectations or market conditions is inaccurate, the Fund could suffer losses or produce poor performance relative to other funds. In addition, value stocks may perform
differently from the market as a whole and following a value-oriented investment strategy may cause the Fund, at times, to underperform funds that use other investment strategies.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Investment Adviser
Aspiriant LLC, located at 11100 Santa Monica Blvd.,
Suite 600, Los Angeles, CA 90025, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser is owned by its key employees and has 40 equity partners. The Adviser provides state-of-the-art, global investment solutions across every asset class, as
well as unparalleled depth and sophistication in addressing the most complex aspects of wealth management. As of June 30, 2012, the Adviser had approximately $6.8 billion total assets under management.
The Adviser manages and supervises the investment of the Funds assets on a discretionary basis. The Adviser oversees the
sub-advisers to the Fund to ensure their compliance with the investment strategies and policies of the Fund. The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board) oversees the Adviser and the
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sub-advisers and establishes policies that the Adviser and sub-advisers must follow in their management activities. The Funds semiannual shareholder report dated January 31, 2013 will
provide information regarding the basis for the Boards approval of the Funds investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements. For the advisory services it provides pursuant to the advisory agreement, the Adviser is entitled to a fee
calculated at an annual rate of 1.34% of the Funds average daily net assets. The Adviser is responsible for paying the sub-advisers for their services to the Fund.
The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or reimburse expenses to keep total annual operating expenses (excluding interest expenses, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and
expenses, dividend costs related to short sales, and extraordinary expenses) from exceeding 2.25% of Advisor Shares and 2.50% of Institutional Shares. The expense limitation agreement may be terminated by the Board at any time and will terminate if
the Adviser no longer serves as investment adviser to the Fund. For a period not to exceed two years from the end of the fiscal year in which the expenses were incurred, the Fund will reimburse the Adviser for amounts previously paid or absorbed by
the Adviser in excess of the expense limitation if at any time total annual operating expenses are less than the expense limitation.
The Adviser may recommend to the Board that a sub-adviser be hired, terminated, or replaced, or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. Under the terms of an exemptive application the
Trust and the Adviser will be filing with the SEC, the Adviser may, subject to Board approval but without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment adviser, either as a replacement for an
existing adviser or as an additional adviser. Any significant change in the Funds advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. There is no assurance the exemption will be granted. If the exemption is not granted,
shareholder approval would be required to hire a new sub-adviser.
Sub-Advisers
AQR serves as a sub-adviser for a portion of the Funds equity strategy. Located at Two Greenwich Plaza, 3rd Floor, Greenwich, CT
06830, AQR was organized in 1998 and provides investment management services to registered investment companies, collective investment vehicles, private investment partnerships, foreign investment companies, and separately managed accounts. As of
June 30, 2012, AQR and is affiliates had approximately $54.3 billion under management.
DFA serves as a sub-adviser for a
portion of the Funds equity strategy. Its principal address is Palisades West, 6300 Bee Cave Road, Building One, Austin, TX 78746. DFA has been engaged in the business of providing investment management services since May 1981. DFA is
currently organized as a Delaware limited partnership and is controlled and operated by its general partner, Dimensional Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation. As of June 30, 2012, assets under management for DFA and its affiliates totaled
approximately $235 billion.
PRA serves as the sub-adviser for the options overlay strategy of the Fund. Located at 274
Riverside Avenue, Westport, CT 06880, PRA is an affiliate of Parametric Portfolio Associates, LLC, which is a majority-owned affiliate of Eaton Vance Corp. PRA (or its predecessor) has specialized in option strategies since it was formed in 2003. As
of June 30, 2012, PRA had approximately $4 billion total assets under management.
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Portfolio Managers
Jason Thomas, Ph.D., CFA, Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser or a predecessor firm since 2005, is responsible for overall management of the Fund. Dr. Thomas oversees all aspects of the
Advisers investment activities. Dr. Thomas was previously associated with Wilshire Associates, Goldman Sachs, and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Dr. Thomas earned M.A. and B.A. degrees in Economics and a Ph.D. in
Political Economy from the University of Southern California and an M.B.A from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business.
Jacques Friedman, who joined AQR at its inception in 1998, is a principal of the firm and is Head of the Global Stock Selection group. Prior to joining AQR, he was an Associate in the Quantitative
Research Group at Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Mr. Friedman holds a B.S. in Applied Mathematics from Brown University and an M.S. in Applied Mathematics from the University of Washington.
Andrea Frazzini, Ph.D., is a Vice President of AQR. Prior to joining AQR, Dr. Frazzini was a Professor of Finance at University of
Chicago Graduate School of Business and a Research Associate at the NBER. He also served as a consultant for DKR Capital Partners and JP Morgan Securities and served on the Board of Directors of CRSP. He earned a B.S. in Economics from the
University of Rome III, an M.S. in Economics from the London School of Economics, and a Ph.D. in Economics from Yale University.
Hoon Kim, Ph.D., is a Vice President of AQR. Prior to joining AQR, Dr. Kim worked for Mellon Capital Management in San Francisco where he was Head of Quantitative Equity Research. He earned his B.A.
in Business Administration from Yonsei University in South Korea and his M.B.A and Ph.D. in Business/Accounting from Carnegie Mellon University. He is a CPA (in Korea) and a CFA charterholder.
Joseph H. Chi, CFA, is a Senior Portfolio Manager and Vice President of DFA, co-head of DFAs portfolio management group, and
chairman of DFAs Investment Committee. Mr. Chi joined DFA in 2005 and has been responsible for international equity portfolios since 2010 and domestic equity portfolios since 2012. Mr. Chi received his M.B.A. and B.S. in Electrical
Engineering from the University of California at Los Angeles and a J.D. from the University of Southern California.
Jed S.
Fogdall is a Senior Portfolio Manager and Vice President of DFA, co-head of DFAs portfolio management group, and a member of DFAs Investment Committee. Mr. Fogdall joined DFA in 2004 and has been responsible for international equity
portfolios since 2010 and domestic equity portfolios since 2012. Mr. Fogdall received his M.B.A. from the University of California at Los Angeles and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University.
Karen E. Umland, CFA, is a Senior Portfolio Manager and Vice President of DFA and a member of DFAs Investment Committee.
Ms. Umland joined DFA in 1993 and has been responsible for international equity portfolios since 1998. Ms. Umland received her M.B.A, from the University of California at Los Angeles and a B.A. in Economics from Yale University.
Henry F. Gray is Head of Global Equity Trading and a Vice President of the Adviser and a member of DFAs Investment
Committee. Mr. Gray joined DFA in 1995, was a Portfolio Manager from 1995 to 2005, has been Head of Global Equity Trading since 2006, and has been responsible for domestic equity and international equity portfolios since 2012. Mr. Gray
received his M.B.A. from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and an A.B. in Economics from Princeton University.
Kenneth Everding and Jonathan Orseck are the PRA portfolio managers responsible for the implementation of the options overlay strategies
utilized in managing the Fund. Mr. Everding has been a Managing Director of PRA (or its predecessor) since 2005. Mr. Orseck has been a Managing Director of PRA (or its predecessor) since 2006.
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VALUING SHARES
The net asset value (NAV) of the Funds shares is determined once daily as of the close of regular trading of the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), on each day the NYSE is open for business. The Fund calculates its NAV per share by dividing the value of its net assets (i.e., the value of its assets less its liabilities)
by the total number of shares outstanding. The Funds investments are valued at their market value or, if market quotations are not readily available, at their fair value as determined in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board.
Securities of the Fund traded on foreign stock exchanges are generally valued based upon the closing prices for those securities on the principal exchanges where the securities are traded, subject to possible adjustment as described below. The value
of non-dollar-denominated portfolio securities held by the Fund are determined by converting all assets and liabilities initially expressed in foreign currency values into U.S. dollar values, based on exchange rates supplied by a quotation service.
If market quotations for a security are not readily available or if the Adviser believes that market quotations do not
accurately reflect fair value of a security, that security will be valued at its fair value as determined in good faith by the Adviser or through the use of a pricing service under procedures established and periodically reviewed by and under the
ultimate supervision of the Board. A fair value determination may be required if, for example, (1) only a bid price or an asked price is available, (2) the spread between bid and asked prices is substantial, (3) there is a suspension
or limitation of trading, or (4) events or actions affecting the market prices of portfolio securities occur after the close of the relevant market. Determining the fair value of portfolio securities involves reliance on judgment, and a
securitys fair value may be affected by the method used for determining value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could purchase or sell a portfolio security at the price used to calculate the Funds NAV. Because of the inherent
uncertainty in making fair value determinations and the various factors considered in determining fair value, there can be significant deviations between the fair value at which a portfolio security is being carried and the price at which it is
purchased or sold.
Foreign securities in which the Fund invests may be traded in markets that close before the time that the
Fund calculates its NAV. In addition, certain foreign securities in which the Fund invests may be listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not calculate its NAV. In these situations, the value of the
Funds holdings may change on days when shareholders are not able to purchase or redeem the Funds shares. The Board has authorized the Fund to retain a pricing service to determine the value of its portfolio securities, including the
determination of the fair value of securities in situations when the value of such securities has been materially affected by events occurring before the Funds pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which such
foreign securities are traded. These intervening events might be country-specific (
e.g.
, natural disaster, economic or political developments, interest-rate change), issuer-specific (
e.g.
, earnings report, merger announcement), or U.S.
market-specific (
e.g.
, a significant movement in the U.S. markets that is deemed to affect the value of foreign securities). The pricing service uses an automated system incorporating a model based on multiple parameters, including a
securitys local closing price; relevant general and sector indices; currency fluctuations; trading in depository receipts and futures, if applicable; and research valuations by its staff, in determining what it believes is the fair value of
the securities. To the extent that the Fund has significant holdings of foreign securities, fair valuation may be used by the Fund more frequently than is the case for other mutual funds.
PURCHASING SHARES
Advisor Shares of the Fund are available to investment management clients of the Adviser through its master account. You may purchase Institutional Shares of the Fund directly from the Fund by contacting
the Funds transfer agent or from financial intermediaries that make shares of the Fund available to their
15
customers. You may purchase the Funds shares at the NAV per share next computed after receipt of your purchase order in proper form by the Funds transfer agent or a financial
intermediary. An order is in proper form if it is complete and contains all required information.
The minimum initial
investment in Institutional Shares of the Fund is $100,000. There is no minimum initial investment for Advisor Shares and there is no minimum subsequent investment amount for either class of shares. The Fund may waive any minimum investment
requirements in special circumstances and may modify or add a requirement at any time. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order and may suspend the sale of shares at any time.
Shares of the Fund have not been registered for sale outside the U.S. The Fund generally does not sell shares to investors residing
outside the U.S., even if they are U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents, except to investors with U.S. military APO or FPO addresses.
To comply with the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and the Funds Anti-Money-Laundering Program, you are required to provide certain information to the Fund when you purchase shares. You must supply your
full name, date of birth, Social Security number, and permanent street address (and not a post office box) on your account application. You may, however, use a post office box as your mailing address. Please call 1-877-997-9971 if you need
additional assistance when completing your account application. If we cannot obtain reasonable proof of your identity, the account may be rejected and you will not be allowed to purchase additional shares for your account until the necessary
information is received. The Fund reserves the right to close any account after shares are purchased if clarifying information or documentation is requested but is not received.
ACH Purchases
Even if you do not open your account online, you may
purchase additional shares of the Fund through an ACH transfer of money from your checking or savings account. The ACH service will automatically debit your pre-designated bank account for the desired amount. Shares purchased using an ACH transfer
will be issued at the NAV per share next computed after your order is received. For more information on this service, and required forms, please call 1-877-997-9971. When you pay for shares using an ACH transfer (including any purchase you make on
the Internet), the proceeds of a redemption of those shares may be delayed until the ACH transfer has been converted to federal funds, a process that may take up to eight days.
Purchase by Mail
You may also purchase shares by sending a check made
payable to the Fund together with a completed account application in the case of an initial investment, to:
Regular
Mail
P.O. Box 2175
Milwaukee, WI 53201-2175
Express/Overnight Mail
Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund
c/o UMB Fund Services, Inc.
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53233
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Subsequent investments made by check should be accompanied with the investment form (which
will be enclosed with the confirmations and statements sent by the Fund and is also available from the Funds transfer agent).
The Fund does not accept payment in cash or money orders. The Fund also does not accept third-party checks, Treasury checks, cashiers checks, official checks, tellers checks, credit card
checks, travelers checks, or starter checks for the purchase of shares. The Fund is unable to accept post-dated checks, post-dated online bill-pay checks, or any conditional order or payment. In addition, undated checks, unsigned checks, and
checks dated six months or more before their receipt by the transfer agent will be rejected. Checks for the purchase of shares must be made payable to the Fund and be drawn on a bank located within the U.S. and payable in U.S. dollars. Always write
your Fund account number on the check.
Payments for redemptions of shares recently purchased by check (but not the date as of
which the redemption price is determined) will be returned to shareholder for future resubmission. This delay can be avoided if shares are purchased by wire and does not apply if there are sufficient other shares in your account to satisfy the
requested redemption. The transfer agent will charge you a $25 fee for any returned check.
Purchase by Wire
You may purchase shares for initial investment or for subsequent investments by wiring federal funds. Please call the transfer agent at
1-877-997-9971 for wire transfer instructions.
For Initial Investment by Wire
If you are making your first investment in the Fund, before you wire funds, the transfer agent must have received your completed account
application. You can mail or overnight-deliver your account application to the transfer agent. Upon receipt of your account application, the transfer agent will establish an account for you. The wire from your bank must include the name of the Fund
and your name and account number so that your wire can be correctly applied.
For Subsequent Investments by Wire
Before sending your wire, please call the transfer agent at 1-888-863-8803 to ensure prompt and accurate credit upon
receipt of your wire. Wired funds must be received before the close of the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, to be eligible for same-day pricing. The Fund and its agents are not responsible for the consequences of delays resulting from the
banking or Federal Reserve wire system, or for incomplete wire instructions or errors in those instructions.
Purchase Through an
Authorized Securities Dealer or Mutual Fund Marketplace
You may purchase shares of the Fund through any securities dealer
or mutual fund marketplace that has been authorized by the Fund to make shares available. Authorized securities dealers may be authorized by the Fund to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders. An order to purchase
shares is deemed received by the Fund when the authorized securities dealer (or, if applicable, its authorized designee) receives the order in such form as meets requirements established by the particular securities dealer or mutual fund
marketplace, and shares will be issued at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of your order.
Your securities
dealer, a mutual fund marketplace, or another financial organization may establish policies that differ from those of the Fund. For example, the organization may impose higher minimum
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investment requirements than are imposed by the Fund or may charge you a transaction fee or other fees, which may not be imposed by the Fund, in connection with purchases and redemptions of Fund
shares.
Canceled or Failed Payments
The Fund accepts checks and ACH transfers for the purchase of shares at full value, subject to collection. If you pay for shares with a check or ACH transfer that does not clear, your purchase will be
canceled. You will be responsible for any resulting losses or expenses incurred by the Fund or the transfer agent and the Fund may redeem shares you own in the account to effect reimbursement. The Fund and its agents have the right to reject or
cancel any purchase order because of nonpayment.
Frequent Trading Policy
The Fund is intended to serve as an investment vehicle for long-term investors. Frequent trading or market timing, which the Fund
generally defines as redeeming shares within 90 days of their purchase, can disrupt the Funds investment program and create additional transaction costs that all remaining shareholders bear. Therefore, the Fund believes that it is not in its
shareholders interests to accommodate frequent trading and it has adopted policies and procedures designed to deter this practice. For Institutional Shares, the Board has approved the imposition of a 2.00% redemption fee on shares that are
redeemed within 90 days of purchasing such shares, with certain exceptions described below. The redemption fee is paid directly to the Fund and is designed to offset brokerage commissions, market impact, and other costs associated with short-term
trading.
In addition, the Fund may reject any purchase order that it regards as disruptive to efficient portfolio management.
The Fund relies primarily on the imposition of a redemption fee to deter market timers with respect to its Institutional Shares. Although imposition of this fee is intended to discourage abusive trading practices in shares of the Fund, there can be
no assurance that such activity will not occur. Investors whom the Fund identifies as engaging in abusive trading practices will be notified of the Funds adverse view of market timing and the Fund may terminate these relationships. In making
such judgments, the Fund seeks to act in a manner it believes to be consistent with shareholders best interests. Although these efforts are designed to discourage abusive trading practices, these tools cannot eliminate the possibility that
such activity will occur.
It is important to recognize that, because of the complexity involved in identifying abusive
trading activity and the volume of shareholder transactions, there can be no assurance that the Funds efforts will identify all trades or trading practices that may be considered abusive. The Fund has entered into agreements with financial
intermediaries obligating them to provide, upon request, information regarding their customers and their customers transactions in shares of the Fund. The Fund relies on financial intermediaries (other than the transfer agent) and information
provided by financial intermediaries to monitor trades of shareholders whose shares are held in group or omnibus accounts by the financial intermediaries. The Fund will generally rely on the financial intermediaries to impose a redemption fee where
applicable and to prohibit or bring to the attention of the Trust transactions that may be abusive. The Fund reserves the right to reject any order placed from an omnibus account, and if it deems it appropriate because of a financial
intermediarys failure to comply with its responsibilities, the Fund may terminate the right of the financial intermediary to maintain an omnibus account.
REDEEMING SHARES
You may redeem shares of the
Fund at any time. As described below, redemption requests may be made by mail or telephone through the transfer agent or may be made through an authorized financial intermediary or mutual fund marketplace. Your shares will be redeemed at their
current NAV per share
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next computed after receipt of your redemption request in proper form. The value of the shares redeemed may be more or less than their original cost, depending on changes in the Funds NAV
per share.
For Institutional Shares, a redemption fee of 2.00% of the then-current value of the shares redeemed is imposed on
redemptions of shares made within 90 days of purchase (
i.e.
, the redemption is effective on or before the 90th day following the date of purchase), subject to certain exceptions. The fee does not apply to the redemption of shares that were
purchased by reinvesting dividends or other distributions. It also does not apply to redemptions for which the shareholder or the shareholders agent notifies the transfer agent that the redemption is being made to make required distributions
from an Individual Retirement Account (an IRA) (or other tax-deferred retirement account) or to redemptions following the death or disability of a shareholder. For purposes of determining whether the redemption fee applies, shares held
for the longest time will be deemed to have been redeemed first.
The Fund normally makes payment for all shares redeemed as
soon as practicable, generally within two business days but no later than seven days after receipt by the transfer agent of a redemption request in proper form. If you purchase shares by check or ACH and submit shortly thereafter a redemption
request, the redemption proceeds will not be transmitted to you until your purchase check or ACH transfer has cleared. This process may take up to eight days. Shareholders who redeem shares held in an IRA must indicate on their redemption request
whether federal income taxes or any applicable state taxes should be withheld. If not, this type of redemption can be subject to federal income tax withholding and, possibly, state taxes. The Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone
payment of redemption proceeds under unusual circumstances, as permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act (1940 Act) or by the SEC.
The Fund generally pays redemption proceeds in cash, however, under certain circumstances (e.g., when making a charitable contribution), the Fund may pay all or part of your redemption proceeds in liquid
securities with a market value equal to the redemption price (redemption in kind). If your shares are redeemed in kind, you would have to pay transaction costs to sell the securities distributed to you, as well as taxes on any capital gains from the
sale as with any redemption. In addition, you would continue to be subject to the risks of any market fluctuation in the value of the securities you receive in kind until they are sold.
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed by using one of the procedures described below. For additional information regarding redemption
procedures, you may call 1-877-997-9971 or contact your securities dealer.
You may redeem shares by mailing a written request
to:
Regular Mail
P.O. Box 2175
Milwaukee, WI 53201-2175
Express/Overnight Mail
Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund
c/o UMB Fund Services, Inc.
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53233
19
The proceeds of a written redemption request are normally paid by check made payable to the
shareholders. You may request that redemption proceeds of $1,000 or more be wired to your account at any member bank of the Federal Reserve System if you have previously designated that account as one to which redemption proceeds may be wired. See
Telephone Redemption Requests. A $20 fee will be deducted from your account if payment is made by federal funds wire transfer. This fee is subject to change. Depending on how quickly you wish to receive payment, you can request that
payment be made by ACH transfer, without charges, if you have established this redemption option.
Signature Guarantees
The transfer agent has adopted standards and procedures pursuant to which signature guarantees in proper form are generally accepted from
domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies, and savings associations, as well as from participants in the NYSE Medallion Signature Program and the Securities
Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP). A notary public is not an acceptable signature guarantor. A signature guarantee of each owner is required to redeem shares in the following situations:
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If ownership changes on your account.
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When redemption proceeds are sent to any person, address, or bank account not on record.
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When establishing or modifying certain services on an account.
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If the transfer agent received a change of address within the past 15 days.
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For all redemptions in excess of $50,000 from any shareholder account.
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The transfer agent may also require a signature guarantee in other instances it deems appropriate. If you have any questions about
signature guarantees, please call 1-877-997-9971.
Telephone Redemption Requests
You may redeem shares by telephone request if you have elected to have this option. To arrange for telephone redemptions after an account
has been opened, or to change the bank account or address designated to receive redemption proceeds, please call 1-877-997-9971 to obtain the forms. The request must be signed by each account owner and may require a signature guarantee. You may
place a telephone redemption request of up to $50,000 by calling 1-877-997-9971. You may choose to have the redemption paid by check sent to your address of record, or by federal funds wire transfer (minimum amount of $1,000) or electronic ACH funds
transfer to your pre-designated bank account. A $20 fee will be deducted from your account if payment is made by federal funds wire transfer. This fee is subject to change. There is no charge for proceeds sent by ACH transfer; however, you may not
receive credit for transferred funds for two to three days.
By selecting the telephone redemption option, you authorize the
transfer agent to act on telephone instructions reasonably believed to be genuine. The transfer agent employs reasonable procedures, such as requiring a form of personal identification, to confirm that telephone redemption instructions are genuine.
Neither the Fund nor the transfer agent will be liable for any losses resulting from unauthorized or fraudulent instructions if these procedures are followed. The Fund reserves the right to refuse any request made by telephone, including requests
made shortly after a change of address, and may limit the number of requests within a specified period. Once a telephone transaction has been placed, it cannot be canceled or modified.
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Redemptions Through an Authorized Securities Dealer or Mutual Fund Marketplace
If you hold shares through a securities dealer or mutual fund marketplace, you may place your redemption request through that
organization. Shares will be redeemed at the NAV per share next computed after your request is received. Please keep in mind that an authorized securities dealer (or its designee) may charge you a transaction fee or other fees for processing a
redemption of Fund shares.
Redemption of Small Accounts
To reduce Fund expenses, the Fund reserves the right to redeem at their option, upon not less than 30 days written notice, the account of any shareholder that has a value of less than $25,000 in the Fund
as a result of one or more redemptions, if the shareholder does not purchase additional shares to increase the account value to at least $25,000 in the Fund during the notice period.
DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES
Distribution Plan
Institutional Shares of the Fund has in effect a plan
under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act that allows that share class to pay for the sale and distribution of shares in an annual amount equal to 0.25% of average daily net assets. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds Institutional
Shares assets on an ongoing basis, over time they will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Other Compensation to Intermediaries
From its own assets, the Adviser may
make payments based on gross sales and current assets to selected brokerage firms or institutions. The amount of these payments may be substantial. The minimum aggregate sales required for eligibility for such payments, and the factors in selecting
the brokerage firms and institutions to which they will be made, are determined from time to time by the Adviser. Furthermore, the Adviser may pay fees from its own assets to brokers, banks, financial advisers, retirement plan service providers and
other financial intermediaries (i) for providing distribution-related or shareholder services, (ii) to compensate them for marketing expenses they incur, or (iii) to pay for the opportunity to have them distribute the Fund. The amount
of these payments is determined by the Adviser and may differ among financial intermediaries. Such payments may provide incentives for financial intermediaries to make shares of the Fund available to their customers and may allow the Fund greater
access to such financial intermediaries and their customers than would be the case if no payments were made. You may wish to consider whether such arrangements exist when evaluating any recommendation to purchase shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN
Institutional Shares of the Fund has in effect a shareholder services plan permitting that share class to pay financial institutions that provide certain shareholder services to the Funds
Institutional Shares a shareholder services fee at an annual rate of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Funds Institutional Shares attributable to the financial institution. The shareholder services may include (i) establishing
and maintaining accounts and records relating to shareholders; (ii) processing dividend and distribution payments from the Fund on behalf of shareholders; (iii) providing information periodically to shareholders showing their positions in
shares and integrating such statements with those of other transactions and balances in shareholders other accounts serviced by such financial institution; (iv)
21
arranging for bank wires; (v) responding to shareholder inquiries relating to the services performed; (vi) responding to routine inquiries from shareholders concerning their
investments; (vii) providing sub-accounting with respect to shares beneficially owned by shareholders, or the information to the Fund necessary for sub-accounting; (viii) if required by law, forwarding shareholder communications from the
Fund (such as proxies, shareholder reports, annual and semi-annual financial statements and dividend, distribution and tax notices) to shareholders; (ix) assisting in processing purchase, exchange and redemption requests from shareholders and
in placing such orders with service contractors; (x) assisting shareholders in changing dividend options, account designations and addresses; (xi) providing shareholders with a service that invests the assets of their accounts in shares
pursuant to specific or pre-authorized instructions; and (xii) providing such other similar services as the Funds Institutional Shares or its shareholders may reasonably request to the extent the financial institution is permitted to do
so under applicable statutes, rules and regulations.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund pays dividends from its net investment income and distributes any net capital gains that it realizes. Dividends and capital
gains distributions are generally paid once a year. All dividends and other distributions will be reinvested in Fund shares unless a shareholder chooses either to (1) receive dividends in cash, while reinvesting capital gains distributions in
additional Fund shares, or (2) receive all distributions in cash. Additionally, the Fund reports details of distribution related transactions on quarterly account statements.
TAX INFORMATION
The Fund intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company for federal tax purposes, and it, therefore, does not expect to be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income and gains
that it distributes to its shareholders. The Fund intends to distribute its income and gains in a way that it will not be subject to a federal excise tax on certain undistributed amounts.
The Funds dividends and capital gains distributions are taxable to most investors (unless your investment is an unleveraged
investment made in an IRA or other tax-advantaged account). The tax status of any dividend or distribution is generally the same regardless of how long you have been an investor in the Fund and regardless of whether you reinvest your dividends and
distributions or take them as cash. In general, dividends paid from the Funds net investment income (which would include short-term capital gains) are taxable either as ordinary income or, for taxable years beginning before January 1,
2013, as qualified dividend income, which is currently taxable to individuals at long-term capital gains rates. The Funds use of an options overlay strategy may limit its ability to distribute dividends eligible for treatment as qualified
dividend income and may also limit its ability to distribute dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, distributions of long-term capital gains and certain qualified dividends generally are taxable to individuals at the (federal) rate of 0% if you
are in the 10% or 15% tax bracket, or 15% if you are in the 25% tax bracket or above. Other rates are scheduled to go into effect after 2012. In addition, any gain recognized on a sale of Fund shares will be taxable.
Beginning in 2013, distributions to U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) will be
subject to a new 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their net investment income, including interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund). This 3.8% tax will
also apply to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
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If you invest in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, generally you
will pay a higher price per share and, unless you are exempt from tax, you will pay taxes on the amount of the distribution whether you reinvest the distribution in additional shares or receive it as cash.
If you hold shares in a taxable account, each year you will be sent information regarding the tax status of any dividends and other
distributions you receive from the Fund.
Federal law requires the Fund to withhold (as backup withholding) on
distributions paid to shareholders who fail to provide a Social Security number or taxpayer identification number or fail to certify that such number is correct. Foreign shareholders may be subject to special withholding requirements.
The above discussion provides very general information only and tax laws are subject to change. You should always consult your tax
professional about foreign, federal, state and local tax consequences associated with your investment in the Fund.
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
For more information about the Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:
Statement of Additional Information
The SAI provides additional information about the Fund. The current SAI is on file with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into (and is legally a part of) this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports
Additional information about the Funds investments is available in the Funds annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. The annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions
and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds performance during its most recently completed fiscal year.
TO OBTAIN INFORMATION
To obtain a free copy of the SAI, semi-annual or
annual reports, when available, or if you have questions about the Fund:
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By Telephone
Call 1-877-997-9971.
By Mail
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Regular Mail:
P.O. Box 2175
Milwaukee, WI 53201-2175
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Express/Overnight Mail:
Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund
c/o
UMB Fund Services, Inc.
803 West Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53233
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From the SEC
Information about the Fund (including the SAI) can be reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be
obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs Internet site at www.sec.gov, and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a
duplicating fee, by sending an electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov or writing to the SECs Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Investment Company Act File Number 811-22648
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
December 26, 2012
Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund
A series of Aspiriant Global
Equity Trust
Advisor Shares (Ticker RMEAX)
Institutional Shares (Ticker RMEIX)
Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund
(the Fund) is a diversified series of Aspiriant Global Equity Trust (the Trust), an open-end management investment company (or mutual fund) organized on November 22, 2011, as a statutory trust under the laws of the State
of Delaware. Aspiriant LLC (the Adviser) serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. AQR Capital Management, LLC (AQR) and Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (DFA) each serve as a sub-adviser for a portion of the
Funds equity strategy. Parametric Risk Advisors (PRA) serves as the sub-adviser for the options overlay strategy of the Fund.
Information about the Fund is set forth in the prospectus dated
December 26, 2012 (the Prospectus) and provides the basic information you should know before investing. To obtain a copy
of the Prospectus, please call 1-877-997-9971 or write to P.O. Box 2175, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2175. This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus but contains information in addition to that set forth in the
Prospectus. It is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the Prospectus. This SAI is intended to provide you with additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Fund and the Trust and it should be read in conjunction
with the Prospectus.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES
The sections below describe the different types of investments that may be made by the Fund as a part of its
non-principal investment strategies practices and supplement the principal investment strategies and associated risks of the Fund as described in the Prospectus.
Convertible Securities
The Fund may purchase convertible
securities. These securities include convertible debt obligations and convertible preferred stock. A convertible security entitles the holder to exchange it for a fixed number of shares of common stock (or other equity security), usually at a fixed
price within a specified period of time. Until conversion, the holder receives the interest paid on a convertible bond or the dividend preference of a preferred stock.
Convertible securities have an investment value, which is the theoretical value determined by the yield it
provides in comparison with similar securities without the conversion feature. The investment value changes are based on prevailing interest rates and other factors. They also have a conversion value, which is the worth in market value
if the security were exchanged for the underlying equity security. Conversion value fluctuates directly with the price of the underlying security. If conversion value is substantially below investment value, the price of the convertible security is
governed principally by its investment value. If the conversion value is near or above investment value, the price of the convertible security generally will rise above investment value and may represent a premium over conversion value because of
the combination of the convertible securitys right to interest (or dividend preference) and the possibility of capital appreciation from the conversion feature. A convertible securitys price, when price is influenced primarily by its
conversion value, will generally yield less than a senior non-convertible security of comparable investment value. Convertible securities may be purchased at varying price levels above their investment values or conversion values. However, there is
no assurance that any premium above investment value or conversion value will be recovered, because prices change, and, as a result, the ability to achieve capital appreciation through conversion may never occur.
Exchange-Traded Funds and Other Similar Instruments
The Fund may purchase shares of exchange-traded funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) (ETFs) and shares of similar
investment vehicles that are not registered under the 1940 Act (together with the ETFs, Traded Funds). Typically, a Traded Fund holds a portfolio of securities designed to track the performance of a particular index or a
basket of stocks of companies within a particular industry sector or group. Traded Funds sell and redeem their shares
1
at net asset value (NAV) in large blocks (typically 50,000 shares) called creation units. Shares representing fractional interests in these creation units are listed for
trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market in lots of any size at any time during the trading day.
Investments in Traded Funds involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly based portfolio of stocks, including risks that the general level of stock prices may decline
and thereby adversely affect the value of each unit of the Traded Fund. In addition, a Traded Fund may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary
market or discrepancies between the Traded Fund and the index with respect to the weighting of securities or number of stocks held.
Because Traded Funds bear various fees and expenses, the Funds investment in these instruments will involve certain indirect costs, as well as transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions. The
Adviser and sub-advisers will consider the expenses associated with an investment in determining whether to invest in a Traded Fund.
Special Corporate Situation Investments
The Fund may invest a portion of its total assets in securities of companies that may be involved in special corporate situations, the occurrence of which would favorably affect the values of the
companies equity securities. Such situations could include, among other developments, a change in management or management policies; the acquisition of a significant equity position in the company by an investor or investor group; a merger, a
reorganization, or the sale of a division; the spinoff of a subsidiary, division, or other substantial assets; or a third-party or issuer tender offer. The primary risk of this type of investing is that if the contemplated event does not occur or if
a proposed transaction is abandoned, revised, or delayed or becomes subject to unanticipated uncertainties, the market price of the securities may decline below the purchase price the Fund paid.
In general, securities that are the subject of a special corporate situation sell at a premium to their market prices
immediately following the announcement of the situation. However, the increased market price of these securities may nonetheless represent a discount from what the stated or appraised value of the security would be if the contemplated transaction
were approved or consummated. These investments may be advantageous when the following occur: (1) the discount significantly overstates the risk of the contingencies involved; (2) the discount significantly undervalues the securities,
assets, or cash to be received by shareholders of the prospective portfolio company as a result of the contemplated transactions; or (3) the discount fails adequately to recognize the possibility that the offer or proposal may be replaced or
superseded by an offer or proposal of greater value. The evaluation of these contingencies requires unusually broad knowledge and experience on the part of the Adviser, which must appraise not only the value of the issuer and its component
businesses as well as the assets or securities to be received as a result of the contemplated transaction, but also the financial resources and business motivation of the offeror, as well as the dynamics of the business climate when the offer or
proposal is in progress.
The Funds special corporate situation investments may tend to increase its
portfolio turnover ratio and thereby increase brokerage commissions and other transaction expenses. However, the Adviser attempts to select investments of the type described that, in its view, also have a reasonable prospect of significant capital
appreciation over the long term.
Types of Fixed-Income Securities
The Fund may invest in bonds and other types of debt obligations of U.S. and foreign issuers. Fixed-income securities
purchased by the Fund may include, among others, bonds, notes, and debentures
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issued by corporations; debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities (U.S. Government Securities); municipal securities;
mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and debt securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments, their agencies, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions, or by government-owned, -controlled, or -sponsored entities, including
central banks. These investments also include money market instruments and other types of obligations. Investors should recognize that, although securities ratings issued by Standard & Poors
®
Ratings Services (S&P), a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and Moodys Investors
Services
©
, Inc. (Moodys), provide a generally useful guide as to credit risks, they do not
offer any criteria to evaluate interest rate risk. A description of the ratings used by S&P and Moodys is set forth in Appendix A to this SAI. Changes in interest rate levels generally cause fluctuations in the prices of fixed-income
securities and will, therefore, cause fluctuations in the NAV per share of the Fund. Subsequent to the purchase of a fixed-income security by the Fund, the ratings or credit quality of such security may deteriorate. Any such subsequent adverse
changes in the rating or quality of a security held by the Fund would not require the Fund to sell the security.
Zero-Coupon Securities
Fixed-income securities purchased
by the Fund may include zero-coupon securities. These securities do not pay any interest until maturity, and for this reason, zero-coupon securities of longer maturities may trade at a deep discount from their face or par values and may be subject
to greater fluctuations in market value than would ordinary debt obligations of comparable maturity. Current federal tax law requires the holder of a zero-coupon security to accrue a portion of the discount at which the security was purchased as
income each year, even though the holder receives no interest payment that year.
Variable- and
Floating-Rate Securities
Fixed-income securities purchased by the Fund may also include variable- and
floating-rate securities. The interest rates payable on these securities are adjusted either at predesignated periodic intervals or whenever there is a change in an established market rate of interest. Other features may include a right whereby the
Fund may demand prepayment of the principal amount before the stated maturity (a demand feature) and the right of an issuer to prepay the principal amount before maturity. One benefit of variable- and floating-rate securities is that
because of interest rate adjustments on the obligation, changes in market value that would normally result from fluctuations in prevailing interest rates are reduced. One benefit of a demand feature is enhanced liquidity.
Non-Investment-Grade Debt Securities
The Fund may invest in both investment-grade and non-investment-grade debt securities (including high-yield bonds).
Non-investment-grade debt securities (typically called junk bonds) are securities considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
Companies that issue these securities often are highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional
methods of financing. Therefore, the risks associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally are greater than is the case with higher-grade securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising
interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of these securities may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. The issuers ability to service its debt obligations also may be affected adversely by specific corporate
developments, forecasts, or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss because of default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of these securities, because such securities generally are unsecured and often are
subordinated to other creditors of the issuer.
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Because there is no established retail secondary market for many of these
securities, the Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the extent a secondary trading market for these securities does exist, it generally is not as liquid as is the
secondary market for higher-grade securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on market price and yield, as well as on the Funds ability to dispose of particular issues when necessary to meet the Funds
liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The lack of a liquid secondary market for certain securities also may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate
market quotations for purposes of valuing the Funds portfolio and calculating its NAV. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions may decrease the values and liquidity of these securities. In such cases, judgment may play a greater role in
valuation, because of a lack of reliable, objective data.
These securities may be particularly susceptible to
economic downturns. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could
adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities.
The Fund may acquire these securities during an initial offering. Such securities may involve special risks because they
are new issues. The Fund has no arrangement with any person concerning the acquisition of such securities, and the Adviser will review the credit and other characteristics pertinent to such new issues.
Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including ETF shares and shares of money market funds. The Funds investment in these securities (other than shares of money market
funds and of certain ETFs) may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the 1940 Act generally, a prohibition on acquiring more than 3 percent of the outstanding voting stock of another investment company, subject to certain exemptions.
Investment companies such as ETFs and money market funds pay investment advisory and other fees and incur various expenses in connection with their operations. When the Fund invests in another investment company, shareholders of the Fund will
indirectly bear these fees and expenses, which will be in addition to the fees and expenses of the Fund.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Real estate investment trusts (REITs) and REIT-like entities are pooled investment vehicles
that manage a portfolio of real estate or real estate-related loans to earn profits for their shareholders. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs, or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Investing in REITs and
REIT-like entities involves certain unique risks in addition to the risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, and
mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of the borrower on any credit extended. REITs and REIT-like entities are dependent on management skills, may not be diversified geographically or by property type, and are subject to heavy cash flow
dependency, default by borrowers, and self-liquidation. REITs must also meet certain requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), to avoid entity-level tax and be eligible to pass through certain tax
attributes of their income to shareholders. REITs are consequently subject to the risk of failing to meet these requirements for favorable tax treatment and of failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs are also
subject to the risks of changes in the Code that could affect their tax status.
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REITs and REIT-like entities (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to
interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REITs investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REITs investment in fixed-rate obligations can be
expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable-rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REITs investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, and as a
result, the value of such investments will fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed-rate obligations.
The management of a REIT and REIT-like entities may be subject to conflicts of interest with respect to the operation of
the business of the REIT and may be involved in real estate activities competitive with the REIT. REITs may own properties through joint ventures or in other circumstances in which a REIT may not have control over its investments. REITs may use
significant amounts of leverage.
REITs often do not provide complete tax information until after the end of
the calendar year. Consequently, because of the delay, it may be necessary for the Fund, if invested in REITs, to request permission to extend the deadline for issuance of Forms 1099-DIV beyond January 31. Alternatively, amended Forms 1099-DIV
may be sent.
Master Limited Partnerships
Master limited partnerships (MLPs) are publicly traded companies organized as limited partnerships or limited liability companies and treated as partnerships for U.S. federal tax purposes.
MLPs combine the tax advantages of a partnership with the liquidity of a publicly traded stock. MLP income is generally not subject to entity-level tax. Instead, an MLPs income, gain, loss, deductions, and other tax items pass through to
common unitholders. If tax were to be required to be paid by the MLP at the entity level, the value of the MLP interests held by the Fund would be expected to decrease.
MLPs are typically structured such that common units and general partner interests have first priority to receive
quarterly cash distributions up to an established minimum amount (MQD). Common and general partner interests also accrue arrearages in distributions to the extent that the MQD is not paid. Once common and general partner interests have
been paid, subordinated units receive distributions of up to the MQD. However, subordinated units do not accrue arrearages. Distributable cash in excess of the MQD paid to both common and subordinated units is distributed to both common and
subordinated units generally on a pro rata basis. The general partner is also eligible to receive incentive distributions if the general partner operates the business in a manner that causes distributions paid per common unit surpassing specified
target levels. As the general partner increases cash distributions to the limited partners, the general partner receives an increasingly higher percentage of the incremental cash distributions. A common arrangement provides that the general partner
can reach a tier at which it receives 50% of every incremental dollar paid to common and subordinated unitholders. These incentive distributions encourage the general partner to streamline costs, increase capital expenditures, and acquire assets in
order to increase the partnerships cash flow and raise the quarterly cash distribution in order to reach higher tiers. Such results benefit all security holders of the MLP.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase
agreements involving the types of securities eligible for purchase by the Fund. However, there is no limitation on the maturity of the securities underlying the repurchase agreements. The Fund may use repurchase agreements in lieu of purchasing
money market instruments.
5
Repurchase agreements, which may be viewed as a type of secured lending by
the Fund, typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of U.S. Government Securities or other securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association, or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Fund will
sell back to the institution, and that the institution will repurchase, the underlying security (collateral) at a specified price and at a fixed time in the future, usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase. The Fund
will receive interest from the institution until the time the repurchase is to occur. Although such date is deemed to be the maturity date of a repurchase agreement, the maturities of securities subject to repurchase agreements are not subject to
any limits and may exceed one year.
Repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct
investments in debt securities. If the seller under a repurchase agreement becomes insolvent, the Funds right to dispose of the securities may be restricted, or the value of the securities may decline before the Fund is able to dispose of
them. In the event of the commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller of the securities before the repurchase of the securities under a repurchase agreement is accomplished, the Fund may encounter delay and incur
costs, including a decline in the value of the securities, before being able to sell the securities. If the seller defaults, the value of such securities may decline before the Fund is able to dispose of them. If the Fund enters into a repurchase
agreement that is subject to foreign law and the other party defaults, the Fund may not enjoy protections comparable to those provided to certain repurchase agreements under U.S. bankruptcy law and may suffer delays and losses in disposing of the
collateral as a result.
The Fund has adopted procedures designed to minimize the risks of loss from
repurchase agreement transactions. These procedures include a requirement that the Adviser effect repurchase transactions only with large, well-capitalized U.S. financial institutions that the Adviser and/or sub-advisers approve as creditworthy
based on periodic review under guidelines established and monitored by the Board of Trustees of the Trust. In addition, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, which the Trusts custodian will hold on behalf of the
Fund, will always be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Fund will seek to liquidate such
collateral. However, the exercise of the Funds right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase
price, the Fund could suffer a loss.
Lending Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers, and financial institutions in an amount not exceeding 33
1/3% of the value of the Funds total assets. These loans will be secured by collateral (consisting of cash, U.S. Government Securities, or irrevocable letters of credit) maintained in an amount equal to at least 100% of the market value,
determined daily, of the loaned securities. The Fund may, subject to certain notice requirements, at any time call the loan and obtain the return of the securities loaned. The Fund will be entitled to payments equal to the interest and dividends on
the loaned securities and may receive a premium for lending the securities. The advantage of such loans is that the Fund continues to receive the income on the loaned securities while earning interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral,
which will be invested in short-term investments.
A loan may be terminated by the borrower on one business
days notice or by the Trust on two business days notice. If the borrower fails to deliver the loaned securities within four days after receipt of notice, the Trust may use the collateral to replace the securities while holding the
borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost exceeding the collateral. As with any extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery and, in some cases, even loss of rights in the collateral, should the borrower of the securities fail
financially. In addition, securities lending involves a form of leverage, and the Fund may
6
incur a loss if securities purchased with the collateral from securities loans decline in value or if the income earned does not cover the Funds transaction costs. However, loans of
securities will be made only to companies the Board deems to be creditworthy (such creditworthiness will be monitored on an ongoing basis) and when the income that can be earned from such loans justifies the attendant risks. Upon termination of the
loan, the borrower is required to return the securities. Any gain or loss in the market price during the loan period would inure to the Fund. Securities lending also may have certain potential adverse tax consequences.
When voting or consent rights that accompany loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Trust will follow the policy of
calling the loaned securities, to be delivered within one day after notice, to permit the exercise of such rights if Adviser or sub-adviser believes the matters involved would have a material effect on the investment in such loaned securities. The
Fund will pay reasonable finders, administrative, and custodial fees in connection with loans of securities. The Fund may lend foreign securities consistent with the foregoing requirements.
Temporary Investments
During periods of adverse market or economic conditions, the Fund may temporarily invest all or a substantial portion of its assets in high-quality, fixed-income securities, money market instruments, and
shares of money market mutual funds, or it may hold cash. At such times, the Fund would not be pursuing its stated investment objective with its usual investment strategies. The Fund may also hold these investments for liquidity purposes.
Fixed-income securities will be deemed to be of high quality if they are rated A or better by S&P or Moodys or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Adviser. Money market instruments are high-quality,
short-term fixed-income obligations (which generally have remaining maturities of one year or less) and may include U.S. Government Securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and bankers acceptances issued by domestic branches of
U.S. banks that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and repurchase agreements for U.S. Government Securities. In lieu of purchasing money market instruments, the Fund may purchase shares of money market mutual funds, subject to
certain limitations imposed by the 1940 Act. The Fund, as an investor in a money market fund, will indirectly bear that funds fees and expenses, which will be in addition to the fees and expenses of the Fund.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted various restrictions on its investment activities, certain of which are fundamental policies and
cannot be changed without approval by the holders of a majority of the Funds outstanding voting shares, as defined by the 1940 Act. Such a majority means the affirmative vote of the lesser of the holders of (1) 67% or more of the shares
of the Fund present at a meeting of shareholders, if the holders of at least 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Under its fundamental
policies, the Fund may not:
|
1.
|
With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer or purchase more
than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, except that these limitations do not apply to investments in U.S. Government Securities and securities of other investment companies.
|
|
2.
|
Invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the securities of issuers engaged in any single industry or group of industries, provided
that this does not apply to U.S. Government Securities, repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government Securities, or securities of other investment companies.
|
7
|
3.
|
Purchase or sell commodities, except (i) to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption
therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended, interpreted from time to time and (ii) that the Fund may purchase and sell securities issued by companies that own or invest in commodities or commodities contracts, commodities
contracts relating to financial instruments, such as financial futures contracts and options on such contracts, and swaps.
|
|
4.
|
Purchase or sell real estate or interests therein, or purchase oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts or development
programs, other than as may be acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except that the Fund may invest in the securities of issuers engaged in the foregoing activities and may invest in securities secured by real estate
or interests therein.
|
|
5.
|
Issue senior securities as defined by the 1940 Act or borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations
thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
|
|
6.
|
Underwrite the securities of other issuers, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the disposition
of portfolio securities.
|
|
7.
|
Make loans of money or securities, except that the Fund may lend money through the purchase of permitted investments, including repurchase
agreements, and may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of the Funds total assets.
|
The Fund has adopted the following additional investment restrictions, which are not fundamental and that the Board may change without shareholder approval. Under these restrictions, the Fund may not:
|
1.
|
Pursuant to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act, change its investment policy of investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment
purposes) in a particular type or category of securities suggested by its name without providing 60 days prior notice to shareholders.
|
|
2.
|
Purchase securities that are illiquid, including repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days, if, as a result, more than 15% of the value
of the Funds net assets would be so invested.
|
Except with respect to borrowing, all
percentage limitations on the Funds investment practices set forth in this SAI and in the Prospectus apply at the time of an investment or a transaction, and a subsequent change in percentage resulting from a change in value of the investment
or the total value of the Funds assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.
With
respect to borrowing, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow from any bank (including pledging, mortgaging, or hypothecating assets) in an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total
assets). If at any time, a funds borrowings exceed 33 1/3% of the value of the funds total assets, the fund will reduce its borrowings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33 1/3%
limitation. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior
securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, certain derivative instruments (such as forward and futures contracts and swap agreements), reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements, and standby commitments, with appropriate
earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligation, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligation.
With respect to concentration, U.S. Government Securities, repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government Securities, and securities of other investment companies are not considered industries.
8
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Board Responsibilities
The Board has the overall responsibility for monitoring the operations of the Trust and the Fund. The officers of the Trust are responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of the Trust and the
Fund. The Board has approved contracts under which certain companies provide essential management services to the Trust. The Board has the responsibility for supervising the services provided by those companies.
Like most mutual funds, the day-to-day business of the Trust, including the management of risk, is performed by third
party service providers, such as the Adviser, sub-advisers, principal underwriter, administrator, and transfer agent. The Trustees are responsible for overseeing the Trusts service providers and, thus, have oversight responsibility with
respect to risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks that is, events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services,
investment performance, or reputation of the Fund. The Fund and its service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence, and/or to
mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Trusts business (for example, the Adviser and sub-advisers are responsible for the day-to-day
management of the Funds portfolio investments) and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that business. The Board and the Adviser have emphasized to the Funds service providers the importance of maintaining vigorous risk
management.
The Trustees role in risk oversight begins before the inception of the Fund, at which time
certain of the Funds service providers present the Board with information concerning the investment objectives, strategies, and risks of the Fund, as well as proposed investment limitations for the Fund. Additionally, the Funds Adviser
and sub-advisers provide the Board with an overview of, among other things, its investment philosophy, brokerage practices and compliance infrastructure. Thereafter, the Board continues its oversight function as various personnel, including the
Trusts Chief Compliance Officer, as well as personnel of the Adviser, sub-advisers, and other service providers, such as the Funds independent accountants, make periodic reports to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk
management. The Board oversees efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the Fund may be exposed.
The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to the Fund by the Adviser and the sub-advisers and receives information about those services at its regular
meetings. In addition, on an annual basis after the initial two-year term, the Board considers whether to renew the investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements and the Board meets with the Adviser and sub-advisers to review such services. Among
other things, the Board regularly considers the Advisers and sub-advisers adherence to the Funds investment restrictions and compliance with various policies and procedures of the Fund and with applicable securities regulations.
The Board also reviews information about the Funds investments, including, for example, portfolio holdings schedules and reports on the use of specific types of securities in managing the Fund.
The Trusts Chief Compliance Officer reports regularly to the Board to review and discuss compliance issues. At
least annually, the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trusts policies and procedures and those of certain service providers. The report addresses (i) the
operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report, (ii) any material changes to the policies and
9
procedures since the date of the last report, (iii) any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures, and (iv) any material compliance matters since the date of
the last report.
The Board receives reports from the Funds service providers regarding operational
risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Trusts Valuation Committee reports to the Board concerning investments for which market quotations are not readily available, if any. Annually, the independent
registered public accounting firm reviews with the Boards Audit Committee its audit of the Funds financial statements, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the Fund and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses
in the Funds internal controls. Additionally, in connection with its oversight function, the Board oversees managements implementation of disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be
disclosed by the Trust in its periodic reports with the SEC are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the required time periods. The Board also oversees the Trusts internal controls over financial reporting, which comprise
policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Trusts financial reporting and the preparation of the Trusts financial statements.
From its review of these reports and discussions with the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer, Adviser, sub-advisers,
independent registered public accounting firm, and other service providers, the Board and the Audit Committee learn in detail about the material risks of the Fund, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers identify
and mitigate those risks.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified
and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Funds goals, and that the processes,
procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the Funds
investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Funds Adviser and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk
management functions are carried out may differ from the Funds and each others in the setting of priorities, available resources, or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Boards
ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.
Members and Structure of the Board
There are five members of the Board of Trustees, three of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as
that term is defined in the 1940 Act (Independent Trustees). Jason Thomas serves as Chairman of the Board. The Board does not have a lead independent trustee at this time. The Board has one standing committee, the Audit Committee, which
is responsible for advising the Board with respect to accounting, auditing, and financial matters affecting the Trust. The Audit Committee is chaired by an Independent Trustee and composed entirely of Independent Trustees. In addition, the Board
oversees the Trusts Valuation Committee, whose actions are reported to the Board at least quarterly and more frequently, if appropriate.
The Trust has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust including, among other things, the fact that the Independent Trustees
constitute 60% of the Board, the anticipated amount of assets under management in the Trust, the number of funds and share classes overseen by the Board, the Trusts policies and procedures as well as those of its service providers, and the
experience and qualifications of its members. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from management.
10
Set forth below are the names, ages, positions with the Trust, length of
term of office, and the principal occupations and other directorships held during at least the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as a Trustee of the Trust, as well as information about each officer of the Trust. The business
address of each Trustee and officer is 11100 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 600, Los Angeles, CA 90025.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Independent Trustees
|
Name and Age
|
|
Position(s)
Held With
the Trust
|
|
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time
Served
|
|
Principal Occupations During
Past Five Years
|
|
Number
of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee
|
|
Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
Five Years
|
Michael D. Le Roy
Age 65
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Indefinite;
since 2012
|
|
Principal, Crown Capital
Advisors LLC (2000 - present)
|
|
1
|
|
Advisors Series Trust (12/08-11/10);
BB Funds (12/08-5/09); Bjurman, Barry Funds (1/04-10/08)
|
Robert D. Taylor
Age 51
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Indefinite; since 2012
|
|
Partner, Centinela Capital
Partners, LLC (2006-present)
|
|
1
|
|
Frontier Airlines (8/06-9/09)
|
Karyn Williams
Age 47
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Indefinite; since 2012
|
|
Institutional Investment
Consultant, Wilshire Associates Incorporated
(2001 - present);
Professor of Finance, Claremont
Graduate University (1998 - 2001)
|
|
1
|
|
None
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interested Trustees and Officers
|
Name and Age
|
|
Position(s)
Held With
the Trust
|
|
Term of
Office and
Length of
Time Served
|
|
Principal Occupations
During Past Five Years
|
|
Number
of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee
|
|
Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
Five Years
|
Robert J. Francais
Age 46
|
|
Trustee
|
|
Indefinite; since 2012
|
|
Chief Executive Officer,
Aspiriant LLC (2010 -present); Chief
Operating Officer, Aspiriant LLC
(2008-2009); Chief Executive Officer,
Quintile Wealth Management
(2002-2007)
|
|
1
|
|
None
|
Jason Thomas
Age 40
|
|
Trustee/ President
|
|
Indefinite/one year; since 2012
|
|
Chief Investment Officer,
Aspiriant LLC (2005-present)
|
|
1
|
|
None
|
Michael H. Kossman
Age 48
|
|
Vice President
|
|
One year; since 2012
|
|
Chief Operating Officer (2012 -present), Chief Compliance Officer (2008-present), Chief Financial Officer (2008-2012), Aspiriant LLC ; Chief
Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Compliance Officer, Kochis Fitz (2000-2007)
|
|
n/a
|
|
n/a
|
Hilarie C. Green
Age 52
|
|
Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, Secretary
|
|
One year; since 2012
|
|
Managing Director, Aspiriant LLC (2012 - present); Managing Director, Wilshire Associates (1998-2011)
|
|
n/a
|
|
n/a
|
Martin Dziura
Age 52
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer, Anti-Money Laundering Officer
|
|
One year; since 2012
|
|
Director, Cipperman Compliance Services (2010-present); Chief Compliance Officer, Hanlon Investment Management (2009-2010); Vice President,
Compliance, Morgan Stanley Investment Management (2000-2009)
|
|
n/a
|
|
n/a
|
12
Individual Trustee Qualifications
The Board has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve on the Board because of his or her ability to review and
understand information about the Trust provided by management, to identify and request other information deemed relevant to the performance of duties as a trustee, to question management and other service providers regarding material factors bearing
on the management and administration of the Fund, and to exercise business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Trusts shareholders. The Board has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as a Trustee based on his
or her own experience, qualifications, attributes and skills as described below.
The Board has concluded that
Mr. Francais should serve as Trustee because of his background in business and accounting and his knowledge of the investment management industry.
The Board has concluded that Mr. LeRoy should serve as Trustee because of his background in business and accounting, his knowledge of the mutual fund industry, and his experience as a trustee of
other investment companies.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Taylor should serve as Trustee because of
his extensive legal background, investment industry experience, and financial accounting expertise.
The Board
has concluded that Mr. Thomas should serve as Trustee because of his background in the investment management and wealth management business and his knowledge of the financial services industry.
The Board has concluded that Ms. Williams should serve as Trustee because of her background in the investment and
risk management business and her knowledge and experience with investment policy, strategy, management, analytics, governance, and operations.
In its periodic assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the
Boards overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the Trust.
Compensation
Each Independent Trustee is paid an annual $25,000 retainer. The Chair of the Audit Committee is paid an additional $5,000 per year. The following table sets forth the estimated compensation to be paid to
each Independent Trustee for the Trusts fiscal year ending July 31, 2013:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Aggregate
Compensation
|
|
Pension or
Retirement
Benefits Accrued
as Part of Fund
Expenses
|
|
Estimated
Annual Benefits
Upon
Retirement
|
|
Total
Compensation
from Trust and
Fund Complex*
|
Michael D.
Le Roy
|
|
$30,000
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
$30,000
|
Robert D.
Taylor
|
|
$25,000
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
$25,000
|
Karyn Williams
|
|
$25,000
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
$25,000
|
* The Trust is the only registered investment company in the Fund Complex.
13
CODES OF ETHICS
The Trust, Adviser, sub-advisers, and principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1
under the 1940 Act, which governs personal securities trading by their respective personnel. Each Code of Ethics permits such individuals to purchase and sell securities, including securities that are purchased, sold, or held by the Fund, but only
subject to certain conditions designed to ensure that purchases and sales by such individuals do not adversely affect the Funds investment activities.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
The Adviser
is owned by its key employees and has 40 equity partners. The Adviser provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the terms of an investment advisory agreement between the Adviser and the Trust. The agreement has an initial
two-year term and may be continued in effect from year to year thereafter with the approval of (1) the Board or (2) vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined by the 1940 Act), provided that in either
event the continuance must also be approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment,
as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. For the services it provides pursuant to the advisory agreement, the Adviser is entitled to a fee calculated at an annual rate of 1.34% of the Funds average daily net assets. The Adviser is
responsible for paying the sub-advisers for their services to the Fund.
Pursuant to an administrative
services agreement with the Trust, the Adviser is entitled to a fee calculated at an annual rate of 0.10% of the Funds average daily net assets for providing administrative services to the Fund. Such services include the review of shareholder
reports and other filings with the SEC; oversight and management of the Funds primary service providers; periodic due diligence reviews of the Funds primary service providers; coordination and negotiation of all of the contracts and
pricing relating to the Funds primary service providers; providing information to the Independent Trustees relating to the review and selection of the Funds primary service providers; coordination of quarterly and special board meetings;
and all such other duties or services necessary for the appropriate administration of the Fund.
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISERS
Each sub-adviser provides investment sub-advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the terms of an investment
sub-advisory agreement between the Adviser and the respective sub-adviser. Each agreement has an initial two-year term and may be continued in effect from year to year thereafter with the approval of (1) the Board or (2) vote of a majority
of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined by the 1940 Act), provided that in either event the continuance must also be approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose
of voting on such approval. Each agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.
AQR is a Delaware limited liability company formed in 1998 and is located at Two Greenwich Plaza, 3rd Floor, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830. AQR is a wholly-owned subsidiary of AQR Capital Management
Holdings, LLC (AQR Holdings), which has no activities other than holding the
14
interests of AQR. AQR Holdings is a subsidiary of AQR Capital Management Group, L.P. (AQR LP), which has no activities other than holding the interests of AQR Holdings. Clifford S.
Asness, Ph.D. may be deemed to control AQR indirectly through his significant ownership of AQR LP. For the services provided pursuant to its sub-advisory agreement, AQR is entitled to a fee at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets
that AQR manages as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Tax Managed
Global Enhanced
Strategy
|
|
Asset Level
|
|
Sub-Advisory Fee
|
|
First $250,000,000
|
|
0.45%
|
|
Next $250,000,000
|
|
0.43%
|
|
Next $500,000,000
|
|
0.40%
|
|
Next $1,000,000,000
|
|
0.37%
|
|
|
Assets in excess of $2,000,000,000
|
|
0.33%
|
Tax Managed
Emerging
Defensive Strategy
|
|
Asset Level
|
|
Sub-Advisory Fee
|
|
First $250,000,000
|
|
0.70%
|
|
Next $250,000,000
|
|
0.64%
|
|
Next $500,000,000
|
|
0.58%
|
|
Assets in excess of $1,000,000,000
|
|
0.53%
|
DFA is currently organized as a Delaware limited partnership and is controlled and
operated by its general partner, Dimensional Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation. David G. Booth and Rex A. Sinquefield, as directors and/or officers of DFA and shareholders of the outstanding stock of DFAs general partner, may be deemed
controlling persons of DFA. For the services provided pursuant to its sub-advisory agreement, DFA is entitled to a fee at an annual rate of 0.305% of the average daily net assets that DFA manages.
PRA is owned 60% by Parametric Portfolio Associates, which is a majority owned subsidiary of Eaton Vance, and both of
which are in the investment management business. The other 40% of PRA is owned by MRA Advisors Holding LLC, the members of which are the senior management of PRA (Brad Berggren (50%; CEO), Ken Everding (25% Managing Director), Jon Orseck (12.5%
Managing Director), and Larry Berman (12.5% Managing Director)). For the services provided pursuant to its sub-advisory agreement, PRA is entitled to a fee at an annual rate of 0.15% of the first $2 billion in assets and 0.10% of assets over $2
billion based on the average daily net assets that PRA manages.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The following table provides information about other accounts managed by the Funds portfolio
managers as of June 30, 2012.
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio
Manager
|
|
Total Accounts
|
|
Accounts With
Performance-Based Fees
|
|
Number
|
|
Assets
(in Millions)
|
|
Number
|
|
Assets
(in Millions)
|
Aspiriant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jason Thomas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
5
|
|
$558
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
750
|
|
$6,800
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AQR
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andrea Frazzini
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
7
|
|
$759
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
2
|
|
$1,597
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jacques A. Friedman
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
21
|
|
$3,461
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
44
|
|
$8,978
|
|
17
|
|
$4,161
|
Other Accounts
|
|
60
|
|
$15,079
|
|
5
|
|
$1,111
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hoon Kim
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
1
|
|
$77
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
2
|
|
$1,597
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DFA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joseph H. Chi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
102
|
|
$131,710
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
23
|
|
$7,944
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
73
|
|
$12,915
|
|
2
|
|
$487
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jed S. Fogdall
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
102
|
|
$131,710
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio
Manager
|
|
Total Accounts
|
|
Accounts With
Performance-Based Fees
|
|
Number
|
|
Assets
(in Millions)
|
|
Number
|
|
Assets
(in Millions)
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
23
|
|
$7,944
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
73
|
|
$12,915
|
|
2
|
|
$487
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Henry F. Gray
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
90
|
|
$131,524
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
19
|
|
$7,944
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
73
|
|
$12,915
|
|
2
|
|
4487
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Karen E. Umland
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
55
|
|
$68,744
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
11
|
|
$1,854
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
31
|
|
$9,378
|
|
1
|
|
$329
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PRA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kenneth Everding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
6
|
|
$348
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
250
|
|
$3,610
|
|
1
|
|
$300
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jonathan Orseck
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment Companies
|
|
6
|
|
$348
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
|
--
|
Other Accounts
|
|
250
|
|
$3,610
|
|
1
|
|
$300
|
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Aspiriant.
Jason Thomas is compensated with base compensation, bonus (a percentage of base compensation), and a
share purchase incentive (bonus based on percentage of profit of the Adviser divided by shareholders per capita).
AQR.
Compensation for Portfolio Managers that are Principals:
The compensation for each of the portfolio managers that are a Principal of AQR is in the form of distributions based on
the revenues generated by AQR. Distributions to each portfolio manager are based on cumulative research, leadership and other contributions to AQR. Revenue distributions are also a function of assets under management and performance of the funds
managed by AQR. There is no direct linkage between performance and compensation. However, there is an indirect linkage in that superior performance tends to attract assets and thus increase revenues.
17
Compensation for Portfolio Managers that are not Principals:
The compensation for the portfolio managers that are not Principals of AQR primarily consists of a fixed base salary and a discretionary bonus. Under AQRs salary administration system, salary increases are granted on a merit basis, and in this
regard, salaries are reviewed at least annually under a formal review program. Job performance contributes significantly to the determination of any salary increase; other factors, such as seniority and contributions to AQR are also considered.
Discretionary bonuses are determined by the portfolio managers individual performance, including efficiency, contributions to AQR and quality of work performed. A portfolio managers performance is not based on any specific funds or
strategys performance, but is affected by the overall performance of AQR.
DFA.
Portfolio
managers receive a base salary and bonus. Compensation of a portfolio manager is determined at DFAs discretion and is based on a portfolio managers experience, responsibilities, the perception of the quality of his or her work efforts,
and other subjective factors. The compensation of portfolio managers is not directly based upon the performance of a fund or other accounts that the portfolio managers manage. DFA reviews the compensation of each portfolio manager annually and may
make modifications in compensation as DFAs Compensation Committee deems necessary to reflect changes in the market. Each portfolio managers compensation consists of the following:
o
|
Base salary.
Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary. DFA considers the factors described above to determine each portfolio
managers base salary.
|
o
|
Semi-Annual Bonus.
Each portfolio manager may receive a semi-annual bonus. The amount of the bonus paid to each portfolio manager is based
upon the factors described above.
|
Portfolio managers may be awarded the right to purchase
restricted stock of DFA as determined from time to time by DFAs Board of Directors or its delegees. Portfolio managers also participate in benefit and retirement plans and other programs available generally to all employees. In addition,
portfolio managers may be given the option of participating in DFAs Long Term Incentive Plan. The level of participation for eligible employees may be dependent on overall level of compensation, among other considerations. Participation in
this program is not based on or related to the performance of any individual strategies or any particular client accounts.
PRA.
Compensation of PRA portfolio managers and other investment professionals has three primary components: (1) a base salary, (2) a quarterly cash bonus, and (3) a share of the
firms net income. PRA investment professionals also receive insurance and other benefits that are broadly available to all PRA employees. Compensation of PRA investment professionals is reviewed primarily on an annual basis.
PRA seeks to compensate portfolio managers commensurate with their responsibilities and performance, and competitive with
other firms within the investment management industry. The performance of portfolio managers is evaluated primarily based on success in achieving portfolio objectives for managed funds and accounts. The compensation of portfolio managers for other
responsibilities (such as product development) will include consideration of the scope of such responsibilities and the managers performance in meeting them.
Salaries, bonuses and share of net income are also influenced by the operating performance of PRA. Cash bonuses are
determined based on a target percentage of PRAs profits. While the salaries of PRA portfolio managers are comparatively fixed, cash bonuses and share of net income may fluctuate significantly from year-to-year, based on changes in financial
performance and other factors.
18
Material Conflicts of Interest
Aspiriant.
While the compensation of portfolio managers is not tied to the performance of the Fund, the portfolio
managers management of other accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Funds investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other
accounts may have the same investment objective as the Fund. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby the portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Another
potential conflict could include the portfolio managers knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby the portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the
disadvantage of the Fund. However, the Adviser and the sub-advisers each have established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts it manages are fairly and equitably allocated. The Advisers
trade allocation policy is to aggregate client transactions, including the Funds, where possible when it is believed that such aggregation may facilitate the Advisers duty of best execution. Client accounts for which orders are
aggregated receive the average price of such transaction. Any transaction costs incurred in the transaction are shared pro rata based on each clients participation in the transaction. The Adviser generally allocates securities among client
accounts according to each accounts pre-determined participation in the transaction. The Advisers policy prohibits any allocation of trades that would favor any proprietary accounts, affiliated accounts, or any particular client(s) or
group of clients more over any other account(s). The Adviser prohibits late trading, frequent trading and/or market timing in the Fund and monitors trades daily to ensure this policy is not violated.
AQR.
Each of the portfolio managers is also responsible for managing other accounts in addition to the Fund,
including other accounts of AQR or its affiliates, such as separately managed accounts for foundations, endowments, pension plans, and high net-worth families. Other accounts may also include accounts managed by the portfolio managers in a personal
or other capacity, and may include registered investment companies and unregistered investment companies relying on either Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act (such companies are commonly referred to as hedge
funds). Management of other accounts in addition to the Fund can present certain conflicts of interest.
From time to time, potential conflicts of interest may arise between a portfolio managers management of the
investments of the Fund, on the one hand, and the management of other accounts, on the other. The other accounts might have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Fund, or otherwise hold, purchase, or sell securities that are eligible to
be held, purchased or sold by the Fund. Because of their positions with the Fund, the portfolio managers know the size, timing and possible market impact of the Funds trades. It is theoretically possible that the portfolio managers could use
this information to the advantage of other accounts they manage and to the possible detriment of the Fund. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of a portfolio managers management of a number of accounts with similar
investment guidelines. Often, an investment opportunity may be suitable for both the Fund and other accounts managed by AQR, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the Fund and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly,
there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Fund and another account. Whenever decisions are made to buy or sell securities by the Fund and one or more of the other accounts simultaneously, AQR or a portfolio manager may
aggregate the purchases and sales of the securities and will allocate the securities transactions in a manner that it believes to be equitable under the circumstances. As a result of the allocations, there may be instances when the Fund will not
participate in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts or that may not be allocated the full amount of the securities sought to be traded. While these aggregation and allocation policies could have a detrimental effect on the price or
amount of the securities available to the Fund from time to time, it is the opinion of AQR that the overall benefits outweigh any disadvantages that may arise from this practice. Subject to applicable laws and/or account restrictions, AQR may buy,
sell or hold securities for other accounts while entering into a different or opposite investment decision for the Fund.
19
AQR and the portfolio managers may also face a conflict of interest where
some accounts pay higher fees to AQR than others, such as by means of performance fees.
AQR has implemented
specific policies and procedures (e.g., a code of ethics and trade allocation policies) to seek to address potential conflicts that may arise in connection with the management of the Funds, other registered and unregistered investment companies,
separately managed accounts, and other accounts.
DFA.
Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may
arise when a portfolio manager has the primary day-to-day responsibilities with respect to more than one fund and other accounts. Other accounts include registered mutual funds (other than the Fund), other unregistered pooled investment vehicles,
and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals (collectively, Accounts). An Account may have similar investment objectives to the Fund, or may purchase, sell, or hold securities that are eligible to be purchased, sold, or
held by the Fund. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest include:
o
|
Time Management
. The management of multiple Accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management
of the Fund and/or Account. DFA seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Certain Accounts managed by a portfolio manager are
managed using the same investment models that are used in connection with the management of the Fund.
|
o
|
Investment Opportunities
. It is possible that at times identical securities will be held by more than one Account. However, positions in the
same security may vary and the length of time that any Account may choose to hold its investment in the same security may likewise vary. If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one
Account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible Accounts. To deal with these situations, DFA has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio
transactions across multiple Accounts.
|
o
|
Broker Selection
. With respect to securities transactions for the Fund, DFA determines which broker to use to execute each order, consistent
with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain Accounts (such as separate accounts), DFA may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a
particular broker. In these cases, DFA or its affiliates may place separate, non-simultaneous, transactions for the Fund and another Account that may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both,
to the detriment of the Fund or the Account.
|
o
|
Performance-Based Fees
. For some Accounts, DFA may be compensated based on the profitability of the Account, such as by a performance-based
management fee. These incentive compensation structures may create a conflict of interest for DFA with regard to Accounts where DFA is paid based on a percentage of assets because the portfolio manager may have an incentive to allocate securities
preferentially to the Accounts where DFA might share in investment gains.
|
o
|
Investment in a Fund or Account
. A portfolio manager or his/her relatives may invest in an Account that he or she manages and a conflict may
arise where he or she may therefore have an incentive to treat the Account in which the portfolio manager or his/her relatives invest preferentially as compared to the Fund or other Accounts for which he or she has portfolio management
responsibilities.
|
DFA has adopted certain compliance procedures that are reasonably
designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
20
PRA.
A potential conflict of interest arises in connection with
allocations for multiple clients trading the same option. To address this issue, order are bunched for potentially better block execution and fills are average priced and with shares and fees allocated pro-rata.
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER AND OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
Principal Underwriter
UMB Distribution Services, LLC, located at 803 West Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, serves as the Trusts principal underwriter. Shares of the Fund are distributed on a continuous basis at
their current NAV per share, without imposition of any front-end or contingent deferred sales charge, by the principal underwriter.
Transfer Agent
UMB Fund Services, Inc., located at 803 West Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, serves as the Trusts transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent. Shareholders of the Trust may contact the
transfer agent with any questions regarding their transactions in shares of the Trust and account balances.
Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm
Deloitte & Touche LLP, located at 555 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, is
the independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust and is responsible for conducting the annual audit of the financial statements of the Trust. The selection of the independent registered public accounting firm is approved annually by
the Board.
Custodian and Fund Accounting Agent
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., located at Seaport Center, 70 Fargo Street, Boston, MA 02210-1950, serves as custodian of the
Trusts assets and is responsible for maintaining custody of the Funds cash and investments and retaining subcustodians, including in connection with the custody of foreign securities. Cash held by the custodian, the amount of which may
at times be substantial, is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to the amount of available insurance coverage limits. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., also serves as the Trusts fund accounting agent.
Administrator
UMB Fund Services, Inc., located at 803 West Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, serves as the Trusts administrator and provides various administrative and accounting services necessary for the
operations of the Trust including facilitating general fund management; monitoring fund compliance with federal and state regulations; supervising the maintenance of the funds general ledger, the preparation of the funds financial
statements, the determination of NAV, the payment of dividends and other distributions to shareholders; and preparing specified financial, tax, and other reports. The Trust pays the administrator an annual fee of 0.05% calculated based on the
Funds average net assets.
Legal Counsel
Bingham McCutchen LLP, 2020 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006, serves as counsel to the Trust.
21
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
NAV is determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is
open, except that no computation need be made on a day on which no orders to purchase or redeem shares have been received. The NYSE currently observes the following holidays: New Years Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day (third Monday in January),
Presidents Day (third Monday in February), Good Friday (Friday before Easter), Memorial Day (last Monday in May), Independence Day, Labor Day (first Monday in September), Thanksgiving Day (fourth Thursday in November), and Christmas Day.
NAV per share is computed by dividing the value of the Funds net assets (i.e., the value of
its assets less its liabilities) by the total number of the Funds shares outstanding. In computing NAV, securities are valued at market value as of the close of trading on each business day when the NYSE is open. Securities, other than stock
options, listed on the NYSE or other exchanges are valued on the basis of the last reported sale price on the exchange on which they are primarily traded. However, if the last sale price on the NYSE is different from the last sale price on any other
exchange, the NYSE price will be used. If there are no sales on that day, then the securities are valued at the bid price on the NYSE or other primary exchange for that day. Securities traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market are
valued on the basis of the last sales price as reported by NASDAQ
®
. If there are no sales on that day, then the
securities are valued at the mean between the closing bid and asked prices as reported by NASDAQ
®
. Stock options
and stock index options traded on national securities exchanges or on NASDAQ
®
are valued at the mean between the
latest bid and asked prices for such options. Securities for which market quotations are not readily available and other assets are valued at fair value as determined pursuant to procedures adopted in good faith by the Board. Debt securities that
mature in less than 60 days are valued at amortized cost (unless the Board determines that this method does not represent fair value), if their original maturity was 60 days or less or by amortizing the value as of the 61st day before maturity, if
their original term to maturity exceeded 60 days. A pricing service may be used to determine the fair value of securities held by the Fund. Any such service might value the investments based on methods that include consideration of yields or prices
of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions. The service may also employ electronic data-processing techniques, a matrix system, or both to determine
valuation. The Board will review and monitor the methods such services use to assure itself that securities are valued at their fair values.
The values of securities held by the Fund and other assets used in computing NAV are determined as of the time at which trading in such securities is completed each day. That time, in the case of foreign
securities, generally occurs at various times before the close of the NYSE. Trading in securities listed on foreign securities exchanges will be valued at the last sale or, if no sales are reported, at the bid price as of the close of the exchange,
subject to possible adjustment as described in the Prospectus. Foreign currency exchange rates are also generally determined before the close of the NYSE. On occasion, the values of such securities and exchange rates may be affected by events
occurring between the time as of which determinations of such values or exchange rates are made and the close of the NYSE. When such events materially affect the value of securities held by the Fund or its liabilities, such securities and
liabilities will be valued at fair value in accordance with procedures adopted in good faith by the Board. The values of any assets and liabilities initially expressed in foreign currencies will be converted to U.S. dollars based on exchange rates
supplied by a quotation service.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
22
The Trust has adopted policies and procedures regarding disclosure of
portfolio holdings information (the Disclosure Policy). The Disclosure Policy applies to the Trust and the Adviser, sub-advisers, and other service providers involved in the administration, operation, or custody of the Fund
(collectively, the Service Providers). Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, non-public information concerning the Funds portfolio holdings may be disclosed to its Service Providers only if such disclosure is consistent with the
antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties owed by the Fund and the Adviser and sub-advisers to the Funds shareholders.
The Trust will disclose its portfolio holdings in regulatory filings, including shareholder reports, reports on Form N-Q, and such other filings, reports or disclosure documents as may be required by law.
The Trust may in the future post its portfolio holdings on a monthly basis to a website. The Adviser, along with the Trusts administrator, is responsible for disclosure of portfolio holdings to Service Providers (which may also include
auditing services, proxy voting and other services, such as disclosure to a rating or ranking organization). To ensure that the disclosure of the Trusts portfolio holdings is in the best interests of shareholders, and to avoid any potential or
actual conflicts of interest with Service Providers, the disclosure of the Trusts portfolio holdings for a legitimate business purpose will be approved by the Trusts Board of Trustees in advance of the disclosure, other than with respect
to disclosure to existing Service Providers in connection with their provision of services to the Trust. In the event that the Trust or a Service Provider discloses the Trusts portfolio holdings to a selected third-party for a legitimate
business purpose prior to the release of the Trusts portfolio holdings to the public, such third party shall be required to execute a confidentiality agreement that, among other things, prohibits trading on such information.
The Fund and its Service Providers may not receive compensation or any other consideration (which includes any agreement
to maintain assets in the Fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the Adviser, a sub-adviser, or any affiliated person of the Adviser or sub-adviser) in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information of the
Fund. The Funds Disclosure Policy is implemented and overseen by the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees. Periodic reports regarding these procedures will be provided to the Board. Portfolio
holdings information will be deemed public when it has been posted to the Funds public website or in periodic regulatory filings on the SECs website (www.sec.gov).
All portfolio holdings information that has not been disseminated in a manner making it available to investors generally
is considered non-public portfolio holdings information for the purposes of the Disclosure Policy. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Fund or its Service Providers may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to certain third parties
who fall within pre-authorized categories on a daily basis, with no lag time unless otherwise specified below. These third parties include: (i) the Funds Service Providers and others who need access to such information in the performance
of their contractual or other duties and responsibilities to the Fund (e.g., custodians, accountants, the Adviser, sub-advisers, administrators, attorneys, officers and Trustees) and who are subject to duties of confidentiality imposed by law or
contract; (ii) brokers who execute trades for the Fund; (iii) evaluation service providers; and (iv) shareholders requesting in-kind redemptions.
TAX INFORMATION
The following
information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the tax section in the Funds Prospectus. In addition, the following is only a summary of certain tax considerations that generally affect the Fund and its shareholders. No attempt
is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
The Fund intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the
Code. If so qualified, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on that part of its net investment income and net capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders. Certain federal income and excise taxes would be imposed on the Fund
if it fails to make certain required distributions of its income to shareholders. The Fund intends, however, to make distributions in a manner that will avoid the imposition of any such taxes. If, however, for any taxable year the Fund fails to
qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund would be subject to federal corporate income tax on its taxable income. To qualify for such tax treatment, the Fund must generally, in addition to making distributions to shareholders each year in a timely
manner equal to the sum of (1) at least 90% of its investment company taxable income as defined in the Code (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and (2) at least 90% of its net tax-exempt income, if any,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments received with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, other
income derived with respect to the Funds business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (generally, a publicly traded partnership
other than one where at least 90% of its gross income is gross income that would otherwise be qualifying gross income for a RIC); and (b) diversify its holdings so that at the end of each quarter of its taxable year (i) at least 50% of the
market value of the Funds total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government Securities, securities of other RICs, and other
23
securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Funds total assets or 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the
issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government Securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of any
two or more issuers that the Fund controls and are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
If the Fund qualifies as a RIC and meets the distribution requirement described above, but chooses to retain some portion
of its taxable income or gains, it generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. The Fund may designate certain amounts retained as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its
shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their
proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on that undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed their liabilities and (iii) will be entitled to increase
their tax basis, for federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.
Notwithstanding the distribution requirement described above, which only requires the Fund to distribute at least 90% of
its annual investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and does not require any minimum distribution of net capital gain, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax to the extent
it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year at least the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for that year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income (the excess of short- and long-term capital gain over short- and long-term capital loss) for
the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions to avoid liability for the federal excise tax, but can make no assurances that all such taxes will be
eliminated. The Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate portfolio investments in order to make sufficient distributions to avoid federal income or excise tax liability when the investment adviser might not otherwise have chosen to
do so.
Shareholders subject to federal income taxation will have to pay any applicable federal income taxes
on the dividends and capital gains distributions they receive from the Fund, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. Dividends and capital gains distributions may also be subject to applicable state and local taxes.
Dividends derived from net investment income or net realized short-term capital gains will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes, although for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, certain
dividends may be treated as qualified dividend income, as described below. Distributions from the Funds net capital gain (the excess of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses) will be taxable to
shareholders as long-term capital gains for federal income tax purposes, regardless of how long shareholders have held their shares of the Fund. The Code provides that the net capital gain of an individual generally will not be subject to federal
income tax at a rate in excess of 15% with respect to capital assets held for more than 12 months; the maximum rate is currently scheduled to increase to 20% for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013. Distributions paid in
January, but declared by the Fund in October, November or December of the previous year may be taxable to you in the previous year. Each year, shareholders of the Fund will be sent full information on dividends and capital gains distributions for
tax purposes, including information as to the portion taxable as ordinary income, the portion taxable as long-term capital gains, the amount of dividends that are reported as qualified dividend income,
25
and the amount of dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction available for corporations.
Beginning in 2013, U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) will be subject to a new 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their net investment
income, including interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund). This 3.8% tax will also apply to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of
certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
Redemptions of shares of the Fund will result in the
recognition of any gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. Any loss arising from the sale or redemption of shares of the Fund held for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent
of any amount of capital gains distributions the shareholder receives with respect to such shares (including any amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains). For purposes of determining whether shares in the Fund have been
held for six months or less, a shareholders holding period is suspended for any periods during which the shareholders risk of loss is diminished as a result of holding one or more other positions in substantially similar or related
property, or through certain options or short sales.
Upon a redemption of shares, the Fund (or its
administrative agent) is generally required to report to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and furnish to the redeeming shareholder cost basis and holding period information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012
(covered shares). For covered shares, the Fund will permit shareholders to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including average cost. In the absence of an election, the Fund will use the FIFO (first in, first out)
method as the default cost basis method. The cost basis method elected by a shareholder (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of shares may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale of shares. Shareholders
should consult with their tax advisors to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the new cost basis reporting law applies to them.
Depending on the composition of the Funds income, the entire amount or a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund
from net investment income may be reported as qualified dividend income, which for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013 is taxable to individual shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, provided that certain
holding-period requirements are met. Under current law, dividend income will be taxable at ordinary income rates for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2013. In general, dividend income of the Fund distributed to shareholders may be
reported as qualified dividend income to the extent that the Funds income consists of qualified dividend income. If 95% or more of the Funds gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or
other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income. In general, qualified dividend income includes dividends paid by U.S. corporations
and certain foreign corporations. However, the lower tax rate will apply only if the individual shareholder holds shares in the Fund, and the Fund holds shares in the dividend-paying corporation, at least 61 days during a prescribed period. The
prescribed period is the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the date on which the shareholder or the Fund, as the case may be, becomes entitled to receive the dividend. In determining the holding period for this purpose, any period during which
the recipients risk of loss is offset by means of options, short sales, or similar transactions is not counted. In addition, an individual shareholder would not benefit to the extent that he, she, or it is obligated (e.g., pursuant to a short
sale or securities lending arrangement) to make related payments with
25
respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Any use by the Fund of an options overlay strategy may limit its ability to distribute dividends eligible for treatment as
qualified dividend income.
Depending on the composition of the Funds income, the entire amount or a
portion of the dividends paid by the Fund from net investment income may qualify for the dividends-received deduction allowable to qualifying U.S. corporate shareholders (the dividends-received deduction). In general, dividend income of
the Fund distributed to qualifying corporate shareholders will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction only to the extent that the Funds income consists of dividends paid by U.S. corporations. However, a corporate shareholders
dividends-received deduction will be disallowed unless he, she, or it holds shares in the Fund, and the Fund holds shares in the dividend-paying corporation, at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the date on which the
shareholder or the Fund, as the case may be, becomes entitled to receive the dividend. In determining the holding period for this purpose, any period during which the recipients risk of loss is offset by means of options, short sales, or
similar transactions is not counted. In addition, a corporate shareholder would not benefit to the extent that he, she, or it is obligated (e.g.
,
pursuant to a short sale) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially
similar or related property. Any use by the Fund of an options overlay strategy may limit its ability to distribute dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Furthermore, the dividends-received deduction will be disallowed to the
extent that a corporate shareholders investment in shares of the Fund, or the Funds investment in the shares of the dividend-paying corporation, is financed with indebtedness.
Distributions in excess of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return
of capital to the extent of your basis in the shares, and as capital gain thereafter. A distribution will reduce the Funds NAV per share and may be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an investment standpoint,
the distribution may constitute a return of capital. Therefore, an investor should consider the tax consequences of purchasing shares immediately before a distribution record date.
Dividends and interest the Fund receives on foreign investments may give rise to withholding and other taxes that foreign
countries impose on the Fund. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the Funds total assets at the close of any taxable year consist of stock or securities of foreign
corporations, the Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders their pro rata shares of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund for that taxable year. If the Fund so elects, shareholders would be required to include such taxes in their gross
incomes (in addition to the dividends and distributions they actually receive), would treat such taxes as foreign taxes paid by them, and as described below may be entitled to a tax deduction for such taxes or a tax credit, subject to a holding
period requirement and other limitations under the Code.
Qualified foreign taxes generally include taxes that
would be treated as income taxes under U.S. tax regulations but do not include most other taxes, such as stamp taxes, securities transaction taxes, and similar taxes. If the Fund makes the election described above, shareholders may deduct their pro
rata portion of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund for that taxable year in computing their income subject to U.S. federal income taxation or, alternatively, claim them as credits, subject to applicable limitations under the Code, against
their U.S. federal income taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions for U.S. federal income tax purposes will not, however, be able to deduct their pro rata portion of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund, although such shareholders will
be required to include their shares of such taxes in gross income if the Fund makes the election described above. No deduction for such taxes will be permitted to individuals in computing their alternative minimum tax liability.
If the Fund makes this election and a shareholder chooses to take a credit for the foreign taxes deemed paid by such
shareholder, the amount of the credit that may be claimed in any year may not exceed
26
the same proportion of the U.S. tax against which such credit is taken that the shareholders taxable income from foreign sources (but not in excess of the shareholders entire taxable
income) bears to his entire taxable income. For this purpose, long-term and short-term capital gains the Fund realizes and distributes to shareholders will generally not be treated as income from foreign sources in their hands, nor will
distributions of certain foreign currency gains or of any other income realized by the Fund that is deemed, under the Code, to be U.S.-source income in the hands of the Fund. This foreign tax credit limitation may also be applied separately to
certain specific categories of foreign-source income and the related foreign taxes. As a result of these rules, which may have different effects depending upon each shareholders particular tax situation, certain shareholders may not be able to
claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Shareholders who are not liable for U.S. federal income taxes, including tax-exempt shareholders, will ordinarily not benefit from this election.
If the Fund does make the election, it will provide required tax information to shareholders. The Fund generally may deduct any foreign taxes that are not passed through to its shareholders in computing its income available for distribution to
shareholders to satisfy applicable tax distribution requirements.
There is generally no withholding tax to a
shareholder who is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Code (Non-U.S. Person) on the portion of the Funds distributions that consist of long-term capital gains realized by the Fund. However, the remaining distributions to
Non-U.S. Persons are generally subject to a 30% withholding tax, unless reduced or eliminated by treaty. Other rules may apply to Non-U.S. Persons whose income from the Fund is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business by
such Non-U.S. Person. Such investors should consult with their own advisers regarding those rules.
Federal
regulations generally require the Fund to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a backup withholding tax with respect to dividends, distributions from net realized long-term capital gains, and the proceeds of any redemption paid to a
shareholder if such shareholder fails to certify on IRS Form W-9, Form W-8BEN, or other applicable form either that the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) furnished to the Fund is correct or that such shareholder has not received
notice from the Internal Revenue Service (the Service) of being subject to backup withholding. Furthermore, the Service may notify the Fund to institute backup withholding if the Service determines that a shareholders TIN is
incorrect or if a shareholder has failed to properly report taxable dividends or interest on a federal tax return. A TIN is either the Social Security number or employer identification number of the record owner of the account. Any tax withheld as a
result of backup withholding does not constitute an additional tax and may be claimed as a credit on the record owners timely filed federal income tax return. The backup withholding rate is currently 28% and is scheduled to increase to 31% in
2013.
From time to time, it is possible that the Fund may not qualify as a publicly offered regulated
investment company. In such case, certain non-corporate shareholders, including individuals, trusts, and estates, may be limited in their ability to deduct certain expenses of the Fund, including the total advisory fee. Such expenses would be
treated as miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to limitations on deductibility applicable to such shareholders. A publicly offered regulated investment company is a RIC whose shares are (1) continuously offered pursuant to a
public offering, (2) regularly traded on an established securities market, or (3) held by or for at least 500 persons at all times during the taxable year.
Under promulgated United States Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of the
Funds shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form
8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are
27
in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. In addition, significant penalties may be imposed for the failure to
comply with the reporting requirements. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers
to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Ordinarily,
gains and losses realized by the Fund from portfolio transactions will be treated as capital gains and losses. However, all or a portion of the gain or loss realized from the disposition of foreign currencies (including foreign currency-denominated
bank deposits) and non-U.S.-dollar-denominated securities (including debt instruments and certain forward contracts and options) will be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code. Income or loss from transactions
involving certain derivative instruments, such as certain swap transactions, will also generally constitute ordinary income or loss. In addition, all or a portion of any gains realized from the sale or other disposition of certain market discount
bonds will be treated as ordinary income under Section 1276 of the Code. Finally, all or a portion of the gain realized from engaging in conversion transactions may be treated as ordinary income under Section 1258 of the Code.
Conversion transactions are defined to include certain forward, futures, option, and straddle transactions, certain transactions marketed or sold to produce capital gains, or transactions described in Treasury regulations to be issued in
the future.
The Fund may invest in complex securities. These investments may be subject to numerous special
and complex rules. These rules could affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income to the Fund and/or defer the Funds ability to recognize losses. In
turn, these rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed to you by the Fund.
Under Section 1256 of the Code, any gain or loss realized by the Fund from certain foreign currency forward
contracts and options transactions will be treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Gain or loss will arise upon exercise or lapse of such contracts and options, as well as from closing transactions. In
addition, any such contracts or options remaining unexercised at the end of the Funds taxable year will be treated as sold for their then-fair market value and thus result in additional gain or loss to the Fund (without the concurrent receipt
of cash) characterized in the manner described above. In order to satisfy the distribution requirements and avoid a tax on the Fund, the Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold,
potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the Fund.
Offsetting positions the Fund holds
with respect to certain property may constitute straddles. Straddles are defined to include offsetting positions in actively traded personal property. The tax treatment of straddles is governed by
Sections 1092 of the Code, which, in certain circumstances, overrides or modifies the provisions of Sections 1256 and 988 of the Code. All or a portion of any short- or long-term capital gain from certain straddle transactions may be
recharacterized as ordinary income. Losses on straddles may be deferred.
If the Fund were treated as entering
into straddles by reason of engaging in certain forward contracts or options transactions, such straddles would be characterized as mixed straddles if the forward contracts or options transactions comprising a
part of such straddles were governed by Section 1256 of the Code. The Fund may make one or more elections with respect to mixed straddles. Depending on which election is made, if any, the results to the Fund may differ.
If no election is made, to the extent the straddle and conversion transaction rules apply to positions established by the Fund, losses realized by the Fund will be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in the offsetting position.
Moreover, as a result of
28
the straddle and conversion transaction rules, short-term capital loss on straddle positions may be recharacterized as long-term capital loss, long-term capital gains from
such positions may be treated as short-term capital gains, and any capital gains from such positions may be treated as ordinary income.
In the event of short sales of an appreciated financial position, which sales constitute constructive sales under Section 1259 of the Code, the Fund must recognize a gain as if the position were
sold, assigned, or otherwise terminated at its market value as of the date of the short sale and immediately repurchased. Appropriate adjustments would be made in the amount of any gain or loss subsequently realized on that position to reflect the
gain recognized on the short sale. The Funds holding period in the position would begin as if the Fund had first acquired the position on the date of the short sale.
If the Fund acquires any equity interest (under Treasury regulations that may be promulgated in the future, generally
including not only stock but also an option to acquire stock such as is inherent in a convertible bond) in certain foreign corporations (i) that receive at least 75% of their annual gross income from passive sources (such as interest,
dividends, certain rents and royalties, or capital gains) or (ii) where at least 50% of the corporations assets (computed based on average fair market value) either produce or are held for the production of passive income (passive
foreign investment companies), the Fund could be subject to U.S. federal income tax and additional interest charges on excess distributions received from such companies or on gain from the sale of stock in such companies, even if
all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. The Fund would not be able to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for such a tax. A qualified electing fund election or a
mark to market election may generally be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections could require the Fund to recognize taxable income or gain (subject to the distribution requirements applicable
to RICs, as described above) without the concurrent receipt of cash. In order to satisfy the distribution requirements and avoid a tax on the Fund, the Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to
hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the Fund. Gains from the sale of stock of passive foreign investment companies may also be treated as ordinary income. In order for the Fund to make a qualified electing fund election
with respect to a passive foreign investment company, the passive foreign investment company would have to agree to provide certain tax information to the Fund on an annual basis, which it might not agree to do. The Fund may limit and/or manage its
holdings in passive foreign investment companies to limit its tax liability or maximize its returns from these investments.
The Trust may be subject to tax in certain states in which it does business. In states with income tax laws, the tax treatment of the Trust and its shareholders in respect to distributions may differ from
the federal tax treatment.
The foregoing discussion regarding federal and state income taxation is for
general information only. It is based on tax laws and regulations as in effect on the date of this SAI and is subject to change by legislative or administrative action. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers concerning the federal,
state, local, and foreign tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
AND BROKERAGE
Subject to the general supervision of the Board, the Adviser and sub-advisers are
responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions, and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. Purchases and sales of securities on a stock exchange are
effected through brokers who charge a commission for their services. In the OTC market, securities are generally traded on a net basis, with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the
price of the security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price, which includes an amount of
29
compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriters concession or discount. Certain money market instruments may be purchased directly from an issuer, in which case
no commission or discounts are paid. Fixed commissions on foreign stock-exchange transactions are generally higher than are negotiated commissions on domestic transactions. There is also generally less government supervision and regulation of
foreign stock exchanges and brokers than in the U.S.
The Adviser and sub-advisers may serve as an investment
adviser to other clients. It is their practice to cause purchase and sale transactions to be allocated among the Fund and others whose assets they manage in such manner as they deem equitable. In making such allocations, the main factors considered
are the respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size of investment commitments generally held, and the opinions of the persons
responsible for managing the Fund and the other client accounts. This procedure may, under certain circumstances, have an adverse effect on the Fund.
The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for the Fund is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of
transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trusts policy is to pay commissions that are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible
commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Adviser and sub-advisers believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest commission cost could impede effective management and preclude the Adviser or sub-advisers from obtaining high-quality
brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser and sub-advisers rely on their experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various
brokers and on their judgment in evaluating the brokerage and research services received from the broker effecting the transaction.
In seeking to implement the Trusts policies, the Adviser and sub-advisers effect transactions with brokers and dealers that they believe provide the most favorable prices and are capable of
providing efficient executions. The Adviser and sub-advisers may place portfolio transactions with a broker or dealer that furnishes research and other services and may pay higher commissions to brokers in recognition of research provided (or direct
the payment of commissions to such brokers). Such services may include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the following: (1) information as to the availability of securities for purchase or sale, (2) statistical or factual
information or opinions pertaining to investments, (3) wire services, (4) and appraisals or evaluations of portfolio securities. The information and services received by the Adviser and sub-advisers from brokers and dealers may be of
benefit in the management of accounts of other clients and may not in all cases benefit the Trust directly. While such services are useful and important in supplementing its own research and facilities, the Adviser and sub-advisers believe the value
of such services is not determinable and does not significantly reduce its expenses.
DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES
The Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan for its Institutional Shares pursuant to which it may directly or indirectly
bear expenses relating to the distribution and marketing of its shares, including payments to financial institutions and intermediaries for services in connection with distribution, the costs of preparing, printing, mailing or otherwise
disseminating sales literature, advertising, and prospectuses to potential shareholders, and promotional and incentive programs. Continuance of the plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees and by a majority of the Independent
Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the plan or in any agreements related to the plan. The plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to
and reviewed by the Trustees. The plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent there under without approval by a majority of the outstanding
30
shares of the Trust. All material amendments of the plan require approval by a majority of the Trustees and of the Independent Trustees.
The Distribution Plan provides that Institutional Shares of the Fund pay the Trusts principal underwriter an annual
fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the shares. Under the plan, the principal underwriter may retain all or a part of this fee as compensation for distribution or shareholder services it provides or it may use such
fees for compensation of broker/dealers and other financial institutions and intermediaries that provide distribution or shareholder services as specified by the principal underwriter. The plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the fee
will be paid to the principal underwriter without regard to the distribution expenses it incurs or the amount of payments made to broker/dealers or other financial institutions and intermediaries.
PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES
Subject to the supervision of the Board, the Fund has delegated authority to vote proxies to the Adviser, which has
delegated such authority to the sub-advisers with respect to the assets of the Fund each manages. The proxy voting policies and procedures of AQR and DFA are attached as Appendix B. PRA does not direct the Funds investments into securities
that offer proxy voting opportunities.
Each year, the Fund will make available the actual voting records
relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund during the 12-month period ending June 30 without charge, upon request, by calling 1-877-997-9971 or by accessing the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description of Shares
The Trust is authorized to issue an
unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, with or without par value. Currently, the Trust consists of one series of shares representing two classes of shares. However, the Board has the authority to establish additional series of shares
(representing interests in separate investment portfolios of the Trust) and, subject to applicable rules, may establish additional classes of shares of any series, with the differences in classes representing differences as to certain expenses and
share distribution arrangements. Shares are fully paid and non-assessable and have no pre-emptive or conversion rights.
Shareholders of the Fund are entitled to vote, together with the holders of shares of any other series of the Trust, on the election or removal of Trustees and the ratification of the Trusts
independent registered public accounting firm when shareholders vote on those matters. Shareholders are also entitled to vote on other matters as required by the 1940 Act, the Trusts Declaration of Trust, the Trusts By-Laws, or any
registration of the Trust with the SEC or any state, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. On these other matters, shares of the Fund will generally vote as a separate class from any other series of the Trusts shares. Each
share (and fractional share) is entitled to one vote (or fraction thereof). However, if shares of more than one series vote together on a matter as a single class, each share (or fraction thereof) will be entitled to the number of votes that equals
the net asset value of such share (or fraction thereof) determined as of the applicable record date.
Trustee and Officer Liability
Under the Trusts Declaration of Trust and its By-Laws, and under Delaware law, the Trustees,
officers, employees, and certain agents of the Trust are entitled to indemnification under certain circumstances against liabilities, claims, and expenses arising from any threatened, pending, or completed
31
action, suit, or proceeding to which they are made parties by reason of the fact that they are or were such Trustees, officers, employees, or agents of the Trust, subject to the limitations of
the 1940 Act that prohibit indemnification that would protect such persons against liabilities to the Trust or its shareholders to which they would otherwise be subject by reason of their own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence, or
reckless disregard of duties.
5% AND 25% SHAREHOLDERS
As of December 1, 2012, the following persons were the only persons who were record owners (or to the knowledge of the
Trust, beneficial owners) of 5% or more of the shares of the Fund:
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Shareholder/Address
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Percentage of
Ownership
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Aspiriant, LLC
11100 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite
600
Los Angeles, CA 90025
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Advisor Shares
-- 100%
Institutional Shares -- 100%
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Trusts audited financial statements and the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP are included in Appendix C.
32
APPENDIX A
Description of ratings used by Standard & Poors Ratings Group, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
(S&P), and Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys):
S&P: Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
AAA
An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating the S&P assigns. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA
An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only in a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A
An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in more highly rated categories. However, the
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB
An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic
conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least
degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations are likely to have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB
An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to non-payment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic
conditions, which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B
An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to
non-payment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions are likely to impair the obligors capacity or
willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
A-1
CCC
An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business,
financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
Moodys: Corporate Bond Ratings
Aaa
Bonds rated as Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and generally are referred to as gilt-edged. Interest payments are
protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa
Bonds rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group, they comprise what generally are known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than
the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities, or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude, or there may be other elements present that make the long-term risks appear
somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A
Bonds rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium-grade
obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa
Bonds rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the
present, but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba
Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often, the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and
thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B
Bonds rated B generally lack
characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
A-2
Caa
Bonds rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default, or there may be present elements of
danger with respect to principal or interest.
Moodys applies numerical modifiers1, 2, and
3in each generic rating classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond-rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category, the modifier 2 indicates a
mid-range ranking, and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
A-3
APPENDIX B
AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC (AQR)
PROXY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 Rule 206(4)-6 imposes a number of requirements on investment advisers that have voting authority with respect to securities held in their clients accounts. The SEC
states that the duty of care requires an adviser with proxy voting authority to monitor corporate actions and to vote the proxies. To satisfy its duty of loyalty, an adviser must cast the proxy votes in a manner consistent with the best interests of
its clients, and must never put the advisers own interests above those of its clients.
These written
policies and procedures are designed to reasonably ensure that AQR votes proxies in the best interest of clients over whom AQR has voting authority; and describes how AQR addresses material conflicts between its interests and those of its clients
with respect to proxy voting.
Generally, AQR will vote based upon the recommendations of ISS Governance Services (ISS), an unaffiliated third party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of
shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services
.
AQR has adopted the Proxy Voting Guidelines employed by ISS to vote proxies. Although ISS analyses are reviewed and considered in making a
final voting decision, AQR will make the ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the employees, officers, or principals of AQR will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of its Clients.
In addition, unless prior approval is obtained from AQRs CCO the following must be adhered to:
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(a)
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AQR shall not engage in conduct that involves an attempt to change or influence the control of a public company. In addition, all communications
regarding proxy issues or corporate actions between companies or their agents, or with fellow shareholders shall be for the sole purpose of expressing and discussing AQRs concerns for its advisory clients interests and not for an attempt
to influence or control management.
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(b)
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AQR will not announce its voting intentions and the reasons therefore.
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B-1
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(c)
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AQR shall not participate in a proxy solicitation or otherwise seek proxy-voting authority from any other public company shareholder.
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AQR has the responsibility to process proxies and maintain proxy records pursuant to SEC
rules and regulations. Therefore, AQR will attempt to process every vote it receives for all domestic and foreign proxies. However, there may be situations in which AQR cannot vote proxies. For example:
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If the cost of voting a proxy outweighs the benefit of voting, AQR may refrain from processing that vote.
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AQR may not be given enough time to process the vote. For example ISS through no fault of its own, may receive a meeting notice from the company too
late, or may be unable to obtain a timely translation of the agenda.
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If AQR has outstanding sell orders or intends to sell, the proxies for those meetings may not be voted in order to facilitate the sale of those
securities. Although AQR may hold shares on a companys record date, should it sell them prior to the companys meeting date, AQR ultimately may decide not to vote those shares.
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AQR will generally refrain from voting proxies on foreign securities that are subject to share blocking restrictions.
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AQR may vote against an agenda item where no further information is provided, particularly in non-U.S. markets. AQR may
also enter an abstain vote on the election of certain directors from time to time based on individual situations, particularly where AQR is not in favor of electing a director and there is no provision for voting against such director.
If an AQR portfolio manager determines that the interests of clients are best served by voting differently
from the ISS recommended vote, approval must be obtained from the CCO or designee. AQR will adhere to the Conflict of Interest (below) section of this policy in all instances where the recommended vote is not taken.
AQR will periodically review the outside partys voting standards and guidelines to make certain that proxy issues
are voted in accordance with the adopted proxy voting guidelines and the avoidance of conflicts of interest.
AQR has engaged ISS to assist in the administrative aspects for the voting of proxies. ISS is responsible for coordinating with Clients custodians to ensure that all proxy materials received by the
custodians relating to the Clients portfolio securities are processed in a timely fashion. To the extent
B-2
applicable, ISS votes all proxies in accordance with its own proxy voting guidelines (please see Proxy Guidelines above), which have been reviewed and adopted by AQR. The CCO shall supervise the
proxy voting process.
Upon request, AQR will furnish a copy of the policies and procedures to the requesting
client and information on how the clients proxies were voted.
Occasions may arise where a person or organization involved in the proxy voting process may have a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest may exist, for example, if AQR has a business relationship
with (or is actively soliciting business from) either the company soliciting the proxy or a third party that has a material interest in the outcome of a proxy vote or that is actively lobbying for a particular outcome of a proxy vote. Any individual
with knowledge of a personal conflict of interest (e.g., familial relationship with company management) relating to a particular referral item shall disclose that conflict to the CCO and otherwise remove him or herself from the proxy voting process.
The CCO will review each item referred to by AQRs investment professionals to determine if a conflict of interest exists and will draft a Conflicts Report for each referral item that (1) describes any conflict of interest;
(2) discusses the procedures used to address such conflict of interest; and (3) discloses any contacts from parties outside AQR (other than routine communications from proxy solicitors) with respect to the referral item not otherwise
reported in an investment professionals recommendation. The Conflicts Report will also include written confirmation that any recommendation from an investment professional provided under circumstances where a conflict of interest exists was
made solely on the investment merits and without regard to any other consideration.
B-3
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Effective Date: February 21, 2012
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PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LP
DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LTD.
DFA AUSTRALIA LIMITED
Introduction
Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (Dimensional) is an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of
1940 (the Advisers Act). Dimensional controls Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. (DFAL) and DFA Australia Limited (DFAA) (Dimensional, DFAL and DFAA are collectively referred to as the Advisors). DFAL and
DFAA are also investment advisors registered under the Advisers Act.
The Advisors provide investment advisory
or subadvisory services to various types of clients, including registered funds, unregistered commingled funds, defined benefit plans, defined contribution plans, private and public pension funds, foundations, endowment funds and other types of
investors. These clients frequently give the Advisors the authority and discretion to vote proxy statements relating to the underlying securities that are held on behalf of such clients. Also, a client may, at times, ask an Advisor to provide voting
advice on certain proxies without delegating full voting discretion to the Advisor. Depending on the client, the Advisors duties may include making decisions regarding whether and how to vote proxies as part of an investment managers
fiduciary duty under ERISA.
The following Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the Policy)
address the Advisors objectives for voting proxies received by the Advisors on behalf of client accounts to the extent that relationships with such clients are subject to the Advisers Act or clients that are registered investment companies
under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 40 Act), including The DFA Investment Trust Company, DFA Investment Dimensions Group Inc., Dimensional Investment Group Inc. and Dimensional Emerging Markets Value Fund Inc. (together, the
Dimensional Investment Companies). The Advisors believe that this Policy is reasonably designed to meet their goal of ensuring that the Advisors endeavor to vote (or refrain from voting) proxies in a manner consistent with the best
interests of their clients, as understood by the Advisors at the time of the vote.
Exhibit A to this Policy
includes a summary of the Advisors current Proxy Voting Guidelines and will change from time to time (the Guidelines). The Guidelines are largely based on those developed by Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.
(ISS) an independent third party, except with respect to certain matters which are generally described in Exhibit A. The Investment Committee of Dimensional has determined that, in general, voting proxies pursuant to the Guidelines
should be in the best interests of clients. Therefore, an Advisor will usually instruct voting of proxies in accordance with the Guidelines. The Guidelines provide a framework for analysis and decision making, but do not address all potential
issues. In order to be able to address all the relevant facts and circumstances related to a proxy vote, the Advisors reserve the right to instruct votes counter to the Guidelines if, after a review of the matter, an Advisor believes that a
clients best interests would be served by such a vote. In such circumstance, the analysis will be documented in writing and periodically presented to the Committee (as hereinafter defined). To the extent that the Guidelines do not cover
potential voting issues, an Advisor will instruct the vote on such issues in a manner that is consistent with the spirit of the Guidelines and that the Advisor believes would be in the best interests of the client.
The Advisors may, but will not ordinarily take social concerns into account in voting proxies with respect to securities
held by clients, including those held by socially screened portfolios or accounts.
B-4
The Advisors have retained ISS to provide information on shareholder meeting
dates and proxy materials, translate proxy materials printed in a foreign language, provide research on proxy proposals and voting recommendations in accordance with the Guidelines, effect votes on behalf of the clients for whom the Advisors have
proxy voting responsibility and provide reports concerning the proxies voted (Proxy Voting Services). In addition, the Advisors may retain Proxy Voting Services from supplemental third-party proxy service providers to provide, among
other things, research on proxy proposals and voting recommendations for certain shareholder meetings, as identified in the Guidelines. Although the Advisors retain third-party service providers for proxy issues, the Advisors remain responsible for
proxy voting decisions. In this regard, the Advisors use commercially reasonable efforts to oversee the directed delegation to third-party proxy voting service providers, upon which the Advisors rely to carry out the Proxy Voting Services. In the
event that the Guidelines are not implemented precisely as Advisors intend because of the actions or omissions of any third party service providers, custodians or sub-custodians or other agents, or any such persons experience any
irregularities (e.g. misvotes or missed votes), then such instances will not necessarily be deemed by the Advisors as a breach of this Policy.
Procedures for Voting Proxies
The Investment Committee at Dimensional is generally responsible for overseeing each Advisors proxy voting process. The Investment Committee has formed a Corporate Governance Committee (the
Corporate Governance Committee or the Committee) composed of certain officers, directors and other personnel of the Advisors and has delegated to its members authority to (i) oversee the voting of proxies, (ii) make
determinations as to how to instruct the vote on certain specific proxies, (iii) verify the on-going compliance with this Policy and (iv) review this Policy from time to time and recommend changes to the Investment Committee. The Committee
may designate one or more of its members to oversee specific, ongoing compliance with respect to these Procedures and may designate other personnel of each Advisor to instruct the vote on proxies on behalf of the Advisors clients, including
all authorized traders of the Advisors (Authorized Persons). The Committee may modify this Policy from time to time to meet the goal of acting in a manner consistent with the best interests of the clients.
Generally, the Advisors analyze proxy statements on behalf of their clients and instruct the vote (or refrain from
voting) proxies in accordance with this Policy and the Guidelines. Therefore, an Advisor generally will not instruct votes differently for different clients unless a client has expressly directed the Advisor to vote differently for such
clients account. In the case of separate accounts, where an Advisor has contractually agreed to follow a clients individualized proxy voting guidelines, the Advisor will instruct such vote on the clients proxies pursuant to the
clients guidelines.
Each Advisor seeks to vote (or refrain from voting) proxies for its clients in a
manner that the Advisor determines is in the best interests of its clients and which seeks to maximize the value of the clients investments. In some cases, the Advisor may determine that it is in the best interests of clients to refrain from
exercising the clients proxy voting rights. The Advisor may determine that voting is not in the best interest of a client and refrain from voting if the costs, including the opportunity costs, of voting would, in the view of the Advisor,
exceed the expected benefits of voting to the client. For securities on loan, the Advisor will balance the revenue-producing value of loans against the difficult-to-assess value of casting votes. It is the Advisors belief that the expected
value of casting a vote generally will be less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by the Advisor recalling loaned
securities in order to ensure they are voted. The Advisor does intend to recall securities on loan if based upon information in the Advisors possession, it determines that voting the securities is likely to materially affect the value of a
clients investment and that it is in the clients best interests to do so.
B-5
In cases where the Advisor does not receive a solicitation or enough
information within a sufficient time (as reasonably determined by the Advisor) prior to the proxy-voting deadline, the Advisor or its service provider may be unable to vote.
Generally, the Advisors do not intend to engage in shareholder activism with respect to a pending vote. However, if an
issuers management, shareholders or proxy solicitors contact the Advisors with respect to a pending vote, a member of the Committee may discuss the vote with such party and report to the full Committee.
International Proxy Voting
While the Advisors utilize the Policy and Guidelines for both their international and domestic portfolios and clients, there are some significant differences between voting U.S. company proxies and voting
non-U.S. company proxies. For U.S. companies, it is relatively easy to vote proxies, as the proxies are typically received automatically and may be voted by mail or electronically. In most cases, the officers of a U.S. company soliciting a proxy act
as proxies for the companys shareholders.
With respect to non-U.S. companies,
however, it is typically both difficult and costly to vote proxies due to local regulations, customs or other requirements or restrictions, and such circumstances may outweigh any anticipated economic benefit of voting. The major difficulties and
costs may include: (i) appointing a proxy; (ii) obtaining reliable information about the time and location of a meeting; (iii) obtaining relevant information about voting procedures for foreign shareholders; (iv) restrictions on trading
securities that are subject to proxy votes (share-blocking periods); (v) arranging for a proxy to vote locally in person; (vi) fees charged by custody banks for providing certain services with regard to voting proxies; and
(vii) foregone income from securities lending programs. The Advisors do not intend to vote proxies of non-U.S. companies if they determine that the expected costs of voting outweigh any anticipated economic benefit to the client of
voting.
1
The Advisors intend to make their determination
on whether to vote proxies of non-U.S. companies on a client by client basis, and generally seek to implement uniform voting procedures for all proxies of companies in each country. The Advisors periodically review voting logistics, including costs
and other voting difficulties, on a client by client and country by country basis, in order to determine if there have been any material changes that would affect the Advisors decision of whether or not to vote. In the event an Advisor is made
aware of and believes that an issue to be voted is likely to materially affect the economic value of a portfolio, that its vote is reasonably likely to influence the ultimate outcome of the contest, and that the expected benefits to the client of
voting the proxies exceed the expected costs, the Advisor will seek to make every reasonable effort to vote such proxies.
1
As the SEC has stated, There may even be
times when refraining from voting a proxy is in the clients best interest, such as when the adviser determines that the cost of voting the proxy exceeds the expected benefit to the client
For example, casting a vote on a foreign security
may involve additional costs such as hiring a translator or traveling to the foreign country to vote the security in person.
See Proxy Voting by Investment Advisers
, Release No. IA-2106 (Jan. 31, 2003). Additionally, the Department of
Labor has stated it interprets ERISA§ 404(a)(1) to require the responsible plan fiduciary to weigh the costs and benefits of voting on proxy proposals relating to foreign securities and make an informed decision with respect to whether
voting a given proxy proposal is prudent and solely in the interest of the plans participants and beneficiaries.
See Preamble to Department of Labor Interpretative Bulletin
94-2, 59 FR 38860 (July 29, 1994) 19,971, CCH, 22,485-23
to 22,485-24 (1994).
B-6
Conflicts of Interest
Occasions may arise where an Authorized Person, the Committee, an Advisor, or an affiliated person of the Advisor may
have a conflict of interest in connection with the proxy voting process. A conflict of interest may exist, for example, if an Advisor is actively soliciting investment advisory business from the company soliciting the proxy. However, proxies that
the Advisors receive on behalf of their clients generally will be voted in accordance with the predetermined Guidelines. Therefore, proxies voted should not result from any conflicts of interest.
In the limited instances where (i) an Authorized Person is considering voting a proxy contrary to the Guidelines (or
in cases for which the Guidelines do not prescribe a particular vote and the proposed vote is contrary to the recommendation of ISS), and (ii) the Authorized Person believes a potential conflict of interest exists, the Authorized Person will
disclose the potential conflict to a member of the Committee. Such disclosure will describe the proposal to be voted upon and disclose any potential conflict of interest including but not limited to any potential personal conflict of interest (e.g.,
familial relationship with company management) the Authorized Person may have relating to the proxy vote, in which case the Authorized Person will remove himself or herself from the proxy voting process.
If the Committee member has actual knowledge of a conflict of interest and recommends a vote contrary to the Guidelines
(or in the case where the Guidelines do not prescribe a particular vote and the proposed vote is contrary to the recommendation of ISS), the Committee member will bring the vote to the Committee which will (a) determine how the vote should be
cast keeping in mind the principle of preserving shareholder value or (b) determine to abstain from voting, unless abstaining would be materially adverse to the Clients interest. To the extent the Committee makes a determination regarding
how to vote or to abstain for a proxy on behalf of a Dimensional Investment Company in the circumstances described in this paragraph, the Advisor will report annually on such determinations to the Board of Directors of the Dimensional Investment
Company.
Availability of Proxy Voting Information and Recordkeeping
Each Advisor will inform its clients on how to obtain information regarding the Advisors voting of its
clients securities. The Advisor will provide its clients with a summary of its proxy voting guidelines, process and policies and will inform its clients of how they can obtain a copy of the complete Policy upon request. The Advisor will
include such information described in the preceding two sentences in Part II of its Form ADV. The Advisor will also provide its existing clients with the above information.
Recordkeeping
The Advisors will also keep records of the
following items: (i) their proxy voting guidelines, policies and procedures; (ii) proxy statements received regarding client securities (unless such statements are available on the SECs Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and
Retrieval (EDGAR) system); (iii) records of votes they cast on behalf of clients, which may be maintained by a third party service provider if the service provider undertakes to provide copies of those records promptly upon request;
(iv) records of written client requests for proxy voting information and the Advisors responses (whether a clients request was oral or in writing); and (v) any documents prepared by the Advisors that were material to making a
decision how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision. The Advisors will maintain these records in an easily accessible place for at least
six years
from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such
records. For the first
two years
, each Advisor will store such records at one of its principal offices.
B-7
Disclosure
Dimensional shall disclose in the statements of additional information of the Dimensional Investment Companies a summary of procedures which Dimensional uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to
portfolio securities of the Dimensional Investment Companies. The disclosure will include a description of the procedures used when a vote presents a conflict of interest between shareholders and Dimensional, DFA Securities LLC (DFAS) or
an affiliate of Dimensional or DFAS.
The semi-annual reports of the Dimensional Investment Companies shall
indicate that the procedures are available: (i) by calling Dimensional collect; or (ii) on the SECs website. If a request for the procedures is received, the requested description must be sent within three business days by a prompt
method of delivery.
Dimensional, on behalf of each Dimensional Investment Company it advises, shall file its
proxy voting record with the SEC on Form N-PX no later than August 31 of each year, for the twelve-month period ending June 30 of the current year. Such filings shall contain all information required to be disclosed on Form N-PX.
B-8
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Effective Date: February 21, 2012
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EXHIBIT A
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
See Attached
B-9
APPENDIX
U.S. PROXY VOTING CONCISE GUIDELINES
Effective for Meetings on or after February 1, 2012
In order to provide
greater analysis on certain shareholder meetings, the Advisor has elected to receive research reports for certain meetings, as indicated below, from Glass Lewis in addition to Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (ISS).
Specifically, if available, the Advisor may obtain research from Glass Lewis in addition to ISS for shareholder meetings in the following
circumstances: (1) where the Advisors clients have a significant aggregate holding in the issuer and the meeting agenda contains proxies concerning: Anti-takeover Defenses or Voting Related Issues, Mergers and Acquisitions or
Reorganizations or Restructurings, Capital Structure Issues, Compensation Issues or a proxy contest; or (2) where the Advisor in its discretion, has deemed that additional research is warranted.
Where research is obtained from Glass Lewis in accordance with these Guidelines, the Advisor will first review the research reports obtained from
ISS and Glass Lewis. If the recommendations contained in the research reports from ISS and Glass Lewis are the same, the Advisor will vote accordingly. If the recommendations contained in the research reports from ISS and Glass Lewis are
inconsistent, the Advisor will vote in accordance with the ISS recommendation unless the Corporate Governance Committee determines that voting in accordance with the Glass Lewis recommendation is more consistent with the principle of preserving
shareholder value.
Routine/Miscellaneous
Auditor Ratification
Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following
apply:
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An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent;
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There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial
position;
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Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a serious level of concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in
Section 404 disclosures; or
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Fees for non-audit services (Other fees) are excessive.
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Non-audit fees are excessive if:
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Non-audit (other) fees >audit fees + audit-related fees + tax compliance/preparation fees
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Board of Directors
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
Votes on director nominees should be determined CASE-BY-CASE.
Four fundamental principles apply when determining
votes on director nominees:
B-10
Vote AGAINST
1
or WITHHOLD from the entire
board of directors (except new nominees
2
, who should be considered
CASEBY-CASE) for the following:
Problematic Takeover Defenses:
Classified Board Structure:
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1.1.
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The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote
recommendation is not up for election any or all appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable;
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Director Performance Evaluation:
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1.2.
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The board lacks accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one-and three-year total
shareholder returns in the bottom half of a companys four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the companys five-year total shareholder return and five-year operational metrics. Problematic
provisions include but are not limited to:
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A classified board structure;
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A supermajority vote requirement;
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Either a plurality vote standard in uncontested director elections or a majority vote standard with no plurality carve-out for contested elections;
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The inability of shareholders to call special meetings;
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The inability of shareholders to act by written consent;
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A dual-class capital structure; and/or
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A nonshareholder-approved poison pill.
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Poison Pills:
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1.3.
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The companys poison pill has a dead-hand or modified dead-hand feature. Vote WITHOLD or AGAINST every year until this feature is removed;
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1.4.
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The board adopts a poison pill with a term of more than 12 months (long-term pill), or renews any existing pill, including any short-term pill (12 months
or less), without shareholder approval. A commitment or policy that puts a newly adopted pill to a binding shareholder vote may potentially offset an adverse vote recommendation. Review such companies with classified boards every year, and such
companies with annually elected boards at least once every three years, and vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD votes from all nominees if the company still maintains a non-shareholder-approved poison pill. This policy applies to all companies adopting or
renewing pills after the announcement of this policy (Nov. 19, 2009); or
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1.5.
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The board makes a material adverse change to an existing poison pill without shareholder approval.
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1
In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use Withhold as the contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use Against. However, it will
vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company.
2
A new nominee is any current
nominee who has not already been elected by shareholders and who joined the board after the problematic action in question transpired. If ISS cannot determine whether the nominee joined the board before or after the problematic action transpired,
the nominee will be considered a new nominee if he or she joined the board within 12 months prior to the upcoming shareholder meeting.
B-11
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all nominees if:
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1.6.
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The board adopts a poison pill with a term of 12 months or less (short-term pill) without shareholder approval, taking into account the following factors:
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The date of the pills adoption relative to the date of the next meeting of shareholders
i.e.
whether the company had time to put the pill on
ballot for shareholder ratification given the circumstances;
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The issuers rationale;
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The issuers governance structure and practices; and
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The issuers track record of accountability to shareholders.
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Problematic Audit-Related Practices
Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the
members of the Audit Committee if:
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1.7.
|
The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive (see discussion under
Auditor Ratification
);
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1.8.
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The company receives an adverse opinion on the companys financial statements from its auditor; or
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1.9.
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There is persuasive evidence that the Audit Committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its
shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on members of the Audit Committee and
potentially the full board if:
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1.10.
|
Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404
disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence and duration, as well as the companys efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether WITHHOLD/AGAINST votes are warranted.
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Problematic Compensation Practices/Pay for Performance Misalignment
In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation ballot item, or, in egregious situations, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
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1.11.
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There is a significant misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (
pay for performance
);
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1.12.
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The company maintains significant
problematic pay practices
;
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1.13.
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The board exhibits a significant level of
poor communication and responsiveness
to shareholders;
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1.14.
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The company fails to submit one-time
transfers of stock options
to a shareholder vote; or
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1.15.
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The company fails to fulfill the terms of a
burn rate commitment
made to shareholders.
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional
cases, the full board) and the Management Say-on-Pay proposal if:
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1.16.
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The companys previous say-on-pay proposal received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account:
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The companys response, including:
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¡
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Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors regarding the issues that contributed to the low level of support;
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¡
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Specific actions taken to address the issues that contributed to the low level of support;
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¡
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Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;
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Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;
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B-12
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The companys ownership structure; and
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Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.
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Governance Failures
Under
extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:
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1.17.
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Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;
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1.18.
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Failure to replace management as appropriate; or
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1.19.
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Egregious actions related to a directors service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management
and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.
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2. Board Responsiveness
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the entire board of directors (except new nominees, who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE) if:
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2.1.
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The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares outstanding the previous year;
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2.2.
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The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of shares cast in the last year and one of the two previous years;
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2.3.
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The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered;
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2.4.
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At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that
caused the high withhold/against vote; or
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2.5.
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The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the majority of votes cast at the most recent
shareholder meeting at which shareholders voted on the say-on-pay frequency.
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Vote CASE-BY-CASE on the entire board if:
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2.6.
|
The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received a plurality, but not a majority, of the votes cast at
the most recent shareholder meeting at which shareholders voted on the say-on-pay frequency, taking into account:
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The boards rationale for selecting a frequency that is different from the frequency that received a plurality;
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The companys ownership structure and vote results;
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ISS analysis of whether there are compensation concerns or a history of problematic compensation practices; and
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The previous years support level on the companys say-on-pay proposal.
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3. Director Independence
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from Inside Directors and Affiliated
Outside Directors (per the Categorization of Directors) when:
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3.1.
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The inside or affiliated outside director serves on any of the three key committees: audit, compensation, or nominating;
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3.2.
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The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee;
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B-13
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3.3.
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The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee; or
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3.4.
|
The full board Independent directors make up less than a majority of the directors.
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Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings:
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the entire board of
directors (except new nominees, who should be considered CASE-BY-CASE) if:
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4.1.
|
The companys proxy indicates that not all directors attended 75 percent of the aggregate board and committee meetings, but fails to provide the required
disclosure of the names of the director(s) involved.
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Generally vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors
who:
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4.2.
|
Attend less than 75 percent of the board and committee meetings (with the exception of new nominees).
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Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:
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Medical issues/illness;
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Family emergencies; and
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Missing only one meeting.
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These reasons for directors absences will only be considered by ISS if disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing. If the disclosure is insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75
percent of board and committee meetings in aggregate, vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the director.
Overboarded Directors:
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from individual directors who:
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4.3.
|
Sit on more than six public company
boards
3
; or
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4.4.
|
Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own withhold only at their outside boards.
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Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
*
Vote
CASE-BY-CASE on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors:
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Long-term financial performance of the target company relative to its industry;
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Managements track record;
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Background to the proxy contest;
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Qualifications of director nominees (both slates);
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Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of critique against management;
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Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates);
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|
Stock ownership positions.
|
3
Dimensional may screen votes otherwise subject to this policy based on the qualifications
and circumstances of the directors involved.
*
See introductory information concerning proxies involving this issue and the supplementary actions the Advisor may take.
B-14
Proxy Access
4
ISS supports proxy access as an important shareholder right, one that is complementary to other best-practice corporate governance features. However, in the absence of a uniform standard, proposals to enact proxy
access may vary widely; as such, ISS is not setting forth specific parameters at this time and will take a case-by-case approach in evaluating these proposals.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to enact proxy access, taking into account, among other factors:
Company-specific factors; and
Proposal-specific factors, including:
|
¡
|
|
The ownership thresholds proposed in the resolution (
i.e.
, percentage and duration);
|
|
¡
|
|
The maximum proportion of directors that shareholders may nominate each year; and
|
|
¡
|
|
The method of determining which nominations should appear on the ballot if multiple shareholders submit nominations.
|
Shareholder Rights &
Defenses
*
Exclusive Venue
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on exclusive venue proposals, taking into account:
|
|
|
Whether the company has been materially harmed by shareholder litigation outside its jurisdiction of incorporation, based on disclosure in the companys
proxy statement; and
|
|
|
|
Whether the company has the following good governance features:
|
|
¡
|
|
An annually elected board;
|
|
¡
|
|
A majority vote standard in uncontested director elections; and
|
|
¡
|
|
The absence of a poison pill, unless the pill was approved by shareholders.
|
Poison Pills- Management Proposals to Ratify Poison Pill
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on
management proposals on poison pill ratification, focusing on the features of the shareholder rights plan. Rights plans should contain the following attributes:
|
|
|
No lower than a 20% trigger, flip-in or flip-over;
|
|
|
|
A term of no more than three years;
|
|
|
|
No dead-hand, slow-hand, no-hand or similar feature that limits the ability of a future board to redeem the pill;
|
|
|
|
Shareholder redemption feature (qualifying offer clause); if the board refuses to redeem the pill 90 days after a qualifying offer is announced, 10 percent of
the shares may call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the pill.
|
In addition, the
rationale for adopting the pill should be thoroughly explained by the company. In examining the request for the pill, take into consideration the companys existing governance structure, including: board independence, existing takeover
defenses, and any problematic governance concerns.
4
Dimensional will vote against binding proposals where the shareholder proponent(s) hold less than a 5% ownership interest in the company for companies included in the S&P 500 Index, or less than a 7.5%
ownership interest in the company for all other companies. Where these ownership thresholds have been met by the shareholder proponent(s), Dimensional will vote in accordance with the recommendation of ISS.
*
See introductory information concerning proxies involving this issue and the supplementary actions the Advisor may take.
B-15
Poison Pills- Management Proposals to Ratify a Pill to Preserve Net Operating Losses (NOLs)
Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt a poison pill for the stated purpose of protecting a companys net operating losses
(NOLs) if the term of the pill would exceed the shorter of three years and the exhaustion of the NOL.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on
management proposals for poison pill ratification, considering the following factors, if the term of the pill would be the shorter of three years (or less) and the exhaustion of the NOL:
|
|
|
The ownership threshold to transfer (NOL pills generally have a trigger slightly below 5 percent);
|
|
|
|
Shareholder protection mechanisms (sunset provision, or commitment to cause expiration of the pill upon exhaustion or expiration of NOLs);
|
|
|
|
The companys existing governance structure including: board independence, existing takeover defenses, track record of responsiveness to shareholders,
and any other problematic governance concerns; and
|
|
|
|
Any other factors that may be applicable.
|
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
Generally vote AGAINST
management and shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders ability to act by written consent.
Generally vote FOR
management and shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to act by written consent, taking into account the following factors:
|
|
|
Shareholders current right to act by written consent;
|
|
|
|
The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;
|
|
|
|
Investor ownership structure; and
|
|
|
|
Shareholder support of, and managements response to, previous shareholder proposals.
|
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on shareholder proposals if, in addition to the considerations above, the company has the following governance and antitakeover
provisions:
|
|
|
An unfettered
5
right for shareholders to call special meetings at a 10 percent threshold;
|
|
|
|
A majority vote standard in uncontested director elections;
|
|
|
|
No non-shareholder-approved pill; and
|
|
|
|
An annually elected board.
|
CAPITAL/RESTRUCTURING
*
Common Stock Authorization
Vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection
with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class of common
stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.
5
Unfettered means no restrictions on agenda items, no restrictions on the
number of shareholders who can group together to reach the 10 percent threshold, and only reasonable limits on when a meeting can be called: no greater than 30 days after the last annual meeting and no greater than 90 prior to the next annual
meeting.
*
See introductory information concerning
proxies involving this issue and the supplementary actions the Advisor may take.
B-16
Vote AGAINST proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse stock split on the
same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not be reduced proportionally.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other proposals to
increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:
|
|
|
Past Board Performance:
|
|
¡
|
|
The companys use of authorized shares during the last three years
|
|
¡
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes of the proposed increase;
|
|
¡
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request; and
|
|
¡
|
|
The dilutive impact of the request as determined by an allowable increase calculated by ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects
the companys need for shares and total shareholder returns.
|
Preferred Stock Authorization
Vote FOR proposals to increase the number of authorized preferred shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a
transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.
Vote AGAINST proposals at companies with more than one class or series of preferred stock to
increase the number of authorized shares of the class or series of preferred stock that has superior voting rights.
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on all other
proposals to increase the number of shares of preferred stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:
|
|
|
Past Board Performance:
|
|
¡
|
|
The companys use of authorized preferred shares during the last three years;
|
|
¡
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes for the proposed increase;
|
|
¡
|
|
Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request;
|
|
¡
|
|
In cases where the company has existing authorized preferred stock, the dilutive impact of the request as determined by an allowable increase calculated by ISS
(typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the companys need for shares and total shareholder returns; and
|
|
¡
|
|
Whether the shares requested are blank check preferred shares that can be used for antitakeover purposes.
|
Dual Class Structure
Generally vote AGAINST
proposals to create a new class of common stock unless:
The company discloses a compelling rationale for the dual-class capital
structure, such as:
|
¡
|
|
The companys auditor has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the companys ability to continue as a going concern; or
|
|
¡
|
|
The new class of shares will be transitory;
|
The new class is intended for financing purposes with minimal or no dilution to current shareholders in both the short term and long term; and
The new class is not designed to preserve or increase the voting power of an insider or significant shareholder.
B-17
Mergers and Acquisitions
Vote CASE BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:
|
|
|
Valuation
- Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial
starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction and strategic rationale.
|
|
|
|
Market reaction
- How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.
|
|
|
|
Strategic rationale
- Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive
or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.
|
|
|
|
Negotiations and process
- Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arms-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to
ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation wins can also signify the deal makers competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect
shareholder value.
|
|
|
|
Conflicts of interest
- Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As
the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers
to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure presented in the ISS Transaction Summary section of this report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to
insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists.
|
|
|
|
Governance
- Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the
transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
|
COMPENSATION
*
Executive Pay Evaluation
Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:
|
1.
|
Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be
designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and
variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs;
|
|
2.
|
Avoid arrangements that risk pay for failure: This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and
guaranteed compensation;
|
|
3.
|
Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge,
experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g., including access to independent expertise and advice when needed);
|
*See introductory
information concerning proxies involving this issue and the supplementary actions the Advisor may take.
B-18
|
4.
|
Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that
enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly;
|
|
5.
|
Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors
does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices.
|
Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation-Management Proposals (Management
Say-on-Pay)
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on ballot items related to executive pay and
practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation.
Vote AGAINST Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Management Say-on-Pay
MSOP) if:
There is a significant misalignment between CEO pay and company performance
(
pay for performance
)
;
The company maintains significant
problematic pay practices
;
The board exhibits a significant level of
poor communication and responsiveness
to shareholders.
Vote AGAINST or WITHHOLD from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
|
|
|
There is no MSOP on the ballot, and an AGAINST vote on an MSOP is warranted due to pay for performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of
adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof;
|
|
|
|
The board fails to respond adequately to a previous MSOP proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast;
|
|
|
|
The company has recently practiced or approved problematic pay practices, including option repricing or option backdating; or
|
|
|
|
The situation is egregious.
|
Vote AGAINST
an equity plan on the ballot if:
A pay for performance misalignment is found, and a significant portion of the
CEOs misaligned pay is attributed to non-performance-based equity awards, taking into consideration:
|
¡
|
|
Magnitude of pay misalignment;
|
|
¡
|
|
Contribution of non-performance-based equity grants to overall pay; and
|
|
¡
|
|
The proportion of equity awards granted in the last three fiscal years concentrated at the named executive officer (NEO) level.
|
Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay
Pay-for-Performance Evaluation
ISS
annually conducts a pay-for-performance analysis to identify strong or satisfactory alignment between pay and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the Russell 3000 index, this analysis considers the following:
B-19
|
1.
|
Peer Group
6
Alignment:
|
|
|
|
The degree of alignment between the companys TSR rank and the CEOs total pay rank within a peer group, as measured over one-year and three-year
periods (weighted 40/60);
|
|
|
|
The multiple of the CEOs total pay relative to the peer group median.
|
|
2.
|
Absolute Alignment: The absolute alignment between the trend in CEO pay and company TSR over the prior five fiscal years
i.e.
, the difference
between the trend in annual pay changes and the trend in annualized TSR during the period.
|
If the above analysis
demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the case of non-Russell 3000 index companies, misaligned pay and performance are otherwise suggested, analyze the following qualitative factors to determine how
various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:
The ratio of performance-to time-based equity awards;
The ratio of performance-based
compensation to overall compensation;
The completeness of disclosure and rigor of performance goals;
The companys peer group benchmarking practices;
Actual results of financial/operational metrics, such as growth in revenue, profit, cash flow, etc., both absolute
and relative to peers;
Special circumstances related to, for example, a new CEO in the prior fiscal
year or anomalous equity grant practices (
e.g.
, biennial awards); and
Any other factors deemed relevant.
Problematic Pay Practices
The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:
Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements;
Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking; and
Options Backdating.
Problematic
Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements
Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are
generally evaluated CASE-BY-CASE considering the context of a companys overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. Please refer to ISS Compensation FAQ document for detail on specific pay practices that have been
identified as potentially problematic and may lead to negative recommendations if they are deemed to be inappropriate or unjustified relative to executive pay best practices. The list below highlights the problematic practices that carry significant
weight in this overall consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:
|
|
|
Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARS without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater
options);
|
|
|
|
Excessive perquisites or tax gross-ups, including any gross-up related to a secular trust or restricted stock vesting;
|
|
|
|
New or extended agreements that provide for:
|
|
¡
|
|
CIC payments exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most recent bonus;
|
|
¡
|
|
CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or substantial diminution of duties (single or modified single triggers);
|
6
The peer group is generally comprised of 14-24 companies that are selected using market cap, revenue (or assets for financial firms), and GICS industry group, via a process designed to select peers that are
closest to the subject company, and where the subject company is close to median in revenue/asset size. The relative alignment evaluation will consider the companys rank for both pay and TSR within the peer group (for one-and three-year
periods) and the CEOs pay relative to the median pay level in the peer group.
B-20
|
¡
|
|
CIC payments with excise tax gross-ups (including modified gross-ups).
|
Incentives that may Motivate Excessive Risk-Taking
|
|
|
Multi-year guaranteed bonuses;
|
|
|
|
A single or common performance metric used for short-and long-term plans;
|
|
|
|
Lucrative severance packages;
|
|
|
|
High pay opportunities relative to industry peers;
|
|
|
|
Disproportionate supplemental pensions; or
|
|
|
|
Mega annual equity grants that provide unlimited upside with no downside risk.
|
Factors that potentially mitigate the impact of risky incentives include rigorous claw-back provisions and robust stock ownership/holding
guidelines.
Options Backdating
The following factors should be examined CASE-BY-CASE to allow for distinctions to be made between sloppy plan administration versus
deliberate action or fraud:
|
|
|
Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs. deliberate grant date changes;
|
|
|
|
Duration of options backdating;
|
|
|
|
Size of restatement due to options backdating;
|
|
|
|
Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling or re-pricing backdated options, the recouping of option gains on backdated
grants; and
|
|
|
|
Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating, and creates a fixed grant schedule or window period for equity grants in the future.
|
Board Communications and Responsiveness
on the Boards responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:
|
|
|
Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; or
|
|
|
|
Failure to adequately respond to the companys previous say-on-pay proposal that received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into
account:
|
|
¡
|
|
The companys response, including:
|
|
|
|
Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors regarding the issues that contributed to the low level of support;
|
|
|
|
Specific actions taken to address the issues that contributed to the low level of support;
|
|
|
|
Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;
|
|
¡
|
|
Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;
|
|
¡
|
|
The companys ownership structure; and
|
|
¡
|
|
Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.
|
Frequency of Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Management Say on Pay)
Vote FOR annual advisory votes on compensation, which provide the most consistent and clear communication channel for shareholder concerns about
companies executive pay programs.
B-21
Voting on Golden Parachutes in an Acquisition, Merger, Consolidation, or Proposed Sale
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on proposals to approve the companys golden parachute compensation, consistent with ISS policies on
problematic pay practices related to severance packages. Features that may lead to a vote AGAINST include:
|
|
|
Recently adopted or materially amended agreements that include excise tax gross-up provisions (since prior annual meeting);
|
|
|
|
Recently adopted or materially amended agreements that include modified single triggers (since prior annual meeting);
|
|
|
|
Single trigger payments that will happen immediately upon a change in control, including cash payment and such items as the acceleration of performance-based
equity despite the failure to achieve performance measures;
|
|
|
|
Single-trigger vesting of equity based on a definition of change in control that requires only shareholder approval of the transaction (rather than
consummation);
|
|
|
|
Potentially excessive severance payments;
|
|
|
|
Recent amendments or other changes that may make packages so attractive as to influence merger agreements that may not be in the best interests of
shareholders;
|
|
|
|
In the case of a substantial gross-up from pre-existing/grandfathered contract: the element that triggered the gross-up (i.e., option mega-grants at low point
in stock price, unusual or outsized payments in cash or equity made or negotiated prior to the merger); or
|
|
|
|
The companys assertion that a proposed transaction is conditioned on shareholder approval of the golden parachute advisory vote. ISS would view this as
problematic from a corporate governance perspective.
|
In cases where the golden parachute vote is incorporated into a
companys separate advisory vote on compensation (management say on pay), ISS will evaluate the say on pay proposal in accordance with these guidelines, which may give higher weight to that component of the overall
evaluation.
Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans*
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on equity-based compensation plans. Vote AGAINST the equity plan if any of the following factors apply:
The total cost of the companys equity plans is unreasonable;
The plan expressly
permits repricing;
A pay-for-performance misalignment is found;
The companys three year burn rate exceeds the burn rate cap of its industry group;
The plan has a liberal change-of-control definition; or
The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices.
Social/Environmental Issues
Overall Approach
Generally vote FOR the managements recommendation on shareholder proposals involving social/ environmental issues. When evaluating social and
environmental shareholder proposals, Dimensional considers the most important factor to be whether adoption of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value.
*
See introductory information concerning proxies involving this issue and the supplementary actions the Advisor may take.
B-22
APPENDIX
2012 INTERNATIONAL PROXY VOTING SUMMARY GUIDELINES
?
Effective for Meetings on or after February 1, 2012
In order to provide greater analysis
on certain shareholder meetings, the Advisor has elected to receive research reports for certain meetings, as indicated below, from Glass Lewis in addition to Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (ISS).
Specifically, if available, the Advisor may obtain research from Glass Lewis in addition to ISS for shareholder meetings in the following
circumstances: (1) where the Advisors clients have a significant aggregate holding in the issuer and the meeting agenda contains proxies concerning: Anti-takeover Defenses or Voting Related Issues, Mergers and Acquisitions or
Reorganizations or Restructurings, Capital Structure Issues, Compensation Issues or a proxy contest; or (2) where the Advisor in its discretion, has deemed that additional research is warranted.
Where research is obtained from Glass Lewis in accordance with these Guidelines, the Advisor will first review the research reports obtained from
ISS and Glass Lewis. If the recommendations contained in the research reports from ISS and Glass Lewis are the same, the Advisor will vote accordingly. If the recommendations contained in the research reports from ISS and Glass Lewis are
inconsistent, the Advisor will vote in accordance with the ISS recommendation unless the Corporate Governance Committee determines that voting in accordance with the Glass Lewis recommendation is more consistent with the principle of preserving
shareholder value.
1. OPERATIONAL ITEMS
Financial Results/Director and Auditor Reports
Vote FOR approval of financial statements and
director and auditor reports, unless:
|
|
|
There are concerns about the accounts presented or audit procedures used; or
|
|
|
|
The company is not responsive to shareholder questions about specific items that should be publicly disclosed.
|
Appointment of Auditors and Auditor Fees
Vote FOR the (re)election of auditors and/or proposals authorizing the board to fix auditor fees, unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the procedures used by the auditor;
|
|
|
|
There is reason to believe that the auditor has rendered an opinion, which is neither accurate nor indicative of the companys financial position;
|
|
|
|
External auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company;
|
|
|
|
Name of the proposed auditors has not been published;
|
|
|
|
The auditors are being changed without explanation; or
|
|
|
|
Fees for non-audit services exceed standard annual audit-related fees (only applies to companies on the MSCI EAFE index and/or listed on any country main index).
|
+
This is a summary of the majority of International
Markets, however, certain countries and/or markets, including Canada, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand and China have separate policies which are generally consistent with the principles reflected in this summary but are modified to reflect
issues such as those related to customs, disclosure obligations and legal structures of the relevant jurisdiction.
B-23
In circumstances where fees for non-audit services include fees related to significant one-time
capital structure events (initial public offerings, bankruptcy emergencies, and spinoffs) and the company makes public disclosure of the amount and nature of those fees, which are an exception to the standard non-audit fee category, then
such fees may be excluded from the non-audit fees considered in determining the ratio of non-audit to audit fees.
For concerns related
to the audit procedures, independence of auditors, and/or name of auditors, ISS may recommend AGAINST the auditor (re)election. For concerns related to fees paid to the auditors, ISS may recommend AGAINST remuneration of auditors if this is a
separate voting item; otherwise ISS may recommend AGAINST the auditor election.
Appointment of Internal Statutory Auditors
Vote FOR the appointment or (re)election of statutory auditors, unless:
|
|
|
There are serious concerns about the statutory reports presented or the audit procedures used;
|
|
|
|
Questions exist concerning any of the statutory auditors being appointed; or
|
|
|
|
The auditors have previously served the company in an executive capacity or can otherwise be considered affiliated with the company.
|
Allocation of Income
Vote FOR approval of the allocation of income, unless:
|
|
|
The dividend payout ratio has been consistently below 30 percent without adequate explanation; or
|
|
|
|
The payout is excessive given the companys financial position.
|
Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternative
Vote FOR most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.
Vote AGAINST proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.
Amendments to Articles of Association
Vote amendments to the articles of association on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Change in Company Fiscal
Term
Vote FOR resolutions to change a companys fiscal term unless a companys motivation for the change is to postpone
its AGM.
Lower Disclosure Threshold for Stock Ownership
Vote AGAINST resolutions to lower the stock ownership disclosure threshold below 5 percent unless specific reasons exist to implement a lower threshold.
Amend Quorum Requirements
Vote proposals to amend quorum requirements for shareholder meetings
on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Transact Other Business
Vote AGAINST other business when it appears as a voting item.
B-24
2. BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Director Elections
Vote FOR management nominees in the election of directors, unless:
|
|
|
Adequate disclosure has not been provided in a timely manner;
|
|
|
|
There are clear concerns over questionable finances or restatements;
|
|
|
|
There have been questionable transactions with conflicts of interest;
|
|
|
|
There are any records of abuses against minority shareholder interests; or
|
|
|
|
The board fails to meet minimum corporate governance standards.
|
Vote FOR individual nominees unless there are specific concerns about the individual, such as criminal wrongdoing or breach of fiduciary responsibilities.
Vote AGAINST individual directors if repeated absences at board meetings have not been explained (in countries where this information is
disclosed).
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder
nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, determining which directors are best suited to add value for
shareholders.
?
Vote FOR employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee
and
are required by law to be on
those committees. Vote AGAINST employee and/or labor representatives if they sit on either the audit or compensation committee, if they are not required to be on those committees.
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote AGAINST individual directors, members of a committee, or the entire board, due to:
|
|
|
Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;
|
|
|
|
Failure to replace management as appropriate; or
|
|
|
|
Egregious actions related to a directors service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management
and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.
|
ISS Classification of Directors - International
Policy 2011
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Executive Director
Employee or executive of the company;
Any director who is classified as a non-executive, but receives salary, fees, bonus,
and/or other benefits that are in line with the highest-paid executives of the company.
Non-Independent Non-Executive Director
(NED)
Any director who is attested by the board to be a non-independent
NED;
Any director specifically designated as a representative of a significant
shareholder of the company;
Any director who is also an employee or executive
of a significant shareholder of the company;
Any director who is nominated by
a dissenting significant shareholder, unless there is a clear lack of material[5] connection with the dissident, either currently or historically;
Beneficial owner (direct or indirect) of at least 10% of the companys stock, either in economic terms or in voting rights (this may be aggregated if voting power is
distributed among more than one member of a defined group, e.g., family members who beneficially own less than 10% individually, but collectively own more than 10%), unless market best practice dictates a lower ownership and/or disclosure threshold
(and in other special market-specific circumstances);
Government
representative;
Currently provides (or a relative[1] provides) professional
services[2] to the company, to an affiliate of the company, or to an individual officer of the company or of one of its affiliates in excess of $10,000 per year;
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*
See introductory information concerning proxies involving this issue and the supplementary actions the Advisor may take.
B-25
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Represents customer, supplier, creditor, banker, or other entity with which company maintains transactional/commercial relationship (unless company discloses information to apply a
materiality test[3]);
Any director who has conflicting or cross-directorships with
executive directors or the chairman of the company;
Relative[1] of a current employee of
the company or its affiliates;
Relative[1] of a former executive of the company or its
affiliates;
A new appointee elected other than by a formal process through the General
Meeting (such as a contractual appointment by a substantial shareholder);
Founder/co-founder/member of founding family but not currently an employee;
Former executive (5 year cooling off period);
Years of service is generally not a determining factor unless it is recommended best practice in a
market and/or in extreme circumstances, in which case it may be considered.[4]
Any
additional relationship or principle considered to compromise independence under local corporate governance best practice guidance.
Independent
NED
No material[5] connection, either directly or indirectly, to the company (other
than a board seat) or the dissenting significant shareholder.
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Employee Representative
Represents employees or employee shareholders of the company (classified as employee representative but considered a non-independent NED).
Footnotes:
[1] Relative follows
the definition of immediate family members which covers spouses, parents, children, stepparents, step-children, siblings, in-laws, and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of any director, nominee for
director, executive officer, or significant shareholder of the company.
[2] Professional services can be characterized as advisory in
nature and generally include the following: investment banking/financial advisory services; commercial banking (beyond deposit services); investment services; insurance services; accounting/audit services; consulting services; marketing services;
and legal services. The case of participation in a banking syndicate by a non-lead bank should be considered a transaction (and hence subject to the associated materiality test) rather than a professional relationship.
[3] A business relationship may be material if the transaction value (of all outstanding transactions) entered into between the company and the
company or organization with which the director is associated is equivalent to either 1 percent of the companys turnover or 1 percent of the turnover of the company or organization with which the director is associated. OR, A business
relationship may be material if the transaction value (of all outstanding financing operations) entered into between the company and the company or organization with which the director is associated is more than 10 percent of the companys
shareholder equity or the transaction value, (of all outstanding financing operations), compared to the companys total assets, is more than 5 percent.
[4] For example, in continental Europe, directors with a tenure exceeding 12 years will be considered non-independent. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, directors with a tenure exceeding nine years will be
considered non-independent, unless the company provides sufficient and clear justification that the director is independent despite his long tenure.
[5] For purposes of ISS director independence classification, material will be defined as a standard of relationship financial, personal or otherwise that a reasonable person might conclude could
potentially influence ones objectivity in the boardroom in a manner that would have a meaningful impact on an individuals ability to satisfy requisite fiduciary standards on behalf of shareholders.
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Contested Director Elections
*
For contested elections of directors, e.g. the election of shareholder nominees or the dismissal of incumbent directors, ISS will make its recommendation on a case-by-case basis, determining which directors are
best suited to add value for shareholders.
The analysis will generally be based on, but not limited to, the following major decision
factors:
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Company performance relative to its peers;
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Strategy of the incumbents versus the dissidents;
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Independence of directors/nominees;
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Experience and skills of board candidates;
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Governance profile of the company;
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Evidence of management entrenchment;
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Responsiveness to shareholders;
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B-26
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Whether a takeover offer has been rebuffed;
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Whether minority or majority representation is being sought.
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When analyzing a contested election of directors, ISS will generally focus on two central questions: (1) Have the dissidents proved that board change is warranted? And (2) if so, are the dissident board
nominees likely to effect positive change (i.e., maximize long-term shareholder value).
Discharge of Directors
Generally vote FOR the discharge of directors, including members of the management board and/or supervisory board,
unless
there is reliable
information about significant and compelling controversies that the board is not fulfilling its fiduciary duties warranted by:
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A lack of oversight or actions by board members which invoke shareholder distrust related to malfeasance or poor supervision, such as operating in private or
company interest rather than in shareholder interest; or
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Any legal issues (e.g. civil/criminal) aiming to hold the board responsible for breach of trust in the past or related to currently alleged actions yet to be
confirmed (and not only the fiscal year in question), such as price fixing, insider trading, bribery, fraud, and other illegal actions; or
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Other egregious governance issues where shareholders will bring legal action against the company or its directors.
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For markets which do not routinely request discharge resolutions (e.g. common law countries or markets where discharge is not mandatory), analysts
may voice concern in other appropriate agenda items, such as approval of the annual accounts or other relevant resolutions, to enable shareholders to express discontent with the board.
Director, Officer, and Auditor Indemnification and Liability Provisions
Vote
proposals seeking indemnification and liability protection for directors and officers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals
to indemnify external auditors.
Board Structure
Vote FOR proposals to fix board size.
Vote AGAINST the introduction of classified boards and mandatory retirement
ages for directors.
Vote AGAINST proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the company or the
board.
3. CAPITAL STRUCTURE
*
Share Issuance Requests
General Issuances
Vote FOR issuance requests with preemptive rights to a maximum of 100 percent over currently issued capital.
Vote FOR issuance requests without preemptive rights to a maximum of 20 percent of currently issued capital.
Specific Issuances
Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis on
all requests, with or without preemptive rights.
*
See introductory information concerning proxies involving this issue and the supplementary actions the Advisor may take.
B-27
Increases in Authorized Capital
Vote FOR non-specific proposals to increase authorized capital up to 100 percent over the current authorization unless the increase would leave the
company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding.
Vote FOR specific proposals to increase authorized capital to
any amount, unless:
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The specific purpose of the increase (such as a share-based acquisition or merger) does not meet ISS guidelines for the purpose being proposed; or
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The increase would leave the company with less than 30 percent of its new authorization outstanding after adjusting for all proposed issuances.
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Vote AGAINST proposals to adopt unlimited capital authorizations.
Reduction of Capital
Vote FOR proposals to reduce capital for routine accounting purposes
unless the terms are unfavorable to shareholders.
Vote proposals to reduce capital in connection with corporate restructuring on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Capital Structures
Vote FOR
resolutions that seek to maintain or convert to a one-share, one-vote capital structure.
Vote AGAINST requests for the creation or
continuation of dual-class capital structures or the creation of new or additional super voting shares.
Preferred Stock
Vote FOR the creation of a new class of preferred stock or for issuances of preferred stock up to 50 percent of issued capital
unless the terms of the preferred stock would adversely affect the rights of existing shareholders.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of
convertible preferred stock as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion meets ISS guidelines on equity issuance requests.
Vote AGAINST the creation of a new class of preference shares that would carry superior voting rights to the common shares.
Vote AGAINST the creation of blank check preferred stock unless the board clearly states that the authorization will not be used to thwart a takeover bid.
Vote proposals to increase blank check preferred authorizations on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Debt
Issuance Requests
Vote non-convertible debt issuance requests on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, with or without preemptive rights.
Vote FOR the creation/issuance of convertible debt instruments as long as the maximum number of common shares that could be issued upon conversion
meets ISS guidelines on equity issuance requests.
Vote FOR proposals to restructure existing debt arrangements unless the terms of the
restructuring would adversely affect the rights of shareholders.
Pledging of Assets for Debt
Vote proposals to approve the pledging of assets for debt on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
B-28
Increase in Borrowing Powers
Vote proposals to approve increases in a companys borrowing powers on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Share Repurchase Plans
Generally vote FOR
market repurchase authorities (share repurchase programs) if the terms comply with the following criteria:
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A repurchase limit of up to 10 percent of outstanding issued share capital (15 percent in U.K./Ireland);
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A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a companys issued share capital in treasury (on the shelf); and
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A duration of no more than five years, or such lower threshold as may be set by applicable law, regulation or code of governance best practice.
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Authorities to repurchase shares in excess of the 10 percent repurchase limit will be assessed on a case-by-case basis. ISS may
support such share repurchase authorities under special circumstances, which are required to be publicly disclosed by the company, provided that, on balance, the proposal is in shareholders interests. In such cases, the authority must comply
with the following criteria:
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A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a companys issued share capital in treasury (on the shelf); and
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A duration of no more than 18 months.
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In
markets where it is normal practice not to provide a repurchase limit, ISS will evaluate the proposal based on the companys historical practice. However, ISS expects companies to disclose such limits and, in the future, may recommend a vote
against companies that fail to do so. In such cases, the authority must comply with the following criteria:
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A holding limit of up to 10 percent of a companys issued share capital in treasury (on the shelf); and
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A duration of no more than 18 months.
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In
addition, ISS will recommend AGAINST any proposal where:
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The repurchase can be used for takeover defenses;
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There is clear evidence of abuse;
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There is no safeguard against selective buybacks; and/or
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Pricing provisions and safeguards are deemed to be unreasonable in light of market practice.
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Reissuance of Repurchased Shares
Vote FOR
requests to reissue any repurchased shares unless there is clear evidence of abuse of this authority in the past.
Capitalization of
Reserves for Bonus Issues/Increase in Par Value
Vote FOR requests to capitalize reserves for bonus issues of shares or to increase par value.
4. COMPENSATION
*
Compensation Plans
Vote compensation plans on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Director Compensation
*
See introductory information concerning proxies involving this issue and the
supplementary actions the Advisor may take.
B-29
Vote FOR proposals to award cash fees to non-executive directors unless the amounts are excessive
relative to other companies in the country or industry.
Vote non-executive director compensation proposals that include both cash and
share-based components on a CASE-BYCASE basis.
Vote proposals that bundle compensation for both non-executive and executive directors
into a single resolution on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote AGAINST proposals to introduce retirement benefits for non-executive directors.
5. OTHER ITEMS
Reorganizations/Restructurings*
Vote
reorganizations and restructurings on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Mergers and Acquisitions*
Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and acquisitions taking into account the following:
For every M&A analysis, ISS reviews publicly available information as of the date of the report and evaluates the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing
factors including:
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Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial
starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, ISS places emphasis on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale.
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Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction will cause ISS to scrutinize a deal more closely.
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Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or
optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.
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Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? ISS will
consider whether any special interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger.
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Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the
transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
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Vote AGAINST if the companies do not provide sufficient information upon request to make an informed voting decision.
Mandatory Takeover Bid Waivers
Vote
proposals to waive mandatory takeover bid requirements on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Reincorporation Proposals
Vote reincorporation proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Expansion of Business Activities
Vote FOR resolutions to expand business activities unless the
new business takes the company into risky areas.
B-30
Related-Party Transactions
In evaluating resolutions that seek shareholder approval on related-party transactions (RPTs), vote on a case-by-case basis, considering factors
including, but not limited to, the following:
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The parties on either side of the transaction;
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The nature of the asset to be transferred/service to be provided;
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The pricing of the transaction (and any associated professional valuation);
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The views of independent directors (where provided);
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The views of an independent financial adviser (where appointed);
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Whether any entities party to the transaction (including advisers) is conflicted; and
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The stated rationale for the transaction, including discussions of timing.
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If there is a transaction that ISS deemed problematic and that was not put to a shareholder vote, ISS may recommend against the election of the
director involved in the related-party transaction or the full board.
Antitakeover Mechanisms
Generally vote AGAINST all antitakeover proposals, unless they are structured in such a way that they give shareholders the ultimate decision on any
proposal or offer.
Shareholder Proposals
Vote all shareholder proposals on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.
Vote FOR proposals that would improve the companys
corporate governance or business profile at a reasonable cost.
Vote AGAINST proposals that limit the companys business activities
or capabilities or result in significant costs being incurred with little or no benefit.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Issues
Generally vote FOR the managements recommendation on shareholder proposals involving CSR Issues. When evaluating social
and environmental shareholder proposals, Dimensional considers the most important factor to be whether adoption of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value.
B-31
APPENDIX C
ASPIRIANT RISK-MANAGED GLOBAL EQUITY FUND
Series of Aspiriant Global
Equity Trust
Financial Statements
For the Period from November 22, 2011 (Date of Organization) to October 10, 2012
ASPIRIANT RISK-MANAGED GLOBAL EQUITY FUND
Series of Aspiriant Global Equity Trust
For the Period from November 22, 2011 (Date of Organization) to October 10, 2012
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Trustees of
Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund:
We have audited the
accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund (the Fund) as of October 10, 2012 and the related statements of operations and changes in net assets for the period from November 22,
2011 (inception) to October 10, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Funds management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards
require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Fund is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of their internal control
over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Funds internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund
as of October 10, 2012, and the results of its operations and the changes in its net assets for the period November 22, 2011 (inception) to October 10, 2012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
November 2, 2012
1
ASPIRIANT RISK-MANAGED GLOBAL EQUITY FUND
Statement of Assets and Liabilities
As of October 10, 2012
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Assets
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Cash
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$
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100,000
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Deferred offering costs
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68,534
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Total Assets
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$
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168,534
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Liabilities
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Payable for offering expense (legal)
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27,508
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Payable for blue offering expense (blue sky)
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41,026
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Total Liabilities
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68,534
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Net Assets
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$
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100,000
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Net assets were comprised of:
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Paid-in Capital
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$
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100,000
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Accumulated net investment income
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-
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Net Assets, October 10, 2012
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$
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100,000
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Net assets attributable to:
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Advisor Shares (9,999 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, unlimited shares authorized)
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$
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99,990
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Institutional Shares (1 share of common stock issued and outstanding, unlimited shares authorized)
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$
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10
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Net asset value, offering and redemption price per share:
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Advisor Shares
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$
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10.00
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Institutional Shares
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$
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10.00
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See Notes to Financial Statements.
2
ASPIRIANT RISK-MANAGED GLOBAL EQUITY FUND
Statement of Operations
For the Period from November 22, 2011 (Date of Organization) to October 10, 2012
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Income
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Investment income
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$
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-
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Expenses
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Organizational expense (legal)
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80,009
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Organizational expense (miscellaneous)
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19,365
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Organizational expense (audit)
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5,000
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Net investment loss, before reimbursement
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104,374
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Reimbursement from the Adviser
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(104,374)
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Net Investment Income
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$
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-
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See Notes to Financial Statements.
3
ASPIRIANT RISK-MANAGED GLOBAL EQUITY FUND
Statement of Changes in Net Assets
For the Period from November 22, 2011 (Date of Organization) to October 10, 2012
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Operations
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Net investment income
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$
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-
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Capital Share Transactions
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Net proceeds from issuance of shares:
Advisor Shares (9,999 shares)
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99,990
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Institutional Shares (1 share)
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10
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Total increase
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100,000
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Net Assets
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Beginning of period
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-
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End of period
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$
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100,000
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See Notes to Financial Statements.
4
Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund
Notes to Financial Statements
1. Organization:
Aspiriant Risk-Managed Global Equity Fund (the
Fund) is a series of Aspiriant Global Equity Trust (the Trust) organized on November 22, 2011, as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940
(the 1940 Act) as a diversified, open-end management investment company. The investment objective of the Fund is to achieve long-term capital appreciation while considering federal tax implications of investment decisions. Under normal
circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment goal by investing at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities in companies of any market capitalization. The Fund will hold a broad and diverse group of equity securities of
companies in countries with developed and emerging markets. The Fund also will invest in securities that provide exposure to equity securities.
Aspiriant LLC (the Adviser) serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Board of Trustees of the Trust (the Board) has the overall responsibility for monitoring the
operations of the Trust and the Fund, including the Adviser and sub-advisers.
The Fund offers two classes of shares: Advisor
and Institutional. Each Advisor and Institutional share of the Fund represents identical interests in the Funds assets and has the same rights, except that Advisor Shares are expected to have lower operating expenses over time due to a
distribution plan adopted with respect to Institutional Shares of the Fund. Income and realized/unrealized gains or losses are allocated to each class based on relative net assets. Each share represents an equal proportionate interest in the Fund
with other shares of the same class, and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income earned on the assets belonging to the Fund.
2. Significant Accounting Policies:
The following is a summary of
significant accounting policies followed by the Fund in preparation of its financial statements. The policies are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP).
Valuations of Investments
Upon commencement of operations, the Funds investments will be valued at their market value or, if market quotations are not readily available, at their fair value as determined in accordance with
procedures adopted by the Board. Securities of the Fund traded on foreign stock exchanges will be generally valued based upon the closing prices for those securities on the principal exchanges where the securities are traded, subject to possible
adjustment as described below. The value of non-dollar-denominated portfolio securities held by the Fund will be determined by
5
converting all assets and liabilities initially expressed in foreign currency values into U.S. dollar values, based on exchange rates supplied by a quotation service.
Use of Estimates
The
preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Fund to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses for the period. The Fund believes that the estimates utilized in preparing the financial statements are reasonable and prudent, however, actual results could differ from these
estimates.
Organizational and Offering Expenses
All costs incurred by the Trust in connection with the organization of the Funds, principally professional fees and printing, were paid on behalf of the Trust by the Adviser.
Costs incurred in connection with the offering and initial registration of the Trust have been deferred and will be amortized on a
straight-line basis over the first twelve months after commencement of operations.
Federal Income Taxes
The Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company by complying with the provisions available to certain investment companies
as defined in Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and to make distributions from net investment income and from net realized capital gains sufficient to relieve it from all, or substantially all, federal income taxes. The
Fund has no uncertain tax positions and has yet to file any income tax returns.
Redemption Fees
For Institutional Shares, a redemption fee of 2.00% of the then-current value of the shares redeemed is imposed on redemptions of shares
made within 90 days of purchase, subject to certain exceptions. The fee does not apply to the redemption of shares that were purchased by reinvesting dividends or other distributions. It also does not apply to redemptions that being made to make
required distributions from tax-deferred retirement accounts.
3. Related Party Transactions:
The Adviser provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the terms of an investment advisory agreement between the
Adviser and the Trust. In consideration for such services, the Fund will pay the Adviser a fee at an annual rate of 1.34% based on the average daily net assets, computed and accrued daily and paid monthly in arrears. Pursuant to an administrative
services agreement with the Trust, the Adviser is entitled to a fee at an annual rate of 0.10% based on the average daily net assets, computed and accrued daily and paid monthly in
6
arrears, for providing administrative services to the Fund that include the selection and monitoring of investment sub-advisers, negotiation of investment sub-advisory agreements, data gathering
regarding investments, liaison with outside service providers such as the administrator, transfer agent, custodian, auditors and accountants, creation of investor communications, and other such activities.
The Adviser and the Fund have entered into an expense limitation and reimbursement agreement under which the Adviser has agreed to pay or
absorb the ordinary operating expenses of the Fund (which exclude any acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expenses, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend costs relating to short sales and extraordinary expenses of the Fund) to the extent
necessary to limit the annualized operating expenses of the Advisor Shares and Institutional Shares to 2.25% and 2.50%, respectively, of the Funds average daily net asset value attributable to the respective class of shares (the Expense
Limitation). In consideration of the Advisers agreement to limit the Funds expenses, the Fund will carry forward the amount of expenses paid or absorbed in excess of the Expense Limitation for a period not to exceed two years
from the end of the fiscal year in which they were incurred and will reimburse the Adviser such amounts, but only to the extent it does not cause the Funds ordinary operating expenses to exceed the Expense Limitation in effect at the time of
reimbursement.
AQR Capital Management, LLC and Dimensional Fund Advisors LP each serve as a sub-adviser for a portion of the
Funds equity strategy. Parametric Risk Advisors serves as the sub-adviser for the options overlay strategy of the Fund. The sub-advisers will be paid by the Adviser out of the advisory fee.
UMB Distribution Services, LLC serves as the Trusts principal underwriter.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A (JPM) serves as custodian of the Trusts assets and is responsible for maintaining custody of
the Funds cash and investments and retaining subcustodians, including in connection with the custody of foreign securities. Cash held by the custodian, the amount of which may at times be substantial, is insured by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation up to the amount of available insurance coverage limits. JPM also serves as the Trusts fund accounting agent.
UMB Fund Services, Inc. (UMBFS) serves as the Trusts administrator and provides various administrative and accounting services necessary for the operations of the Trust including
facilitating general fund management; monitoring fund compliance with federal and state regulations; supervising the maintenance of the funds general ledger, the preparation of the funds financial statements, the determination of NAV,
the payment of dividends and other distributions to shareholders; and preparing specified financial, tax, and other reports. The Trust pays the administrator an annual fee of 0.05% calculated based on the Funds average net assets. UMBFS also
serves as a Trusts Transfer Agent and dividend disbursing agent.
The Fund has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1
under the 1940 Act (the Plan) that allows its Institutional Shares to pay for the sale and distribution of shares in an annual amount equal to 0.25% of average daily net assets.
7
4. Indemnifications:
In the normal course of business, the Fund enters into contracts that provide general indemnifications. The Funds maximum exposure under these agreements is dependent on future claims that may
be made against the Fund, and therefore cannot be established; however, the risk of loss from such claims is considered remote.
5.
Subsequent Events:
Management has evaluated the events and transactions through the date the financial statements were
issued and determined there were no other subsequent events that required adjustment to our disclosure in the financial statements.
8
PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
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|
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Item 28
.
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Exhibits
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(a)(1)
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|
Certificate of Trust dated November 22, 2011 for Aspiriant Global Equity Trust (the Registrant) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(1) of the
Registrants Initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on December 19, 2011.
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(a)(2)
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Registrants Declaration of Trust dated December 2, 2011 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(2) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants
Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on August 3, 2012.
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|
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(b)
|
|
Registrants By-Laws are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (b) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File
Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on August 3, 2012.
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(c)
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Not applicable.
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(d)(1)
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|
Investment Advisory Agreement dated October 29, 2012 between the Registrant and Aspiriant LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(1) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2
to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(d)(2)
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Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, Aspiriant LLC and AQR Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(2) of
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(d)(3)
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Form of Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, Aspiriant LLC and Dimensional Fund Advisors LP is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(3) of Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(d)(4)
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Form of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, Aspiriant LLC and Parametric Risk Advisors is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(4) of Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(e)(1)
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Form of Distribution Agreement dated October 16, 2012 between the Registrant and UMB Distribution Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(1) of
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(e)(2)
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Dealer Assistance Agreement for the Sale of Shares of Aspiriant Global Equity Trust is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(2) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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1
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(f)
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Not applicable.
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(g)
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Global Custody Agreement dated September 6, 2012 between the Registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g) of Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(h)(1)
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Form of Administration Agreement dated October 16, 2012 between the Registrant and UMB Fund Services, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) of Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(h)(2)
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Fund Accounting Services Agreement dated October 18, 2012 between the Registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) of Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(h)(3)
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Form of Transfer Agency Agreement dated October 16, 2012 between the Registrant and UMB Fund Services, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) of Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(h)(4)
|
|
Administrative Services Agreement dated October 29, 2012 between the Registrant and Aspiriant LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(4) of Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(h)(5)
|
|
Form of Inbound Call Management and Fulfillment Services Agreement dated October 16, 2012 between the Registrant and UMB Distribution Services, LLC is incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit (h)(5) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(h)(6)
|
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Shareholder Services Plan dated October 26, 2012 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(6) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration
Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(h)(7)
|
|
Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement dated October 30, 2012 between the Registrant and Aspiriant, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(7) of
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(i)
|
|
Opinion and Consent of Bingham McCutchen LLP is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (i) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on
Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(j)
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Consent of independent registered public accountants is filed herewith.
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(k)
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Not applicable.
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2
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(l)
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Not applicable.
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(m)
|
|
Distribution Plan dated October 26, 2012 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form
N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(n)
|
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Rule 18f-3 Multiple Class Plan dated October 26, 2012 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration
Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(o)
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Not applicable.
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(p)(1)
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|
Code of Ethics of Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(1) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A
(File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(p)(2)
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|
Code of Ethics of Aspiriant LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(2) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A
(File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(p)(3)
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Code of Ethics of AQR Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(3) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement
on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(p)(4)
|
|
Code of Ethics of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(4) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement
on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
|
|
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(p)(5)
|
|
Code of Ethics of Parametric Risk Advisors, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(5) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration
Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on November 5, 2012.
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(q)(1)
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Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Leroy, Taylor and Mme. Williams is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (q) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants
Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File Nos. 333-178600 and 811-22648), as filed with the SEC on August 3, 2012.
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(q)(2)
|
|
Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Thomas and Francais and Mme. Green are filed herewith.
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Item 29
.
|
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund
|
Not Applicable.
3
Item 30
.
|
Indemnification
|
The Registrant is organized as a Delaware statutory trust and is operated pursuant to its Declaration of Trust dated December 2, 2011
that permits the Registrant to indemnify its trustees and officers under certain circumstances. Such indemnification, however, is subject to the limitations imposed by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940,
as amended. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrants officers and trustees shall be indemnified by the Registrant against liabilities and expenses of defense in proceedings against them by reason of the fact that they each serve
as an officer or trustee of the Registrant or as an officer or trustee of another entity at the request of the entity.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers
and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the
registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the
matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
Item 31
.
|
Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser
|
Any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature that each adviser and each director, officer or partner of each adviser is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal
years for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee is as follows:
Aspiriant LLC
Aspiriant LLC (the Adviser) serves as the investment adviser for the Trust. The principal address of the
Adviser is 11100 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 600, Los Angeles, CA 90025. The Adviser is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser
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Name of Other Company
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Connection with Other Company
|
Doder, Cameron A.
|
|
Steve P. Rados, Inc
(construction)
|
|
Owner
|
|
Material Handling Supply
(forklift sales)
|
|
Owner
|
Kim
Young S.
|
|
Um Ma Son (korean
restaurant)
|
|
Owner
|
Kochis, S. Timothy
|
|
My Financial Advice, Inc.
|
|
Investor
|
|
BASS Ventures, LLC (real estate)
|
|
Joint Venture Interest
|
|
Blue Water Companies (real estate)
|
|
Joint Venture Interest
|
Nastasi-Lohnas, Dionne
|
|
Ricardos Electric (auto repair)
|
|
Owner
|
|
Illusion Arts Entertainment
(media productions)
|
|
Owner
|
Pressman, Lauren
|
|
Central Montana Resources
(shale exploration; investment - no participation)
|
|
Joint Venture Interest
|
Primiani, Marc S.
|
|
Primiani & Stevens
|
|
Owner
|
Stevens, Clay R.
|
|
Primiani & Stevens
|
|
Owner
|
4
AQR Capital Management, LLC
AQR Capital Management, LLC (AQR) serves as investment sub-adviser. The principal address of AQR is Two Greenwich Plaza, 3rd Floor, Greenwich, CT 06830. AQR is an investment adviser registered
with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
|
|
|
|
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Name and Position with
Investment Adviser
|
|
Name of Other Company
|
|
Connection with Other Company
|
Lasse Pedersen, Principal
|
|
NY University Stern School of Business
|
|
John A. Paulson Professor of Finance and Alternative
Investments (2007-2011)
|
|
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
|
|
Professor (since August 2011)
|
John Howard, Principal
and Chief Operating Officer
|
|
AllianceBernstein
|
|
Chief Financial Officer (March 10 February
2011)
|
Dimensional Fund Advisors LP
Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (DFA) serves as investment sub-adviser. The principal address of DFA is Palisades West, 6300 Bee Cave Road, Building One, Austin, TX 78746. DFA is an investment
adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Additional information as to Dimensional and the
partners and executive officers of Dimensional is included in Dimensionals Form ADV filed with the Commission (File No. 801-16283), which is incorporated herein by reference and sets forth the executive officers and partners of
Dimensional and information as to any business, profession, vocation or employment or a substantial nature engaged in by those officers and partners during the past two years.
Parametric Risk Advisors
Parametric Risk Advisors (Parametric)
serves as investment sub-adviser. The principal address of Parametric is 274 Riverside Avenue, Westport, CT 06880. Parametric is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
None of the directors, officers or partners of Parametric is or has been engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or
employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
Additional information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by each such officer and director is included in the Trusts Statement of
Additional Information.
Item 32
.
|
Principal Underwriters
|
(a) In addition to the Registrant, UMB Distribution Services, LLC (the Distributor), serves as the principal underwriter for the following other investment companies:
|
2.
|
Commonwealth International Series Trust
|
|
4.
|
Lotsoff Capital Management Investment Trust
|
|
5.
|
The Marsico Investment Fund
|
|
7.
|
The SteelPath MLP Funds Trust
|
5
(b)
|
No officer of the Distributor holds a position with the Registrant.
|
Item 33.
|
Location of Accounts and Records:
|
All accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder are maintained at the
following offices:
|
11100 Santa Monica Boulevard
|
|
11100 Santa Monica Boulevard
|
|
AQR Capital Management LLC
|
|
Dimensional Fund Advisors LP
|
|
Palisades West, 6300 Bee Cave Road
|
(d)
|
Principal Underwriter:
|
|
UMB Distribution Services, LLC
|
|
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|
6
Item 34
.
|
Management Services
|
Not Applicable.
Not
Applicable.
7
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the
Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Los Angeles, State of California on this 21st day of December, 2012.
|
Aspiriant Global Equity Trust
|
|
Jason Thomas*
|
Jason Thomas
Trustee and
President
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been
signed below by the following persons in the capacity and on the date indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Robert J. Francais
|
|
Trustee
|
|
December 21, 2012
|
|
|
Robert J. Francais
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael D. LeRoy*
|
|
Trustee
|
|
December 21, 2012
|
|
|
Michael D. LeRoy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Robert D. Taylor*
|
|
Trustee
|
|
December 21, 2012
|
|
|
Robert D. Taylor
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jason Thomas*
|
|
Trustee and
|
|
December 21, 2012
|
|
|
Jason Thomas
|
|
President
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Karyn Williams*
|
|
Trustee
|
|
December 21, 2012
|
|
|
Karyn Williams
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Hilarie C. Green
|
|
Treasurer and
|
|
December 21, 2012
|
|
|
Hilarie C. Green
|
|
Principal Financial Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
/s/ Hilarie C. Green
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hilarie C. Green
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
Attorney-in-Fact pursuant to power of attorney.
|
8
Exhibit Index
|
|
|
Exhibit Number
|
|
Exhibit Name
|
EX-99.J
|
|
Consent of independent registered public accountants
|
|
|
EX-99.Q2
|
|
Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Thomas and Francais and Mme. Green
|
9
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