IDT IDT Corporation

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2024

 

or

 

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Commission File Number: 1-16371

 

 

IDT CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

Delaware		22-3415036
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey		07102
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

 

(973) 438-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class		Name of each exchange on which registered
Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share		New York Stock Exchange

 

Trading symbol: IDT

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

	Large accelerated filer	☐		Accelerated filer	☒
	Non-accelerated filer	☐		Smaller reporting company	☐
	Emerging growth company	☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes ☐ No ☒

 

As of December 5, 2024, the registrant had the following shares outstanding:

 

Class A common stock, $.01 par value:	1,574,326 shares outstanding (excluding 1,698,000 treasury shares)
Class B common stock, $.01 par value:	23,674,859 shares outstanding (excluding 4,555,007 treasury shares)

 

 

 

IDT CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION			3
	Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
		Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
		Consolidated Statements of Income	4
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
		Consolidated Statements of Equity	6
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	30
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	30
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION			31
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	31
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	31
	Item 5.	Other Information	31
	Item 6.	Exhibits	31
SIGNATURES			32

 

 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1.Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

IDT CORPORATION

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

		October 31, 2024				July 31, 2024
		(Unaudited)				(Note 1)
		(in thousands, except per share data)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	148,019			$	164,557
Restricted cash and cash equivalents			95,194				90,899
Debt securities			27,274				23,438
Equity investments			5,071				5,009
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $6,634 at October 31, 2024 and $6,352 at July 31, 2024			41,566				42,215
Settlement assets, net of reserve of $1,903 at October 31, 2024 and $1,866 at July 31, 2024			25,245				22,186
Disbursement prefunding			52,041				30,736
Prepaid expenses			12,686				17,558
Other current assets			24,627				25,927
Total current assets			431,723				422,525
Property, plant, and equipment, net			38,944				38,652
Goodwill			26,309				26,288
Other intangibles, net			5,947				6,285
Equity investments			7,092				6,518
Operating lease right-of-use assets			3,101				3,273
Deferred income tax assets, net			29,523				35,008
Other assets			11,995				11,546
Total assets		$	554,634			$	550,095
Liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable		$	23,647			$	24,773
Accrued expenses			92,821				103,176
Deferred revenue			29,321				30,364
Customer funds deposits			94,951				91,893
Settlement liabilities			12,710				12,764
Other current liabilities			16,373				16,374
Total current liabilities			269,823				279,344
Operating lease liabilities			1,566				1,533
Other liabilities			1,058				2,662
Total liabilities			272,447				283,539
Commitments and contingencies			-				-
Redeemable noncontrolling interest			11,039				10,901
Equity:
IDT Corporation stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—10,000; no shares issued			—				—
Class A common stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—35,000; 3,272 shares issued and 1,574 shares outstanding at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024			33				33
Class B common stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—200,000; 28,229 and 28,177 shares issued and 23,674 and 23,684 shares outstanding at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, respectively			282				282
Additional paid-in capital			305,918				303,510
Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 4,555 and 4,493 shares of Class B common stock at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, respectively			(128,512	)			(126,080	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(19,709	)			(18,142	)
Retained earnings			102,568				86,580
Total IDT Corporation stockholders’ equity			260,580				246,183
Noncontrolling interests			10,568				9,472
Total equity			271,148				255,655
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity		$	554,634			$	550,095

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues		$	309,566			$	301,205
Direct cost of revenues			201,939				207,211
Gross profit			107,627				93,994
Operating expenses (gain):
Selling, general and administrative (i)			71,051				64,378
Technology and development (i)			12,759				12,410
Severance			177				525
Other operating gain, net (see Note 10)			—				(484	)
Total operating expenses			83,987				76,829
Income from operations			23,640				17,165
Interest income, net			1,428				844
Other expense, net			(283	)			(5,586	)
Income before income taxes			24,785				12,423
Provision for income taxes			(6,302	)			(3,947	)
Net income			18,483				8,476
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests			(1,234	)			(817	)
Net income attributable to IDT Corporation		$	17,249			$	7,659
Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:
Basic		$	0.68			$	0.30
Diluted		$	0.68			$	0.30
Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:
Basic			25,204				25,178
Diluted			25,363				25,277
(i) Stock-based compensation included in:
Selling, general and administrative expense		$	834			$	641
Technology and development expense		$	78			$	130

 

(i)	Stock-based compensation included in: Technology and development expense & Selling, general and administrative expense

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

IDT CORPORATION

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

(Unaudited)

 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Net income		$	18,483			$	8,476
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities			56				(66	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments			(1,623	)			631
Other comprehensive (loss) income			(1,567	)			565
Comprehensive income			16,916				9,041
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests			(1,234	)			(817	)
Comprehensive income attributable to IDT Corporation		$	15,682			$	8,224

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

IDT CORPORATION

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Unaudited)

 

		Three Months Ended October 31, 2024 (in thousands)
		IDT Corporation Stockholders
		Class A Common Stock				Class B Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital				Treasury Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss				Retained Earnings				Noncontrolling Interests				Total Equity
BALANCE AT JULY 31, 2024		$	33			$	282			$	303,510			$	(126,080	)		$	(18,142	)		$	86,580			$	9,472			$	255,655
Dividends declared ($0.05 per share)			—				—				—				—				—				(1,261	)			—				(1,261	)
Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program			—				—				—				(1,339	)			—				—				—				(1,339	)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees			—				—				—				(1,093	)			—				—				—				(1,093	)
Stock issued to an executive officer for bonus payment			—				—				1,824				—				—				—				—				1,824
Stock-based compensation			—				—				584				—				—				—				—				584
Other comprehensive loss			—				—				—				—				(1,567	)			—				—				(1,567	)
Net income			—				—				—				—				—				17,249				1,096				18,345
BALANCE AT OCTOBER 31, 2024		$	33			$	282			$	305,918			$	(128,512	)		$	(19,709	)		$	102,568			$	10,568			$	271,148

 

		Three Months Ended October 31, 2023 (in thousands)
		IDT Corporation Stockholders
		Class A Common Stock				Class B Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital				Treasury Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss				Retained Earnings				Noncontrolling Interests				Total Equity
BALANCE AT JULY 31, 2023		$	33			$	279			$	301,408			$	(115,461	)		$	(17,192	)		$	24,662			$	6,267			$	199,996
Balance		$	33			$	279			$	301,408			$	(115,461	)		$	(17,192	)		$	24,662			$	6,267			$	199,996
Exercise of stock options			—				—				172				—				—				—				—				172
Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program			—				—				—				(2,836	)			—				—				—				(2,836	)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees			—				—				—				(15	)			—				—				—				(15	)
Stock-based compensation			—				—				771				—				—				—				—				771
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			—				—				—				—				—				—				(55	)			(55	)
Other comprehensive income			—				—				—				—				565				—				—				565
Other comprehensive income(loss)			—				—				—				—				565				—				—				565
Net income			—				—				—				—				—				7,659				710				8,369
BALANCE AT OCTOBER 31, 2023		$	33			$	279			$	302,351			$	(118,312	)		$	(16,627	)		$	32,321			$	6,922			$	206,967
Balance		$	33			$	279			$	302,351			$	(118,312	)		$	(16,627	)		$	32,321			$	6,922			$	206,967

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

IDT CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Operating activities
Net income		$	18,483			$	8,476
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			5,241				5,047
Deferred income taxes			5,485				3,561
Provision for credit losses, doubtful accounts receivable, and reserve for settlement assets			1,002				759
Stock-based compensation			912				771
Other			692				2,425
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable			(200	)			(4,572	)
Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets			(20,380	)			8,250
Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities			(12,771	)			(6,285	)
Customer funds deposits			2,810				(3,017	)
Deferred revenue			(1,110	)			(540	)
Net cash provided by operating activities			164				14,875
Investing activities
Capital expenditures			(5,278	)			(4,322	)
Purchase of convertible preferred stock in equity method investment			(673	)			(672	)
Purchases of debt securities and equity investments			(12,669	)			(7,750	)
Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments			9,878				17,067
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities			(8,742	)			4,323
Financing activities
Dividends paid			(1,261	)			—
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			—				(55	)
Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility			14,243				30,315
Repayment of borrowings under revolving credit facility			(14,243	)			(30,315	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options			—				172
Repurchases of Class B common stock			(2,432	)			(2,851	)
Net cash used in financing activities			(3,693	)			(2,734	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents			28				(6,834	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents			(12,243	)			9,630
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			255,456				198,823
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period		$	243,213			$	208,453
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Financing Activities
Shares of the Company’s Class B common stock issued to an executive officer for bonus payment		$	1,824			$	—

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

IDT CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

 

Note 1—Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “IDT”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended October 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2025. The balance sheet at July 31, 2024 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

 

The Company’s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2025 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2025).

 

As of October 31, 2024, the Company owned 94.0% of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc. (“net2phone 2.0”), which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and 81.5% of the outstanding shares of National Retail Solutions (“NRS”). On a fully diluted basis assuming all the vesting criteria related to various rights granted have been met, the Company would own 90.3% of the equity of net2phone 2.0 and 79.3% of NRS.

 

Reclassifications

 

From and after August 1, 2024, the Company reclassified certain customer funds for pending money transfers in its consolidated financial statements. In the consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2024, $8.9 million previously included in “Settlement liabilities” was reclassified to “Customer funds deposits,” and in the consolidated statements of cash flows in the three months ended October 31, 2023, cash used for “Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities” of $0.7 million was reclassified to cash used for “Customer funds deposits”. These amounts were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

 

From and after February 1, 2024, the Company reclassified most of its technology and development expenses from “Selling, general and administrative” expense to a new “Technology and development” expense caption in the consolidated statements of income and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to “Direct cost of revenues.” The following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in the three months ended October 31, 2023 to conform to the current period’s presentation:

 

 Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified

(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:
Direct cost of revenues		$	434
Technology and development expenses		$	12,410
Selling, general and administrative expense		$	12,410

 

Note 2—Business Segment Information

 

The Company has four reportable business segments, NRS, Fintech, net2phone, and Traditional Communications.

 

The NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide point-of-sale (“POS”) network providing independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS’ POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.

 

The Fintech segment is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services; and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that processes disbursement payments, and IDT Financial Services Limited (“IDT Financial Services”), the Company’s Gibraltar-based bank.

 

The net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone’s integrated cloud communications and contact center services.

 

The Traditional Communications segment includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts: (ii) BOSS Revolution, an international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and (iii) IDT Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.

 

The Company’s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations to segments. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.

 

8

 

Corporate costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate governance including Board of Directors’ fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any direct cost of revenues.

 

Operating results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:

Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments  

(in thousands)		National Retail Solutions				Fintech				net2phone				Traditional Communications				Corporate				Total
Three Months Ended October 31, 2024
Revenues		$	30,362			$	37,070			$	21,620			$	220,514			$	—			$	309,566
Income (loss) from operations			6,613				3,236				999				15,672				(2,880	)			23,640
Depreciation and amortization			(960	)			(735	)			(1,557	)			(1,972	)			(17	)			(5,241	)
Three Months Ended October 31, 2023
Revenues		$	23,995			$	26,563			$	19,927				$$230,720			$	—			$	301,205
Income (loss) from operations			5,460				(1,383	)			(7	)			15,406				(2,311	)			17,165
Depreciation and amortization			(735	)			(693	)			(1,440	)			(2,148	)			(31	)			(5,047	)

 

Note 3—Revenue Recognition

 

The Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses that leverage the Company’s core assets. BOSS Money’s and NRS’ revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time, and net2phone’s revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications’ offerings are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company’s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution are sold direct-to-consumer and through distributors and retailers.

 

Disaggregated Revenues

 

The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:

Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
National Retail Solutions		$	30,362			$	23,995
BOSS Money			33,693				24,239
Other			3,377				2,324
Total Fintech			37,070				26,563
net2phone			21,620				19,927
IDT Digital Payments			105,119				100,038
BOSS Revolution			56,842				71,170
IDT Global			52,375				52,034
Other			6,178				7,478
Total Traditional Communications			220,514				230,720
Total		$	309,566			$	301,205
Revenues		$	309,566			$	301,205

 

9

 

The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:

Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region 

(in thousands)		National Retail Solutions				Fintech				net2phone				Traditional Communications				Total
Three Months Ended October 31, 2024
United States		$	30,362			$	35,889			$	12,293			$	165,221			$	243,765
Outside the United States:
United Kingdom			—				—				—				47,957				47,957
Other			—				1,181				9,327				7,336				17,844
Total outside the United States			—				1,181				9,327				55,293				65,801
Total		$	30,362			$	37,070			$	21,620			$	220,514			$	309,566

 

(in thousands)		National Retail Solutions				Fintech				net2phone				Traditional Communications				Total
Three Months Ended October 31, 2023
United States		$	23,995			$	25,834			$	10,688			$	163,068			$	223,585
Outside the United States:
United Kingdom			—				—				—				58,843				58,843
Other			—				729				9,239				8,809				18,777
Total outside the United States			—				729				9,239				67,652				77,620
Total		$	23,995			$	26,563			$	19,927			$	230,720			$	301,205
Revenues		$	23,995			$	26,563			$	19,927			$	230,720			$	301,205

 

Remaining Performance Obligations

 

The following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of October 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.

Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment 

(in thousands)		National Retail Solutions				net2phone				Total
Twelve-month period ending October 31:
2025		$	6,920			$	39,399			$	46,319
2026			5,743				19,095				24,838
Thereafter			5,545				7,284				12,829
Total		$	18,208			$	65,778			$	83,986

 

Accounts Receivable and Contract Balances

 

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company’s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract assets.

 

Contract liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in the contract. The Company’s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as “Deferred revenue”.

 

The following table presents information about the Company’s contract liability balance:

Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities  

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period		$	13,600			$	16,089

 

10

 

Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs

 

The Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover. The Company’s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs, the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred.

 

The Company’s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged to expense as incurred.

 

The Company’s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:

Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs 

		October 31, 2024				July 31, 2024
		(in thousands)
Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other current assets”		$	4,948			$	4,823
Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other assets”			4,549				4,276
Total		$	9,497			$	9,099

 

The Company’s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:

Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs		$	1,498			$	1,215

 

Note 4—Leases

 

The Company’s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than one year to approximately five years. Certain of these leases contain renewal options that may be exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The Company has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any of these options.

 

Supplemental disclosures related to the Company’s operating leases were as follows:

Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company’s Operating Leases 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Operating lease cost		$	601			$	758
Short-term lease cost			258				326
Total lease cost		$	859			$	1,084
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases		$	614			$	791
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases		$	614			$	791

 

Schedule of Supplemental Disclosure Related Weighted Average Operating Leases 

		October 31, 2024				July 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases			2.5 years				2.6 years
Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases			5.7	%			5.6	%

 

In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.

 

The Company’s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:

Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability 

		October 31, 2024				July 31, 2024
		(in thousands)
Operating lease liabilities included in “Other current liabilities”		$	1,640			$	1,866
Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities			1,566				1,533
Total		$	3,206			$	3,399

 

11

 

Future minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:

Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities 

(in thousands)
Twelve-month period ending October 31:
2025		$	1,768
2026			801
2027			500
2028			198
2029			186
Thereafter			15
Total lease payments			3,468
Less imputed interest			(262	)
Total operating lease liabilities		$	3,206

 

Note 5—Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents 

		October 31, 2024				July 31, 2024
		(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	148,019			$	164,557
Restricted cash and cash equivalents			95,194				90,899
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents		$	243,213			$	255,456

 

Restricted cash and cash equivalents included the following:

Schedule of Restricted Cash And Cash Equivalents

		October 31, 2024				July 31, 2024
		(in thousands)
IDT Financial Services (Gibraltar)		$	79,747			$	83,284
Disbursement payments VIE			15,289				7,426
Other			158				189
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents		$	95,194			$	90,899

 

Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction. In addition, the VIE is contractually required to use customer funds only for the customers’ pending money disbursements.

 

Note 6—Debt Securities

 

The following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities 

		Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value
		(in thousands)
October 31, 2024:
U.S. Treasury bills and notes		$	20,568			$	16			$	(52	)		$	20,532
Government sponsored enterprise notes			3,342				1				—				3,343
Corporate bonds			3,688				1				(290	)			3,399
Total		$	27,598			$	18			$	(342	)		$	27,274
July 31, 2024:
U.S. Treasury bills and notes		$	16,641			$	10			$	(66	)		$	16,585
Government sponsored enterprise notes			3,356				—				(3	)			3,353
Corporate bonds			3,821				1				(322	)			3,500
Total		$	23,818			$	11			$	(391	)		$	23,438

 

12

 

The gross unrealized losses in the table above are recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the consolidated balance sheets. As of October 31, 2024, the Company determined that the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates or market liquidity and were not due to credit losses. In addition, as of October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company did not intend to sell any of the securities with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery of the unrealized losses, which may be at maturity.

 

Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $9.9 million and $17.1 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the realized gains and realized losses on the sales of debt securities.

 

  The contractual maturities of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities at October 31, 2024 were as follows:

Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities 

		Fair Value
			(in thousands)
Within one year		$	20,752
After one year through five years			5,562
After five years through ten years			923
After ten years			37
Total		$	27,274

 

The following table includes the fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position:

 Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position 

		Unrealized Losses				Fair Value
		(in thousands)
October 31, 2024:
U.S. Treasury bills and notes		$	52			$	11,915
Corporate bonds			290				3,280
Total		$	342			$	15,195
July 31, 2024:
U.S. Treasury bills and notes		$	66			$	12,936
Government sponsored enterprise notes			3				2,634
Corporate bonds			322				3,310
Total		$	391			$	18,880

 

The following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer:

Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer 

		Unrealized Losses				Fair Value
		(in thousands)
October 31, 2024:
U.S. Treasury bills and notes		$	42			$	2,306
Corporate bonds			275				3,108
Total		$	317			$	5,414
July 31, 2024:
U.S. Treasury bills and notes		$	60			$	4,827
Corporate bonds			307				3,209
Total		$	367			$	8,036

 

13

 

Note 7—Equity Investments

 

Equity investments consist of the following:

 Schedule of Equity Investments 

		October 31, 2024				July 31, 2024
		(in thousands)
Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, 42,282 shares at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024		$	130			$	153
Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, 278,810 shares at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024			516				416
Other marketable equity securities			53				70
Fixed income mutual funds			4,372				4,370
Current equity investments		$	5,071			$	5,009
Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (“Visa Series C Preferred”)		$	758			$	695
Visa Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (“Visa Series A Preferred”)			—				877
Convertible preferred stock—equity method investment			1,231				1,338
Hedge funds			2,878				2,883
Other			2,225				725
Noncurrent equity investments		$	7,092			$	6,518

 

Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company and the Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors is also the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Zedge, Inc. and the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael Holdings, Inc.

 

In June 2016, upon the acquisition of Visa Europe Limited by Visa, Inc. (“Visa”), IDT Financial Services received 1,830 shares of Visa Series C Preferred among other consideration. In July 2024, in connection with Visa’s mandatory release assessment, the Company received 33 shares of Visa’s Series A Preferred. In August 2024, the 33 shares of Visa Series A Preferred were converted into 3,300 shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold for $0.9 million.

 

The changes in the carrying value of the Company’s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company elected the measurement alternative was as follows:

 Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period		$	964			$	1,632
Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer			63				(14	)
Upward adjustment			—				129
Impairments			—				—
Balance, end of the period		$	1,027			$	1,747

 

The Company adjusted the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held based on the fair value of Visa Class A common stock, including a discount for lack of current marketability, which is classified as “Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer” in the table above. The Certificate of Designation with respect to the shares of Visa Series C Preferred restricts the transferability of the shares, there is no public market for the shares, and none is expected to develop. The shares become fully convertible into shares of Visa Class A common stock in June 2028. In addition, in the three months ended October 31, 2023, in connection with the acquisition of Regal Bancorp by SR Bancorp, the Company adjusted the carrying value of its shares of Regal Bancorp common stock.

 

Unrealized gains (losses) for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:

 Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments		$	378			$	(917	)
Plus: net loss recognized during the period on equity investment sold during the period			2				—
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date		$	380			$	(917	)

 

14

 

The unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:

 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:
Rafael Class B common stock		$	100			$	(62	)
Zedge Class B common stock		$	(23	)		$	(8	)
Equity securities unrealized gain loss		$	(23	)		$	(8	)

 

Equity Method Investment

 

The Company has an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or “EMI”). As of both October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company’s ownership was 33.4% of the EMI’s outstanding shares on an as converted basis. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but does not have a controlling interest.

 

The Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI’s shares, there were differences between its investment in the EMI and its proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $8.2 million, which represented the share of the EMI’s customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company’s interest in the EMI. These basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list. In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the net loss of investee, which is recorded in “Other expense, net” (see Note 17).

 

In both the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, each of the EMI’s shareholders, including the Company, purchased additional shares of the EMI’s convertible preferred stock. At October 31, 2024, the Company was committed to purchase additional shares of the EMI’s convertible preferred stock in January 2025 for $0.3 million.

 

The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s equity method investment:

 Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period		$	1,338			$	2,784
Purchase of convertible preferred stock			673				672
Equity in the net loss of investee			(438	)			(670	)
Amortization of equity method basis difference			(342	)			(342	)
Balance, end of period		$	1,231			$	2,444

 

Note 8—Fair Value Measurements

 

The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

		Level 1 (1)				Level 2 (2)				Level 3 (3)				Total
		(in thousands)
October 31, 2024
Debt securities		$	20,532			$	6,742			$	—			$	27,274
Equity investments included in current assets			5,071				—				—				5,071
Equity investments included in noncurrent assets			—				2,000				758				2,758
Total		$	25,603			$	8,742			$	758			$	35,103
Acquisition consideration included in:
Other current liabilities		$	—			$	—			$	(290	)		$	(290	)
Other noncurrent liabilities			—				—				(616	)			(616	)
Total		$	—			$	—			$	(906	)		$	(906	)
July 31, 2024
Debt securities		$	16,585			$	6,853			$	—			$	23,438
Equity investments included in current assets			5,009				—				—				5,009
Equity investments included in noncurrent assets			—				1,377				695				2,072
Total		$	21,594			$	8,230			$	695			$	30,519
Acquisition consideration included in:
Other current liabilities		$	—			$	—			$	(222	)		$	(222	)
Other noncurrent liabilities			—				—				(684	)			(684	)
Total		$	—			$	—			$	(906	)		$	(906	)

 

(1)	– quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

(2)

– observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

(3)

– no observable pricing inputs in the market

 

15

 

At both October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company had $2.9 million in investments in hedge funds, which were included in noncurrent “Equity investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s investments in hedge funds were accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.

 

The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

 Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period		$	695			$	1,263
Total gain (loss) included in “Other expense, net”			63				(14	)
Balance, end of period		$	758			$	1,249
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period		$	—			$	—

 

The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

 Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period		$	906			$	4,805
Payments			—				(214	)
Total gain included in
“Foreign currency translation adjustment”			—				(3	)
Balance, end of period		$	906			$	4,588
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period		$	—			$	—

 

In the three months ended October 31, 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $0.2 million in contingent consideration related to a prior acquisition.

 

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

 

The estimated fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.

 

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, other current assets, customer funds deposits, settlement liabilities, and other current liabilities. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents were classified as Level 1 and settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, other current assets, customer funds deposits, settlement liabilities, and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

 

16

 

Other assets and other liabilities. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company’s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

 

Note 9—Variable Interest Entity

 

The Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE that processes disbursement payments. The Company determined that, effective May 31, 2021, it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and the Company has the obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to it. As a result, the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus the net income incurred by the VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

 

The VIE’s net income and aggregate funding provided by the Company were as follows:

Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Net income of the VIE		$	338			$	81
Aggregate funding provided by the Company, net		$	55			$	114

 

The VIE’s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:

VIE’s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet 

		October 31, 2024				July 31, 2024
		(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and equivalents		$	3,055			$	2,626
Restricted cash			15,289				7,426
Trade accounts receivable, net			127				74
Disbursement prefunding			1,323				2,587
Prepaid expenses			359				258
Other current assets			265				294
Property, plant, and equipment, net			163				179
Other intangibles, net			546				584
Total assets		$	21,127			$	14,028
Liabilities and noncontrolling interests:
Trade accounts payable		$	—			$	4
Accrued expenses			160				124
Customer funds deposits			15,882				9,195
Due to the Company			296				241
Accumulated other comprehensive income			14				27
Noncontrolling interests			4,775				4,437
Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests		$	21,127			$	14,028

 

The VIE’s assets may only be used to settle the VIE’s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE’s liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company’s other consolidated entities.

 

Note 10—Other Operating Gain, Net

 

The following table summarizes the other operating gain, net by business segment:

Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Corporate—Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees		$	—			$	(212	)
Corporate—Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims			—				684
Corporate—other			—				12
Total		$	—			$	484

 

17

 

Straight Path Communications Inc. Class Action

 

As discussed in Note 16, the Company (as well as other defendants) was named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of the Company’s former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (“Straight Path”). The Company incurred legal fees and recorded offsetting gains from insurance claims related to this action in the three months ended October 31, 2023. In fiscal 2024, the Company received the final payment from its insurance policy for these claims. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs’ allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.

 

Note 11—Revolving Credit Facility

 

The Company’s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (“IDT Telecom”), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021, with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. As of July 15, 2024 and July 28, 2023, IDT Telecom and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility. In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $14.2 million and $30.3 million, respectively, under the facility. The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom’s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom’s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment. IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.

 

Note 12—Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

 

On September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing 2.5% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (“Alta Fox”) for cash of $10 million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS’ securities, or (iii) a distribution of NRS’ capital stock following which NRS’ common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.

 

The shares of NRS’ Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity’s noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:

 Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity’s Noncontrolling Interest 

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity’s noncontrolling interest		$	138			$	107

 

18

 

Note 13—Equity

 

Dividend Payments

 

In the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.05 per share on the Company’s Class A and Class B common stock. In the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company paid aggregate cash dividends of $1.3 million.

 

Stock Repurchases

 

The Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock. In January 2016, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 8.0 million shares in the aggregate. In the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 37,714 shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1.3 million. In the three months ended October 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 125,470 shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $2.8 million. At October 31, 2024, 4.4 million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.

 

In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid $1.1 million and $15,000, respectively, to repurchase 24,290 and 654 shares, respectively, of the Company’s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock and shares issued for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.

 

Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Abilio (“Bill”) Pereira

 

On December 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bill Pereira, the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer. The agreement provides for, among other things, certain equity grants and a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial milestones as set forth in the agreement. In October 2024, the Company issued to Mr. Pereira 39,155 shares of its Class B common stock with an issue date value of $1.8 million in connection with the achievement of one of these milestones.

 

Note 14— Earnings Per Share

 

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.

 

19

 

The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders consists of the following:

 

Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Basic weighted-average number of shares			25,204				25,178
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options			—				3
Non-vested restricted Class B common stock			159				96
Diluted weighted-average number of shares			25,363				25,277

 

There were no shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023.

 

Note 15—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

 

The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

 Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)

		Unrealized Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities				Foreign Currency Translation				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
		(in thousands)
Balance, July 31, 2024		$	(380	)		$	(17,762	)		$	(18,142	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation			56				(1,623	)			(1,567	)
Balance, October 31, 2024		$	(324	)		$	(19,385	)		$	(19,709	)

 

Note 16—Commitments and Contingencies

 

Legal Proceedings

 

On July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and derivatively on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court of Chancery”) against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record and beneficial ownership of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path’s directors. The complaint alleged that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties to Straight Path in connection with the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential indemnification claims concerning Straight Path’s obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), as well as the sale of Straight Path’s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc. to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated with a similar action that was initiated by The Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs sought, among other things, (i) a declaration that the action may be maintained as a class action or in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding damages for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications Inc. for their shares of Straight Path’s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company to disgorge any profits for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The trial was held in August and December 2022, and closing arguments were presented on May 3, 2023. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs’ allegations, the class suffered no damages. On July 22, 2024, oral argument was held in the Court of Chancery on the issue of attorney’s fees sought by plaintiff’s counsel against Howard S. Jonas. On October 29, 2024, the Court of Chancery issued a Memorandum Opinion denying plaintiff’s counsel’s request for attorney’s fees. The parties are drafting the final order that will be submitted to the Court of Chancery for approval and entry. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.

 

In addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.

 

20

 

Sales Tax Contingency

 

On June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful it could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company’s operations, and if such changes were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and operating results.

 

Regulatory Fees Audit

 

The Company’s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reported its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”). The USAC’s final decision imposed a $2.9 million charge on the Company for the Federal Telecommunications Relay Service (“TRS”) Fund. The Company has appealed the USAC’s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. The Company has made certain changes to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company’s accrued expenses included $24.4 million and $25.9 million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.

 

Purchase Commitments

 

At October 31, 2024, the Company had purchase commitments of $1.3 million primarily for equipment and services.

 

Performance Bonds

 

The Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states’ financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company had aggregate performance bonds outstanding of $33.2 million $32.4 million, respectively. The increase in the performance bonds was due to increased money remittance transactions in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to prior periods.

 

Note 17—Other Expense, Net

 

Other expense, net consists of the following:

 Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net

		2024				2023
		Three Months Ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in thousands)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)		$	135			$	(3,499	)
Equity in net loss of investee			(780	)			(1,012	)
Gains (losses) on investments			378				(917	)
Other			(16	)			(158	)
Total		$	(283	)		$	(5,586	)

 

Note 18—Income Taxes

 

The Company’s income tax expense in the three months ended October 31, 2024 was based on an effective tax rate of 25.4% compared to 28.2% for fiscal 2024. The change in the estimated effective tax rate was mainly due to differences in the amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.

 

Note 19—Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

 

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), to improve the disclosures about an entity’s expenses including more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. At each interim and annual reporting period, entities will disclose in tabular format disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying relevant income statement captions, as well as the total amount of selling expense and a description of the composition of its selling expense. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2027. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60), Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value, with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things, the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions, dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the associated notes thereto of this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024 (or the 2024 Form 10-K) as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC).

 

As used below, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company,” “IDT,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to IDT Corporation, a Delaware corporation, its predecessor, International Discount Telecommunications, Corp., a New York corporation, and their subsidiaries, collectively.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking statement. In addition to the factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors, risks, and uncertainties that could result in those differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A to Part I “Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consult all of the information set forth in this report and the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including our 2024 Form 10-K.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

 

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), to improve the disclosures about an entity’s expenses including more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. At each interim and annual reporting period, entities will disclose in tabular format disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying relevant income statement captions, as well as the total amount of selling expense and a description of the composition of its selling expense. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU for our fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2027. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU for our fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60), Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value, with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things, the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions, dispositions, gains, and losses. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU for our fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

 

Results of Operations

 

We evaluate the performance of our business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. Accordingly, the income and expense line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in our discussion of the consolidated results of operations.

 

As of October 31, 2024, we owned 94.0% of the outstanding shares of our subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc., or net2phone 2.0, which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and 81.5% of the outstanding shares of National Retail Solutions, or NRS. On a fully diluted basis assuming all the vesting criteria related to various rights granted have been met, we would own 90.3% of the equity of net2phone 2.0 and 79.3% of NRS.

 

Reclassification

 

From and after February 1, 2024, we reclassified most of our technology and development expenses from “Selling, general and administrative” expense to a new “Technology and development” expense caption in the consolidated statements of income and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to “Direct cost of revenues.” The following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in the three months ended October 31, 2023 to conform to the current period’s presentation:

 

(in millions)
Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:
Direct cost of revenues		$	0.4
Technology and development expenses		$	12.4

 

 

Explanation of Performance Metrics

 

Our results of operations discussion include the following performance metrics:

 

	●	for NRS, active point-of-sale, or POS, terminals, payment processing accounts, and recurring revenue,
	●	for net2phone, seats and subscription revenue, and
	●	for Traditional Communications, minutes of use.

 

NRS uses two key metrics to measure the size of its customer base: active POS terminals and payment processing accounts. Active POS terminals are the number of POS terminals that have completed at least one transaction in the calendar month. It excludes POS terminals that have not been fully installed by the end of the month. Payment processing accounts are accounts that can generate revenue. It excludes accounts that have been approved but not activated. NRS’ recurring revenue is NRS’ revenue in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, excluding its revenue from POS terminal sales.

 

net2phone’s cloud communications offerings are priced on a per-seat basis, with customers paying based on the number of users in their organization. net2phone’s subscription revenue is its revenue in accordance with U.S. GAAP excluding its equipment revenue and revenue generated by a legacy SIP trunking offering in Brazil.

 

The trends and comparisons between periods for the number of active POS terminals, payment processing accounts, seats served, recurring revenue, and subscription revenue are used in the analysis of NRS’ or net2phone’s revenues and direct cost of revenues and are strong indications of the top-line growth and performance of the business.

 

Minutes of use is a nonfinancial metric that measures aggregate customer usage during a reporting period. Minutes of use is an important factor in BOSS Revolution’s and IDT Global’s revenue recognition since satisfaction of our performance obligation occurs when the customer uses our service. Minutes of use trends and comparisons between periods are used in the analysis of revenues and direct cost of revenues.

 

Three Months Ended October 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended October 31, 2023

 

National Retail Solutions Segment

 

NRS, which represented 9.8% and 8.0% of our total revenues in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is an operator of a nationwide POS network providing independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS’ POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.

 

		Three months ended October 31,								Change
		2024				2023				$/#				%
		(in millions)
Revenues:
Recurring		$	28.9			$	22.4			$	6.5				29.3	%
Other			1.5				1.6				(0.1	)			(11.8	)
Total revenues			30.4				24.0				6.4				26.5
Direct cost of revenues			(2.8	)			(3.2	)			(0.4	)			(15.2	)
Gross profit			27.6				20.8				6.8				33.0
Selling, general and administrative			(19.0	)			(13.6	)			5.4				39.9
Technology and development			(2.0	)			(1.7	)			0.3				15.8
Income from operations		$	6.6			$	5.5			$	1.1				21.1	%
Gross margin percentage			91.0	%			86.6	%			4.4	%

 

		October 31,								Change
		2024				2023				#				%
		(in thousands)
Active POS terminals			33.1				27.2				5.9				22	%
Payment processing accounts			22.7				17.1				5.6				33	%

 

 

Revenues. Revenues increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 driven primarily by revenue growth from NRS’ merchant services, as well as the expansion of NRS’ POS network.

 

Direct Cost of Revenues. Direct cost of revenues decreased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to the decrease in the direct costs of NRS’ POS terminal sales.

 

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to increases in sales commissions, employee compensation, legal fees, marketing expense, and bad debt expense. As a percentage of NRS’ revenue, NRS’ selling, general and administrative expense increased to 62.6% from 56.7% in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 

Technology and Development. Technology and development expense increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to increases in employee compensation and depreciation and amortization expense, partially offset by a decrease in consulting expense.

 

Fintech Segment

 

Fintech, which represented 12.0% and 8.8% of our total revenues in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services; and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including a variable interest entity, or VIE, that processes disbursement payments, and IDT Financial Services Limited, or IDT Financial Services, our Gibraltar-based bank.

 

		Three months ended October 31,								Change
		2024				2023				$/#				%
		(in millions)
Revenues:
BOSS Money		$	33.7			$	24.3			$	9.4				39.0	%
Other			3.4				2.3				1.1				45.3
Total revenues			37.1				26.6				10.5				39.6
Direct cost of revenues			(15.5	)			(11.8	)			3.7				32.2
Gross profit			21.6				14.8				6.8				45.4
Selling, general and administrative			(16.1	)			(14.2	)			1.9				13.3
Technology and development			(2.3	)			(2.0	)			0.3				10.8
Income (loss) from operations		$	3.2			$	(1.4	)		$	4.6				333.9	%
Gross margin percentage			58.2	%			55.9	%			2.3	%

 

Revenues. Revenues from BOSS Money increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily because of increased transaction volume in BOSS Money’s digital and retail channels. BOSS Money continues to benefit from cross-marketing to BOSS Revolution customers and the expansion of its retail agent network.

 

Direct Cost of Revenues. Direct cost of revenues increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to an increase in BOSS Money’s direct cost of revenues, which reflected the increase in BOSS Money’s revenue.

 

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to increases in debit and credit card processing charges, employee compensation, and bank fees. The increase in card processing charges was the result of increased credit and debit card transactions through our BOSS Money app and other digital channels. As a percentage of Fintech’s revenue, Fintech’s selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 43.3% from 53.3% in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 

 

Technology and Development. Technology and development expense increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to an increase in depreciation and amortization expense, partially offset by a decrease in employee compensation.

 

net2phone Segment

 

The net2phone segment, which represented 7.0% and 6.6% of our total revenues in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is comprised of net2phone’s integrated cloud communications and contact center services.

 

		Three months ended October 31,								Change
		2024				2023				$/#				%
		(in millions)
Revenues:
Subscription		$	21.0			$	18.5			$	2.5				13.4	%
Other			0.6				1.4				(0.8	)			(55.0	)
Total revenues			21.6				19.9				1.7				8.5
Direct cost of revenues			(4.5	)			(4.1	)			0.4				10.4
Gross profit			17.1				15.8				1.3				8.0
Selling, general and administrative			(13.1	)			(13.3	)			(0.2	)			(0.9	)
Technology and development			(3.0	)			(2.5	)			0.5				15.9
Income (loss) from operations		$	1.0			$	—			$	1.0				nm
Gross margin percentage			79.0	%			79.3	%			(0.3	)%

 

nm—not meaningful

 

		October 31,								Change
		2024				2023				#				%
		(in thousands)
Seats served			406				364				42				11	%

 

Revenues. net2phone’s revenues increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 driven primarily by the growth in subscription revenue primarily in the U.S. and Mexico, which reflected the increase in seats served at October 31, 2024 compared to October 31, 2023.

 

Direct Cost of Revenues. Direct cost of revenues increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to the increase in revenues, with the largest increase in the U.S. market. net2phone’s focus on mid-sized businesses, multi-channel strategies, and localized offerings generated revenue growth that exceeded the increase in direct cost of revenues.

 

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to decreases in marketing expense, employee compensation, and consulting expense, partially offset by an increase in sales commissions. As a percentage of net2phone’s revenues, net2phone’s selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 60.8% from 66.6% in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 

Technology and Development. Technology and development expense increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to an increase in employee compensation.

 

Traditional Communications Segment

 

The Traditional Communications segment, which represented 71.2% and 76.6% of our total revenues in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution, an international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and (iii) IDT Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.

 

Traditional Communications’ most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution are sold directly to consumers and through distributors and retailers. We receive payments for BOSS Revolution, traditional calling cards, and IDT Digital Payments prior to providing the services. We recognize the revenue when services are provided to the customer. Traditional Communications’ revenues tend to be somewhat seasonal, with the second fiscal quarter (which contains Christmas and New Year’s Day) and the fourth fiscal quarter (which contains Mother’s Day and Father’s Day) typically showing higher minute volumes.

 

 

		Three months ended October 31,								Change
		2024				2023				$/#				%
		(in millions)
Revenues:
IDT Digital Payments		$	105.1			$	100.0			$	5.1				5.1	%
BOSS Revolution			56.8				71.2				(14.4	)			(20.1	)
IDT Global			52.4				52.0				0.4				0.7
Other			6.2				7.5				(1.3	)			(17.4	)
Total revenues			220.5				230.7				(10.2	)			(4.4	)
Direct cost of revenues			(179.2	)			(188.1	)			(8.9	)			(4.8	)
Gross profit			41.3				42.6				(1.3	)			(2.9	)
Selling, general and administrative			(19.9	)			(20.6	)			(0.7	)			(2.8	)
Technology and development			(5.5	)			(6.1	)			(0.6	)			(9.4	)
Severance			(0.2	)			(0.5	)			(0.3	)			(63.7	)
Income from operations		$	15.7			$	15.4			$	0.3				1.7	%
Gross margin percentage			18.8	%			18.4	%			0.4	%
Minutes of use:
BOSS Revolution			364				496				(132	)			(27	)%
IDT Global			1,437				1,445				(8	)			(1	)%

 

Revenues. Revenues from IDT Digital Payments increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to increases in revenues from the direct-to-consumer and enterprise and wholesale channels, partially offset by a decrease in revenues from the retail channel.

 

Revenues and minutes of use from BOSS Revolution decreased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024. BOSS Revolution continues to be impacted by persistent, market-wide trends, including the proliferation of unlimited calling plans offered by wireless carriers and mobile virtual network operators, and the increasing penetration of free and paid over-the-top voice, video conferencing, and messaging services.

 

Revenues from IDT Global slightly increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024. Minutes of use from IDT Global slightly decreased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024. IDT Global’s revenues and minutes of use generally decline each fiscal quarter as communications globally continue to transition away from international voice calling. This trend was accelerated by the impact of COVID-19 as business communications shifted from calling to video conferencing and other collaboration platforms. We expect that IDT Global will continue to be adversely impacted by these trends, and minutes of use and revenues will likely continue to decline from quarter-to-quarter, as we seek to maximize economics rather than necessarily sustain minutes of use or revenues.

 

Direct Cost of Revenues. Direct cost of revenues decreased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to the decrease in BOSS Revolution’s minutes of use and direct cost of revenues.

 

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to decreases in sales commissions and employee compensation, partially offset by increases in marketing expense and stock-based compensation. As a percentage of Traditional Communications’ revenue, Traditional Communications’ selling, general and administrative expense increased to 9.1% from 8.9% in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 

Technology and Development. Technology and development expense decreased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily due to decreases in depreciation and amortization expense, employee compensation, and software license and maintenance expense.

 

Severance Expense. In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, Traditional Communications incurred severance expense of $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

 

 

Corporate

 

		Three months ended October 31,								Change
		2024				2023				$				%
		(in millions)
General and administrative		$	(2.9	)		$	(2.8	)		$	0.1				2.5	%
Other operating gain, net			—				0.5				(0.5	)			(100.0	)
Loss from operations		$	(2.9	)		$	(2.3	)		$	(0.6	)			(24.6	)%

 

Corporate costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate governance including Board of Directors’ fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any direct cost of revenues.

 

General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expense increased in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 primarily because of an increase in audit and accounting fees, partially offset by a decrease in employee compensation. As a percentage of our consolidated revenues, Corporate general and administrative expense was 0.9% in both the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023.

 

  Other Operating Gain, net. As discussed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report, we (as well as other defendants) were named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of our former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc., or Straight Path. We incurred legal fees of nil and $0.2 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to this action. Also, we recorded offsetting gains from insurance claims for this matter of nil and $0.7 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In fiscal 2024, we received the final payment from our insurance policy for these claims. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against us, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs’ allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.

 

Consolidated

 

The following is a discussion of our consolidated stock-based compensation expense, and our consolidated income and expense line items below income from operations.

 

Stock-Based Compensation Expense. Total stock-based compensation expense included in consolidated selling, general and administrative expense and technology and development expense was $0.9 million and $0.8 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in stock-based compensation expense was primarily due to certain equity grants to Bill Pereira, our President and Chief Operating Officer, in the second quarter of fiscal 2024, including a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial milestones that may be paid, at Mr. Pereira’s option, in either shares of our Class B common stock or cash. The increase in stock-based compensation expense was partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation expense from the grant of deferred stock units, or DSUs, that, upon vesting, will entitle the grantees to receive shares of our Class B common stock. As of October 31, 2024, there was $1.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods that end in October 2027.

 

Effective as of June 30, 2022, restricted shares of NRS’ Class B common stock were granted to certain NRS employees. The restrictions on the shares lapse in three installments, the first was on June 1, 2024, and the others are June 1, 2026 and June 1, 2027. As of October 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to NRS’ non-vested Class B common stock was an aggregate of $1.8 million. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period that ends in fiscal 2027.

 

As of October 31, 2024, there was an aggregate of $0.8 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options and restricted stock, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting periods that end in fiscal 2028.

 

		Three months ended October 31,								Change
		2024				2023				$				%
		(in millions)
Income from operations		$	23.6			$	17.2			$	6.4				37.7	%
Interest income, net			1.5				0.8				0.7				69.2
Other expense, net			(0.3	)			(5.6	)			5.3				94.9
Provision for income taxes			(6.3	)			(3.9	)			(2.4	)			(59.7	)
Net income			18.5				8.5				10.0				118.1
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests			(1.3	)			(0.8	)			(0.5	)			(51.0	)
Net income attributable to IDT Corporation		$	17.2			$	7.7			$	9.5				125.2	%

 

 

Other Expense, net. Other expense, net consists of the following:

 

		Three months ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in millions)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)		$	0.1			$	(3.5	)
Equity in the net loss of investee			(0.8	)			(1.0	)
Gains (losses) on investments			0.4				(0.9	)
Other			—				(0.2	)
Total		$	(0.3	)		$	(5.6	)

 

We have an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or EMI). As of October 31, 2024 and 2023, our ownership was 33.4% and 33.3%, respectively, of the EMI’s outstanding shares on an as converted basis. We account for this investment using the equity method since we can exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but do not have a controlling interest. We determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI’s shares, there were differences between our investment in the EMI and our proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $8.2 million, which represented the share of the EMI’s customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to our interest in the EMI. These basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list. “Equity in the net loss of investee” includes the amortization of equity method basis difference.

 

Provision for Income Taxes. The change in income tax expense in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 was primarily due to differences in the amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.

 

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. The change in the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to the similar period in fiscal 2024 was primarily due to increases in net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests in net2phone 2.0, NRS, and the VIE, partially offset by a decrease in net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests in Sochitel.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we expect our cash flow from operations and the balance of cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments that we held on October 31, 2024 will be sufficient to meet our currently anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements during the twelve-month period ending October 31, 2025.

 

At October 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments of $180.4 million and working capital (current assets in excess of current liabilities) of $161.9 million.

 

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

 

The following table includes our anticipated material cash requirements from contractual obligations and other commitments at October 31, 2024:

 

Payments Due by Period (in millions)		Total				Less than 1 year				1–3 years				4–5 years				After 5 years
Purchase commitments		$	1.3			$	0.9			$	0.4			$	—			$	—
Connectivity obligations under service agreements			1.1				0.5				0.6				—				—
Operating leases including short-term leases			4.1				2.3				1.4				0.4				—
Total (1)		$	6.5			$	3.7			$	2.4			$	0.4			$	—

 

(1)

The above table does not include up to $10 million for the potential redemption of shares of NRS’ Class B common stock, an aggregate of $33.2 million in performance bonds, and up to $3.0 million for potential contingent consideration payments related to a business acquisition, due to the uncertainty of the amount and/or timing of any such payments.

 

 

Consolidated Financial Condition

 

		Three months ended October 31,
		2024				2023
		(in millions)
Cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities		$	0.2			$	14.8
Investing activities			(8.7	)			4.3
Financing activities			(3.7	)			(2.6	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents			—				(6.9	)
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents		$	(12.2	)		$	9.6

 

Operating Activities

 

Our cash flow from operations varies significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, depending on our operating results and the timing of operating cash receipts and payments, generally trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities to $0.2 million from $14.8 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, predominantly reflects the timing of our payments to cover anticipated BOSS Money disbursement prefunding.

 

Gross trade accounts receivable decreased to $48.2 million at October 31, 2024 from $48.6 million at July 31, 2024 primarily due to collections in the three months ended October 31, 2024 that were greater than amounts billed during the period, as well as from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

Deferred revenue arises from sales of prepaid products and varies from period to period depending on the mix and the timing of revenues. Deferred revenue decreased to $29.3 million at October 31, 2024 from $30.4 million at July 31, 2024 primarily due to decreases in the BOSS Revolution’s and traditional calling cards’ deferred revenue balances.

 

Customer funds deposits liabilities increased to $95.0 million at October 31, 2024 from $91.9 million at July 31, 2024. Our restricted cash and cash equivalents included an aggregate of $95.0 million and $90.7 million at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, respectively, held by IDT Financial Services and our VIE for these customer funds.

 

In September 2017, we and certain of our subsidiaries were certified by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority, or NJEDA, as having met the requirements of the Grow New Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit Program. The program provides for credits against a corporation’s New Jersey corporate business tax liability for maintaining a minimum number of employees in New Jersey, and that tax credits may be sold subject to certain conditions. On June 5, 2023, we received a 2019 tax credit certificate for $1.8 million from the NJEDA. In August 2023, we sold the certificate for cash of $1.6 million.

 

On June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that we have liability for periods for which we have not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to our operations, and if such changes were made it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results.

 

As discussed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report, we (as well as other defendants) were named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of our former subsidiary, Straight Path. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against us, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs’ allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.

 

Investing Activities

 

Our capital expenditures were $5.3 million and $4.3 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We currently anticipate that total capital expenditures in the twelve-month period ending October 31, 2025 will be $19 million to $20 million. We expect to fund our capital expenditures with our net cash provided by operating activities and cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments on hand.

 

In both the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, each of the EMI’s shareholders, including us, purchased additional shares of the EMI’s convertible preferred stock. We paid an aggregate of $0.7 million in both the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to purchase additional shares. At October 31, 2024, we were committed to purchase additional shares of the EMI’s convertible preferred stock in January 2025 for $0.3 million.

 

 

Purchases of debt securities and equity investments were $12.7 million and $7.8 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $9.9 million and $17.1 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 

Financing Activities

 

In the three months ended October 31, 2024, we paid a cash dividend of $0.05 per share on our Class A and Class B common stock. In the three months ended October 31, 2024, we paid aggregate cash dividends of $1.3 million.

 

We distributed cash of nil and $0.1 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to the noncontrolling interests in certain of our subsidiaries.

 

Our subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc., or IDT Telecom, entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021, with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. As of July 15, 2024 and July 28, 2023, IDT Telecom and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility. In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $14.2 million and $30.3 million , respectively, under the facility. The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom’s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom’s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment. IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of October 31, 2024, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.

 

In the three months ended October 31, 2023, we received cash from the exercise of stock options of $0.2 million for which we issued 12,500 shares of our Class B common stock. There were no stock option exercises in the three months ended October 31, 2024.

 

We have an existing stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of our Class B common stock. In January 2016, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 8.0 million shares in the aggregate. In the three months ended October 31, 2024, we repurchased 37,714 shares of our Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1.3 million. In the three months ended October 31, 2023, we repurchased 125,470 shares of our Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $2.8 million. At October 31, 2024, 4.4 million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.

 

In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, we paid $1.1 million and $15,000, respectively, to repurchase 24,290 and 654 shares, respectively, of our Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of ours to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock and shares issued for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by us based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.

 

Other Sources and Uses of Resources

 

From time to time we consider spin-offs and other potential dispositions of certain of our subsidiaries. A spin-off may include the contribution of a significant amount of cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and/or equity securities to the subsidiary prior to the spin-off, which would reduce our capital resources. There is no assurance that a transaction will be completed.

 

We intend to, where appropriate, make strategic investments and acquisitions to complement, expand, and/or enter into new businesses. In considering acquisitions and investments, we search for opportunities to profitably grow our existing businesses and/or to add qualitatively to the range and diversification of businesses in our portfolio. We cannot guarantee that we will be presented with acquisition opportunities that meet our return-on-investment criteria, or that our efforts to make acquisitions that meet our criteria will be successful.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

 

Foreign Currency Risk

 

Revenues from our international operations were 21% and 26% of our consolidated revenues in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. A significant portion of our revenues is in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Our foreign currency exchange risk is somewhat mitigated by our ability to offset a portion of these non-U.S. Dollar-denominated revenues with operating expenses that are paid in the same currencies. While the impact from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates affects our revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies, the net amount of our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes at the end of each reporting period is generally not material.

 

Investment Risk

 

We hold a portion of our assets in debt and equity securities, including hedge funds, for strategic and speculative purposes. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the value of our debt and equity security holdings was an aggregate of $39.4 million and $35.0 million, respectively, which represented 7% and 6% of our total assets at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, respectively. Investments in debt and equity securities carry a degree of risk and depend to a great extent on correct assessments of the future course of price movements of securities and other instruments. There can be no assurance that our investment managers will be able to accurately predict these price movements. The securities markets have in recent years been characterized by great volatility and unpredictability. Accordingly, the value of our investments may go down as well as up and we may not receive the amounts originally invested upon redemption.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of October 31, 2024.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

 

Legal proceedings in which we are involved are described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

There are no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of our 2024 Form 10-K.

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

The following table provides information with respect to purchases by us of our shares during the first quarter of fiscal 2025:

 

		Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)				Average Price per Share				Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs				Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
August 1-31, 2024			41,758			$	35.44				37,714				4,366,072
September 1–30, 2024			267			$	37.98				—				4,366,072
October 1–31, 2024			19,979			$	47.09				—				4,366,072
Total			62,004			$	39.21				37,714

 

	(1)	Total number of shares purchased includes shares of our Class B common stock that were purchased under our repurchase program, as well as shares of our Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of ours to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock and shares issued for bonus payments. Shares tendered by employees were repurchased by us based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.
	(2)	On January 22, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program to purchase up to 8.0 million shares of our Class B common stock.

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

 

None

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

 

Not applicable

 

Item 5. Other Information

 

None

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

Exhibit Number		Description
31.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to §302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to §302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

 

*	Filed herewith.

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

		IDT CORPORATION
December 10, 2024		By:	/s/ SHMUEL JONAS
			Shmuel Jonas
			Chief Executive Officer
December 10, 2024		By:	/s/ MARCELO FISCHER
			Marcelo Fischer
			Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

I, Shmuel Jonas, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IDT Corporation;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: December 10, 2024

 

	/s/ SHMUEL JONAS
	Shmuel Jonas
	Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 31.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

I, Marcelo Fischer, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IDT Corporation;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: December 10, 2024

 

	/s/ MARCELO FISCHER
	Marcelo Fischer Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 32.1

 

Certification Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350
(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)

 

In connection with the Quarterly Report of IDT Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Shmuel Jonas, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

 

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: December 10, 2024

 

	/s/ SHMUEL JONAS
	Shmuel Jonas Chief Executive Officer

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 32.2

 

Certification Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350
(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)

 

In connection with the Quarterly Report of IDT Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Marcelo Fischer, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

 

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: December 10, 2024

 

	/s/ MARCELO FISCHER
	Marcelo Fischer Chief Financial Officer

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

 

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Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Oct. 31, 2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2025
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--07-31
Entity File Number	1-16371
Entity Registrant Name	IDT CORPORATION
Entity Central Index Key	0001005731
Entity Tax Identification Number	22-3415036
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	520 Broad Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Newark
Entity Address, State or Province	NJ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	07102
City Area Code	(973)
Local Phone Number	438-1000
Title of 12(b) Security	Class B common stock, par value $.01 per share
Trading Symbol	IDT
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Common Class A [Member]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,574,326
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share	$ 0.01
Common Class B [Member]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		23,674,859
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share	$ 0.01

v3.24.3

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 148,019	$ 164,557
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	95,194	90,899
Debt securities	27,274	23,438
Equity investments	5,071	5,009
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $6,634 at October 31, 2024 and $6,352 at July 31, 2024	41,566	42,215
Settlement assets, net of reserve of $1,903 at October 31, 2024 and $1,866 at July 31, 2024	25,245	22,186
Disbursement prefunding	52,041	30,736
Prepaid expenses	12,686	17,558
Other current assets	24,627	25,927
Total current assets	431,723	422,525
Property, plant, and equipment, net	38,944	38,652
Goodwill	26,309	26,288
Other intangibles, net	5,947	6,285
Equity investments	7,092	6,518
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,101	3,273
Deferred income tax assets, net	29,523	35,008
Other assets	11,995	11,546
Total assets	554,634	550,095
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	23,647	24,773
Accrued expenses	92,821	103,176
Deferred revenue	29,321	30,364
Customer funds deposits	94,951	91,893
Settlement liabilities	12,710	12,764
Other current liabilities	16,373	16,374
Total current liabilities	269,823	279,344
Operating lease liabilities	1,566	1,533
Other liabilities	1,058	2,662
Total liabilities	272,447	283,539
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	11,039	10,901
IDT Corporation stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—10,000; no shares issued
Additional paid-in capital	305,918	303,510
Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 4,555 and 4,493 shares of Class B common stock at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, respectively	(128,512)	(126,080)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(19,709)	(18,142)
Retained earnings	102,568	86,580
Total IDT Corporation stockholders’ equity	260,580	246,183
Noncontrolling interests	10,568	9,472
Total equity	271,148	255,655
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity	554,634	550,095
Common Class A [Member]
IDT Corporation stockholders’ equity:
Class B common stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—200,000; 28,229 and 28,177 shares issued and 23,674 and 23,684 shares outstanding at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, respectively	33	33
Common Class B [Member]
IDT Corporation stockholders’ equity:
Class B common stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares—200,000; 28,229 and 28,177 shares issued and 23,674 and 23,684 shares outstanding at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, respectively	$ 282	$ 282

v3.24.3

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable current	$ 6,634	$ 6,352
Settlement assets, net of reserve	$ 1,903	$ 1,866
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000	10,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Common Class A [Member]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	35,000	35,000
Common stock, shares issued	3,272	3,272
Common stock, shares outstanding	1,574	1,574
Treasury stock shares	1,698	1,698
Common Class B [Member]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000	200,000
Common stock, shares issued	28,229	28,177
Common stock, shares outstanding	23,674	23,684
Treasury stock shares	4,555	4,493

v3.24.3

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues		$ 309,566	$ 301,205
Direct cost of revenues		201,939	207,211
Gross profit		107,627	93,994
Operating expenses (gain):
Selling, general and administrative	[1]	71,051	64,378
Technology and development	[1]	12,759	12,410
Severance		177	525
Other operating gain, net (see Note 10)			(484)
Total operating expenses		83,987	76,829
Income from operations		23,640	17,165
Interest income, net		1,428	844
Other expense, net		(283)	(5,586)
Income before income taxes		24,785	12,423
Provision for income taxes		(6,302)	(3,947)
Net income		18,483	8,476
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,234)	(817)
Net income attributable to IDT Corporation		$ 17,249	$ 7,659
Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:
Basic		$ 0.68	$ 0.30
Diluted		$ 0.68	$ 0.30
Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:
Basic		25,204	25,178
Diluted		25,363	25,277
[1] Stock-based compensation included in: Technology and development expense & Selling, general and administrative expense

v3.24.3

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Stock-based compensation		$ 912	$ 771
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Stock-based compensation	[1]	834	641
Technology and Development Expense [Member]
Stock-based compensation	[1]	$ 78	$ 130
[1] Stock-based compensation included in: Technology and development expense & Selling, general and administrative expense

v3.24.3

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net income	$ 18,483	$ 8,476
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities	56	(66)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,623)	631
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,567)	565
Comprehensive income	16,916	9,041
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,234)	(817)
Comprehensive income attributable to IDT Corporation	$ 15,682	$ 8,224

v3.24.3

Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member] Common Class A [Member]	Common Stock [Member] Common Class B [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock, Common [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
Balance at Jul. 31, 2023	$ 199,996	$ 33	$ 279	$ 301,408	$ (115,461)	$ (17,192)	$ 24,662	$ 6,267
Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program	(2,836)				(2,836)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees	(15)				(15)
Stock issued to an executive officer for bonus payment
Stock-based compensation	771			771
Other comprehensive income(loss)	565					565
Net income	8,369						7,659	710
Balance at Oct. 31, 2023	206,967	33	279	302,351	(118,312)	(16,627)	32,321	6,922
Exercise of stock options	172			172
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(55)							(55)
Balance at Jul. 31, 2024	255,655	33	282	303,510	(126,080)	(18,142)	86,580	9,472
Dividends declared ($0.05 per share)	(1,261)						(1,261)
Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program	(1,339)				(1,339)
Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees	(1,093)				(1,093)
Stock issued to an executive officer for bonus payment	1,824			1,824
Stock-based compensation	584			584
Other comprehensive income(loss)	(1,567)					(1,567)
Net income	18,345						17,249	1,096
Balance at Oct. 31, 2024	$ 271,148	$ 33	$ 282	$ 305,918	$ (128,512)	$ (19,709)	$ 102,568	$ 10,568

v3.24.3

Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024 $ / shares
Income Statement [Abstract]
Dividends declared per share	$ 0.05

v3.24.3

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Operating activities
Net income	$ 18,483	$ 8,476
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	5,241	5,047
Deferred income taxes	5,485	3,561
Provision for credit losses, doubtful accounts receivable, and reserve for settlement assets	1,002	759
Stock-based compensation	912	771
Other	692	2,425
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	(200)	(4,572)
Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets	(20,380)	8,250
Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities	(12,771)	(6,285)
Customer funds deposits	2,810	(3,017)
Deferred revenue	(1,110)	(540)
Net cash provided by operating activities	164	14,875
Investing activities
Capital expenditures	(5,278)	(4,322)
Purchase of convertible preferred stock in equity method investment	(673)	(672)
Purchases of debt securities and equity investments	(12,669)	(7,750)
Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments	9,878	17,067
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(8,742)	4,323
Financing activities
Dividends paid	(1,261)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		(55)
Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility	14,243	30,315
Repayment of borrowings under revolving credit facility	(14,243)	(30,315)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		172
Repurchases of Class B common stock	(2,432)	(2,851)
Net cash used in financing activities	(3,693)	(2,734)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents	28	(6,834)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents	(12,243)	9,630
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	255,456	198,823
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	243,213	208,453
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Financing Activities
Shares of the Company’s Class B common stock issued to an executive officer for bonus payment	$ 1,824

v3.24.3

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Table]
Net Income (Loss)	$ 17,249	$ 7,659

v3.24.3

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Arrangements [Line Items]
No insider trading flag	true

v3.24.3

Basis of Presentation	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Note 1—Basis of Presentation   The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “IDT”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended October 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2025. The balance sheet at July 31, 2024 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).   The Company’s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2025 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2025).   As of October 31, 2024, the Company owned 94.0% of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc. (“net2phone 2.0”), which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and 81.5% of the outstanding shares of National Retail Solutions (“NRS”). On a fully diluted basis assuming all the vesting criteria related to various rights granted have been met, the Company would own 90.3% of the equity of net2phone 2.0 and 79.3% of NRS.   Reclassifications   From and after August 1, 2024, the Company reclassified certain customer funds for pending money transfers in its consolidated financial statements. In the consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2024, $8.9 million previously included in “Settlement liabilities” was reclassified to “Customer funds deposits,” and in the consolidated statements of cash flows in the three months ended October 31, 2023, cash used for “Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities” of $0.7 million was reclassified to cash used for “Customer funds deposits”. These amounts were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.   From and after February 1, 2024, the Company reclassified most of its technology and development expenses from “Selling, general and administrative” expense to a new “Technology and development” expense caption in the consolidated statements of income and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to “Direct cost of revenues.” The following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in the three months ended October 31, 2023 to conform to the current period’s presentation:    Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified           (in thousands)         Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:                   Direct cost of revenues   $ 434   Technology and development expenses   $ 12,410   Selling, general and administrative expense   $ 12,410

v3.24.3

Business Segment Information	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Business Segment Information	Note 2—Business Segment Information   The Company has four reportable business segments, NRS, Fintech, net2phone, and Traditional Communications.   The NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide point-of-sale (“POS”) network providing independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS’ POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.   The Fintech segment is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services; and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that processes disbursement payments, and IDT Financial Services Limited (“IDT Financial Services”), the Company’s Gibraltar-based bank.   The net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone’s integrated cloud communications and contact center services.   The Traditional Communications segment includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts: (ii) BOSS Revolution, an international long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and (iii) IDT Global, a wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide. Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses in harvest mode.   The Company’s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations to segments. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.     Corporate costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate governance including Board of Directors’ fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any direct cost of revenues.   Operating results for the business segments of the Company were as follows: Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments   (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions     Fintech     net2phone     Traditional Communications     Corporate     Total   Three Months Ended October 31, 2024                                                 Revenues   $ 30,362     $ 37,070     $ 21,620     $ 220,514     $ —     $ 309,566   Income (loss) from operations     6,613       3,236       999       15,672       (2,880 )     23,640   Depreciation and amortization     (960 )     (735 )     (1,557 )     (1,972 )     (17 )     (5,241 )                                                   Three Months Ended October 31, 2023                                                 Revenues   $ 23,995     $ 26,563     $ 19,927       $$230,720     $ —     $ 301,205   Income (loss) from operations     5,460       (1,383 )     (7 )     15,406       (2,311 )     17,165   Depreciation and amortization     (735 )     (693 )     (1,440 )     (2,148 )     (31 )     (5,047 )

v3.24.3

Revenue Recognition	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue Recognition	Note 3—Revenue Recognition   The Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses that leverage the Company’s core assets. BOSS Money’s and NRS’ revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time, and net2phone’s revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications’ offerings are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company’s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution are sold direct-to-consumer and through distributors and retailers.   Disaggregated Revenues   The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers: Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions   $ 30,362     $ 23,995   BOSS Money     33,693       24,239   Other     3,377       2,324   Total Fintech     37,070       26,563                     net2phone     21,620       19,927   IDT Digital Payments     105,119       100,038   BOSS Revolution     56,842       71,170   IDT Global     52,375       52,034   Other     6,178       7,478                     Total Traditional Communications     220,514       230,720   Total   $ 309,566     $ 301,205   Revenues   $ 309,566     $ 301,205       The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location: Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region  (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions     Fintech     net2phone     Traditional Communications     Total   Three Months Ended October 31, 2024                                         United States   $ 30,362     $ 35,889     $ 12,293     $ 165,221     $ 243,765   Outside the United States:                                         United Kingdom     —       —       —       47,957       47,957   Other     —       1,181       9,327       7,336       17,844                                             Total outside the United States     —       1,181       9,327       55,293       65,801                                             Total   $ 30,362     $ 37,070     $ 21,620     $ 220,514     $ 309,566     (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions     Fintech     net2phone     Traditional Communications     Total   Three Months Ended October 31, 2023                                         United States   $ 23,995     $ 25,834     $ 10,688     $ 163,068     $ 223,585   Outside the United States:                                         United Kingdom     —       —       —       58,843       58,843   Other     —       729       9,239       8,809       18,777                                             Total outside the United States     —       729       9,239       67,652       77,620                                             Total   $ 23,995     $ 26,563     $ 19,927     $ 230,720     $ 301,205   Revenues   $ 23,995     $ 26,563     $ 19,927     $ 230,720     $ 301,205     Remaining Performance Obligations   The following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of October 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less. Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment  (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions     net2phone     Total   Twelve-month period ending October 31:                         2025   $ 6,920     $ 39,399     $ 46,319   2026     5,743       19,095       24,838   Thereafter     5,545       7,284       12,829                             Total   $ 18,208     $ 65,778     $ 83,986     Accounts Receivable and Contract Balances   The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company’s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract assets.   Contract liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in the contract. The Company’s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as “Deferred revenue”.   The following table presents information about the Company’s contract liability balance: Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities       2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period   $ 13,600     $ 16,089       Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs   The Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover. The Company’s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs, the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred.   The Company’s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged to expense as incurred.   The Company’s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows: Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other current assets”   $ 4,948     $ 4,823   Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other assets”     4,549       4,276                     Total   $ 9,497     $ 9,099     The Company’s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows: Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs   $ 1,498     $ 1,215

v3.24.3

Leases	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Leases
Leases	Note 4—Leases   The Company’s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than one year to approximately five years. Certain of these leases contain renewal options that may be exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The Company has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any of these options.   Supplemental disclosures related to the Company’s operating leases were as follows: Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company’s Operating Leases      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Operating lease cost   $ 601     $ 758   Short-term lease cost     258       326                     Total lease cost   $ 859     $ 1,084                     Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:                 Operating cash flows from operating leases   $ 614     $ 791   Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases   $ 614     $ 791     Schedule of Supplemental Disclosure Related Weighted Average Operating Leases      October 31, 2024       July 31, 2024     Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases     2.5 years       2.6 years   Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases     5.7 %     5.6 %   In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.   The Company’s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows: Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Operating lease liabilities included in “Other current liabilities”   $ 1,640     $ 1,866   Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities     1,566       1,533                     Total   $ 3,206     $ 3,399       Future minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows: Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities  (in thousands)       Twelve-month period ending October 31:       2025   $ 1,768   2026     801   2027     500   2028     198   2029     186   Thereafter     15   Total lease payments     3,468   Less imputed interest     (262 ) Total operating lease liabilities   $ 3,206

v3.24.3

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	Note 5—Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents   The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows: Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Cash and cash equivalents   $ 148,019     $ 164,557   Restricted cash and cash equivalents     95,194       90,899                     Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents   $ 243,213     $ 255,456     Restricted cash and cash equivalents included the following: Schedule of Restricted Cash And Cash Equivalents     October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   IDT Financial Services (Gibraltar)   $ 79,747     $ 83,284   Disbursement payments VIE     15,289       7,426   Other     158       189                     Total restricted cash and cash equivalents   $ 95,194     $ 90,899     Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction. In addition, the VIE is contractually required to use customer funds only for the customers’ pending money disbursements.

v3.24.3

Debt Securities	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Debt Securities	Note 6—Debt Securities   The following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities: Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities      Amortized Cost     Gross Unrealized Gains     Gross Unrealized Losses     Fair Value       (in thousands)   October 31, 2024:                         U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 20,568     $ 16     $ (52 )   $ 20,532   Government sponsored enterprise notes     3,342       1       —       3,343   Corporate bonds     3,688       1       (290 )     3,399                                                          Total   $ 27,598     $ 18     $ (342 )   $ 27,274                                     July 31, 2024:                                 U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 16,641     $ 10     $ (66 )   $ 16,585   Government sponsored enterprise notes     3,356       —       (3 )     3,353   Corporate bonds     3,821       1       (322 )     3,500                                     Total   $ 23,818     $ 11     $ (391 )   $ 23,438       The gross unrealized losses in the table above are recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the consolidated balance sheets. As of October 31, 2024, the Company determined that the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates or market liquidity and were not due to credit losses. In addition, as of October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company did not intend to sell any of the securities with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery of the unrealized losses, which may be at maturity.   Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $9.9 million and $17.1 million in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the realized gains and realized losses on the sales of debt securities.     The contractual maturities of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities at October 31, 2024 were as follows: Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities      Fair Value         (in thousands)   Within one year   $ 20,752   After one year through five years     5,562   After five years through ten years     923   After ten years     37             Total   $ 27,274     The following table includes the fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position:  Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position      Unrealized Losses     Fair Value       (in thousands)   October 31, 2024:             U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 52     $ 11,915   Corporate bonds     290       3,280                                   Total   $ 342     $ 15,195                     July 31, 2024:                 U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 66     $ 12,936   Government sponsored enterprise notes     3       2,634   Corporate bonds     322       3,310                     Total   $ 391     $ 18,880     The following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer: Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer      Unrealized Losses     Fair Value       (in thousands)   October 31, 2024:             U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 42     $ 2,306   Corporate bonds     275       3,108                                Total   $ 317     $ 5,414                     July 31, 2024:                 U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 60     $ 4,827   Corporate bonds     307       3,209                     Total   $ 367     $ 8,036

v3.24.3

Equity Investments	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Equity Investments	Note 7—Equity Investments   Equity investments consist of the following:  Schedule of Equity Investments      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, 42,282 shares at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024   $ 130     $ 153   Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, 278,810 shares at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024     516       416   Other marketable equity securities     53       70   Fixed income mutual funds     4,372       4,370                     Current equity investments   $ 5,071     $ 5,009                     Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (“Visa Series C Preferred”)   $ 758     $ 695   Visa Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (“Visa Series A Preferred”)     —       877   Convertible preferred stock—equity method investment     1,231       1,338   Hedge funds     2,878       2,883   Other     2,225       725   Noncurrent equity investments   $ 7,092     $ 6,518     Howard S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company and the Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors is also the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Zedge, Inc. and the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael Holdings, Inc.   In June 2016, upon the acquisition of Visa Europe Limited by Visa, Inc. (“Visa”), IDT Financial Services received 1,830 shares of Visa Series C Preferred among other consideration. In July 2024, in connection with Visa’s mandatory release assessment, the Company received 33 shares of Visa’s Series A Preferred. In August 2024, the 33 shares of Visa Series A Preferred were converted into 3,300 shares of Visa Class A common stock, which the Company sold for $0.9 million.   The changes in the carrying value of the Company’s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company elected the measurement alternative was as follows:  Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Balance, beginning of period   $ 964     $ 1,632   Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer     63       (14 ) Upward adjustment     —       129   Impairments     —       —                     Balance, end of the period   $ 1,027     $ 1,747     The Company adjusted the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held based on the fair value of Visa Class A common stock, including a discount for lack of current marketability, which is classified as “Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer” in the table above. The Certificate of Designation with respect to the shares of Visa Series C Preferred restricts the transferability of the shares, there is no public market for the shares, and none is expected to develop. The shares become fully convertible into shares of Visa Class A common stock in June 2028. In addition, in the three months ended October 31, 2023, in connection with the acquisition of Regal Bancorp by SR Bancorp, the Company adjusted the carrying value of its shares of Regal Bancorp common stock.   Unrealized gains (losses) for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:  Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,         2024     2023       (in thousands)   Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments   $ 378     $ (917 ) Plus: net loss recognized during the period on equity investment sold during the period     2       —                     Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date   $ 380     $ (917 )     The unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:       2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:                           Rafael Class B common stock   $ 100     $ (62 )                   Zedge Class B common stock   $ (23 )   $ (8 ) Equity securities unrealized gain loss   $ (23 )   $ (8 )   Equity Method Investment   The Company has an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or “EMI”). As of both October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company’s ownership was 33.4% of the EMI’s outstanding shares on an as converted basis. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but does not have a controlling interest.   The Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI’s shares, there were differences between its investment in the EMI and its proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $8.2 million, which represented the share of the EMI’s customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company’s interest in the EMI. These basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list. In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the net loss of investee, which is recorded in “Other expense, net” (see Note 17).   In both the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, each of the EMI’s shareholders, including the Company, purchased additional shares of the EMI’s convertible preferred stock. At October 31, 2024, the Company was committed to purchase additional shares of the EMI’s convertible preferred stock in January 2025 for $0.3 million.   The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s equity method investment:  Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Balance, beginning of period   $ 1,338     $ 2,784   Purchase of convertible preferred stock     673       672   Equity in the net loss of investee     (438 )     (670 ) Amortization of equity method basis difference     (342 )     (342 )                   Balance, end of period   $ 1,231     $ 2,444

v3.24.3

Fair Value Measurements	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Note 8—Fair Value Measurements   The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:  Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis     Level 1 (1)     Level 2 (2)     Level 3 (3)     Total       (in thousands)   October 31, 2024                                 Debt securities   $ 20,532     $ 6,742     $ —     $ 27,274   Equity investments included in current assets     5,071       —       —       5,071   Equity investments included in noncurrent assets     —       2,000       758       2,758                                     Total   $ 25,603     $ 8,742     $ 758     $ 35,103                                     Acquisition consideration included in:                                 Other current liabilities   $ —     $ —     $ (290 )   $ (290 ) Other noncurrent liabilities     —       —       (616 )     (616 )                                   Total   $ —     $ —     $ (906 )   $ (906 )                                   July 31, 2024                                 Debt securities   $ 16,585     $ 6,853     $ —     $ 23,438   Equity investments included in current assets     5,009       —       —       5,009   Equity investments included in noncurrent assets     —       1,377       695       2,072                                     Total   $ 21,594     $ 8,230     $ 695     $ 30,519                                     Acquisition consideration included in:                                 Other current liabilities   $ —     $ —     $ (222 )   $ (222 ) Other noncurrent liabilities     —       —       (684 )     (684 )                                   Total   $ —     $ —     $ (906 )   $ (906 )   (1) – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (2) – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (3) – no observable pricing inputs in the market     At both October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company had $2.9 million in investments in hedge funds, which were included in noncurrent “Equity investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s investments in hedge funds were accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.   The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):  Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)     2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Balance, beginning of period   $ 695     $ 1,263   Total gain (loss) included in “Other expense, net”     63       (14 )                   Balance, end of period   $ 758     $ 1,249                     Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period   $ —     $ —     The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):  Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)     2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Balance, beginning of period   $ 906     $ 4,805   Payments     —       (214 ) Total gain included in                 “Foreign currency translation adjustment”     —       (3 )                   Balance, end of period   $ 906     $ 4,588                     Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period   $ —     $ —     In the three months ended October 31, 2023, the Company paid an aggregate of $0.2 million in contingent consideration related to a prior acquisition.   Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments   The estimated fair value of the Company’s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.   Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, other current assets, customer funds deposits, settlement liabilities, and other current liabilities. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents were classified as Level 1 and settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, other current assets, customer funds deposits, settlement liabilities, and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.     Other assets and other liabilities. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company’s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

v3.24.3

Variable Interest Entity	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Variable Interest Entity	Note 9—Variable Interest Entity   The Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE that processes disbursement payments. The Company determined that, effective May 31, 2021, it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and the Company has the obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to it. As a result, the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus the net income incurred by the VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.   The VIE’s net income and aggregate funding provided by the Company were as follows: Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Net income of the VIE   $ 338     $ 81                     Aggregate funding provided by the Company, net   $ 55     $ 114     The VIE’s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows: VIE’s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Assets:                 Cash and equivalents   $ 3,055     $ 2,626   Restricted cash     15,289       7,426   Trade accounts receivable, net     127       74   Disbursement prefunding     1,323       2,587   Prepaid expenses     359       258   Other current assets     265       294   Property, plant, and equipment, net     163       179   Other intangibles, net     546       584                     Total assets   $ 21,127     $ 14,028                     Liabilities and noncontrolling interests:                 Trade accounts payable   $ —     $ 4   Accrued expenses     160       124   Customer funds deposits     15,882       9,195   Due to the Company     296       241   Accumulated other comprehensive income     14       27   Noncontrolling interests     4,775       4,437                     Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests   $ 21,127     $ 14,028     The VIE’s assets may only be used to settle the VIE’s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE’s liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company’s other consolidated entities.

v3.24.3

Other Operating Gain, Net	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Other Operating Gain, Net	Note 10—Other Operating Gain, Net   The following table summarizes the other operating gain, net by business segment: Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Corporate—Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees   $ —     $ (212 ) Corporate—Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims     —       684   Corporate—other     —       12                     Total   $ —     $ 484       Straight Path Communications Inc. Class Action   As discussed in Note 16, the Company (as well as other defendants) was named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of the Company’s former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (“Straight Path”). The Company incurred legal fees and recorded offsetting gains from insurance claims related to this action in the three months ended October 31, 2023. In fiscal 2024, the Company received the final payment from its insurance policy for these claims. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs’ allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.

v3.24.3

Revolving Credit Facility	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Revolving Credit Facility	Note 11—Revolving Credit Facility   The Company’s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (“IDT Telecom”), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021, with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. As of July 15, 2024 and July 28, 2023, IDT Telecom and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements and for certain closing costs of the facility. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility. In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $14.2 million and $30.3 million, respectively, under the facility. The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom’s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom’s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment. IDT Telecom is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit facility. As of October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.

v3.24.3

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	Note 12—Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest   On September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing 2.5% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (“Alta Fox”) for cash of $10 million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS’ securities, or (iii) a distribution of NRS’ capital stock following which NRS’ common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.   The shares of NRS’ Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity’s noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:  Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity’s Noncontrolling Interest      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity’s noncontrolling interest   $ 138     $ 107

v3.24.3

Equity	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Equity:
Equity	Note 13—Equity   Dividend Payments   In the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.05 per share on the Company’s Class A and Class B common stock. In the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company paid aggregate cash dividends of $1.3 million.   Stock Repurchases   The Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s Class B common stock. In January 2016, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 8.0 million shares in the aggregate. In the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 37,714 shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1.3 million. In the three months ended October 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 125,470 shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $2.8 million. At October 31, 2024, 4.4 million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.   In the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid $1.1 million and $15,000, respectively, to repurchase 24,290 and 654 shares, respectively, of the Company’s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock and shares issued for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.   Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Abilio (“Bill”) Pereira   On December 21, 2023, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bill Pereira, the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer. The agreement provides for, among other things, certain equity grants and a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial milestones as set forth in the agreement. In October 2024, the Company issued to Mr. Pereira 39,155 shares of its Class B common stock with an issue date value of $1.8 million in connection with the achievement of one of these milestones.

v3.24.3

Earnings Per Share	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:
Earnings Per Share	Note 14— Earnings Per Share   Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increase is anti-dilutive.     The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders consists of the following:   Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share     2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Basic weighted-average number of shares     25,204       25,178   Effect of dilutive securities:                 Stock options     —       3   Non-vested restricted Class B common stock     159       96                     Diluted weighted-average number of shares     25,363       25,277     There were no shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three months ended October 31, 2024 and 2023.

v3.24.3

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Equity:
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Note 15—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss   The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:  Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)     Unrealized Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities     Foreign Currency Translation     Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss       (in thousands)   Balance, July 31, 2024   $ (380 )   $ (17,762 )   $ (18,142 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation     56       (1,623 )     (1,567 )                                                                                         Balance, October 31, 2024   $ (324 )   $ (19,385 )   $ (19,709 )

v3.24.3

Commitments and Contingencies	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Note 16—Commitments and Contingencies   Legal Proceedings   On July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and derivatively on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court of Chancery”) against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record and beneficial ownership of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path’s directors. The complaint alleged that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties to Straight Path in connection with the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential indemnification claims concerning Straight Path’s obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), as well as the sale of Straight Path’s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc. to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated with a similar action that was initiated by The Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs sought, among other things, (i) a declaration that the action may be maintained as a class action or in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding damages for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications Inc. for their shares of Straight Path’s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company to disgorge any profits for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The trial was held in August and December 2022, and closing arguments were presented on May 3, 2023. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs’ allegations, the class suffered no damages. On July 22, 2024, oral argument was held in the Court of Chancery on the issue of attorney’s fees sought by plaintiff’s counsel against Howard S. Jonas. On October 29, 2024, the Court of Chancery issued a Memorandum Opinion denying plaintiff’s counsel’s request for attorney’s fees. The parties are drafting the final order that will be submitted to the Court of Chancery for approval and entry. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.   In addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.     Sales Tax Contingency   On June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful it could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company’s operations, and if such changes were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and operating results.   Regulatory Fees Audit   The Company’s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reported its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”). The USAC’s final decision imposed a $2.9 million charge on the Company for the Federal Telecommunications Relay Service (“TRS”) Fund. The Company has appealed the USAC’s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. The Company has made certain changes to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company’s accrued expenses included $24.4 million and $25.9 million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.   Purchase Commitments   At October 31, 2024, the Company had purchase commitments of $1.3 million primarily for equipment and services.   Performance Bonds   The Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states’ financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024, the Company had aggregate performance bonds outstanding of $33.2 million $32.4 million, respectively. The increase in the performance bonds was due to increased money remittance transactions in the three months ended October 31, 2024 compared to prior periods.

v3.24.3

Other Expense, Net	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Other Expense, Net	Note 17—Other Expense, Net   Other expense, net consists of the following:  Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net     2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)   $ 135     $ (3,499 ) Equity in net loss of investee     (780 )     (1,012 ) Gains (losses) on investments     378       (917 ) Other     (16 )     (158 )                   Total   $ (283 )   $ (5,586 )

v3.24.3

Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Note 18—Income Taxes   The Company’s income tax expense in the three months ended October 31, 2024 was based on an effective tax rate of 25.4% compared to 28.2% for fiscal 2024. The change in the estimated effective tax rate was mainly due to differences in the amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.

v3.24.3

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted	Note 19—Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted   In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), to improve the disclosures about an entity’s expenses including more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. At each interim and annual reporting period, entities will disclose in tabular format disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying relevant income statement captions, as well as the total amount of selling expense and a description of the composition of its selling expense. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2027. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.   In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.   In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60), Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value, with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things, the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions, dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

v3.24.3

Basis of Presentation (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Reclassifications	Reclassifications   From and after August 1, 2024, the Company reclassified certain customer funds for pending money transfers in its consolidated financial statements. In the consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2024, $8.9 million previously included in “Settlement liabilities” was reclassified to “Customer funds deposits,” and in the consolidated statements of cash flows in the three months ended October 31, 2023, cash used for “Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities” of $0.7 million was reclassified to cash used for “Customer funds deposits”. These amounts were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.   From and after February 1, 2024, the Company reclassified most of its technology and development expenses from “Selling, general and administrative” expense to a new “Technology and development” expense caption in the consolidated statements of income and reclassified an amount that was immaterial in all periods to “Direct cost of revenues.” The following table shows the amounts that were reclassified in the three months ended October 31, 2023 to conform to the current period’s presentation:    Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified           (in thousands)         Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:                   Direct cost of revenues   $ 434   Technology and development expenses   $ 12,410   Selling, general and administrative expense   $ 12,410

v3.24.3

Basis of Presentation (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified	Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified           (in thousands)         Selling, general and administrative expense reclassified to:                   Direct cost of revenues   $ 434   Technology and development expenses   $ 12,410   Selling, general and administrative expense   $ 12,410

v3.24.3

Business Segment Information (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments	Operating results for the business segments of the Company were as follows: Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments   (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions     Fintech     net2phone     Traditional Communications     Corporate     Total   Three Months Ended October 31, 2024                                                 Revenues   $ 30,362     $ 37,070     $ 21,620     $ 220,514     $ —     $ 309,566   Income (loss) from operations     6,613       3,236       999       15,672       (2,880 )     23,640   Depreciation and amortization     (960 )     (735 )     (1,557 )     (1,972 )     (17 )     (5,241 )                                                   Three Months Ended October 31, 2023                                                 Revenues   $ 23,995     $ 26,563     $ 19,927       $$230,720     $ —     $ 301,205   Income (loss) from operations     5,460       (1,383 )     (7 )     15,406       (2,311 )     17,165   Depreciation and amortization     (735 )     (693 )     (1,440 )     (2,148 )     (31 )     (5,047 )

v3.24.3

Revenue Recognition (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers	The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers: Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions   $ 30,362     $ 23,995   BOSS Money     33,693       24,239   Other     3,377       2,324   Total Fintech     37,070       26,563                     net2phone     21,620       19,927   IDT Digital Payments     105,119       100,038   BOSS Revolution     56,842       71,170   IDT Global     52,375       52,034   Other     6,178       7,478                     Total Traditional Communications     220,514       230,720   Total   $ 309,566     $ 301,205   Revenues   $ 309,566     $ 301,205
Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region	The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location: Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region  (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions     Fintech     net2phone     Traditional Communications     Total   Three Months Ended October 31, 2024                                         United States   $ 30,362     $ 35,889     $ 12,293     $ 165,221     $ 243,765   Outside the United States:                                         United Kingdom     —       —       —       47,957       47,957   Other     —       1,181       9,327       7,336       17,844                                             Total outside the United States     —       1,181       9,327       55,293       65,801                                             Total   $ 30,362     $ 37,070     $ 21,620     $ 220,514     $ 309,566     (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions     Fintech     net2phone     Traditional Communications     Total   Three Months Ended October 31, 2023                                         United States   $ 23,995     $ 25,834     $ 10,688     $ 163,068     $ 223,585   Outside the United States:                                         United Kingdom     —       —       —       58,843       58,843   Other     —       729       9,239       8,809       18,777                                             Total outside the United States     —       729       9,239       67,652       77,620                                             Total   $ 23,995     $ 26,563     $ 19,927     $ 230,720     $ 301,205   Revenues   $ 23,995     $ 26,563     $ 19,927     $ 230,720     $ 301,205
Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment	The following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of October 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less. Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment  (in thousands)   National Retail Solutions     net2phone     Total   Twelve-month period ending October 31:                         2025   $ 6,920     $ 39,399     $ 46,319   2026     5,743       19,095       24,838   Thereafter     5,545       7,284       12,829                             Total   $ 18,208     $ 65,778     $ 83,986
Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities	The following table presents information about the Company’s contract liability balance: Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities       2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period   $ 13,600     $ 16,089
Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs	The Company’s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows: Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other current assets”   $ 4,948     $ 4,823   Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other assets”     4,549       4,276                     Total   $ 9,497     $ 9,099
Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs	The Company’s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows: Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs   $ 1,498     $ 1,215

v3.24.3

Leases (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Leases
Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company’s Operating Leases	Supplemental disclosures related to the Company’s operating leases were as follows: Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company’s Operating Leases      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Operating lease cost   $ 601     $ 758   Short-term lease cost     258       326                     Total lease cost   $ 859     $ 1,084                     Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:                 Operating cash flows from operating leases   $ 614     $ 791   Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases   $ 614     $ 791
Schedule of Supplemental Disclosure Related Weighted Average Operating Leases	Schedule of Supplemental Disclosure Related Weighted Average Operating Leases      October 31, 2024       July 31, 2024     Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases     2.5 years       2.6 years   Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases     5.7 %     5.6 %
Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability	The Company’s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows: Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Operating lease liabilities included in “Other current liabilities”   $ 1,640     $ 1,866   Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities     1,566       1,533                     Total   $ 3,206     $ 3,399
Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities	Future minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows: Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities  (in thousands)       Twelve-month period ending October 31:       2025   $ 1,768   2026     801   2027     500   2028     198   2029     186   Thereafter     15   Total lease payments     3,468   Less imputed interest     (262 ) Total operating lease liabilities   $ 3,206

v3.24.3

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents	The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows: Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Cash and cash equivalents   $ 148,019     $ 164,557   Restricted cash and cash equivalents     95,194       90,899                     Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents   $ 243,213     $ 255,456
Schedule of Restricted Cash And Cash Equivalents	Restricted cash and cash equivalents included the following: Schedule of Restricted Cash And Cash Equivalents     October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   IDT Financial Services (Gibraltar)   $ 79,747     $ 83,284   Disbursement payments VIE     15,289       7,426   Other     158       189                     Total restricted cash and cash equivalents   $ 95,194     $ 90,899

v3.24.3

Debt Securities (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities	The following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities: Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities      Amortized Cost     Gross Unrealized Gains     Gross Unrealized Losses     Fair Value       (in thousands)   October 31, 2024:                         U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 20,568     $ 16     $ (52 )   $ 20,532   Government sponsored enterprise notes     3,342       1       —       3,343   Corporate bonds     3,688       1       (290 )     3,399                                                          Total   $ 27,598     $ 18     $ (342 )   $ 27,274                                     July 31, 2024:                                 U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 16,641     $ 10     $ (66 )   $ 16,585   Government sponsored enterprise notes     3,356       —       (3 )     3,353   Corporate bonds     3,821       1       (322 )     3,500                                     Total   $ 23,818     $ 11     $ (391 )   $ 23,438
Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities	The contractual maturities of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities at October 31, 2024 were as follows: Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities      Fair Value         (in thousands)   Within one year   $ 20,752   After one year through five years     5,562   After five years through ten years     923   After ten years     37             Total   $ 27,274
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position	The following table includes the fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position:  Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position      Unrealized Losses     Fair Value       (in thousands)   October 31, 2024:             U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 52     $ 11,915   Corporate bonds     290       3,280                                   Total   $ 342     $ 15,195                     July 31, 2024:                 U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 66     $ 12,936   Government sponsored enterprise notes     3       2,634   Corporate bonds     322       3,310                     Total   $ 391     $ 18,880
Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer	The following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer: Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer      Unrealized Losses     Fair Value       (in thousands)   October 31, 2024:             U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 42     $ 2,306   Corporate bonds     275       3,108                                Total   $ 317     $ 5,414                     July 31, 2024:                 U.S. Treasury bills and notes   $ 60     $ 4,827   Corporate bonds     307       3,209                     Total   $ 367     $ 8,036

v3.24.3

Equity Investments (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Schedule of Equity Investments	Equity investments consist of the following:  Schedule of Equity Investments      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, 42,282 shares at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024   $ 130     $ 153   Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, 278,810 shares at October 31, 2024 and July 31, 2024     516       416   Other marketable equity securities     53       70   Fixed income mutual funds     4,372       4,370                     Current equity investments   $ 5,071     $ 5,009                     Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (“Visa Series C Preferred”)   $ 758     $ 695   Visa Inc. Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (“Visa Series A Preferred”)     —       877   Convertible preferred stock—equity method investment     1,231       1,338   Hedge funds     2,878       2,883   Other     2,225       725   Noncurrent equity investments   $ 7,092     $ 6,518
Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments	The changes in the carrying value of the Company’s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company elected the measurement alternative was as follows:  Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Balance, beginning of period   $ 964     $ 1,632   Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer     63       (14 ) Upward adjustment     —       129   Impairments     —       —                     Balance, end of the period   $ 1,027     $ 1,747
Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments	Unrealized gains (losses) for all equity investments measured at fair value included the following:  Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,         2024     2023       (in thousands)   Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments   $ 378     $ (917 ) Plus: net loss recognized during the period on equity investment sold during the period     2       —                     Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date   $ 380     $ (917 )     The unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:       2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:                           Rafael Class B common stock   $ 100     $ (62 )                   Zedge Class B common stock   $ (23 )   $ (8 ) Equity securities unrealized gain loss   $ (23 )   $ (8 )
Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments	The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s equity method investment:  Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Balance, beginning of period   $ 1,338     $ 2,784   Purchase of convertible preferred stock     673       672   Equity in the net loss of investee     (438 )     (670 ) Amortization of equity method basis difference     (342 )     (342 )                   Balance, end of period   $ 1,231     $ 2,444

v3.24.3

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis	The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:  Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis     Level 1 (1)     Level 2 (2)     Level 3 (3)     Total       (in thousands)   October 31, 2024                                 Debt securities   $ 20,532     $ 6,742     $ —     $ 27,274   Equity investments included in current assets     5,071       —       —       5,071   Equity investments included in noncurrent assets     —       2,000       758       2,758                                     Total   $ 25,603     $ 8,742     $ 758     $ 35,103                                     Acquisition consideration included in:                                 Other current liabilities   $ —     $ —     $ (290 )   $ (290 ) Other noncurrent liabilities     —       —       (616 )     (616 )                                   Total   $ —     $ —     $ (906 )   $ (906 )                                   July 31, 2024                                 Debt securities   $ 16,585     $ 6,853     $ —     $ 23,438   Equity investments included in current assets     5,009       —       —       5,009   Equity investments included in noncurrent assets     —       1,377       695       2,072                                     Total   $ 21,594     $ 8,230     $ 695     $ 30,519                                     Acquisition consideration included in:                                 Other current liabilities   $ —     $ —     $ (222 )   $ (222 ) Other noncurrent liabilities     —       —       (684 )     (684 )                                   Total   $ —     $ —     $ (906 )   $ (906 )   (1) – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (2) – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (3) – no observable pricing inputs in the market
Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)	The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):  Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)     2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Balance, beginning of period   $ 695     $ 1,263   Total gain (loss) included in “Other expense, net”     63       (14 )                   Balance, end of period   $ 758     $ 1,249                     Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period   $ —     $ —
Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)	The following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):  Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)     2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Balance, beginning of period   $ 906     $ 4,805   Payments     —       (214 ) Total gain included in                 “Foreign currency translation adjustment”     —       (3 )                   Balance, end of period   $ 906     $ 4,588                     Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period   $ —     $ —

v3.24.3

Variable Interest Entity (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE	The VIE’s net income and aggregate funding provided by the Company were as follows: Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Net income of the VIE   $ 338     $ 81                     Aggregate funding provided by the Company, net   $ 55     $ 114
VIE’s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet	The VIE’s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows: VIE’s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet      October 31, 2024     July 31, 2024       (in thousands)   Assets:                 Cash and equivalents   $ 3,055     $ 2,626   Restricted cash     15,289       7,426   Trade accounts receivable, net     127       74   Disbursement prefunding     1,323       2,587   Prepaid expenses     359       258   Other current assets     265       294   Property, plant, and equipment, net     163       179   Other intangibles, net     546       584                     Total assets   $ 21,127     $ 14,028                     Liabilities and noncontrolling interests:                 Trade accounts payable   $ —     $ 4   Accrued expenses     160       124   Customer funds deposits     15,882       9,195   Due to the Company     296       241   Accumulated other comprehensive income     14       27   Noncontrolling interests     4,775       4,437                     Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests   $ 21,127     $ 14,028

v3.24.3

Other Operating Gain, Net (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net	The following table summarizes the other operating gain, net by business segment: Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Corporate—Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees   $ —     $ (212 ) Corporate—Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims     —       684   Corporate—other     —       12                     Total   $ —     $ 484

v3.24.3

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity’s Noncontrolling Interest	Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity’s Noncontrolling Interest      2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity’s noncontrolling interest   $ 138     $ 107

v3.24.3

Earnings Per Share (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:
Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share	The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders consists of the following:   Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share     2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Basic weighted-average number of shares     25,204       25,178   Effect of dilutive securities:                 Stock options     —       3   Non-vested restricted Class B common stock     159       96                     Diluted weighted-average number of shares     25,363       25,277

v3.24.3

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Equity:
Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)	The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:  Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)     Unrealized Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities     Foreign Currency Translation     Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss       (in thousands)   Balance, July 31, 2024   $ (380 )   $ (17,762 )   $ (18,142 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation     56       (1,623 )     (1,567 )                                                                                         Balance, October 31, 2024   $ (324 )   $ (19,385 )   $ (19,709 )

v3.24.3

Other Expense, Net (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net	Other expense, net consists of the following:  Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net     2024     2023       Three Months Ended October 31,       2024     2023       (in thousands)   Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)   $ 135     $ (3,499 ) Equity in net loss of investee     (780 )     (1,012 ) Gains (losses) on investments     378       (917 ) Other     (16 )     (158 )                   Total   $ (283 )   $ (5,586 )

v3.24.3

Schedule of Amount that were Reclassified (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Product Information [Line Items]
Selling, general and administrative expense	[1]	$ 71,051	$ 64,378
Previously Reported [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Selling, general and administrative expense		434
Previously Reported [Member] | Technology and Development Expense [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Selling, general and administrative expense		$ 12,410
[1] Stock-based compensation included in: Technology and development expense & Selling, general and administrative expense

v3.24.3

Basis of Presentation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2024
Settlement liabilities	$ 12,710		$ 12,764
Customer funds deposits	$ (12,771)	$ (6,285)
Previously Reported [Member]
Settlement liabilities			$ 8,900
Customer funds deposits		$ 700
net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]
Ownership percentage	94.00%
Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage	90.30%
National Retail Solutions [Member]
Ownership percentage	81.50%
Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage	79.30%

v3.24.3

Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 309,566	$ 301,205
Income (loss) from operations	23,640	17,165
Depreciation and amortization	(5,241)	(5,047)
National Retail Solutions [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	30,362	23,995
Income (loss) from operations	6,613	5,460
Depreciation and amortization	(960)	(735)
Fintech [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	37,070	26,563
Income (loss) from operations	3,236	(1,383)
Depreciation and amortization	(735)	(693)
Net2 phone [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	21,620	19,927
Income (loss) from operations	999	(7)
Depreciation and amortization	(1,557)	(1,440)
Traditional Communications [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	220,514	230,720
Income (loss) from operations	15,672	15,406
Depreciation and amortization	(1,972)	(2,148)
Corporate Segment [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues
Income (loss) from operations	(2,880)	(2,311)
Depreciation and amortization	$ (17)	$ (31)

v3.24.3

Business Segment Information (Details Narrative)	15 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024 Segments
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	4

v3.24.3

Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 309,566	$ 301,205
National Retail Solutions [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	30,362	23,995
Fintech [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	37,070	26,563
Fintech [Member] | BOSS Revolution Money Transfer [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	33,693	24,239
Fintech [Member] | Other [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	3,377	2,324
Net2 phone [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	21,620	19,927
Traditional Communications [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	220,514	230,720
Traditional Communications [Member] | Other [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	6,178	7,478
Traditional Communications [Member] | IDT Digital Payments [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	105,119	100,038
Traditional Communications [Member] | BOSS Revolution [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	56,842	71,170
Traditional Communications [Member] | IDT Global [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 52,375	$ 52,034

v3.24.3

Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 309,566	$ 301,205
National Retail Solutions [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	30,362	23,995
Fintech [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	37,070	26,563
Net2 phone [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	21,620	19,927
Traditional Communications [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	220,514	230,720
UNITED STATES
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	243,765	223,585
UNITED STATES | National Retail Solutions [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	30,362	23,995
UNITED STATES | Fintech [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	35,889	25,834
UNITED STATES | Net2 phone [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	12,293	10,688
UNITED STATES | Traditional Communications [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	165,221	163,068
UNITED KINGDOM
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	47,957	58,843
UNITED KINGDOM | National Retail Solutions [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues
UNITED KINGDOM | Fintech [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues
UNITED KINGDOM | Net2 phone [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues
UNITED KINGDOM | Traditional Communications [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	47,957	58,843
Others [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	17,844	18,777
Others [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues
Others [Member] | Fintech [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,181	729
Others [Member] | Net2 phone [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,327	9,239
Others [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	7,336	8,809
Non-US [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	65,801	77,620
Non-US [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues
Non-US [Member] | Fintech [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,181	729
Non-US [Member] | Net2 phone [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,327	9,239
Non-US [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 55,293	$ 67,652

v3.24.3

Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment (Details) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-31
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	$ 83,986
Remaining Performance Obligations, Years	0 years
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	$ 46,319
Remaining Performance Obligations, Years	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	$ 24,838
Remaining Performance Obligations, Years	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	$ 12,829
Remaining Performance Obligations, Years	0 years
National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-31
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	$ 18,208
National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	6,920
National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	5,743
National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	5,545
Net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-31
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	65,778
Net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	39,399
Net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	19,095
Net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-11-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Total	$ 7,284

v3.24.3

Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period	$ 13,600	$ 16,089

v3.24.3

Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other current assets”	$ 4,948	$ 4,823
Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other assets”	4,549	4,276
Total	$ 9,497	$ 9,099

v3.24.3

Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs	$ 1,498	$ 1,215

v3.24.3

Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company’s Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Leases
Operating lease cost	$ 601	$ 758
Short-term lease cost	258	326
Total lease cost	859	1,084
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 614	$ 791

v3.24.3

Schedule of Supplemental Disclosure Related Weighted Average Operating Leases (Details)	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Leases
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	2 years 6 months	2 years 7 months 6 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	5.70%	5.60%

v3.24.3

Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Leases
Operating lease liabilities included in “Other current liabilities”	$ 1,640	$ 1,866
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other current liabilities	Other current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities	$ 1,566	$ 1,533
Total	$ 3,206	$ 3,399

v3.24.3

Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Leases
2025	$ 1,768
2026	801
2027	500
2028	198
2029	186
Thereafter	15
Total lease payments	3,468
Less imputed interest	(262)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 3,206	$ 3,399

v3.24.3

Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 0.4	$ 0.1
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract	5 years

v3.24.3

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 148,019	$ 164,557
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	95,194	90,899
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 243,213	$ 255,456	$ 208,453	$ 198,823

v3.24.3

Schedule of Restricted Cash And Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 95,194	$ 90,899
IDT Financial Services Gibraltar [Member]
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	79,747	83,284
Disbursement Payments VIE [Member]
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	15,289	7,426
Financial Instrument, Other [Member]
Debt Securities, Held-to-Maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 158	$ 189

v3.24.3

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	$ 27,598	$ 23,818
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	18	11
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(342)	(391)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale	27,274	23,438
US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	20,568	16,641
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	16	10
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(52)	(66)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale	20,532	16,585
US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	3,342	3,356
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	1
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax		(3)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale	3,343	3,353
Corporate Bond Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	3,688	3,821
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	1	1
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(290)	(322)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale	$ 3,399	$ 3,500

v3.24.3

Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Within one year	$ 20,752
After one year through five years	5,562
After five years through ten years	923
After ten years	37
Total	$ 27,274	$ 23,438

v3.24.3

Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	$ 342	$ 391
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position	15,195	18,880
US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	52	66
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position	11,915	12,936
Corporate Bond Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss	290	322
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position	$ 3,280	3,310
Government Sponsored Enterprise Notes [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss		3
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position		$ 2,634

v3.24.3

Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Unrealized Losses	$ 317	$ 367
Fair Value	5,414	8,036
US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]
Unrealized Losses	42	60
Fair Value	2,306	4,827
Corporate Bond Securities [Member]
Unrealized Losses	275	307
Fair Value	$ 3,108	$ 3,209

v3.24.3

Debt Securities (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale	$ 9.9	$ 17.1

v3.24.3

Schedule of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Current equity investments	$ 5,071	$ 5,009
Noncurrent equity investments	7,092	6,518
Other Marketable Equity Securities [Member]
Current equity investments	53	70
Mutual Fund [Member]
Current equity investments	4,372	4,370
Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Noncurrent equity investments	1,231	1,338
Hedge Funds [Member]
Noncurrent equity investments	2,878	2,883
Other Investments [Member]
Noncurrent equity investments	2,225	725
Common Class B [Member] | Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]
Current equity investments	516	416
Common Class B [Member] | Zedge Inc [Member]
Current equity investments	130	153
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Inc [Member]
Noncurrent equity investments	758	695
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Inc [Member]
Noncurrent equity investments		$ 877

v3.24.3

Schedule of Equity Investments (Details) (Parenthetical) - Common Class B [Member] - shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]
Number of related party shares received	278,810	278,810
Zedge Inc [Member]
Number of related party shares received	42,282	42,282

v3.24.3

Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 964	$ 1,632
Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer	63	(14)
Upward adjustment		129
Impairments
Balance, end of the period	$ 1,027	$ 1,747

v3.24.3

Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments	$ 378	$ (917)
Plus: net loss recognized during the period on equity investment sold during the period	2
Equity securities unrealized gain loss	380	(917)
Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]
Equity securities unrealized gain loss	100	(62)
Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]
Equity securities unrealized gain loss	$ (23)	$ (8)

v3.24.3

Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchase of convertible preferred stock	$ 673	$ 672
Equity in the net loss of investee	(780)	(1,012)
Equity Method Investee [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Balance, beginning of period	1,338	2,784
Purchase of convertible preferred stock	673	672
Equity in the net loss of investee	(438)	(670)
Amortization of equity method basis difference	(342)	(342)
Balance, end of period	$ 1,231	$ 2,444

v3.24.3

Equity Investments (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Aug. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2016
Owned shares						1,830
Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments			$ 9,878	$ 17,067
Equity method investment, aggregate cost	$ 8,200		$ 8,200
Equity method investment, description			These basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list.
Purchase of convertible preferred stock			$ 673	$ 672
Equity Method Investment [Member]
Ownership percentage	33.40%		33.40%		33.40%
Preferred Stock [Member] | Equity Method Investment [Member]
Purchase of convertible preferred stock	$ 300
Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member]
Owned shares		33			33
Visa Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Class A Common Stock [Member]
Owned shares		3,300
Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemption of equity investments		$ 900

v3.24.3

Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities		$ 27,274	$ 23,438
Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities		27,274	23,438
Equity investments included in current assets		5,071	5,009
Equity investments included in noncurrent assets		2,758	2,072
Total		35,103	30,519
Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities		(290)	(222)
Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities		(616)	(684)
Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities		(906)	(906)
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	[1]	20,532	16,585
Equity investments included in current assets	[1]	5,071	5,009
Equity investments included in noncurrent assets	[1]
Total	[1]	25,603	21,594
Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities	[1]
Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities	[1]
Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities	[1]
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	[2]	6,742	6,853
Equity investments included in current assets	[2]
Equity investments included in noncurrent assets	[2]	2,000	1,377
Total	[2]	8,742	8,230
Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities	[2]
Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities	[2]
Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities	[2]
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	[3]
Equity investments included in current assets	[3]
Equity investments included in noncurrent assets	[3]	758	695
Total	[3]	758	695
Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities	[3]	(290)	(222)
Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities	[3]	(616)	(684)
Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities	[3]	$ (906)	$ (906)
[1] – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities [2] – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities [3] – no observable pricing inputs in the market

v3.24.3

Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 695	$ 1,263
Total gain (loss) included in “Other expense, net”	$ 63	$ (14)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other expense, net	Other expense, net
Balance, end of period	$ 758	$ 1,249
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period

v3.24.3

Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 906	$ 4,805
Payments		(214)
“Foreign currency translation adjustment”		$ (3)
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Liability, Gain (Loss), Statement of Other Comprehensive Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Foreign currency translation adjustments	Foreign currency translation adjustments
Balance, end of period	$ 906	$ 4,588
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period

v3.24.3

Fair Value Measurements (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Investment in hedge funds		$ 2.9	$ 2.9
Contingent consideration payment	$ 0.2

v3.24.3

Schedule of Net Income and Aggregate Funding Repaid to the Company by VIE (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Net income of the VIE	$ 338	$ 81
Aggregate funding provided by the Company, net	$ 55	$ 114

v3.24.3

VIE’s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Cash and equivalents	$ 148,019	$ 164,557
Trade accounts receivable, net	41,566	42,215
Disbursement prefunding	52,041	30,736
Prepaid expenses	12,686	17,558
Other current assets	24,627	25,927
Property, plant, and equipment, net	38,944	38,652
Other intangibles, net	5,947	6,285
Total assets	554,634	550,095
Trade accounts payable	23,647	24,773
Accrued expenses	92,821	103,176
Customer funds deposits	94,951	91,893
Due to the Company	1,058	2,662
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(19,709)	(18,142)
Noncontrolling interests	10,568	9,472
Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests	554,634	550,095
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Cash and equivalents	3,055	2,626
Restricted cash	15,289	7,426
Trade accounts receivable, net	127	74
Disbursement prefunding	1,323	2,587
Prepaid expenses	359	258
Other current assets	265	294
Property, plant, and equipment, net	163	179
Other intangibles, net	546	584
Total assets	21,127	14,028
Trade accounts payable		4
Accrued expenses	160	124
Customer funds deposits	15,882	9,195
Due to the Company	296	241
Accumulated other comprehensive income	14	27
Noncontrolling interests	4,775	4,437
Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests	$ 21,127	$ 14,028

v3.24.3

Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Corporate—Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees		$ (212)
Corporate—Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims		684
Corporate—other		12
Total		$ 484

v3.24.3

Revolving Credit Facility (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	May 17, 2021	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2024
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Proceeds from lines of credit		$ 14,243	$ 30,315
Repayments of lines of credit		14,243	30,315
IDT Telecom [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Proceeds from lines of credit		14,200	30,300
Repayments of lines of credit		14,200	$ 30,300
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | TD Bank [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 25,000
Outstanding line of credit		$ 0		$ 0
Credit facility, description		The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom’s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending upon IDT Telecom’s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused commitment fee of 10 basis points on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment.
Debt instrument maturity date	May 16, 2026
Revolving credit, unused portion amount	$ 25,000

v3.24.3

Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity’s Noncontrolling Interest (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Common Class B [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity’s noncontrolling interest	$ 138	$ 107

v3.24.3

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Details Narrative) - Common Class B [Member] - National Retail Solutions [Member] $ in Millions	Sep. 29, 2021 USD ($)
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Capital stock outstanding percentage	2.50%
Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction	$ 10

v3.24.3

Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2016
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payments of Dividends		$ 1,261,000
Remained available repurchase, shares	4,400,000	4,400,000
Class A and Class B Common Stock[Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash dividend per share		$ 0.05
Payments of Dividends		$ 1,300,000
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Repurchase of shares				8,000,000.0
Class B common stock shares repurchased		37,714	125,470
Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased		$ 1,300,000	$ 2,800,000
Class B Common Stock [Member] | Employees [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Class B common stock shares repurchased		24,290	654
Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased		$ 1,100,000	$ 15,000
Common Class B [Member] | Bill Pereira [Member] | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of shares	39,155
Issuance of shares, value	$ 1,800,000

v3.24.3

Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:
Basic weighted-average number of shares	25,204	25,178
Stock options		3
Non-vested restricted Class B common stock	159	96
Diluted weighted-average number of shares	25,363	25,277

v3.24.3

Earnings Per Share (Details Narrative) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share	0	0

v3.24.3

Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (18,142)
Other comprehensive (loss) income attributable to IDT Corporation	(1,567)	$ 565
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(19,709)
AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Parent [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(380)
Other comprehensive (loss) income attributable to IDT Corporation	56
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(324)
Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(17,762)
Other comprehensive (loss) income attributable to IDT Corporation	(1,623)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (19,385)

v3.24.3

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Accrued liabilities	$ 24.4	$ 25.9
Purchase obligation	1.3
Performance bonds outstanding	33.2	$ 32.4
Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]
Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]
Final decision imposed	$ 2.9

v3.24.3

Schedule of Other (Expense) Income, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)	$ 135	$ (3,499)
Equity in net loss of investee	(780)	(1,012)
Gains (losses) on investments	378	(917)
Other	(16)	(158)
Total	$ (283)	$ (5,586)

v3.24.3

Income Taxes (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective tax rate	25.40%	28.20%

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