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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number:  0-49677
WEST BANCORPORATION, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Iowa 42-1230603
(State of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1601 22nd Street, West Des Moines, Iowa
50266
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (515) 222-2300

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value WTBA The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  NONE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes  o     No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes  o     No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒ No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒ No  o

1

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2020, was approximately $277,982,230 (based on the closing price on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on that date of $17.49).

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock as of the most recent practicable date, February 26, 2021.

16,469,272 shares of common stock, no par value

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The definitive proxy statement of West Bancorporation, Inc., which was filed on March 1, 2021, is incorporated by reference into Part III hereof to the extent indicated in such Part.
2

FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
5
   
PART I
     
ITEM 1.
5
     
ITEM 1A.
16
   
ITEM 1B.
29
   
ITEM 2.
29
   
ITEM 3.
29
   
ITEM 4.
29
     
PART II
     
ITEM 5.
29
   
ITEM 6.
31
   
ITEM 7.
31
   
ITEM 7A.
57
   
ITEM 8.
58
   
ITEM 9.
100
   
ITEM 9A.
100
   
ITEM 9B.
100
   
PART III
     
ITEM 10.
101
   
ITEM 11.
101
   
ITEM 12.
101
   
ITEM 13.
101
   
ITEM 14.
102
     
PART IV
   
ITEM 15.
102
ITEM 16.
103
3




















(PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)


4
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
“SAFE HARBOR” CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to the Company’s business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meanings of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the words “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “future,” “confident,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “strategy,” “plan,” “opportunity,” “will be,” “will likely result,” “will continue” or similar references, or references to estimates, predictions or future events. Such forward-looking statements are based upon certain underlying assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Because of the possibility that the underlying assumptions are incorrect or do not materialize as expected in the future, actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements.  Risks and uncertainties that may affect future results include: the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including its potential effects on the economic environment, our customers and our operations, as well as any changes to federal, state or local government laws, regulations or orders in connection with the pandemic; interest rate risk; competitive pressures; pricing pressures on loans and deposits; changes in credit and other risks posed by the Company’s loan and investment portfolios, including declines in commercial or residential real estate values or changes in the allowance for loan losses dictated by new market conditions, accounting standards (including as a result of the future implementation of the current expected credit loss (CECL) accounting standard) or regulatory requirements; actions of bank and nonbank competitors; changes in local, national and international economic conditions; changes in legal and regulatory requirements, limitations and costs; changes in customers’ acceptance of the Company’s products and services; cyber-attacks; unexpected outcomes of existing or new litigation involving the Company; the monetary, trade and other regulatory policies of the U.S. government; acts of war or terrorism, widespread disease or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or other adverse external events; developments and uncertainty related to the future use and availability of some reference rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), as well as other alternative reference rates; and any other risks described in the “Risk Factors” sections of this report and other reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update such forward-looking statements to reflect current or future events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

PART I

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS

General Development of Business

West Bancorporation, Inc. (the Company or West Bancorporation) is an Iowa corporation and a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (BHCA). The Company was formed in 1984 to own West Bank, an Iowa-chartered bank headquartered in West Des Moines, Iowa. West Bank is a business-focused community bank that was organized in 1893. The Company’s primary activity during 2020 was the ownership of West Bank. The Company’s and West Bank’s only business is banking, and therefore, no segment information is presented in this report.

As a financial holding company, the Company has additional flexibility to engage in a broader range of financial activities through affiliates than are permissible for bank holding companies that are not financial holding companies. While the Company does not currently have a plan to engage in any new activities, as a financial holding company, it has the ability to respond more quickly to market developments and opportunities.

The Company currently operates in the following markets: central Iowa, which is generally the greater Des Moines metropolitan area; eastern Iowa, which includes the area surrounding Iowa City and Coralville; and southern Minnesota, which includes the cities of Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud.

The Company’s financial performance goal is to be in the top quartile of our benchmarking peer group as measured by three key performance metrics. Our benchmarking peer group for 2020 consisted of 21 Midwestern, publicly traded financial institutions. The Company’s three key performance metrics as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 are as follows:
l Return on average equity 15.49  %
l
Efficiency ratio (1)
41.96  %
l Texas ratio 6.40  %
(1) As presented, this is a non-GAAP financial measure. See Part II, Item 7 - "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for additional details.    
5
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Based on peer group analysis using data from the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which is the latest available data, the Company’s results for the 2020 fiscal year were better than those of each member of our defined peer group for return on average equity and efficiency ratio. Our Texas ratio was at the 50th percentile of the peer group. We currently believe our 2020 fiscal year results when compared to the peer group’s 2020 fiscal year results, once available, will be similar to these interim results.
The Company continues to grow, as loans outstanding at the end of 2020 totaled $2.28 billion compared to $1.94 billion at the end of 2019, an increase of 17.5 percent. Total loans outstanding at the end of 2020 included $180.76 million of Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans. Excluding PPP loans, total loans increased 8.0 percent in 2020. Total deposits grew 34.1 percent at December 31, 2020 from the balances as of December 31, 2019. The growth in deposit balances was primarily due to changes in customer behavior as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and our customers’ desire to retain liquidity, as well as a result of additional funds provided to individuals and businesses by government relief programs. We believe the pipeline for new business remains strong, although less so than a year ago, as we continue to focus efforts on sales through strengthening existing relationships and developing new relationships. We are confident in our ability to cultivate quality relationships and deliver excellent service.
The Company declared and paid cash dividends on common stock totaling $0.84 per share in 2020 and declared a $0.22 quarterly dividend on January 27, 2021, payable on February 24, 2021 to stockholders of record on February 10, 2021. This is an increase of $0.01 from the prior quarter and represents a record high quarterly dividend for the Company. The Company expects to continue paying regular quarterly dividends in the future. In the opinion of management, the capital position of the Company is strong. At December 31, 2020, the Company’s tangible common equity ratio was 7.02 percent compared to 8.56 percent at December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no intangible assets or preferred stock outstanding. The decrease in the tangible common equity ratio was primarily due to the unprecedented asset growth of the Company propelled by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income, which was the result of a decline in the value of interest rate swaps. Additional information on capital and the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic can be found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Description of the Company’s Business

West Bank provides full-service community banking and trust services to customers located primarily in the following metropolitan areas: Des Moines, Coralville and Iowa City, Iowa, and Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud, Minnesota. West Bank has eight offices in the Des Moines area, one office in Coralville, Iowa and one office in each of our four Minnesota markets. West Bank has also begun construction of a permanent branch office in Sartell, Minnesota, a suburb of St. Cloud. West Bank offers many types of credit to its customers, including commercial, real estate and consumer loans. West Bank offers trust services, including the administration of estates, conservatorships, personal trusts and agency accounts.  

West Bank offers a full range of deposit services, including checking, savings and money market accounts and time certificates of deposit. West Bank also offers internet, mobile banking and treasury management services, which help to meet the banking needs of its customers. Treasury management services offered to business customers include cash management, client-generated automated clearing house transactions, remote deposit and fraud protection services. Also offered are merchant credit card processing and corporate credit cards.

West Bank’s business strategy emphasizes strong business and personal relationships between West Bank and its customers and the delivery of products and services that meet the individualized needs of those customers. West Bank also emphasizes strong cost controls, while striving to achieve an above average return on equity. To accomplish these goals, West Bank focuses on small- to medium-sized businesses in its local markets that traditionally wish to develop an exclusive relationship with a single bank. West Bank has the size to provide the personal attention required by local business owners and the financial expertise and entrepreneurial attitude to help businesses meet their financial service needs.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Actions taken in our markets and around the world to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have included restrictions on travel, quarantines, stay at home orders and forced closures or operational restrictions placed on various businesses, schools and public venues. Throughout the pandemic, we continue to provide all services to our customers and execute our business strategies.


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As of December 31, 2020, we conducted banking operations through 13 locations in central and eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota. The economies in our market areas are well diversified. We believe that an important factor contributing to our historical performance and our ability to execute our strategic priorities is the vibrancy of our markets. Our geographic markets entered the COVID-19 pandemic from a position of economic strength which has helped sustain much of their local economies through 2020. Our markets are home to major financial services companies, healthcare providers, educational institutions, technology and agribusiness companies, and state and local governments. Our markets host major employers such as Principal Financial Group, Wells Fargo, Mayo Clinic, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Health Care, UnityPoint Health Partners, CentraCare Health Systems and IBM. The unprecedented challenges and uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic have created economic stress of varying degrees across these industry sectors.

The markets in which we operate have generally experienced stable population growth over the past five years. Des Moines-West Des Moines is the largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Iowa with an estimated population of 699,000, while Iowa City and Coralville make up the fourth largest MSA in Iowa with an estimated population of 173,000. Rochester and St. Cloud are the third and fourth largest MSAs in Minnesota with estimated populations of 222,000 and 202,000, respectively. Although the markets in which we operate have been economically stable in recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted all markets in 2020. Both business activity and unemployment rates were impacted due to changes in consumer behavior and restrictions implemented in response to the pandemic. Unemployment rates peaked in 2020 at 11.0 percent and 9.9 percent in Iowa and Minnesota, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Iowa and Minnesota unemployment rates were 3.1 percent and 4.4 percent, respectively, which were below the national rate of 6.7 percent.

The market areas served by West Bank are highly competitive with respect to both loans and deposits. West Bank competes with other commercial banks, credit unions, mortgage companies and other financial service providers, including financial technology (FinTech) companies. According to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (FDIC) Summary of Deposits as of June 30, 2020, West Bank ranked eighth in the state of Iowa in terms of deposit size. Some of West Bank’s competitors are locally controlled, while others are regional, national or international companies. The larger, international, national or regional banks have certain competitive advantages due to their ability to undertake substantial advertising campaigns and allocate their investment assets to out-of-market geographic regions with potentially higher returns. Such banks also offer certain services, such as international and conduit financing transactions, which are not offered directly by West Bank. These larger banking organizations also have much higher legal lending limits than West Bank, and therefore, may be better able to service large regional, national and global commercial customers. The financial services industry has become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. Technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks, such as FinTech companies, to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems.

In order to compete to the fullest extent possible with the other financial institutions in its primary market areas, West Bank uses the flexibility and knowledge of its local management, Board of Directors and community advisors. West Bank has a group of community advisors in each of its markets who provide insight to management on current business activity levels and trends. West Bank seeks to capitalize on customers who desire to do business with a local institution. This includes emphasizing specialized services, local promotional activities, and personal contacts by West Bank’s officers, directors and employees. In particular, West Bank competes for loans primarily by offering competitive interest rates, experienced lending personnel with local decision-making authority, flexible loan arrangements, quality products and services, and proactive relationship management. West Bank competes for deposits principally by offering depositors a variety of straight-forward deposit products and convenient office locations and hours, along with electronic access and other personalized services.  

West Bank also competes with the general financial markets for funds. Yields on corporate and government debt securities and commercial paper affect West Bank’s ability to attract and hold deposits. West Bank also competes for funds with money market accounts and similar investment vehicles offered by brokerage firms, mutual fund companies, internet banks and others. The competition for these funds is based almost exclusively on yields to customers.

Human Capital Resources

We believe that the success of our business is largely due to the quality of our employees, the development of each employee's full potential, and the Company's ability to provide timely and satisfying rewards. We encourage and support the development of our employees and, whenever possible, strive to fill vacancies with internal candidates. We invest in education and development programs, including tuition reimbursement for courses and degree programs and fees paid for certifications. As of December 31, 2020, we had 175 employees, of which 162 were full time and 13 were part time. As of December 31, 2020, approximately 57 percent of our current workforce was female and 43 percent was male. Approximately 17 percent of our workforce consisted of ethnically diverse employees as of December 31, 2020.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

As part of our compensation philosophy, we believe that we must offer and maintain market competitive compensation and benefit programs for our employees in order to attract and retain talent. The goal of our compensation program is to create superior long-term value for our stockholders by attracting, motivating and retaining outstanding employees who serve our customers while generating financial performance that is consistently better than our peers. Our business model allows us to operate with fewer employees than the typical commercial bank of our size because we emphasize teamwork, sound practices and a focus on business banking. Because we have fewer people, we need to have the right people, and ensure that we offer what we consider to be above average pay in exchange for above average performance. In addition to competitive base wages, additional programs include annual bonus opportunities, Company matched 401(k) and discretionary 401(k) contributions, stock award opportunities, healthcare and insurance benefits, paid time off, family leave and employee assistance programs. Our approach also produces longevity in our workforce. The average tenure of our employees is approximately nine years.

We are committed to the health, safety and wellness of our employees. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented operating environment changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees, as well as the communities in which we operate, and which comply with government regulations. This includes having some employees work from home, while implementing additional safety measures for employees continuing critical on-site work. No employees have been furloughed or laid off as a result of COVID-19.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

General

FDIC-insured institutions, their holding companies and their affiliates are extensively regulated under federal and state law. As a result, our growth and earnings performance may be affected not only by management decisions and general economic conditions, but also by the requirements of federal and state statutes and by the regulations and policies of various bank regulatory agencies, including the Iowa Division of Banking, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve), the FDIC and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Furthermore, taxation laws administered by the Internal Revenue Service and state taxing authorities, accounting rules developed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), securities laws administered by the SEC and state securities authorities, and anti-money laundering laws enforced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury) have an impact on our business. The effect of these statutes, regulations, regulatory policies and accounting rules are significant to our operations and results.

Federal and state banking laws impose a comprehensive system of supervision, regulation and enforcement on the operations of FDIC-insured institutions, their holding companies and affiliates that is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC-insured deposits and depositors of banks, rather than stockholders. These federal and state laws, and the regulations of the bank regulatory agencies issued under them, affect, among other things, the scope of our business; the kinds and amounts of investments we may make; required capital levels relative to our assets; the nature and amount of collateral for loans; the establishment of branches; our ability to merge, consolidate and acquire; dealings with our insiders and affiliates; and our payment of dividends. In reaction to the global financial crisis and particularly following passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act), we experienced heightened regulatory requirements and scrutiny. Although the reforms primarily targeted systemically important financial service providers, their influence filtered down in varying degrees to community banks over time and caused our compliance and risk management processes, and the costs thereof, to increase. Then, in May 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (Regulatory Relief Act) was enacted by Congress in part to provide regulatory relief for community banks and their holding companies. To that end, the law eliminated questions about the applicability of certain Dodd-Frank Act reforms to community bank systems, including relieving us of any requirement to engage in mandatory stress tests, maintain a risk committee or comply with the Volcker Rule’s complicated prohibitions on proprietary trading and ownership of private funds. We believe these reforms are favorable to our operations.
The supervisory framework for U.S. banking organizations subjects banks and bank holding companies to regular examination by their respective regulatory agencies, which results in examination reports and ratings that are not publicly available and that can impact the conduct and growth of their business. These examinations consider not only compliance with applicable laws and regulations, but also capital levels, asset quality and risk, management ability and performance, earnings, liquidity and various other factors. The regulatory agencies generally have broad discretion to impose restrictions and limitations on the operations of a regulated entity where the agencies determine, among other things, that such operations are unsafe or unsound, fail to comply with applicable law or are otherwise inconsistent with laws and regulations.

The following is a summary of the material elements of the supervisory and regulatory framework applicable to the Company and West Bank, beginning with a discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the banking industry. It does not describe all of the statutes, regulations and regulatory policies that apply, nor does it restate all of the requirements of those that are described. The descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provision.
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

COVID-19 Pandemic

The federal bank regulatory agencies, along with their state counterparts, have issued a steady stream of guidance responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and have taken a number of unprecedented steps to help banks navigate the pandemic and mitigate its impact. These include, without limitation: requiring banks to focus on business continuity and pandemic planning; adding pandemic scenarios to stress testing; encouraging bank use of capital buffers and reserves in lending programs; permitting certain regulatory reporting extensions; reducing margin requirements on swaps; permitting certain otherwise prohibited investments in investment funds; issuing guidance to encourage banks to work with customers affected by the pandemic and encourage loan workouts; and providing credit under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) for certain pandemic-related loans, investments and public service. Because of the need for social distancing measures, the agencies revamped the manner in which they conducted periodic examinations of their regulated institutions, including making greater use of off-site reviews.

Moreover, the Federal Reserve issued guidance encouraging banking institutions to utilize its discount window for loans and intraday credit extended by its Reserve Banks to help households and businesses impacted by the pandemic and announced numerous funding facilities. The FDIC also has acted to mitigate the deposit insurance assessment effects of participating in the PPP and the Federal Reserve’s PPP Liquidity Facility and Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility.

Reference is made to the discussion of “Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic” in Item 1A. Risk Factors and “Significant Developments - Impact of COVID-19” in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this report for information on the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) and PPP and for discussions of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, information as to selected topics, such as the impact on capital requirements, dividend payments, reserves and CRA, is contained in the relevant sections of this Supervision and Regulation discussion provided below.
Supervision and Regulation of the Company

General. The Company, as the sole stockholder of West Bank, is a bank holding company that has elected financial holding company status. As a bank holding company, we are registered with, and subject to regulation by, the Federal Reserve under the BHCA. We are legally obligated to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to West Bank and to commit resources to support West Bank in circumstances where we might not otherwise do so. Under the BHCA, we are subject to periodic examination by the Federal Reserve and are required to file with the Federal Reserve periodic reports of our operations and such additional information regarding our operations as the Federal Reserve may require.

Acquisitions and Activities/Financial Holding Company Election. The primary purpose of a bank holding company is to control and manage banks. The BHCA generally requires the prior approval of the Federal Reserve for any merger involving a bank holding company or any acquisition by a bank holding company of another bank or bank holding company. Subject to certain conditions (including deposit concentration limits established by the BHCA), the Federal Reserve may allow a bank holding company to acquire banks located in any state of the United States. In approving interstate acquisitions, the Federal Reserve is required to give effect to applicable state law limitations on the aggregate amount of deposits that may be held by the acquiring bank holding company and its FDIC-insured institution affiliates in the state in which the target bank is located (provided that those limits do not discriminate against out-of-state institutions or their holding companies) and state laws that require that the target bank have been in existence for a minimum period of time (not to exceed five years) before being acquired by an out-of-state bank holding company. Furthermore, in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Act, bank holding companies must be well-capitalized and well-managed in order to effect interstate mergers or acquisitions.

The BHCA generally prohibits the Company from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of five percent or more of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank and from engaging in any business other than that of banking, managing and controlling banks or furnishing services to banks and their subsidiaries. This general prohibition is subject to a number of exceptions. The principal exception allows bank holding companies to engage in, and to own shares of companies engaged in, certain businesses found by the Federal Reserve prior to November 11, 1999 to be “so closely related to banking ... as to be a proper incident thereto.” This authority would permit us to engage in a variety of banking-related businesses, including the ownership and operation of a savings association, or any entity engaged in consumer finance, equipment leasing, the operation of a computer service bureau (including software development) and mortgage banking and brokerage services. The BHCA does not place territorial restrictions on the domestic activities of nonbank subsidiaries of bank holding companies.


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Additionally, bank holding companies that meet certain eligibility requirements prescribed by the BHCA and elect to operate as financial holding companies may engage in, or own shares in companies engaged in, a wider range of nonbanking activities, including securities and insurance underwriting and sales, merchant banking and any other activity that the Federal Reserve, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, determines by regulation or order is financial in nature or incidental to any such financial activity or that the Federal Reserve determines by order to be complementary to any such financial activity and does not pose a substantial risk to the safety or soundness of FDIC-insured institutions or the financial system generally. In the third quarter of 2016, we elected to operate as a financial holding company. In order to maintain our status as a financial holding company, both the Company and West Bank must be well-capitalized, well-managed, and have at least a satisfactory CRA rating. If the Federal Reserve determines that either the Company or West Bank is not well-capitalized or well-managed, the Federal Reserve will provide a period of time in which to achieve compliance, but during the period of noncompliance, the Federal Reserve may place any additional limitations on us that it deems appropriate. Furthermore, if non-compliance is based on the failure of West Bank to achieve a satisfactory CRA rating, we would not be able to commence any new financial activities or acquire a company that engages in such activities. As of December 31, 2020, we retained our election as a financial holding company, but we have not engaged in any activity and do not own any assets for which a financial holding company designation was required. The election affords the ability to respond more quickly to market developments and opportunities.

Change in Control. Federal law prohibits any person or company from acquiring “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or its holding company without prior notice to the appropriate federal bank regulator. Control is conclusively presumed to exist upon the acquisition of 25 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of a bank or bank holding company, but may arise under certain circumstances between 10 percent and 24.99 percent ownership.

Company Capital Requirements. The Company has not been required by the Federal Reserve to report consolidated regulatory capital due to an exemption provided by the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement applicable to holding companies with less than $3 billion in total assets. The Company crossed the $3 billion threshold in late 2020. However, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued an Interim Final Rule on November 20, 2020, that provided temporary relief for certain community banking organizations as a result of growth in asset size from the COVID-19 response. Under the Interim Final Rule, which in pertinent part applies to financial institutions with less than $3 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2019, the asset growth of such banks in 2020 and 2021 will not trigger consolidated capital reporting requirements until January 1, 2022. Unless the Federal Reserve determines otherwise, we are considered well-capitalized until that date, as long as West Bank is well-capitalized. For capital requirements applicable to West Bank, see “Supervision and Regulation of West Bank —Bank Capital Requirements” below.

Dividend Payments. Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders may be affected by both general corporate law considerations and policies of the Federal Reserve applicable to bank holding companies. As an Iowa corporation, we are subject to the limitations of Iowa law, which allows us to pay dividends unless, after such dividend, (i) we would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business or (ii) our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus any amount that would be needed if we were to be dissolved at the time of the dividend payment, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of stockholders whose rights are superior to the rights of the stockholders receiving the distribution.

As a general matter, the Federal Reserve has indicated that the board of directors of a bank holding company should eliminate, defer or significantly reduce dividends to stockholders if: (i) the company’s net income available to stockholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends; (ii) the prospective rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition; or (iii) the company will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios. These factors have come into consideration in the industry as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company paid regular quarterly dividends in 2020 and expects to continue paying regular quarterly dividends in the future. The Federal Reserve also possesses enforcement powers over bank holding companies and their nonbank subsidiaries to prevent or remedy actions that represent unsafe or unsound practices or violations of applicable statutes and regulations. Among these powers is the ability to proscribe the payment of dividends by banks and bank holding companies.

Monetary Policy. The monetary policy of the Federal Reserve has a significant effect on the operating results of financial or bank holding companies and their subsidiaries, and this is evidenced in its reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the tools available to the Federal Reserve to affect the money supply are open market transactions in U.S. government securities and changes in the discount rate on bank borrowings. These means are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth and distribution of bank loans, investments and deposits, and their use may affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.

Federal Securities Regulation. Our common stock is registered with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Consequently, we are subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading and other restrictions and requirements of the SEC under the Exchange Act.
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Corporate Governance. The Dodd-Frank Act addressed many investor protection, corporate governance and executive compensation matters that will affect most U.S. publicly traded companies. It increased stockholder influence over boards of directors by requiring companies to give stockholders a nonbinding vote on executive compensation and so-called “golden parachute” payments, and authorizing the SEC to promulgate rules that would allow stockholders to nominate and solicit voters for their own candidates using a company’s proxy materials. The legislation also directed the Federal Reserve to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to executives of bank holding companies, regardless of whether such companies are publicly traded.

Supervision and Regulation of West Bank

General. West Bank is an Iowa-chartered bank. The deposit accounts of West Bank are insured by the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) to the maximum extent provided under federal law and FDIC regulations, currently $250,000 per insured depositor category. As an Iowa-chartered FDIC-insured bank, West Bank is subject to the examination, supervision, reporting and enforcement requirements of the Iowa Division of Banking, the chartering authority for Iowa banks, and the FDIC, designated by federal law as the primary federal regulator of insured state banks that, like West Bank, are not members of the Federal Reserve System (nonmember banks).

Deposit Insurance. As an FDIC-insured institution, West Bank is required to pay deposit insurance premium assessments to the FDIC. The FDIC has adopted a risk-based assessment system whereby FDIC-insured institutions pay insurance premiums at rates based on their risk classification. For institutions, like West Bank, that are not considered large and highly complex banking organizations, assessments are now based on examination ratings and financial ratios. The total base assessment rates currently range from 1.5 basis points to 30 basis points. At least semi-annually, the FDIC updates its loss and income projections for the DIF and, if needed, increases or decreases the assessment rates, following notice and comment on proposed rulemaking.

The reserve ratio is the FDIC insurance fund balance divided by estimated insured deposits. The Dodd-Frank Act altered the minimum reserve ratio of the DIF, increasing the minimum from 1.15 percent to 1.35 percent of the estimated amount of total insured deposits. The reserve ratio reached 1.36 percent as of September 30, 2018, exceeding the statutory required minimum. As a result, the FDIC provided assessment credits to insured depository institutions, like West Bank, with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion for the portion of their regular assessments that contributed to growth in the reserve ratio between 1.15 percent and 1.35 percent. The FDIC applied the small bank credits for quarterly assessment periods beginning July 1, 2019. However, the reserve ratio then fell to 1.30 percent in 2020 as a result of extraordinary insured deposit growth caused by an unprecedented inflow of more than $1 trillion in estimated insured deposits in the first half of 2020, stemming mainly from the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the FDIC could have ceased the small bank credits, it waived the requirement that the reserve ratio be at least 1.35 percent for full remittance of the remaining assessment credits, and it refunded all small bank credits as of September 30, 2020.

Supervisory Assessments. All Iowa banks are required to pay supervisory assessments to the Iowa Division of Banking to fund the operations of that agency. The amount of the assessment is calculated on the basis of West Bank’s total assets.

Bank Capital Requirements. Regulatory capital represents the net assets of a banking organization available to absorb losses. Because of the risks attendant to their business, FDIC-insured institutions are generally required to hold more capital than other businesses, which directly affects our earnings capabilities. While capital has historically been one of the key measures of the financial health of both bank holding companies and banks, its role became fundamentally more important in the wake of the global financial crisis, as the banking regulators recognized that the amount and quality of capital held by banks prior to the crisis was insufficient to absorb losses during periods of severe stress. Certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and Basel III, discussed below, establish capital standards for banks and most bank holding companies that are meaningfully more stringent than those in place previously.

Capital Levels. Banks have been required to hold minimum levels of capital based on guidelines established by the bank regulatory agencies since 1983. The minimums have been expressed in terms of ratios of “capital” divided by “total assets". The capital guidelines for U.S. banks beginning in 1989 have been based upon international capital accords (known as “Basel” rules) adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, a committee of central banks and bank supervisors that acts as the primary global standard-setter for prudential regulation, as implemented by the U.S. bank regulatory agencies on an interagency basis. The accords recognized that bank assets for the purpose of the capital ratio calculations needed to be risk weighted (the theory being that riskier assets should require more capital) and that off-balance sheet exposures needed to be factored in the calculations. Following the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision, the oversight body of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, announced agreement on a strengthened set of capital requirements for banking organizations around the world, known as Basel III, to address deficiencies recognized in connection with the global financial crisis.
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Basel III Rule. In July 2013, the U.S. federal banking agencies approved the implementation of the Basel III regulatory capital reforms in pertinent part, and, at the same time, promulgated rules effecting certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act (Basel III Rule). In contrast to capital requirements historically, which were in the form of guidelines, Basel III was released in the form of binding regulations by each of the regulatory agencies. The Basel III Rule increased the required quantity and quality of capital and required more detailed categories of risk weighting of riskier, more opaque assets. For nearly every class of assets, the Basel III Rule requires a more complex, detailed and calibrated assessment of risk in the calculation of risk weightings. The Basel III Rule is applicable to all banking organizations that are subject to minimum capital requirements, including federal and state banks and savings and loan associations, as well as to bank and savings and loan holding companies, other than “small bank holding companies” (generally certain holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $3 billion (see discussion under “Company Capital Requirements”)) and certain qualifying banking organizations that may elect a simplified framework (which we have not done). Thus, West Bank is subject to the Basel III Rule as described below.

Not only did the Basel III Rule increase most of the required minimum capital ratios in effect prior to January 1, 2015, but, in requiring that forms of capital be of higher quality to absorb loss, it introduced the concept of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, which consists primarily of common stock, related surplus (net of Treasury stock), retained earnings, and Common Equity Tier 1 minority interests subject to certain regulatory adjustments. The Basel III Rule also changed the definition of capital by establishing more stringent criteria that instruments must meet to be considered Additional Tier 1 Capital (primarily non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock that meets certain requirements) and Tier 2 Capital (primarily other types of preferred stock and subordinated debt, subject to limitations). The Basel III Rule also constrained the inclusion of minority interests, mortgage-servicing assets, and deferred tax assets in capital and required deductions from Common Equity Tier 1 Capital in the event that such assets exceeded a percentage of a banking institution’s Common Equity Tier 1 Capital.

The Basel III Rule required minimum capital ratios as of January 1, 2015, as follows:

•A ratio of minimum Common Equity Tier 1 Capital equal to 4.5 percent of risk-weighted assets;
•A ratio of minimum Tier 1 Capital equal to 6 percent of risk-weighted assets;
•A continuation of the minimum required amount of Total Capital (Tier 1 plus Tier 2) at 8 percent of risk-weighted assets; and
•A minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total quarterly average assets equal to 4 percent in all circumstances.

In addition, institutions that seek the freedom to make capital distributions (including for dividends and repurchases of stock) and pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers without restriction must also maintain 2.5 percent in Common Equity Tier 1 Capital attributable to a capital conservation buffer. The purpose of the conservation buffer is to ensure that banking institutions maintain a buffer of capital that can be used to absorb losses during periods of financial and economic stress. Factoring in the conservation buffer increases the minimum ratios depicted above to 7 percent for Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, 8.5 percent for Tier 1 Capital and 10.5 percent for Total Capital. The federal bank regulators released a joint statement in response to the COVID-19 pandemic reminding the industry that capital and liquidity buffers were meant to give banks the means to support the economy in adverse situations, and that the agencies would support banks that use the buffers for that purpose if undertaken in a safe and sound manner.

Well-Capitalized Requirements. The ratios described above are minimum standards in order for banking organizations to be considered “adequately capitalized.” Bank regulatory agencies uniformly encourage banks to hold more capital and be “well-capitalized” and, to that end, federal law and regulations provide various incentives for banking organizations to maintain regulatory capital at levels in excess of minimum regulatory requirements. For example, a banking organization that is well-capitalized may: (i) qualify for exemptions from prior notice or application requirements otherwise applicable to certain types of activities; (ii) qualify for expedited processing of other required notices or applications; and (iii) accept, roll-over or renew brokered deposits. Higher capital levels could also be required if warranted by the particular circumstances or risk profiles of individual banking organizations. For example, the Federal Reserve’s capital guidelines contemplate that additional capital may be required to take adequate account of, among other things, interest rate risk, or the risks posed by concentrations of credit, nontraditional activities or securities trading activities. Further, any banking organization experiencing or anticipating significant growth would be expected to maintain capital ratios, including tangible capital positions (i.e., Tier 1 Capital less all intangible assets), well above the minimum levels.

Under the capital regulations of the FDIC, in order to be well‑capitalized, West Bank must maintain:

•A Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio to risk-weighted assets of 6.5 percent or more;
•A ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total risk-weighted assets of 8 percent or more;
•A ratio of Total Capital to total risk-weighted assets of 10 percent or more; and
•A leverage ratio of Tier 1 Capital to total adjusted average quarterly assets of 5 percent or greater.
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

It is possible under the Basel III Rule to be well-capitalized while remaining out of compliance with the capital conservation buffer discussed above.

As of December 31, 2020: (i) West Bank was not subject to a directive from Iowa Division of Banking or the FDIC to increase its capital and (ii) West Bank was well-capitalized, as defined by FDIC regulations. West Bank is also in compliance with the capital conservation buffer.

Prompt Corrective Action. The concept of an institution being “well-capitalized” is part of a regulatory enforcement regime that provides the federal banking regulators with broad power to take “prompt corrective action” to resolve the problems of institutions based on the capital level of each particular institution. The extent of the regulators’ powers depends on whether the institution in question is “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized,” in each case as defined by regulation. Depending upon the capital category to which an institution is assigned, the regulators’ corrective powers include: (i) requiring the institution to submit a capital restoration plan; (ii) limiting the institution’s asset growth and restricting its activities; (iii) requiring the institution to issue additional capital stock (including additional voting stock) or to sell itself; (iv) restricting transactions between the institution and its affiliates; (v) restricting the interest rate that the institution may pay on deposits; (vi) ordering a new election of directors of the institution; (vii) requiring that senior executive officers or directors be dismissed; (viii) prohibiting the institution from accepting deposits from correspondent banks; (ix) requiring the institution to divest certain subsidiaries; (x) prohibiting the payment of principal or interest on subordinated debt; and (xi) ultimately, appointing a receiver for the institution.

Community Bank Capital Simplification. Community banks have long raised concerns with bank regulators about the regulatory burden, complexity, and costs associated with certain provisions of the Basel III Rule. In response, Congress provided an “off-ramp” for institutions, like us, with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion. Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act instructed the federal banking regulators to establish a single “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (CBLR) of between 8 and 10 percent. Under the final rule, a community banking organization is eligible to elect the new framework if it has: less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, limited amounts of certain assets and off-balance sheet exposures, and a CBLR greater than 9 percent. The bank regulatory agencies temporarily lowered the CBLR to 8 percent as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. West Bank may elect the CBLR framework at any time but has not currently determined to do so.

Liquidity Requirements. Liquidity is a measure of the ability and ease with which bank assets may be converted to cash. Liquid assets are those that can be converted to cash quickly if needed to meet financial obligations. To remain viable, FDIC-insured institutions must have enough liquid assets to meet their near-term obligations, such as withdrawals by depositors. In addition to liquidity guidelines already in place, the U.S. bank regulatory agencies implemented the Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio, or LCR, in September 2014, which require large financial firms to hold levels of liquid assets sufficient to protect against constraints on their funding during times of financial turmoil. While the LCR only applies to the largest banking organizations in the country, we continue to review our liquidity risk management policies in light of these developments.

Dividend Payments. The primary source of funds for the Company is dividends from West Bank. Under the Iowa Banking Act, Iowa-chartered banks generally may pay dividends only out of undivided profits. The Iowa Division of Banking may restrict the declaration or payment of a dividend by an Iowa-chartered bank, such as West Bank. The payment of dividends by any FDIC-insured institution is affected by the requirement to maintain adequate capital pursuant to applicable capital adequacy guidelines and regulations, and an FDIC-insured institution generally is prohibited from paying any dividends if, following payment thereof, the institution would be undercapitalized. As described above, West Bank exceeded its capital requirements under applicable guidelines as of December 31, 2020. Notwithstanding the availability of funds for dividends, however, the FDIC and the Iowa Division of Banking may prohibit the payment of dividends by West Bank if either or both determine such payment would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. In addition, under the Basel III Rule, institutions that seek the freedom to pay dividends will have to maintain 2.5 percent in Common Equity Tier 1 Capital attributable to the capital conservation buffer. See “—Bank Capital Requirements” above.

State Bank Investments and Activities. West Bank is permitted to make investments and engage in activities directly or through subsidiaries as authorized by Iowa law. However, under federal law and FDIC regulations, FDIC-insured state banks are prohibited, subject to certain exceptions, from making or retaining equity investments of a type, or in an amount, that are not permissible for a national bank. Federal law and FDIC regulations also prohibit FDIC-insured state banks and their subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, from engaging as principal in any activity that is not permitted for a national bank unless West Bank meets, and continues to meet, its minimum regulatory capital requirements and the FDIC determines that the activity would not pose a significant risk to the DIF. These restrictions have not had, and are not currently expected to have, a material impact on the operations of West Bank.

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Insider Transactions. West Bank is subject to certain restrictions imposed by federal law on “covered transactions” between West Bank and its “affiliates.” The Company is an affiliate of West Bank for purposes of these restrictions, and covered transactions subject to the restrictions include extensions of credit to the Company, investments in the stock or other securities of the Company, and the acceptance of the stock or other securities of the Company as collateral for loans made by West Bank. The Dodd-Frank Act enhanced the requirements for certain transactions with affiliates, including an expansion of the definition of “covered transactions” and an increase in the amount of time for which collateral requirements regarding covered transactions must be maintained.

Certain limitations and reporting requirements are also placed on extensions of credit by West Bank to its directors and officers, to directors and officers of the Company and its subsidiaries, to principal stockholders of the Company and to “related interests” of such directors, officers and principal stockholders. In addition, federal law and regulations may affect the terms upon which any person who is a director or officer of the Company or West Bank, or a principal stockholder of the Company, may obtain credit from banks with which West Bank maintains a correspondent relationship.

Safety and Soundness Standards/Risk Management. FDIC-insured institutions are expected to operate in a safe and sound manner. The federal banking agencies have adopted operational and managerial standards to promote the safety and soundness of such institutions that address internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation, fees and benefits, asset quality and earnings.

In general, the safety and soundness standards prescribe the goals to be achieved in each area, and each institution is responsible for establishing its own procedures to achieve those goals. If an institution fails to operate in a safe and sound manner, the FDIC-insured institution’s primary federal regulator may require the institution to submit a plan for achieving and maintaining compliance. If an FDIC-insured institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan, or fails in any material respect to implement a compliance plan that has been accepted by its primary federal regulator, the regulator is required to issue an order directing the institution to cure the deficiency. Until the deficiency cited in the regulator’s order is cured, the regulator may restrict the FDIC-insured institution’s rate of growth, require the FDIC-insured institution to increase its capital, restrict the rates the institution pays on deposits or require the institution to take any action the regulator deems appropriate under the circumstances. Operating in an unsafe or unsound manner will also constitute grounds for other enforcement action by the federal bank regulatory agencies, including cease and desist orders and civil money penalty assessments.

During the past decade, the bank regulatory agencies have increasingly emphasized the importance of sound risk management processes and strong internal controls when evaluating the activities of the FDIC-insured institutions they supervise. Properly managing risks has been identified as critical to the conduct of safe and sound banking activities and has become even more important as new technologies, product innovation, and the size and speed of financial transactions have changed the nature of banking markets. The agencies have identified a spectrum of risks facing a banking institution including, but not limited to, credit, market, liquidity, operational, legal and reputational risk. The federal bank regulators have identified key risk themes for 2021 as: credit risk management given projected weaker economic conditions and commercial and residential real estate concentration risk management. The agencies will also be monitoring banks for their transition away from LIBOR as a reference rate, compliance risk management related to COVID-19 pandemic-related activities, Bank Secrecy Act/anti-money laundering (AML) compliance, cybersecurity, planning for and implementation of the current expected credit losses (CECL) accounting standard, and CRA performance. West Bank is expected to have active board and senior management oversight; adequate policies, procedures and limits; adequate risk measurement, monitoring and management information systems; and comprehensive internal controls.

Privacy and Cybersecurity. West Bank is subject to many U.S. federal and state laws and regulations governing requirements for maintaining policies and procedures to protect non-public confidential information of their customers. These laws require West Bank to periodically disclose its privacy policies and practices relating to sharing such information and permit consumers to opt out of their ability to share information with unaffiliated third parties under certain circumstances. They also impact West Bank’s ability to share certain information with affiliates and non-affiliates for marketing and/or non-marketing purposes, or to contact customers with marketing offers. In addition, as a part of its operational risk mitigation, West Bank is required to implement a comprehensive information security program that includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information and to require the same of its service providers. These security and privacy policies and procedures are in effect across all business lines and geographic locations.


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Branching Authority. Iowa banks, such as West Bank, have the authority under Iowa law to establish branches anywhere in the State of Iowa, subject to receipt of all required regulatory approvals. The Dodd-Frank Act permits well-capitalized and well-managed banks to establish new interstate branches or the acquisition of individual branches of a bank in another state (rather than the acquisition of an out-of-state bank in its entirety) without impediments. Federal law permits state and national banks to merge with banks in other states subject to: (i) regulatory approval; (ii) federal and state deposit concentration limits; and (iii) state law limitations requiring the merging bank to have been in existence for a minimum period of time (not to exceed five years) prior to the merger.

Transaction Account Reserves. Federal law requires FDIC-insured institutions to maintain reserves against their transaction accounts (primarily NOW and regular checking accounts) to provide liquidity. Reserves are maintained on deposit at the Federal Reserve Banks. The reserve requirements are subject to annual adjustment by the Federal Reserve, and, for 2020, the Federal Reserve had determined that the first $16.9 million of otherwise reservable balances had no reserve requirement; for transaction accounts aggregating between $16.9 million to $127.5 million, the reserve requirement was 3 percent of those transaction account balances; and for net transaction accounts in excess of $127.5 million, the reserve requirement was 10 percent of the aggregate amount of total transaction account balances in excess of $127.5 million. However, in March 2020, in an unprecedented move, the Federal Reserve announced that the banking system had ample reserves, and, as reserve requirements no longer played a significant role in this regime, it reduced all reserve tranches to zero percent, thereby freeing banks from the reserve maintenance requirement. The action permits West Bank to loan or invest funds that were previously unavailable. The Federal Reserve has indicated that it expects to continue to operate in an ample reserves regime for the foreseeable future.

Community Reinvestment Act Requirements. The CRA requires West Bank to have a continuing and affirmative obligation in a safe and sound manner to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. Federal regulators regularly assess West Bank’s record of meeting the credit needs of its communities. Applications for acquisitions would be affected by the evaluation of West Bank’s effectiveness in meeting its CRA requirements.

Anti-Money Laundering. The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act) is designed to deny terrorists and criminals the ability to obtain access to the U.S. financial system and has significant implications for FDIC-insured institutions, brokers, dealers and other businesses involved in the transfer of money. The USA PATRIOT Act, along with other legal authority, mandates financial services companies to have policies and procedures with respect to measures designed to address any or all of the following matters: (i) customer identification programs; (ii) money laundering; (iii) terrorist financing; (iv) identifying and reporting suspicious activities and currency transactions; (v) currency crimes; and (vi) cooperation between FDIC-insured institutions and law enforcement authorities.

Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate. Concentration risk exists when FDIC-insured institutions deploy too many assets to any one industry or segment. A concentration in commercial real estate is one example of regulatory concern. The interagency Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices guidance (CRE Guidance) provides supervisory criteria, including the following numerical indicators, to assist bank examiners in identifying banks with potentially significant commercial real estate loan concentrations that may warrant greater supervisory scrutiny: (i) commercial real estate loans exceeding 300 percent of capital and increasing 50 percent or more in the preceding three years; or (ii) construction and land development loans exceeding 100 percent of capital. The CRE Guidance does not limit banks’ levels of commercial real estate lending activities, but rather guides institutions in developing risk management practices and levels of capital that are commensurate with the level and nature of their commercial real estate concentrations. On December 18, 2015, the federal banking agencies issued a statement to reinforce prudent risk-management practices related to CRE lending, having observed substantial growth in many CRE asset and lending markets, increased competitive pressures, rising CRE concentrations in banks, and an easing of CRE underwriting standards. The federal bank agencies reminded FDIC-insured institutions to maintain underwriting discipline and exercise prudent risk-management practices to identify, measure, monitor and manage the risks arising from CRE lending. In addition, FDIC-insured institutions must maintain capital commensurate with the level and nature of their CRE concentration risk.

West Bank has historically exceeded, and continues to exceed, the 300 percent guideline for commercial real estate loans. Additional monitoring processes have been implemented to manage this increased risk.


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Consumer Financial Services. The historical structure of federal consumer protection regulation applicable to all providers of consumer financial products and services changed significantly on July 21, 2011, when the CFPB commenced operations to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The CFPB has broad rulemaking authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all providers of consumer products and services, including West Bank, as well as the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. The CFPB has examination and enforcement authority over providers with more than $10 billion in assets. FDIC-insured institutions with $10 billion or less in assets, like West Bank, continue to be examined by their applicable bank regulators.

Because abuses in connection with residential mortgages were a significant factor contributing to the financial crisis of 2008-2009, many new rules issued by the CFPB and required by the Dodd-Frank Act addressed mortgage and mortgage-related products, their underwriting, origination, servicing and sales. The Dodd-Frank Act significantly expanded underwriting requirements applicable to loans secured by 1-4 family residential real property and augmented federal law combating predatory lending practices. In addition to numerous disclosure requirements, the Dodd-Frank Act imposed new standards for mortgage loan originations on all lenders, including banks and savings associations, in an effort to strongly encourage lenders to verify a borrower’s ability to repay, while also establishing a presumption of compliance for certain “qualified mortgages.” The CFPB has from time to time released additional rules as to qualified mortgages and the borrower’s ability to repay, most recently in October 2020.

The CFPB’s rules have not had a significant impact on West Bank’s operations, except for higher compliance costs.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The principal executive offices of the Company are located at 1601 22nd Street, West Des Moines, Iowa 50266. The Company’s telephone number is (515) 222-2300, and its internet address is www.westbankstrong.com. Copies of the Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments thereto are available for viewing or downloading free of charge from the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website as soon as reasonably practicable after the documents are filed with or furnished to the SEC. Copies of the Company’s filings with the SEC are also available from the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov) free of charge.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

West Bancorporation’s business is conducted almost exclusively through West Bank. West Bancorporation and West Bank are subject to many of the common risks that challenge publicly traded, regulated financial institutions. An investment in West Bancorporation’s common stock is also subject to the following specific risks. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described below, other risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Credit Quality

We must effectively manage the credit risks of our loan portfolio.

The largest component of West Bank’s income is interest received on loans. Our business depends on the creditworthiness of our customers. There are risks inherent in making loans, including risks of nonpayment, risks resulting from uncertainties of the future value of collateral, and risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions. We attempt to reduce our credit risk through prudent loan application, underwriting and approval procedures, including internal loan reviews before and after proceeds have been disbursed, careful monitoring of the concentration of our loans within specific industries, and collateral and guarantee requirements. These procedures cannot, however, be expected to completely eliminate our credit risks, and we can make no guarantees concerning the strength of our loan portfolio.


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The information that we use in managing our credit risk may be inaccurate or incomplete, which may result in an increased risk of default and otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions with clients and counterparties, we may rely on information furnished by or on behalf of clients and counterparties, including financial statements and other financial information. We also may rely on representations of clients and counterparties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information and, with respect to financial statements, on reports of independent auditors. Although we regularly review our credit exposure to specific clients and counterparties and to specific industries that we believe may present credit concerns, default risk may arise from events or circumstances that are difficult to detect, such as fraud. Moreover, such circumstances, including fraud, may become more likely to occur or be detected in periods of general economic uncertainty. We may also fail to receive full information with respect to the risks of a counterparty. In addition, in cases where we have extended credit against collateral, we may find that we are under-secured, for example, as a result of sudden declines in market values that reduce the value of collateral or due to fraud with respect to such collateral. If such events or circumstances were to occur, it could result in potential loss of revenue and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our loan portfolio includes commercial loans, which involve risks specific to commercial borrowers.

West Bank’s loan portfolio includes a significant amount of commercial real estate loans, construction and land development loans, commercial lines of credit and commercial term loans. West Bank’s typical commercial borrower is a small- or medium-sized, privately owned Iowa or Minnesota business entity. Commercial loans often have large balances, and repayment usually depends on the borrowers’ successful business operations. Commercial loans also are generally not fully repaid over the loan period and thus may require refinancing or a large payoff at maturity. If the general economy turns downward, commercial borrowers may not be able to repay their loans, and the value of their assets, which are usually pledged as collateral, may decrease rapidly and significantly. Also, when credit markets tighten due to adverse developments in specific markets or the general economy, opportunities for refinancing may become more expensive or unavailable, resulting in loan defaults.

Our loan portfolio includes commercial real estate loans, which involve risks specific to real estate values.

Commercial real estate loans were a significant portion of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2020. The market value of real estate can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time as a result of market conditions in the geographic area in which the real estate is located. Adverse developments affecting real estate values in one or more of our markets could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio. Additionally, commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts, and repayment of the loans is generally dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the properties securing the loans to cover operating expenses and debt service. Economic events or governmental regulations outside of the control of the borrower or lender could negatively impact the future cash flows and market values of the affected properties.

If the loans that are collateralized by real estate become troubled and the value of the real estate has been significantly impaired, then we may not be able to recover the full contractual amount of principal and interest that we anticipated at the time of originating the loans, which could cause us to charge off all or a portion of the loans. This could lead to an increased provision for loan losses and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

The level of our commercial real estate loan portfolio may subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny.

The federal banking regulators have promulgated joint guidance on sound risk management practices for financial institutions with concentrations in commercial real estate lending. Under the CRE Guidance, a financial institution that, like West Bank, is actively involved in commercial real estate lending should perform a risk assessment to identify concentrations. A financial institution may have a concentration in commercial real estate lending if, among other factors (i) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100 percent or more of total capital, or (ii) total reported loans secured by multifamily and non-farm non-residential properties, loans for construction, land development and other land, and loans otherwise sensitive to the general commercial real estate market, including loans to commercial real estate related entities, represent 300 percent or more of total capital. Based on these criteria, West Bank had concentrations of 80 percent and 464 percent, respectively, as of December 31, 2020. The purpose of the CRE Guidance is to assist banks in developing risk management practices and capital levels commensurate with the level and nature of commercial real estate concentrations. The CRE Guidance states that management should employ heightened risk management practices, including board and management oversight, strategic planning, development of underwriting standards, and risk assessment and monitoring through market analysis and stress testing. West Bank believes that its current risk management processes adequately address the regulatory guidance; however, there can be no guarantee of the effectiveness of the risk management processes on an ongoing basis.


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We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with real estate collateral securing our loans.

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real property. Under certain circumstances, we may take title to the real property collateral through foreclosure or other means. As the titleholder of the property, we may be responsible for environmental risks, such as hazardous materials, which attach to the property. For these reasons, prior to extending credit, we have an environmental risk assessment program to identify any known environmental risks associated with the real property that will secure our loans. In addition, we routinely inspect properties following the taking of title. When environmental risks are found, environmental laws and regulations may prescribe our approach to remediation. As a result, while we have ownership of a property, we may incur substantial expense and bear potential liability for any damages caused. The environmental risks may also materially reduce the property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the property. We also cannot guarantee that our environmental risk assessment will detect all environmental issues relating to a property, which could subject us to additional liability.

Risks Related to Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our allowance for loan losses may be insufficient to absorb potential losses in our loan portfolio.

We maintain an allowance for loan losses at a level we believe adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in our existing loan portfolio. The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations; specific credit risks; credit loss experience; current loan portfolio quality; present economic, political and regulatory conditions; and unidentified losses inherent in the current loan portfolio.

Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires significant estimates and management’s judgment of credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Deterioration in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowance for loan losses. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance and may require an increase in the provision for loan losses or the recognition of additional loan charge-offs, based on judgments different from those of management. Also, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses, we will need additional provisions to increase the allowance. Any increases in provisions will result in a decrease in net income and capital and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The Current Expected Credit Loss accounting standard could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The FASB issued a new accounting standard that will be effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023. This standard, referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL), will require financial institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on loans and recognize the expected credit losses as allowances for loan losses. This will change the current method of providing for loan losses that are probable, and may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses and to greatly increase the types of data we will need to collect and analyze to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. Any increase in our allowance for loan losses or expenses incurred to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses will result in a decrease in net income and capital and may have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, the CECL model may create more volatility in our level of allowance for loan losses and could result in the need for additional capital.

Our accounting policies and methods are the basis for how we report our financial condition and results of operations, and they may require management to make estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.

Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Our management must exercise judgment in selecting and applying many of these accounting policies and methods in order to ensure they comply with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and reflect management’s judgment as to the most appropriate manner in which to record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, management must select the accounting policy or method to apply from two or more alternatives, any of which might be reasonable under the circumstances. The application of that chosen accounting policy or method might result in us reporting different amounts than would have been reported under a different alternative. If management’s estimates or assumptions are incorrect, the Company may experience a material loss.

From time to time, the FASB and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards or the interpretation of those standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes are beyond our control, can be difficult to predict and could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
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If a significant portion of any unrealized losses in our portfolio of investment securities were to become other than temporarily impaired with credit losses, we would recognize a material charge to our earnings, and our capital ratios would be adversely impacted.

Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of investment securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of those securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, rating agency downgrades of the securities, defaults by the issuer or individual mortgagors with respect to the underlying securities, and instability in the credit markets. Any of the foregoing factors could cause an other than temporary impairment (OTTI) in future periods and result in realized losses.

We analyze our investment securities quarterly to determine whether, in the opinion of management, any of the securities have OTTI. To the extent that any portion of the unrealized losses in our portfolio of investment securities is determined to have OTTI and is credit-loss related, we will recognize a charge to our earnings in the quarter during which such determination is made, and our capital ratios will be adversely impacted. Generally, a fixed income security is determined to have OTTI when it appears unlikely that we will receive all the principal and interest due in accordance with the original terms of the investment. In addition to credit losses, losses are recognized for a security with an unrealized loss if the Company has the intent to sell the security or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before collection of the principal amount.

Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could impair our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results and could increase the risk of fraud.

Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. Management believes that our internal controls over financial reporting are currently effective. While management will continue to assess our controls and procedures and take immediate action to remediate any future perceived issues, there can be no guarantee of the effectiveness of these controls and procedures on an ongoing basis. Any failure to maintain an effective internal control environment could impact our ability to report our financial results on an accurate and timely basis, which could result in regulatory actions, loss of investor confidence, and an adverse impact on our business operations and stock price.

Risks Related to Information Security and Business Interruption

The occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of our information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

As a bank, we are susceptible to fraudulent activity, information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents that may be committed against us or our clients, which may result in financial losses or increased costs to us or our customers, disclosure or misuse of our information or our client information, misappropriation of assets, privacy breaches against our customers, litigation or damage to our reputation. Such fraudulent activity may take many forms, including check fraud, electronic fraud, wire fraud, phishing, social engineering and other dishonest acts. Information security breaches and cybersecurity-related incidents may include fraudulent or unauthorized access to systems used by us, our customers or third-party vendors, denial or degradation of service attacks, and malware or other cyber-attacks.

There continues to be a rise in electronic fraudulent activity, security breaches and cyber-attacks within the financial services industry, especially in the commercial banking sector due to cyber-criminals targeting commercial bank accounts. Moreover, in recent periods, several large corporations, including financial institutions and retail companies, have suffered major data breaches, in some cases exposing not only confidential and proprietary corporate information, but also sensitive financial and other personal information of their customers and employees and subjecting them to potential fraudulent activity. Some of our customers may have been affected by these breaches, which could increase their risks of identity theft and other fraudulent activity that could involve their accounts with us.


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Information pertaining to us and our customers is maintained, and transactions are executed, on networks and systems maintained by us and certain third-party partners, such as our online banking, mobile banking and core deposit and loan recordkeeping systems. The secure maintenance and transmission of confidential information, as well as execution of transactions over these systems, are essential to protect us and our customers against fraud and security breaches and to maintain the confidence of our customers. Breaches of information security also may occur through intentional or unintentional acts by those having access to our systems or the confidential information of our customers, including employees. In addition, increases in criminal activity levels and sophistication, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries, vulnerabilities in third-party technologies (including browsers and operating systems), or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology, processes and controls that we use to prevent fraudulent transactions and to protect data about us, our customers and underlying transactions, as well as the technology used by our customers to access our systems. Our third-party partners’ inability to anticipate, or failure to adequately mitigate, breaches of security could result in a number of negative events, including losses to us or our customers, loss of business or customers, damage to our reputation, the incurrence of additional expenses, disruption to our business, additional regulatory scrutiny or penalties, or our exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Furthermore, there has been heightened legislative and regulatory focus on privacy, data protection and information security. New or revised laws and regulations may significantly impact our current and planned privacy, data protection and information security-related practices, the collection, use, retention and safeguarding of customer and employee information, and current or planned business activities. Compliance with current or future privacy, data protection and information security laws could result in higher compliance and technology costs and could restrict our ability to provide certain products and services, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We depend on information technology and telecommunications systems of third parties, and any systems failures, interruptions or data breaches involving these systems could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

Our business is highly dependent on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems, third-party servicers, accounting systems, mobile and online banking platforms and financial intermediaries. We outsource to third parties many of our major systems, such as data processing and mobile and online banking. The failure of these systems, or the termination of a third-party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third-party systems fail or experience interruptions. A system failure or service denial could result in a deterioration of our ability to process loans or gather deposits and provide customer service, compromise our ability to operate effectively, result in potential noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In addition, failures of third parties to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or fraud or misconduct on the part of employees of any of these third parties, could disrupt our operations or adversely affect our reputation.

It may be difficult for us to replace some of our third-party vendors, particularly vendors providing our core banking and information services, in a timely manner if they are unwilling or unable to provide us with these services in the future for any reason, and even if we are able to replace them, it might be at higher cost or result in the loss of customers. Any such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Our operations rely heavily on the secure processing, storage and transmission of information and the monitoring of a large number of transactions on a minute-by-minute basis, and even a short interruption in service could have significant consequences. We also interact with and rely on retailers, for whom we process transactions, as well as financial counterparties and regulators. Each of these third parties may be targets of the same types of fraudulent activity, computer break-ins and other cybersecurity breaches described above, and the cybersecurity measures that they maintain to mitigate the risk of such activity may be different than our own and may be inadequate.

As a result of financial entities and technology systems becoming more interdependent and complex, a cyber incident, information breach or loss, or technology failure that compromises the systems or data of one or more financial entities could have a material impact on counterparties or other market participants, including ourselves. As a result of the foregoing, our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by any significant disruptions to us or to third parties with whom we interact.


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Other Risks Related to West Bank’s Operations

We are subject to liquidity risks.

West Bank maintains liquidity primarily through customer deposits and other short-term funding sources, including advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), brokered CDs and purchased federal funds. If economic influences change so that we do not have access to short-term credit, or our depositors withdraw a substantial amount of their funds for other uses, West Bank might experience liquidity issues. Our efforts to monitor and manage liquidity risk may not be successful or sufficient to deal with dramatic or unanticipated reductions in our liquidity. If this were to occur and additional debt is needed for liquidity purposes in the future, there can be no assurance that such debt would be available or, if available, would be on favorable terms. In such events, our cost of funds may increase, thereby reducing our net interest income, or we may need to sell a portion of our investment portfolio, which, depending upon market conditions, could result in the Company or West Bank realizing losses. Although we believe West Bank’s current sources of funds are adequate for its liquidity needs, there can be no assurance in this regard for the future.

The competition for banking and financial services in our market areas is high, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in highly competitive markets and face strong competition in originating loans, seeking deposits and offering our other services. We compete in making loans, attracting deposits, and recruiting and retaining talented employees. The Des Moines metropolitan market area, in particular, has attracted many new financial institutions within the last two decades. We also compete with nonbank financial service providers, such as FinTech companies, many of which are not subject to the same regulatory restrictions that we are and may be able to compete more effectively as a result.

Customer loyalty can be influenced by a competitor’s new products, especially if those offerings are priced lower than our products. Some of our competitors may also be better able to attract customers because they provide products and services over a larger geographic area than we serve. This competitive climate can make it more difficult to establish and maintain relationships with new and existing customers, can lower the rate that we are able to charge on loans, and can affect our charges for other services. Our growth and profitability depend on our continued ability to compete effectively within our markets, and our inability to do so could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Loss of customer deposits due to increased competition could increase our funding costs.

We rely on bank deposits to be a low cost and stable source of funding. We compete with banks and other financial services companies for deposits. If our competitors raise the rates they pay on deposits, our funding costs may increase, either because we raise our rates to avoid losing deposits or because we lose deposits and must rely on more expensive sources of funding. Higher funding costs could reduce our net interest margin and net interest income and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Damage to our reputation could adversely affect our business.

Our business depends upon earning and maintaining the trust and confidence of our customers, stockholders and employees. Damage to our reputation could cause significant harm to our business. Harm to our reputation can arise from numerous sources, including employee misconduct, vendor nonperformance, cybersecurity breaches, compliance failures, litigation or governmental investigations, among other things. In addition, a failure to deliver appropriate standards of service, or a failure or perceived failure to treat customers and clients fairly, can result in customer dissatisfaction, litigation, and heightened regulatory scrutiny, all of which can lead to lost revenue, higher operating costs and harm to our reputation. Adverse publicity about West Bank, whether or not true, may also result in harm to our business. Should any events or circumstances that could undermine our reputation occur, there can be no assurance that any lost revenue from customers opting to move their business to another institution and the additional costs and expenses that we may incur in addressing such issues would not adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to various legal claims and litigation.

We are periodically involved in routine litigation incidental to our business. Regardless of whether these claims and legal actions are founded or unfounded, if such legal actions are not resolved in a manner favorable to us, they may result in significant financial liability and/or adversely affect the Company’s reputation. In addition, litigation can be costly. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputational damage caused by these legal claims could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.

Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty or other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default by our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us cannot be realized or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the loan or derivative exposure due us. There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations or earnings.

We may experience difficulties in managing our growth.

In the future, we may decide to expand into additional communities or attempt to strengthen our position in our current markets through opportunistic acquisitions of all or part of other financial institutions or related businesses or through the hiring of teams of bankers from other financial institutions that we believe provide a strategic fit with our business, or by opening new locations. To the extent that we undertake acquisitions or new office openings, we are likely to experience the effects of higher operating expense relative to operating income from the new operations, which may have an adverse effect on our overall levels of reported net income, return on average equity and return on average assets. To the extent we hire teams of bankers from other financial institutions, our salaries and employee benefits expense will likely increase, which may have an adverse effect on our net income, without any guarantee that the new lending team will be successful in generating new business. Other effects of engaging in such growth strategies may include potential diversion of our management’s time and attention and general disruption to our business.

To the extent that we grow through acquisitions or office openings, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to adequately or profitably manage such growth. Acquiring other banks and businesses will involve risks similar to those commonly associated with new office openings, but may also involve additional risks. These additional risks include potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities of banks and businesses we acquire, exposure to potential asset quality issues of the acquired bank or related business, difficulty and expense of integrating the operations and personnel of banks and businesses we acquire, and the possible loss of key employees and customers of the banks and businesses we acquire.

Maintaining or increasing our market share may depend on lowering prices and the adoption of new products and services.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to adapt our products and services to evolving industry standards and customer needs. There may be increased pressure to provide products and services at lower prices. Lower prices can reduce our net interest margin and revenues from our fee-based products and services. In addition, the widespread adoption of new technologies could require us to make substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our existing products and services. Also, these and other capital investments in our business may not produce expected growth in earnings anticipated at the time of the expenditure. We may not be successful in introducing new products and services, achieving market acceptance of our products and services, or developing and maintaining loyal customers.

The loss of the services of any of our senior executive officers or key personnel could cause our business to suffer.

Much of our success is due to our ability to attract and retain senior management and key personnel experienced in banking and financial services who are very involved in the communities we currently serve. Our continued success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of relatively few individuals. In addition, our success depends in significant part upon our senior management’s ability to develop and implement our business strategies. The loss of services of a few of our senior executive officers or key personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, at least in the short term.


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Changes in interest rates could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Earnings in the banking industry, particularly the community bank segment, are substantially dependent on net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets (investments and loans) and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities (deposits and borrowings). Interest rates are sensitive to many factors, including government monetary and fiscal policies and domestic and international economic and political conditions. If interest rates increase, banks will experience competitive pressures to increase rates paid on deposits. Depending on competitive pressures, such deposit rate increases may occur faster than increases in rates received on loans, which may reduce net interest income during the transition periods. Changes in interest rates could also influence our ability to originate loans and obtain deposits, the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, and the average duration of our securities portfolio. Community banks, such as West Bank, rely more heavily than larger institutions on net interest income as a revenue source. Larger institutions generally have more diversified sources of noninterest income.

Our business is subject to domestic and, to a lesser extent, international economic conditions and other factors, many of which are beyond our control and could materially and adversely affect us.

Our financial performance generally, and in particular the ability of customers to pay interest on and repay principal on outstanding loans and the value of collateral securing those loans, as well as demand for loans and other products and services we offer, is highly dependent upon the business environment, not only in the markets where we operate, but also in the states of Iowa and Minnesota, generally, in the United States as a whole, and internationally. A favorable business environment is generally characterized by, among other factors, economic growth, efficient capital markets, low inflation, low unemployment, high business and investor confidence, and strong business earnings. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by declines in economic growth, business activity, or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; increases in inflation or interest rates; high unemployment; uncertainty in U.S. trade policies, legislation, treaties and tariffs; natural disasters; acts of war or terrorism; widespread disease or pandemics; or a combination of these or other factors. Such unfavorable conditions could materially and adversely affect us.

We are required to maintain capital to meet regulatory requirements, and if we fail to maintain sufficient capital, whether due to an inability to raise capital, operational losses, or otherwise, our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, as well as our ability to maintain regulatory compliance, could be adversely affected.

The Company and West Bank are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support their operations. The ability to raise additional capital, when and if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets, economic conditions, and a number of other factors, including investor perceptions regarding the banking industry and market conditions, and governmental activities, many of which are outside of our control, as well as on our financial condition and performance. Accordingly, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital, if needed, or on terms acceptable to us. Failure to meet these capital and other regulatory requirements could affect customer confidence, our ability to grow, the costs of funds, FDIC insurance costs, the ability to pay dividends on common stock and to make distributions on the junior subordinated debentures, the ability to make acquisitions, the ability to make certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, and the results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to an economic recession and had other severe effects on the U.S. economy and has disrupted our operations. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also adversely impacted certain industries in which our clients operate and impaired their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to us. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business remains uncertain but may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to negatively impact the United States and the world. The spread of COVID-19 has negatively impacted the U.S. economy at large, and small businesses in particular, and has disrupted our operations. The responses on the part of the U.S. and global governments and populations have created a recessionary environment, reduced economic activity and caused significant volatility in the global stock markets. We have experienced significant disruptions across our business due to these effects, which may in future periods lead to decreased earnings, significant loan defaults and slowdowns in our loan collections. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business remains uncertain but may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in a decline in the businesses of certain of our clients, a decrease in consumer confidence, and an increase in unemployment. Continued disruptions to our clients’ businesses could result in increased risk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures, and losses on our loans, negatively impact regional economic conditions, result in declines in local loan demand, liquidity of loan guarantors, the value of loan collateral (particularly in real estate), loan originations, and deposit availability and negatively impact the implementation of our growth strategy. Although the U.S. government introduced, and may introduce in the future, programs designed to soften the impact of COVID-19 on small businesses or provide stimulus checks to individuals, our borrowers may still not be able to satisfy their financial obligations to us.

In addition, COVID-19 has impacted and likely will continue to impact the financial ability of businesses and consumers to borrow money, which would negatively impact loan volumes. Certain of our borrowers are in, or have exposure to, the hotel, retail, restaurant and movie theater industries and are located in areas that are, or were, quarantined or under stay-at-home orders. COVID-19 may also have an adverse effect on our commercial real estate portfolio, particularly with respect to real estate with exposure to these industries, and our consumer loan portfolios. As COVID-19 cases have surged in recent months, any new or prolonged quarantine or stay-at-home orders would have a negative adverse impact on these borrowers and their revenue streams, which consequently impacts their ability to meet their financial obligations to us and could result in loan defaults.

The ultimate extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on our business will depend on many factors, primarily including the speed and extent of any recovery from the related economic recession. Among other things, this will depend on the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in our markets, the development, distribution and supply of vaccines, therapies and other public health initiatives to control the spread of the disease, the nature and size of federal economic stimulus and other governmental efforts, and the possibility of additional state lockdown or stay-at-home orders in our markets in response to surges in the number of COVID-19 cases.

The initial distribution of vaccines has been slow, and there may continue to be challenges with producing and distributing sufficient quantities of the vaccines. If the general public is unwilling or unable to access effective vaccines and therapies, this may also prolong the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, new variants of COVID-19 may increase the spread or severity of COVID-19 and previously developed vaccines and therapies may not be as effective against new COVID-19 variants.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic we may experience adverse financial consequences due to a number of other factors, including but not limited to:

•the negative effect on earnings resulting from the Bank modifying loans and agreeing to loan payment deferrals due to the COVID-19 crisis;
•increased demand on our liquidity as we meet borrowers’ needs, experience significant credit deterioration, and cover expenses related to our business continuity plan;
•the potential for reduced liquidity and its negative affect on our capital and leverage ratios;
•the modification of our business practices, including with respect to branch operations, employee travel, employee work locations, participation in meetings, events and conferences, and related changes for our vendors and other business partners;
•increases in federal and state taxes as a result of the effects of the pandemic and stimulus programs on governmental budgets;
•an increase in FDIC premiums if the agency experiences additional resolution costs relating to bank failures;
•increased cyber and payment fraud risk due to increased online and remote activity; and
•other operational failures due to changes in our normal business practices because of the pandemic and governmental actions to contain it.

Overall, we believe that the economic impact from COVID-19 will be severe and could have a material and adverse impact on our business and result in significant losses in our loan portfolio, all of which would adversely and materially impact our earnings and capital. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of the global economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the availability of credit, adverse impacts on liquidity and any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future. There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change.


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

The U.S. government and banking regulators, including the Federal Reserve, have taken a number of unprecedented actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which could ultimately have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the CARES Act, which established a $2.0 trillion economic stimulus package, including cash payments to individuals, supplemental unemployment insurance benefits and a $349.0 billion loan program administered through the SBA referred to as the PPP. In addition, on December 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, a $900.0 billion COVID-19 relief package that includes an additional $284.0 billion in PPP funding and Congress is in the process of negotiating additional stimulus bills and other actions in response to COVID-19. In addition to implementing the programs contemplated by these acts, the federal bank regulatory agencies have issued a steady stream of guidance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and have taken a number of unprecedented steps to help banks navigate the pandemic and mitigate its impact. These include, without limitation:

•requiring banks to focus on business continuity and pandemic planning;
•adding pandemic scenarios to stress testing;
•encouraging bank use of capital conservation buffers and reserves in lending programs;
•permitting certain regulatory reporting extensions;
•reducing margin requirements on swaps;
•permitting certain otherwise prohibited investments in investment funds;
•issuing guidance to encourage banks to work with customers affected by the pandemic and encourage loan workouts; and
•providing credit under the CRA for certain pandemic-related loans, investments, and public service.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the financial markets and the Federal Reserve has taken a number of actions in response. In March 2020, the Federal Reserve dramatically reduced the target federal funds rate and announced a $700 billion quantitative easing program in response to the expected economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the Federal Reserve reduced the interest that it pays on excess reserves. We expect that these reductions in interest rates, especially if prolonged, could adversely affect our net interest income, net interest margin and profitability. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business activities as a result of new government and regulatory laws, policies, programs, and guidelines, as well as market reactions to such activities, remains uncertain but may ultimately have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

COVID-19 has disrupted banking and other financial activities in the areas in which we operate and could potentially create widespread business continuity issues for us.

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the ability of our employees and clients to engage in banking and other financial transactions in the geographic areas in which we operate and could create widespread business continuity issues for us. We also could be adversely affected if key personnel or a significant number of employees were to become unavailable due to the effects and restrictions of an outbreak or escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic in our market areas, including because of illness, quarantines, government actions or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we have a business continuity plan and other safeguards in place, there is no assurance that such plan and safeguards will be effective. Further, we rely upon third-party vendors to conduct business and to process, record, and monitor transactions. If any of these vendors are unable to continue to provide us with these services, it could negatively impact our ability to serve our clients.

As a participating lender in the PPP, the Company and the Bank are subject to additional risks of litigation from the Bank’s customers or other parties regarding the Bank’s processing of loans for the PPP and risks that the SBA may not fund some or all PPP loan guarantees.

The CARES Act included a $349.0 billion loan program administered through the SBA referred to as the PPP. Under the PPP, small businesses and other entities and individuals could apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enrolled in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The Bank participated as a lender in the PPP. The PPP opened on April 3, 2020; however, because of the short timeframe between the passing of the CARES Act and the opening of the PPP, there was some ambiguity in the laws, rules, and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP, which exposed us to risks relating to noncompliance with the PPP. On April 24, 2020, an additional $310.0 billion in funding for PPP loans was authorized and such funds became available for PPP loans beginning on April 27, 2020. In addition, on December 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, a $900.0 billion COVID-19 relief package that includes an additional $284.0 billion in PPP funding.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Since the opening of the PPP, several other larger banks have been subject to litigation regarding the process and procedures that such banks used in processing applications for the PPP and claims related to agent fees. The Company and the Bank may be exposed to the risk of similar litigation, from both customers and non-customers that approached the Bank regarding PPP loans, regarding its process and procedures used in processing applications for the PPP, or litigation from agents with respect to agent fees. If any such litigation is filed against the Company or the Bank and is not resolved in a manner favorable to the Company or the Bank, it may result in significant financial liability or adversely affect the Company’s reputation. In addition, litigation can be costly, regardless of outcome. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputational damage caused by PPP related litigation could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, it has been reported that many borrowers fraudulently obtained PPP loans through the program. We may be subject to regulatory and litigation risk if any of our PPP borrowers used fraudulent means to obtain a PPP loan.

The Bank also has credit risk on PPP loans if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded, or serviced by the Bank, such as an issue with the eligibility of a borrower to receive a PPP loan, which may or may not be related to the ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP, or if the borrower fraudulently obtained a PPP loan. In the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner in which the PPP loan was originated, funded, or serviced by the Company, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from the Company.

Risks Related to the Supervision and Regulation of the Banking Industry and Government Policies

We may be materially and adversely affected by the highly regulated environment in which we operate.

We are subject to extensive federal and state regulation, supervision and examination. A more detailed description of the primary federal and state banking laws and regulations that affect us is contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-K in the section captioned “Supervision and Regulation.” Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors’ funds, FDIC funds, customers and the banking system as a whole, rather than our stockholders. These regulations affect our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and growth, among other things.

As a financial holding company, we are subject to extensive regulation and supervision and undergo periodic examinations by our regulators, who have extensive discretion and authority to prevent or remedy unsafe or unsound practices or violations of law by banks and financial holding companies. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil monetary penalties and/or damage to our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on us. Although we have policies and procedures designed to mitigate the risk of any such violations, there can be no assurance that such violations will not occur.

Current or proposed regulatory or legislative changes to laws applicable to the financial industry may impact the profitability of our business activities and may change certain of our business practices, including our ability to offer new products, obtain financing, attract deposits, make loans and achieve satisfactory interest spreads, and could expose us to additional costs, including increased compliance costs. In addition, political developments, including possible changes in law introduced by the Biden administration or the appointment of new personnel in regulatory agencies, add uncertainty to the implementation, scope and timing of regulatory reforms. These changes also may require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes to operations in order to comply and could therefore also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the money supply and credit conditions. Among the options available to the Federal Reserve to implement these objectives are open market operations in U.S. government securities, adjustments of the discount rate, and changes in reserve requirements against bank deposits. These monetary policy options are used in varying combinations to influence overall economic growth and the distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits. Their use also affects interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.

The monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. The specific effects of such policies upon our business, financial condition and results of operations cannot be predicted.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Other Risks Related to the Banking Industry in General

Technology is changing rapidly and may put us at a competitive disadvantage.

The banking industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. Effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables banks to better serve customers. Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to effectively implement new technology. Many of our larger competitors have substantially greater resources than we do to invest in technological improvements. As a result, they may be able to offer, or more quickly offer, additional or superior products that could put West Bank at a competitive disadvantage.

Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions that historically have involved banks through alternative methods. For example, consumers can now maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A transition away from LIBOR as a reference rate for financial contracts could negatively affect our income and expenses and the value of various financial contracts.

LIBOR is used extensively in the United States and globally as a benchmark for various financial contracts, including adjustable rate mortgages, corporate debt and interest rate swaps. LIBOR is set based on interest information reported by certain banks, which may stop reporting such information after 2021. Other benchmarks may perform differently than LIBOR or alternative benchmarks have performed in the past or have other consequences that cannot currently be anticipated. It is also uncertain what will happen with instruments that rely on LIBOR for future interest rate adjustments and which remain outstanding if LIBOR ceases to exist.

While there is no consensus on what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of U.S. financial market participants, selected by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, started in May 2018 to publish the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as an alternative to LIBOR. SOFR is a broad measure of the cost of overnight borrowings collateralized by Treasury securities that was selected by the Alternative Reference Rate Committee due to the depth and robustness of the Treasury repurchase market. At this time, it is impossible to predict whether SOFR will become an accepted alternative to LIBOR.

We have investment securities available for sale, loans, derivative contracts and subordinated debentures with attributes that are either directly or indirectly dependent on LIBOR. The transition from LIBOR to alternative rates, such as SOFR, could create considerable costs and additional risk. Since proposed alternative rates are calculated differently, payments under contracts referencing new rates will differ from those referencing LIBOR. The transition will change our market risk profiles, requiring changes to risk and pricing models, valuation tools, product design and hedging strategies. Furthermore, failure to adequately manage this transition process with our customers could adversely impact our reputation. In addition, any such transition could: (i) adversely affect the interest rates paid or received on, the revenue and expenses associated with, and the value of our floating-rate obligations, loans, deposits, derivatives, and other financial instruments tied to LIBOR rates, or other securities or financial arrangements given LIBOR’s role in determining market interest rates globally; (ii) prompt inquiries or other actions from regulators in respect of our preparation and readiness for the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate; (iii) result in disputes, litigation or other actions with counterparties regarding the interpretation and enforceability of certain fallback language in LIBOR-based securities; and (iv) require the transition to or development of appropriate systems and analytics to effectively transition our risk management process from LIBOR-based products to those based on the applicable alternative pricing benchmark, such as SOFR. Although we are currently unable to assess what the ultimate impact of the transition from LIBOR will be, failure to adequately manage the transition could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Risks Related to West Bancorporation’s Common Stock

Our stock is relatively thinly traded.

Although our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the average daily trading volume of our common stock is relatively small compared to many public companies. The desired market characteristics of depth, liquidity, and orderliness require the substantial presence of willing buyers and sellers in the marketplace at any given time. In our case, this presence depends on the individual decisions of a relatively small number of investors and general economic and market conditions over which we have no control. Due to the relatively small trading volume of our common stock, significant sales of our common stock, or the expectation of these sales, could cause the stock price to fall more than would be justified by the inherent worth of the Company. Conversely, attempts to purchase a significant amount of our stock could cause the market price to rise above the reasonable inherent worth of the Company.

The stock market can be volatile, and fluctuations in our operating results and other factors could cause our stock price to decline.

The stock market has experienced, and may continue to experience, fluctuations that significantly impact the market prices of securities issued by many companies. Market fluctuations could adversely affect our stock price. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, systemic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, loss of investor confidence, interest rate changes, government shutdowns, presidential elections, international trade wars or international currency fluctuations may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. Moreover, our operating results may fluctuate and vary from period to period due to the risk factors set forth herein. As a result, period-to-period comparisons should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our stock price could fluctuate significantly in response to the impact of these risk factors.

Issuing additional common or preferred stock may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, and capital may not be available when needed.

The Company may issue additional shares of common or preferred stock in order to raise capital at some date in the future to support continued growth, either internally generated or through acquisitions. Common shares have been and will be issued through the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, and, if approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2021 annual meeting, the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, as grants of restricted stock units vest. As additional shares of common or preferred stock are issued, the ownership interests of our existing stockholders may be diluted. The market price of our common stock might decline or fail to increase in response to issuing additional common or preferred stock. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of our control. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital, if needed, on acceptable terms. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, our ability to further expand our operations could be materially impaired and our financial condition and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.

The holders of our junior subordinated debentures have rights that are senior to those of our common stockholders.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $20.6 million in junior subordinated debentures outstanding that were issued to the Company’s subsidiary trust, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I. The junior subordinated debentures are senior to the Company’s shares of common stock. As a result, the Company must make payments on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities (TPS)) before any dividends can be paid on its common stock, and in the event of the Company’s bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the debentures must be satisfied before any distributions can be made to the holders of the common stock. The Company has the right to defer distributions on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related TPS) for up to five years during which time no dividends may be paid to holders of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s ability to pay future distributions depends upon the earnings of West Bank and the issuance of dividends from West Bank to the Company, which may be inadequate to service the obligations. Interest payments on the junior subordinated debentures underlying the TPS are classified as a “dividend” by the Federal Reserve supervisory policies and therefore are subject to applicable restrictions and approvals imposed by the Federal Reserve Board.


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

There can be no assurances concerning continuing dividend payments.

Our common stockholders are only entitled to receive the dividends declared by our Board of Directors. Although we have historically paid quarterly dividends on our common stock, there can be no assurances that we will be able to continue to pay regular quarterly dividends or that any dividends we do declare will be in any particular amount. The primary source of money to pay our dividends comes from dividends paid to the Company by West Bank. West Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company is subject to, among other things, its earnings, financial condition and applicable regulations, which in some instances limit the amount that may be paid as dividends.

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

There are no unresolved comments from the SEC staff.

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES

The corporate office of the Company is located in the main office building of West Bank, at 1601 22nd Street in West Des Moines, Iowa. West Bank leases its main banking office, along with additional office space for operational departments. West Bank operates 12 branch offices in addition to its main office. Six branch offices in the Des Moines, Iowa, metropolitan area are leased. Three of the branch offices are full-service locations, while the other three are drive-up only, express locations. West Bank also leases three full-service branch offices in Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud, Minnesota. West Bank owns three full-service branch offices in Coralville and Waukee, Iowa, and Rochester, Minnesota. We believe each of our facilities is adequate to meet our needs.
In October 2020, West Bank purchased land in Sartell, Minnesota, a suburb of St. Cloud, for the purpose of constructing a full-service office to serve all of the St. Cloud, Minnesota metropolitan area. West Bank will own the land and building for the St. Cloud branch office, and construction is expected to be completed by the end of 2021.
ITEM 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Neither the Company nor West Bank is party to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary litigation incidental to West Bank’s business, and no property of these entities is the subject of any such proceeding. The Company does not know of any proceedings contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or West Bank.

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

West Bancorporation common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “WTBA”. There were 169 holders of record of the Company’s common stock as of February 19, 2021, and an estimated 3,200 additional beneficial holders whose stock was held in street name by brokerages or fiduciaries.  The closing price of the Company’s common stock was $22.15 on February 19, 2021.

In the aggregate, cash dividends paid to common stockholders in 2020 and 2019 were $0.84 and $0.83 per common share, respectively. Dividend declarations are evaluated and determined by the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis, and the dividends are paid quarterly. The Company intends to continue its policy of paying quarterly dividends; however, the ability of the Company to pay dividends in the future will depend primarily upon the earnings of West Bank and its ability to pay dividends to the Company, economic factors, including the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as regulatory requirements of the Federal Reserve relating to the payment of dividends by bank holding companies.

The ability of West Bank to pay dividends is governed by various statutes. These statutes provide that a bank may pay dividends only out of undivided profits. In addition, applicable bank regulatory authorities have the power to require any bank to suspend the payment of dividends until the bank complies with all requirements that may be imposed by such authorities.


29
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

The following performance graph provides information regarding the cumulative, five-year return on an indexed basis of the common stock of the Company as compared with the Nasdaq Composite Index and the SNL Midwest Bank Index prepared by S&P Global Market Intelligence. The latter index reflects the performance of bank holding companies operating principally in the Midwest as selected by S&P Global Market Intelligence. The indices assume the investment of $100 on December 31, 2015, in the common stock of the Company, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the SNL Midwest Bank Index, with all dividends reinvested. The Company’s common stock price performance shown in the following graph is not indicative of future stock price performance.

WTBA-20201231_G1.JPG
Period Ending
Index 12/31/2015 12/31/2016 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020
West Bancorporation, Inc. 100.00  129.71  136.16  106.84  148.99  116.10 
Nasdaq Composite 100.00  108.87  141.13  137.12  187.44  271.64 
SNL Midwest Bank 100.00  133.61  143.58  122.61  159.51  136.96 
*Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence.  Used with permission.  All rights reserved.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

ITEM 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Not applicable.
ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

INTRODUCTION

The Company’s financial highlights and key performance measures are presented in the table below.

As of and for the Years Ended December 31
2020 2019 2018
Performance Ratios
Return on average assets 1.19  % 1.20  % 1.31  %
Return on average equity 15.49  % 14.34  % 15.68  %
Efficiency ratio (1)(2)
41.96  % 50.96  % 48.33  %
Texas ratio (1)
6.40  % 0.23  % 0.93  %
Dividends and Per Share Data
Cash dividends per common share $ 0.84  $ 0.83  $ 0.78 
Basic earnings per common share 1.99  1.75  1.75 
Diluted earnings per common share 1.98  1.74  1.74 
Dividend payout ratio 42.23  % 47.33  % 44.53  %
Dividend yield 4.35  % 3.24  % 4.09  %
Operating Results and Year-End Balances
Net income $ 32,712  $ 28,690  $ 28,508 
Total assets 3,185,744  2,473,691  2,296,568 
Stockholders’ equity 223,695  211,820  191,023 
Average equity to average assets ratio 7.71  % 8.38  % 8.38  %
Definition of ratios:
•Return on average assets - net income divided by average assets.
•Return on average equity - net income divided by average equity.
•Efficiency ratio - noninterest expense (excluding other real estate owned expense and write-down of premises) divided by noninterest income (excluding net securities gains/losses and gains/losses on disposition of premises and equipment) plus tax-equivalent net interest income.
•Texas ratio - total nonperforming assets divided by tangible common equity plus the allowance for loan losses.
•Dividend payout ratio - dividends paid to common stockholders divided by net income.
•Dividend yield - dividends per share paid to common stockholders divided by closing year-end stock price.
•Average equity to average assets ratio - average equity divided by average assets.

(1) A lower ratio is better.
(2) As presented, this is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" of this item

The Company’s 2020 net income was $32,712 compared to $28,690 in 2019. Net income for 2020 was a record for the Company. Basic and diluted earnings per common share for 2020 were $1.99 and $1.98, respectively, compared to $1.75 and 1.74, respectively, in 2019. During 2020, we paid our common stockholders $13,815 ($0.84 per common share) in dividends compared to $13,578 ($0.83 per common share) in 2019. The dividend declared and paid in the first quarter of 2021 was $0.22 per common share compared to $0.21 per common share for the fourth quarter of 2020, and was the highest quarterly dividend ever paid by the Company.


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(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Our loan portfolio grew to $2,280,575 as of December 31, 2020, from $1,941,663 as of December 31, 2019. This loan growth included $180,757 of PPP loans as of December 31, 2020. Deposits increased to $2,700,994 as of December 31, 2020, from $2,014,756 as of December 31, 2019. The growth in deposit balances was primarily due to changes in customer behavior as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and our customers’ desire to retain liquidity, as well as a result of additional funds provided to individuals and businesses by government relief programs. The increase in deposit balances had a direct impact on our asset balances and liquidity position at year end as funds were deployed in loan originations, investment security purchases and federal funds sold. Total assets were $3,185,744 at December 31, 2020, compared to $2,473,691 at December 31, 2019, a 28.8 percent increase. Our balance sheet may decrease and the mix of assets and liabilities may change in 2021. Loans and deposits may decrease as customer behavior adjusts to economic uncertainties created by the duration of the COVID pandemic, reductions in broad-based government relief programs and the efficiency of the rollout of COVID-19 vaccinations.

The Company has a quantitative peer analysis program in place for evaluating its results. The peer group is periodically reviewed, and was revised in the first quarter of 2020 after evaluating financial institutions that we believe better reflect our Company, particularly in terms of market capitalization, asset size, employee headcount and loan portfolio composition. The Company is in the middle of the group in terms of asset size. The group of 21 Midwestern, publicly traded, peer financial institutions against which we compared our performance for 2020 consisted of Bank First Corporation, Civista Bancshares, Inc., CrossFirst Bankshares, Inc., Equity Bancshares, Inc., Farmers National Banc Corp., Farmers & Merchants Bancorp, First Business Financial Services, Inc., First Financial Corp., First Mid Bancshares, Inc., German American Bancorp, Inc., Hills Bancorporation, Isabella Bank Corporation, LCNB Corp., Level One Bancorp, Inc., Macatawa Bank Corporation, Mackinac Financial Corporation, Mercantile Bank Corporation, MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc., Nicolet Bankshares, Inc., Peoples Bancorp, Inc., and Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. The Company's goal is to perform at or near the top of this peer group relative to what we consider to be three key metrics: return on average equity, efficiency ratio and Texas ratio. We believe these measures encompass the factors that define the performance of a community bank. Company and peer results for the key financial performance measures are summarized below.
West Bancorporation, Inc. Peer Group Range
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2020
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (2)
Return on average equity 15.49%  -24.14% - 13.74%
Efficiency ratio* (1)
41.96%    45.85% - 70.99%
Texas ratio* 6.40%      2.61% - 16.72%
* A lower ratio is better.
(1)    As presented, this is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Item.
(2)    Latest data available.

Our earnings outlook is positive, and we have strong capital resources. We anticipate the Company will be profitable in 2021 at a level that compares with that of our peers. The amount of our future profit is dependent, in large part, on our ability to continue to grow the loan portfolio, the amount of loan losses we incur, fluctuations in market interest rates, the strength of the local and national economy, and the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The following discussion describes the consolidated operations and financial condition of the Company, including its subsidiary West Bank and West Bank’s special purpose subsidiaries. Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 are compared to the results for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2020 is compared to December 31, 2019. Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the results for the year ended December 31, 2018 can be found in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the Company’s 2019 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020.

SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS - IMPACT OF COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic, and efforts to contain it, have had a complex and significant adverse impact on the economy, the banking industry and the Company. The impact on future fiscal periods is subject to a high degree of uncertainty.


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(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Effects on Our Market Areas. Our commercial and consumer banking products and services are offered primarily in Iowa and Minnesota, where individual and government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic led to broad curtailment of economic activity beginning in March 2020. In Iowa and Minnesota, schools closed for the remainder of the school year, most retail establishments, including restaurants and entertainment venues, were ordered to close for varying lengths of time, and travel and non-critical healthcare services were significantly curtailed. Since the initial shut down in March 2020, phased reopening plans began in mid-May subject to public health reopening guidelines, including social distancing and limitations on capacity. Schools and colleges have reopened under various in-person, online and hybrid learning models. Recent increases in COVID-19 transmission has lead to additional targeted closures and restrictions. These measures have had a lasting impact on the economies of and customers located in these states. The Bank remained open during the closures as banks had been identified as essential services. Initially, the Bank continued to serve its customers through its drive-ups and Video Teller Machines and inside its branch offices by appointment only. Our full service branch lobbies reopened to walk-in customer activity in June 2020.

Both states in our market areas experienced increases in unemployment levels in 2020 as a result of the curtailment of business activities. Unemployment in Iowa was 3.1 percent in December 2020, after peaking at 11.0 percent in April 2020, according to the Iowa Workforce Development. Unemployment in Minnesota was 4.4 percent in December 2020, after peaking at 9.9 percent in May 2020, according to the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development.

Policy and Regulatory Developments. Federal, state and local governments and regulatory authorities have enacted and issued a range of policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the following:

•The Federal Reserve decreased the range for the federal funds target rate by 0.5 percent on March 3, 2020, and by another 1.0 percent on March 16, 2020, reaching a current range of 0.0 - 0.25 percent.

•On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the CARES Act, which established a $2 trillion economic stimulus package, including cash payments to individuals, supplemental unemployment insurance benefits and a $349 billion loan program administered through the SBA, referred to as the PPP. After the initial $349 billion in funds for the PPP was exhausted, an additional $310 billion in funding for PPP loans was authorized. As of December 31, 2020 the Bank originated $224,489 in PPP loans as a lender in the program in 2020. In addition, on December 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, a $900.0 billion COVID-19 relief package that included an additional $284.0 billion in PPP funding.

•In addition, the CARES Act, as extended by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriation Act of 2021 (a part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021), provides financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. See Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional disclosure of TDRs.

•On April 7, 2020, federal banking regulators issued a revised Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions, which, among other things, encouraged financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19, and stated that institutions generally do not need to categorize COVID-19-related modifications as TDRs and that the agencies will not direct supervised institutions to automatically categorize all COVID-19-related loan modifications as TDRs. See Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional disclosure of TDRs. On April 9, 2020, the Federal Reserve announced additional measures aimed at supporting small and mid-sized businesses, as well as state and local governments impacted by COVID-19. The Federal Reserve announced the Main Street Business Lending Program, which established two new loan facilities intended to facilitate lending to small and mid-sized businesses: (1) the Main Street New Loan Facility, or MSNLF, and (2) the Main Street Expanded Loan Facility, or MSELF. MSNLF loans are unsecured term loans originated on or after April 8, 2020, while MSELF loans are provided as upsized tranches of existing loans originated before April 8, 2020. The combined size of the program is authorized up to $600 billion.
•On August 3, 2020, the FFIEC issued a Joint Statement on Additional Loan Accommodations Related to COVID-19, which, among other things, encouraged financial institutions to consider prudent additional loan accommodation options when borrowers are unable to meet their obligations due to continuing financial challenges. Accommodation options should be based on prudent risk management and consumer protection principles.


33
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


•In addition to the policy responses described above, the federal bank regulatory agencies, along with their state counterparts, have issued a stream of guidance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and have taken a number of unprecedented steps to help banks navigate the pandemic and mitigate its impact. These include, without limitation: requiring banks to focus on business continuity and pandemic planning; adding pandemic scenarios to stress testing; encouraging bank use of capital buffers and reserves in lending programs; permitting certain regulatory reporting extensions; reducing margin requirements on swaps; permitting certain otherwise prohibited investments in investment funds; issuing guidance to encourage banks to work with customers affected by the pandemic and encourage loan workouts; and providing credit under the CRA for certain pandemic related loans, investments and public service. Moreover, because of the need for social distancing measures, the agencies revamped the manner in which they conducted periodic examinations of their regular institutions, including making greater use of off-site reviews. The Federal Reserve also issued guidance encouraging banking institutions to utilize its discount window for loans and intraday credit extended by its Reserve Banks to help households and businesses impacted by the pandemic and announced numerous funding facilities. The FDIC has also acted to mitigate the deposit insurance assessment effects of participating in the PPP and the Federal Reserve's PPP Liquidity Facility and Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility.

Effects on Our Business. The COVID-19 pandemic and the specific developments referred to above have had and will continue to have a significant impact on our business. In particular, we anticipate that a significant portion of the Bank’s borrowers in the hotel, restaurant, retail and movie theater industries will continue to endure significant economic distress, which has caused, and may continue to cause, them to draw on their existing lines of credit and adversely affect their ability to repay existing indebtedness, and may adversely impact the value of collateral. These developments, together with economic conditions generally, are also expected to impact our commercial real estate portfolio, particularly with respect to real estate with exposure to these industries, and the value of certain collateral securing our loans. As a result, our financial condition, capital levels and results of operations could be adversely affected, as described in further detail below.

Our Response. We took numerous steps in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the following:

•We actively worked with loan customers to evaluate prudent loan modification terms. In 2020, West Bank provided loan modification for nearly 300 loans totaling over $550,000. As of December 31, 2020, 35 loans totaling $139,940, or 6.1 percent of total loans, were in payment deferral status under COVID-19-related modifications. The modifications included a deferral of principal and/or interest payments. Expiration of the deferrals range from January 2021 through June 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the modifications are for hotel loans totaling $64,449, movie theater loans totaling $17,863, mixed-use commercial real estate loans totaling $38,177 and other commercial and commercial real estate loans totaling $19,451.
•In 2020, West Bank originated 925 PPP loans totaling $224,489. As of December 31, 2020, total outstanding PPP loans were $180,757. Borrowers are in the process of filing for forgiveness with the SBA. When the borrower applies for loan forgiveness, the Bank has 60 days to submit the application to the SBA. The SBA then has 90 days to approve the loan forgiveness. We expect the forgiveness process to extend into the second quarter of 2021. Additionally, a second round of PPP loans began in January 2021, and the Company is a participating lender in this program. As of February 19, 2021, West Bank has originated 256 loans totaling approximately $43,100 in the second round program.

•From mid-March through the end of June 2020, we limited all branch activity to drive-up and appointment only services. We continue to promote our digital banking options through our website, and encourage customers to utilize our online and mobile banking services. Our customer service and retail banking departments have remained fully staffed and available to assist customers through our various digital channels. As we reopened our lobbies for customer activity, we implemented various social distancing and cleaning protocols recommended by governmental health departments to protect the health and safety of our employees and customers. We have successfully deployed a modified working strategy, including emphasis on social distancing and remote work as necessary to emphasize the safety of our teams and continuity of our business processes. We continue to pay all employees according to their normal work schedule, even if their workload has been altered. No employees have been furloughed or laid off as a result of COVID-19.

34
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Liquidity and Capital Strength. We maintain access to multiple sources of liquidity and continually review these sources in preparation for any unforeseen funding needs due to COVID-19. The Company has funding available from the FHLB, along with access to federal funds lines with various correspondent banks and access to the brokered certificate of deposit market. In addition, the Company has borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve discount window and has access to the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility established by the Federal Reserve. If an extended recession causes large numbers of the Company’s deposit customers to withdraw their funds, the Company might become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of wholesale funding, which could have an adverse effect on the Company's net interest margin.

The Company's capital ratios continue to exceed the highest required regulatory benchmark levels. We have, in recent years, raised our quarterly dividend in the second quarter of each year. However, due to the uncertainty facing our economy, our Board of Directors kept the dividend at the 2019 level of $0.21 per share for all of 2020. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.22 per common share, an increase of $0.01 from the quarterly dividends paid in 2020.

Exposure to Stressed Industries. Certain industries have been particularly impacted by shutdowns, capacity restrictions, quarantines and social distancing guidelines in response to COVID-19 and efforts to contain it. The most significant impact to our customer base has been in the hospitality and entertainment industries. At December 31, 2020, West Bank's total commercial real estate and commercial operating loan exposure to the hotel, retail, restaurant and movie theater industries was approximately $197,199 $104,515, $23,671 and $17,863, respectively. Collectively, at December 31, 2020, those exposures made up approximately 15.1 percent of the total loan portfolio. Because of the significant uncertainties related to the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential effects on our customers, and on the national and local economy as a whole, there can be no assurances as to how the crisis may ultimately affect the Company's loan portfolio.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

This report is based on the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP established by the FASB. The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. These estimates are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Based on its consideration of accounting policies that involve the most complex and subjective estimates and judgments, management has identified its most critical accounting policies to be those related to the fair value of financial instruments and the allowance for loan losses.

The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts business. A framework has been established for measuring the fair value of financial instruments that considers the attributes specific to particular assets or liabilities and includes a three-level hierarchy for determining fair value based on the transparency of inputs to each valuation as of the measurement date. The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments using a variety of valuation methods. When financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value and are classified as Level 1. When financial instruments, such as investment securities and derivatives, are not actively traded, the Company determines fair value based on various sources and may apply matrix pricing with observable prices for similar instruments where a price for the identical instrument is not observable. The fair values of these financial instruments, which are classified as Level 2, are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data such as interest rate volatilities, yield curves, credit spreads, prices from external market data providers and/or nonbinding broker-dealer quotations. When observable inputs do not exist, the Company estimates fair value based on available market data, and these values are classified as Level 3. Imprecision in estimating fair values can impact the carrying value of assets and the amount of revenue or loss recorded.


35
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that collectability of the principal is unlikely. The Company has policies and procedures for evaluating the overall credit quality of its loan portfolio, including timely identification of potential problem loans. On a quarterly basis, management reviews the appropriate level for the allowance for loan losses, incorporating a variety of risk considerations, both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative factors include the Company’s historical loss experience, delinquency and charge-off trends, collateral values, known information about individual loans and other factors. Qualitative factors include the general economic environment in the Company’s market areas and the expected trend of those economic conditions. While management uses the best information available to make its evaluation, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if there are significant changes in economic conditions or the other factors considered. To the extent that actual results differ from forecasts and management’s judgment, the allowance for loan losses may be greater or less than future charge-offs.

The measurement of the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2020 included quantitative and qualitative factors. The historical net loan loss experience had virtually no impact on the measurement of the allowance for loan losses as West Bank has had cumulative net loan recoveries over the past five years. Management’s assessment of qualitative factors applied to loans collectively evaluated for impairment were influenced by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on borrowers and broader economic conditions. The portion of the allowance for loan losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment increased $9,201 to a total of $26,436, or 1.16 percent of outstanding loans, as of December 31, 2020 compared to $17,235, or 0.89 percent of outstanding loans, as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020, there were $3,000 in specific reserves related to loans individually evaluated for impairment compared to none as of December 31, 2019. The specific reserves resulted from the downgrade in credit quality of one borrower due to the severe economic impact of COVID-19 on its business. The specific impairment was determined after evaluating the value of the underlying collateral.
36
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

This report contains references to financial measures that are not defined in GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures include the Company’s presentation of net interest income and net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis, the presentation of the efficiency ratio on an FTE basis, excluding certain income and expenses, and the presentation of the allowance for loan losses ratio, excluding PPP loans. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to both management and investors to analyze and evaluate the Company’s financial performance. Net interest income and net interest margin on an FTE basis and the efficiency ratio on an FTE basis are considered standard measures of comparison within the banking industry. Allowance for loan losses to total loans, excluding PPP loans is a non-GAAP measure that serves as a useful measurement to evaluate the allowance for loan losses without the impact of SBA guaranteed PPP loans. Limitations associated with non-GAAP financial measures include the risks that persons might disagree as to the appropriateness of items included in these measures and that different companies might calculate these measures differently. These non-GAAP disclosures should not be considered an alternative to the Company’s GAAP results. The following table reconciles the non-GAAP financial measures of net interest income, net interest margin, and efficiency ratio on an FTE basis, loans, net of PPP loans and allowance for loan losses ratio, excluding PPP loans to their most directly comparable measures under GAAP.
  As and for the Years Ended December 31
2020 2019 2018
Reconciliation of net interest income and net interest margin on an FTE basis to GAAP:
Net interest income (GAAP) $ 82,833  $ 66,430  $ 62,058 
Tax-equivalent adjustment (1)
707  834  1,528 
Net interest income on an FTE basis (non-GAAP)
$ 83,540 $ 67,264 $ 63,586
Average interest-earning assets $ 2,614,342  $ 2,277,461  $ 2,075,372 
Net interest margin on an FTE basis (non-GAAP) 3.20  % 2.95  % 3.06%
Reconciliation of efficiency ratio on an FTE basis to GAAP:
Net interest income on an FTE basis (non-GAAP) $ 83,540  $ 67,264  $ 63,586 
Noninterest income 9,602 8,318 7,752
Adjustment for realized investment securities (gains) losses, net
(77) 87  263
Adjustment for losses on disposal of premises and
    equipment, net
9  —  109
Adjustment for gain on sale of premises —  (307) — 
Adjusted income $ 93,074  $ 75,362  $ 71,710 
Noninterest expense $ 39,054  $ 38,406  $ 34,992
Adjustment for write-down of premises —  —  (333)
Adjusted expense $ 39,054  $ 38,406  $ 34,659 
Efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis (non-GAAP) (2)
41.96  % 50.96  % 48.33%
Reconciliation of allowance for loan losses ratio, excluding PPP loans:
Loans outstanding (GAAP) $ 2,280,575  $ 1,941,663  $ 1,721,830
Less: PPP loans (180,757) —  — 
Loans, net of PPP loans (non-GAAP) 2,099,818  1,941,663  1,721,830 
Allowance for loan losses 29,436  17,235  16,689
Allowance for loan losses ratio, excluding PPP loans (non-GAAP) 1.40  % 0.89  % 0.97  %
(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent, adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans. Management believes the presentation of this non-GAAP measure provides supplemental useful information for proper understanding of the financial results, as it enhances the comparability of income arising from taxable and nontaxable sources.
(2) The efficiency ratio expresses noninterest expense as a percent of fully taxable equivalent net interest income and noninterest income, excluding specific noninterest income and expenses. Management believes the presentation of this non-GAAP measure provides supplemental useful information for proper understanding of the financial performance. It is a standard measure of comparison within the banking industry.

37
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - 2020 COMPARED TO 2019

OVERVIEW

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2020, was $32,712, compared to $28,690 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Basic and diluted earnings per common share for 2020 were $1.99 and $1.98, respectively, and were $1.75 and 1.74, respectively for 2019.

The increase in 2020 net income compared to 2019 was primarily the result of higher net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by an increase in provision for loan losses. Net interest income grew $16,403, or 24.7 percent, in 2020 compared to 2019. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to the decrease in interest expense on deposits and other borrowings. Interest expense decreased $14,845, or 46.0 percent, compared to 2019, primarily due to the Federal Reserve’s reductions in the targeted federal funds rate that occurred in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the economic conditions and reduction in market interest rates, West Bank lowered its interest rates in March 2020 in almost all deposit categories.

The Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $12,000 in 2020 compared to a provision for loan losses of $600 in 2019. The increase in the provision for loan losses was due to the uncertainty surrounding economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and slow economic recovery in the hotel and entertainment industries, and an increase in specific reserves on impaired loans.

Noninterest income increased $1,284, or 15.4 percent, in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to loan swap fees earned on back-to-back interest rate swaps and realized investment securities gains in 2020, compared to losses in 2019. Noninterest expense grew $648, or 1.7 percent, in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to an increase in FDIC insurance expense.

The Company has consistently used the efficiency ratio as one of its key financial metrics to measure expense control. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company’s efficiency ratio decreased to 41.96 percent from the prior year’s ratio of 50.96 percent. This ratio is computed by dividing noninterest expense (excluding other real estate owned expense and write-down of premises) by the sum of tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income (excluding net investment securities gains or losses and gains or losses on disposition of premises and equipment), and a lower ratio is better. The higher efficiency ratio in 2019 was attributable to our expansion of operations in the three new Minnesota markets of Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud. In March 2019, the Company began operations in these three new Minnesota markets. The financial results of 2019 included certain operational and business development costs directly related to the Minnesota expansion totaling approximately $2.8 million on a pretax basis, while net interest income and fee income in these markets was approximately $1.1 million in 2019. The expense drag from the ramp up of these operations resulted in a higher than normal efficiency ratio in 2019. We entered 2020 with profitable operations in these new markets. The lower efficiency ratio in 2020, compared to 2019, was primarily the result of profitable operations in the new Minnesota markets and the decrease in interest expense, which was attributable to the Federal Reserve’s reductions in the federal funds rate.

The Texas ratio, which is the ratio of nonperforming assets to tangible common equity plus the allowance for loan losses, increased to 6.40 percent as of December 31, 2020, compared to 0.23 percent as of December 31, 2019. A lower Texas ratio indicates a stronger credit quality condition. The increase in our Texas ratio in 2020 was primarily due to an increase in nonaccrual loans resulting from the downgrade in the credit quality of one borrower due to the severe economic impact of COVID-19 on its business. For more discussion on loan quality, see the “Loan Portfolio” and “Summary of the Allowance for Loan Losses” sections in this Item of this Form 10-K.

38
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Net Interest Income

Net interest income increased to $82,833 for 2020 from $66,430 for 2019, as the impact of the growth of interest-earning assets and decrease in average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities exceeded the effects of an increase in average balance of interest-bearing liabilities and decrease in average yields on interest-earning assets. The net interest margin for 2020 increased 25 basis points to 3.20 percent compared to 2.95 percent for 2019. The average yield on earning assets decreased by 51 basis points, while the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 91 basis points. The primary driver of the increase in the net interest margin was a decrease in interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowed funds and an increase in average loan balances, partially offset by a decrease in yield on loans and investments. The Federal Reserve decreased the targeted federal funds rate by a total of 150 basis points during the first quarter of 2020. Management expects these reductions in the targeted federal funds rate will result in continued low rates paid on deposits and declining yields on loans in 2021. For additional analysis of net interest income, see the section captioned “Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity; Interest Rates; and Interest Differential” in this Item of this Form 10-K.

Provision for Loan Losses and Loan Quality

The allowance for loan losses, which totaled $29,436 as of December 31, 2020, represented 1.29 percent of total loans and 181.8 percent of nonperforming loans at year end, compared to 0.89 percent and 3,203.5 percent, respectively, as of December 31, 2019. A provision for loan losses of $12,000 was recorded in 2020 compared to $600 in 2019. The increased provision for loan losses in 2020 was due to the uncertainty surrounding economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and slow economic recovery in the hotel and entertainment industries, and an increase in specific reserves on impaired loans. We believe the provision for loans losses could increase in future periods based on our belief that the credit quality of our loan portfolio may decline and loan defaults could increase as a result of the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibility of a prolonged economic recovery.

Nonperforming loans at December 31, 2020 totaled $16,194, or 0.71 percent of total loans, an increase from $538, or 0.03 percent of total loans, at December 31, 2019. The increase in nonperforming loans at December 31, 2020, compared to December 31, 2019, was primarily due to the downgrade in the credit quality of one borrower due to the severe economic impact of COVID-19 on its business. This borrower’s loans were classified as watch prior to COVID-19 and were further downgraded to substandard and put on nonaccrual in September 2020. Nonperforming loans include loans on nonaccrual status, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, and loans that have been considered to be troubled debt restructured (TDR) due to the borrowers’ financial difficulties. The Company held no other real estate owned properties as of December 31, 2020 or 2019.

Noninterest Income

The following table shows the variance from the prior year in the noninterest income categories shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, accounts within the “Other income” category that represent a significant portion of the total or a significant variance are shown. 
  Years ended December 31
Noninterest income: 2020 2019 Change Change %
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 2,360  $ 2,492  $ (132) (5.30) %
Debit card usage fees 1,632  1,644  (12) (0.73) %
Trust services 2,078  2,026  52  2.57  %
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance 593  644  (51) (7.92) %
Loan swap fees 1,572  —  1,572  N/A
Realized investment securities gains (losses), net 77  (87) 164  188.51  %
Other income:        
Other service charges and fees 1,164  1,039  125  12.03  %
Gain on sale of premises —  307  (307) (100.00) %
All other 126  253  (127) (50.20) %
Total other income 1,290  1,599  (309) (19.32) %
Total noninterest income $ 9,602  $ 8,318  $ 1,284  15.44  %
39
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


The Company offers loan level interest rate swaps to its customers and offsets its exposure from such contracts by entering into mirror image swaps with a swap counterparty (back-to-back swap program). Loan swap fees consist of fees earned in the back-to-back swap program which began in the first quarter of 2020, resulting in income from loan swap fees of $1,572 in 2020 and none in 2019. These fees are largely dependent on the timing and volume of customer activity and may not reoccur in future periods. The gain on sale of premises in 2019 was the result of the sale of the Iowa City branch facility after the Company consolidated the Iowa City and Coralville branches. Service charges on deposit accounts decreased for 2020 when compared to 2019, primarily as a result of the reduction in nonsufficient fund fees.

Noninterest Expense

The following table shows the variance from the prior year in the noninterest expense categories shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, accounts within the “Other expenses” category that represent a significant portion of the total or a significant variance are shown.
  Years ended December 31
Noninterest expense: 2020 2019 Change Change %
Salaries and employee benefits $ 21,591  $ 21,790  $ (199) (0.91) %
Occupancy 5,467  5,355  112  2.09  %
Data processing 2,508  2,735  (227) (8.30) %
FDIC insurance 1,210  404  806  199.50  %
Professional fees 927  814  113  13.88  %
Director fees 868  993  (125) (12.59) %
Other expenses:      
Marketing 211  230  (19) (8.26) %
Business development 704  907  (203) (22.38) %
Insurance expense 440  382  58  15.18  %
Subscriptions 569  394  175  44.42  %
Trust 462  443  19  4.29  %
Consulting fees 323  327  (4) (1.22) %
Postage and courier 328  282  46  16.31  %
Supplies 217  311  (94) (30.23) %
Low income housing projects amortization 432  453  (21) (4.64) %
New market tax credit project amortization and related management fees
919  919  —  —  %
All other 1,878  1,667  211  12.66  %
Total other 6,483  6,315  168  2.66  %
Total noninterest expense $ 39,054  $ 38,406  $ 648  1.69  %

Salaries and employee benefits decreased in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to fewer full time equivalent employees and a decrease in expenses related to restricted stock unit awards and insurance benefits. These expense reductions were partially offset by normal annual performance raises, one-time staff bonuses for efforts related to the PPP program and an increase in the number of employees eligible for retirement benefit contributions. The Company has not made, and at this time does not expect to make, any material staffing or compensation changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupancy expense increased in 2020 compared to 2019 because of the incurrence of a full twelve months of expenses related to the expansion into the cities of Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud, Minnesota, which occurred toward the end of the first quarter of 2019. Data processing decreased in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to a new contract signed with West Bank's core data processing provider. FDIC insurance expense increased in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to the increase in the Company's average assets and assessment rate. Additionally, the FDIC applied approximately $425 of credits to the Company’s quarterly assessment in 2019, which resulted in no expense in the third and fourth quarters of 2019. Business development expense decreased in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to the limitations placed on business development activities during COVID-19 restrictions and shutdowns. All other expenses were higher in 2020 compared to 2019, due primarily to losses as a result of check fraud schemes.

40
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Income Taxes

The Company records a provision for income tax expense currently payable, along with a provision for those taxes payable or refundable in the future (deferred taxes). Deferred taxes arise from differences in the timing of certain items for financial statement reporting compared to income tax reporting and are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Federal income tax expense for 2020 and 2019 was approximately $6,209 and $5,095, respectively, while state income tax expense was approximately $2,460 and $1,957, respectively. The effective rate of income tax expense as a percent of income before income taxes was 20.9 percent and 19.8 percent, respectively, for 2020 and 2019.

The effective income tax rates differ from the federal statutory income tax rates primarily due to tax-exempt interest income, the tax-exempt increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance, disallowed interest expense, stock compensation and state income taxes. The effective tax rate for both 2020 and 2019 was also impacted by federal income tax credits, including low income housing tax credits and a new markets tax credit from West Bank’s investment in a qualified community development entity, of approximately $1,239 and $1,265, respectively.

The Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance against the tax effect of state net operating losses carryforwards as management believes it is likely that such carryforwards will expire without being utilized.


41
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES; AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL

Average Balances and an Analysis of Average Rates Earned and Paid

The following table shows average balances and interest income or interest expense, with the resulting average yield or rate by category of average interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities for the years indicated. Interest income and the resulting net interest income are shown on a fully taxable basis. Interest expense includes the effect of interest rate swaps, if applicable.
2020 2019 2018
  Average
Balance 		Revenue/
Expense 		Yield/
Rate 		Average
Balance 		Revenue/
Expense 		Yield/
Rate 		Average
Balance 		Revenue/
Expense 		Yield/
Rate
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans: (1) (2)
Commercial $ 566,593  $ 22,328  3.94  % $ 387,137  $ 19,493  5.04  % $ 321,395  $ 15,315  4.77  %
Real estate (3)
1,574,339  68,444  4.35  % 1,405,175  66,078  4.70  % 1,225,665  55,973  4.57  %
Consumer and other 6,222  272  4.36  % 6,876  335  4.87  % 6,613  282  4.26  %
Total loans 2,147,154  91,044  4.24  % 1,799,188  85,906  4.77  % 1,553,673  71,570  4.61  %
Investment securities:            
Taxable 322,695  7,818  2.42  % 354,727  10,031  2.83  % 322,795  8,124  2.52  %
Tax-exempt (3)
55,589  1,774  3.19  % 69,505  2,462  3.54  % 173,449  6,140  3.54  %
Total investment securities 378,284  9,592  2.54  % 424,232  12,493  2.94  % 496,244  14,264  2.87  %
Federal funds sold 88,904  304  0.34  % 54,041  1,110  2.05  % 25,455  487  1.91  %
Total interest-earning assets (3)
2,614,342  100,940  3.86  % 2,277,461  99,509  4.37  % 2,075,372  86,321  4.16  %
Noninterest-earning assets:                  
Cash and due from banks 53,874      41,036      33,934     
Premises and equipment, net 28,957      30,351      22,271     
Other, less allowance for
loan losses 42,610      37,793      37,822     
Total noninterest-earning assets 125,441      109,180      94,027     
Total assets $ 2,739,783      $ 2,386,641      $ 2,169,399     
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity                
Interest-bearing liabilities:                  
Deposits:                  
Savings, interest-bearing
demand and money markets $ 1,499,784  7,755  0.52  % $ 1,337,009  19,548  1.46  % $ 1,266,534  14,369  1.13  %
Time 215,224  3,501  1.63  % 255,770  5,666  2.22  % 184,386  2,695  1.46  %
Total deposits 1,715,008  11,256  0.66  % 1,592,779  25,214  1.58  % 1,450,920  17,064  1.18  %
Other borrowed funds 227,945  6,144  2.70  % 191,969  7,031  3.66  % 127,836  5,671  4.44  %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 1,942,953  17,400  0.90  % 1,784,748  32,245  1.81  % 1,578,756  22,735  1.44  %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:                
Demand deposits 544,211    379,231      401,778     
Other liabilities 41,399    22,647      7,108     
Stockholders’ equity 211,220      200,015      181,757     
Total liabilities and
stockholders’ equity $ 2,739,783      $ 2,386,641      $ 2,169,399     
Net interest income (4)/net interest spread (3)
$ 83,540  2.96  % $ 67,264  2.56  %   $ 63,586  2.72  %
Net interest margin (3) (4)
    3.20  %     2.95  %     3.06  %
(1)Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans has been included.
(2)Interest income on loans includes amortization of loan fees and costs and prepayment penalties collected, which are not material.
(3)Tax-exempt income has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent and is adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt investment securities and loans.
(4)Net interest income (FTE) and net interest margin (FTE) are non-GAAP financial measures. For further information, refer to the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Item.
42
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Net Interest Income

The Company’s largest component of net income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets, consisting primarily of loans and investment securities, and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, consisting of deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in net interest income can result from the combination of changes in the balances of asset and liability categories and changes in interest rates. Interest rates earned and paid are also affected by general economic conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates, and by competitive factors, government policies and the actions of regulatory authorities. The Federal Reserve decreased the targeted federal funds rate by 75 basis points in the second half of 2019. In addition, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve decreased the targeted federal funds interest rate by a total of 150 basis points in March 2020. These decreases impacted the comparability of net interest income between 2019 and 2020. The Federal Reserve is forecasting to keep the federal funds rate near zero for the next three years. We expect the short term interest rates to remain unchanged and the yield curve to slightly increase in 2021 compared to 2020.

Net interest margin is a measure of the net return on interest-earning assets and is computed by dividing annualized tax-equivalent net interest income by total average interest-earning assets for the period. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis was 3.20, 2.95 and 3.06 percent, respectively. There was an increase of $16,276 in tax-equivalent net interest income in 2020 compared to 2019. This was primarily due to a decrease in interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowed funds and an increase in average loan balances, partially offset by a decrease in yield on loans and investments.

Rate and Volume Analysis

The rate and volume analysis shown below, on a tax-equivalent basis, is used to determine how much of the change in interest income or expense is the result of a change in volume or a change in interest yield or rate. The change in interest that is due to both volume and rate has been allocated to the change due to volume and the change due to rate in proportion to the absolute value of the change in each.
  2020 Compared to 2019 2019 Compared to 2018
  Volume Rate Total Volume Rate Total
Interest Income
Loans: (1)
Commercial $ 7,699  $ (4,864) $ 2,835  $ 3,272  $ 906  $ 4,178 
Real estate (2)
7,586  (5,220) 2,366  8,400  1,705  10,105 
Consumer and other (30) (33) (63) 12  41  53 
Total loans (including fees) 15,255  (10,117) 5,138  11,684  2,652  14,336 
Investment securities:            
Taxable (856) (1,357) (2,213) 848  1,059  1,907 
Tax-exempt (2)
(460) (228) (688) (3,682) 4  (3,678)
Total investment securities (1,316) (1,585) (2,901) (2,834) 1,063  (1,771)
Federal funds sold 456  (1,262) (806) 585  38  623 
Total interest income (2)
14,395  (12,964) 1,431  9,435  3,753  13,188 
Interest Expense            
Deposits:            
Savings, interest-bearing
demand and money market 2,136  (13,929) (11,793) 837  4,342  5,179 
Time (809) (1,356) (2,165) 1,274  1,697  2,971 
Total deposits 1,327  (15,285) (13,958) 2,111  6,039  8,150 
Other borrowed funds 1,173  (2,060) (887) 2,477  (1,117) 1,360 
Total interest expense 2,500  (17,345) (14,845) 4,588  4,922  9,510 
Net interest income (2) (3)
$ 11,895  $ 4,381  $ 16,276  $ 4,847  $ (1,169) $ 3,678 
(1)Average balances of nonaccrual loans were included for computational purposes.
(2)Tax-exempt income has been converted to a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent and is adjusted for the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt investment securities and loans. 
(3)Net interest income (FTE) is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Item.

43
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Tax-equivalent interest income and fees on loans increased $5,138 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019. The improvement was primarily due to an increase of $347,966 in average balance of loans in 2020 compared to 2019, which was significantly offset by the overall decline in loan yields. The average yield on loans decreased 53 basis points in 2020 compared to 2019. Average loan balances for the year ended December 31, 2020 included $151,074 of PPP loans. Interest income recognized on PPP loans, which includes the amortization of origination fees paid by the SBA, was $4,752 for the year ended December 31, 2020, resulting in a yield of 3.15 percent. Interest income on PPP loans included approximately $1,000 of accelerated amortization of origination fees upon loan forgiveness and repayment by the SBA. While the PPP loans contributed to the increase in average loans and interest income, they negatively impacted the overall yield on loans. The future impact of PPP loans, including the second round of PPP lending, on net interest income and net interest margin will be subject to the timing of loan forgiveness by the SBA and may create volatility in the commercial loan yields during 2021.

The Company continues to focus on expanding existing and entering into new customer relationships while maintaining strong credit quality. The yield on the Company's loan portfolio is affected by the portfolio's loan mix, the interest rate environment, the effects of competition, the level of nonaccrual loans and reversals of previously accrued interest on charged-off loans. The political and economic environments can also influence the volume of new loan originations and the mix of variable-rate versus fixed-rate loans. We anticipate that our interest income will be adversely affected in future periods as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the possibility of decreases in the size of our loan portfolio and declining credit quality, the expected continuation of low interest rates, and an increase in nonaccrual loans.

The average balance of investment securities in 2020 was $45,948 lower than in 2019, primarily as a result of securities sold during 2019 and first quarter of 2020 to create liquidity for expected loan growth prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The average balance of interest-bearing demand, savings and money market deposits increased $162,775 in 2020 compared to 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in average balances of money market and interest-bearing demand accounts. The growth in deposit balances was primarily due to changes in customer behavior as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and our customers’ desire to retain liquidity, as well as a result of additional funds provided to individuals and businesses by government relief programs. The average rate paid on interest-bearing demand, savings and money market deposits in 2020 decreased by 94 basis points compared to 2019. The average balance of time deposits decreased $40,546 in 2020 compared to 2019. The average rate paid on time deposits decreased 59 basis points in 2020 compared to 2019. The decreases in average rates paid were primarily due to decreasing interest rates on all deposit products in response to the unprecedented decrease in the target federal funds rate in March 2020.

The average balance of other borrowed funds increased $35,976 in 2020 compared to 2019. The rate paid on borrowed funds declined 96 basis points in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to the maturity of long-term, high-rate FHLB advances in December 2019 through September 2020 and the reduction of market rates beginning in the second half of 2019 on short-term and variable-rate borrowings. The Company had a higher than usual amount of liquid assets at December 31, 2020 as a result of unexpected high levels of deposits. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and possible decreases in interest-bearing deposits in future periods could result in an increase in borrowed funds.

As a result of the reductions in the targeted federal funds interest rate, as well as the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as lower levels of loans or increases in nonaccrual loans, our net interest income and net interest margin could decrease in future periods.

INVESTMENT SECURITIES PORTFOLIO

The following table sets forth the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio as of the dates indicated.
  As of December 31
  2020 2019 2018
Securities available for sale, at fair value:
State and political subdivisions $ 144,332  $ 47,178  $ 149,156 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 140,962  181,921  157,004 
Mortgage-backed securities 83,523  73,030  63,378 
Asset-backed securities —  17,600  31,903 
Collateralized loan obligations 51,754  64,832  — 
Trust preferred security —  —  1,900 
Corporate notes —  14,017  50,417 
Total securities available for sale $ 420,571  $ 398,578  $ 453,758 
44
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


The investment securities available for sale presented in the following table are reported at fair value and by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2020. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities have monthly paydowns that are not reflected in the table.
Investments as of December 31, 2020 Within one
year 		After one year
but within five
years 		After five years
but within ten
years 		After ten years Total
State and political subdivisions $ —  $ —  $ 9,486  $ 134,846  $ 144,332 
Collateralized mortgage obligations —  —  5,712  135,250  140,962 
Mortgage-backed securities —  —  2,800  80,723  83,523 
Collateralized loan obligations —  —  4,988  46,766  51,754 
Total $ —  $ —  $ 22,986  $ 397,585  $ 420,571 
Weighted average yield:          
State and political subdivisions (1)
—  % —  % 1.62  % 2.59  %
Collateralized mortgage obligations —  % —  % 1.27  % 2.64  %
Mortgage-backed securities —  % —  % 4.24  % 1.52  %
Collateralized loan obligations —  % —  % 1.52  % 2.04  %
Total —  % —  % 1.82  % 2.32  %
(1)    Yields on tax-exempt obligations have been computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent and are adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt investment securities.

Management’s process for obtaining and validating the fair value of investment securities is discussed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

As of December 31, 2020, the existing gross unrealized losses of $1,780 in the Company’s investment portfolio were considered to be temporary in nature due to market interest rate fluctuations, not reduced estimated cash flows. The Company has the ability and the intent to hold the related securities with unrealized losses for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery, which may be at maturity. However, management may decide to sell securities with unrealized losses at a future date for liquidity purposes, to manage interest rate risk, or to enhance interest income.

The balance of investment securities available for sale increased by $21,993 during 2020. Securities were sold early in 2020 to create liquidity for expected loan growth prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout 2020, securities were purchased and sold as part of various reinvestment strategies including reducing our interest rate risk exposure in variable-rate bonds and managing overall interest rate risk and yield. In the fourth quarter of 2020, excess liquidity was invested in state and political subdivision bonds and collateralized mortgage obligations. The securities issued by state and political subdivisions are diversified in 24 states. As of December 31, 2020, the Company did not have securities from a single issuer, except for the United States government or its agencies, that exceeded 10 percent of consolidated stockholders’ equity. At December 31, 2020, the collateralized loan obligations owned by the Company were rated AAA or AA.

As of December 31, 2020, approximately 53 percent of the available for sale investment securities portfolio consisted of government agency guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities. In the current interest rate environment, those securities provide relatively good yields, have little to no credit risk, and provide fairly consistent cash flows. All collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and real estate mortgage investment conduits guaranteed by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), or Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), and commercial mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by the SBA. The debt obligations were all within the credit ratings acceptable under West Bank’s investment policy.


45
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


LOAN PORTFOLIO

Types of Loans

The following table sets forth the composition of the Company’s loan portfolio by segment as of the dates indicated.
  As of December 31
  2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Commercial $ 603,599  $ 431,044  $ 358,763  $ 347,482  $ 334,014 
Real estate:        
Construction, land and land development 236,093  264,193  245,810  207,451  205,610 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 58,912  54,475  49,052  51,044  47,184 
Home equity 9,444  12,380  14,469  13,811  18,057 
Commercial 1,373,007  1,175,024  1,050,025  886,114  788,000 
Consumer and other 5,694  6,787  6,211  6,363  8,355 
Total loans 2,286,749  1,943,903  1,724,330  1,512,265  1,401,220 
Deferred loan fees, net (6,174) (2,240) (2,500) (1,765) (1,350)
Total loans, net of deferred fees $ 2,280,575  $ 1,941,663  $ 1,721,830  $ 1,510,500  $ 1,399,870 

As of December 31, 2020, total loans were approximately 84 percent of total deposits and 72 percent of total assets. As of December 31, 2020, the majority of all loans were originated directly by West Bank to borrowers within West Bank’s principal market areas.  

Loans outstanding at the end of 2020 increased 17.5 percent compared to the end of 2019. Changes in the loan portfolio during 2020 included an increase of $197,983 in commercial real estate loans and a decrease of $28,100 in construction, land and land development loans. Commercial loans, excluding PPP loans, declined $8,202. As of December 31, 2020, PPP loans outstanding totaled $180,757, all of which were included in commercial loans. The Company continues to focus on business development efforts in all of its operating markets. We anticipate that loan growth may slow down in 2021 as a result of the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic uncertainties.

For a description of the loan segments, see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The interest rates charged on loans vary with the degree of risk and the amount and terms of the loan. Competitive pressures, the creditworthiness of the borrower, market interest rates, the availability of funds, and government regulations further influence the rate charged on a loan.

The Company follows a loan policy approved by West Bank’s Board of Directors. The loan policy is reviewed at least annually and is updated as considered necessary. The policy establishes lending limits, review criteria and other guidelines for loan administration and the allowance for loan losses, among other things. Loans are approved by West Bank’s Board of Directors and/or designated officers in accordance with the applicable guidelines and underwriting policies. Loans to any one borrower are limited by state banking laws. Loan officer lending authorities vary according to the individual loan officer’s experience and expertise.

Loans Secured by Real Estate

The commercial real estate market continues to be a significant source of business for West Bank. Management places a strong emphasis on monitoring the composition of the Company’s commercial real estate loan portfolio. The Company has an established lending policy which includes a number of underwriting factors to be considered in making a commercial real estate loan, including, but not limited to, location, loan-to-value ratio (LTV), cash flow, collateral and the credit history of the borrower. The lending policy also includes guidelines for real estate appraisals and evaluations, including minimum appraisal and evaluation standards.


46
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Although repayment risk exists on all loans, different factors influence repayment risk for each type of loan. The primary risks associated with commercial real estate loans are the quality of the borrower’s management and the health of the national and regional economies. Underwriting on commercial properties is primarily based on the economic viability of the project with heavy consideration given to the creditworthiness and experience of the borrower. Recognizing that debt is paid via cash flow, the projected cash flows of the project are critical in underwriting because these determine the ultimate value of the property and the ability to service debt. Therefore, in most commercial real estate projects, we generally require a minimum stabilized debt service coverage ratio of 1.20 to 1.35, depending on the real estate type. Exceptions to this policy can be made for certain borrowers that exhibit other credit quality strengths. Exceptions to the policy are monitored by management. Our strategy with respect to the management of these types of risks is to consistently follow prudent loan policies and underwriting practices.

The Company recognizes that a diversified loan portfolio contributes to reducing risk. The specific loan portfolio mix is subject to change based on loan demand, the business environment and various economic factors. The Company actively monitors concentrations within the loan portfolio to ensure appropriate diversification is maintained. In addition, management tracks the level of owner occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans. Owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally considered to have less risk than non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans.

In accordance with regulatory guidelines, the Company exercises heightened risk management practices when non-owner occupied commercial real estate lending exceeds 300 percent of total risk-based capital or construction, land development, and other land loans exceed 100 percent of total risk-based capital. Although the Company’s loan portfolio is heavily concentrated in real estate and its real estate portfolio levels exceed these regulatory guidelines, it has established risk management policies and procedures to regularly monitor the commercial real estate portfolio.

Commercial loans secured by real estate, including construction, land and land development, totaled $1,609,100, or 70 percent of total loans, at December 31, 2020. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loan concentrations and the weighted average LTV by property type as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are shown in the following table. LTV is determined using the maximum credit exposure of the loan compared to the most recent appraisal data on the property obtained in accordance with the Company’s lending policies.
As of December 31
2020 2019
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate
Balance % of CRE Portfolio Weighted Average LTV Balance % of CRE Portfolio Weighted Average LTV
Multifamily $ 313,205  24.0  % 69  % $ 272,927  23.2  % 71  %
Medical & senior care facilities 203,954  15.6  % 65  % 204,889  17.4  % 66  %
Warehouse & trucking 146,178  11.2  % 69  % 132,249  11.3  % 71  %
Hotel 164,721  12.6  % 64  % 138,898  11.8  % 69  %
Mixed use 83,681  6.4  % 74  % 62,315  5.3  % 74  %
Offices 140,299  10.8  % 72  % 130,169  11.1  % 72  %
Land for development 69,345  5.3  % 59  % 73,382  6.2  % 64  %
All other 183,106  14.1  % not available 160,305  13.7  % not available
Total $ 1,304,489  100.0  % $ 1,175,134  100.0  %


47
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


The following table summarizes non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans by property type and risk rating as of December 31, 2020. Risk ratings are defined in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
As of December 31, 2020
  Risk Rating
  Total 1-3 4 5 6 7 8
Multifamily $ 313,205  $ 25,104  $ 220,746  $ 52,942  $ 14,413  $ —  $ — 
Medical & senior care facilities 203,954  97,861  66,170  29,710  10,213  —  — 
Warehouse & trucking 146,178  57,754  83,759  4,665  —  —  — 
Hotel 164,721  —  85,291  79,430  —  —  — 
Mixed use 83,681  8,143  10,407  65,131  —  —  — 
Offices 140,299  13,459  111,764  15,076  —  —  — 
Land for development 69,345  809  63,281  5,197  58  —  — 
All other 183,106  29,920  148,168  5,018  —  —  — 
Total $ 1,304,489  $ 233,050  $ 789,586  $ 257,169  $ 24,684  $ —  $ — 

As of December 31, 2020, there were no non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans that were past due 30 days or more.

Maturities of Loans

The contractual maturities of the Company’s loan portfolio are shown in the following tables. Actual repayments may differ from contractual maturities because individual borrowers may have the right to prepay loans with or without prepayment penalties.
Loans as of December 31, 2020 Within one
year 		After one but
within five
years 		After five
years 		Total
Commercial $ 129,891  $ 400,114  $ 73,594  $ 603,599 
Real estate:  
Construction, land and land development 140,441  87,555  8,097  236,093 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 7,182  49,347  2,383  58,912 
Home equity 3,077  6,367  —  9,444 
Commercial 85,881  751,701  535,425  1,373,007 
Consumer and other 3,358  2,336  —  5,694 
Total loans $ 369,830  $ 1,297,420  $ 619,499  $ 2,286,749 
         
  After one but
within five
years 		After five
years 		 
Loan maturities after one year with:      
Fixed rates $ 1,139,267  $ 338,811   
Variable rates 158,153  280,688   
  $ 1,297,420  $ 619,499   
48
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Risk Elements

The following table sets forth the amount of nonperforming assets held by the Company and common ratio measurements of those assets as of the dates indicated.
  Years Ended December 31
  2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Nonaccrual loans $ 16,194  $ 538  $ 1,928  $ 622  $ 1,022 
Loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest —  —  —  —  — 
Troubled debt restructured loans (1)
—  —  —  —  — 
Total nonperforming loans 16,194  538  1,928  622  1,022 
Other real estate owned —  —  —  —  — 
Total nonperforming assets $ 16,194  $ 538  $ 1,928  $ 622  $ 1,022 
Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.71  % 0.03  % 0.11  % 0.04  % 0.07  %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.51  % 0.02  % 0.08  % 0.03  % 0.06  %
(1)While TDR loans are commonly reported by the industry as nonperforming, those not classified in the nonaccrual category are accruing interest due to payment performance. TDR loans on nonaccrual status, if any, are included in the nonaccrual category.

Nonperforming loans increased $15,656 from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The increase in nonperforming loans was the result of a downgrade in the credit quality of one borrower due to the severe economic impact of COVID-19 on its business. This borrower’s loans were classified as watch prior to COVID-19 and were further downgraded to substandard and put on nonaccrual in September 2020. The borrower had sufficient cash flow to service its debt prior to COVID-19; however its cash flows decreased significantly as a result of forced closures and other operating restrictions and its ineligibility for PPP loans during 2020. The borrower has been evaluating debt reduction options, including downsizing its operations.

The Company’s Texas ratio, which is computed by dividing nonperforming assets by tangible common equity plus allowance for loan losses, was 6.40 percent as of December 31, 2020, compared to 0.23 percent as of December 31, 2019. We believe the COVID-19 pandemic may have an adverse effect on the credit quality of our loan portfolio in 2021. Further disruption to our customers in the hotel, retail, restaurant and movie theater industries could result in increased loan delinquencies. Management believes impaired loans may increase in the future as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to contain it. No credit issues are anticipated with PPP loans at this time, as they are 100 percent guaranteed by the SBA.

The accrual of interest on past due and other impaired loans is generally discontinued when loan payments are 90 days past due or when, in the opinion of management, the borrower may be unable to make all payments pursuant to contractual terms. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. Generally, all payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied to the principal balance of the loan. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, interest income that would have been recorded during the nonaccrual period under the original terms of such loans was approximately $235, $25 and $96, respectively. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. In certain cases, interest may continue to accrue on loans past due more than 90 days when the value of the collateral is sufficient to cover both the principal amount of the loan and accrued interest and the loan is in the process of collection.

Interest income on other impaired loans is based upon the terms of the underlying loan agreement. However, the recorded net investment in impaired loans, including accrued interest, is limited to the present value of the expected cash flows of the impaired loan or the observable fair market value of the loan’s collateral. The average balance of all impaired loans during 2020 was approximately $5,651. Interest income recognized on impaired loans in 2020, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $24, $75 and $6, respectively.


49
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


A loan is classified as a TDR loan when the Company separately concludes that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and a concession is granted that would not have otherwise been considered. Concessions may include restructuring of the loan terms to alleviate the burden of the borrower’s cash requirements, such as an extension of the payment terms beyond the original maturity date or a change in the interest rate charged. The payment history of the borrower, along with a current analysis of its cash flows, is used to determine the restructured terms. Underwriting procedures are similar to those of new loan originations, and renewals of performing loans in that current financial information is obtained and analyzed. A current assessment of collateral is performed. The approval process for TDR loans is the same as that for new loans. The TDR loans with extended terms are accounted for as impaired until performance is established. A change to the interest rate would change the classification of a loan to a TDR loan if the restructured loan yields a rate that is below a market rate for that of a new loan with comparable risk. TDR loans with below-market rates are considered impaired until fully collected. TDR loans may also be reported as nonaccrual or 90 days past due if they are not performing per the restructured terms.

The CARES Act provided financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time in certain circumstances. This temporary suspension may only be applied to modifications of loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 and may not be applied to modifications that are not related to the COVID-19 pandemic. If elected, the temporary suspension may be applied to eligible modifications executed during the period beginning on March 1, 2020 and, as extended by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021, ending on the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the termination of the COVID-19 national emergency. In 2020, federal banking regulators, in consultation with FASB, issued interagency statements that included similar guidance on their approach for the accounting of loan modifications in light of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that provide that short-term modifications and additional accommodations made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs.

During 2020, West Bank provided COVID-19-related modifications for nearly 300 loans totaling over $550,000. As of December 31, 2020, West Bank’s COVID-19-related modifications totaled $139,940. These modifications included the deferral of principal and/or interest payments. None of these modifications were considered TDRs, in accordance with the CARES Act and other interpretive guidance provided by bank regulatory interagency statements. As of December 31, 2020, $15,817 of these loans were classified as substandard, considered impaired and were on nonaccrual.

The following table shows the industry concentrations of COVID-19 modifications as of December 31, 2020.

Hotels $ 64,449 
Mixed use and retail 38,177 
Theaters 17,863 
Restaurants 2,938 
Other 16,513 
$ 139,940 

The following table shows the expiration of the modification periods as of December 31, 2020.

January 2021 $ 24,613 
February 2021 13,889 
March 2021 519 
April 2021 34,299 
May 2021 48,757 
June 2021 17,863 
$ 139,940 

50
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


SUMMARY OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

The provision for loan losses represents charges made to earnings to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses. The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is evaluated quarterly by management and reviewed by the Board of Directors. The allowance for loan losses is management’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date.  

Factors considered in establishing an appropriate allowance include: the borrower’s financial condition; the value and adequacy of loan collateral; the condition of the local economy and the borrower’s specific industry; the levels and trends of loans by segment; and a review of delinquent and classified loans. The quarterly evaluation focuses on factors such as specific loan reviews, changes in the components of the loan portfolio given economic conditions, and historical loss experience. Any one of the following conditions may result in the review of a specific loan: concern about whether the customer’s cash flow or net worth is sufficient to repay the loan; delinquency status; criticism of the loan in a regulatory examination; the suspension of interest accrual; or other factors, including whether the loan has other special or unusual characteristics that suggest special monitoring is warranted. The Company’s concentration risks include geographic concentration in central and eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota. The local economies are composed primarily of service industries and state and county governments.

West Bank has a significant portion of its loan portfolio in commercial real estate loans, commercial lines of credit, commercial term loans, and construction and land development loans. West Bank’s typical commercial borrower is a small- or medium-sized, privately owned business entity. Compared to residential mortgages or consumer loans, commercial loans typically have larger balances and repayment usually depends on the borrowers’ successful business operations. Commercial loans also generally are not fully repaid over the loan period and, thus, may require refinancing or a large payoff at maturity. When the general economy turns downward, commercial borrowers may not be able to repay their loans, and the value of their assets, which are usually pledged as collateral, may decrease rapidly and significantly. 

While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, further reduction in the carrying amounts of loans may be necessary based on changes in circumstances, changes in the overall economy in the markets we currently serve, or later acquired information. Identifiable sectors within the general economy are subject to additional volatility, which at any time may have a substantial impact on the loan portfolio. In addition, regulatory agencies, as integral parts of their examination processes, periodically review the credit quality of the loan portfolio and the level of the allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require West Bank to recognize additional losses based on such agencies’ review of information available to them at the time of their examinations.


51
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Change in the Allowance for Loan Losses

West Bank’s policy is to charge off loans when, in management’s opinion, a loan or a portion of a loan is deemed uncollectible. Concerted efforts are made to maximize subsequent recoveries. The following table summarizes activity in the Company’s allowance for loan losses by loan segment for the years indicated, including amounts of loans charged off, recoveries, additions to the allowance charged to income and related ratios.
  Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses for the Years Ended December 31
  2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Balance at beginning of period $ 17,235  $ 16,689  $ 16,430  $ 16,112  $ 14,967 
Charge-offs:          
Commercial —  (452) (208) (199) (125)
Real estate:          
Construction, land and land development —  —  —  —  (141)
1-4 family residential first mortgages —  —  —  —  (93)
Home equity (1) —  (24) (176) — 
Commercial —  —  —  —  — 
Consumer and other —  —  (3) —  (47)
Total charge-offs (1) (452) (235) (375) (406)
Recoveries:          
Commercial 103  290  673  232  218 
Real estate:          
Construction, land and land development —  —  —  398  217 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 72  14  18  15  59 
Home equity 4  74  24  28  36 
Commercial 12  12  13  13  13 
Consumer and other 11  8  16  7  8 
Total recoveries 202  398  744  693  551 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries 201  (54) 509  318  145 
Provision for loan losses charged to operations 12,000  600  (250) —  1,000 
Balance at end of period $ 29,436  $ 17,235  $ 16,689  $ 16,430  $ 16,112 
Average loans outstanding $ 2,147,154  $ 1,799,188  $ 1,553,673  $ 1,443,885  $ 1,336,156 
Ratio of net (charge-offs) recoveries during the
period to average loans outstanding 0.01  % 0.00  % 0.03  % 0.02  % 0.01  %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to
average loans outstanding 1.37  % 0.96  % 1.07  % 1.14  % 1.21  %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to total
loans at the end of period 1.29  % 0.89  % 0.97  % 1.09  % 1.15  %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to total
loans at the end of period, excluding PPP
loans(1)
1.40  % 0.89  % 0.97  % 1.09  % 1.15  %
(1) As presented, this is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this item.
52
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


Breakdown of Allowance for Loan Losses by Category

The following table sets forth information concerning the Company’s allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan segment as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31
  2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
  Amount %* Amount %* Amount %* Amount %* Amount %*
Balance at end of
period applicable to:          
Commercial $ 4,718  26.40  % $ 3,875  22.17  % $ 3,508  20.81  % $ 3,866  22.98  % $ 3,881  23.84  %
Real estate:                
Construction, land
and land development 2,634  10.32  % 2,375  13.59  % 2,384  14.26  % 2,213  13.72  % 2,639  14.67  %
1-4 family residential
first mortgages 360  2.58  % 216  2.80  % 250  2.84  % 319  3.38  % 317  3.37  %
Home equity 114  0.41  % 127  0.64  % 171  0.84  % 186  0.91  % 478  1.29  %
Commercial 21,535  60.04  % 10,565  60.45  % 10,301  60.89  % 9,770  58.59  % 8,697  56.23  %
Consumer and other 75  0.25  % 77  0.35  % 75  0.36  % 76  0.42  % 100  0.60  %
  $ 29,436  100.00  % $ 17,235  100.00  % $ 16,689  100.00  % $ 16,430  100.00  % $ 16,112  100.00  %
* Percent of loans in each category to total loans.

The allocation of the allowance for loan losses is dependent upon the change in balances outstanding in the various categories; the historical net loss experience by category, which can vary over time; specific reserves for loans considered impaired; and management’s assessment of economic factors that may influence potential losses in the loan portfolio. In March 2020, the U.S. economy deteriorated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. While job growth averaged approximately 232,000 per month for the first two months of 2020, approximately 22 million jobs were lost in March and April of 2020. Additionally, the national unemployment rate increased from 4.4 percent as of March 31, 2020 to 6.7 percent as of December 31, 2020 and peaked at 14.8 percent in April 2020. Additionally, the Federal Open Market Committee reduced the targeted federal funds rate range to 0.0 - 0.25 percent in March 2020. To establish the allowance for loan losses, the Company continued to use experience factors based on the highest losses calculated over a rolling 12-, 16- or 20-quarter period. Management believes that using the highest of these time periods will select the factor that best represents where we are in the economic cycle. For instance, if the economy worsens, the more recent activity should be more representative of the current environment. As the economy improves, the averages over a longer period of time should be more representative. No allowance for loan losses has been allocated to PPP loans, as these are 100 percent guaranteed by the SBA.

As of December 31, 2020, there were $3,000 in specific reserves related to loans individually evaluated for impairment. The specific reserves resulted from the downgrade in credit quality of one borrower due to the severe economic impact of COVID-19 on its business. The borrower has been evaluating debt reduction options, including downsizing its operations. The specific impairment was determined after evaluating the value of the underlying collateral. The portion of the allowance for loan losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment increased $9,201 to a total of $26,436, or 1.16 percent of outstanding loans, as of December 31, 2020 compared to $17,235, or 0.89 percent of outstanding loans, as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020, the allowance for loan losses was 1.40 percent of outstanding loans, excluding $180,757 of PPP loans. Based upon the quarterly evaluations, management determined a provision for loan losses of $12,000 was appropriate for the year ended December 31, 2020. This provision for loan losses was due to the uncertainty surrounding economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and slow economic recovery in the hotel and entertainment industries, and the increase in specific reserves on impaired loans. Management believed the allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2020 was adequate to absorb the losses inherent in the loan portfolio.

Additional details on the allowance for loan losses is included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

53
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


DEPOSITS

Deposits totaled $2,700,994 as of December 31, 2020, which was 34.1 percent higher than the total as of December 31, 2019. The growth in deposit balances was primarily due to changes in customer behavior as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and our customers’ desire to retain liquidity, as well as a result of additional funds provided to individuals and businesses by government relief programs. Funds disbursed under the PPP program were deposited into customer deposit accounts and will impact overall deposit fluctuations as customers spend those funds according to the PPP rules. Deposits increased $404,214 in the fourth quarter of 2020. This increase resulted from a mix of new business customers and growth in balances of existing customers. We believe that deposit levels could decrease in 2021 as a result of the distressed economic conditions in our market areas relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, low interest rates and customers’ utilization of liquidity.

The balance of time deposits decreased during 2020, primarily due to the maturity of brokered CDs totaling $50,000. West Bank continues to offer the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS) program. The CDARS program is a reciprocal program providing FDIC insurance coverage for all participating deposits. CDARS time deposits made up approximately 40 percent of total time deposits at December 31, 2020.

Approximately 86 percent of the total time deposits issued by West Bank mature in the next year. It is anticipated that a significant portion of these time deposits will be renewed. In the event a substantial volume of time deposits is not renewed, management believes the Company has sufficient liquid assets and borrowing lines to fund the potential runoff.

The following table shows the amounts and remaining maturities of time certificates of deposit with balances of $100 or more as of December 31, 2020.
3 months or less $ 45,036 
Over 3 through 6 months 32,402 
Over 6 through 12 months 53,393 
Over 12 months 12,881 
  $ 143,712 
The following table sets forth the average balances for each major category of deposits and the weighted average interest rate paid for those deposits during the years indicated.
  Years ended December 31
  2020 2019 2018
Average Average Average Average Average Average
  Balance Rate Balance Rate Balance Rate
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 544,211  —  % $ 379,231  —  % $ 401,778  —  %
Interest-bearing demand:            
Reward Me checking 47,435  0.15  % 44,206  0.41  % 51,460  0.26  %
Insured cash sweep 94,042  0.46  % 79,976  1.20  % 69,588  0.67  %
Other interest-bearing demand 229,677  0.11  % 194,612  0.28  % 195,964  0.23  %
Money market:
Insured cash sweep 266,837  0.60  % 256,670  2.11  % 246,360  1.59  %
Other money market 737,801  0.70  % 649,032  1.85  % 580,543  1.53  %
Savings 123,993  0.18  % 112,513  0.40  % 122,619  0.42  %
Time 215,224  1.63  % 255,770  2.22  % 184,386  1.46  %
$ 2,259,220    $ 1,972,010    $ 1,852,698   
Management expects the average interest rates on deposits to remain low in 2021 as the Federal Reserve is forecasting to keep the federal funds rate near zero for the next three years. To limit the Company’s exposure to market interest rate changes, interest rate swaps are in place on $110,000 of deposit balances that effectively convert certain customer deposits with variable rates to fixed-rate instruments.
54
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


BORROWED FUNDS

The following table summarizes the outstanding principal balances, net of any discount or debt issuance costs, and the weighted average effective rate for each category of borrowed funds as of the dates indicated.
  As of December 31
  2020 2019 2018
  Balance Rate Balance Rate Balance Rate
Federal funds purchased $ 5,375  0.10  % $ 2,660  1.25  % $ 19,985  2.61  %
Subordinated notes, net (1)
20,452  4.93  % 20,438  4.99  % 20,425  5.02  %
FHLB advances, net (1)
175,000  2.27  % 179,365  2.90  % 137,878  3.97  %
Long-term debt, net 21,558  1.53  % 22,925  2.33  % 27,040  2.92  %
  $ 222,385  2.39  % $ 225,388  3.01  % $ 205,328  3.79  %
(1) The effective interest rates include the effects of interest rate swaps and amortization of origination and discount fees.
The following tables set forth the average principal balance, net of any discount or debt issuance costs, the average effective rate paid, and the maximum outstanding balance for each category of borrowed funds for the years indicated.
  Years Ended December 31
  2020 2019 2018
  Average
Balance 		Average
Rate 		Average
Balance 		Average
Rate 		Average
Balance 		Average
Rate
Federal funds purchased $ 6,806  0.34  % $ 10,229  2.35  % $ 9,139  2.06  %
Subordinated notes, net (1)
20,445  4.97  % 20,431  5.01  % 20,418  5.27  %
FHLB advances, net (1)
178,191  2.64  % 137,471  3.73  % 78,673  4.64  %
Long-term debt, net 22,503  1.78  % 23,838  2.67  % 19,606  3.86  %
  $ 227,945  2.70  % $ 191,969  3.66  % $ 127,836  4.44  %
(1) The effective interest rates include the effects of interest rate swaps and amortization of origination and discount fees.
  2020 2019 2018
Maximum amount outstanding at any
month-end during the year:
Federal funds purchased $ 32,340  $ 61,545  $ 51,820 
Subordinated notes, net 20,452  20,438  20,425 
FHLB advances, net 179,967  179,365  137,878 
Long-term debt, net 22,915  27,030  27,040 
The fluctuation in the balances of federal funds purchased is dependent upon the activity of our downstream correspondent banks and in the Company’s liquidity needs, which from time to time may require the Company to draw on the federal funds purchased lines with our correspondent banks or on overnight FHLB advances. Depending on which has the lower interest rate, the Company may utilize either source of funding.

In October 2018, an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $20,000 became effective and converted variable-rate subordinated notes to fixed-rate debt. The interest rate is a variable rate based on the 3-month LIBOR plus 3.05 percent. This interest rate swap has a fixed rate of 4.81 percent and matures in September 2026.

In a strategy to manage its exposures to the variability in interest payments on wholesale funding sources due to interest rate movements, the Company has entered into seven long-term interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $175,000 to hedge the interest payments of rolling one- or three-month funding consisting of FHLB advances or brokered deposits. These interest rate swaps have maturity dates ranging from September 2023 through June 2029 and fixed rates ranging from 1.63 percent to 2.62 percent. As part of this strategy, the Company has one-month and three-month FHLB advances totaling $175,000 as of December 31, 2020. This strategy effectively provides fixed cost wholesale funding through the maturity dates of the various interest rate swaps. Additionally, the Company had short-term brokered CDs totaling $50,000 that matured and were not renewed during 2020. These brokered CDs were not being hedged by interest rate swaps but were a part of the Company’s short-term funding strategy.

55
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


On May 25, 2017, the Company entered into a credit agreement with an unaffiliated commercial bank and borrowed $25,000. The borrowing was used to make a capital injection into West Bank in 2017. In June 2019, the Company modified the principal payment requirements of the credit agreement. Under the terms of the modification, required quarterly principal payments of $625 resumed in August 2020, with the balance due in May 2022. The Company may make additional principal payments without penalty. The interest rate is variable at 1.95 percent over the 30-day LIBOR rate.

In December 2018, West Bank’s new markets tax credit special purpose subsidiary entered into a credit agreement for $11,486. Interest is payable monthly over the term of the agreement with an interest rate of 1.00 percent. Monthly principal payments begin in January 2026, and the agreement matures in December 2048.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, West Bank commits to extend credit in the form of loan commitments and standby letters of credit in order to meet the financing needs of its customers. These commitments expose West Bank to varying degrees of credit and market risks in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and are subject to the same credit policies as are the loans recorded on the balance sheets.

West Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. West Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Commitments to lend are subject to borrowers’ continuing compliance with existing credit agreements. Management of the Company does not expect any significant losses as a result of these commitments. Off-balance sheet commitments are more fully discussed in Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The objective of liquidity management is to ensure the availability of sufficient cash flows to meet all financial commitments and to capitalize on opportunities for profitable business expansion. The Company’s principal source of funds is deposits. Other sources include loan principal repayments, proceeds from the maturity and sale of investment securities, principal payments on amortizing securities, federal funds purchased, advances from the FHLB, and funds provided by operations. Liquidity management is conducted on both a daily and a long-term basis.  Investments in liquid assets are adjusted based on expected loan demand, projected loan and investment securities maturities and payments, expected deposit flows and the objectives set by West Bank’s asset-liability management policy.  

The Company experienced a significant increase in deposits in the fourth quarter of 2020. Those deposits resulted in a significant increase in liquidity and total assets as of December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. We believe that deposit levels could decrease in 2021 as a result of the distressed economic conditions in our market areas relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, low interest rates and customers’ utilization of liquidity.

The Company believes there could be potential stresses on liquidity management on a longer-term basis as a direct result of the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. As customers manage their own liquidity needs, we could experience an increase in the utilization of existing lines of credit. In addition, the Bank is participating in the PPP under the CARES Act and the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021. The Federal Reserve Bank established a PPP Liquidity Facility that would provide funding specifically for loans made under the PPP, which would allow us to retain existing sources of liquidity for our traditional operations. PPP loans would be pledged as collateral on any of the Bank's borrowings under the PPP Liquidity Facility. The Bank has not utilized the Federal Reserve Bank's PPP Liquidity Facility to date.

As of December 31, 2020, West Bank had additional borrowing capacity available from the FHLB of approximately $378,000, as well as approximately $36,174 at the Federal Reserve discount window and $67,000 through unsecured federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks. West Bank had no amounts outstanding at the Federal Reserve discount window or under the unsecured federal funds lines as of December 31, 2020. Net cash from continuing operating activities contributed $42,285, $36,967 and $34,744 to liquidity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Management believed that the combination of high levels of potentially liquid assets, cash flows from operations and additional borrowing capacity provided the Company with sufficient liquidity as of December 31, 2020.


56
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


The Company’s total stockholders’ equity increased to $223,695 as of December 31, 2020 from $211,820 as of December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily the result of net income less dividends paid, partially offset by the decline in fair value of derivatives. At December 31, 2020, tangible common equity as a percent of tangible assets was 7.02 percent compared to 8.56 percent as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no intangible assets. The decrease in the tangible common equity ratio was primarily due to the unprecedented asset growth of the Company propelled by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income which was the result of a decline in the fair value of interest rate swaps.

The Company and West Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Capital requirements are more fully discussed under the heading “Supervision and Regulation” included in Item 1 and in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. As of December 31, 2020, the Company and West Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject, and the Company’s and West Bank’s capital ratios were in excess of the requirements to be well-capitalized under capital regulations. Also, as of December 31, 2020, the ratios for the Company and West Bank were sufficient to meet the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer.

During 2020, the Company began construction on a new office in Sartell, Minnesota, which had a commitment of $8,324 as of December 31, 2020.

EFFECTS OF NEW STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

A discussion of the effects of new financial accounting standards and developments as they relate to the Company is located in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

57
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of West Bancorporation, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of West Bancorporation, Inc. and its subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated February 26, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Allowance for loan losses
As described in Note 1 and Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for loan losses (allowance) is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans based on an evaluation of the collectability of loans and prior loss experience. At December 31, 2020, the Company’s total loans were $2.3 billion and the associated allowance was $29.4 million. Management estimates the allowance based on loan losses believed to be inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance consists of two components: the valuation allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment (“specific component”), which represents $3.0 million at December 31, 2020, and the valuation allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment (“general component”), which represents $26.4 million at December 31, 2020. The Company’s general component was developed based on historical loss ratios adjusted for qualitative factors not reflected in the historical loss experience. Historical loss ratios are an annualized rate based on the loss history with more consideration given to the most recent loss experience. The qualitative factors include the Company’s lending policies and procedures, nature and volume of the portfolio, experience, depth and ability of lending management, volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and classified loans, quality of the Company’s loan review system, value of underlying collateral, trends in commercial real estate loans, existence and effect of any concentrations and effects of other external factors. The evaluation of these qualitative factors requires that management make significant judgements regarding these factors, which may significantly impact the estimated reserve.
58
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
We identified the qualitative factors applied to the general component of the allowance as a critical audit matter as auditing management’s determination of the qualitative factors involved a high degree of auditor judgement given the highly subjective nature of management’s judgments.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s qualitative factors applied to the general component of the allowance included the following, among others:

•We obtained an understanding of the relevant controls related to the qualitative factors applied to the general component of the allowance and tested such controls for design and operating effectiveness, including controls over management’s establishment, review and approval of the qualitative factors and the data used in determining the qualitative factors.

•We tested management’s process and evaluated the reasonableness of their judgements and assumptions to develop the qualitative factors, which included:

◦Testing the accuracy of the data inputs used by management as a basis for the adjustments for qualitative factors by comparing to internal and external source data and assessing the magnitude and directional consistency of the adjustments for qualitative factors.

◦Evaluating whether management’s conclusions were consistent with Company provided internal data and external independently sourced data and agreeing the impact to the allowance calculation.



/s/ RSM US LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1998.

Des Moines, Iowa
February 26, 2021














59
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of West Bancorporation, Inc.

Opinion on the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited West Bancorporation, Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated February 26, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Managements’ Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.



/s/ RSM US LLP

Des Moines, Iowa
February 26, 2021
60
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2020 and 2019
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2020 2019
ASSETS  
Cash and due from banks $ 77,693  $ 37,808 
Federal funds sold 318,742  15,482 
Cash and cash equivalents 396,435  53,290 
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value 420,571  398,578 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost 11,723  12,491 
Loans 2,280,575  1,941,663 
Allowance for loan losses (29,436) (17,235)
Loans, net 2,251,139  1,924,428 
Premises and equipment, net 29,077  29,680 
Accrued interest receivable 11,231  7,134 
Bank-owned life insurance 42,686  34,893 
Deferred tax assets, net 11,289  5,361 
Other assets 11,593  7,836 
Total assets $ 3,185,744  $ 2,473,691 
   
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
LIABILITIES  
Deposits:  
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 696,731  $ 380,079 
Interest-bearing demand 553,881  346,307 
Savings 1,274,254  996,836 
Time of $250 or more 46,907  81,871 
Other time 129,221  209,663 
Total deposits 2,700,994  2,014,756 
Federal funds purchased 5,375  2,660 
Subordinated notes, net 20,452  20,438 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net 175,000  179,365 
Long-term debt 21,558  22,925 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 38,670  21,727 
Total liabilities 2,962,049  2,261,871 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 17)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019
—  — 
Common stock, no par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; 16,469,272 and 16,379,752 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively
3,000  3,000 
Additional paid-in capital 28,823  27,260 
Retained earnings 203,718  184,821 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (11,846) (3,261)
Total stockholders’ equity 223,695  211,820 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,185,744  $ 2,473,691 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
61
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) 2020 2019 2018
Interest income:    
Loans, including fees $ 90,668  $ 85,512  $ 71,189 
Investment securities:  
Taxable 7,818  10,031  8,124 
Tax-exempt 1,443  2,022  4,993 
Federal funds sold 304  1,110  487 
Total interest income 100,233  98,675  84,793 
Interest expense:    
Deposits 11,256  25,214  17,064 
Federal funds purchased 23  241  188 
Subordinated notes 1,016  1,023  1,076 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 4,705  5,130  3,650 
Long-term debt 400  637  757 
Total interest expense 17,400  32,245  22,735 
Net interest income 82,833  66,430  62,058 
Provision for loan losses 12,000  600  (250)
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 70,833  65,830  62,308 
Noninterest income:    
Service charges on deposit accounts 2,360  2,492  2,541 
Debit card usage fees 1,632  1,644  1,681 
Trust services 2,078  2,026  1,921 
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance 593  644  631 
Loan swap fees 1,572  —  — 
Realized investment securities gains (losses), net 77  (87) (263)
Other income 1,290  1,599  1,241 
Total noninterest income 9,602  8,318  7,752 
Noninterest expense:    
Salaries and employee benefits 21,591  21,790  18,791 
Occupancy 5,467  5,355  4,996 
Data processing 2,508  2,735  2,682 
FDIC insurance 1,210  404  685 
Professional fees 927  814  840 
Director fees 868  993  1,014 
Write-down of premises —  —  333 
Other expenses 6,483  6,315  5,651 
Total noninterest expense 39,054  38,406  34,992 
Income before income taxes 41,381  35,742  35,068 
Income taxes 8,669  7,052  6,560 
Net income $ 32,712  $ 28,690  $ 28,508 
Basic earnings per common share $ 1.99  $ 1.75  $ 1.75 
Diluted earnings per common share $ 1.98  $ 1.74  $ 1.74 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
62
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Net income $ 32,712  $ 28,690  $ 28,508 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period 6,681  12,153  (7,807)
Unrealized gains on investment securities transferred from held to maturity to available for sale
—  —  363 
Plus: reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses realized in net income
(77) 87  263 
Less: other reclassification adjustment
—  —  (36)
Income tax benefit (expense) (1,667) (3,060) 1,806 
Other comprehensive income (loss) on investment securities 4,937 9,180 (5,411)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period (22,278) (7,355) 1,044 
Plus: reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses realized in net income
4,156  (235) 10 
Plus: reclassification adjustment for amortization of derivative termination costs realized in interest expense
31  93  95 
Income tax benefit (expense) 4,569  1,870  (290)
Other comprehensive income (loss) on derivatives (13,522) (5,627) 859 
Total other comprehensive income (loss) (8,585) 3,553  (4,552)
Comprehensive income $ 24,127  $ 32,243  $ 23,956 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

63
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
Accumulated
Additional Other
Preferred Common Stock Paid-in Retained Comprehensive
(in thousands, except share and per share data) Stock Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Total
Balance, December 31, 2017 $ —  16,215,672  $ 3,000  $ 23,463  $ 153,527  $ (1,892) $ 178,098 
Reclassification of stranded tax effects of rate change —  —  —  —  370  (370) — 
Net income —  —  —  —  28,508  —  28,508 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  (4,552) (4,552)
Cash dividends declared, $0.78 per common share
—  —  —  —  (12,696) —  (12,696)
Stock-based compensation costs —  —  —  2,741  —  —  2,741 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes
—  79,822  —  (1,076) —  —  (1,076)
Balance, December 31, 2018 —  16,295,494  3,000  25,128  169,709  (6,814) 191,023 
Net income —  —  —  —  28,690  —  28,690 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  3,553  3,553 
Cash dividends declared, $0.83 per common share
—  —  —  —  (13,578) —  (13,578)
Stock-based compensation costs —  —  —  2,993  —  —  2,993 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes
—  84,258  —  (861) —  —  (861)
Balance, December 31, 2019 —  16,379,752  3,000  27,260  184,821  (3,261) 211,820 
Net income —  —  —  —  32,712  —  32,712 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  (8,585) (8,585)
Cash dividends declared, $0.84 per common share
—  —  —  —  (13,815) —  (13,815)
Stock-based compensation costs —  —  —  2,312  —  —  2,312 
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes
—  89,520  —  (749) —  —  (749)
Balance, December 31, 2020 $ —  16,469,272  $ 3,000  $ 28,823  $ 203,718  $ (11,846) $ 223,695 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

64
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
(dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:    
Net income $ 32,712  $ 28,690  $ 28,508 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
   operating activities:
Provision for loan losses 12,000  600  (250)
Net amortization and accretion 1,892  3,640  4,945 
Investment securities (gains) losses, net (77) 87  263 
Stock-based compensation 2,312  2,993  2,741 
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance (593) (644) (631)
Gain on sale of premises —  (307) — 
Depreciation 1,499  1,429  1,408 
Write-down of premises —  —  333 
Deferred income taxes (3,025) (33) (359)
Change in assets and liabilities:  
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable (4,097) 497  (287)
Increase in other assets (490) (1,029) (2,490)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities 152  1,044  563 
Net cash provided by operating activities 42,285  36,967  34,744 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:    
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale 139,819  198,699  75,401 
Proceeds from maturities and calls of investment securities 76,065  46,755  45,937 
Purchases of investment securities available for sale (232,409) (180,168) (96,170)
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock (9,338) (26,559) (16,334)
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock 10,106  26,105  13,471 
Net increase in loans (341,887) (219,887) (210,821)
Purchase of bank-owned life insurance (7,200) —  — 
Purchases of premises and equipment (2,319) (1,048) (210)
Proceeds from sale of premises —  604  — 
Net cash used in investing activities (367,163) (155,499) (188,726)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net increase in deposits 686,238  120,227  83,716 
Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased 2,715  (17,325) 19,440 
Proceeds from long-term debt —  —  11,486 
Net increase (decrease) in Federal Home Loan Bank advances (5,000) 40,000  60,000 
Principal payments on long-term debt (1,366) (4,115) (7,363)
Common stock dividends paid (13,815) (13,578) (12,696)
Restricted stock units withheld for payroll taxes (749) (861) (1,076)
Net cash provided by financing activities 668,023  124,348  153,507 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 343,145  5,816  (475)
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning 53,290  47,474  47,949 
Ending $ 396,435  $ 53,290  $ 47,474 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash payments for:
Interest $ 18,531  $ 31,492  $ 22,154 
Income taxes 11,190  5,880  7,312 
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing Activities:
Establishment of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets $ —  $ 10,435  $ — 
Transfer of investment securities held to maturity to available for sale —  —  45,527 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
65
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1. Organization and Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and nature of business:  West Bancorporation, Inc. operates in the commercial banking industry through its wholly-owned subsidiary, West Bank. West Bank is a state chartered bank and has its main office in West Des Moines, Iowa, with seven additional offices located in the Des Moines, Iowa, metropolitan area, one office located in Coralville, Iowa, and four offices located in Minnesota, in the cities of Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud. As used herein, the term “Company” refers to West Bancorporation, Inc., or if the context dictates, West Bancorporation, Inc. and its subsidiary.

Recent events: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, which continues to cause disruption throughout the United States and around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and continues to adversely affect, economic activity globally, nationally and locally. Actions taken to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 include restrictions on travel, lockdowns and stay-at-home orders, and forced closures for certain types of public places, businesses and schools. While the economic fallout has stabilized somewhat, COVID-19 and actions taken to mitigate the spread of it have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economy, including in the geographical area in which the Company operates.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly unusual, unprecedented and evolving public health and economic crisis and may have a material negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations. The extent of the pandemic's effect on our business will depend on many factors, including the speed and extent of any recovery from the related economic recession. Among other things, this will depend on the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in our Iowa and Minnesota markets, the development and distribution of vaccines, therapies and other public health initiatives to control the spread of the disease, the nature and size of federal economic stimulus and other governmental efforts, and the possibility of additional state lockdown or stay-at-home orders in our markets. It is reasonably possible that estimates made in the financial statements could be materially and adversely impacted in the near-term as a result of these conditions, including expected credit losses on loans. The COVID-19 pandemic may produce declining asset quality, reflected by a higher level of loan delinquencies and loan charge-offs, as well as downgrades of commercial lending relationships, which may necessitate additional provisions for our allowance for loan losses and reduce net income.

Significant accounting policies:

Accounting estimates and assumptions:  The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). References to GAAP issued by the FASB in these footnotes are to the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM, sometimes referred to as the Codification or ASC. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term are the fair value of investment securities and derivatives, and the allowance for loan losses.

Consolidation policy:  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, West Bank and West Bank’s special purpose subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the Company owns an unconsolidated subsidiary, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I (the Trust), which was formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. In accordance with GAAP, the results of the Trust are recorded on the books of the Company using the equity method of accounting and are not consolidated.

Segment information: An operating segment is generally defined as a component of a business for which discrete financial information is available and whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker. As a community-oriented financial institution, substantially all of West Bank’s operations involve the delivery of loan and deposit products to customers. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of the community banking activities, which constitutes the Company’s only operating segment for financial reporting purposes.




66
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Comprehensive income:  Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (OCI). OCI consists of the net change in unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s investment securities available for sale, including the noncredit-related portion of unrealized gains (losses) of other than temporarily impaired (OTTI) securities, if any, and the change in fair value of derivative instruments designated as hedges. OCI also includes the amortization of derivative termination costs and the amortization of unrealized gains on investment securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity.

Cash and cash equivalents and cash flows:  For statement of cash flow purposes, the Company considers cash, due from banks and federal funds sold to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash inflows and outflows from loans, deposits, federal funds purchased and FHLB advances are reported on a net basis.

Investment securities:  Investment securities that may be sold for general liquidity needs, in response to market interest rate fluctuations, implementation of asset-liability management strategies, funding loan demand, changes in securities prepayment risk or other similar factors are classified as available for sale and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), net of deferred income taxes. Realized gains and losses on sales of investment securities are computed on a specific identification basis based on amortized cost.

The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for accretion of discounts to maturity and amortization of premiums over the estimated average life of each security or, in the case of callable securities, through the first call date, using the effective yield method. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest income. Interest income on securities is recognized using the interest method according to the terms of the investment security.

The Company evaluates each of its investment securities whose value has declined below amortized cost to determine whether the decline in fair value is OTTI. When determining whether an investment security is OTTI, management assesses the severity and duration of the decline in fair value, the length of time expected for recovery, the financial condition of the issuer and other qualitative factors, as well as whether: (a) it has the intent to sell the security, and (b) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to its anticipated recovery. In instances when a determination is made that an OTTI exists but management does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security prior to its anticipated repayment or maturity, the OTTI is separated into: (a) the amount of the total OTTI related to a decrease in cash flows expected to be collected from the security (the credit loss); and (b) the amount of the total OTTI related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss is recognized as a charge to earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to all other factors is recognized in OCI. If the Company intends to sell or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell a security with OTTI before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date.

Federal Home Loan Bank stock: West Bank, as a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system, is required to maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB in an amount equal to 0.12 percent of total assets plus 4.00 percent of outstanding advances from the FHLB and the outstanding principal balance of loans previously issued through the Mortgage Partnership Finance Program (MPF). No ready market exists for the FHLB stock, and it has no quoted market value. The Company evaluates this asset for impairment on a quarterly basis and determined there was no impairment as of December 31, 2020. All shares of FHLB stock are issued and redeemed at par value.

Loans:  Loans are stated at the principal amounts outstanding, net of unamortized loan fees and costs, with interest income recognized on the interest method based upon the terms of the loan. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method. Loans are reported by the portfolio segments identified and are analyzed by management on this basis. All loan policies identified below apply to all segments of the loan portfolio.


67
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Delinquencies are determined based on the payment terms of the individual loan agreements. The accrual of interest on past due and other impaired loans is generally discontinued at 90 days past due or when, in the opinion of management, the borrower may be unable to make all payments pursuant to contractual terms. Unless considered collectible, all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income, if accrued in the current year, or charged to the allowance for loan losses, if accrued in the prior year. Generally, all payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied to the principal balance of the loan. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. 

A loan is classified as troubled debt restructured (TDR) when the Company separately concludes that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and a concession is granted that would not otherwise be considered. Concessions may include a restructuring of the loan terms to alleviate the burden of the borrower’s cash requirements, such as an extension of the payment terms beyond the original maturity date or a change in the interest rate charged. TDR loans with extended payment terms are accounted for as impaired until performance is established. A change to the interest rate would change the classification of a loan to a TDR loan if the restructured loan yields a rate that is below a market rate for that of a new loan with comparable risk. TDR loans with below-market rates are considered impaired until fully collected. TDR loans may also be reported as nonaccrual or 90 days past due if they are not performing per the restructured terms.

The CARES Act provided financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time in certain circumstances. This temporary suspension may only be applied to modifications of loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 and may not be applied to modifications that are not related to the COVID-19 pandemic. If elected, the temporary suspension may be applied to eligible modifications executed during the period beginning on March 1, 2020 and, as extended by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021, ending on the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the termination of COVID-19 national emergency. In 2020, federal banking regulators, in consultation with FASB, issued interagency statements that included similar guidance on their approach for the accounting of loan modifications in light of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that provide that short-term modifications and additional accommodations made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs.

Based upon its ongoing assessment of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the Company maintains a Watch List, which includes loans classified as Doubtful, Substandard and Watch according to the Company’s classification criteria. These loans involve the anticipated potential for payment defaults or collateral inadequacies. A loan on the Watch List is considered impaired when management believes it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all contractual principal and interest payments due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of impairment, if any, and any subsequent changes are included in the allowance for loan losses.

Allowance for loan losses:  The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. The allowance is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans based on an evaluation of the collectability of loans and prior loss experience. This evaluation also takes into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, the review of specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay. Loans are charged off against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that collectability of the principal is unlikely. While management uses the best information available to make its evaluations, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if there are significant changes in economic conditions or the other factors relied upon.

The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that meet the definition of impaired. The general component covers the remaining loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors such as delinquency trends, loan growth, economic elements and local market conditions. These same policies are applied to all segments of loans. In addition, regulatory agencies, as integral parts of their examination processes, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses, and may require the Company to make additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.


68
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Premises and equipment:  Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. The straight-line method of depreciation and amortization is used for calculating expense. The estimated useful lives of premises and equipment range up to 40 years for buildings, up to 10 years for furniture and equipment, and the shorter of the estimated useful life or lease term for leasehold improvements.

The Company reviews its property and equipment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. No indicators of impairment were identified as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Other real estate owned:  Real estate properties acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling cost at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Fair value is determined by management by obtaining appraisals or other market value information at the time of foreclosure. Any write-downs in value at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan losses. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management by obtaining updated appraisals or other market value information at least annually. Any subsequent write-downs are recorded as a charge to operations, if necessary, to reduce the carrying value of a property to the updated fair value less estimated selling cost. Net costs related to the holding of properties are included in noninterest expense. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no other real estate owned.

Trust assets:  Assets held by West Bank in fiduciary or agency capacities, other than trust cash on deposit at West Bank, are not included in the consolidated balance sheets of the Company, as such assets are not assets of West Bank. The Company managed or administered accounts with assets totaling $395,887 as of December 31, 2020, compared to assets totaling $359,585 as of December 31, 2019.

Bank-owned life insurance:  The carrying amount of bank-owned life insurance consists of the initial premium paid, plus increases in cash value, less the carrying amount associated with any death benefit received. Death benefits paid in excess of the applicable carrying amount are recognized as income. Increases in cash value and the portion of death benefits recognized as income are exempt from income taxes.

Derivatives: The Company uses derivative financial instruments, which consist of interest rate swaps, to assist in its interest rate risk management. All derivatives are measured and reported at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as other assets or other liabilities. The Company records cash flow hedges at the inception of the derivative contract based on the Company’s intentions and belief as to likely effectiveness as a hedge. The Company documents the strategy for entering into the transactions and the method of assessing ongoing effectiveness. Cash flow hedges represent a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability. For a cash flow hedge that is effective, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not highly effective in hedging the changes in expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in current earnings. All of the Company’s cash flow hedges qualify for hedge accounting and are considered highly effective.

Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, based on the item being hedged. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement the same as the cash flows of the items being hedged. To determine fair value, the Company uses third-party pricing models that incorporate assumptions about market conditions and risks that are current at the reporting date. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.


69
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The Company formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative instruments that are used are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged items. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative is settled or terminates, a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, a hedged firm commitment is no longer firm, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended. When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as noninterest income. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows or forecasted transactions are still expected to occur, gains or losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into earnings over the same periods in which the hedged transactions will affect earnings.

To accommodate customer needs, the Company on occasion offers loan level interest rate swaps to its customers and offsets its exposure from such contracts by entering into mirror image swaps with a swap counterparty (back-to-back swap program). The interest rate swaps are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value. The customer accommodations and any offsetting swaps are treated as non-hedging derivative instruments which do not qualify for hedge accounting.

Stock-based compensation: The Company’s equity incentive plans were approved by the stockholders as a means to attract, retain and reward selected participants. The plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Compensation expense for stock-based awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, or until the participant reaches full retirement age if less than the vesting period, using the fair value of the award at the time of the grant. The restricted stock unit (RSU) participants do not have dividend rights prior to vesting, so the fair value of nonvested RSUs is equal to the fair market value of the underlying common stock at the grant date, reduced by the present value of the dividends expected to be paid on the underlying shares during the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Deferred compensation: The West Bancorporation, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the Deferred Compensation Plan) provides certain individuals with additional deferral opportunities in planning for retirement. Eligible participants, including directors and key officers of the Company, may choose to voluntarily defer receipt of a portion of their respective cash compensation. The Deferred Compensation Plan is an unfunded, nonqualified deferred compensation plan intended to conform to the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. Liabilities accrued under the Deferred Compensation Plan totaled $203 and none as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Income taxes:  The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return.  Income tax expense is generally allocated as if the Company and its subsidiary file separate income tax returns. Deferred taxes are provided on an asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, capital losses and net operating losses, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some tax positions taken will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the positions taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the consolidated financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. The evaluation of a tax position taken is considered by itself and is not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. Management does not believe the Company has any material uncertain tax positions to disclose.

Interest and penalties, if any, related to income taxes are recorded as other noninterest expense in the consolidated income statements in the year assessed.

70
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Revenue recognition: Revenue from deposit account-related fees, including general service fees charged for deposit account maintenance and activity and transaction-based fees charged for certain services, such as debit card, wire transfer or overdraft activities, is recognized when the performance obligation is completed, which is generally after a transaction is completed or monthly for account maintenance services. Trust services, which include periodic fees earned from trusts and investment management agency accounts, estate administration, custody accounts, individual retirement accounts, and other related services, are charged based on standard agreements or by statute and are recognized over the period of time the Company provides the contracted services.

Earnings per common share: Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if the Company’s outstanding RSUs were vested. The dilutive effect is computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes all stock-based awards were exercised and the hypothetical proceeds from exercise were used by the Company to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.

Current accounting developments:  In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The amendments in this update require a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial assets. Under the update, the income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount of financial assets. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination that are measured at amortized cost basis is determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured at amortized cost basis; however, the initial allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price rather than being reported as a credit loss expense. Only subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a credit loss expense for these assets. Off-balance-sheet arrangements such as commitments to extend credit, guarantees, and standby letters of credit that are not considered derivatives under ASC 815 and are not unconditionally cancellable are also within the scope of this update. Credit losses relating to available for sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326). This update amends the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for certain entities, including smaller reporting companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal periods. Early adoption is permitted. The one-time determination date for identifying as a smaller reporting company was November 15, 2019. The Company met the definition of a smaller reporting company as of this date and plans to adopt the standard with the amended effective date. The Company does not plan to early adopt this standard, but continues to work through implementation. The Company continues collecting and retaining loan and credit data and evaluating various loss estimation models. While we currently cannot reasonably estimate the impact of adopting this standard, we expect the impact will be influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our loan and securities portfolios, as well as the general economic conditions and forecasts as of the adoption date.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, or adding certain disclosures. The update is effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for the removed disclosures and delayed adoption until the fiscal year 2020 permitted for the new disclosures. The removed and modified disclosures will be adopted on a retrospective basis, and the new disclosures will be adopted on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC 326), Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815), and Financial Instruments (ASC 825). The amendments in the ASU improve the Codification by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. The amended guidance in this ASU related to the credit losses will be effective for the Company for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

71
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. It provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the reference rate reform on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-08, Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. The amendments in this update clarify that an entity should reevaluate whether a callable debt security is within the scope of ASC paragraph 310-20-35-33 for each reporting period. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Earnings per Common Share

The calculation of earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share is presented below for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
(in thousands, except per share data) 2020 2019 2018
Net income $ 32,712  $ 28,690  $ 28,508 
       
Weighted average common shares outstanding 16,447  16,359  16,275 
Weighted average effect of restricted stock units outstanding 68  121  125 
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 16,515  16,480  16,400 
       
Basic earnings per common share $ 1.99  $ 1.75  $ 1.75 
Diluted earnings per common share $ 1.98  $ 1.74  $ 1.74 
Number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents excluded from diluted earnings per share computation
243  105  103 

72
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 3. Investment Securities
 
The following tables show the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of investment securities, by investment security type as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. 
  2020
  Amortized
Cost 		Gross Unrealized
Gains 		Gross Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 141,405  $ 3,441  $ (514) $ 144,332 
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
135,338  5,650  (26) 140,962 
Mortgage-backed securities (1)
82,994  651  (122) 83,523 
Collateralized loan obligations 52,822  50  (1,118) 51,754 
  $ 412,559  $ 9,792  $ (1,780) $ 420,571 
  2019
  Amortized
Cost 		Gross Unrealized
Gains 		Gross Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 45,442  $ 1,736  $ —  $ 47,178 
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
180,899  1,651  (629) 181,921 
Mortgage-backed securities (1)
73,038  225  (233) 73,030 
Asset-backed securities (2)
17,551  66  (17) 17,600 
Collateralized loan obligations 64,939  21  (128) 64,832 
Corporate notes and other investments 15,300  —  (1,283) 14,017 
  $ 397,169  $ 3,699  $ (2,290) $ 398,578 

(1)All collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and real estate mortgage investment conduits guaranteed by FNMA, FHLMC or GNMA, and commercial mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by the SBA.
(2)Pass-through asset-backed securities guaranteed by the SBA, representing participating interests in pools of commercial working capital and equipment loans.

Investment securities with an amortized cost of approximately $232,206 and $148,257 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were pledged to secure access to the Federal Reserve discount window, for public fund deposits, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law or regulation.

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available for sale as of December 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Certain securities have call features that allow the issuer to call the securities prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities for collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories within the following maturity summary.
  2020
  Amortized Cost Fair Value
Due after five years through ten years $ 14,343  $ 14,474 
Due after ten years 179,884  181,612 
  194,227  196,086 
Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities 218,332  224,485 
  $ 412,559  $ 420,571 

73
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The details of the sales of investment securities for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are summarized in the following table.
  2020 2019 2018
Proceeds from sales $ 139,819  $ 198,699  $ 75,401 
Gross gains on sales 1,801  1,046  101 
Gross losses on sales 1,724  1,133  364 
The following tables show the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.  
  2020
  Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
  Fair
Value 		Gross Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Gross Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Gross Unrealized
Losses
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 48,752  $ (514) $ —  $ —  $ 48,752  $ (514)
Collateralized mortgage obligations 9,275  (26) —  —  9,275  (26)
Mortgage-backed securities 14,183  (122) —  —  14,183  (122)
Collateralized loan obligations 14,667  (206) 32,026  (912) 46,693  (1,118)
  $ 86,877  $ (868) $ 32,026  $ (912) $ 118,903  $ (1,780)
  2019
  Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
  Fair
Value 		Gross Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Gross Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Gross Unrealized
Losses
Securities available for sale:
Collateralized mortgage obligations $ 54,521  $ (335) $ 35,546  $ (294) $ 90,067  $ (629)
Mortgage-backed securities 45,132  (174) 4,687  (59) 49,819  (233)
Asset-backed securities 3,641  (4) 7,075  (13) 10,716  (17)
Collateralized loan obligations 42,823  (128) —  —  42,823  (128)
Corporate notes 4,499  (501) 9,518  (782) 14,017  (1,283)
  $ 150,616  $ (1,142) $ 56,826  $ (1,148) $ 207,442  $ (2,290)
As of December 31, 2020, the available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses included 19 state and political subdivisions, three collateralized mortgage obligations, two mortgage-backed securities and eight collateralized loan obligations. The Company believes the unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale as of December 31, 2020 were due to market conditions, including interest rate fluctuations, rather than reduced estimated cash flows. The Company does not intend to sell these securities, does not anticipate that these securities will be required to be sold before anticipated recovery, and expects full principal and interest to be collected. Therefore, the Company does not consider these investments to have OTTI as of December 31, 2020.

74
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
 
Loans consisted of the following segments as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
  2020 2019
Commercial $ 603,599  $ 431,044 
Real estate:  
Construction, land and land development 236,093  264,193 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 58,912  54,475 
Home equity 9,444  12,380 
Commercial 1,373,007  1,175,024 
Consumer and other 5,694  6,787 
  2,286,749  1,943,903 
Net unamortized fees and costs (6,174) (2,240)
  $ 2,280,575  $ 1,941,663 
Included in commercial loans at December 31, 2020, were $180,757 of loans originated in the PPP, which was established by the CARES Act, enacted on March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The PPP is administered by the SBA. PPP loans may be forgiven by the SBA and are 100 percent guaranteed by the SBA. No allowance for loan losses has been allocated to PPP loans.

The loan portfolio included $1,605,525 and $1,331,393 of fixed-rate loans and $681,224 and $612,510 of variable-rate loans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Real estate loans of approximately $1,010,000 and $910,000 were pledged as security for FHLB advances as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

The Company has had, and may be expected to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of business with directors, executive officers, their immediate families, and affiliated companies in which they are principal stockholders or executive officers (commonly referred to as related parties), all of which have been originated, in the opinion of management, on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. None of these loans are past due, on nonaccrual status or restructured to provide a reduction or deferral of interest or principal because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower. There were no loans to a related party that the Company considered adversely classified at December 31, 2020 or 2019. Loan transactions with related parties were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
  2020 2019
Balance, beginning of year $ 133,661  $ 153,476 
New loans 6,170  4,934 
Repayments (6,909) (24,749)
Effect of change in composition of related parties (13,322) — 
Balance, end of year $ 119,600  $ 133,661 


75
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following table summarizes the recorded investment in impaired loans by segment, broken down by loans with no related allowance and loans with a related allowance and the amount of that allowance as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Recorded
Investment 		Unpaid
Principal
Balance 		Related
Allowance 		Recorded
Investment 		Unpaid
Principal
Balance 		Related
Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 91  $ 91  $ — 
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development —  —  —  —  —  — 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 377  377  —  411  411  — 
Home equity —  —  —  31  31  — 
Commercial —  —  —  5  5  — 
Consumer and other —  —  —  —  —  — 
377  377  —  538  538  — 
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial —  —  —  —  —  — 
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development —  —  —  —  —  — 
1-4 family residential first mortgages —  —  —  —  —  — 
Home equity —  —  —  —  —  — 
Commercial 15,817  15,817  3,000  —  —  — 
Consumer and other —  —  —  —  —  — 
15,817  15,817  3,000  —  —  — 
Total:
Commercial —  —  —  91  91  — 
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development —  —  —  —  —  — 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 377  377  —  411  411  — 
Home equity —  —  —  31  31  — 
Commercial 15,817  15,817  3,000  5  5  — 
Consumer and other —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total impaired loans $ 16,194  $ 16,194  $ 3,000  $ 538  $ 538  $ — 

The balance of impaired loans was composed of loans to two and six different borrowers, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, $377 of total impaired loans to one of the borrowers was also considered impaired as of December 31, 2019. The Company has no commitments to advance additional funds on any of the impaired loans.


76
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following table summarizes the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by segment for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial $ 42  $ 2  $ 687  $ 39  $ 738  $ — 
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development —  —  —  —  —  — 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 392  5  73  6  113  — 
Home equity 2  —  34  2  122  6 
Commercial 3,659  17  384  22  600  — 
Consumer and other —  —  —  —  —  — 
4,095  24  1,178  69  1,573  6 
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial 339  —  7  —  1  — 
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development —  —  —  —  —  — 
1-4 family residential first mortgages —  —  —  —  —  — 
Home equity —  —  —  —  15  — 
Commercial 1,217  —  58  6  109  — 
Consumer and other —  —  —  —  —  — 
1,556  —  65  6  125  — 
Total:
Commercial 381  2  694  39  739  — 
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development —  —  —  —  —  — 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 392  5  73  6  113  — 
Home equity 2  —  34  2  137  6 
Commercial 4,876  17  442  28  709  — 
Consumer and other —  —  —  —  —  — 
Total impaired loans $ 5,651  $ 24  $ 1,243  $ 75  $ 1,698  $ 6 
Interest income forgone on impaired loans was $235, $25 and $96, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. 

77
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables provide an analysis of the payment status of the recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
December 31, 2020
30-59
Days Past
Due 		60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total
Past Due 		Current Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans
Commercial $ 18  $ —  $ —  $ 18  $ 603,581  $ —  $ 603,599 
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development —  —  —  —  236,093  —  236,093 
1-4 family residential
first mortgages —  —  —  —  58,535  377  58,912 
Home equity —  —  —  —  9,444  —  9,444 
Commercial —  —  —  —  1,357,190  15,817  1,373,007 
Consumer and other —  —  —  —  5,694  —  5,694 
Total $ 18  $ —  $ —  $ 18  $ 2,270,537  $ 16,194  $ 2,286,749 
December 31, 2019
30-59
Days Past
Due 		60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total
Past Due 		Current Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans
Commercial $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 430,953  $ 91  $ 431,044 
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development —  —  —  —  264,193  —  264,193 
1-4 family residential
first mortgages 76  —  —  76  53,988  411  54,475 
Home equity —  —  —  —  12,349  31  12,380 
Commercial —  152  —  152  1,174,867  5  1,175,024 
Consumer and other —  —  —  —  6,787  —  6,787 
Total $ 76  $ 152  $ —  $ 228  $ 1,943,137  $ 538  $ 1,943,903 

TDR loans totaled $0 and $4 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and were included in the nonaccrual category. There were no loan modifications considered to be TDR that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and one loan modification considered to be TDR that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2018. The pre- and post-modification recorded investment in TDR loans that have occurred during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, totaled $0, $0 and $560, respectively. The financial impact of charge-offs or specific reserves for these modified loans was immaterial.

TDR loans that have been modified within the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, which have subsequently had a payment default, totaled $0, $0 and $544, respectively. A TDR loan is considered to have a payment default when it is past due 30 days or more.


78
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The CARES Act provided financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time in certain circumstances. This temporary suspension may only be applied to modifications of loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 and may not be applied to modifications that are not related to the COVID-19 pandemic. If elected, the temporary suspension may be applied to eligible modifications executed during the period beginning on March 1, 2020 and, as extended by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021, ending on the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the termination of the COVID-19 national emergency. In 2020, federal banking regulators in consultation with FASB issued interagency statements that included similar guidance on their approach for the accounting of loan modifications in light of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that provide that short-term modifications and additional accommodations made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs.

At December 31, 2020, COVID-19-related loan modifications totaled $139,940. The modifications primarily include a deferral of principal and/or interest payments. Expiration of the deferrals range from January 2021 through June 2021. Modifications have been made for hotel loans totaling $64,449, movie theater loans totaling $17,863, mixed-use commercial real estate loans totaling $38,177 and other commercial and commercial real estate loans totaling $19,451 as of December 31, 2020. Modified loans continue to accrue interest and are evaluated for past due status based on the revised payment terms, except for one borrower relationship classified as impaired.

The following tables show the recorded investment in loans by credit quality indicator and loan segment as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
December 31, 2020
Pass Watch Substandard Doubtful Total
Commercial $ 601,806  $ 992  $ 801  $ —  $ 603,599 
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development 236,035  58  —  —  236,093 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 57,680  609  623  —  58,912 
Home equity 9,113  331  —  —  9,444 
Commercial 1,331,780  24,725  16,502  —  1,373,007 
Consumer and other 5,694  —  —  —  5,694 
Total $ 2,242,108  $ 26,715  $ 17,926  $ —  $ 2,286,749 
December 31, 2019
Pass Watch Substandard Doubtful Total
Commercial $ 410,070  $ 18,680  $ 2,294  $ —  $ 431,044 
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development 264,132  61  —  —  264,193 
1-4 family residential first mortgages 52,168  1,841  466  —  54,475 
Home equity 12,349  —  31  —  12,380 
Commercial 1,146,472  28,475  77  —  1,175,024 
Consumer and other 6,787  —  —  —  6,787 
Total $ 1,891,978  $ 49,057  $ 2,868  $ —  $ 1,943,903 
All loans are subject to the assessment of a credit quality indicator. Risk ratings are assigned for each loan at the time of approval, and they change as circumstances dictate during the term of the loan. The Company utilizes a 9-point risk rating scale as shown below, with ratings 1 - 5 included in the Pass column, rating 6 included in the Watch column, ratings 7 - 8 included in the Substandard column, and rating 9 included in the Doubtful column. All loans classified as impaired that are included in the specific evaluation of the allowance for loan losses are included in the Substandard column along with all other loans with ratings of 7 - 8.

Risk rating 1: The loan is secured by cash equivalent collateral.

Risk rating 2: The loan is secured by properly margined marketable securities, bonds or cash surrender value of life insurance.

79
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Risk rating 3: The borrower is in strong financial condition and has strong debt service capacity. The loan is performing as agreed, and the financial characteristics and trends of the borrower exceed industry statistics.

Risk rating 4: The borrower’s financial condition is satisfactory and stable. The borrower has satisfactory debt service capacity, and the loan is well secured. The loan is performing as agreed, and the financial characteristics and trends fall in line with industry statistics.

Risk rating 5: The borrower’s financial condition is less than satisfactory. The loan is still generally paying as agreed, but strained cash flow may cause some slowness in payments. The collateral values adequately preclude loss on the loan. Financial characteristics and trends lag industry statistics. There may be noncompliance with loan covenants.

Risk rating 6: The borrower’s financial condition is deficient. Payment delinquencies may be more common. Collateral values still protect from loss, but margins are narrow. The loan may be reliant on secondary sources of repayment, including liquidation of collateral and guarantor support.

Risk rating 7: The loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Well-defined weaknesses exist that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The Company is inadequately protected by the valuation or paying capacity of the collateral pledged. If deficiencies are not corrected, there is a distinct possibility that a loss will be sustained.

Risk rating 8: All the characteristics of rating 7 exist with the added condition that the loan is past due more than 90 days or there is reason to believe the Company will not receive its principal and interest according to the terms of the loan agreement.

Risk rating 9: All the weaknesses inherent in risk ratings 7 and 8 exist with the added condition that collection or liquidation, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, is highly questionable and improbable. A loan reaching this category would most likely be charged off.

Credit quality indicators for all loans and the Company’s risk rating process are dynamic and updated on a continuous basis. Risk ratings are updated as circumstances that could affect the repayment of an individual loan are brought to management’s attention through an established monitoring process. Individual lenders initiate changes as appropriate for ratings 1 through 5, and changes for ratings 6 through 9 are initiated via communications with management. The likelihood of loss increases as the risk rating increases and is generally preceded by a loan appearing on the Watch List, which consists of all loans with a risk rating of 6 or worse. Written action plans with firm target dates for resolution of identified problems are maintained and reviewed on a quarterly basis for all segments of loans included on the Watch List.

In addition to the Company’s internal credit monitoring practices and procedures, an outsourced independent credit review function is in place to further assess assigned internal risk classifications and monitor compliance with internal lending policies and procedures.

In all portfolio segments, the primary risks are that a borrower’s income stream diminishes to the point that it is not able to make scheduled principal and interest payments and any collateral securing the loan declines in value. The risk of declining collateral values is present for most types of loans.

Commercial loans consist primarily of loans to businesses for various purposes, including revolving lines to finance current operations, inventory and accounts receivable, and capital expenditure loans to finance equipment and other fixed assets. These loans generally have short maturities, have either adjustable or fixed interest rates, and are either unsecured or secured by inventory, accounts receivable and/or fixed assets. For commercial loans, the primary source of repayment is from the operation of the business.

Real estate loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral, and consist of loans on commercial properties and single and multifamily residences. Real estate loans are typically structured to mature or reprice every 5 to 10 years with payments based on amortization periods up to 30 years. The majority of construction loans are to contractors and developers for construction of commercial buildings or residential real estate. These loans typically have maturities of up to 24 months. The Company’s loan policy includes minimum appraisal and other credit guidelines.
80
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Consumer loans include loans extended to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures not secured by real estate. The majority of the Company’s consumer lending is for vehicles, consolidation of personal debts and household improvements. The repayment source for consumer loans, including 1-4 family residential mortgages and home equity loans, is typically wages.

The following tables detail changes in the allowance for loan losses by segment for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
2020
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 3,875  $ 2,375  $ 216  $ 127  $ 10,565  $ 77  $ 17,235 
Charge-offs —  —  —  (1) —  —  (1)
Recoveries 103  —  72  4  12  11  202 
Provision (1)
740  259  72  (16) 10,958  (13) 12,000 
Ending balance $ 4,718  $ 2,634  $ 360  $ 114  $ 21,535  $ 75  $ 29,436 
2019
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 3,508  $ 2,384  $ 250  $ 171  $ 10,301  $ 75  $ 16,689 
Charge-offs (452) —  —  —  —  —  (452)
Recoveries 290  —  14  74  12  8  398 
Provision (1)
529  (9) (48) (118) 252  (6) 600 
Ending balance $ 3,875  $ 2,375  $ 216  $ 127  $ 10,565  $ 77  $ 17,235 
2018
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 3,866  $ 2,213  $ 319  $ 186  $ 9,770  $ 76  $ 16,430 
Charge-offs (208) —  —  (24) —  (3) (235)
Recoveries 673  —  18  24  13  16  744 
Provision (1)
(823) 171  (87) (15) 518  (14) (250)
Ending balance $ 3,508  $ 2,384  $ 250  $ 171  $ 10,301  $ 75  $ 16,689 
(1)The negative provisions for the various segments are either related to the decline in outstanding balances in each of those portfolio segments during the time periods disclosed and/or improvement in the credit quality factors related to those portfolio segments.

81
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables show a breakdown of the allowance for loan losses disaggregated on the basis of impairment analysis method by segment as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
December 31, 2020
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 3,000  $ —  $ 3,000 
Collectively evaluated for impairment 4,718  2,634  360  114  18,535  75  26,436 
Total $ 4,718  $ 2,634  $ 360  $ 114  $ 21,535  $ 75  $ 29,436 
December 31, 2019
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,875  2,375  216  127  10,565  77  17,235 
Total $ 3,875  $ 2,375  $ 216  $ 127  $ 10,565  $ 77  $ 17,235 
The following tables show the recorded investment in loans, exclusive of unamortized fees and costs, disaggregated on the basis of impairment analysis method by segment as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
December 31, 2020
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment $ —  $ —  $ 377  $ —  $ 15,817  $ —  $ 16,194 
Collectively evaluated for impairment 603,599  236,093  58,535  9,444  1,357,190  5,694  2,270,555 
Total $ 603,599  $ 236,093  $ 58,912  $ 9,444  $ 1,373,007  $ 5,694  $ 2,286,749 
December 31, 2019
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment $ 91  $ —  $ 411  $ 31  $ 5  $ —  $ 538 
Collectively evaluated for impairment 430,953  264,193  54,064  12,349  1,175,019  6,787  1,943,365 
Total $ 431,044  $ 264,193  $ 54,475  $ 12,380  $ 1,175,024  $ 6,787  $ 1,943,903 
82
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 5. Premises and Equipment, Net
 
Premises and equipment consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
  2020 2019
Land $ 5,427  $ 4,176 
Buildings 14,287  13,834 
Right-of-use assets under operating leases 7,463  8,870 
Leasehold improvements 3,996  3,963 
Furniture and equipment 8,808  8,592 
  39,981  39,435 
Accumulated depreciation (10,904) (9,755)
  $ 29,077  $ 29,680 

Note 6. Operating Leases

The Company leases real estate for its main office, nine branch offices and office space for operations departments under various operating lease agreements. The lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from May 2021 to February 2033, some of which include options to renew at the Company's discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. The weighted average remaining lives of the lease terms used in the measurement of the operating lease liability were 7.1 years and 7.7 years as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The discount rate used in determining the lease liability for each individual lease was the FHLB fixed advance rate which corresponded with the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 for leases that existed at adoption of this accounting standard and as of the lease commencement date for leases entered into subsequent to January 1, 2019. The weighted average discount rates used in the measurement of the operating lease liabilities were 3.20 percent and 3.17 percent as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Operating lease right-of-use assets are included in premises and equipment. Operating lease liabilities of $7,686 and $9,102 are included in other liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Rent expense related to these leases was $1,673, $1,630 and $1,540, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Total estimated rental commitments for the operating leases were as follows as of December 31, 2020.
2021 $ 1,627 
2022 1,583 
2023 1,565 
2024 910 
2025 588 
Thereafter 2,384 
Total lease payments 8,657 
Less: present value discount (971)
Present value of lease liabilities $ 7,686 

83
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 7. Deposits
 
The scheduled maturities of time deposits were as follows as of December 31, 2020.
2021 $ 151,184 
2022 14,665 
2023 7,186 
2024 2,216 
2025 877 
  $ 176,128 
Short-term brokered time deposits totaled zero and $50,000 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Time deposits as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, included $71,286 and $95,889, respectively, of Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service deposits, which is a program that coordinates, on a reciprocal basis, a network of banks to spread deposits exceeding the FDIC insurance coverage limits out to numerous institutions in order to provide insurance coverage for all participating deposits.

Also included in total deposits as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, were $85,348 and $95,618, respectively, of Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) interest-bearing checking and $304,077 and $235,411, respectively, of ICS money market deposits. These are also reciprocal programs providing insurance coverage for all participating deposits. 

Note 8. Subordinated Notes
 
On July 18, 2003, the Company issued $20,619 in junior subordinated debentures to the Company’s subsidiary trust, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I. The junior subordinated debentures are senior to the Company’s common stock. As a result, the Company must make payments on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) before any dividends can be paid on its common stock, and, in the event of the Company’s bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the debentures must be satisfied before any distribution can be made to the holders of the common stock. The Company has the right to defer distributions on the junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) for up to five years, during which time no dividends may be paid to holders of the Company’s common stock. The junior subordinated debentures have a 30-year term, do not require any principal amortization, and are callable at the issuer’s option. The interest rate is a variable rate based on the 3-month LIBOR plus 3.05 percent. At December 31, 2020, the interest rate was 3.29 percent. Interest is payable quarterly, unless deferred. The Company has never deferred an interest payment. The effective cost of the junior subordinated debentures at December 31, 2020, including amortization of issuance costs, was 3.35 percent. Holders of the trust preferred securities associated with the junior subordinated debentures have no voting rights, are unsecured, and rank junior in priority to all the Company’s indebtedness and senior to the Company’s common stock. The junior subordinated debentures are reported net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $167 and $181 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company has an interest rate swap contract that effectively converts $20,000 of the variable-rate junior subordinated debentures to a fixed rate. See Note 11 for additional information on the interest rate swap. In addition, the junior subordinated debentures qualify as additional Tier 1 capital of the Company for regulatory purposes.

84
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 9. Federal Home Loan Bank and Other Borrowings

The following table presents the terms of all FHLB advances as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Weighted Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average Average
Contractual Effective Contractual Effective
Balance Rate
Rate (1)
Balance Rate
Rate (1)
Fixed-rate advances maturing:
2020 $ —  —  % —  % $ 125,000  1.87  % 2.21  %
2021 175,000  0.35  % 2.27  % —  —  % —  %
Variable-rate advances maturing:
2020 —  —  % —  % 55,000  2.27  % 4.46  %
175,000  0.35  % 2.27  % 180,000  1.99  % 2.90  %
Discount for modification —  (635)
FHLB advances, net of discount $ 175,000  $ 179,365 
(1)The effective interest rate includes adjustments for discount amortization and interest rate swap terms, if applicable.

Fixed-rate advances are short-term advances with maturities of 1 to 3 months. The Company has interest rate swaps related to the interest cash flows of these rolling short-term FHLB advances. See Note 11 for additional information on interest rate swaps hedging FHLB advances.

Variable-rate advances were long-term advances. These advances were modified in prior years to extend their terms and to convert the borrowings to a variable rate. In connection with these modifications, the Company paid a prepayment fee which was amortized and recognized as interest expense over the remaining terms of the advances. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company amortized $635, $1,486 and $1,496, respectively, of interest expense related to the discount.
The FHLB advances are collateralized by FHLB stock and real estate loans, as required by the FHLB’s collateral policy. West Bank had additional borrowing capacity of approximately $378,000 at the FHLB as of December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2020, West Bank had arrangements that would allow it to borrow $67,000 in unsecured federal funds lines of credit at correspondent banks that are available under the correspondent banks’ normal terms. The lines have no stated expiration dates. As of December 31, 2020, there were no amounts outstanding under these arrangements.

West Bank also pledges securities as collateral at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window for overnight borrowings. At December 31, 2020, approximately $36,174 of collateral was available to be pledged against potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. There were no balances outstanding at December 31, 2020.

Note 10. Long-Term Debt

In May 2017, the Company entered into a credit agreement with an unaffiliated commercial bank and borrowed $25,000. The borrowing was used to make a capital injection into West Bank in May 2017. In June 2019, the Company modified the principal payment requirements of the credit agreement. Under the terms of the modification, required quarterly principal payments of $625 resumed in August 2020, with the balance due in May 2022. The Company may make additional principal payments without penalty. Interest under the term note is payable quarterly. The interest rate is variable at 1.95 percent plus 30-day LIBOR, which totaled 2.10 percent as of December 31, 2020. In the event of default, the commercial bank may accelerate payment of the loan. The outstanding balance was $10,000 and $11,250 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The note is secured by 100 percent of West Bank’s stock.

West Bank’s special purpose subsidiary has a credit agreement for $11,486. Interest is payable monthly over the term of the agreement with an interest rate of one percent. Monthly principal payments begin in January 2026 and the agreement matures in December 2048. The outstanding balance was $11,486 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

85
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Future required principal payments for long-term debt as of December 31, 2020 are shown in the table below.
2021 $ 2,537 
2022 7,535 
2023 — 
2024 — 
2025 — 
Thereafter 11,486 
$ 21,558 
Note 11. Derivatives

The Company has entered into various interest rate swap agreements as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Company uses interest rate swap agreements to manage its exposure to the variability of interest payments on variable-rate and short-term borrowings and deposits due to interest rate movements. The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps do not represent amounts exchanged by the counterparties, but rather, the notional amount is used to determine, along with other terms of the derivative, the amounts to be exchanged between the counterparties.

Interest Rate Swaps Designated as a Cash Flow Hedge: The Company had interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges with
total notional amounts of $305,000 and $335,000 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had swaps with a total notional amount of $175,000 that hedge the interest payments of rolling fixed-rate one- or three-month funding consisting of FHLB advances or brokered deposits. Also, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had a swap with a total notional amount of $20,000 that effectively converts variable-rate junior subordinated notes to fixed-rate debt and swaps with a total notional amount of $110,000 that hedge the interest payments of certain deposit accounts.

At the inception of each hedge transaction, the Company represented that the underlying principal balance would remain outstanding throughout the hedge transaction, making it probable that sufficient interest payments would exist through the maturity date of the swaps. The cash flow hedges were determined to be fully effective during the remaining terms of the swaps. Therefore, the aggregate fair value of the swaps is recorded in other assets or other liabilities with changes in market value recorded in OCI, net of deferred taxes. See Note 18 for additional fair value information and disclosures. The amounts included in AOCI will be reclassified to interest expense should the hedge no longer be considered effective.

Derivatives Not Designated as Accounting Hedges: To accommodate customer needs, the Company on occasion offers loan level interest rate swaps to its customers and offsets its exposure from such contracts by entering into mirror image swaps with a swap counterparty (back-to-back swap program). The interest rate swaps are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value. The Company enters into a floating-rate loan and a fixed-rate swap with our customer. Simultaneously, the Company enters into an offsetting fixed-rate swap with a swap counterparty. In connection with each swap transaction, the Company agrees to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the customer on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay a swap counterparty the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. These transactions allow the Company’s customers to effectively convert variable-rate loans to fixed-rate loans. The customer accommodations and any offsetting swaps are treated as non-hedging derivative instruments, which do not qualify for hedge accounting.


86
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The table below identifies the balance sheet category and fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Notional
Amount 		Fair Value Balance Sheet
Category 		Weighted Average Floating Rate Weighted Average Fixed Rate Weighted Average Maturity - Years
Cash flow hedges:
December 31, 2020
Interest rate swaps $ 305,000  $ (23,848) Other Liabilities 0.38  % 2.17  % 5.0
December 31, 2019
Interest rate swaps $ 215,000  $ (5,786) Other Liabilities 1.84  % 2.26  % 5.5
Interest rate swaps 70,000  403  Other Assets 2.62  % 2.37  % 5.2
Forward starting interest rate swaps(1)
50,000  (343) Other Liabilities —  % 1.74  % 6.1
Non-hedging derivatives:
December 31, 2020
Interest rate swaps - counterparty $ 83,876  $ 492  Other Assets 2.90  % 3.47  % 9.8
Interest rate swaps - loan customer 83,876  (492) Other Liabilities 2.90  % 3.47  % 9.8
(1) The fixed rate for forward starting swaps represents the fixed rate to be paid beginning on the scheduled start dates of the swaps. No interest payments were required related to these swaps prior to their effective dates.
The following table identifies the pretax gains or losses recognized on the Company’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Amount of Pretax Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI Reclassified from AOCI into Income
Years Ended: Category Amount of Gain (Loss)
December 31, 2020 $ (22,278) Interest Expense $ (4,187)
December 31, 2019 $ (7,355) Interest Expense $ 142 
December 31, 2018 $ 1,044  Interest Expense $ (105)
The Company estimates there will be approximately $5,456 reclassified from AOCI to interest expense through December 31, 2021. The Company will continue to assess the effectiveness of the hedges on a quarterly basis.
The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by interest rate swap counterparties, which is minimized by collateral-pledging provisions in the agreements. Derivative contracts with swap counterparties are executed with a Credit Support Annex, which is a bilateral ratings-sensitive agreement that requires collateral postings at established credit threshold levels. These agreements protect the interests of the Company and its counterparties should either party suffer a credit rating deterioration. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company pledged $24,100 and $6,570, respectively, of collateral to the counterparties in the form of cash on deposit with third parties. The interest rate swap product with the borrowers is cross collateralized with the underlying loan and therefore there is no pledged cash collateral under swap contracts with customers.
87
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 12. Income Taxes

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions. Income tax returns for the years 2017 through 2020 remain open to examination by federal and state taxing authorities. No material income tax related interest or penalties were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 or 2018.  


The following table shows the components of income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
  2020 2019 2018
Current:      
Federal $ 8,773  $ 5,112  $ 5,012 
State 2,921  1,973  1,907 
Deferred:    
Federal (2,564) (17) (277)
State (461) (16) (82)
Income taxes $ 8,669  $ 7,052  $ 6,560 
Total income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21 percent to income before income taxes, as shown in the following table.
  2020 2019 2018
  Amount Percent
of Pretax
Income 		Amount Percent
of Pretax
Income 		Amount Percent
of Pretax
Income
Computed expected tax expense $ 8,690  21.0  % $ 7,506  21.0  % $ 7,364  21.0  %
State income tax expense, net of
federal income tax benefit 1,846  4.5  % 1,543  4.3  % 1,425  4.1  %
Tax-exempt interest income (647) (1.6) % (804) (2.2) % (1,390) (4.0) %
Nondeductible interest expense to
own tax-exempt securities 88  0.2  % 183  0.5  % 231  0.7  %
Tax-exempt increase in cash value of
life insurance and gains (125) (0.3) % (135) (0.4) % (132) (0.4) %
Stock compensation 97  0.2  % (13) —  % (219) (0.6) %
Amended tax returns —  —  % —  —  % 222  0.6  %
Federal income tax credits (1,239) (3.0) % (1,265) (3.5) % (1,140) (3.3) %
Other, net (41) (0.1) % 37  0.1  % 199  0.6  %
Income taxes $ 8,669  20.9  % $ 7,052  19.8  % $ 6,560  18.7  %


88
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net deferred tax assets consisted of the following components as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
  2020 2019
Deferred tax assets:    
Allowance for loan losses $ 7,418  $ 4,309 
Net unrealized losses on interest rate swaps 6,010  1,441 
Lease liabilities 1,919  2,275 
Accrued expenses 352  297 
Restricted stock unit compensation 763  832 
State net operating loss carryforward 1,197  1,114 
Capital loss carryforward —  3 
Other 37  53 
  17,696  10,324 
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Right-of-use assets 1,863  2,218 
Deferred loan costs 256  218 
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale 2,019  352 
Premises and equipment 801  839 
Other 271  219 
  5,210  3,846 
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 12,486  6,478 
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (1,197) (1,117)
Net deferred tax assets $ 11,289  $ 5,361 
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $29,922 of Iowa net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future Iowa taxable income. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against the tax effect of the Iowa net operating loss carryforwards, as management believes it is more likely than not that such carryforwards will expire without being utilized. Iowa net operating loss carryforwards of $9 expired in 2020 and the remainder will expire thereafter.

Note 13. Stock Compensation Plans

The West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2017 Plan) was approved by the stockholders in April 2017. The 2017 Plan replaced the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2012 Plan). Upon approval of the 2017 Plan, the 2012 Plan was frozen, and no new grants were made under that plan. Outstanding awards under the 2012 Plan will continue pursuant to their terms and provisions. The 2017 Plan and the 2012 Plan are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which determines the specific individuals who will be granted awards under the 2017 Plan and the type and amount of any such awards. All employees and directors of, and service providers to, the Company and its subsidiary are eligible to become participants in the 2017 Plan, except that nonemployees may not be granted incentive stock options. Under the terms of the 2017 Plan, the Company may grant a total of 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as nonqualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights and stock awards. As of December 31, 2020, 338,035 shares of the Company’s common stock remained available for future awards under the 2017 Plan.

Under the 2017 Plan, the Company may grant RSU awards, as determined by the Compensation Committee, that vest upon the completion of future service requirements or specified performance criteria. All RSUs granted through December 31, 2020 under the 2017 and 2012 Plans were at no cost to the participants, and the participants will not be entitled to receive or accrue dividends until the RSUs have vested. Each RSU entitles the participant to receive one share of common stock on the vesting date or upon the participant’s termination due to death or disability, or upon a change in control of the Company if the RSUs are not fully assumed or if the RSUs are assumed and the participant’s employment is thereafter terminated by the Company without cause or by the participant for good reason. RSUs granted to employees vest 20 percent per year over a five year period, and RSUs granted to directors vest after one year. If a participant terminates employment prior to the end of the continuous service period other than due to death, disability or retirement, the award is forfeited. If a participant terminates service due to retirement, the RSUs will continue to vest, subject to provisions of the 2017 and 2012 Plans.


89
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following table includes a summary of nonvested RSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
2020 2019 2018
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Grant Date Grant Date Grant Date
Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value
(actual amounts, not in thousands) Shares Per Share Shares Per Share Shares Per Share
Nonvested shares, beginning balance 380,600  $ 21.52  354,350  $ 22.13  339,300  $ 19.55 
Granted 147,465  15.38  154,000  20.00  136,500  25.81 
Vested (137,800) 21.09  (127,750) 21.38  (121,450) 19.05 
Forfeited —  —  —  —  —  — 
Nonvested shares, ending balance 390,265  $ 19.35  380,600  $ 21.52  354,350  $ 22.13 
The fair value of RSU awards that vested during 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $2,150, $2,540 and $3,144, respectively. Total compensation costs, including director compensation, recorded for the RSUs were $2,312, $2,993 and $2,741 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The tax expense related to vesting of RSUs totaled $116 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The tax benefit related to the vesting of RSUs totaled $15 and $261, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. As of December 31, 2020, there was $3,524 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSUs, and the weighted average period over which these remaining costs are expected to be recognized was approximately 1.6 years.

Note 14. 401(k) Retirement Plan
 
The Company has a defined contribution plan covering substantially all of its employees. Matching and discretionary contributions are determined annually by the Board of Directors. The Company matched 100 percent of the first six percent of employee deferrals and made an annual discretionary contribution of four percent of eligible employee compensation for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Total matching and discretionary contribution expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, totaled $1,256, $1,107 and $1,040, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the plan held 340,047 and 328,881 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock. These shares are included in the computation of earnings per share.  Dividends on shares held in the plan may be reinvested in Company common stock or paid in cash to the participants, at the election of the participants.

90
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the changes in the balances of each component of AOCI, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Unrealized Accumulated
Unrealized Gains Other
Gains (Losses) (Losses) on Comprehensive
on Securities Derivatives Income (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 2017 $ (2,237) $ 345  $ (1,892)
Transfer of securities held to maturity to securities
available for sale 273  —  273 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (5,856) 784  (5,072)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income 172  75  247 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) (5,411) 859  (4,552)
Reclassification of stranded tax effects (475) 105  (370)
Balance, December 31, 2018 (8,123) 1,309  (6,814)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 9,115  (5,517) 3,598 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income 65  (110) (45)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 9,180  (5,627) 3,553 
Balance, December 31, 2019 1,057  (4,318) (3,261)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 4,994  (16,653) (11,659)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income (57) 3,131  3,074 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 4,937  (13,522) (8,585)
Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 5,994  $ (17,840) $ (11,846)

Note 16. Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Company and West Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements (as shown in the following table) can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators which, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and West Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory requirements. The Company’s and West Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Management believed the Company and West Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject as of December 31, 2020.

91
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The Company’s and West Bank’s capital ratios are presented in the following table as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Actual For Capital Adequacy Purposes For Capital
Adequacy Purposes With Capital Conservation Buffer 		To Be Well-Capitalized
  Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
As of December 31, 2020:            
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated $ 284,977  11.45  % $ 199,092  8.00  % $ 261,308  10.50  % $ 248,865  10.00  %
West Bank 290,677  11.69  % 198,995  8.00  % 261,181  10.50  % 248,744  10.00  %
             
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)          
Consolidated 255,541  10.27  % 149,319  6.00  % 211,535  8.50  % 199,092  8.00  %
West Bank 261,241  10.50  % 149,246  6.00  % 211,431  8.50  % 198,995  8.00  %
             
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 235,541  9.46  % 111,989  4.50  % 174,205  7.00  % 161,762  6.50  %
West Bank 261,241  10.50  % 111,935  4.50  % 174,120  7.00  % 161,683  6.50  %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)            
Consolidated 255,541  8.66  % 118,053  4.00  % 118,053  4.00  % 147,567  5.00  %
West Bank 261,241  8.86  % 117,946  4.00  % 117,946  4.00  % 147,433  5.00  %
             
As of December 31, 2019:            
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)          
Consolidated $ 252,316  11.40  % $ 177,013  8.00  % $ 232,330  10.50  % $ 221,267  10.00  %
West Bank 259,644  11.74  % 176,970  8.00  % 232,273  10.50  % 221,212  10.00  %
             
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)          
Consolidated 235,081  10.62  % 132,760  6.00  % 188,077  8.50  % 177,013  8.00  %
West Bank 242,409  10.96  % 132,727  6.00  % 188,030  8.50  % 176,970  8.00  %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 215,081  9.72  % 99,570  4.50  % 154,887  7.00  % 143,823  6.50  %
West Bank 242,409  10.96  % 99,546  4.50  % 154,849  7.00  % 143,788  6.50  %
             
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)          
Consolidated 235,081  9.53  % 98,693  4.00  % 98,693  4.00  % 123,366  5.00  %
West Bank 242,409  9.83  % 98,656  4.00  % 98,656  4.00  % 123,320  5.00  %
The Company and West Bank are subject to the rules of the Basel III regulatory capital framework and related Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The rules include the implementation of a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer that is added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes. A banking organization with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount will be subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At December 31, 2020, the capital ratios for the Company and West Bank were sufficient to meet the conservation buffer.

The ability of the Company to pay dividends to its stockholders is dependent upon dividends paid by its subsidiary, West Bank. There are currently no additional restrictions on such dividends other than the general restrictions imposed on all Iowa state-chartered banks by applicable law.

92
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The Company’s tangible common equity ratio was 7.02 percent and 8.56 percent at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The tangible common equity ratio is computed by dividing total equity less preferred stock and intangible assets by total assets less intangible assets. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no intangible assets or preferred stock.

Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies
 
Required reserve balances:  Prior to March 26, 2020, West Bank was required to maintain an average reserve balance with the Federal Reserve Bank. The required reserve balance, which was included in cash and due from banks, was approximately $4,836 as of December 31, 2019. On March 26, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the reserve requirement was reduced to zero.

Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk:  The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations that it uses for on-balance sheet instruments. Commitments to lend are subject to borrowers’ continuing compliance with existing credit agreements. The Company’s commitments consisted of the following approximate amounts as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
  2020 2019
Commitments to extend credit $ 832,590  $ 672,117 
Standby letters of credit 23,295  8,029 
  $ 855,885  $ 680,146 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract and generally expire within one year. Commitments to extend credit of approximately $132,834 at December 31, 2020, expire beyond one year. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, and residential and commercial real estate.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party and generally expire within one year. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral held varies as specified above and is required in instances the Company deems necessary. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of the third-party agreement, West Bank would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments West Bank could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount for letters of credit shown in the table above. If the commitment is funded, West Bank would be entitled to seek recovery from the customer. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, no amounts have been recorded as liabilities for West Bank’s potential obligations under these guarantees.

West Bank previously executed MPF Master Commitments (Commitments) with the FHLB of Des Moines to deliver residential mortgage loans and to guarantee the payment of any realized losses that exceed the FHLB’s first loss account for mortgages delivered under the Commitments. West Bank receives credit enhancement fees from the FHLB for providing this guarantee and continuing to assist with managing the credit risk of the MPF Program residential mortgage loans. The term of the most recent Commitment was through January 16, 2015 and was not renewed. The outstanding balance of mortgage loans sold under the MPF Program was $43,847 and $63,409 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company had commitments to invest in qualified affordable housing projects totaling $3,505 and $2,042 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

During 2020, the Company began construction on a new office in Sartell, Minnesota, which had a commitment of $8,324 as of December 31, 2020.
93
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Concentrations of credit risk:  Substantially all of the Company’s loans, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Company’s market areas. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 4. The distribution by type of loan of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution by type of loan of loans outstanding. Standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers.

Contingencies:  Neither the Company nor West Bank is a party, and no property of these entities is subject, to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to West Bank’s business. The Company does not know of any proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or West Bank.

Note 18. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts business. The Company’s balance sheet contains investment securities available for sale and derivative instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value is as follows:

    Level 1 uses quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

    Level 2 uses observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

    Level 3 uses unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between Levels at the end of each reporting period, if applicable. There were no transfers between Levels of the fair value hierarchy during 2020 or 2019.

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Investment securities available for sale: When available, quoted market prices are used to determine the fair value of investment securities (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, the Company determines fair value based on various sources and may apply matrix pricing with observable prices for similar bonds where a price for the identical bond is not observable (Level 2). The fair values of these securities are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data such as interest rate volatilities, yield curves, credit spreads, prices from market makers and live trading systems. For the corporate bond portfolio, the Company has elected to use a matrix pricing model as a practical expedient to individual quoted market prices.

Management obtains the fair value of investment securities at the end of each reporting period via a third-party pricing service. Management reviewed the valuation process used by the third party and believed that process was valid. On a quarterly basis, management corroborates the fair values of a randomly selected sample of investment securities by obtaining pricing from an independent source and compares the two sets of fair values. Any significant variances are reviewed and investigated. For a sample of securities, the fair values are further validated by management, by obtaining details of the inputs used by the pricing service. Those inputs were independently tested, and management concluded the fair values were consistent with GAAP requirements and the investment securities were properly classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative instruments: The Company’s derivative instruments consist of interest rate swaps accounted for as cash flow hedges, as well as interest rate swaps which are accounted for as non-hedging derivatives. The Company’s derivative positions are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued using models generally accepted in the financial services industry and that use actively quoted or observable market input values from external market data providers and/or nonbinding broker-dealer quotations. The fair value of the derivatives are determined using discounted cash flow models. These models’ key assumptions include the contractual terms of the respective contract along with significant observable inputs, including interest rates, yield curves, nonperformance risk and volatility.

94
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
The following tables present the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
  2020
Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Investment securities available for sale:        
State and political subdivisions $ 144,332  $ —  $ 144,332  $ — 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 140,962  —  140,962  — 
Mortgage-backed securities 83,523  —  83,523  — 
Collateralized loan obligations 51,754  —  51,754  — 
Derivative instrument, interest rate swap 492  —  492  — 
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instrument, interest rate swap $ 24,340  $ —  $ 24,340  $ — 
  2019
Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Investment securities available for sale:        
State and political subdivisions $ 47,178  $ —  $ 47,178  $ — 
Collateralized mortgage obligations 181,921  —  181,921  — 
Mortgage-backed securities 73,030  —  73,030  — 
Asset-backed securities 17,600  —  17,600  — 
Collateralized loan obligations 64,832  —  64,832  — 
Corporate notes 14,017  —  14,017  — 
Derivative instrument, interest rate swap 403  —  403  — 
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instrument, interest rate swap $ 6,129  $ —  $ 6,129  $ — 
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). As of December 31, 2020, there was $12,817 in impaired loans that had a fair value adjustment. As of December 31, 2019, there were no impaired loans with a fair value adjustment. Impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

In determining the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral of impaired loans, the Company primarily uses third-party appraisals or broker opinions which may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and include consideration of variations in location, size, and income production capacity of the property. Additionally, the appraisals are periodically further adjusted by the Company in consideration of charges that may be incurred in the event of foreclosure and are based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in business factors and changes in market conditions. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of collateral underlying impaired loans and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, the Company considers the fair value of impaired loans to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2020.
Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans Appraisal of collateral Appraisal adjustment 7% selling costs


95
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including those that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. The following table presents the carrying amounts and approximate fair values of financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
  December 31, 2020
  Carrying
Amount 		Approximate
Fair Value 		Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:        
Cash and due from banks $ 77,693  $ 77,693  $ 77,693  $ —  $ — 
Federal funds sold 318,742  318,742  318,742  —  — 
Investment securities available for sale 420,571  420,571  —  420,571  — 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 11,723  11,723  11,723  —  — 
Loans, net 2,251,139  2,329,684  —  2,316,867  12,817 
Accrued interest receivable 11,231  11,231  11,231  —  — 
Interest rate swaps 492  492  —  492  — 
Financial liabilities:        
Deposits $ 2,700,994  $ 2,701,833  $ —  $ 2,701,833  $ — 
Federal funds purchased 5,375  5,375  5,375  —  — 
Subordinated notes, net 20,452  17,349  —  17,349  — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net 175,000  175,000  —  175,000  — 
Long-term debt, net 21,558  21,556  —  21,556  — 
Accrued interest payable 939  939  939  —  — 
Interest rate swap 24,340  24,340  —  24,340  — 
Off-balance-sheet financial instruments:      
Commitments to extend credit —  —  —  —  — 
Standby letters of credit —  —  —  —  — 

  December 31, 2019
  Carrying
Amount 		Approximate
Fair Value 		Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:        
Cash and due from banks $ 37,808  $ 37,808  $ 37,808  $ —  $ — 
Federal funds sold 15,482  15,482  15,482  —  — 
Investment securities available for sale 398,578  398,578  —  398,578  — 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 12,491  12,491  12,491  —  — 
Loans, net 1,924,428  1,941,208  —  1,941,208  — 
Accrued interest receivable 7,134  7,134  7,134  —  — 
Interest rate swaps 403  403  —  403  — 
Financial liabilities:    
Deposits $ 2,014,756  $ 2,015,427  $ —  $ 2,015,427  $ — 
Federal funds purchased 2,660  2,660  2,660  —  — 
Subordinated notes, net 20,438  18,568  —  18,568  — 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net 179,365  179,365  —  179,365  — 
Long-term debt, net 22,925  22,910  —  22,910  — 
Accrued interest payable 2,070  2,070  2,070  —  — 
Interest rate swap 6,129  6,129  —  6,129  — 
Off-balance-sheet financial instruments:
Commitments to extend credit —  —  —  —  — 
Standby letters of credit —  —  —  —  — 

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 19. West Bancorporation, Inc. (Parent Company Only) Condensed Financial Statements
Balance Sheets
December 31, 2020 and 2019
  2020 2019
ASSETS    
Cash $ 4,463  $ 4,122 
Investment in West Bank 250,481  239,147 
Investment in West Bancorporation Capital Trust I 619  619 
Other assets 128  6 
Total assets $ 255,691  $ 243,894 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    
LIABILITIES    
Accrued expenses and other liabilities $ 1,544  $ 386 
Subordinated notes, net 20,452  20,438 
Long-term debt 10,000  11,250 
Total liabilities 31,996  32,074 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    
Preferred stock —  — 
Common stock 3,000  3,000 
Additional paid-in capital 28,823  27,260 
Retained earnings 203,718  184,821 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (11,846) (3,261)
Total stockholders’ equity 223,695  211,820 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 255,691  $ 243,894 
Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
2020 2019 2018
Operating income:
Equity in net income of West Bank $ 34,069  $ 30,205  $ 30,282 
Equity in net income of West Bancorporation Capital Trust I 25  35  33 
Other income 3  —  — 
Total operating income 34,097  30,240  30,315 
Operating expenses:
Interest on subordinated notes 1,016  1,022  1,076 
Interest on long-term debt 283  519  750 
Other expenses 550  498  530 
Total operating expenses 1,849  2,039  2,356 
Income before income taxes 32,248  28,201  27,959 
Income tax benefits (464) (489) (549)
Net income $ 32,712  $ 28,690  $ 28,508 


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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
  2020 2019 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:      
Net income $ 32,712  $ 28,690  $ 28,508 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by    
operating activities:    
Equity in net income of West Bank (34,069) (30,205) (30,282)
Equity in net income of West Bancorporation Capital Trust I (25) (35) (33)
Dividends received from West Bank 16,800  19,200  22,300 
Dividends received from West Bancorporation Capital Trust I 25  35  33 
Amortization 13  13  13 
Deferred income taxes 2  43  — 
Change in assets and liabilities:
Increase (decrease) in other assets (3) 28  107 
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities (49) (20) 25 
Net cash provided by operating activities 15,406  17,749  20,671 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:      
Principal payments on long-term debt (1,250) (4,000) (7,250)
Common stock cash dividends (13,815) (13,578) (12,696)
Net cash used in financing activities (15,065) (17,578) (19,946)
Net increase in cash 341  171  725 
Cash:  
Beginning 4,122  3,951  3,226 
Ending $ 4,463  $ 4,122  $ 3,951 


98
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Note 20. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
  2020
Three months ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31
Interest income $ 25,220  $ 24,657  $ 24,610  $ 25,746 
Interest expense 6,756  3,910  3,478  3,256 
Net interest income 18,464  20,747  21,132  22,490 
Provision for loan losses 1,000  3,000  4,000  4,000 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 17,464  17,747  17,132  18,490 
Noninterest income 2,520  1,775  3,203  2,104 
Noninterest expense 9,663  9,417  10,059  9,915 
Income before income taxes 10,321  10,105  10,276  10,679 
Income taxes 2,232  2,136  2,176  2,125 
Net income $ 8,089  $ 7,969  $ 8,100  $ 8,554 
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.49  $ 0.48  $ 0.49  $ 0.52 
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.49  $ 0.48  $ 0.49  $ 0.52 
  2019
Three months ended March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31
Interest income $ 23,651  $ 24,335  $ 25,612  $ 25,077 
Interest expense 7,762  8,297  8,496  7,690 
Net interest income 15,889  16,038  17,116  17,387 
Provision for loan losses —  —  300  300 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses 15,889  16,038  16,816  17,087 
Noninterest income 2,119  1,999  2,158  2,042 
Noninterest expense 9,544  9,750  9,536  9,576 
Income before income taxes 8,464  8,287  9,438  9,553 
Income taxes 1,565  1,629  1,912  1,946 
Net income $ 6,899  $ 6,658  $ 7,526  $ 7,607 
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.42  $ 0.41  $ 0.46  $ 0.46 
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.42  $ 0.41  $ 0.46  $ 0.46 

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

ITEM 9.  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

Within the two years prior to the date of the most recent financial statements, there have been no changes in or disagreements with accountants of the Company.

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s current disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company’s internal control system is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.

Internal control over financial reporting of the Company includes those policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the Company; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Because of inherent limitations in any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected, including the possibility of the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time.

Management assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework in 2013. Based on this assessment, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer assert that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based on the specified criteria.

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, which audited the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, has issued a report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 that appears in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and is incorporated into this item by reference.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION

The Company has no information to be disclosed under this item.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

PART III

ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information for directors and executive officers as required pursuant to Item 401 of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions “Proposal 1. Election of Directors” and “Governance and Board of Directors—Executive Officers of the Company” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Code of Ethics

The Company has adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to all directors, officers and employees, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer. A copy of the Code of Conduct is available at the Investor Relations, Overview, Corporate Governance section of the Company’s website at www.westbankstrong.com, and the Company intends to satisfy its disclosure requirement by this reference. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding any amendment to or waiver of the Code of Conduct with respect to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, and persons performing similar functions, by posting such information on our website.

Stockholder Recommendations for Nominees to the Board of Directors

The information required pursuant to Item 407(c)(3) of Regulation S-K can be found under the caption “General Matters—2022 Stockholder Proposals” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Identification of Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Company has a standing Audit Committee that consists of Steven T. Schuler, Chair, David R. Milligan, James W. Noyce and Therese M. Vaughan. The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Schuler, Mr. Noyce and Dr. Vaughan are audit committee financial experts. The full Board of Directors has determined that all members of the Audit Committee are independent directors.

ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required pursuant to Item 402 and Item 407(e)(4) of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions “Governance and Board of Directors— Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12.  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required pursuant to Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions Proposal 3. Approve the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference
The information required pursuant to Item 403 of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions “Governance and Board of Directors—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Executive Officers,” “Governance and Board of Directors—Other Beneficial Owners” and “Governance and Board of Directors—Change in Control Agreements” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required pursuant to Item 404 and Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K can be found under the captions “Governance and Board of Directors” and “General Matters—Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference.

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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required pursuant to Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A can be found under the caption “Proposal 4. Ratify the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A, which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

ITEM 15.  EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The following exhibits and financial statement schedules of the Company are filed as part of this report:

(a)1. Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements that appear in Item 8 of this Form 10-K are incorporated herein by reference.

2. Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

3. Exhibits (not covered by independent registered public accounting firms’ reports)
3.1
Restatement of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of West Bancorporation, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2017)
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of West Bancorporation, Inc. as of January 23, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the Form 8-K on January 24, 2019)
4
Description of Capital Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4 filed with the Form 10-K on February 27, 2020)
10.1*
West Bancorporation, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 7, 2012)
10.2*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 10-Q on April 26, 2012)
10.3*
Employment Agreement dated July 23, 2012, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and David D. Nelson (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 8-K on July 25, 2012)
10.4*
Employment Agreement dated July 23, 2012, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Brad L. Winterbottom (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Form 8-K on July 25, 2012)
10.5*
Employment Agreement dated July 23, 2012, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Harlee N. Olafson (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with the Form 8-K on July 25, 2012)
10.6*
Employment Agreement dated July 23, 2012, between West Bancorporation, Inc. and Douglas R. Gulling (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with the Form 8-K on July 25, 2012)
10.7*
West Bancorporation, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 8-K on October 29, 2012)
10.8*
West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 filed with the Form 10-K on March 6, 2014)
10.9*
Amendment No. 1 to West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, Effective January 1, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Form 10-Q/A on August 11, 2020)
10.10*
Amendment No. 2 to West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, Effective January 1, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Form 10-Q/A on August 11, 2020)
10.11*
Amendment No. 3 to West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, Effective January 1, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with the Form 10-Q/A on August 11, 2020)
10.12*
Interim Amendment to West Bancorporation, Inc. Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan, Effective April 1, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with the Form 10-Q/A on August 11, 2020)
10.13*
West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A of the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 1, 2017)
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West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

10.14*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.15*
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.16*
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.17*
Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.18*
Form of Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement under the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 filed with the Form S-8 on April 28, 2017)
10.19*
10.20*
10.21*
First Amendment to the West Bancorporation, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan dated April 26, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2018)
10.22
Amended and Restated Lease Agreement Dated February 20, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.16 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2018)
21
23
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and combined in Exhibit 101)
 
* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.
103
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

WEST BANCORPORATION, INC.
(Registrant)
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ David D. Nelson
    David D. Nelson
    Chief Executive Officer and President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ David D. Nelson
    David D. Nelson
    Chief Executive Officer, Director and President
    (Principal Executive Officer and Director)
     
     
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Douglas R. Gulling
    Douglas R. Gulling
    Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Financial Officer)
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Jane M. Funk
  Jane M. Funk
    Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
  (Principal Accounting Officer)
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ James W. Noyce
  James W. Noyce
Chairman of the Board
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Patrick J. Donovan
  Patrick J. Donovan
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Steven K. Gaer
  Steven K. Gaer
104
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary

March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Michael J. Gerdin
    Michael J. Gerdin
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Sean P. McMurray
    Sean P. McMurray
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ David R. Milligan
  David R. Milligan
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ George D. Milligan
  George D. Milligan
   
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Lou Ann Sandburg
    Lou Ann Sandburg
 
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Steven T. Schuler
  Steven T. Schuler
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Therese M. Vaughan
Therese M. Vaughan
March 1, 2021 By: /s/ Philip Jason Worth
    Philip Jason Worth


105
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