RZLT Rezolute Inc

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

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For the Transition Period from              to

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Commission File Number 001-39683

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REZOLUTE, INC.

(Exact Name of Company as Specified in its Charter)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐   No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Company was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐   No ☑  

As of December 31, 2022, the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates, was approximately $63,584,000, based on the last reported sales price of $2.07 as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market on such date.

The registrant had 36,827,567 shares of its $0.001 par value common stock outstanding as of September 8, 2023.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 (“Annual Report”) contains statements reflecting assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions or beliefs about future events that are intended as “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. These statements appear in a number of places, including, but not limited to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These statements represent our reasonable judgment of the future based on various factors and using numerous assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results and financial position to differ materially from those contemplated by the statements. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts, and use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “may,” “should,” “plan,” “project” and other words of similar meaning. In particular, these include, but are not limited to, statements relating to the following:

Any or all of our forward-looking statements may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors including, but not limited to, the risks described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report.

In addition, there may be other factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from the results referenced in the forward-looking statements, some of which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Many of these factors will be important in determining our actual future results. Consequently, the accuracy of our forward-looking statements cannot be guaranteed. Our actual future results may vary materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report, except as otherwise required by applicable law.

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PART I

Item 1. Business.

Rezolute, Inc. (“Rezolute”, the “Company”, “we” or “us”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical business developing therapies for metabolic diseases related to chronic glucose imbalance.

Summary of Clinical Assets

RZ358

Our lead clinical asset, RZ358, is a potential treatment for congenital hyperinsulinism (“HI”), an ultra-rare pediatric genetic disorder characterized by excessive production of insulin by the pancreas. If untreated, the elevated insulin levels in patients suffering with congenital HI can induce extreme hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) events, increasing the risk of neurological and developmental complications, including persistent feeding problems, learning disabilities, recurrent seizures, brain damage or even death. There are no FDA approved therapies for all forms of congenital HI and the current standard of care treatments are suboptimal. The current treatments used by physicians include glucagon, diazoxide, somatostatin analogues and pancreatectomy.

RZ358 is an intravenously administered human monoclonal antibody that binds to a unique site (allosteric) on the insulin receptor in insulin target tissues, such as in the liver, fat, and muscle. The antibody down modulates insulin’s binding, signaling, and action to maintain glucose levels in a normal range thereby counteracting the effects of elevated insulin in the body. RZ358 shows dose dependent pharmacokinetics with a half- life greater than two weeks which has the potential for twice or even once monthly dosing. Therefore, we believe that RZ358 is ideally suited as a potential therapy for conditions characterized by excessive insulin levels, and it is being developed to treat hyperinsulinism and low blood sugar. As RZ358 acts downstream from the beta cells, it has the potential to be universally effective at treating congenital HI caused by any of the underlying genetic defects.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, we plan to initiate a pivotal Phase 3 clinical study of RZ358 for the treatment of hypoglycemia in participants with congenital HI (the “sunRIZE” study) outside of the U.S. The sunRIZE study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel arm evaluation of RZ358 in participants with congenital HI who are not adequately responding to standard of care medical therapies. Topline results from the study are anticipated to be available in the first half of 2025. The Phase 3 study follows the Company’s multinational Phase 2b study (“RIZE”) conducted in participants 2 years of age and older who were failing medical therapies. The RIZE study demonstrated that RZ358 was generally safe and well-tolerated, as well as highly effective in improving hypoglycemia.

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We have concluded our pre-Phase 3 regulatory and scientific advice meetings with Regulatory Authorities outside of the U.S. and have reached agreement on the design of the Phase 3 study that will include participants 3 months of age and older. In the U.S., we had similar interactions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) culminating in a meeting held with the agency on May 24, 2023 (as confirmed by meeting minutes received from FDA on June 22, 2023), and FDA has maintained an existing age restriction of 12 years of age and older on RZ358 clinical studies, and imposed dose level restrictions based on historical rat toxicology findings. We believe that the FDA restrictions make it infeasible to include the U.S. in the Phase 3 study at this time, since that the pediatric population with congenital HI has the greatest therapeutic need. We are pursuing some additional nonclinical studies that may potentially address FDA’s concerns, in parallel with the initiation and advancement of the Phase 3 study outside of the U.S. Please see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation’s on this Form 10-K for more information on our plans.

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The sunRIZE study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of RZ358 in participants with congenital HI who are unable to achieve control of low blood sugars (<70 mg/dL) with available medical therapies (“hypoglycemia”). The study will determine the ability of RZ358 to correct hypoglycemia as assessed by (i) hypoglycemia events using self-monitored blood glucose (“SMBG”) and (ii) time in hypoglycemia using continuous glucose monitoring (“CGM”) over 24 weeks of treatment.

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The study will also measure the levels of RZ358 and its effects on other important blood and clinical markers of hypoglycemia, as well as quality of life measures. The primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints are the following:

Primary efficacy endpoint:

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Key secondary efficacy endpoint:

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Approximately 56 participants between 3 months and 45 years of age are intended to be enrolled. Participants between 1 and 45 years of age (approximately 48 participants) will be enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion to receive RZ358 or placebo at dose levels of 5 or 10 mg/kg while on standard of care. Infant participants between 3 months and 1 year of age (approximately 8 participants) will be enrolled in open label fashion to receive RZ358 at a starting dose level of 5 mg/kg, which may be increased to 10 mg/kg at the discretion of the investigator. Participants will receive RZ358 as an intravenous infusion every 2 weeks over an initial 4-week loading period (3 doses), followed by monthly doses over an additional 16-week maintenance period (4 doses), for a total of 7 doses over the total 24-week treatment period. Following the study period, participants may proceed into an open-label extension program where investigators shall be permitted to: (i) adjust the dose between 5 and 10 mg/kg; (ii) adjust the dosing frequency between 2 and 4 weeks; and (iii) wean or stop other background hypoglycemia therapies.

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In summary, the study will be comprised of the following treatment groups:

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RZ402

Our second clinical asset, RZ402, is an oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor (“PKI”) being developed as a potential therapy for the chronic treatment of diabetic macular edema (“DME”). DME is a vascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in the U.S. and elsewhere. Chronic exposure to high blood sugar levels can lead to inflammation, cell damage, and the breakdown of blood vessel walls. Specifically, in DME, retinal blood vessels at the back of the eye become porous and permeable leading to the unwanted infiltration of fluid into the macula. This fluid leakage creates distorted vision, and if left untreated, blindness.

Currently available treatments for DME include anti-vascular growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections into the eye or laser surgery. RZ402 is designed to be a once daily oral therapy for the treatment of DME and unlike the anti-VEGF therapies, RZ402 targets the Kallikrein-Kinin System to address inflammation and vascular leakage. We believe that systemic exposure through oral delivery is critical to target the retinal microvasculature at the back of the eye. Further, as an oral therapy, RZ402 has the potential to substantially change the therapeutic paradigm for patients suffering with DME by providing a convenient, self-administered treatment option to encourage earlier initiation of therapy, adherence to prescribed treatment guidelines, and improved overall outcomes.

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In December 2022, we initiated a Phase 2 multi-center, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of RZ402 administered as a monotherapy over a 12-week treatment period in participants with DME who are naïve to, or have received limited anti-VEGF injections. The study population is comprised of DME patients with mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Eligible participants are being randomized equally, to one of three RZ402 active treatment arms at doses of 50, 200, and 400 mg, or a placebo control arm, to receive study drug once daily for 12 weeks, before completing a four-week follow-up. The study is expected to enroll up to approximately 100 patients overall, across approximately 25 investigational sites in the United States. The principal endpoints of the trial include (i) changes in central subfield thickness of the macula, as measured by Spectral Domain Ocular Coherence Tomography, (ii) changes in visual acuity as measured by the early treatment diabetic retinopathy scale, (iii) the repeat dose pharmacokinetics of RZ402 in patients with DME, and (iv) the safety and tolerability of RZ402. We expect to announce topline results from the study in the first quarter of calendar year 2024.

Intellectual Property

Our success depends on an intellectual property portfolio that supports our future revenue streams and also erects barriers to our competitors. We are maintaining and building our patent portfolio through filing new patent applications; prosecuting existing applications; and licensing patents and patent applications. Furthermore we seek to protect our ownership of know-how, trade secrets and trademarks through an active program of legal mechanisms including registrations, assignments, confidentiality agreements, material transfer agreements, research collaborations and licenses. While we have confidence in our agreements and security measures, either may be compromised, and we may not have adequate remedies. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or independently discovered by competitors.

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U.S. patents, as well as most foreign patents, are generally effective for 20 years from the date the earliest application was filed. U.S. patents that were issued on applications filed before June 8, 1995, may be effective until 17 years from the issue date, if that is later than the 20-year date. In some cases, the patent term may be extended to recapture a portion of the term lost during regulatory review of the claimed therapeutic or, in the case of the U.S., because of U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) delays in prosecuting the application. In the U.S., under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (commonly known as the Hatch-Waxman Act), a patent that covers a drug approved by the FDA may be eligible for patent term extension (for up to five years, but not beyond a total of 14 years from the date of product approval) as compensation for patent term lost during the FDA regulatory review process. The duration and extension of the term of foreign patents varies in accordance with local law. In the EU, Supplementary Protection Certificates, or SPCs, are available to extend a patent term up to five years to compensate for patent protection lost during regulatory review. Although all EU Member States must provide SPCs, SPCs must be applied for and granted on a country-by-country basis. Limited exceptions apply to the protection conferred by the SPC.

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As further described in the “XOMA License Agreement” section below, we hold a worldwide, exclusive license from XOMA to patents covering the RZ358 molecule, including 37 issued patents worldwide and in the U.S. (3 U.S.) and pending patent applications with claims directed to compositions of matter and methods of use in therapy. These patents expire between 2030 to 2036. We also are pursuing patent applications relating to formulations of the clinical product candidate. In addition, for certain of our product candidates we also expect to have further exclusivity in the form of data and marketing exclusivity under pharmaceutical regulatory laws, including for example, potentially up to 12 years of exclusivity from the date of first BLA approval of our product candidates.

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We also hold a worldwide, exclusive license from ActiveSite to patents covering the RZ402 molecule, certain prodrug forms of RZ402, and uses (as further described in the “ActiveSite License Agreement” section below), including 9 issued international patents and 7 issued U.S. patents. We have additional patents (2 U.S.) and pending patent applications (3 U.S. and 29 international) with claims directed to formulations, solid forms of RZ402, methods of preparing RZ402, and methods of use in therapy. These patents are expected to expire between 2040 and 2043. We also expect to be granted further exclusivity in the form of data and marketing exclusivity under pharmaceutical regulatory laws in various jurisdictions.

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Competition

We face competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, governmental agencies, and private research organizations in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific personnel and consultants and in the development and acquisition of technologies.

There are other companies developing therapies for HI that are potential competitors to RZ358, including, Eiger Biopharmaceuticals, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, and Zealand Pharma.

There are also companies developing therapies for DME that are potential competitors to our PKI including Curacle, KalVista, Ocuphire Pharma, Oxurion and Verseon.

Government Regulation

Regulation by governmental authorities in the U.S. and other countries is a significant factor in the development, manufacture and marketing of pharmaceutical products. All of our potential products will require regulatory approval by governmental agencies prior to commercialization. In particular, pharmaceutical therapies are subject to rigorous preclinical testing and clinical trials and other pre-market approval requirements by the FDA and Regulatory Authorities (as defined below) in foreign countries. Various federal, state and foreign statutes and regulations also govern or influence the manufacturing, safety, labeling, storage, record keeping and marketing of such products.

In addition, we are subject to various federal, state, and local laws, regulations and recommendations relating to safe working conditions; laboratory and manufacturing practices; the experimental use of animals; and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances, including radioactive compounds and infectious disease agents, used in connection with our research, development and manufacturing.

Research and Development

We incurred approximately $43.8 million and $32.5 million in research and development expenses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For further discussion of activities related to our RZ358 and RZ402 product candidates, please refer to the discussion above. For further discussion of our research and development expenses, please refer to the discussion under the caption Results of Operations under Item 7 of this Annual Report.

Human Capital Management

Employees

As of June 30, 2023, we had 51 full time employees, of which 38 employees were engaged in research and development, manufacturing, clinical operations, regulatory and quality activities and 13 employees were engaged in administrative functions. Of the 51 employees, all were located in the United States. We have a number of employees who hold Ph.D. degrees and other advanced degrees. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we have experienced no work stoppages nor are we aware of any employment circumstances that are likely to disrupt work at any of our facilities. As part of our measures to attract and retain personnel, we provide a number of benefits to our full-time employees, including health insurance, life insurance, retirement plans, paid holiday and vacation time. In addition, we grant stock options to certain key employees as added incentive to remain in our employment. We believe that we maintain good relations with our employees.

Diversity and Inclusion

Diversity and inclusion are priorities for us. We believe that a rich culture of inclusion and diversity enables us to create, develop and fully leverage the strengths of our workforce. In furtherance of our commitment to inclusion and diversity, on May 30, 2023 we adopted an equity and inclusion policy.

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Human Resources, Hiring and Professional Development

The development, attraction and retention of employees is critical to our success. We work diligently to attract the best talent from a diverse range of sources in order to meet the current and future demands of our business. We leverage both formal and informal programs to identify, foster and retain top talent.

Business Ethics

Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is designed to ensure that the conduct of our business is consistent with the highest standards of business ethics. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics serves as a critical tool to help employees recognize and report unethical conduct, while preserving our culture of excellence. Our Board of Directors, management and staff are provided with training regarding our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. On May 30, 2023, we adopted an amended and restated Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. The purpose of amending and restating the prior code was to improve its readability and clarify certain areas of importance, including with respect to compliance with laws, accounting and auditing matters, conflicts of interest, insider trading, confidentiality obligations and the reporting of violations of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

Corporate Information

We were incorporated in Delaware in 2010 and we re-incorporated in Nevada in June 2021. We maintain an executive office located at 275 Shoreline Drive, Suite 500, Redwood City, CA 94065 and our phone number is (650) 206-4507. Our website is located at www.rezolutebio.com. We file annual, quarterly, current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains a website that contains our public filings and other information regarding the Company, at www.sec.gov. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into this document.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Investors should consider carefully the following risks before deciding to purchase any of our securities. If any of the events or developments described below actually occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition would likely suffer and investors may lose all or part of their investment. In addition, it is also possible that other risks and uncertainties that affect our business may arise or become material in the future.

Risks Related to Our Product Development and Commercialization

Any delays in the commencement or completion, or termination or suspension, of our future clinical trials, if any, could result in increased costs to us, delay or limit our ability to generate revenue and adversely affect our commercial prospects.

Before obtaining approval from the government authorities or professional bodies with authority to grant regulatory approval for our drug candidates in a particular country, such as the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), the Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“FDA”) and analogous authorities in other jurisdictions outside of the United States (“Regulatory Authorities”), we must conduct extensive clinical studies to demonstrate safety and efficacy. Clinical testing is expensive, time consuming and uncertain as to outcome. Any delays in the commencement or completion of our ongoing, planned or future clinical trials could significantly increase our costs, slow down our development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. We do not know whether our planned trials will begin on time or at all, or be completed on schedule, if at all. The commencement and completion of clinical trials can be delayed for a number of reasons, including delays related to:

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Delays in initiating a new phase of clinical trials resulting from action by FDA or any other Regulatory Authority would delay the approval obtainment and commercialization of our product candidates and our ability to generate revenue, which would have an adverse effect on our business. For example, as discussed in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the FDA has re-imposed a human drug exposure limit equating to repeat doses of approximately 3 mg/kg per week, a limit which was previously removed during the RIZE study (the “New Restrictions”). As is customary in pediatric drug development, there is a progression of the inclusion of younger participants as a program advances through different stages and continues to demonstrate a good safety profile and a prospect of benefit for children based on previous stages; and the Company’s progression to include younger participants is dampened by the imposition of the New Restrictions by the FDA. The Company and FDA have discussed potential solutions that could enable removal of the New Restrictions and as a result, the Company is pursuing some additional nonclinical studies to potentially address FDA’s concerns, in parallel with the initiation and advancement of the Phase 3 (“sunRIZE”) study outside of the U.S. It is possible that the Company may not satisfy FDA’s nonclinical concerns, which will cause further delays and negatively impact the Company’s development plans for congenital hyperinsulinism (“HI”) in the U.S.

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The clinical hold in the U.S. on RZ358 may impact our development plans and may impact our ability to access the capital markets.

Our most advanced product candidate, RZ358, is currently under clinical hold in the U.S. It may take considerable time and expense to respond to the New Restrictions that have been placed on RZ358 by the FDA, and no assurance can be given that the FDA will remove the New Restrictions or that we will receive FDA approval for RZ358, in which case our business and prospects will likely suffer material adverse consequences.

In May 2023, based on historical rat toxicology found during an early RZ358 development program, the FDA affirmed its decision to impose the New Restrictions after the Company completed its multinational Phase 2b RIZE study conducted in participants 2 years of age and older, which consisted of the age restriction of 12 years and above for U.S. patients, and to re-impose impose a human drug exposure limit equating to repeat doses of approximately 3 mg/kg per week, a limit which was previously removed during the RIZE study. The New Restrictions delay the Company’s progression to include younger participants and consequentially delay the sunRIZE study in the U.S.

A clinical hold for RZ358 and sunRIZE continues to be in place in the U.S., and we do not know whether or when the clinical hold for the development of RZ358 will be lifted. However, we currently expect to commence the sunRIZE study outside of the U.S. as we have concluded our pre-sunRIZE regulatory and scientific advice meetings with Regulatory Authorities outside of the U.S. and have reached agreements on the design of the sunRIZE study that will include participants 3 months of age and older. Positive or promising results from clinical trials of RZ358 conducted in jurisdictions outside of the U.S. may not be predictive of similar results, or may not be replicated, in clinical trials within the U.S. Accordingly, even if we continue to observe the lack of adverse liver findings in the sunRIZE study outside of the U.S., it is not guaranteed that the FDA will accept such findings and lift the New Restrictions which could impact our development plans or ability to file for approval or market RZ358 in the U.S.

It may take a considerable period of time, the length of which is not certain at this time, and expense for us to fully address FDA’s concerns, if at all. Even if we are able to fully respond to the FDA’s questions, the FDA may subsequently make additional requests that we would need to fulfill prior to the lifting of the New Restrictions. It is possible that we will be unable to fully address the FDA’s concerns and as a result the New Restrictions may never be lifted, and we may never be able to begin the sunRIZE study or complete our clinical trials of RZ358 in the U.S. Many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of the sunRIZE study may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval from the FDA for RZ358. If we don’t receive regulatory approval from the FDA for RZ358 our ability to raise capital and the terms of such raise could be impacted.

If we are unable to commercialize RZ358, need to limit the scope of our RZ358 program, or experience significant delays in development, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and our prospects will be adversely affected.

Results of preclinical testing or earlier clinical studies or approval from a Regulatory Authority for the next phase of clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results, therefore none of the product candidates we advance into clinical studies may have favorable results in later clinical studies or receive regulatory approval.

Success in preclinical testing does not ensure that clinical studies will generate adequate data to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of an investigational drug or biologic. Even if our clinical studies produce promising results or a Regulatory Authority provided approval for the next phase of clinical trials, there is no assurance that such results will be replicated or exceeded in later clinical studies. A number of companies in the biotechnology industry, including those with greater resources and experience, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical studies, even after seeing promising results in earlier preclinical and clinical studies. We do not know whether our clinical studies will demonstrate adequate efficacy and safety to justify the continuing advancement of a program. If later stage clinical studies, such as the sunRIZE study to be conducted outside of the U.S., do not produce favorable results, our ability to achieve regulatory approval for our product candidates may be adversely impacted.

Even if we believe that our product candidates have performed satisfactorily in preclinical testing and clinical studies, we may still fail to obtain FDA or other Regulatory Authority approval for our product candidates.

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Adverse events in our clinical trials may force us to stop development of our product candidates or prevent regulatory approval of our product candidates.

Our product candidates may produce serious adverse events in patients during clinical trials. These adverse events could interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials of our product candidates and could result in the FDA, or other Regulatory Authorities requesting additional preclinical data or denying approval of our product candidates for any or all targeted indications. An IRB/EC, independent Data Safety Monitoring Board, the FDA, other Regulatory Authorities or the Company itself may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time. We cannot assure you that any of our product candidates will prove safe for human use.

We are exposed to additional risks as we conduct the sunRIZE study outside of the U.S. and may not be successful in meeting the study’s primary endpoint.

We are initiating and advancing the sunRIZE study outside of the U.S. The sunRIZE study may not produce positive results and meet its primary endpoint outside of the U.S. We may need to commence and complete additional clinical trials that satisfy the specified primary endpoint criteria in order to obtain necessary regulatory approvals from the EMA for RZ358. It is possible that we may not observe the lack of adverse liver findings in the sunRIZE study outside of the U.S., which could potentially impact the FDA’s decision regarding the New Restrictions. Conducting clinical trials outside the U.S. also exposes us to additional risks, including risks associated with:

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After the completion of our clinical studies, we cannot predict whether or when we will obtain regulatory approval to commercialize our product candidates and we cannot, therefore, predict the timing of any future revenue from these product candidates.

Even if we achieve positive clinical results and file for regulatory approval, we cannot commercialize any of our product candidates until the appropriate Regulatory Authorities have reviewed and approved the applications for such product candidates. We cannot assure that the Regulatory Authorities will complete their review processes in a timely manner or that we will obtain regulatory approval for any product candidate we develop. Satisfaction of regulatory requirements typically takes many years, is dependent upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product and requires the expenditure of substantial resources. In addition, we may experience delays or rejections based upon additional government regulation from future legislation or administrative action or changes in Regulatory Authority policy during the period of product development, clinical studies and regulatory review.

Even if U.S. regulatory approval is obtained for a particular drug candidate, the FDA may still impose significant restrictions on marketing, indicated uses and/or require potentially costly post-approval studies or post-approval surveillance. For example, the label ultimately approved, if any, may include restrictions on use. Further, the FDA may require that long-term safety data may need to be obtained as a post-approval requirement. Even if the FDA or a foreign Regulatory Authority approves a product candidate, the approval may impose significant restrictions on the indicated uses, conditions for use, labeling, advertising, promotion, marketing and/or production of such product and may impose requirements for post-approval studies, including additional research and development and clinical trials. The FDA and other Regulatory Authorities also may impose various civil or criminal sanctions for failure to comply with regulatory requirements, including substantial monetary penalties and withdrawal of product approval.

If we or a Regulatory Authority discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, a Regulatory Authority may impose restrictions on that product, the manufacturing facility or us, including requiring recall or

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withdrawal of the product from the market or suspension of manufacturing. If we, our product candidates or the manufacturing facilities for our product candidates fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a Regulatory Authority may: issue warning letters or untitled letters; seek an injunction or impose civil or criminal penalties or monetary fines; suspend or withdraw regulatory approval; suspend any ongoing clinical studies; refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to applications filed by us; suspend or impose restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements; or seize or detain products, refuse to permit the import or export of products, or require us to initiate a product recall.

The occurrence of any event or penalty described above may inhibit our ability to commercialize our products and generate revenue.

If our product candidates do not meet safety or efficacy requirements, they will not receive regulatory approval and we will be unable to market them.

The process of drug development, regulatory review and approval typically is expensive, takes many years and the timing of any approval cannot be accurately predicted. If we fail to obtain regulatory approval for our current or future product candidates, we will be unable to market and sell such products and therefore may never be profitable.

As part of the regulatory approval process, we must conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials for each product candidate to demonstrate safety and efficacy. The number of preclinical studies and clinical trials that will be required varies depending on the product candidate, the indication being evaluated, the trial results and regulations applicable to any particular product candidate.

The results of preclinical studies and initial clinical trials of our product candidates do not necessarily predict the results of later-stage clinical trials. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy despite having progressed through initial clinical trials. We cannot assure you that the data collected from the preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates will be sufficient to support approval by the FDA or a foreign Regulatory Authority. In addition, the continuation of a particular study after review by an independent data safety monitoring board does not necessarily indicate that our product candidate will achieve the clinical endpoint.

The FDA and other Regulatory Authorities can delay, limit or deny approval for many reasons, including: a product candidate may not be safe or effective; our manufacturing processes or facility may not meet the applicable requirements; and changes in Regulatory Authority approval policies or adoption of new regulations may require additional clinical trials or work on our end.

Any delay in, or failure to receive or maintain, approval for any of our products could prevent us from ever generating meaningful revenues or achieving profitability.

Our product candidates are prone to the risks of failure inherent in drug development. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any product candidate for a target indication, we must demonstrate safety in preclinical studies and effectiveness with substantial evidence gathered in well-controlled clinical studies. With respect to approval in the U.S., to the satisfaction of the FDA and, with respect to approval in other countries, to the satisfaction of Regulatory Authorities in those countries, we must demonstrate that the product candidate is safe and effective for use for that target indication and that the manufacturing facilities, processes and controls are adequate.

Despite our efforts, our product candidates may not: offer therapeutic benefit or other improvements over existing, comparable therapeutics; be proven safe and effective in clinical studies; meet applicable regulatory standards; be capable of being produced in sufficient quantities at acceptable costs; be successfully commercialized; or obtain favorable reimbursement.

We are not permitted to market any of our other product candidates in the U.S. until we receive approval of a new drug application, or approval of a biologics license application, from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until we receive the requisite approval from such countries. We have not submitted a new drug application or biologics license application or received marketing approval for any of our product candidates.

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Preclinical testing and clinical studies are long, expensive and uncertain processes. We may spend several years completing our testing for any particular product candidate, and failure can occur at any stage. Negative or inconclusive results or adverse medical events during a clinical study could also cause us, one or more IRBs/ECs at clinical trial sites, a Data Safety Monitoring Board or the FDA or other Regulatory Authority to terminate a clinical study or require that we repeat it or conduct additional studies. Additionally, data obtained from a clinical study is susceptible to varying interpretations and the FDA or other Regulatory Authorities may interpret the results of our clinical studies less favorably than we do. The FDA and equivalent foreign Regulatory Authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and may decide that our data is insufficient to support a marketing application and require additional preclinical, clinical or other studies.

Due to our reliance on contract research organizations or other third parties to conduct clinical trials, we may not have complete control over the timing, conduct and expense of our clinical trials.

We rely primarily on third parties to conduct our clinical trials. As a result, we will have less control over the conduct of the clinical trials, the timing and completion of the trials, the required reporting of adverse events and the management of data developed through the trial than would be the case if our own staff conducted all aspects of our clinical trials. Communicating with outside parties can also be challenging, potentially leading to mistakes and difficulties in coordinating activities. Outside parties may have staffing difficulties, may undergo changes in priorities or may become financially distressed, adversely affecting their willingness or ability to conduct our trials. We may experience unexpected increased costs that are beyond our control. Problems with the timeliness or quality of the work of a contract research organization may lead us to seek to terminate the relationship and use an alternative service provider. However, making this change may be costly and may delay our trials, and contractual restrictions may make such a change difficult or impossible. Additionally, it may be impossible to find a replacement organization that can conduct our trials in an acceptable manner and at an acceptable cost.

Any failure or delay by our third-party suppliers on which we rely or intend to rely to provide materials necessary to develop and manufacture our drug products may delay or impair our ability to commercialize our product candidates.

We rely upon a small number of third-party suppliers for the manufacture of certain raw materials that are necessary to formulate our drug products for preclinical and clinical testing purposes. We intend to continue to rely on them in the future. We also expect to rely upon third parties to produce materials required for the commercial production of our product candidates if we succeed in obtaining necessary regulatory approvals. If we are unable to arrange for third-party sources, or do so on commercially unreasonable terms, we may not be able to complete development of or market our product candidates. In addition, third-party suppliers that we engage may be adversely impacted by COVID-19.

It is possible that our raw material suppliers may not be able to sell these raw materials at the times we need them or on commercially reasonable terms due to forces outside of our control including, but not limited to, inflation and global conflicts. We do not have any control over the process or timing of the acquisition of these raw materials by our manufacturers. Our third-party manufacturers and suppliers may encounter delays in providing their services as a result of supply chain constraints. Moreover, we currently do not have any agreements for the commercial production of these raw materials. Although we generally do not begin a clinical study unless we believe we have a sufficient supply of a product candidate to complete the clinical study, any significant delay in the supply of raw material components needed to produce a product candidate for a clinical study due to the need to replace a third-party manufacturer could considerably delay completion of our clinical studies, product testing and potential regulatory approval of our product candidates. If we or our manufacturers are unable to purchase these raw materials after regulatory approval has been obtained for our product candidates, the commercial launch of our product candidates would be delayed or there would be a shortage in supply of such product candidates, which would impair our ability to generate revenues from the sale of our product candidates.

If we successfully commercialize any of our product candidates, we may be required to establish commercial manufacturing capabilities of larger scale. In addition, as our drug development pipeline increases and matures, we will have a greater need for clinical study and commercial manufacturing capacity. We have no experience manufacturing pharmaceutical products on a commercial scale and we may need to rely on third-party manufacturers with capacity for increased production scale to meet our projected needs for commercial manufacturing, the satisfaction of which on a timely basis may not be met.

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If we use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable for damages.

Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including toxic chemical and biological materials. We could be held liable for any contamination, injury or other damages resulting from these hazardous substances. In addition, our operations produce hazardous waste products. While third parties are responsible for disposal of our hazardous waste, we could be liable under environmental laws for any required cleanup of sites at which our waste is disposed. Federal, state, foreign and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these hazardous materials. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations at any time, or if they change, we may be subject to criminal sanctions and substantial civil liabilities, which may harm our business. Even if we continue to comply with all applicable laws and regulations regarding hazardous materials, we cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge and our resultant liability for any injuries or other damages caused by these accidents.

Guidelines and recommendations published by various organizations may adversely affect the use of any products for which we may receive regulatory approval.

Government agencies issue regulations and guidelines directly applicable to us and to our product candidates. In addition, professional societies, practice management groups, private health or science foundations and organizations involved in various diseases from time to time publish guidelines or recommendations to the medical and patient communities. These various sorts of recommendations may relate to such matters as product usage and use of related or competing therapies. For example, organizations like the American Diabetes Association have made recommendations about therapies in the diabetes therapeutics market. Changes to these recommendations or other guidelines advocating alternative therapies could result in decreased use of any products for which we may receive regulatory approval, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Business

We could be negatively impacted and unable to raise capital on favorable terms or generate revenue if we are not successful with the sunRIZE study outside of the U.S. and if the FDA does not lift the New Restrictions on RZ358.

RZ358 is our lead clinical asset. We have expended considerable resources and efforts on the development of RZ358. As we continue to pursue the development of RZ358, there is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully complete clinical trials for RZ358 outside of the U.S. or that the FDA will lift the New Restrictions imposed on RZ358 within the U.S. If we do not receive positive results from the sunRIZE study outside of the U.S. or if the FDA continues to impose the New Restrictions by such time, our ability to raise additional capital, if at all, on favorable terms may be impeded by our inability to advance the development of our product candidates.

Changes in financial accounting standards or policies have affected, and in the future may affect, our reported financial condition or results of operations; there are inherent limitations to our system of internal controls; changes in corporate governance policies and practices may impact our business.

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We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the recorded amounts of assets, liabilities and net income during the reporting period. A change in the facts and circumstances surrounding those estimates could result in a change to our estimates and could impact our future operating results. GAAP is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to interpret and create accounting policies. A change in those policies can have a significant effect on our reported results and may affect our reporting of transactions which are completed before a change is announced. In general, changes to accounting rules or challenges to our interpretation or application of the rules by regulators may have a material adverse effect on our reported financial results or on the way we conduct business.

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Our system of internal and disclosure controls and procedures was designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving its objectives. However, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been or will be detected. As a result, there can be no assurance that our system of internal and disclosure controls and procedures will be successful in preventing all errors, theft and fraud, or in informing management of all material information in a timely manner.

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Finally, corporate governance, public disclosure and compliance practices continue to evolve based upon continuing legislative action, SEC rulemaking and policy positions taken by large institutional stockholders and proxy advisors. As a result, the number of rules, regulations and standards applicable to us may become more burdensome to comply with, could increase scrutiny of our practices and policies by these or other groups and increase our legal and financial compliance costs and the amount of time management must devote to governance and compliance activities. For example, the SEC has recently proposed rules requiring that issuers provide significantly increased disclosures concerning cybersecurity matters and the impact of climate changes on their business and has adopted rules requiring public companies to adopt more stringent executive compensation clawback policies. Increasing regulatory burdens and corporate governance requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our Board of Directors and qualified executive officers.

We have a history of losses and may not achieve profitability in the future. We will need substantial additional capital to fund our operations. If we fail to obtain additional capital, we will be unable to sustain operations.

We incurred net losses of $51.2 million and $41.1 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $261.0 million. Cash used in our operating activities amounted to $44.5 million and $39.6 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We expect that the amount of cash used in our operating activities will continue to increase for the next several years. As of June 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $16.0 million and investments in marketable debt securities of $102.3 million that is expected to provide us with adequate capital resources to fund planned activities at least through the third quarter of calendar year 2025.

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Since our inception, we have not generated meaningful revenue. We expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future as we develop and commercialize our product candidate pipeline, and we expect to need additional capital from external sources before we will be able to begin generating revenue, if ever. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue one or more of our research and development programs. We may be required to cease operations or seek partners for our product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available. In the absence of additional capital we may also be required to relinquish, license or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in the development of our product candidates.

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We face potential product liability exposure, and, if successful claims are brought against us, we may incur substantial liability.

The use of our product candidates in clinical studies and the sale of any products for which we obtain marketing approval expose us to the risk of product liability claims. Product liability claims might be brought against us by consumers, health care providers, pharmaceutical companies or others selling or otherwise coming into contact with our products. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we could incur substantial liabilities. In addition, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in: impairment of our business reputation; withdrawal of clinical study participants; costs of related litigation; distraction of management’s attention from our primary business; substantial monetary awards to patients or other claimants; the inability to commercialize our product candidates; and decreased demand for our product candidates, if approved for commercial sale.

We currently have clinical trial insurance for our active clinical programs. This product liability insurance coverage for our clinical studies may not be sufficient to reimburse us for all expenses or losses we may suffer. Moreover, insurance

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coverage is becoming increasingly expensive, and, in the future, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses due to liability. If and when we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we intend to expand our insurance coverage to include the sale of commercial products; however, we may be unable to obtain this product liability insurance on commercially reasonable terms. On occasion, large judgments have been awarded in class action lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated adverse effects. A successful product liability claim, or series of claims, brought against us could cause our stock price to decline and, if judgments exceed our insurance coverage, could decrease our cash and adversely affect our business.

We may not be able to use a significant portion of our net operating loss carryforwards, which could adversely affect our profitability.

Federal and state laws impose substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards in the event that certain ownership changes occur as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”). Due to our financing activities, we experienced ownership changes that have resulted in significant limitations on the future use of our NOL carryforwards. As of June 30, 2023, we have US federal NOL carryforwards of approximately $153.2 million, of which $33.4 million will expire without any opportunity for utilization due to the limitations set forth in IRC Section 382. Assuming that further IRC Section 382 ownership changes do not occur, the remaining $119.8 million of NOL carryforwards consist of approximately (i) $17.1 million that never expire and are currently available to offset taxable income, (ii) $7.9 million that are currently available to offset taxable income but if not utilized will expire in 2031 through 2035, (iii) $13.4 million that becomes available through 2038 and that expire by June 30, 2038 if not utilized, and (iv) $81.4 million that never expire. With respect to $81.4 million of NOL carryforwards that never expire, this amount will become available in varying annual amounts for an aggregate of approximately $15.6 million through fiscal year 2038, and $1.2 million annually thereafter. It is possible that any future ownership changes could result in further limitations on the use of our NOL carryforwards or other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our future financial position, profitability and cash flows.

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and the trading price of our common stock may decline.

We are subject to Section 404 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section 404”), and the related rules of the SEC which generally require our management and independent registered public accounting firm to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Section 404 requires an annual management assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Effective April 27, 2020, the SEC adopted amendments to the “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” definitions in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. The amendments exclude from the “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” definitions an issuer that is eligible to be a smaller reporting company and that had annual revenues of less than $100 million in the most recent fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available. We determined that our Company does not meet the accelerated or large accelerated filer definitions as of June 30, 2023. For so long as we remain a smaller reporting company and a non-accelerated filer, we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to public companies, including, but not limited to, not being required as a non-accelerated filer to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b). An independent assessment by our independent registered public accounting firm of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation.

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Although we have determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 30, 2023, we cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to the capital markets.

Operations outside the United States may be affected by different local politics, business and cultural factors, different regulatory requirements and prohibitions between jurisdictions.

We intend to seek regulatory approval in foreign countries for all of our potential products prior to commercialization. Pharmaceutical therapies are subject to rigorous preclinical testing and clinical trials and other pre-market approval requirements by Regulatory Authorities in foreign countries. Operations outside the United States may be affected by different local business and cultural factors, different regulatory requirements and prohibitions between jurisdictions, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments, and changes in regulatory requirements for financing activities.

We could recognize losses on securities held in our securities portfolio, particularly if interest rates increase or economic and market conditions deteriorate.

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As of June 30, 2023, the fair value of the investments in our marketable debt securities portfolio was approximately $102.3 million. Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of these securities. For example, fixed-rate securities acquired by us are generally subject to decreases in market value when interest rates rise. Additional factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency downgrades of the securities or our own analysis of the value of the security, defaults by the issuer with respect to the underlying securities, and continued instability in the credit markets. Any of the foregoing factors could cause other-than-temporary impairment in future periods and result in realized losses. The process for determining whether impairment is other-than-temporary usually requires difficult, subjective judgments about the future financial performance of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security in order to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security.

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As of June 30, 2023, we had $351,000 in net unrealized losses in our marketable debt securities. Unrealized losses in our marketable debt securities portfolio may increase in the future due to the aforementioned economic factors. While our goal is to hold each security until maturity, that may not be possible in light of our policy to preserve capital and liquidity and because investment in securities with unrealized losses has a diminished utility as a source of liquidity prior to maturity. Selling securities with an unrealized loss would result in the realization of such losses, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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The collapse of certain banks and potentially other financial institutions may adversely impact us.

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On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was shut down, followed on March 11, 2023 by Signature Bank and on May 1, 2023 by First Republic Bank whereby, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was appointed as receiver for each of those banks. As a result, there have been reports of instability at other banks across the globe. Despite the steps taken to date by U.S. agencies to protect depositors, the follow-on effects of the events surrounding the failures of SVB, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank and the pressure on other banks are unknown. Such effects could include failures of other financial institutions to which we face direct or more significant exposure, and the extent of the impacts relating to financial institution instability or failure is uncertain. Our investment portfolio did not and currently does not contain any securities of SVB, and we did not have any deposit accounts with SVB. We are monitoring the situation and intend to minimize any disruptions to our operations should they arise. However, there may be risks that we have not yet identified, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to avoid negative consequences directly or indirectly from the foregoing events or other impacts on financial institutions.

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Unfavorable global and regional economic, political and health conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Our business could be adversely affected by global or regional economic, political and health conditions. Various macroeconomic factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, including changes in inflation, interest rates and overall economic conditions and uncertainties, including those resulting from political instability, trade disputes between nations and the current and future conditions in the global financial markets. For example, beginning in fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, much of the world, including the U.S. and the E.U., began to experience inflation levels not seen in more than 30 years. As a result, prices for many of our inputs have risen, in some cases dramatically. If inflation stays at elevated levels or increases, we may not be able to mitigate the impact of the increased costs we will bear, which could have an impact on our results of operations and financial condition. A global financial crisis or global or regional political and economic instability, wars, terrorism, civil unrest, outbreaks of disease (for example, COVID-19), and other unexpected events, such as supply chain constraints or disruptions, could cause extreme volatility in the capital and credit markets and disrupt our business. Business disruptions could include, among others, disruptions to our commercial activities, including due to supply chain or distribution constraints or challenges, clinical enrollment, clinical site availability, patient accessibility, and conduct of our clinical trials, as well as temporary closures of the facilities of suppliers or contract manufacturers in the biotechnology supply chain. In addition, during certain crises and events, patients may prioritize other items over certain or all of their treatments and/or medications, which could have a negative impact on our commercial sales. A severe or prolonged economic downturn, political disruption or adverse health conditions could result in a variety of risks to our business, including our ability to raise capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. Any of the foregoing could harm our business and we cannot anticipate all of the ways in which the political or economic climate and financial market conditions could adversely impact our business.

Certain Provisions of Nevada law may have anti-takeover effects.

Certain provisions of Nevada law applicable to us could also delay or make more difficult a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving us, including Sections 78.411 through 78.444 of the Nevada Revised Statutes, which prohibit a Nevada corporation from engaging in any business combination with any "interested shareholder" (as defined in the statute) for a period of two years unless certain conditions are met. In addition, our senior management is entitled to certain payments upon a change in control.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Our current patent positions and license portfolio may not include all patent rights needed for the full development and commercialization of our product candidates. We cannot be sure that patent rights we may need in the future will be available to license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

We typically develop our product candidates using compounds that we have acquired or in-licensed, including the original composition of matter patents and patents that claim the activities and methods for such compounds’ production and use. For example, in 2017 we in-licensed (i) a fully human monoclonal antibody from XOMA Corporation (“XOMA”) as well as (ii) a plasma kallikrein inhibitor portfolio from ActiveSite Pharmaceuticals (“ActiveSite”) and in consideration for such licenses, we will owe milestone payments and royalties as we progress product candidates through development.

As we learn more about the mechanisms of action and new methods of manufacture and use of these product candidates, we may file additional patent applications for these new inventions, or we may need to ask our licensors to file them. We may also need to license additional patent rights or other rights on compounds, treatment methods or manufacturing processes because we learn that we need such rights during the continuing development of our product candidates.

Although our patents may prevent others from making, using or selling similar products, they do not ensure that we will not infringe the patent rights of third parties. We may not be aware of all patents or patent applications that may impact our ability to make, use or sell any of our product candidates or proposed product candidates. For example, because we sometimes identify the mechanism of action or molecular target of a given product candidate after identifying its composition of matter and therapeutic use, we may not be aware until the mechanism or target is further elucidated that a third party has an issued or pending patent claiming biological activities or targets that may cover our product candidate.

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U.S. patent applications filed after November 29, 2000 are confidential in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for the first 18 months after such applications’ earliest priority date, and patent offices in other countries often publish patent applications for the first time six months or more after filing. Furthermore, we may not be aware of published or granted conflicting patent rights. Any conflicts resulting from patent applications and patents of others could significantly reduce the coverage of our patents and limit our ability to obtain meaningful patent protection. If others obtain patents with conflicting claims, we may need to obtain licenses to these patents or to develop or obtain alternative technology.

We may not be able to obtain any licenses or other rights to patents, technology or know-how from third parties necessary to conduct our business as described in this Annual Report and such licenses, if available at all, may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Any failure to obtain such licenses could delay or prevent us from developing or commercializing our drug candidates or proposed product candidates, which would harm our business. Litigation, patent office administrative proceedings or patent interference proceedings may be necessarily brought against us or third parties, as discussed below, to enforce any of our patents or other proprietary rights or to determine the scope and validity or enforceability of the proprietary rights of such third parties.

In addition, we may face claims by third parties that our agreements with employees, contractors, or consultants obligating them to assign intellectual property to us are ineffective, or in conflict with prior or competing contractual obligations of assignment, which could result in ownership disputes. In some instances, there may not be adequate written provisions to address clearly the resolution of intellectual property rights that may arise under our agreements, and we may be limited in our ability to use, make or sell these inventions. Litigation may be necessary to resolve these disputes, and if we are not successful, we may be precluded from using certain intellectual property, or may lose our exclusive rights in that intellectual property. Either outcome could have an adverse impact on our business.

If our or our licensors’ patent positions do not adequately protect our product candidates or any future products, others could compete with us more directly, which would harm our business.

Our commercial success will depend in part on our and our licensors’ ability to obtain additional patents and protect our existing patent positions, particularly those patents for which we have secured exclusive rights, as well as our ability to maintain adequate protection of other intellectual property for our technologies, product candidates and any future products in the U.S. and other countries. If we or our licensors do not adequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies and erode or negate any competitive advantage we may have, which could materially harm our business, negatively affect our position in the marketplace, limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates and delay or render impossible our achievement of profitability. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S., and we may encounter significant problems in protecting our proprietary rights in these countries.

The patent positions of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, including our own patent position, involve complex legal and factual questions, and, therefore, validity and enforceability cannot be predicted with certainty. Patents may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated or circumvented. In addition, the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before the patent is issued, and patent scope can be reinterpreted by the courts after issuance. Moreover, many jurisdictions permit third parties to challenge issued patents in administrative proceedings, which may result in further narrowing or even cancellation of patent claims. We cannot predict whether the patent applications we are currently pursuing will issue as patents in any particular jurisdiction or whether the claims of any patents, if issued, will provide sufficient protection from competitors. We and our licensors will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary technologies, product candidates and any future products are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets.

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:

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We may be unable to adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

We rely on trade secrets to protect our proprietary know-how and technological advances, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. We rely in part on confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators, sponsored researchers and other advisors to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights. Failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could enable competitors to use our proprietary information to develop products that compete with our products or cause additional, material adverse effects upon our competitive business position.

Litigation regarding patents, patent applications and other proprietary rights may be expensive and time consuming. If we are involved in such litigation, it could cause delays in bringing product candidates to market and harm our ability to operate.

Our commercial success will depend in part on our ability to manufacture, use, sell and offer to sell our product candidates and proposed product candidates without infringing patents or other proprietary rights of third parties. Although we are not currently aware of any litigation or other proceedings or third-party claims of intellectual property infringement related to our product candidates, the pharmaceutical industry is characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. Other parties may obtain patents in the future and allege that the use of our technologies infringes these patent claims or that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. Likewise, third parties may challenge or infringe upon our or our licensors’ existing or future patents. Proceedings involving our patents or patent applications or those of others could result in adverse decisions regarding the patentability of our inventions relating to our product candidates or the enforceability, validity or scope of protection offered by our patents relating to our product candidates.

Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial costs and divert management’s time and attention in pursuing these proceedings. If we are unable to avoid infringing the patent rights of others, we may be required to seek a license, defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the patents in court. Patent litigation is costly and time-consuming. We may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion. In addition, if we do not obtain a license, develop or obtain non-infringing technology, fail to defend an infringement action successfully or have our patents declared invalid, we may incur substantial monetary damages; encounter significant delays in bringing our product candidates to market; or be precluded from participating in the manufacture, use or sale of our product candidates or methods of treatment requiring licenses.

If our patent and other intellectual property protection is inadequate, future sales and profits may never materialize or competitors could force our products completely out of the market.

Patents which prevent the manufacture or sale of our products may be issued to others. We may have to license those patents and pay significant fees or royalties to the owners of the patents in order to keep marketing our products. This would cause profits on sales to suffer.

We have been granted patents or licensed patents in the United States, but patent applications that have been, or may in the future be, filed by us may not result in the issuance of additional patents. The scope of any patent issued may not be sufficient to protect our technology. The laws of foreign jurisdictions in which we intend to sell our products may not protect our rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.

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In addition to patent protection, we also rely on trade secrets, proprietary know-how and technology advances. We enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and others, but these agreements may not be effective in protecting our proprietary information. Others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or obtain access to our know-how. Litigation, which is expensive, may be necessary to enforce or defend our patents or proprietary rights and may not end favorably for us. We may also choose to initiate litigation against other parties who we come to believe are infringing these patents. If such litigation is unsuccessful or if the patents are invalidated or canceled, we may have to write off the related intangible assets and such an event could significantly reduce our earnings. Any of our licenses, patents or other intellectual property may be challenged, invalidated, canceled, infringed or circumvented and may not provide any competitive advantage to us.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Exercise or conversion of warrants, stock options and other convertible securities will dilute shareholder’s percentage of ownership.

In addition to pre-funded warrants (“PFWs”), we have issued stock options and other warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. In the future, we may grant additional stock options, warrants and convertible securities. The exercise, conversion or exchange of stock options, warrants and convertible securities will dilute the percentage ownership of our shareholders. The dilutive effect of the exercise or conversion of these securities may adversely affect our ability to obtain additional capital. The holders of these securities may be expected to exercise or convert such stock options, warrants and convertible securities at a time when we would be able to obtain additional equity capital on terms more favorable than such securities or when our common stock is trading at a price higher than the exercise or conversion price of the securities.

Our common stock may be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market if we fail to comply with continued listing standards.

Our common stock is currently traded on Nasdaq under the symbol “RZLT”. If we fail to meet any of the continued listing standards of Nasdaq, our common stock could be delisted from Nasdaq. The continued listing standards include specifically enumerated criteria, such as: $1.00 minimum closing bid price (the “Share Price Condition”); shareholders’ equity of at least $2.5 million; 500,000 shares of publicly-held common stock with a market value of at least $1 million; 300 round-lot shareholders; and compliance with Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements, as well as additional or more stringent criteria that may be applied in the exercise of Nasdaq’s discretionary authority.

In order to obtain the initial listing of our shares for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market in November 2020, we effected a reverse stock split in the ratio of 50 shares for 1 share in order to comply with the Share Price Criteria. If the trading price for our shares decreases below $1.00 per share in the future, Nasdaq could delist our shares if the trading price does not subsequently increase above $1.00 per share during prescribed periods and under prescribed conditions set forth in Nasdaq’s listing rules.

Our stock price may be volatile.

The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including (i) limited trading activity on our common stock, (ii) positive or negative results achieved in our clinical activities, including regulatory determinations, (iii) our ability to obtain financing, (iv) additions or departures of key personnel, (v) the specific terms associated with new debt or equity financings, (vi) our ability to execute our business plan, (vii) loss of any strategic relationship, and (viii) economic and other external factors.

In addition, the securities markets have from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

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Offers or availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

If our shareholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market upon the expiration of any statutory holding period or lockup agreements, under Rule 144, or issued upon the exercise of outstanding PFWs, stock options, warrants or other convertible securities, it could create a circumstance commonly referred to as an “overhang” and in anticipation of which the market price of our common stock could fall. The existence of an overhang, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, also could make more difficult our ability to raise additional financing through the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate. The shares of our restricted common stock will be freely tradable upon the earlier of: (i) effectiveness of a registration statement covering such shares and (ii) the date on which such shares may be sold without registration pursuant to Rule 144 (or other applicable exemption) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”).

Investor relations activities and supply and demand factors may affect the price of our common stock.

We expect to utilize various techniques such as non-deal road shows and investor relations campaigns in order to generate investor awareness. These campaigns may include personal, video and telephone conferences with investors and prospective investors in which our business practices are described. We may provide compensation to investor relations firms and pay for newsletters, websites, mailings and email campaigns that are produced by third parties based upon publicly-available information concerning us. We do not intend to review or approve the content of such analysts’ reports or other materials based upon analysts’ own research or methods. Investor relations firms should generally disclose when they are compensated for their efforts, but whether such disclosure is made or complete is not under our control. In addition, investors may, from time to time, also take steps to encourage investor awareness through similar activities that may be undertaken at the expense of the investors. Investor awareness activities may also be suspended or discontinued which may impact the trading market of our common stock.

We have no current plan to pay dividends on our common stock and investors may lose the entire amount of their investment.

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, any income derived from our common stock would only come from a rise in the market price of our common stock, which is uncertain and unpredictable. We cannot assure investors of a positive return on their investment.

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Changes in U.S. tax law could adversely affect our business.

Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect us or holders of our common stock. For example, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, we became subject to Internal Revenue Code Section 174 that requires capitalization of the vast majority of research and development costs whereas under prior tax law substantially all of these costs were deductible in the year incurred. Section 174 provides that such newly-capitalized costs may be amortized and become deductible over a period of 5 years for U.S. based costs and 15 years for foreign- based costs.

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It cannot be predicted whether, when, in what form, or with what effective dates, new tax laws or regulations may be enacted under existing or new tax laws. This could result in an increase in our tax liability or require changes in our business in order to mitigate any adverse effects of changes in tax laws.

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

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Item 2. Properties.

In January 2019, we entered into a lease for our headquarters location at 201 Redwood Shores Parkway, Suite 315, Redwood City, CA 94065. The leased space consists of approximately 3,500 square feet of office space and provides for monthly rent of approximately $21,000 through the expiration date in March 2022. Subsequently, we extended this lease on a month-to-month basis through October 2022, when the lease for our new headquarters location commenced.

In April 2022, we entered into a lease for a new headquarters location at 275 Shoreline Drive, Suite 500, Redwood City CA 94065. The leased space contains approximately 9,300 square feet of office space. The lease commenced in October 2022 and provides for average remaining monthly rent of approximately $53,000 through October 2027.

In November 2020, we entered into a lease in Bend, Oregon where the leased space consists of approximately 5,000 square feet of office space and provides for monthly rent of approximately $8,400 through the expiration date in February 2024.

We believe our current physical properties are sufficient and adequate to meet our current and projected requirements.

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

For a discussion of the Company’s legal proceedings, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Commitments and Contingencies” in Part II. Item 8 on this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Since November 9, 2020, our common stock has traded on Nasdaq under the symbol “RZLT”.

Holders

As of September 8, 2023, there were 274 holders of record of our common stock. We believe the number of beneficial owners of our common stock is substantially greater than the number of record holders because a large portion of our outstanding common stock is held of record in broker “street names” for the benefit of individual investors.

Dividends

We have never paid cash dividends and intend to employ all available funds in the development of our business. We have no plans to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Information regarding our equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2023 is disclosed in Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Item 6. [Reserved]

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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements which involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements on page ii, the “Risk Factors” set forth in Item 1A, and elsewhere in this Annual Report. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements or the risk factors. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

Certain figures, such as interest rates and other percentages included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this section have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our consolidated financial statements or in the associated text. Certain other amounts that appear in this section may similarly not sum due to rounding.

Executive Summary

Clinical Development

Our key objectives in the fourth quarter of 2023 are completing enrollment for the RZ402 Phase 2 study in DME to enable announcement of topline results in the first quarter of 2024, as well as initiation of the sunRIZE Phase 3 study for RZ358.  

RZ358 Regulatory Status

As discussed in our disclosures on Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC, toxicology studies in rats and monkeys were conducted as part of the early RZ358 development program and in these studies, rats demonstrated a microvascular liver injury at potentially clinically relevant doses and exposures (“rat findings”). However, there were no adverse liver findings in monkeys at dose levels that were more than 10 times higher than doses that were toxic in rats, and more than 4 times higher than human doses evaluated in clinical studies. Based on the absence of liver toxicity in monkeys and the lack of adverse liver findings in closely monitored human trials, the Company believes that the toxicity is unique to rats and unlikely relevant to humans.

As is customary in pediatric drug development, there is a progression of the inclusion of younger participants as a program advances through different stages and continues to demonstrate a good safety profile and a prospect of benefit for children based on previous stages. After the completion of Phase 1 adult healthy volunteer studies for RZ358, Phase 2a single-dose proof of concept studies (“Phase 2a”) were conducted in participants with congenital HI who were 12 years of age and older in countries governed by the Regulatory Authorities in the European Union and elsewhere in Europe. In the US, FDA restricted enrollment in Phase 2a to participants 18 years of age and older and, based on the rat findings, imposed a human drug exposure limit equating to repeat doses of approximately 3 mg/kg per week (“exposure cap”).

Subsequently, in the RIZE study European Authorities and other regulatory bodies continued the expected downward age progression, lowering the age for study participants down from 12 years of age to 2 years of age and older. At the start of the RIZE study the clinical program in the US remained under the 18 years of age and older restriction as well as the exposure cap. However, in the first half of 2020, while the RIZE study was underway, we reached agreement with FDA to proceed with the RIZE study in the US at all dose levels (no exposure cap) and in younger participants (ages 12 and older). Following these developments, the study protocol was harmonized globally, other than a regional difference in the minimum permitted age (12 years and older in the US versus 2 years and older in all other geographies).

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After the completion of the RIZE study, in the second half of 2022 and the first half of 2023, the Company conducted scientific advice meetings with the Regulatory Authorities in Europe which resulted in alignment with our proposed Phase 3 program including overall study design, dosing regimen, endpoints, sample size and patient population. Notably, with all available nonclinical (including the rat findings) and clinical information under review, European Authorities aligned with a further downward age progression whereby participants 3 months of age and older will be permitted to be enrolled in the Phase 3 study.

Prior to engaging FDA on Phase 3 planning in the US, we began interacting with the agency in the second half of 2022 to further liberalize the age restriction to achieve alignment with the parameters established by the European Authorities in the RIZE study. Over the course of these post-RIZE regulatory interactions with FDA, the agency revisited prior concerns regarding the rat findings and, despite the absence of new clinical or nonclinical data (other than the RIZE data), the agency decided to maintain the age restriction of 12 years and above and re-imposed the previous exposure cap which had been removed during the RIZE study (collectively, “New Restrictions”). In the second half of 2022 and the first half of 2023, we interacted with FDA to resolve the New Restrictions, particularly in the context of the advancement of the clinical program in the rest of the world. Nonetheless, FDA affirmed the New Restrictions at a meeting held with us on May 24, 2023.

We have concluded pre-Phase 3 regulatory and scientific advice meetings with Regulatory Authorities outside of the U.S. and have reached agreement on the design of the Phase 3 study that will include participants 3 months of age and older. We believe that the New Restrictions make it infeasible to include the U.S. in the Phase 3 study at this time, particularly given that the pediatric population with congenital HI has the greatest therapeutic need. We are evaluating potential nonclinical studies to address FDA’s concerns in parallel with the initiation and advancement of the Phase 3 study outside of the U.S.

Specifically, in the fourth quarter of 2023, we plan to initiate the Phase 3 sunRIZE clinical study of RZ358 which will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel arm evaluation of RZ358 in participants with congenital HI who are not adequately responding to standard of care medical therapies. Topline results from the study are anticipated to be available in the first half of 2025.

RZ402

In December 2022, we initiated a Phase 2 multi-center, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of RZ402 administered as a monotherapy over a 12-week treatment period in participants with DME who are naïve to, or have received limited anti-VEGF injections. The study population is comprised of DME patients with mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Eligible participants are being randomized equally, to one of three RZ402 active treatment arms at doses of 50, 200, and 400 mg, or a placebo control arm, to receive study drug once daily for 12 weeks, before completing a four-week follow-up. The study is expected to enroll up to approximately 100 patients overall, across approximately 25 investigational sites in the United States. The principal endpoints of the trial include (i) changes in central subfield thickness of the macula, as measured by Spectral Domain Ocular Coherence Tomography, (ii) changes in visual acuity as measured by the early treatment diabetic retinopathy scale, (iii) the repeat dose pharmacokinetics of RZ402 in patients with DME, and (iv) the safety and tolerability of RZ402. We expect to complete enrollment in 2023 and to announce results from the study in the first quarter of 2024.

Investment in Marketable Debt Securities

In January 2023, our Board of Directors determined that it was in our best interest to diversify our cash position, which amounted to $146.7 million as of December 31, 2022. Accordingly, we reinvested an aggregate of $115.0 million of cash held in demand deposit accounts in a portfolio of marketable debt securities and an overnight money market mutual fund with the objective of achieving higher returns on investment.

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Factors Impacting our Results of Operations

We have not generated any meaningful revenues since our inception in March 2010. Over the last several years, we have conducted private placements and public offerings to raise additional capital, adopted a licensing model to pursue development of product candidates, conducted pre-clinical and clinical trials, and conducted other research and development activities on our pipeline of product candidates.

Due to the time required to conduct clinical trials and obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we anticipate it will be some time before we generate substantial revenues, if ever. We expect to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future; therefore, we expect to continue efforts to raise additional capital to maintain our current operating plans over the next several years. We cannot assure you that we will secure such financing or that it will be adequate for the long-term execution of our business strategy. Even if we obtain additional financing, it may be costly and may require us to agree to covenants or other provisions that will favor new investors over our existing shareholders.

Key Components of Consolidated Statements of Operations

Research and development expenses. Research and development (“R&D”) expenses consist primarily of clinical trial costs, compensation and benefits for our personnel engaged in R&D activities, licensing costs, and consultants and outside services. Our R&D costs include an allocable portion of our cash and share-based compensation, employee benefits, and consulting costs related to personnel engaged in the design and development of product candidates and other scientific research projects. We also allocate a portion of our facilities and overhead costs based on the personnel and other resources devoted to R&D activities.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses consist primarily of (i) an allocable portion of our cash and share-based compensation and employee benefits related to personnel engaged in our administrative, finance, accounting, and executive functions, and (ii) an allocable portion of our facilities and overhead costs based on the personnel and other resources devoted to G&A activities. G&A expenses also include travel, legal, auditing, investor relations and other costs primarily related to our status as a public company.

Interest and other income. Interest and other income consist primarily of interest income earned on marketable debt securities and temporary cash investments, amortization of investment premiums and accretion of investment discounts.

Gain from change in fair value of derivative liabilities, net. We recognize derivative liabilities if we issue stock options and warrants but don’t have sufficient authorized shares of common stock to accommodate all potential exercise. Under these circumstances, accounting as a derivative liability was required since the possibility existed that we could have been required to settle stock options and warrants in cash. Such derivative liabilities were recorded at fair value on the date that the deficiency occurred and subsequently adjusted to fair value at the end of each reporting period through the date the deficiency was cured. We also recognize liabilities for embedded derivatives that arose in connection with our legacy debt agreement. Derivative liabilities are adjusted to fair value at the end of each reporting period until the derivative liability contracts are settled, expire, or meet the conditions for equity classification. Changes in fair value are reflected as gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses reflected prior to the date a deficiency is cured are not subsequently reversed.

Employee retention credit. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States government designed programs to assist businesses in dealing with the financial hardships caused by the pandemic. We recognize the right to receive governmental assistance payments in the period in which the related conditions on which they depend are substantially met.

Underwriting discount on issuance of derivative. For derivative liabilities that were issued at a discount versus the grant date fair value of the financial instrument, an expense equal to the amount of the discount was recognized on the issuance date since the derivative liability would have been required to be settled at fair value.

Interest expense. The components of interest expense include the amount of interest payable in cash at the stated interest rate set forth in the debt agreement, and accretion of debt discounts and issuance costs (“DDIC”) using the effective interest

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method. DDIC arises from the issuance of debt instruments and other related contracts or agreements which possess certain terms and conditions resulting in additional financing costs arising from origination, exit and final fees, and other incremental and direct costs incurred to consummate the financing, among others.

Loss on extinguishment of loan agreement. When we repay our debt arrangements prior to the maturity date, we evaluate the terms to determine if the repayment should be accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring, a modification or an extinguishment. If we conclude that accounting as an extinguishment is required, the extinguishment charge includes the write-off of any unaccreted DDIC, prepayment premiums required under the debt agreement, and professional fees incurred to complete the transaction.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Overview

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. These items are monitored and analyzed for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

With respect to our significant accounting policies that are described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report, we believe that the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Investments in Marketable Debt Securities

We account for our investments in marketable debt securities as available-for-sale securities whereby they are recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. Interest income consists of accrued interest earned based on the coupon rate of the security, plus the impact of accreting discounts and amortizing premiums to maturity using the straight-line method which approximates the interest method. Unrealized gains and losses due to subsequent changes in fair value of the investments are reported in shareholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The individual debt securities in our portfolio are subject to credit risk in the event of default by the issuers. We review the components of our portfolio of available-for-sale debt securities, using both quantitative and qualitative factors, to determine if declines in fair value below amortized cost have resulted from a credit-related loss or other factors. If declines in fair value are due to a deterioration of credit quality of the issuer, we recognize (i) a loss in other comprehensive income (loss) if the reduction in fair value is considered temporary, or (ii) a loss in the consolidated statement of operations if the reduction in fair value is considered other than temporary. For a decline in fair value that is solely due to changes in interest rates, impairment is not recognized if we have the ability and intent to hold the investment until maturity. The cost basis of any securities sold prior to maturity will be determined using the specific identification method. 

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Intangible assets related to in-licensing costs under license agreements with third parties are charged to expense unless we are able to determine that the licensing rights have an alternative future use in other research and development projects or otherwise.

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Clinical Trial Accruals

Clinical trial costs are a component of research and development expenses. We accrue and charge to expenses clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon estimates of the percentage of work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with clinical research organizations and clinical trial sites. We determine our estimates through discussions with internal clinical personnel and external service providers as to the progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services.

Nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used or rendered in future research and development activities are deferred and recognized as expense in the period that the related goods are delivered, or services are performed.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

We measure the fair value of services received in exchange for all stock options granted based on the fair market value of the award as of the grant date. We compute the fair value of stock options with time-based vesting using the BSM option-pricing model and recognize the cost of the equity awards over the period that services are provided to earn the award. For awards granted which contain a graded vesting schedule, and the only condition for vesting is a service condition, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period as if the award was, in substance, a single award. We recognize the impact of forfeitures in the period that the forfeiture occurs, rather than estimating on the grant date the number of awards that are not expected to vest in accounting for share-based compensation. For stock options that are voluntarily surrendered by employees, all unrecognized compensation is immediately recognized in the period the options are cancelled.

Gain from Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities

We recognize derivative liabilities whenever we issue stock options and warrants but do not have sufficient authorized shares of common stock to accommodate all potential exercises. Under these circumstances, accounting as a derivative liability was required since the possibility existed that we could have been required to settle these financial instruments in cash. Such derivative liabilities were recorded at fair value on the date that the deficiency occurred and subsequently adjusted to fair value at the end of each reporting period through the date the deficiency was cured. 

Changes in fair value are reflected as gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses reflected prior to the date a deficiency is cured are not subsequently reversed. We also recognize liabilities for embedded derivatives that arose in connection with a legacy debt agreement.

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Results of Operations

Results of operations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 reflect net losses of approximately $51.8 million and $41.1 million, respectively. Our consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, along with the changes between fiscal years, are presented below (in thousands, except percentages):

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Presented below is a discussion of the key factors that resulted in changes in our results of operations for these periods.

Revenue. As a clinical stage company, we did not generate any revenue for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. We are at an early stage of development and do not currently have any commercial products. Our existing product candidates will require extensive additional clinical evaluation, regulatory review, significant marketing efforts and substantial investment before they generate any revenues. We do not expect to be able to market any of our product candidates for several years.

Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

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The increase of $11.3 million was primarily attributable to an increase of $5.3 million in R&D compensation and benefits for our R&D workforce. Cash-based R&D compensation and benefits increased by $3.5 million from $8.2 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 to $11.7 million for the fiscal year ended June 20, 2023. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the average number of R&D employees from 26 to 36 and an increase in bonuses. R&D share-based compensation increased by $1.8 million from $1.4 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 to $3.2 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. This increase is primarily attributable to the expense related to stock options granted to employees in June 2022.

Additional increases of $4.3 million were incurred for our two clinical candidate programs, of which the RZ358 had an increase in spending of $1.1 million and the RZ402 program had an increase in spending of $3.2 million.

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The increase in RZ358 program costs of $1.1 million primarily was driven by an increase of $3.1 million for higher spending for drug substance and drug product manufacturing and other development activities as we began manufacturing activities for a Phase 3 study where enrollment is planned to be initiated during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024. This increase was partially offset by a $2.0 million reduction in milestone payments under our license agreement with XOMA. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we incurred a milestone payment due to XOMA upon dosing of the last patient in the Phase 2b clinical study. We did not incur any RZ358 milestone related costs during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

The RZ402 program cost increase of $3.2 million was primarily attributable to a $3.0 million increase in milestone payments due under our license agreement with ActiveSite. In February 2023, we dosed the first patient in the RZ402 Phase 2 study, triggering a milestone payment due for $3.0 million to ActiveSite. There were no RZ402 related milestone costs incurred during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. In addition to the $3.0 million increase in milestone costs, there was a $1.9 million increase in clinical operation costs related to the ongoing Phase 2 study. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in preclinical, toxicology and other related costs of approximately $1.7 million.

In addition to the increases in R&D compensation and benefits and our clinical programs noted above for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, an increase of approximately $0.8 million was incurred related to facilities and employee related travel costs allocable to R&D due to the increased headcount as noted above.

General and Administrative Expenses. G&A expenses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

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The increase in G&A expenses of $2.8 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to an increase in G&A compensation and benefits related to our administrative workforce of $2.8 million. Cash-based G&A compensation and benefits increased by $1.1 million from $2.7 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 to $3.8 million for the fiscal year ended June 20, 2023. This increase was attributable to an increase in the average number of G&A employees from 9 to 12 and an increase in compensation related to bonuses. G&A share-based compensation increased by $1.8 million from $2.2 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 to $4.0 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. This increase is primarily attributable to the expense related to stock options granted to employees in June 2022.

Interest and other income. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, we recognized $4.2 million of interest income compared to $0.1 million of interest income for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. This increase was primarily due to our decision in January 2023 to invest an aggregate of approximately $115.0 million in marketable debt securities and an overnight money market mutual fund that bear interest at a weighted average effective rate of approximately 5.0%, whereas our temporary cash investments as of June 30, 2022 provided for earnings that were less than 1.0%. This change in strategy midway through the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 resulted in interest income of $1.2 million for the first half of the fiscal year and $3.0 million for the second half of the fiscal year.

Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we recognized a gain of $6.6 million that was primarily due to a reduction of $0.60 per share in our stock price, resulting in changes in fair value of the derivative liability related to our authorized share deficiency that arose when we entered into an underwriting agreement for issuance of the Class B PFWs on May 4, 2022. This authorized share deficiency existed until June 16, 2022 when our shareholders approved an increase in our authorized shares of common stock. Our stock price decreased from $3.80 per share on May 4, 2022, to $3.20 per share on June 16, 2022 when the authorized share deficiency was cured.  For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized losses from the change in fair value of embedded derivative liabilities of $5,000 and $20,000, respectively.

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Employee Retention Credit. Employee retention credit income was $0.2 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. This income is a result of CARES Act benefits for the period of July 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, no income was recognized since governmental assistance was no longer available under the CARES Act.

Underwriting discount on issuance of derivative liability. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, we did not recognize any expense related to underwriting discounts. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we recognized an expense of approximately $2.5 million for an underwriting discount related to the issuance of the Class B PFWs. The fair value of the Class B PFWs on the date of issuance amounted to $41.6 million and the Class B PFWs were sold to the underwriter for a discounted price of $39.1 million. Accordingly, an expense was recognized on the issuance date for the amount of the underwriting discount of $2.5 million.  

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $1.8 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. Interest expense for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 was solely attributable to a loan agreement entered in April 2021 and consisted of (i) accretion of discount of $0.4 million, and (ii) interest expense of $1.4 million based on the contractual rate of approximately 8.9%. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 we did not incur any interest expense due to the repayment of a loan agreement on June 30, 2022.

Loss on extinguishment of loan agreement. We incurred a loss on extinguishment of a loan agreement of approximately $1.8 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. This extinguishment loss was attributable to our exercise of the loan prepayment option that required a 2.00% prepayment penalty of $0.3 million and the unaccreted discount of $1.5 million was written off. We did not incur any losses on extinguishment for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

Income Taxes. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we did not recognize any income tax benefit due to our net losses and our determination that a full valuation allowance was required for our deferred income tax assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Short-term Liquidity Requirements

As of June 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $16.0 million, investments in marketable debt securities $102.3 million and working capital was approximately $99.7 million. We have incurred cumulative net losses of $261.0 million since our inception and as a clinical stage company we have not generated any meaningful revenue to date.

Accordingly, our primary source of liquidity has historically been from the completion of private placements and public offerings of our equity securities, as well as proceeds from the issuance of debt securities. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we received net proceeds from the issuance of equity securities of $11.6 million and $165.2 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, we exercised the prepayment option under a loan agreement which used approximately $16.0 million of the funding from issuances of equity securities earlier in the fiscal year. The completion of these equity financings is the primary source of remaining cash and cash equivalents and investments in marketable debt securities as of June 30, 2023. For further information about the key terms and results of our debt and equity financing activities, please refer to the discussion above under the caption Executive Summary.

In April 2022 we entered into a lease agreement for a new corporate headquarters facility in Redwood City, California.  This lease, which commenced in October 2022, provides for total base rent payments of approximately $2.9 million through the expected expiration of the lease in July 2027. Cash payments related to existing contractual obligations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024 include approximately (i) $0.7 million under all of our operating lease agreements, and (ii) a potential milestone payment to XOMA of $5.0 million that will be due upon dosing of the first patient in a Phase 3 clinical trial for RZ358 that we expect will occur in the next twelve months. Due to uncertainties in the timing associated with clinical trial activities, it is possible that the milestone payments to XOMA could be delayed beyond our the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024.

Based on our cash and cash equivalents balance of $16.0 million combined with our investment in marketable debt security balance of $102.3 million as of June 30, 2023, we believe we have adequate capital resources to meet all of our contractual obligations and conduct all planned activities to advance our clinical trials at least through the third quarter of calendar year 2025.

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Long-term Liquidity Requirements

Our most significant long-term contractual obligations consist of additional clinical and regulatory milestone payments up to $35.0 million payable to XOMA and additional milestone payments up to $25.0 million payable to ActiveSite. Of this total, we expect that $5.0 million will be payable to XOMA during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 as discussed above under the caption Short-term Liquidity Requirements. The remaining $55.0 million is considered a long-term liquidity requirement. Due to uncertainties in the timing associated with clinical trial activities and regulatory approvals, there is even greater uncertainty in forecasting the timing of future clinical and regulatory milestone payments to XOMA and ActiveSite that may be required during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025 and thereafter.

In addition to the clinical and regulatory milestone payments discussed above, upon the future commercialization of RZ358 and RZ402 we will be obligated to pay additional milestone payments and royalties based on the net sales of the related products sales-based and alternative indication regulatory approvals to XOMA and ActiveSite for an additional $202.5 million. These future milestones include $185.0 million in potential payments to XOMA and $17.5 million to ActiveSite for various sales-based milestones and alternative indication regulatory approvals. No assurance can be provided that commercialization will ever be achieved for either of RZ358 and RZ402, whereby none of these future payments may ever be required.

In addition to our licensing obligations, we also have long-term contractual obligations under existing operating lease agreements ranging between approximately $0.6 million to $0.7 million for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 2025 through 2027. Based on our current forecast, we expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our contractual obligations and conduct all planned activities to advance our clinical trials at least through the third quarter of calendar year 2025. Therefore, we will need to obtain additional equity or debt financing in order to fund all of our long-term liquidity requirements.

Presented below is additional discussion about the ongoing requirements pursuant to our license agreements with XOMA and ActiveSite, along with additional information about our ongoing financing activities that impacted our liquidity and capital resources for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

XOMA License Agreement

In December 2017, we entered into a license agreement (“XOMA License Agreement”) with XOMA through its wholly-owned subsidiary, XOMA (U.S.) LLC, pursuant to which XOMA granted an exclusive global license to develop and commercialize XOMA 358 (formerly X358, now RZ358) for all indications. In January 2019, the XOMA License Agreement was amended with an updated payment schedule, as well as revised the amount we were required to expend on development of RZ358 and related licensed products, and revised provisions with respect to our diligence efforts in conducting clinical studies.

Upon the achievement of certain clinical and regulatory events, we will be required to make up to $37.0 million in aggregate milestone payments to XOMA. The first such milestone payment of $2.0 million was triggered upon enrollment of the last patient in our ongoing phase 2 clinical study in January 2022. The next milestone payment of $5.0 million will be due upon the enrollment of the first patient in a Phase 3 study, which we believe will occur in the next twelve months. Additionally, upon the future commercialization of RZ358, we will be required to pay royalties to XOMA based on the net sales of the related products, and milestone payments up to an additional $185.0 million if future annual sales related to RZ358 exceed targets ranging from $100.0 million to $1.0 billion. Through June 30, 2023, no events have occurred that would result in the requirement to make additional milestone payments and no royalties have been incurred.

ActiveSite License Agreement

In August 2017, we entered into a Development and License Agreement with ActiveSite (“ActiveSite License Agreement”) pursuant to which we acquired the rights to ActiveSite’s PKI portfolio. We are planning to use the PKI Program to develop, file, manufacture, market and sell products for diabetic macular edema and other therapeutic indications. The ActiveSite License Agreement requires various milestone payments ranging from $1.0 million to $10.0 million when milestone events occur, up to an aggregate of $46.5 million of aggregate milestone payments. The first milestone payment for $1.0 million was paid in December 2020 after completion of preclinical work and submission of an IND to the FDA for RZ402. The second milestone payment for $3.0 million became due upon dosing of the first patient

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in a Phase 2 study in February 2023. Remaining milestone payments under the ActiveSite License Agreement for various clinical and regulatory milestones amount to $25.0 million and milestones after commercial success or alternative indication approvals amount to $17.5 million. We will also be required to pay royalties equal to 2.0% of any sales of products that use the PKI Program. Through June 30, 2023, no events have occurred that would result in the requirement to make additional milestone payments and no royalties have been incurred.

Cash Flows Summary

Presented below is a summary of our operating, investing and financing cash flows for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

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Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, cash flows used in operating activities amounted to $44.5 million and $39.6 million, respectively. The key components in the calculation of our cash used in operating activities are as follows (in thousands):

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For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, our net loss was $51.8 million compared to $41.1 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022. For further discussion about changes in our operating results for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, please refer to Results of Operations above.

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, our non-cash expenses of $7.7 million primarily consisted of share-based compensation expense of $7.3 million and non-cash lease expense of $0.4 million. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, our non-cash expenses of $8.3 million primarily consisted of share-based compensation expense of $3.7 million, a discount on the issuance of the Class B PFWs derivate liability of $2.5 million, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.5 million, accretion of debt discount and issuance costs of $0.4 million, and non-cash lease expense of $0.2 million.

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, non-cash gains consisted of discount accretion on investments in marketable debt securities of $1.4 million. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, non-cash gains consisted of a gain of $6.5 million attributable to changes in fair value of the Class B PFW derivative liability related to a deficiency in our authorized shares that existed from May 4, 2022 until June 16, 2022.

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we paid a prepayment premium of $0.3 million in connection with the termination of the loan agreement. The cash payment for this amount is included as a financing cash outflow and as a component of our net loss. Accordingly, an adjustment is required to remove this amount from our operating cash outflows. A similar charge was not incurred for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, net changes in operating assets and liabilities increased operating cash flow by $1.0 million, primarily driven by an increase accounts payable and other accrued liabilities of $2.3 million, partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $1.3 million that associated with prepayments for clinical trials and

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manufacturing activities. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, net changes in operating assets and liabilities reduced operating cash flow by $0.6 million, primarily driven by an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.9 million that was associated with to prepayments for clinical trials and manufacturing activities, partially offset by a decrease in other accrued liabilities of $0.2 million

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, our net cash utilized in investing activities amounted to $101.5 million, primarily related to the purchase of $107.3 million of marketable debt securities offset by cash inflows provided by $6.0 million of marketable debt securities. Additionally, our investing activities used $0.2 million for the purchase of furniture and equipment primarily for use in our new office location in Redwood City, California. We did not have any cash flows from investing activities for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2022.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 amounted to $11.6 million. This amount consisted of proceeds of $12.3 million from the 2022 Private Placement. The total proceeds from the 2022 Private Placement of $12.3 million were partially offset by payments of $0.8 million for underwriting commissions and other costs related to this offering.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 amounted to $149.0 million. This amount included (i) $50.7 million received from an underwritten offering of Units in October 2021 for the issuance of approximately 6.8 million shares of common stock at a purchase price of $6.50 per share and issuance of 1.7 million of PFWs at a purchase price of $6.49 per share, (ii) $5.0 million received from a registered direct offering related to the issuance of common stock in October 2021 for the purchase of approximately 0.8 million shares at a purchase price of $6.50 per share, (iii) $110.5 million of proceeds after underwriter discounts from the 2022 RDO in May 2022 for the purchase of approximately 18.0 million shares of common stock at a purchase price of $3.80 per share and purchase of an aggregate of approximately 12.9 Class A PFWs and Class B PFWs at a purchase price of $3.799 per share, and (iv) $2.7 million in gross proceeds for the issuance of common stock under the a purchase agreement and an agent equity distribution agreement. The total proceeds from equity financing activities amounted to $168.9 million and were partially offset by payments of $3.7 million related to financial advisory fees and other costs of equity financings, resulting in net cash proceeds from equity financing activities of $165.2 million.

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we used cash of $16.3 million related to our debt financing activities. Debt financing payments consisted of $0.3 million for payment of additional debt discount and issuance costs under our loan agreement, and $16.0 million for contractual payments required to terminate the loan agreement on June 30, 2022. The contractual payments included (i) repayment of the principal balance of the loan for $15.0 million, (ii) a prepayment fee equal to 2.00% of the outstanding principal balance for a total of $0.3 million, and (iii) a final fee equal to 4.75% of the aggregate amount of the term loan funded for a total of $0.7 million. The security interests and liens granted in April 2021 when we entered into the loan agreement were released on June 30, 2022.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities, which were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report regarding the impact of certain accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Rezolute, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Rezolute, Inc. (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

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/s/ Plante & Moran, PLLC

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We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

Cleveland, Ohio

September 14, 2023

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REZOLUTE, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

June 30, 2023 and 2022

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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REZOLUTE, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

For the Fiscal Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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REZOLUTE, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

For the Fiscal Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

(In Thousands)

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