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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                           to                          
Commission file number: 001-37700
NICOLET BANKSHARES, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Wisconsin 47-0871001
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
111 North Washington Street
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) 
(Zip Code)
(920) 430-1400
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
N/A
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share NCBS The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging Growth Company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of July 27, 2020 there were 10,417,695 shares of $0.01 par value common stock outstanding.


Nicolet Bankshares, Inc.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
June 30, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
NICOLET BANKSHARES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
(Unaudited) (Audited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 66,870    $ 75,433   
Interest-earning deposits 755,814    106,626   
Cash and cash equivalents
822,684    182,059   
Certificates of deposit in other banks 17,809    19,305   
Securities available for sale (“AFS”), at fair value 510,809    449,302   
Other investments 26,375    24,072   
Loans held for sale 21,832    2,706   
Loans 2,821,501    2,573,751   
Allowance for credit losses - loans (“ACL-Loans”) (29,130)   (13,972)  
Loans, net
2,792,371    2,559,779   
Premises and equipment, net 59,896    56,469   
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) 78,953    78,140   
Goodwill and other intangibles, net 164,094    165,967   
Accrued interest receivable and other assets 46,405    39,461   
Total assets
$ 4,541,228    $ 3,577,260   
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits $ 1,087,884    $ 819,055   
Interest-bearing deposits 2,449,921    2,135,398   
Total deposits
3,537,805    2,954,453   
Short-term borrowings —    —   
Long-term borrowings 417,826    67,629   
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities 52,744    38,188   
Total liabilities
4,008,375    3,060,270   
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock 104    106   
Additional paid-in capital 301,778    312,733   
Retained earnings 216,863    199,005   
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 13,288    4,418   
Total Nicolet Bankshares, Inc. stockholders’ equity
532,033    516,262   
Noncontrolling interest 820    728   
Total stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interest
532,853    516,990   
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity
$ 4,541,228    $ 3,577,260   
Preferred shares authorized (no par value)
10,000,000    10,000,000   
Preferred shares issued and outstanding —    —   
Common shares authorized (par value $0.01 per share)
30,000,000    30,000,000   
Common shares outstanding 10,424,407    10,587,738   
Common shares issued 10,443,763    10,610,259   
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
3
ITEM 1. Financial Statements Continued:

NICOLET BANKSHARES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except share and per share data) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
June 30, 		Six Months Ended
June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Interest income:
Loans, including loan fees $ 33,766    $ 31,209    $ 67,544    $ 61,177   
Investment securities:
Taxable
2,042    2,041    4,114    3,674   
Tax-exempt
509    522    1,000    1,071   
Other interest income 575    798    1,237    1,807   
Total interest income
36,892    34,570    73,895    67,729   
Interest expense:
Deposits 4,455    4,730    9,412    9,507   
Short-term borrowings 38    —    65    —   
Long-term borrowings 902    896    1,658    1,803   
Total interest expense
5,395    5,626    11,135    11,310   
Net interest income
31,497    28,944    62,760    56,419   
Provision for credit losses 3,000    300    6,000    500   
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
28,497    28,644    56,760    55,919   
Noninterest income:
Trust services fee income 1,510    1,569    3,089    3,037   
Brokerage fee income 2,269    2,002    4,591    3,812   
Mortgage income, net 9,963    2,059    12,290    3,262   
Service charges on deposit accounts 813    1,194    2,038    2,364   
Card interchange income 1,637    1,660    3,199    3,080   
BOLI income 540    880    1,243    1,339   
Asset gains (losses), net (748)   7,572    (1,402)   7,744   
Other income 1,487    1,624    2,008    3,108   
Total noninterest income
17,471    18,560    27,056    27,746   
Noninterest expense:
Personnel 14,482    15,358    27,805    27,895   
Occupancy, equipment and office 4,361    3,757    8,565    7,507   
Business development and marketing 2,514    1,579    3,873    2,860   
Data processing 2,399    2,350    4,962    4,705   
Intangibles amortization 880    969    1,873    2,022   
Other expense 3,177    1,714    4,589    3,497   
Total noninterest expense
27,813    25,727    51,667    48,486   
Income before income tax expense
18,155    21,477    32,149    35,179   
Income tax expense 4,576    2,833    7,897    6,185   
Net income
13,579    18,644    24,252    28,994   
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 101    95    219    178   
Net income attributable to Nicolet Bankshares, Inc. $ 13,478    $ 18,549    $ 24,033    $ 28,816   
Earnings per common share:
Basic $ 1.29    $ 1.98    $ 2.30    $ 3.06   
Diluted $ 1.28    $ 1.91    $ 2.25    $ 2.97   
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 10,417,226    9,374,348    10,466,590    9,417,676   
Diluted 10,519,739    9,692,378    10,659,318    9,710,827   
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
4
ITEM 1. Financial Statements Continued:

NICOLET BANKSHARES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands) (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
June 30, 		Six Months Ended
June 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Net income $ 13,579    $ 18,644    $ 24,252    $ 28,994   
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities AFS:
Net unrealized holding gains (losses)
7,985    4,401    12,314    12,112   
Net realized (gains) losses included in income
(164)   (19)   (164)   (32)  
Income tax (expense) benefit (2,112)   (1,183)   (3,280)   (3,262)  
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 5,709    3,199    8,870    8,818   
Comprehensive income $ 19,288    $ 21,843    $ 33,122    $ 37,812   
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5
ITEM 1. Financial Statements Continued:

NICOLET BANKSHARES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands) (Unaudited)
Nicolet Bankshares, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
Common
Stock 		Additional
Paid-In
Capital 		Retained
Earnings 		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) 		Non-
controlling
Interest 		Total
Balances at March 31, 2020 $ 104    $ 299,903    $ 203,385    $ 7,579    $ 769    $ 511,740   
Comprehensive income:
Net income, three months ended June 30, 2020 —    —    13,478    —    101    13,579   
Other comprehensive income (loss)
—    —    —    5,709    —    5,709   
Stock-based compensation expense —    1,657    —    —    —    1,657   
Exercise of stock options, net —    103    —    —    —    103   
Issuance of common stock —    119    —    —    —    119   
Purchase and retirement of common stock —    (4)   —    —    —    (4)  
Distribution to noncontrolling interest —    —    —    —    (50)   (50)  
Balances at June 30, 2020 $ 104    $ 301,778    $ 216,863    $ 13,288    $ 820    $ 532,853   
Balances at March 31, 2019 $ 94    $ 244,063    $ 154,631    $ (21)   $ 826    $ 399,593   
Comprehensive income:
Net income, three months ended June 30, 2019 —    —    18,549    —    95    18,644   
Other comprehensive income (loss)
—    —    —    3,199    —    3,199   
Stock-based compensation expense —    1,391    —    —    —    1,391   
Exercise of stock options, net 2    2,482    —    —    —    2,484   
Issuance of common stock —    135    —    —    —    135   
Purchase and retirement of common stock (2)   (13,108)   —    —    —    (13,110)  
Distribution to noncontrolling interest —    —    —    —    (188)   (188)  
Balances at June 30, 2019 $ 94    $ 234,963    $ 173,180    $ 3,178    $ 733    $ 412,148   
Balances at December 31, 2019 $ 106    $ 312,733    $ 199,005    $ 4,418    $ 728    $ 516,990   
Comprehensive income:
Net income, six months ended June 30, 2020 —    —    24,033    —    219    24,252   
Other comprehensive income (loss)
—    —    —    8,870    —    8,870   
Stock-based compensation expense —    2,956    —    —    —    2,956   
Exercise of stock options, net —    954    —    —    —    954   
Issuance of common stock —    334    —    —    —    334   
Purchase and retirement of common stock (2)   (15,199)   —    —    —    (15,201)  
Distribution to noncontrolling interest —    —    —    —    (127)   (127)  
Adoption of new accounting pronouncement (see Note 1) —    —    (6,175)   —    —    (6,175)  
Balances at June 30, 2020 $ 104    $ 301,778    $ 216,863    $ 13,288    $ 820    $ 532,853   
Balances at December 31, 2018 $ 95    $ 247,790    $ 144,364    $ (5,640)   $ 743    $ 387,352   
Comprehensive income:
Net income, six months ended June 30, 2019 —    —    28,816    —    178    28,994   
Other comprehensive income (loss)
—    —    —    8,818    —    8,818   
Stock-based compensation expense —    2,499    —    —    —    2,499   
Exercise of stock options, net 2    3,180    —    —    —    3,182   
Issuance of common stock —    283    —    —    —    283   
Purchase and retirement of common stock (3)   (18,789)   —    —    —    (18,792)  
Distribution to noncontrolling interest —    —    —    —    (188)   (188)  
Balances at June 30, 2019 $ 94    $ 234,963    $ 173,180    $ 3,178    $ 733    $ 412,148   
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
6
ITEM 1. Financial Statements Continued:

NICOLET BANKSHARES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income $ 24,252    $ 28,994   
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion 4,954    3,194   
Provision for credit losses 6,000    500   
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance (1,058)   (938)  
Stock-based compensation expense 2,956    2,499   
Asset (gains) losses, net 1,402    (7,744)  
Gain on sale of loans held for sale, net (12,217)   (3,246)  
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale 395,187    120,753   
Origination of loans held for sale (404,346)   (121,438)  
Net change in:
Accrued interest receivable and other assets
(9,328)   (6,595)  
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities
12,388    3,135   
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
20,190    19,114   
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Net (increase) decrease in loans (245,750)   (34,459)  
Net (increase) decrease in certificates of deposit in other banks 1,496    (4,403)  
Purchases of securities AFS (94,380)   (29,087)  
Proceeds from sales of securities AFS 9,232    13,240   
Proceeds from calls and maturities of securities AFS 40,017    23,055   
Purchases of other investments (3,738)   (1,373)  
Proceeds from sales of other investments —    17,144   
Purchases of BOLI —    (2,000)  
Proceeds from redemption of BOLI 245    428   
Net (increase) decrease in premises and equipment (6,240)   (3,137)  
Net (increase) decrease in other real estate and other assets —    15   
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
(299,118)   (20,577)  
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits 583,612    (77,499)  
Proceeds from long-term borrowings 367,841    —   
Repayments of long-term borrowings (17,860)   (129)  
Purchase and retirement of common stock (15,201)   (18,792)  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 334    283   
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 954    3,182   
Distribution to noncontrolling interest (127)   (188)  
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
919,553    (93,143)  
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
640,625    (94,606)  
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning
182,059    249,526   
Ending *
$ 822,684    $ 154,920   
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest $ 12,874    $ 11,091   
Cash paid for taxes —    6,340   
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights 2,250    871   
* Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2020 include restricted cash of $1.9 million pledged as collateral on interest rate swaps and no reserve balance was required with the Federal Reserve Bank. At June 30, 2019, cash and cash equivalents include restricted cash of $950,000 pledged as collateral on interest rate swaps and $5.8 million for the reserve balance required with the Federal Reserve Bank.
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
7

NICOLET BANKSHARES, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
General
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated balance sheets, statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows of Nicolet Bankshares, Inc. (the “Company” or “Nicolet”) and its subsidiaries, for the periods presented, and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.
These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and, therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted or abbreviated. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, the allowance for credit losses, valuation of loans in acquisition transactions, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, fair value of financial instruments, other-than-temporary impairment calculations, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain income tax positions and contingencies. Estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change for the Company include the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the determination and assessment of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation of loans acquired in acquisition transactions; therefore, these are critical accounting policies. Factors that may cause sensitivity to the aforementioned estimates include but are not limited to: external market factors such as market interest rates and employment rates, changes to operating policies and procedures, changes in applicable banking or tax regulations, and changes to deferred tax estimates. Actual results may ultimately differ from estimates, although management does not generally believe such differences would materially affect the consolidated financial statements in any individual reporting period presented.
There have been no material changes or developments with respect to the assumptions or methodologies that the Company uses when applying what management believes are critical accounting policies and developing critical accounting estimates as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as disclosed in Updates to Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Developments Adopted below.
Updates to Significant Accounting Policies
Securities Available for Sale: Securities classified as AFS are those securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as AFS would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations, and other similar factors.

The Company evaluates securities AFS in unrealized loss positions on a quarterly basis to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized costs basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. In making this evaluation, management considers the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. Any impairment that is not credit-related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of related deferred income taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on the balance sheet based on the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding charge to net income. Both the ACL and the charge to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell an impaired AFS security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount must be recognized in net income with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis rather than through the establishment of an ACL. See Note 5 for additional disclosures on AFS securities.

Loans – Originated: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are carried at their amortized cost basis, which is the unpaid principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs and any direct principal charge-offs. The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans and report such accrued interest as part of accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
8

Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance using the simple interest method. The accrual of interest income on loans is discontinued when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the borrower’s ability to meet payment of interest or principal when due. Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal, though may be placed in such status earlier based on the circumstances. Loans past due 90 days or more may continue on accrual only when they are well secured and/or in process of collection or renewal. When interest accrual is discontinued, all previously accrued but uncollected interest is reversed against current period interest income. Except in very limited circumstances, cash collections on nonaccrual loans are credited to the loan receivable balance and no interest income is recognized on those loans until the principal balance is paid in full. Accrual of interest may be resumed when the customer is current on all principal and interest payments and has been paying on a timely basis for a sustained period of time. See Note 6 for additional information and disclosures on loans.

Loans – Acquired: Loans purchased in acquisition transactions are acquired loans, and are recorded at their estimated fair value at the acquisition date.

Prior to January 1, 2020, as described in further detail in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company initially classified acquired loans as either purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans (i.e., loans that reflect credit deterioration since origination and it is probable at acquisition that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments) or purchased non-impaired loans (i.e., “performing acquired loans”). The Company estimated the fair value of PCI loans based on the amount and timing of expected principal, interest and other cash flows for each loan. The excess of the loan’s contractual principal and interest payments over all cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition was considered an amount that should not be accreted. These credit discounts (“nonaccretable marks”) were included in the determination of the initial fair value for acquired loans; therefore, no allowance for credit losses was recorded at the acquisition date. Differences between the estimated fair values and expected cash flows of acquired loans at the acquisition date that were not credit-based (“accretable marks”) were subsequently accreted to interest income over the estimated life of the loans. Subsequent to the acquisition date for PCI loans, increases in cash flows over those expected at the acquisition date resulted in a move of the discount from nonaccretable to accretable, while decreases in expected cash flows after the acquisition date were recognized through the provision for credit losses.

Subsequent to January 1, 2020, acquired loans that have evidence of more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. At acquisition, an estimate of expected credit losses is made for PCD loans. This initial allowance for credit losses is allocated to individual PCD loans and added to the purchase price or acquisition date fair value to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the PCD loans. Any difference between the unpaid principal balance of PCD loans and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to noncredit factors, resulting in a discount or premium that is amortized to interest income. For acquired loans not deemed PCD loans at acquisition, the difference between the initial fair value mark and the unpaid principal balance are recognized in interest income over the estimated life of the loans. In addition, an initial allowance for expected credit losses is estimated and recorded as provision expense at the acquisition date. The subsequent measurement of expected credit losses for all acquired loans is the same as the subsequent measurement of expected credit losses for originated loans. See Note 6 for additional information and disclosures on loans.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans: The ACL-Loans represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company estimates the ACL-Loans based on the amortized cost basis of the underlying loan and has made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest from the loan’s amortized cost basis and the related measurement of the ACL-Loans. Estimating the amount of the ACL-Loans is a function of a number of factors, including but not limited to changes in the loan portfolio, net charge-offs, trends in past due and nonaccrual loans, and the level of potential problem loans, all of which may be susceptible to significant change.

Prior to January 1, 2020, as described in further detail in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company used an incurred loss impairment model. This methodology assessed the overall appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses and included allocations for specifically identified impaired loans and loss factors for all remaining loans, with a component primarily based on historical loss rates and another component primarily based on other qualitative factors. Impaired loans were individually assessed and measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan was collateral dependent. Loans that were determined not to be impaired were collectively evaluated for impairment, stratified by type and allocated loss ranges based on the Company’s actual historical loss ratios for each strata, and adjustments were also provided for certain environmental and other qualitative factors.

Subsequent to January 1, 2020, the Company uses a current expected credit loss model (“CECL”). This methodology also considers historical loss rates and other qualitative adjustments, as well as a new forward-looking component that considers reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected life of each loan. To develop the ACL-Loans estimate under the CECL
9

model, the Company segments the loan portfolio into loan pools based on loan type and similar credit risk elements; performs an individual evaluation of PCD loans; calculates the historical loss rates for the segmented loan pools; applies the loss rates over the calculated life of the pooled loans; adjusts for forecasted macro-level economic conditions; and determines qualitative adjustments based on factors and conditions unique to Nicolet's portfolio.

Recent Accounting Developments Adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying or adding certain disclosures. The updated guidance was effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the updated guidance effective January 1, 2020, with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements as the new ASU only revises disclosure requirements. See Note 9 for fair value disclosures.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments intended to improve the financial reporting by requiring earlier recognition of credit losses on loans and certain other financial assets. Topic 326 replaces the incurred loss impairment model (which recognizes losses when a probable threshold is met) with a requirement to recognize lifetime expected credit losses immediately when a financial asset is originated or purchased. The measurement of lifetime expected credit losses is based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The ASU was effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the new accounting standard on January 1, 2020, as required, and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $6 million to retained earnings. See Updates to Significant Accounting Policies above for changes to accounting policies and see Notes 5 and 6 for additional disclosures related to this new accounting pronouncement.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the 2019 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2020 presentation.

Note 2 – Acquisitions
Completed Acquisition:
Choice Bancorp, Inc. (“Choice”): On November 8, 2019, the Company consummated its merger with Choice, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated June 26, 2019, (the “Choice Merger Agreement”), whereby Choice (at 12% of Nicolet’s then pre-merger asset size) was merged with and into Nicolet, and Choice Bank, the wholly owned bank subsidiary of Choice, was merged with and into the Bank. The system integration was completed, and the two branches of Choice opened on November 12, 2019, as Nicolet National Bank branches, expanding its presence in the Oshkosh marketplace. The Company closed its legacy Oshkosh location concurrently with the consummation of the Choice merger.

The purpose of the merger was to continue Nicolet’s interest in strategic growth, consistent with its plan to improve profitability through efficiency, leverage the strengths of each bank across the combined customer base, and add shareholder value. With the merger, Nicolet became the leading community bank to serve the Oshkosh marketplace.
Pursuant to the Choice Merger Agreement, the final purchase price consisted of issuing 1,184,102 shares of the Company's common stock (given the final stock-for-stock exchange ratio of 0.497, and not exchanging the Choice shares owned by the Company immediately prior to the time of the merger), for common stock consideration of $79.8 million (based on $67.39 per share, the volume weighted average closing price of the Company's common stock over the preceding 30 trading day period) plus cash consideration of $1.7 million. Approximately $0.2 million in direct stock issuance costs for the merger were incurred and charged against additional paid-in capital.
Upon consummation, the Company added $457 million in assets, including $348 million in loans, $289 million in deposits, $1.7 million in core deposit intangible, and $45 million of goodwill. The Company accounted for the transaction under the acquisition method of accounting, and thus, the financial position and results of operations of Choice prior to the consummation date were not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The accounting required assets purchased and liabilities assumed to be recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.
Pending Acquisition:
Advantage Community Bancshares, Inc. (“Advantage”): On March 2, 2020, Nicolet entered into a definitive merger agreement with Advantage pursuant to which Advantage will merge with and into Nicolet. As of June 30, 2020, Nicolet has received all necessary regulatory approvals, as well as approval from Advantage shareholders. The merger is expected to close August 21, 2020, subject to the closing conditions. Advantage's four branches in Dorcester, Edgar, Mosinee, and Wausau will open as Nicolet branches on August 24, 2020. Due to the small size of the transaction, terms of the all-cash deal were not disclosed. At
10

June 30, 2020, Advantage had total assets of $160 million, loans of $89 million, deposits of $135 million, and equity of $21 million.

Terminated Acquisition:
Commerce Financial Holdings, Inc. (“Commerce”): On February 17, 2020, Nicolet entered into a definitive merger agreement (“Merger Agreement”) with Commerce Financial Holdings, Inc. (“Commerce”) pursuant to which Nicolet would acquire Commerce and its wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Commerce State Bank. On May 18, 2020, Nicolet and Commerce announced a mutual agreement to terminate their Merger Agreement. Nicolet paid Commerce $0.5 million and surrendered its $0.1 million of Commerce common stock.

Note 3 – Earnings per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock awards (outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock), if any. Presented below are the calculations for basic and diluted earnings per common share.
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per share data) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Net income attributable to Nicolet Bankshares, Inc. $ 13,478    $ 18,549    $ 24,033    $ 28,816   
Weighted average common shares outstanding 10,417    9,374    10,467    9,418   
Effect of dilutive common stock awards 103    318    192    293   
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 10,520    9,692    10,659    9,711   
Basic earnings per common share* $ 1.29    $ 1.98    $ 2.30    $ 3.06   
Diluted earnings per common share* $ 1.28    $ 1.91    $ 2.25    $ 2.97   
*Cumulative quarterly per share performance may not equal annual per share totals due to the effects of the amount and timing of capital increases. When computing earnings per share for an interim period, the denominator is based on the weighted average shares outstanding during the interim period, and not on an annualized weighted average basis. Accordingly, the sum of the earnings per share data for the quarters will not necessarily equal the year to date earnings per share data.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, options to purchase approximately 0.2 million and 0.1 million shares, respectively, are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share as the effect of their exercise would have been anti-dilutive. For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, options to purchase less than 0.1 million shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share as the effect of their exercise would have been anti-dilutive.

Note 4 – Stock-Based Compensation
The Company may grant stock options and restricted stock under its stock-based compensation plans to certain officers, employees and directors. These plans are administered by a committee of the Board of Directors, and at June 30, 2020, approximately 1.4 million shares were available for grant under these stock-based compensation plans.
A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock option grants, while the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant is used to estimate the fair value of restricted stock awards. The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model for valuing stock option grants were as follows.
Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019
Dividend yield —  % —  %
Expected volatility 25  % 25  %
Risk-free interest rate 1.67  % 2.37  %
Expected average life 7 years 7 years
Weighted average per share fair value of options $ 21.83    $ 19.23   
11

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity is summarized below.
Stock Options Option Shares
Outstanding 		Weighted
Average
Exercise Price 		Weighted Average
Remaining
Life (Years) 		Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding - December 31, 2019 1,443,733    $ 48.75   
Granted 39,500    71.89   
Exercise of stock options * (43,552)   23.07   
Forfeited —    —   
Outstanding - June 30, 2020 1,439,681    $ 50.16    7.1 $ 10,601   
Exercisable - June 30, 2020 726,931    $ 44.59    6.4 $ 7,527   
* The terms of the stock option agreements permit having a number of shares of stock withheld, the fair market value of which as of the date of exercise is sufficient to satisfy the exercise price and/or tax withholding requirements. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, 17,699 such shares were surrendered to the Company.
Intrinsic value represents the amount by which the fair market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock options. The intrinsic value of options exercised for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $1.9 million and $5.0 million, respectively.
A summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity is summarized below.
Restricted Stock Weighted Average Grant
Date Fair Value 		Restricted Shares
Outstanding
Outstanding - December 31, 2019 $ 44.94    22,521   
Granted 55.52    10,450   
Vested * 43.66    (13,615)  
Forfeited —    —   
Outstanding - June 30, 2020 $ 51.55    19,356   
* The terms of the restricted stock agreements permit the surrender of shares to the Company upon vesting in order to satisfy applicable tax withholding requirements at the minimum statutory withholding rate, and accordingly, 1,407 shares were surrendered during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
The Company recognized approximately $2.6 million and $2.2 million of stock-based compensation expense (included in personnel on the consolidated statements of income) for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, associated with its common stock awards granted to officers and employees. In addition, during first half 2020, the Company recognized approximately $0.4 million of director expense (included in other expense on the consolidated statements of income) for a total restricted stock grant of 7,950 shares with immediate vesting to directors, while during first half 2019, the Company recognized approximately $0.3 million of director expense for a total restricted stock grant of 4,257 shares with immediate vesting to directors, representing the annual stock retainer fee paid to external board members. As of June 30, 2020, there was approximately $11.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to equity award grants. The cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting period of approximately three years. The Company recognized a tax benefit of approximately $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for the tax impact of stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock.

Note 5 – Securities Available for Sale
Amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale are summarized as follows.
June 30, 2020
(in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains 		Gross
Unrealized
Losses 		Fair Value Fair Value as % of Total
U.S. government agency securities $ 63,512    $ 338    $ —    $ 63,850    12  %
State, county and municipals 162,239    4,261    2    166,498    33  %
Mortgage-backed securities 188,819    8,087    10    196,896    39  %
Corporate debt securities 78,036    5,529    —    83,565    16  %
Total
$ 492,606    $ 18,215    $ 12    $ 510,809    100  %
12

December 31, 2019
(in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross
Unrealized
Gains 		Gross
Unrealized
Losses 		Fair Value Fair Value as % of Total
U.S. government agency securities $ 16,516    $ 4    $ 60    $ 16,460    4  %
State, county and municipals 155,501    1,049    157    156,393    35  %
Mortgage-backed securities 193,223    2,492    697    195,018    43  %
Corporate debt securities 78,009    3,422    —    81,431    18  %
Total
$ 443,249    $ 6,967    $ 914    $ 449,302    100  %
All mortgage-backed securities included in the table above were issued by U.S. government agencies and corporations. Securities AFS with a fair value of $156 million and $166 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were pledged as collateral on public deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. Accrued interest on securities AFS totaled $2.1 million and $2.2 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents gross unrealized losses and the related estimated fair value of securities AFS for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
June 30, 2020
Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
($ in thousands) Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses 		Number of
Securities
State, county and municipals $ 882    $ 2    $ —    $ —    $ 882    $ 2    2   
Mortgage-backed securities 1,329    1    762    9    2,091    10    23   
Total
$ 2,211    $ 3    $ 762    $ 9    $ 2,973    $ 12    25   
December 31, 2019
Less than 12 months 12 months or more Total
($ in thousands) Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses 		Fair
Value 		Unrealized
Losses 		Number of
Securities
U.S. government agency securities $ 1,035    $ 2    $ 11,091    $ 58    $ 12,126    $ 60    6   
State, county and municipals 22,451    132    7,605    25    30,056    157    56   
Mortgage-backed securities 49,626    245    47,271    452    96,897    697    150   
Total
$ 73,112    $ 379    $ 65,967    $ 535    $ 139,079    $ 914    212   
The Company evaluates securities AFS in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. In making this evaluation, management considers the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
As of June 30, 2020, no allowance for credit losses on securities AFS was recognized. The Company does not consider its securities AFS with unrealized losses to be attributable to credit-related factors, as the unrealized losses in each category have occurred as a result of changes in noncredit-related factors such as changes in interest rates, market spreads and market conditions subsequent to purchase, not credit deterioration. Furthermore, the Company does not have the intent to sell any of these securities AFS and believes that it is more likely than not that we will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. During 2019, there were no other-than-temporary impairments charged to earnings.
13

The amortized cost and fair value of securities AFS by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties; as this is particularly inherent in mortgage-backed securities, these securities are not included in the maturity categories below.
June 30, 2020
(in thousands) Amortized Cost Fair Value
Due in less than one year $ 28,148    $ 28,294   
Due in one year through five years 217,289    224,722   
Due after five years through ten years 42,898    44,561   
Due after ten years 15,452    16,336   
303,787    313,913   
Mortgage-backed securities 188,819    196,896   
Securities AFS $ 492,606    $ 510,809   
Proceeds and realized gains / losses from the sale of securities AFS were as follows.
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019
Gross gains $ 164    $ 152   
Gross losses —    (120)  
Gains (losses) on sales of securities AFS, net
$ 164    $ 32   
Proceeds from sales of securities AFS $ 9,232    $ 13,240   

Note 6 – Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans, and Credit Quality
The loan composition is summarized as follows.
June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
(in thousands) Amount % of
Total 		Amount % of
Total
Commercial & industrial $ 729,264    26  % $ 806,189    31  %
Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans 329,157    12    —    —   
Owner-occupied commercial real estate (“CRE”) 495,722    17    496,372    19   
Agricultural 99,020    3    95,450    4   
CRE investment 447,900    16    443,218    17   
Construction & land development 107,277    4    92,970    4   
Residential construction 51,332    2    54,403    2   
Residential first mortgage 417,694    15    432,167    17   
Residential junior mortgage 114,323    4    122,771    5   
Retail & other 29,812    1    30,211    1   
Loans
2,821,501    100  % 2,573,751    100  %
Less allowance for credit losses - Loans (“ACL-Loans”) 29,130    13,972   
Loans, net
$ 2,792,371    $ 2,559,779   
Allowance for credit losses - Loans to loans 1.03  % 0.54  %
Accrued interest on loans totaled $9 million and $7 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 1 for for the Company's accounting policy on accrued interest with respect to loans and the allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for Credit Losses-Loans:
The majority of the Company’s loans, commitments, and letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Company’s market area. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, the credit risk in the loan portfolio is largely influenced by general economic conditions and trends of the counties and markets in which the debtors operate, and the resulting impact on the operations of borrowers or on the value of underlying collateral, if any.
14

A roll forward of the allowance for credit losses is summarized as follows.
Six Months Ended Year Ended
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2019
Beginning balance $ 13,972    $ 13,153    $ 13,153   
Adoption of CECL 8,488    —    —   
Initial PCD ACL 797    —    —   
Total impact for adoption of CECL 9,285    —    —   
Provision for credit losses 6,000    500    1,200   
Charge-offs (216)   (232)   (927)  
Recoveries 89    150    546   
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
(127)   (82)   (381)  
Ending balance $ 29,130    $ 13,571    $ 13,972   
The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL-Loans by portfolio segment.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
(in thousands) Commercial
& industrial 		Owner-
occupied
CRE 		Agricultural CRE
investment 		Construction & land
development 		Residential
construction 		Residential
first mortgage 		Residential
junior
mortgage 		Retail
& other 		Total
ACL-Loans *
Beginning balance $ 5,471    $ 3,010    $ 579    $ 1,600    $ 414    $ 368    $ 1,669    $ 517    $ 344    $ 13,972   
Adoption of CECL 2,962    1,249    361    1,970    51    124    1,286    351    134    8,488   
Initial PCD ACL 797    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    797   
Provision 1,010    919    399    1,542    325    21    1,348    294    142    6,000   
Charge-offs (97)   —    —    (20)   —    —    —    —    (99)   (216)  
Recoveries 60    —    —    —    —    —    4    15    10    89   
Net (charge-offs) recoveries (37)   —    —    (20)   —    —    4    15    (89)   (127)  
Ending balance $ 10,203    $ 5,178    $ 1,339    $ 5,092    $ 790    $ 513    $ 4,307    $ 1,177    $ 531    $ 29,130   
As % of ACL-Loans 35  % 18  % 4  % 17  % 3  % 2  % 15  % 4  % 2  % 100  %
*The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA; thus, no ACL-Loans has been allocated to these loans.

For comparison purposes, the following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL-Loans by portfolio segment for the prior year-end period.
Year Ended December 31, 2019
(in thousands) Commercial
& industrial 		Owner-
occupied
CRE 		Agricultural CRE
investment 		Construction
& land
development 		Residential
construction 		Residential
first
mortgage 		Residential
junior
mortgage 		Retail &
other 		 
Total
ACL-Loans
Beginning balance $ 5,271    $ 2,847    $ 422    $ 1,470    $ 510    $ 211    $ 1,646    $ 472    $ 304    $ 13,153   
Provision (61)   254    157    130    (96)   383    9    86    338    1,200   
Charge-offs (159)   (93)   —    —    —    (226)   (22)   (80)   (347)   (927)  
Recoveries 420    2    —    —    —    —    36    39    49    546   
Net (charge-offs) recoveries 261    (91)   —    —    —    (226)   14    (41)   (298)   (381)  
Ending balance $ 5,471    $ 3,010    $ 579    $ 1,600    $ 414    $ 368    $ 1,669    $ 517    $ 344    $ 13,972   
As % of ACL-Loans 39  % 22  % 4  % 11  % 3  % 3  % 12  % 4  % 2  % 100  %
The ACL-Loans at June 30, 2020 was estimated using the current expected credit loss model. See Note 1 for the Company's accounting policy on loans and the allowance for credit losses.
The ACL-Loans represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. To assess the appropriateness of the ACL-Loans, an allocation methodology is applied by Nicolet which focuses on evaluation of qualitative and environmental factors, including but not limited to: (i) evaluation of facts and issues related to specific loans; (ii) management’s ongoing review and grading of the loan portfolio; (iii) consideration of historical loan loss and delinquency experience on each portfolio segment; (iv) trends in past due and nonperforming loans; (v) the risk characteristics of the various loan segments; (vi) changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio; (vii) concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries; (viii) existing economic conditions; (ix) the fair value of underlying collateral; and (x) other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect expected credit losses. Assessing these numerous factors involves significant judgment.
15

Management allocates the ACL-Loans by pools of risk within each loan portfolio segment. The allocation methodology consists of the following components. First, a specific reserve is established for individually evaluated credit-deteriorated loans, which management defines as nonaccrual credit relationships over $250,000, all loans determined to be troubled debt restructurings (“restructured loans”), plus other loans with evidence of credit deterioration. The specific reserve in the ACL-Loans for these credit deteriorated loans is equal to the aggregate collateral or discounted cash flow shortfall. Second, management allocates the ACL-Loans with historical loss rates by loan segment. The loss factors are measured on a quarterly basis and applied to each loan segment based on current loan balances and projected for their expected remaining life. Next, management allocates the ACL-Loans using the qualitative factors mentioned above. Consideration is given to those current qualitative or environmental factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses as of the evaluation date to differ from the historical loss experience of each loan segment. Lastly, management considers reasonable and supportable forecasts to assess the collectability of future cash flows.
A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. For collateral dependent loans, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the balance sheet date, with consideration for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The following table presents collateral dependent loans by portfolio segment and collateral type, including those loans with and without a related allowance allocation as of June 30, 2020.
June 30, 2020 Collateral Type
(in thousands) Real Estate Other Business Assets Total Without an Allowance With an Allowance Allowance Allocation
Commercial & industrial $ —    $ 3,688    $ 3,688    $ —    $ 3,688    $ 1,231   
PPP loans —    —    —    —    —    —   
Owner-occupied CRE 2,524    —    2,524    339    2,185    148   
Agricultural 600    835    1,435    1,435    —    —   
CRE investment 975    —    975    975    —    —   
Construction & land development 533    —    533    533    —    —   
Residential construction —    —    —    —    —    —   
Residential first mortgage —    —    —    —    —    —   
Residential junior mortgage —    —    —    —    —    —   
Retail & other —    —    —    —    —    —   
Total loans $ 4,632    $ 4,523    $ 9,155    $ 3,282    $ 5,873    $ 1,379   

The following table presents impaired loans and their respective allowance for credit loss allocations at December 31, 2019, as determined in accordance with historical accounting guidance.
Total Impaired Loans – December 31, 2019
(in thousands) Recorded
Investment 		Unpaid Principal
Balance 		Related
Allowance 		Average Recorded
Investment 		Interest Income
Recognized
Commercial & industrial $ 5,932    $ 7,950    $ 625    $ 5,405    $ 1,170   
Owner-occupied CRE 3,430    4,016    —    3,677    256   
Agricultural 2,134    2,172    116    2,311    37   
CRE investment 2,426    2,790    —    2,497    364   
Construction & land development 382    382    —    460    —   
Residential construction —    —    —    —    —   
Residential first mortgage 2,357    2,629    —    2,412    178   
Residential junior mortgage 218    349    —    224    58   
Retail & other 12    12    —    12    —   
Total
$ 16,891    $ 20,300    $ 741    $ 16,998    $ 2,063   
16


Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans:
The following tables present past due loans by portfolio segment.
June 30, 2020
(in thousands) 30-89 Days Past
Due (accruing) 		90 Days & Over or nonaccrual Current Total
Commercial & industrial $ 162    $ 4,142    $ 724,960    $ 729,264   
PPP loans —    —    329,157    329,157   
Owner-occupied CRE 71    3,005    492,646    495,722   
Agricultural 35    1,711    97,274    99,020   
CRE investment —    975    446,925    447,900   
Construction & land development 196    533    106,548    107,277   
Residential construction 549    —    50,783    51,332   
Residential first mortgage 354    1,067    416,273    417,694   
Residential junior mortgage —    565    113,758    114,323   
Retail & other 85    —    29,727    29,812   
Total loans $ 1,452    $ 11,998    $ 2,808,051    $ 2,821,501   
Percent of total loans 0.1  % 0.4  % 99.5  % 100.0  %
December 31, 2019
(in thousands) 30-89 Days Past
Due (accruing) 		90 Days & Over or nonaccrual Current Total
Commercial & industrial $ 1,729    $ 6,249    $ 798,211    $ 806,189   
Owner-occupied CRE 112    3,311    492,949    496,372   
Agricultural —    1,898    93,552    95,450   
CRE investment —    1,073    442,145    443,218   
Construction & land development 2,063    20    90,887    92,970   
Residential construction 302    —    54,101    54,403   
Residential first mortgage 2,736    1,090    428,341    432,167   
Residential junior mortgage 217    480    122,074    122,771   
Retail & other 110    1    30,100    30,211   
Total loans $ 7,269    $ 14,122    $ 2,552,360    $ 2,573,751   
Percent of total loans 0.3  % 0.5  % 99.2  % 100.0  %
The following table presents nonaccrual loans by portfolio segment. The nonaccrual loans without a related allowance for credit losses have been reflected in the collateral dependent loans table above.
June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
(in thousands) Nonaccrual Loans % of Total Nonaccrual Loans % of Total
Commercial & industrial $ 4,142    35  % $ 6,249    44  %
PPP loans —    —    —    —   
Owner-occupied CRE 3,005    25    3,311    23   
Agricultural 1,711    14    1,898    14   
CRE investment 975    8    1,073    8   
Construction & land development 533    4    20    —   
Residential construction —    —    —    —   
Residential first mortgage 1,067    9    1,090    8   
Residential junior mortgage 565    5    480    3   
Retail & other —    —    1    —   
Nonaccrual loans
$ 11,998    100  % $ 14,122    100  %
Percent of total loans 0.4  % 0.5  %

17

Credit Quality Information:
The following table presents total loans by risk categories and year of origination.
June 30, 2020 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Revolving to Term TOTAL
Commercial & industrial (a)
Grades 1-4 $ 397,577    $ 150,186    $ 109,524    $ 68,689    $ 28,748    $ 58,379    $ 183,671    $ —    $ 996,774   
Grade 5 229    5,398    7,778    625    1,524    2,777    16,707    —    35,038   
Grade 6 51    23    796    5,698    1    35    4,136    —    10,740   
Grade 7 1,732    1,215    1,112    1,382    545    6,057    3,826    —    15,869   
Total $ 399,589    $ 156,822    $ 119,210    $ 76,394    $ 30,818    $ 67,248    $ 208,340    $ —    $ 1,058,421   
Owner-occupied CRE
Grades 1-4 $ 36,065    $ 67,425    $ 82,360    $ 62,980    $ 49,060    $ 164,982    $ 1,499    $ —    $ 464,371   
Grade 5 —    574    1,646    6,572    379    7,086    488    —    16,745   
Grade 6 —    —    —    1,736    —    734    —    —    2,470   
Grade 7 —    337    281    2,189    1,776    7,553    —    —    12,136   
Total $ 36,065    $ 68,336    $ 84,287    $ 73,477    $ 51,215    $ 180,355    $ 1,987    $ —    $ 495,722   
Agricultural
Grades 1-4 $ 8,766    $ 5,484    $ 7,266    $ 9,697    $ 2,240    $ 29,722    $ 20,775    $ —    $ 83,950   
Grade 5 20    375    36    573    689    4,772    633    —    7,098   
Grade 6 —    —    —    328    392    —    —    —    720   
Grade 7 —    —    34    115    1,200    5,824    79    —    7,252   
Total $ 8,786    $ 5,859    $ 7,336    $ 10,713    $ 4,521    $ 40,318    $ 21,487    $ —    $ 99,020   
CRE investment
Grades 1-4 $ 42,819    $ 76,688    $ 41,581    $ 69,179    $ 39,866    $ 158,663    $ 6,303    $ —    $ 435,099   
Grade 5 —    —    106    1,307    388    6,396    45    —    8,242   
Grade 6 —    104    —    913    654    —    —    —    1,671   
Grade 7 —    —    —    —    144    2,744    —    —    2,888   
Total $ 42,819    $ 76,792    $ 41,687    $ 71,399    $ 41,052    $ 167,803    $ 6,348    $ —    $ 447,900   
Construction & land development
Grades 1-4 $ 25,720    $ 40,447    $ 19,330    $ 3,442    $ 2,261    $ 9,282    $ 1,799    $ —    $ 102,281   
Grade 5 —    219    2,699    45    —    26    —    —    2,989   
Grade 6 —    1,100    —    —    —    —    —    —    1,100   
Grade 7 —    —    —    —    —    907    —    —    907   
Total $ 25,720    $ 41,766    $ 22,029    $ 3,487    $ 2,261    $ 10,215    $ 1,799    $ —    $ 107,277   
Residential construction
Grades 1-4 $ 14,455    $ 34,545    $ 1,459    $ 351    $ 19    $ 133    $ —    $ —    $ 50,962   
Grade 5 —    314    —    56    —    —    —    —    370   
Grade 6 —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —   
Grade 7 —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —   
Total $ 14,455    $ 34,859    $ 1,459    $ 407    $ 19    $ 133    $ —    $ —    $ 51,332   
Residential first mortgage
Grades 1-4 $ 54,206    $ 71,663    $ 49,497    $ 53,126    $ 52,588    $ 128,667    $ 919    $ —    $ 410,666   
Grade 5 —    825    1,331    258    760    1,689    —    —    4,863   
Grade 6 —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —   
Grade 7 —    656    197    19    65    1,228    —    —    2,165   
Total $ 54,206    $ 73,144    $ 51,025    $ 53,403    $ 53,413    $ 131,584    $ 919    $ —    $ 417,694   
Residential junior mortgage
Grades 1-4 $ 2,470    $ 5,261    $ 4,799    $ 1,642    $ 1,753    $ 3,203    $ 92,924    $ 1,669    $ 113,721   
Grade 5 —    —    —    —    —    33    —    —    33   
Grade 6 —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —   
Grade 7 —    —    —    28    —    339    202    —    569   
Total $ 2,470    $ 5,261    $ 4,799    $ 1,670    $ 1,753    $ 3,575    $ 93,126    $ 1,669    $ 114,323   
Retail & other
Grades 1-4 $ 5,090    $ 6,205    $ 2,403    $ 1,869    $ 941    $ 1,522    $ 11,782    $ —    $ 29,812   
Grade 5 —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —   
Grade 6 —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —   
Grade 7 —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —   
Total $ 5,090    $ 6,205    $ 2,403    $ 1,869    $ 941    $ 1,522    $ 11,782    $ —    $ 29,812   
Total loans $ 589,200    $ 469,044    $ 334,235    $ 292,819    $ 185,993    $ 602,753    $ 345,788    $ 1,669    $ 2,821,501   
(a) For purposes of this table, the $329 million net carrying value of PPP loans were originated in 2020, have a Pass risk grade (Grades 1-4) and have been included with the Commercial & industrial loan category.


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The following tables present total loans by risk categories.
June 30, 2020
(in thousands) Grades 1- 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Total
Commercial & industrial $ 667,617    $ 35,038    $ 10,740    $ 15,869    $ 729,264   
PPP loans 329,157    —    —    —    329,157   
Owner-occupied CRE 464,371    16,745    2,470    12,136    495,722   
Agricultural 83,950    7,098    720    7,252    99,020   
CRE investment 435,099    8,242    1,671    2,888    447,900   
Construction & land development 102,281    2,989    1,100    907    107,277   
Residential construction 50,962    370    —    —    51,332   
Residential first mortgage 410,666    4,863    —    2,165    417,694   
Residential junior mortgage 113,721    33    —    569    114,323   
Retail & other 29,812    —    —    —    29,812   
Total loans $ 2,687,636    $ 75,378    $ 16,701    $ 41,786    $ 2,821,501   
Percent of total 95.2  % 2.7  % 0.6  % 1.5  % 100.0  %
December 31, 2019
(in thousands) Grades 1- 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Total
Commercial & industrial $ 765,073    $ 20,199    $ 7,663    $ 13,254    $ 806,189   
Owner-occupied CRE 464,661    20,855    953    9,903    496,372   
Agricultural 77,082    6,785    3,275    8,308    95,450   
CRE investment 430,794    8,085    2,578    1,761    443,218   
Construction & land development 90,523    2,213    15    219    92,970   
Residential construction 53,286    1,117    —    —    54,403   
Residential first mortgage 424,044    4,677    668    2,778    432,167   
Residential junior mortgage 122,249    35    —    487    122,771   
Retail & other 30,210    —    —    1    30,211   
Total loans $ 2,457,922    $ 63,966    $ 15,152    $ 36,711    $ 2,573,751   
Percent of total 95.5  % 2.5  % 0.6  % 1.4  % 100.0  %
An internal loan review function rates loans using a grading system based on different risk categories. Loans with a Substandard grade are considered to have a greater risk of loss and may be assigned allocations for loss based on specific review of the weaknesses observed in the individual credits. Such loans are constantly monitored by the loan review function to ensure early identification of any deterioration. A description of the loan risk categories used by the Company follows.
Grades 1-4, Pass: Credits exhibit adequate cash flows, appropriate management and financial ratios within industry norms and/or are supported by sufficient collateral. Some credits in these rating categories may require a need for monitoring but elements of concern are not severe enough to warrant an elevated rating.
Grade 5, Watch: Credits with this rating are adequately secured and performing but are being monitored due to the presence of various short-term weaknesses which may include unexpected, short-term adverse financial performance, managerial problems, potential impact of a decline in the entire industry or local economy and delinquency issues. Loans to individuals or loans supported by guarantors with marginal net worth or collateral may be included in this rating category.
Grade 6, Special Mention: Credits with this rating have potential weaknesses that, without the Company’s attention and correction may result in deterioration of repayment prospects. These assets are considered Criticized Assets. Potential weaknesses may include adverse financial trends for the borrower or industry, repeated lack of compliance with Company requests, increasing debt to net worth, serious management conditions and decreasing cash flow.
Grade 7, Substandard: Assets with this rating are characterized by the distinct possibility the Company will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. All foreclosures, liquidations, and nonaccrual loans are considered to be categorized in this rating, regardless of collateral sufficiency.
Troubled Debt Restructurings: At June 30, 2020, there were five loans classified as troubled debt restructurings with a current outstanding balance of $1.1 million and pre-modification balance of $1.7 million. In comparison, at December 31, 2019, there were five loans classified as troubled debt restructurings with an outstanding balance of $1.1 million and pre-modification balance of $1.4 million. There were no loans classified as troubled debt restructurings during the previous twelve months that
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subsequently defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2020. As of June 30, 2020, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings.

Note 7 – Goodwill and Other Intangibles and Mortgage Servicing Rights
Management periodically reviews the carrying value of its intangible assets to determine if any impairment has occurred, in which case an impairment charge would be recorded as an expense in the period of impairment, or whether changes in circumstances have occurred that would require a revision to the remaining useful life which would impact expense prospectively. In making such determination, management evaluates whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist, as well as the performance, on an undiscounted basis, of the underlying operations or assets which give rise to the intangible. In the first half of 2020, management considered the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the valuation of our franchise value, stability of deposits, and of the wealth client base, underlying our goodwill, core deposit intangible, and customer list intangibles, and determined no impairments were indicated. However, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in March 2020, continue to evolve. The Company’s assessment in 2019 resulted in an $0.8 million full impairment charge on non-bank goodwill related to a change in business strategy. A summary of goodwill and other intangibles was as follows.
Six Months Ended Year Ended
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Goodwill $ 151,198    $ 151,198   
Core deposit intangibles 9,278    10,897   
Customer list intangibles 3,618    3,872   
    Other intangibles 12,896    14,769   
Goodwill and other intangibles, net $ 164,094    $ 165,967   
Goodwill: A summary of goodwill was as follows. During 2019, goodwill increased due to the Choice acquisition. See Note 2 for additional information on the Company's acquisitions.
Six Months Ended Year Ended
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Goodwill:
Goodwill at beginning of year $ 151,198    $ 107,366   
Acquisition —    44,594   
Impairment —    (762)  
Goodwill at end of period $ 151,198    $ 151,198   
Other intangible assets: Other intangible assets, consisting of core deposit intangibles and customer list intangibles, are amortized over their estimated finite lives. During 2019, core deposit intangibles increased due to the Choice acquisition. See Note 2 for additional information on the Company's acquisitions.
Six Months Ended Year Ended
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Core deposit intangibles:
Gross carrying amount $ 30,715    $ 30,715   
Accumulated amortization (21,437)   (19,818)  
Net book value $ 9,278    $ 10,897   
Additions during the period $ —    $ 1,700   
Amortization during the period $ 1,619    $ 3,365   
Customer list intangibles:
Gross carrying amount $ 5,523    $ 5,523   
Accumulated amortization (1,905)   (1,651)  
Net book value $ 3,618    $ 3,872   
Additions during the period $ —    $ —   
Amortization during the period $ 254    $ 507   
Mortgage servicing rights: Mortgage servicing rights are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income, and assessed for impairment at each reporting date, with the amortization recorded in mortgage income, net, in the consolidated statements of income. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of the initial capitalized amount, net
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of accumulated amortization, or estimated fair value, and are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. A summary of the changes in the mortgage servicing rights asset was as follows.
Six Months Ended Year Ended
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") asset:
MSR asset at beginning of year $ 5,919    $ 3,749   
Capitalized MSR 2,250    2,876   
MSR asset acquired —    160   
Amortization during the period (604)   (866)  
MSR asset at end of period $ 7,565    $ 5,919   
Valuation allowance at beginning of year $ —    $ —   
Additions (400)   —   
Valuation allowance at end of period $ (400)   $ —   
MSR asset, net $ 7,165    $ 5,919   
Fair value of MSR asset at end of period $ 8,979    $ 8,420   
Residential mortgage loans serviced for others $ 1,010,118    $ 847,756   
Net book value of MSR asset to loans serviced for others 0.71  % 0.70  %
The Company periodically evaluates its mortgage servicing rights asset for impairment. At each reporting date, impairment is assessed based on estimated fair value using estimated prepayment speeds of the underlying mortgage loans serviced and stratifications based on the risk characteristics of the underlying loans (predominantly loan type and note interest rate). A valuation allowance of $0.4 million was recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2020, while no valuation allowance was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2019. See Note 9 for additional information on the fair value of the MSR asset.
The following table shows the estimated future amortization expense for amortizing intangible assets and the MSR asset. The projections are based on existing asset balances, the current interest rate environment and prepayment speeds as of June 30, 2020. The actual amortization expense the Company recognizes in any given period may be significantly different depending upon acquisition or sale activities, changes in interest rates, prepayment speeds, market conditions, regulatory requirements and events or circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
(in thousands) Core deposit
intangibles 		Customer list
intangibles 		MSR asset
Year ending December 31,
2020 (remaining six months)
$ 1,374    $ 253    $ 653   
2021 2,453    507    1,139   
2022 1,987    507    1,131   
2023 1,490    483    1,365   
2024 1,010    449    658   
2025 573    449    658   
Thereafter 391    970    1,961   
Total $ 9,278    $ 3,618    $ 7,565   

Note 8 – Short and Long-Term Borrowings
Short-Term Borrowings:
Short-term borrowings include any borrowing with an original maturity of one year or less. At both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any outstanding short-term borrowings.
Long-Term Borrowings:
The components of long-term borrowings (borrowing with an original maturity greater than one year) were as follows.
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
PPP Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”)
$ 335,981    $ —   
FHLB advances 39,030    25,061   
Junior subordinated debentures 30,815    30,575   
Subordinated notes 12,000    11,993   
Total long-term borrowings
$ 417,826    $ 67,629   
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PPPLF: To support the effectiveness of the PPP loans, the Federal Reserve introduced the PPPLF to extend credit to financial institutions that made PPP loans, with the related PPP loans used as collateral on the borrowings. The PPPLF borrowings have a fixed interest rate of 0.35% and a maturity date equal to the maturity date of the related PPP loans, with the PPP loans maturing either two or five years from the origination date of the PPP loan. At June 30, 2020, the Company's PPP loans and related PPPLF funding had a weighted average life of approximately two years.
FHLB Advances: The FHLB advances bear fixed rates, require interest-only monthly payments, and have maturity dates through 2027. The weighted average rate of the FHLB advances was 0.93% at June 30, 2020 and 1.57% at December 31, 2019.
Junior Subordinated Debentures: The following table shows the breakdown of junior subordinated debentures. Interest on all debentures is current. Any applicable discounts (initially recorded to carry an acquired debenture at its then estimated fair value) are being accreted to interest expense over the remaining life of the debentures. All the debentures below are currently callable and may be redeemed in part or in full at par plus any accrued but unpaid interest. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $29.7 million and $29.4 million, respectively, qualify as Tier 1 capital.
Junior Subordinated Debentures
June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
(in thousands) Maturity
Date 		Par Unamortized
Discount 		Carrying
Value 		Carrying
Value
2004 Nicolet Bankshares Statutory Trust (1)
7/15/2034 $ 6,186    $ —    $ 6,186    $ 6,186   
2005 Mid-Wisconsin Financial Services, Inc. (2)
12/15/2035 10,310    (3,072)   7,238    7,138   
2006 Baylake Corp. (3)
9/30/2036 16,598    (3,765)   12,833    12,715   
2004 First Menasha Bancshares, Inc. (4)
3/17/2034 5,155    (597)   4,558    4,536   
Total   $ 38,249    $ (7,434)   $ 30,815    $ 30,575   
(1)The interest rate is 8.00% fixed.
(2)The debentures, assumed in April 2013 as the result of an acquisition, have a floating rate of the three-month LIBOR plus 1.43%, adjusted quarterly. The interest rates were 1.74% and 3.32% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(3)The debentures, assumed in April 2016 as a result of an acquisition, have a floating rate of the three-month LIBOR plus 1.35%, adjusted quarterly. The interest rates were 1.66% and 3.31% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(4)The debentures, assumed in April 2017 as the result of an acquisition, have a floating rate of the three-month LIBOR plus 2.79%, adjusted quarterly. The interest rates were 3.09% and 4.69% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Subordinated Notes: In first half 2015, the Company placed an aggregate of $12 million in subordinated Notes in private placements with certain accredited investors. All Notes were issued with 10-year maturities, have a fixed annual interest rate of 5% payable quarterly, and are callable on or after the fifth anniversary of their respective issuances dates. The subordinated Notes qualify for Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes, and are discounted in accordance with regulations when the debt has five years or less remaining to maturity.

Note 9 – Fair Value Measurements
Fair value represents the estimated price at which an orderly transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price concept), and is a market-based measurement versus an entity-specific measurement.
The Company records and/or discloses financial instruments on a fair value basis. These financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:
•Level 1 – quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that a company has the ability to access at the measurement date
•Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly
•Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity
In instances where the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels, the level within which the entire fair value measurement will be categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. This assessment of the significance of an input requires management judgment.
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Recurring basis fair value measurements:
The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented.
(in thousands) Fair Value Measurements Using
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis: Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
June 30, 2020
U.S. government agency securities $ 63,850    $ —    $ 63,850    $ —   
State, county and municipals 166,498    —    166,498    —   
Mortgage-backed securities 196,896    —    196,896    —   
Corporate debt securities 83,565    —    80,435    3,130   
Securities AFS
$ 510,809    $ —    $ 507,679    $ 3,130   
Other investments (equity securities) $ 3,213    $ 3,213    $ —    $ —   
December 31, 2019
U.S. government agency securities $ 16,460    $ —    $ 16,460    $ —   
State, county and municipals 156,393    —    156,393    —   
Mortgage-backed securities 195,018    —    195,018    —   
Corporate debt securities 81,431    —    78,301    3,130   
Securities AFS
$ 449,302    $ —    $ 446,172    $ 3,130   
Other investments (equity securities) $ 3,375    $ 3,375    $ —    $ —   
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used by the Company for the securities AFS and equity securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, noted in the tables above. Where quoted market prices on securities exchanges are available, the investments are classified as Level 1. Level 1 investments primarily include exchange-traded equity securities. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is generally determined using prices obtained from independent pricing vendors who use pricing models (with typical inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades for similar securities, issuer spreads or relationship to other benchmark quoted securities), or discounted cash flows, and are classified as Level 2. Examples of these investments include U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of state, county and municipals, and certain corporate debt securities. Finally, in certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the estimated fair value, investments are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Examples of these include private municipal bonds and corporate debt securities, which include trust preferred security investments. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, it was determined that carrying value was the best approximation of fair value for these Level 3 securities, based primarily on the internal analysis on these securities.
The following table presents the changes in the Level 3 securities AFS measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
(in thousands) Six Months Ended Year Ended
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements: June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Balance at beginning of year $ 3,130    $ 8,490   
Acquired balance —    300   
Paydowns/Sales/Settlements —    (5,660)  
Balance at end of period $ 3,130    $ 3,130   
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Nonrecurring basis fair value measurements:
The following table presents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, aggregated by level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.
(in thousands) Fair Value Measurements Using
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis: Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
June 30, 2020
Collateral dependent loans $ 7,776    $ —    $ —    $ 7,776   
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) 1,000    —    —    1,000   
MSR asset 8,979    —    —    8,979   
December 31, 2019
Impaired loans $ 16,150    $ —    $ —    $ 16,150   
OREO 1,000    —    —    1,000   
MSR asset 8,420    —    —    8,420   
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used by the Company for the items noted in the table above. For individually evaluated impaired loans, the amount of impairment is based upon the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, or the estimated liquidity of the note. For OREO, the fair value is based upon the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for the expected costs to sell. To estimate the fair value of the MSR asset, the underlying serviced loan pools are stratified by interest rate tranche and term of the loan, and a valuation model is used to calculate the present value of the expected future cash flows for each stratum. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as costs to service, a discount rate, ancillary income, default rates and losses, and prepayment speeds. Although some of these assumptions are based on observable market data, other assumptions are based on unobservable estimates of what market participants would use to measure fair value.
Financial instruments:
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are shown below.
June 30, 2020
(in thousands) Carrying
Amount 		Estimated
Fair Value 		Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 822,684    $ 822,684    $ 822,684    $ —    $ —   
Certificates of deposit in other banks 17,809    17,825    —    17,825    —   
Securities AFS 510,809    510,809    —    507,679    3,130   
Other investments, including equity securities 26,375    26,375    3,213    19,299    3,863   
Loans held for sale 21,832    22,377    —    22,377    —   
Loans, net 2,792,371    2,878,986    —    —    2,878,986   
BOLI 78,953    78,953    78,953    —    —   
MSR asset 7,165    8,979    —    —    8,979   
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 3,537,805    $ 3,545,764    $ —    $ —    $ 3,545,764   
Short-term borrowings —    —    —    —    —   
Long-term borrowings 417,826    417,905    —    375,707    42,198   
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December 31, 2019
(in thousands) Carrying
Amount 		Estimated
Fair Value 		Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 182,059    $ 182,059    $ 182,059    $ —    $ —   
Certificates of deposit in other banks 19,305    19,310    —    19,310    —   
Securities AFS 449,302    449,302    —    446,172    3,130   
Other investments, including equity securities 24,072    24,072    3,375    16,759    3,938   
Loans held for sale 2,706    2,753    —    2,753    —   
Loans, net 2,559,779    2,593,110    —    —    2,593,110   
BOLI 78,140    78,140    78,140    —    —   
MSR asset 5,919    8,420    —    —    8,420   
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 2,954,453    $ 2,956,229    $ —    $ —    $ 2,956,229   
Long-term borrowings 67,629    66,816    —    25,075    41,741   
The carrying value of certain assets and liabilities such as cash and cash equivalents, BOLI, nonmaturing deposits, and short-term borrowings, approximate their estimated fair value. For those financial instruments not previously disclosed, the following is a description of the valuation methodologies used.
Certificates of deposits in other banks: Fair values are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on current interest rates being offered by instruments with similar terms and represents a Level 2 measurement.
Other investments: The valuation methodologies utilized for exchange-traded equity securities are discussed under “Recurring basis fair value measurements” above. The carrying amount of Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock is a reasonably accepted fair value estimate given their restricted nature. Fair value is the redeemable (carrying) value based on the redemption provisions of the instruments which is considered a Level 2 measurement. The carrying amount of the remaining other investments (particularly common stocks of companies or other banks that are not publicly traded) approximates their fair value, determined primarily by analysis of company financial statements and recent capital issuances of the respective companies or banks, if any, and represents a Level 3 measurement.
Loans held for sale: The fair value estimation process for the loans held for sale portfolio is segregated by loan type. The estimated fair value was based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics and represents a Level 2 measurement.
Loans, net: For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk or other optionality, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for all other loans are estimated by discounting contractual cash flows using estimated market discount rates, which reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. Collateral-dependent impaired loans are included in loans, net. The fair value of loans is considered to be a Level 3 measurement due to internally developed discounted cash flow measurements.
Deposits: The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity (such as demand deposits, savings, interest and noninterest checking, and money market accounts) is, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market place on certificates of similar remaining maturities. Use of internal discounted cash flows provides a Level 3 fair value measurement.
Long-term borrowings: The fair value of the FHLB advances is obtained from the FHLB which uses a discounted cash flow analysis based on current market rates of similar maturity debt securities and represents a Level 2 measurement. The PPPLF funding has a fixed rate of 0.35% for all participants; thus, carrying value approximates the estimated fair value and represents a Level 2 measurement. The fair values of the junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes utilize a discounted cash flow analysis based on an estimate of current interest rates being offered by instruments with similar terms and credit quality. Since the market for these instruments is limited, the internal evaluation represents a Level 3 measurement.
Lending-related commitments and derivative financial instruments: At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the estimated fair value of letters of credit, interest rate lock commitments on residential mortgage loans, outstanding mandatory commitments to sell residential mortgage loans into the secondary market, and mirror interest rate swap agreements were not significant.
Limitations: Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Fair value estimates may not be realizable in an immediate settlement of the instrument. In some instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various
25

financial instruments, in which case fair values may be based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques, or based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of the financial instruments, or other factors. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimate of future cash flows. Subsequent changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Nicolet Bankshares, Inc. (the “Company” or “Nicolet”) is a bank holding company headquartered in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Nicolet provides a diversified range of traditional banking and wealth management services to individuals and businesses in its market area and through the branch offices of its banking subsidiary, Nicolet National Bank (the “Bank”), in northeastern and central Wisconsin and in Menominee, Michigan.
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements made in this document and in any documents that are incorporated by reference which are not purely historical are forward-looking statements, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including any statements regarding descriptions of management’s plans, objectives, or goals for future operations, products or services, and forecasts of its revenues, earnings, or other measures of performance. Forward-looking statements are based on current management expectations and, by their nature, are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements generally may be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “should,” “will,” “intend,” or similar expressions. Shareholders should note that many factors, some of which are discussed elsewhere in this document, could affect the future financial results of Nicolet and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements contained in this document. These factors, many of which are beyond Nicolet’s control, include, but are not necessarily limited to the following:
•the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business, customers, employees and third-party service providers of Nicolet or any of its acquisition targets;
•operating, legal and regulatory risks, including the effects of legislative or regulatory developments affecting the financial industry generally or Nicolet specifically;
•economic, market, political and competitive forces affecting Nicolet’s banking and wealth management businesses;
•changes in interest rates, monetary policy and general economic conditions, which may impact Nicolet’s net interest income;
•diversion of management time on pandemic-related issues;
•adoption of new accounting standards, including the effects from the adoption of the CECL model on January 1, 2020, or changes in existing standards;
•changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies or practices resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic;
•compliance or operational risks related to new products, services, ventures, or lines of business, if any, that Nicolet may pursue or implement; and
•the risk that Nicolet’s analysis of these risks and forces could be incorrect and/or that the strategies developed to address them could be unsuccessful.
These factors should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Nicolet specifically disclaims any obligation to update factors or to publicly announce the results of revisions to any of the forward-looking statements or comments included herein to reflect future events or developments.

Overview
The following discussion is management’s analysis of the consolidated financial condition as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and results of operations for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. It should be read in conjunction with Nicolet’s audited consolidated financial statements included in Nicolet’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The timing of Nicolet’s acquisition of Choice Bancorp, Inc. (“Choice”) on November 8, 2019, at approximately 12% of pre-merger assets, impacts financial comparisons. Certain income statement results, average balances and related ratios for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 include Choice, compared to no contribution from Choice for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019, and a partial period of Choice in fourth quarter 2019.
The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in, among other things, stock and global markets decline, disruption in business and leisure activities as nation-wide stay-at-home orders were mandated, significant strain on the health care industry as it addressed the severity of the health crisis, and shift in the general economy (such as high unemployment, negative GDP expectations, a 150 bps decline in Federal funds rates, and unprecedented government stimulus), triggering a 2020 recession. The dramatic events surrounding the pandemic and the uncertainty about the longevity of the pandemic's affects will continue to impact future expectations about credit costs and margins, as well as fee income and expenses.
Amid the uncertainty, Nicolet took action to increase liquidity (largely through procurement of term brokered CDs in late March to early April), significantly increased the credit loss provision in the first half of 2020 for the dramatically changed
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circumstances that continue to evolve, and recorded market losses on equity investments held (in response to the market decline). Initial actions to keep customers and employees safe included reducing on-site staff, increasing remote staff, segregating leadership and key functional departments (and adding redundancy to ensure continuity of operations should there be a COVID-19 related incident), limiting branch access through appointment-only lobbies and temporarily closing 11 locations. We supplemented the pay of our front-line employees working on-site and eliminated senior management incentive accruals for the quarter. We aggressively procured masks and other protective supplies. Costs associated with on-site bonuses, testing, and protective supplies totaled $0.6 million for second quarter 2020.
We sharpened our focus on configuring the Bank to more efficiently and effectively meet customers needs. We closely evaluated our branch network for redundancy and permanently closed seven (18%) of our 39 branches in second quarter, which also reduced headcount by 56 employees (nearly 10% of our workforce). As a result, $1.7 million of one-time costs were recorded during second quarter 2020 related to lease terminations, severance, accelerated depreciation and write-offs.
At the start of the pandemic, Nicolet employed approximately 600 people and at peak points had 34% working remotely, 18% paid but not working due to risk concerns or location closure, and the remainder of employees working on-site. At June 30, 2020, Nicolet employed 544 people, with the decline primarily due to the branch closures and efficiencies.
Given the extent of uncertainty, we guided numerous customers through new loans, temporary loan modifications, or participation in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). Nicolet originated $340 million of PPP loans during second quarter 2020 for nearly 2,550 business customers, which supported approximately 40,000 employees in those underlying businesses. The PPP loans provided low 1% coupon and potentially forgivable funds to small businesses, and are fully guaranteed by the SBA warranting no credit loss provision. Nicolet earned on average a 3.53% fee or $12.2 million from the SBA to process and service the PPP loans. This aggregate fee was deferred and will be accreted ratably into interest income over the life of the PPP loan pool, which may accelerate if loans payoff sooner. Nicolet recognized $1.1 million of the aggregate fee into interest income for the second quarter of 2020. Using the PPP loans as collateral, Nicolet funded the PPP loans through the Federal Reserve's Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”), which cost 0.35% and totaled $336 million at June 30, 2020. PPP loans funded by the PPPLF are given a zero risk-weight in regulatory risk-based capital ratios and are excluded from average assets in the regulatory leverage ratio. We created a micro-grant program, providing $1.25 million of funds directly to 325 customers who otherwise qualified for a small PPP loan of less than $5,000, no strings attached, as a more cost beneficial, timely and impactful result for the customer and the Company. The micro-grant program of the second quarter represented a direct give back of 10% of the PPP fees subsequently earned. Since the pandemic started, payment modifications were made on over 900 loans totaling $447 million, most of which were commercial. For retail customers purchasing new homes or refinancing, we processed a record of nearly 1,500 mortgage loans in second quarter 2020.

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Performance Summary
Table 1: Earnings Summary and Selected Financial Data
At or for the Three Months Ended At or for the Six Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share data) 6/30/2020 3/31/2020 12/31/2019 9/30/2019 6/30/2019 6/30/2020 6/30/2019
Results of operations:
Interest income $ 36,892    $ 37,003    $ 36,192    $ 34,667    $ 34,570    $ 73,895    $ 67,729   
Interest expense 5,395    5,740    5,723    5,477    5,626    11,135    11,310   
Net interest income 31,497    31,263    30,469    29,190    28,944    62,760    56,419   
Provision for credit losses 3,000    3,000    300    400    300    6,000    500   
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 28,497    28,263    30,169    28,790    28,644    56,760    55,919   
Noninterest income 17,471    9,585    13,309    12,312    18,560    27,056    27,746   
Noninterest expense 27,813    23,854    25,426    22,887    25,727    51,667    48,486   
Income before income tax expense 18,155    13,994    18,052    18,215    21,477    32,149    35,179   
Income tax expense 4,576    3,321    5,670    4,603    2,833    7,897    6,185   
Net income 13,579    10,673    12,382    13,612    18,644    24,252    28,994   
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 101    118    87    82    95    219    178   
Net income attributable to Nicolet Bankshares, Inc. $ 13,478    $ 10,555    $ 12,295    $ 13,530    $ 18,549    $ 24,033    $ 28,816   
Earnings per common share:              
Basic $ 1.29    $ 1.00    $ 1.22    $ 1.45    $ 1.98    $ 2.30    $ 3.06   
Diluted $ 1.28    $ 0.98    $ 1.18    $ 1.40    $ 1.91    $ 2.25    $ 2.97   
Common Shares:              
Basic weighted average 10,417    10,516    10,061    9,347    9,374    10,467    9,418   
Diluted weighted average 10,520    10,801    10,452    9,697    9,692    10,659    9,711   
Outstanding (period end) 10,424    10,408    10,588    9,363    9,327    10,424    9,327   
Period-End Balances:              
Loans $ 2,821,501    $ 2,607,424    $ 2,573,751    $ 2,242,931    $ 2,203,273    $ 2,821,501    $ 2,203,273   
Allowance for credit losses - loans 29,130    26,202    13,972    13,620    13,571    29,130    13,571   
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value 510,809    511,860    449,302    419,300    403,989    510,809    403,989   
Goodwill and other intangibles, net 164,094    164,974    165,967    121,371    122,285    164,094    122,285   
Total assets 4,541,228    3,732,554    3,577,260    3,105,671    3,054,813    4,541,228    3,054,813   
Deposits 3,537,805    3,023,466    2,954,453    2,584,447    2,536,639    3,537,805    2,536,639   
Stockholders’ equity 532,033    510,971    516,262    428,014    411,415    532,033    411,415   
Book value per common share 51.04    49.09    48.76    45.71    44.11    51.04    44.11   
Tangible book value per common share (2)
35.30    33.24    33.08    32.75    31.00    35.30    31.00   
Average Balances:              
Loans $ 2,823,866    $ 2,584,584    $ 2,438,908    $ 2,218,307    $ 2,189,070    $ 2,704,225    $ 2,184,272   
Interest-earning assets 3,917,499    3,167,505    2,974,974    2,763,997    2,702,357    3,542,502    2,718,557   
Goodwill and other intangibles, net 164,564    165,532    147,636    121,895    122,841    165,048    123,363   
Total assets 4,310,088    3,555,144    3,339,283    3,094,546    3,022,383    3,932,616    3,034,658   
Deposits 3,403,188    2,920,071    2,756,295    2,563,821    2,514,226    3,161,630    2,535,459   
Interest-bearing liabilities 2,741,199    2,218,592    2,023,448    1,895,754    1,892,775    2,479,896    1,919,345   
Stockholders’ equity 520,177    513,558    478,645    420,864    404,345    516,867    397,723   
Financial Ratios: (1)
             
Return on average assets 1.26  % 1.19  % 1.46  % 1.73  % 2.46  % 1.23  % 1.91  %
Return on average common equity 10.42    8.27    10.19    12.75    18.40    9.35    14.61   
Return on average tangible common equity (2)
15.24    12.20    14.74    17.95    26.43    13.74    21.18   
Average equity to average assets 12.07    14.45    14.33    13.60    13.38    13.14    13.11   
Stockholders' equity to assets 11.72    13.69    14.43    13.78    13.47    11.72    13.47   
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (2)
8.41    9.70    10.27    10.28    9.86    8.41    9.86   
Net interest margin 3.21    3.94    4.06    4.19    4.28    3.53    4.16   
Net loan charge-offs to average loans 0.01    0.01    (0.01)   0.06    0.02    0.01    0.01   
Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.43    0.57    0.55    0.41    0.35    0.43    0.35   
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.29    0.42    0.42    0.34    0.26    0.29    0.26   
Efficiency ratio 55.69    57.16    57.57    55.19    64.01    56.36    63.00   
Effective tax rate 25.21    23.73    31.41    25.27    13.19    24.56    17.58   
Selected Items:              
Interest income from resolving PCI loans (rounded) N/A N/A $ 1,400    $ 1,800    $ 1,300    N/A $ 1,500   
Tax-equivalent adjustment on net interest income 229    231    257    251    263    460    535   
Tax benefit on stock-based compensation (24)   (323)   (1,275)   (128)   (739)   (347)   (883)  

(1) Income statement-related ratios for partial-year periods are annualized.
(2) The ratios of tangible book value per common share, return on average tangible common equity, and tangible common equity to tangible assets exclude goodwill and other intangibles, net. These financial ratios have been included as they are considered to be critical metrics with which to analyze and evaluate financial condition and capital strength.
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Net income was $24.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $4.8 million or 17% from $28.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Earnings per diluted common share was $2.25 for the first six months of 2020, compared to $2.97 for the first six months of 2019.
•During second quarter 2019, net income favorably included $5.4 million (or $0.55 of diluted earnings per common share) related to two actions combined, the sale of 80% of Nicolet's equity investment in UFS, LLC, a data processing and e-banking entity ($7.4 million after-tax gain included in noninterest income under asset gains) and retirement-related compensation declared to benefit all employees after that sale ($2.75 million, or $2.0 million after-tax cost, included in noninterest expense under personnel), impacting the 2019 year-to-date and quarter comparisons.
•Net interest income was $62.8 million for the first six months of 2020, up $6.3 million or 11% over the first six months of 2019. Interest income grew $6.2 million attributable to favorable volumes (mostly higher loan volumes reflecting the Choice acquisition in November 2019 and the PPP loans in second quarter 2020), partly offset by unfavorable rates due to Federal Reserve rate cuts in late 2019 and again in March 2020. Interest expense decreased $0.2 million with the impact of the lower interest rate mostly offset by a higher volume of deposits. Net interest margin was 3.53% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to 4.16% for the six months ended June 30, 2019. For additional information regarding net interest income, see “Income Statement Analysis — Net Interest Income.”
•Noninterest income was $27.1 million for the first six months of 2020, down $0.7 million or 2% from the comparable 2019 period, mostly due to the $7.4 million gain on the equity investment sale noted above. Excluding net asset gains (losses), noninterest income was $28.5 million for the first six months of 2020, up $8.5 million or 42% over 2019, predominantly on record net mortgage income spurred by strong refinance activity. For additional information regarding noninterest income, see “Income Statement Analysis — Noninterest Income.”
•Noninterest expense was $51.7 million, $3.2 million or 7% higher than the first six months of 2019, largely due to the expanded operating base following the Choice acquisition, as well as one-time expenses in second quarter 2020 associated with the announced branch closures, safety efforts related to the pandemic, a micro-grant program and a merger termination charge (collectively $4.0 million), while second quarter 2019 included $2.75 million of nonrecurring retirement-related compensation declared. Personnel costs decreased $0.1 million, while non-personnel expenses combined increased $3.3 million or 16% over the comparable 2019 period. For additional information regarding noninterest expense, see “Income Statement Analysis — Noninterest Expense.”
•Nonperforming assets were only $13 million, representing 0.29% of total assets at June 30, 2020, compared to 0.42% at December 31, 2019 and 0.26% at June 30, 2019. For additional information regarding nonperforming assets, see “Balance Sheet Analysis – Nonperforming Assets.”
•At June 30, 2020, assets were $4.5 billion, up $964 million or 27% from December 31, 2019, largely due to higher cash and cash equivalents (commensurate with the increase in total deposits) and an increase in loans (driven by PPP loans originated in second quarter 2020). Compared to June 30, 2019, assets increased $1.5 billion or 49%, atttributable to the noted increases since year-end 2019 as well as the acquisition of Choice, which added $457 million in assets, $348 million in loans and $289 million in deposits at acquisition. For additional balance sheet discussion see “Balance Sheet Analysis.”
•At June 30, 2020, loans were $2.8 billion, 10% higher than December 31, 2019 and 28% higher than June 30, 2019. On average, loans grew $520 million or 24% over the first six months of 2019. For additional information regarding loans, see “Balance Sheet Analysis — Loans.”
•Total deposits were $3.5 billion at June 30, 2020, an increase of 20% from December 31, 2019 and 39% higher than June 30, 2019. Year-to-date average deposits were $626 million or 25% higher than the first six months of 2019. For additional information regarding deposits, see “Balance Sheet Analysis – Deposits.”

INCOME STATEMENT ANALYSIS
Net Interest Income
Tax-equivalent net interest income is a non-GAAP measure, but is a preferred industry measurement of net interest income (and its use in calculating a net interest margin) as it enhances the comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources. The tax-equivalent adjustments bring tax-exempt interest to a level that would yield the same after-tax income by applying the effective Federal corporate tax rates to the underlying assets. Tables 2 and 3 present information to facilitate the review and discussion of selected average balance sheet items, tax-equivalent net interest income, interest rate spread and net interest margin.
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Table 2: Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Income Analysis - Tax-Equivalent Basis
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019
(in thousands) Average
Balance 		Interest Average
Yield/Rate 		Average
Balance 		Interest Average
Yield/Rate
ASSETS
Interest-earning assets
PPP Loans $ 132,353    $ 1,786    2.67  % $ —    $ —    —  %
Commercial-based loans ex PPP 2,093,664    54,203    5.12  % 1,735,829    49,282    5.65  %
Retail-based loans 478,208    11,613    4.86  % 448,443    11,988    5.35  %
Total loans, including loan fees (1)(2)
2,704,225    67,602    4.95  % 2,184,272    61,270    5.59  %
Investment securities:
Taxable
345,306    4,114    2.38  % 268,663    3,674    2.73  %
Tax-exempt (2)
126,402    1,402    2.22  % 137,576    1,513    2.20  %
Total investment securities 471,708    5,516    2.34  % 406,239    5,187    2.55  %
Other interest-earning assets 366,569    1,237    0.67  % 128,046    1,807    2.81  %
Total non-loan earning assets
838,277    6,753    1.61  % 534,285    6,994    2.62  %
Total interest-earning assets
3,542,502    $ 74,355    4.16  % 2,718,557    $ 68,264    5.00  %
Other assets, net 390,114    316,101   
Total assets
$ 3,932,616    $ 3,034,658   
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest-bearing liabilities
Savings $ 372,122    $ 461    0.25  % $ 305,449    $ 752    0.50  %
Interest-bearing demand 533,574    2,248    0.85  % 495,878    2,549    1.04  %
Money market accounts (“MMA”) 695,838    1,080    0.31  % 569,167    1,986    0.70  %
Core time deposits 413,326    3,564    1.73  % 401,849    4,059    2.04  %
Total interest-bearing core deposits
2,014,860    7,353    0.73  % 1,772,343    9,346    1.06  %
Brokered deposits 250,422    2,059    1.65  % 69,634    161    0.47  %
Total interest-bearing deposits
2,265,282    9,412    0.84  % 1,841,977    9,507    1.04  %
PPPLF 118,576    210    0.35  % —    —    —  %
Other interest-bearing liabilities 96,038    1,513    3.12  % 77,368    1,803    4.64  %
Total wholesale funding
214,614    1,723    1.59  % 77,368    1,803    4.64  %
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,479,896    11,135    0.90  % 1,919,345    11,310    1.19  %
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 896,348    693,482   
Other liabilities 39,505    24,108   
Stockholders’ equity 516,867    397,723   
Total liabilities and
 stockholders’ equity
$ 3,932,616    $ 3,034,658   
Net interest income and rate spread $ 63,220    3.26  % $ 56,954    3.81  %
Tax-equivalent adjustment $ 460    $ 535   
Net interest margin 3.53  % 4.16  %
Selected Additional Information:
Total loans ex. PPP $ 2,571,872    $ 65,816    5.07  % $ 2,184,272    $ 61,270    5.59  %
Total interest-earning assets ex PPP 3,410,149    72,569    4.22  % 2,718,557    68,264    5.00  %
Total interest-bearing liabilities ex PPPLF 2,361,320    10,925    0.93  % 1,919,345    11,310    1.19  %
Net interest rate spread ex PPP & PPPLF 3.29  % 3.81  %
(1)Nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale are included in the daily average loan balances outstanding.
(2)The yield on tax-exempt loans and tax-exempt investment securities is computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal tax rate of 21% and adjusted for the disallowance of interest expense.

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Table 2: Average Balance Sheet and Net Interest Income Analysis - Tax-Equivalent Basis (Continued)
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
2020 2019
(in thousands) Average
Balance 		Interest Average
Yield/Rate 		Average
Balance 		Interest Average
Yield/Rate
ASSETS
Interest-earning assets
PPP Loans $ 264,705    $ 1,786    2.67  % $ —    $ —    —  %
Commercial-based loans ex PPP 2,078,927    26,311    5.01  % 1,742,209    25,215    5.73  %
Retail-based loans 480,234    5,697    4.75  % 446,861    6,042    5.41  %
Total loans, including loan fees (1)(2)
2,823,866    33,794    4.74  % 2,189,070    31,257    5.66  %
Investment securities:
Taxable
362,703    2,042    2.25  % 269,072    2,041    3.03  %
Tax-exempt (2)
126,894    710    2.24  % 133,862    737    2.20  %
Total investment securities 489,597    2,752    2.25  % 402,934    2,778    2.76  %
Other interest-earning assets 604,036    575    0.38  % 110,353    798    2.87  %
Total non-loan earning assets
1,093,633    3,327    1.22  % 513,287    3,576    2.78  %
Total interest-earning assets
3,917,499    $ 37,121    3.76  % 2,702,357    $ 34,833    5.11  %
Other assets, net 392,589    320,026   
Total assets
$ 4,310,088    $ 3,022,383   
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Interest-bearing liabilities
Savings $ 393,006    $ 155    0.16  % $ 311,029    $ 392    0.50  %
Interest-bearing demand 531,852    1,034    0.78  % 478,447    1,228    1.03  %
MMA 730,990    350    0.19  % 559,355    976    0.70  %
Core time deposits 398,726    1,631    1.65  % 406,427    2,100    2.07  %
Total interest-bearing core deposits
2,054,574    3,170    0.62  % 1,755,258    4,696    1.07  %
Brokered deposits 342,776    1,285    1.51  % 60,115    34    0.23  %
Total interest-bearing deposits
2,397,350    4,455    0.75  % 1,815,373    4,730    1.05  %
PPPLF 237,153    210    0.35  % —    —    —  %
Other interest-bearing liabilities 106,696    730    2.71  % 77,402    896    4.59  %
Total wholesale funding 343,849    940    1.08  % 77,402    896    4.59  %
Total interest-bearing liabilities
2,741,199    5,395    0.79  % 1,892,775    5,626    1.19  %
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 1,005,838    698,853   
Other liabilities 42,874    26,410   
Stockholders’ equity 520,177    404,345   
Total liabilities and
 stockholders’ equity
$ 4,310,088    $ 3,022,383   
Net interest income and rate spread $ 31,726    2.97  % $ 29,207    3.92  %
Tax-equivalent adjustment $ 229    $ 263   
Net interest margin 3.21  % 4.28  %
Selected Additional Information:
Total loans ex. PPP $ 2,559,161    $ 32,008    4.96  % $ 2,189,070    $ 31,257    5.66  %
Total interest-earning assets ex PPP 3,652,794    35,335    3.84  % 2,702,357    34,833    5.11  %
Total interest-bearing liabilities ex PPPLF 2,504,046    5,185    0.83  % 1,892,775    5,626    1.19  %
Net interest rate spread ex PPP & PPPLF 3.01  % 3.92  %
(1)Nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale are included in the daily average loan balances outstanding.
(2)The yield on tax-exempt loans and tax-exempt investment securities is computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal tax rate of 21% and adjusted for the disallowance of interest expense.

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Table 3: Volume/Rate Variance - Tax-Equivalent Basis
For the Three Months Ended
June 30, 2020
Compared to June 30, 2019:
For the Six Months Ended
 June 30, 2020
Compared to June 30, 2019:
Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in
(in thousands) Volume Rate
Net (1)
Volume Rate
Net (1)
Interest-earning assets
PPP Loans $ 1,786    $ —    $ 1,786    $ 1,786    $ —    $ 1,786   
Commercial-based loans ex. PPP 5,920    (4,824)   1,096    11,228    (6,307)   4,921   
Retail-based loans 431    (776)   (345)   787    (1,162)   (375)  
Total loans (2)
8,137    (5,600)   2,537    13,801    (7,469)   6,332   
Investment securities:
Taxable
442    (441)   1    640    (200)   440   
Tax-exempt (2)
(39)   12    (27)   (124)   13    (111)  
Total investment securities 403    (429)   (26)   516    (187)   329   
Other interest-earning assets 699    (922)   (223)   1,319    (1,889)   (570)  
 Total non-loan earning assets
1,102    (1,351)   (249)   1,835    (2,076)   (241)  
Total interest-earning assets
$ 9,239    $ (6,951)   $ 2,288    $ 15,636    $ (9,545)   $ 6,091   
Interest-bearing liabilities
Savings $ 83    $ (320)   $ (237)   $ 140    $ (431)   $ (291)  
Interest-bearing demand 125    (319)   (194)   186    (487)   (301)  
MMA 233    (859)   (626)   374    (1,280)   (906)  
Core time deposits (39)   (430)   (469)   116    (611)   (495)  
Total interest-bearing core deposits
402    (1,928)   (1,526)   816    (2,809)   (1,993)  
Brokered deposits 568    683    1,251    958    940    1,898   
Total interest-bearing deposits
970    (1,245)   (275)   1,774    (1,869)   (95)  
PPPLF 210    —    210    210    —    210   
Other interest-bearing liabilities 63    (229)   (166)   62    (352)   (290)  
Total wholesale funding 273    (229)   44    272    (352)   (80)  
Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,243    (1,474)   (231)   2,046    (2,221)   (175)  
Net interest income $ 7,996    $ (5,477)   $ 2,519    $ 13,590    $ (7,324)   $ 6,266   
(1)The change in interest due to both rate and volume has been allocated in proportion to the relationship of dollar amounts of change in each.
(2)The yield on tax-exempt loans and tax-exempt investment securities is computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal tax rate of 21% and adjusted for the disallowance of interest expense.

The interest rate environment has experienced dramatic change. The Federal Reserve steadily raised short-term interest rates during 2017 and 2018 in support of a growing economy (up 175 bps total to 2.50% at year end 2018), and then reduced rates by 75 bps in three moves during the second half of 2019 (to 1.75% at year end 2019) largely responding to global issues and slowing growth, which contributed to a flattened yield curve with periods of inversion. In March 2020, the Federal Reserve dropped short-term rates by 150 bps (to 25 bps at March 31, 2020) in two emergency moves to respond to the unprecedented economic disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic described in the “Overview” section, which brought slope back into the yield curve, though still fairly flat. Comparatively, short-term rates were 225 bps lower at June 30, 2020 than at June 30, 2019. While the following paragraphs will discuss the comparison of the six months of 2020 and 2019, we expect that the COVID-19 pandemic impacts will continue to evolve and pressure future 2020 quarters even further, including continued margin pressure and potential unusual loan or deposit volume or pricing impacts.
Tax-equivalent net interest income was $63.2 million for the first six months of 2020, comprised of net interest income of $62.8 million ($6.3 million or 11% higher than the first six months of 2019), and a $0.5 million tax-equivalent adjustment (down nearly $0.1 million between the periods). The $6.3 million increase in tax-equivalent net interest income was attributable to favorable volumes (which added $13.6 million, with $13.8 million from higher loan volumes, due to the inclusion of Choice interest-earning assets and PPP loans) and net unfavorable rates (which reduced net interest income by $7.3 million). The net $7.3 million decrease from rates was from interest-earning asset rate changes in the lower rate environment (decreasing net interest income by $9.5 million, of which $7.5 million was from loans, and $1.9 million was from the dramatically reduced cash rate earned), offset partly by benefits of a lower cost of funds (improving net interest income by $2.2 million, predominantly led by $2.8 million savings from non-brokered interest-bearing core deposits, $0.4 million savings from wholesale funds, and offset by $0.9 million more interest cost from term brokered deposits which increased in both rate and volume).
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Between the comparable six-month periods, the interest rate spread decreased 55 bps, largely attributable to the lower interest rate environment between the first half periods and the significantly higher concentration of low-earning cash in the 2020 period. The 2020 interest earning asset yield declined 84 bps to 4.16%, largely from the 64 bps decline in loans (with approximately 12 bps related to inclusion of PPP loans at a 2.67% yield), and was also harmed by the decrease in the loans-to-earning asset mix (to 76% compared to 80% for first half 2019) given the significant increase in cash. The 2020 cost of funds declined favorably by 29 bps to 0.90%, largely from improved core deposit rates and lower variable wholesale funding rates, though offset partly by higher-costing brokered deposits (representing 10% of interest-bearing liabilities versus 4% for first half 2019) acquired with the Choice acquisition and procured in March-April 2020 under competitive conditions. The contribution from net free funds decreased 8 bps, due mostly to the reduced value in the lower rate environment, though offset partly by the 33% increase in average net free funds (largely from average noninterest-bearing demand deposits and stockholders equity) between the first half periods. As a result, the tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.53% for first half 2020, down 63 bps compared to 4.16% for the comparable 2019 period.
Average interest-earning assets increased to $3.5 billion, up $824 million or 30% over the 2019 comparable period, primarily due to the timing of the Choice acquisition in November 2019, addition of PPP loans, and significantly higher cash in second quarter 2020. Between the comparable six-month periods, average loans increased $520 million or 24% (which includes modest organic growth, $348 million of Choice loans at acquisition and $329 million of net originated PPP loans in second quarter 2020), while all other interest-earning assets combined increased $304 million on average or 57%. The mix of average interest-earning assets shifted toward lower-yielding assets, at 76% loans, 13% investments and 11% other interest-earning assets (mostly cash) for first half 2020, compared to 80%, 15% and 5%, respectively for first half 2019.
Tax-equivalent interest income was $74.4 million for first half 2020, up $6.1 million or 9% over first half 2019, while the related interest-earning asset yield was 4.16%, down 84 bps from the comparable period in 2019. Interest income on loans increased $6.3 million or 10% over first half 2019, aided by strong volumes, including Choice and PPP loans. The 2020 loan yield was 4.95%, down 64 bps from first half 2019, largely from the significantly lower rate environment impacting yields on new, renewed and variable rate loans, as well as from inclusion of PPP loans at a 2.67% yield. Between the comparable six-month periods, interest income on non-loan earning assets combined was down $0.2 million to $6.8 million, impacted by a 101 bps decline in the yield (to 1.61%) in the lower rate environment, partially offset by higher average volumes (up 57%) from the significantly higher cash.
Average interest-bearing liabilities were $2.5 billion, an increase of $561 million or 29%, primarily due to the timing of the Choice acquisition in November 2019, and the significant increase in deposits from government stimulus activities and deposited PPP loan proceeds. The mix of average interest-bearing liabilities was 81% core deposits, 10% brokered deposits and 9% other funding, compared to 92%, 4% and 4%, respectively, for first half 2019, with the mix changes (especially increased money markets and brokered deposits) influenced by the mix of the $289 million of Choice deposits acquired, and the procurement of brokered deposits in March-April 2020 as part of previously discussed liquidity actions.
Interest expense decreased to $11.1 million (down $0.2 million) for first half 2020 compared to first half 2019, on larger average interest-bearing liabilities volumes (up 29% to $2.5 billion) but at a lower overall cost of funds (down 29 bps to 0.90%). Interest expense on deposits decreased $0.1 million or 1% from the first six months of 2019 given 23% higher average interest-bearing deposit balances but at a lower cost (down 20 bps to 0.84%). The 2020 cost of savings, interest-bearing demand, money market accounts and core time deposits decreased from the first six months of 2019, by 25 bps, 19 bps, 39 bps and 31 bps, respectively, as product rate changes were made in the lower rate environment, and brokered deposits cost 118 bps more than the prior first half period, largely from higher-costing term brokered funds acquired with the Choice acquisition in November 2019 and procured during March-April 2020 under competitive conditions as part of previously discussed liquidity actions. Interest expense on other interest-bearing liabilities decreased $0.1 million, on higher average balances (up $137 million) but at a lower rate (down 305 bps to 1.59%), mostly impacted by the inclusion of the low-costing PPPLF (average balance of $119 million for first half 2020 at a 0.35% rate), and variable rate debt repricing and maturing advances replaced in the lower rate environment.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses increased to $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, largely due to the unprecedented economic disruptions and uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. The provision for credit losses was significantly increased to $3 million in first quarter 2020 with nearly no forward visibility in the wake of an emerging pandemic and recession. For second quarter 2020, an additional $3 million provision was recognized on still limited forward visibility and no material degradation of the current asset quality metrics.
The provision for credit losses is predominantly a function of Nicolet’s methodology and judgment as to qualitative and quantitative factors used to determine the appropriateness of the ACL-Loans. The appropriateness of the ACL-Loans is affected by changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio, changes in levels of impaired and other nonperforming loans, historical losses and delinquencies in each portfolio segment, the risk inherent in specific loans, concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries, existing and future economic conditions, the fair value of underlying collateral, and other
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factors which could affect expected credit losses. See also Note 1, “Basis of Presentation” and Note 6, “Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans, and Credit Quality” of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, for additional policy and disclosures. For additional information regarding asset quality and the ACL-Loans, see “BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS — Loans,” “— Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans,” and “— Nonperforming Assets.”

Noninterest Income
Table 4: Noninterest Income
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 $ Change % Change 2020 2019 $ Change % Change
Trust services fee income $ 1,510    $ 1,569    $ (59)   (4) % $ 3,089    $ 3,037    $ 52    2  %
Brokerage fee income 2,269    2,002    267    13    4,591    3,812    779    20   
Mortgage income, net 9,963    2,059    7,904    384    12,290    3,262    9,028    277   
Service charges on deposit accounts 813    1,194    (381)   (32)   2,038    2,364    (326)   (14)  
Card interchange income 1,637    1,660    (23)   (1)   3,199    3,080    119    4   
BOLI income 540    880    (340)   (39)   1,243    1,339    (96)   (7)  
Other income 1,487    1,624    (137)   (8)   2,008    3,108    (1,100)   (35)  
Noninterest income without
 net gains
18,219    10,988    7,231    66    28,458    20,002    8,456    42   
Asset gains (losses), net (748)   7,572    (8,320)   N/M (1,402)   7,744    (9,146)   N/M
Total noninterest income
$ 17,471    $ 18,560    $ (1,089)   (6) % $ 27,056    $ 27,746    $ (690)   (2) %
Trust services fee income & Brokerage fee income combined $ 3,779    $ 3,571    $ 208    6  % $ 7,680    $ 6,849    $ 831    12  %
N/M means not meaningful.

Noninterest income was $27.1 million for first half 2020, decreasing $0.7 million or 2%, compared to $27.7 million for the comparable period of 2019, which included a $7.4 million gain on the equity investment sale noted previously. Noninterest income excluding net asset gains (losses) grew $8.5 million or 42% between the comparable first-half periods, predominantly on strong net mortgage income.
Trust services fee income and brokerage fee income combined were $7.7 million, up $0.8 million or 12% over the first six months of 2019, consistent with the growth in accounts and assets under management, as well as the migration of some trust accounts into brokerage accounts.
Mortgage income represents net gains received from the sale of residential real estate loans into the secondary market, capitalized mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), servicing fees net of MSR amortization, fair value marks on the mortgage interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments (“mortgage derivatives”), and MSR valuation changes, if any. Net mortgage income of $12.3 million, increased $9.0 million or 277% between the comparable first half periods, predominantly from higher sale gains and capitalized gains combined (up $9.1 million or 281%, commensurate with the increase in volumes sold into the secondary market aided by the current refinance boom), favorable changes in the fair value of the mortgage derivatives (up $0.2 million), and higher net servicing fees (up $0.1 million or 32% on the larger portfolio serviced for others), partially offset by $0.4 million MSR asset impairment given higher refinance activity. See also “Lending-Related Commitments” and Note 7, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles and Mortgage Servicing Rights” of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, for additional disclosures on the MSR asset.
Service charges on deposit accounts were down $0.3 million to $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, mainly as we waived certain fees during second quarter 2020 to provide economic relief to our customers.
Card interchange income grew $0.1 million or 4% due to higher volume and activity, though tempered by cautionary spending of consumers amidst the stay-at-home orders and economic uncertainty.
BOLI income was down $0.1 million between the comparable first half periods, attributable to the difference in BOLI death benefits received in each six-month period (down $0.2 million), partly offset by income on higher average balances from $5 million additional BOLI purchased in mid-2019 and $6 million BOLI acquired with Choice.
Other income of $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was down $1.1 million from the comparable 2019 period, largely due to $0.5 million lower income from our smaller equity interest in a data processing entity after the partial sale in May
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2019, as well as a $0.3 million negative change in the value of nonqualified deferred compensation plan assets from market declines in 2020 and $0.3 million attributable to the fee earned on a customer loan interest rate swap in second quarter 2019.
Net asset losses of $1.4 million in first half 2020 were primarily attributable to unfavorable fair value marks on equity securities and the $0.1 million write-off of Commerce common stock in connection with the terms of the mutual termination of the Commerce merger agreement. Net asset gains of $7.7 million in first half 2019 were comprised primarily of the $7.4 million gain on the equity investment sale and $0.6 million of favorable fair value marks on equity securities, partially offset by losses of $0.3 million on fixed asset disposals and write-downs of OREO and other investments.

Noninterest Expense
Table 5: Noninterest Expense
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands) 2020 2019 Change % Change 2020 2019 Change % Change
Personnel $ 14,482    $ 15,358    $ (876)   (6) % $ 27,805    $ 27,895    $ (90)   —  %
Occupancy, equipment and office 4,361    3,757    604    16    8,565    7,507    1,058    14   
Business development and marketing 2,514    1,579    935    59    3,873    2,860    1,013    35   
Data processing 2,399    2,350    49    2    4,962    4,705    257    5   
Intangibles amortization 880    969    (89)   (9)   1,873    2,022    (149)   (7)  
Other expense 3,177    1,714    1,463    85    4,589    3,497    1,092    31   
Total noninterest expense
$ 27,813    $ 25,727    $ 2,086    8  % $ 51,667    $ 48,486    $ 3,181    7  %
Non-personnel expenses $ 13,331    $ 10,369    $ 2,962    29  % $ 23,862    $ 20,591    $ 3,271    16  %
Average full-time equivalent (“FTE”) employees 570    555    15    3  % 575    552    23    4  %

Noninterest expense was $51.7 million, an increase of $3.2 million or 7% over first half 2019, largely due to the expanded operating base following the Choice acquisition, as well as one-time expenses in second quarter 2020 associated with the announced branch closures, safety efforts related to the pandemic, a micro-grant program and a merger termination charge (collectively $4.0 million), while second quarter 2019 included $2.75 million of nonrecurring retirement-related compensation declared. Personnel costs decreased $0.1 million, while non-personnel expenses combined increased $3.3 million or 16% over first half 2019.
Personnel expense was $27.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $0.1 million from the comparable period in 2019. Excluding the $2.75 million nonrecurring compensation from the 2019 period, personnel expense increased $2.7 million or 11%. The increase is due mainly to the expanded workforce, with average FTE employees up 4% between the comparable first half periods, strong merit increases between the periods and higher health and other fringes. Personnel expense was also impacted by $0.2 million higher overtime to process mortgage and PPP volume, $0.2 million severance related to the branch closures, and $0.4 million of on-site bonus pay, offset by $0.3 million lower nonqualified deferred compensation expense mainly tied to the plan liability decline (similar to the related plan asset decline noted in the “Noninterest Income” section).
Occupancy, equipment and office expense was $8.6 million for first half 2020, up $1.1 million or 14% compared to first half 2019, with 2020 including $0.5 million of accelerated depreciation and write-offs related to the branch closures, higher expense for software and technology to drive operational efficiency and enhance products or services, and for additional licensing and equipment to expand remote workers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. First half 2019 also included approximately $0.2 million of accelerated depreciation for branch facility upgrades.
Business development and marketing expense was $3.9 million, up $1.0 million or 35%, between the comparable six-month periods, largely due to $1.25 million for the micro-grant program.
Data processing expense was $5.0 million, up $0.3 million or 5% between the comparable first half periods, with volume-based increases in core processing charges partially offset by savings in data communication.
Intangibles amortization decreased $0.1 million between the comparable six-month periods mainly from declining amortization on the aging intangibles of previous acquisitions, with partially offsetting amortization from the new intangibles of the November 2019 Choice acquisition.
Other expense was $4.6 million, up $1.1 million or 31% between the comparable first half periods. First half 2020 included $1.0 million of lease termination charges related to the branch closures and $0.5 million to terminate the Commerce merger agreement, while first half 2019 included $0.3 million higher FDIC insurance costs and a $0.3 million fraud loss contingency.
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Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $7.9 million (effective tax rate of 24.56%) for first half 2020, compared to $6.2 million (effective tax rate of 17.58%) for the comparable period of 2019. The lower effective tax rate for 2019 was due to the favorable tax treatment of the equity investment sale, BOLI death benefit proceeds, and higher tax benefit on stock-based compensation.

Income Statement Analysis – Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 versus Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Net income was $13.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $5.1 million or 27% from $18.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Earnings per diluted common share was $1.28 for second quarter 2020, compared to $1.91 for second quarter 2019. Net income for second quarter 2019 included $5.4 million from two nonrecurring items, a $7.4 million after-tax gain on the partial sale of its equity interest in a data processing entity, and $2.75 million ($2.0 million after-tax) in personnel expense for retirement-related compensation declared.
Tax-equivalent net interest income was $31.7 million for second quarter 2020, comprised of net interest income of $31.5 million ($2.6 million or 9% over second quarter 2019), and a tax-equivalent adjustment of $0.2 million (down slightly from second quarter 2019). Tax-equivalent interest income increased $2.3 million between the second quarter periods, with $9.2 million from stronger volumes (led by average loans which grew $635 million or 29% over second quarter 2019, mostly from the PPP loans and the loans acquired with Choice, and significantly higher cash, up $494 million to represent 15% of interest-earning assets for second quarter 2020 compared to 4% for second quarter 2019), partly offset by $7.0 million from lower yields across most interest-earning assets given the Federal Reserve interest rate cuts in second half 2019 and March 2020. Interest expense decreased $0.2 million from second quarter 2019, as the impact of the lower interest rate environment more than offset the higher average deposit and funding balances. For additional information regarding average balances, net interest income and net interest margin, see “Income Statement Analysis — Net Interest Income.”
The net interest margin for second quarter 2020 was 3.21%, down from 4.28% for second quarter 2019, heavily influenced by the changing balance sheet mix, especially to low-earning cash. The yield on interest-earning assets of 3.76% declined 135 bps from second quarter 2019 (mostly due to the dramatic increase in cash that generally earns 10 bps since March 2020, as well as the low rate on the PPP loans). The yield on loans excluding PPP loans was 4.96%, 70 bps lower than second quarter 2019 mostly attributable to the impact of the lower interest rate environment on variable loans offset partly by floors and the mix of fixed rate loans. The cost of funds of 0.79% declined 40 bps during the comparable quarters as both deposit and other funding costs were adjusted down in the lower interest rate environment, as well as the inclusion of PPPLF funds costing 35 bps.
Provision for credit losses in second quarter 2020 was $3.0 million, compared to provision for credit losses of $0.3 million for second quarter 2019 given the vastly different economic conditions between the second quarter periods and the evolving impact of current credit stress on our customers. Net charge-offs were negligible for the comparable second quarter periods at 0.01% and 0.02%, for second quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Noninterest income was $17.5 million for second quarter 2020, a decrease of $1.1 million (6%) from second quarter 2019, largely due to the 2019 gain from the equity investment sale noted above. Noninterest income excluding net asset gains (losses) was $18.2 million, an increase of $7.2 million (66%) over second quarter 2019, driven by strong secondary mortgage income. Net mortgage income of $10.0 million for second quarter 2020 was up $7.9 million (384%) over second quarter 2019 from higher sale gains and capitalized gains combined (up $7.1 million or 334%, commensurate with the increase in volumes sold into the secondary market, aided by the current refinance boom), a larger servicing portfolio, and a $0.9 million favorable change in the fair value of the mortgage derivatives, partially offset by $0.2 million MSR asset impairment given higher refinance activity. Trust services fee income and brokerage fee income combined was up $0.2 million or 6%, consistent with the growth in assets under management and including the migration of some trust accounts into brokerage accounts. BOLI income was down $0.3 million between the comparable second quarter periods, attributable to a death benefit received in second quarter 2019, partly offset by income on the higher average balances from additional BOLI purchased in mid-2019 and BOLI acquired with Choice. Other income decreased $0.1 million largely due to $0.3 million lower income from our smaller equity interest in a data processing entity after the partial sale in 2019 and $0.3 million attributable to the fee earned on a customer loan interest rate swap in second quarter 2019, partly offset by a $0.5 million positive change in the value of nonqualified deferred compensation plan assets from market recoveries in second quarter 2020. Net asset losses of $0.7 million for second quarter 2020 were primarily attributable to unfavorable fair value marks on equity securities, while net asset gains of $7.6 million for second quarter 2019 were largely attributable to the $7.4 million gain on the equity investment sale noted previously. For additional information regarding noninterest income, see “Income Statement Analysis — Noninterest Income.”
Noninterest expense was $27.8 million for second quarter 2020, an increase of $2.1 million (8%) from second quarter 2019, including a $0.9 million decrease in personnel expense and a $3.0 million increase in non-personnel expenses. Excluding the $2.75 million of nonrecurring compensation from second quarter 2019, personnel expense increased $1.9 million or 15%, due to higher average FTE employees (up 3%), strong merit increases between the years, $0.5 million higher expense for the rise in nonqualified deferred compensation liability from market changes, as well as $0.2 million higher overtime to process mortgage and PPP volume, $0.2 million severance related to the branch closures, and $0.4 million of on-site bonus pay, offset by reduced
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incentive compensation accruals in 2020. Occupancy, equipment, and office of $4.4 million was up $0.6 million (16%), attributable to $0.5 million of accelerated depreciation and impairment charges for the branch closures, as well as $0.2 million for protective supplies. Business development and marketing of $2.5 million increased $0.9 million (59%) over second quarter 2019 largely due to the $1.25 million micro-grant program expense, while business development costs were dramatically reduced during the stay-at-home orders in second quarter 2020. Other expense of $3.2 million was up $1.5 million (85%) as second quarter 2020 included $1.0 million of lease termination charges related to the branch closures and $0.5 million to terminate the Commerce merger agreement. For additional information regarding noninterest expense, see “Income Statement Analysis — Noninterest Expense.”
Income tax expense for second quarter 2020 was $4.6 million, with an effective tax rate of 25.21%, compared to income tax expense of $2.8 million and an effective tax rate of 13.19% for second quarter 2019. The lower income tax expense and effective tax rate for 2019 was due to the favorable tax treatment of the equity investment sale, BOLI death benefit proceeds, and the higher tax benefit on stock-based compensation.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
At June 30, 2020, assets were $4.5 billion, an increase of $964 million (27%) from December 31, 2019. The increase from year-end 2019 was largely due to higher cash and cash equivalents (up $641 million to $823 million, commensurate with the increase in total deposits) and loans. Period end loans of $2.8 billion at June 30, 2020, increased $248 million from December 31, 2019, with the carrying value of PPP loans adding $329 million, net of an $81 million decline in the remaining loan portfolio (led by commercial lines of credit). Total deposits were $3.5 billion at June 30, 2020, an increase of a $583 million from year-end 2019, with customer deposits (core) up $397 million and brokered deposits up $186 million, influenced by liquidity objectives of customers and the Bank in the very uncertain times. Borrowings increased $350 million mostly due to participation in the PPPLF to fund the PPP loans. Total stockholders’ equity was $532 million, an increase of $16 million from December 31, 2019, primarily from earnings and positive net fair value investment changes, exceeding stock repurchases and the adoption of CECL, which negatively impacted equity by $6 million. See also Notes 1, “Basis of Presentation” and 6, “Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans, and Credit Quality” of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, for additional information on the adoption of CECL.
Compared to June 30, 2019, assets were $4.5 billion, up $1.5 billion or 49%. Loans increased $618 million (28%) and deposits increased $1.0 billion (39%) over June 30, 2019, attributable to the increases from year-end 2019 noted above, as well as the acquisition of Choice in November 2019, which added $457 million in assets, $348 million in loans and $289 million of deposits at acquisition. Stockholders’ equity increased $121 million from June 30, 2019, primarily due to common stock issued in the November 2019 Choice acquisition of $79.8 million, as well as net income and positive net fair value investment changes, partially offset by stock repurchases over the year.

Loans
In addition to the discussion that follows, see also Note 1, “Basis of Presentation” and Note 6, “Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans, and Credit Quality,” in the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, for additional disclosures and accounting policy on loans. For additional information regarding the allowance for credit losses and nonperforming assets see also “BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS – Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans” and “BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS – Nonperforming Assets.”
Nicolet services a diverse customer base throughout northeastern and central Wisconsin and in Menominee, Michigan. The Company concentrates on originating loans in its local markets and assisting its current loan customers. The loan portfolio is widely diversified by types of borrowers, industry groups, and market areas. Significant loan concentrations are considered to exist for a financial institution when there are amounts loaned to multiple numbers of borrowers engaged in similar activities that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. At June 30, 2020, no significant industry concentrations existed in Nicolet’s portfolio in excess of 10% of total loans.
With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the significance of stay-at-home orders in March 2020 particularly on restaurants, retail, arts, recreation, tourism and other hospitality businesses, Nicolet determined its collective concentration in these businesses at that time to be approximately 15% of its total loan portfolio, and began proactive discussions and/or temporary loan modifications (such as interest-only or payment deferrals) before the CARES Act passed in late March. Such modifications are further discussed under "BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS - Nonperforming Assets." This collective concentration was part of the determination for a larger first half 2020 provision, and continues to be evaluated. It remains unknown yet how much the Paycheck Protection Program may alleviate potential loss concerns across business operators in Nicolet’s loan portfolio who participated in the PPP. Further, it is unknown how businesses (individual customers or industry groups) will react or survive should the pandemic be prolonged.
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An active credit risk management process is used to ensure that sound and consistent credit decisions are made. The credit management process is regularly reviewed and the process has been modified over the past several years to further strengthen the controls. Factors that are important to managing overall credit quality are sound loan underwriting and administration, systematic monitoring of existing loans and commitments, effective loan review on an ongoing basis, early problem loan identification and remedial action to minimize losses, an appropriate ACL-Loans, and sound nonaccrual and charge-off policies.
Table 6: Period End Loan Composition
June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 June 30, 2019
(in thousands) Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Commercial & industrial $ 729,264    26  % $ 806,189    31  % $ 737,928    34  %
PPP loans 329,157    12    —    —    —    —   
Owner-occupied CRE 495,722    17    496,372    19    447,554    20   
Agricultural 99,020    3    95,450    4    89,250    4   
Commercial
1,653,163    58    1,398,011    54    1,274,732    58   
CRE investment 447,900    16    443,218    17    326,820    15   
Construction & land development 107,277    4    92,970    4    73,108    3   
Commercial real estate
555,177    20    536,188    21    399,928    18   
Commercial-based loans
2,208,340    78    1,934,199    75    1,674,660    76   
Residential construction 51,332    2    54,403    2    38,246    2   
Residential first mortgage 417,694    15    432,167    17    345,061    16   
Residential junior mortgage 114,323    4    122,771    5    116,433    5   
Residential real estate
583,349    21    609,341    24    499,740    23   
Retail & other 29,812    1    30,211    1    28,873    1   
Retail-based loans
613,161    22    639,552    25    528,613    24   
Total loans $ 2,821,501    100  % $ 2,573,751    100  % $ 2,203,273    100  %
Total loans ex. PPP loans $ 2,492,344    88  % $ 2,573,751    100  % $ 2,203,273    100  %
Broadly, the loan portfolio at June 30, 2020, was 78% commercial-based and 22% retail-based. Commercial-based loans are considered to have more inherent risk of default than retail-based loans, in part because of the broader list of factors that could impact a commercial borrower negatively. In addition, the commercial balance per borrower is typically larger than that for retail-based loans, implying higher potential losses on an individual customer basis. Credit risk on commercial-based loans is largely influenced by general economic conditions and the resulting impact on a borrower’s operations or on the value of underlying collateral, if any. PPP loans, however, initially added during second quarter 2020, are fully guaranteed by the SBA, warranting no credit loss provisions.
Commercial-based loans of $2.2 billion increased $274 million or 14% since December 31, 2019, primarily due to the $329 million net carrying value added with the PPP loans, partly offset by declines in the remaining commercial-based loans (mostly commercial lines of credit), as many commercial customers funded their current needs through the PPP loans and exercised caution in this volatile and uncertain business climate. Commercial and industrial loans continue to be the largest segment of Nicolet’s portfolio and represented 26% of the total portfolio at June 30, 2020.
Residential real estate loans of $583 million were down $26 million or 4% from year-end 2019, to represent 21% of total loans at June 30, 2020. Residential first mortgage loans include conventional first-lien home mortgages, while residential junior mortgage real estate loans consist mainly of home equity lines and term loans secured by junior mortgage liens. As part of its management of originating residential mortgage loans, the vast majority of Nicolet’s long-term, fixed-rate residential real estate mortgage loans are sold in the secondary market with servicing rights retained. Nicolet’s mortgage loans are typically of high quality and have historically had low net charge-off rates.
Retail and other loans were relatively unchanged from year-end 2019, and represented approximately 1% of the total loan portfolio, and include predominantly short-term and other personal installment loans not secured by real estate.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
In addition to the discussion that follows, see also Note 1, “Basis of Presentation” and Note 6, “Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans, and Credit Quality,” in the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, for additional disclosures and accounting policy on the allowance for credit losses.
Credit risks within the loan portfolio are inherently different for each loan type as summarized under “BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS — Loans.” A discussion of the loan portfolio credit risk can be found in the “Loans” section in Management's
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Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Credit risk is controlled and monitored through the use of lending standards, a thorough review of potential borrowers, and ongoing review of loan payment performance. Active asset quality administration, including early problem loan identification and timely resolution of problems, aids in the management of credit risk and minimization of loan losses. For additional information regarding nonperforming assets see also “BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS – Nonperforming Assets.”
The ACL-Loans represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. To assess the appropriateness of the ACL-Loans, an allocation methodology is applied by Nicolet which focuses on evaluation of qualitative and environmental factors, including but not limited to: (i) evaluation of facts and issues related to specific loans; (ii) management’s ongoing review and grading of the loan portfolio; (iii) consideration of historical loan loss and delinquency experience on each portfolio segment; (iv) trends in past due and nonperforming loans; (v) the risk characteristics of the various loan segments; (vi) changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio; (vii) concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries; (viii) existing economic conditions; (ix) the fair value of underlying collateral; and (x) other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect expected credit losses. Assessing these numerous factors involves significant judgment; therefore, management considers the ACL-Loans a critical accounting policy.
Management allocates the ACL-Loans by pools of risk within each loan portfolio segment. The allocation methodology consists of the following components. First, a specific reserve is established for individually evaluated credit-deteriorated loans, which management defines as nonaccrual credit relationships over $250,000, all loans determined to be troubled debt restructurings (“restructured loans”), plus other loans with evidence of credit deterioration. The specific reserve in the ACL-Loans for these credit deteriorated loans is equal to the aggregate collateral or discounted cash flow shortfall. Second, management allocates the ACL-Loans with historical loss rates by loan segment. The loss factors are measured on a quarterly basis and applied to each loan segment based on current loan balances and projected for their expected remaining life. Next, management allocates ACL-Loans using the qualitative factors mentioned above. Consideration is given to those current qualitative or environmental factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses as of the evaluation date to differ from the historical loss experience of each loan segment. Lastly, management considers reasonable and supportable forecasts to assess the collectability of future cash flows.
At June 30, 2020, the ACL-Loans was $29.1 million (representing 1.03% of period end loans and 1.17% of loans excluding PPP loans) compared to $14.0 million at December 31, 2019 and $13.6 million at June 30, 2019. The increase in the ACL-Loans was largely due to the $9.3 million impact from the adoption of CECL (comprised of $8.5 million for the CECL impact on loan portfolio and $0.8 million for the PCD gross-up) and a much higher provision for credit losses in 2020 given the unprecedented economic disruptions and uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. The components of the ACL-Loans are detailed further in Table 7 below.
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Table 7: Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
Six Months Ended Year Ended
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 June 30, 2019 December 31, 2019
ACL-Loans:
Balance at beginning of period $ 13,972    $ 13,153    $ 13,153   
Adoption of CECL 8,488    —    —   
Initial PCD ACL 797    —    —   
Total impact for adoption of CECL 9,285    —    —   
Provision for credit losses 6,000    500    1,200   
Charge-offs (216)   (232)   (927)  
Recoveries 89    150    546   
Net (charge-offs) recoveries (127)   (82)   (381)  
Balance at end of period $ 29,130    $ 13,571    $ 13,972   
Net loan (charge-offs) recoveries:
Commercial & industrial $ (37)   $ 50    $ 261   
Owner-occupied CRE —    (11)   (91)  
Agricultural —    —    —   
CRE investment (20)   —    —   
Construction & land development —    —    —   
Residential construction —    —    (226)  
Residential first mortgage 4    35    14   
Residential junior mortgage 15    (31)   (41)  
Retail & other (89)   (125)   (298)  
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries $ (127)   $ (82)   $ (381)  
Ratios:
ACL-Loans to total loans 1.03  % 0.62  % 0.54  %
ACL-Loans to total loans ex. PPP loans 1.17  % 0.62  % 0.54  %
Net charge-offs to average loans, annualized 0.01  % 0.01  % 0.02  %
Net charge-offs to average loans ex. PPP loans, annualized 0.01  % 0.01  % 0.02  %

Nonperforming Assets
As part of its overall credit risk management process, management is committed to an aggressive problem loan identification philosophy. This philosophy has been implemented through the ongoing monitoring and review of all pools of risk in the loan portfolio to ensure that problem loans are identified early and the risk of loss is minimized. Management is actively working with customers and monitoring credit risk from the unprecedented economic disruptions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic as described in further detail in the “Overview” section. Since the pandemic started, over 900 loans (88% commercial and 12% retail) were provided payment modifications on loans totaling $447 million (67% interest only and 33% full payment deferrals) generally for 90 to 120 days. As of July 9, 2020, 24% of these loans have returned to normal payment structures, 11% received a secondary extension to interest only for up to 90 more days (after bringing accrued interest current), and the remainder should end their initial modification periods by early September. See also Note 6, “Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans, and Credit Quality” of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, for additional disclosures on credit quality. For additional information see also “BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS – Loans” and “BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS – Allowance for Credit Losses-Loans.”
Nonperforming loans are considered one indicator of potential future loan losses. Nonperforming loans are defined as nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due but still accruing interest. Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments. Additionally, whenever management becomes aware of facts or circumstances that may adversely impact the collectability of principal or interest on loans, it is management’s practice to place such loans on nonaccrual status immediately. Nonaccrual loans decreased to $12 million at June 30, 2020, compared to $14 million at December 31, 2019, largely due to pay downs on a few larger credits. Nonperforming assets (which include nonperforming loans and other real estate owned “OREO”) were $13 million at June 30, 2020 compared to $15 million at December 31, 2019. OREO was $1 million at both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
The level of potential problem loans is another predominant factor in determining the relative level of risk in the loan portfolio and in determining the appropriate level of the ACL-Loans. Potential problem loans are generally defined by management to include loans rated as Substandard by management but that are in performing status; however, there are circumstances present which might adversely affect the ability of the borrower to comply with present repayment terms. The decision of management
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to include performing loans in potential problem loans does not necessarily mean that Nicolet expects losses to occur, but that management recognizes a higher degree of risk associated with these loans. The loans that have been reported as potential problem loans are predominantly commercial-based loans covering a diverse range of businesses and real estate property types. Potential problem loans were $30 million (1.1% of loans) and $23 million (0.9% of loans) at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Potential problem loans require a heightened management review of the pace at which a credit may deteriorate, the duration of asset quality stress, and uncertainty around the magnitude and scope of economic stress that may be felt by Nicolet’s customers and on underlying real estate values.
Table 8: Nonperforming Assets
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 June 30, 2019
Nonperforming loans:
Commercial & industrial $ 4,142    $ 6,249    $ 2,673   
Owner-occupied CRE 3,005    3,311    2,462   
Agricultural 1,711    1,898    828   
Commercial 8,858    11,458    5,963   
CRE investment 975    1,073    175   
Construction & land development 533    20    —   
Commercial real estate 1,508    1,093    175   
Commercial-based loans 10,366    12,551    6,138   
Residential construction —    —    451   
Residential first mortgage 1,067    1,090    739   
Residential junior mortgage 565    480    314   
Residential real estate 1,632    1,570    1,504   
Retail & other —    1    8   
Retail-based loans
1,632    1,571    1,512   
Total nonaccrual loans
11,998    14,122    7,650   
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more —    —    —   
Total nonperforming loans
$ 11,998    $ 14,122    $ 7,650   
OREO:
Commercial real estate owned $ —    $ —    $ 300   
Residential real estate owned —    —    —   
Bank property real estate owned 1,000    1,000    —   
Total OREO
1,000    1,000    300   
Total nonperforming assets
$ 12,998    $ 15,122    $ 7,950   
Performing troubled debt restructurings $ —    $ 452    $ 466   
Ratios:
Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.43  % 0.55  % 0.35  %
Nonperforming assets to total loans plus OREO 0.46  % 0.59  % 0.36  %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.29  % 0.42  % 0.26  %
ACL-Loans to nonperforming loans 242.8  % 98.9  % 177.4  %

Deposits
Deposits represent Nicolet’s largest source of funds. The deposit composition is presented in Table 9 below.
Total deposits of $3.5 billion at June 30, 2020, increased $583 million (20%) over December 31, 2019, and was a large contributor to the heavy cash position at the end of the quarter. This unusually large increase in deposits was influenced by the very uncertain times, government stimulus payments and pandemic stay-at-home orders, which reduced spending and increased liquidity of consumers and businesses, and by PPP loan proceeds retained on deposit by corporate borrowers. Noninterest-bearing demand deposits accounted for the largest increase since December 31, 2019, up $269 million (33%), primarily due to the deposited PPP loan proceeds. Transaction accounts combined (i.e., savings, money market, and interest-bearing demand) increased $189 million (12%) to $1.7 billion at June 30, 2020, and brokered deposits grew $186 million (116%) to $346 million, mainly due to our liquidity build executed in March-April offset partly by maturities of acquired brokered deposits, while core time deposits declined $61 million (14%) to $378 million, largely moving into transaction accounts.
Compared to June 30, 2019, total deposits were up $1.0 billion or 39%. The increase in total deposits since June 30, 2019 was largely due to the liquidity objectives of customers and the Bank in very uncertain times (as discussed above), as well as the acquisition of Choice, which added $289 million of deposits at acquisition.

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Table 9: Period End Deposit Composition
June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 June 30, 2019
(in thousands) Amount % of Total Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 1,087,884    31  % $ 819,055    28  % $ 743,380    29  %
Money market and interest-bearing demand 1,350,009    38  % 1,241,642    42  % 1,054,256    41  %
Savings 414,110    12  % 343,199    11  % 318,947    13  %
Time 685,802    19  % 550,557    19  % 420,056    17  %
Total deposits
$ 3,537,805    100  % $ 2,954,453    100  % $ 2,536,639    100  %
Brokered transaction accounts $ 38,883    1  % $ 48,497    1  % $ 37,020    1  %
Brokered and listed time deposits 307,503    9  % 111,694    4  % 17,100    1  %
Total brokered deposits
$ 346,386    10  % $ 160,191    5  % $ 54,120    2  %
Customer transaction accounts $ 2,813,120    79  % $ 2,355,399    80  % $ 2,079,563    82  %
Customer time deposits 378,299    11  % 438,863    15  % 402,956    16  %
Total customer deposits (core)
$ 3,191,419    90  % $ 2,794,262    95  % $ 2,482,519    98  %

Lending-Related Commitments
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Nicolet had the following off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.
Table 10: Commitments
(in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Commitments to extend credit $ 911,573    $ 773,555   
Financial standby letters of credit 8,871    10,730   
Performance standby letters of credit 8,690    8,469   
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale (included above in commitments to extend credit) and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans held for sale are considered derivative instruments (“mortgage derivatives”) and represented $155 million and $99 million, respectively, at June 30, 2020. In comparison, interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans held for sale represented $43 million and $16 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019. The net fair value of these mortgage derivatives combined was a loss of $9,000 at June 30, 2020 compared to a gain of $79,000 at December 31, 2019.

Liquidity Management
Liquidity management refers to the ability to ensure that cash is available in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers and to meet other commitments as they fall due, including the ability to service debt, invest in subsidiaries, repurchase common stock, pay dividends to shareholders (if any), and satisfy other operating requirements.
Given the stable core customer deposit base, fairly consistent patterns of activity in the core deposit base (including extra growth in core deposits during the pandemic as previously discussed), and the minimal use of capacity available in numerous non-core funding sources, Nicolet's liquidity levels and resources have been sufficient to fund loans, accommodate deposit trends and cycles, and to meet other cash needs as necessary. In early March-April 2020, in response to the emerging crisis, management initiated preparatory actions to further increase on-balance sheet liquidity, and brokered deposits of approximately $200 million were procured, increasing liquid cash. These actions were initiated prior to the passing of the CARES Act. In addition to the on-balance sheet liquidity build, remaining liquidity facilities continue to provide capacity and flexibility in an uncertain time. Funds are available from a number of basic banking activity sources including, but not limited to, the core deposit base; repayment and maturity of loans; investment securities calls, maturities, and sales; and procurement of additional brokered deposits or other wholesale funding. All securities AFS and equity securities (included in other investments) are reported at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. At June 30, 2020, approximately 31% of the $511 million securities AFS portfolio was pledged to secure public deposits and short-term borrowings, as applicable, and for other purposes as required by law. Additional funding sources at June 30, 2020, consist of $175 million of available and unused Federal funds lines, available borrowing capacity at the FHLB of $164 million, and borrowing capacity in the brokered deposit market.
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $823 million and $182 million, respectively. The increase in cash and cash equivalents since year-end 2019 was largely attributable to the significant increase in deposits, influenced by government stimulus payments and pandemic stay-at-home orders, which reduced spending and increased liquidity of consumers and businesses in these uncertain times, and PPP loan proceeds retained on deposit by corporate
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borrowers, as well as our own liquidity actions in March-April. Management believes its liquidity resources were sufficient as of June 30, 2020 to fund loans, accommodate deposit cycles and trends, and to meet other cash needs as necessary in these unsettled times.
Management is committed to the parent Company being a source of strength to the Bank and its other subsidiaries, and therefore, regularly evaluates capital and liquidity positions of the parent Company in light of current and projected needs, growth or strategies. The parent Company uses cash for normal expenses, debt service requirements, and when opportune, for common stock repurchases or investment in other strategic actions such as mergers or acquisitions. Dividends from the Bank and, to a lesser extent, stock option exercises, represent significant sources of cash flows for the parent Company. Among others, additional cash sources available to the parent Company include access to the public or private markets to issue new equity, subordinated debt or other debt. At June 30, 2020, the parent Company had $64 million in cash.

Interest Rate Sensitivity Management and Impact of Inflation
A reasonable balance between interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and maintenance of yield, is highly important to Nicolet’s business success and profitability. As an ongoing part of its financial strategy and risk management, Nicolet attempts to understand and manage the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on its net interest income. The consolidated balance sheet consists mainly of interest-earning assets (loans, investments and cash) which are primarily funded by interest-bearing liabilities (deposits and other borrowings). Such financial instruments have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in market rates of interest. Market rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including but not limited to general economic conditions and policies of governmental and regulatory authorities. Our operating income and net income depends, to a substantial extent, on “rate spread” (i.e., the difference between the income earned on loans, investments and other earning assets and the interest expense paid to obtain deposits and other funding liabilities).
Asset-liability management policies establish guidelines for acceptable limits on the sensitivity to changes in interest rates on earnings and market value of assets and liabilities. Such policies are set and monitored by management and the board of directors’ Asset and Liability Committee.
To understand and manage the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income, Nicolet measures its overall interest rate sensitivity through a net interest income analysis, which calculates the change in net interest income in the event of hypothetical changes in interest rates under different scenarios versus a baseline scenario. Such scenarios can involve static balance sheets, balance sheets with projected growth, parallel (or non-parallel) yield curve slope changes, immediate or gradual changes in market interest rates, and one-year or longer time horizons. The simulation modeling uses assumptions involving market spreads, prepayments of rate-sensitive instruments, renewal rates on maturing or new loans, deposit retention rates, and other assumptions.
Among other scenarios, Nicolet assessed the impact on net interest income in the event of a gradual +/-100 bps and +/-200 bps change in market rates (parallel to the change in prime rate) over a one-year time horizon to a static (flat) balance sheet. The results provided include the liquidity measures mentioned earlier and reflect the changed interest rate environment in response to the current crisis. The interest rate scenarios are used for analytical purposes only and do not necessarily represent management’s view of future market interest rate movements. Based on financial data at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the projected changes in net interest income over a one-year time horizon, versus the baseline, are presented in Table 11 below. The results are within Nicolet’s guidelines of not greater than -10% for +/- 100 bps and not greater than -15% for +/- 200 bps and given the relatively short nature of the Company's balance sheet, reflect a largely unchanged risk position as expected.
Table 11: Interest Rate Sensitivity
June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
200 bps decrease in interest rates 0.3  % (1.8) %
100 bps decrease in interest rates 0.2  % (1.0) %
100 bps increase in interest rates (0.4) % 0.8  %
200 bps increase in interest rates (0.8) % 1.7  %
Actual results may differ from these simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, as well as changes in market conditions and their impact on customer behavior and management strategies.
The effect of inflation on a financial institution differs significantly from the effect on an industrial company. While a financial institution’s operating expenses, particularly salary and employee benefits, are affected by general inflation, the asset and liability structure of a financial institution consists largely of monetary items. Monetary items, such as cash, investments, loans, deposits and other borrowings, are those assets and liabilities which are or will be converted into a fixed number of dollars regardless of changes in prices. As a result, changes in interest rates have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does general inflation.
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Capital
Management regularly reviews the adequacy of its capital to ensure that sufficient capital is available for current and future needs and is in compliance with regulatory guidelines and actively reviews capital strategies in light of perceived business risks associated with current and prospective earning levels, liquidity, asset quality, economic conditions in the markets served, and level of returns available to shareholders. Management intends to maintain an optimal capital and leverage mix for growth and shareholder return. For details on the change in capital see “BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS.”
The Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios remain above minimum regulatory ratios, including the capital conservation buffer. At June 30, 2020, the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios qualify the Bank as well-capitalized under the prompt-corrective action framework. This strong base of capital has allowed Nicolet to be opportunistic in the current environment and in strategic growth. A summary of Nicolet’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital amounts and ratios, as well as selected capital metrics are presented in the following table.
Table 12: Capital
At or for the Six Months Ended
At or for the
Year Ended
($ in thousands) June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Company Stock Repurchases: *
Common stock repurchased during the period (dollars) $ 13,903    $ 18,701   
Common stock repurchased during the period (full shares) 206,833    310,781   
Company Risk-Based Capital:
Total risk-based capital $ 424,132    $ 404,573   
Tier 1 risk-based capital 395,557    378,608   
Common equity Tier 1 capital 365,071    348,454   
Total capital ratio 14.1  % 13.4  %
Tier 1 capital ratio 13.1  % 12.6  %
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 12.1  % 11.6  %
Tier 1 leverage ratio 10.1  % 11.9  %
Bank Risk-Based Capital:
Total risk-based capital $ 350,078    $ 323,432   
Tier 1 risk-based capital 331,103    309,460   
Common equity Tier 1 capital 331,103    309,460   
Total capital ratio 11.6  % 10.8  %
Tier 1 capital ratio 11.0  % 10.3  %
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 11.0  % 10.3  %
Tier 1 leverage ratio 8.5  % 9.8  %
* Reflects common stock repurchased under board of director authorizations for the common stock repurchase program.
In managing capital for optimal return, we evaluate capital sources and uses, pricing and availability of our stock in the market, and alternative uses of capital (such as the level of organic growth or acquisition opportunities) in light of strategic plans. The Company's share repurchase program was temporarily suspended effective March 21, 2020, in response to the uncertain future economic conditions due to the pandemic. Management intends to resume repurchases given current conditions, market opportunities and financial performance of the Company. At June 30, 2020, there remained $7.1 million authorized under this repurchase program, as modified, to be utilized from time-to-time to repurchase shares in the open market, through block transactions or in private transactions.

Critical Accounting Policies
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the valuation of loan acquisition transactions, as well as the determination of the allowance for credit losses and income taxes. A discussion of these policies can be found in the “Critical Accounting Policies” section in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no changes in the Company’s determination of critical accounting policies since December 31, 2019. See also Note 1, “Basis of Presentation” of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1, for changes to the Company's accounting policies on loans and the allowance for credit losses due to the adoption of CECL.
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Future Accounting Pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements adopted are included in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation” of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements within Part I, Item 1.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. It provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The updated guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of reference rate reform on its consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See section “Interest Rate Sensitivity Management and Impact of Inflation” within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under Part I, Item 2.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management, under the supervision, and with the participation, of our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15). Based upon, and as of the date of such evaluation, the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls or, to the Company’s knowledge, in other factors during the quarter covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We and our subsidiaries may be involved from time to time in various routine legal proceedings incidental to our respective businesses. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries are currently engaged in any legal proceedings that are expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as disclosed below.
The recent global coronavirus outbreak could harm business and results of operations for Nicolet.
In December 2019, a coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported in China, and has since spread to additional countries including the United States. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus to be a pandemic. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the businesses of Nicolet and on its customers, and there is no guarantee that efforts by Nicolet to address the adverse impacts of the coronavirus will be effective. The impact to date has included periods of significant volatility in financial, commodities and other markets. This volatility, if it continues, could have an adverse impact on Nicolet’s customers and on Nicolet’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Nicolet may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by business disruptions.
In addition, recent actions by U.S. federal, state and foreign governments to address the pandemic, including travel bans and school, business and entertainment venue closures, may also have a significant adverse effect on the markets in which Nicolet conducts its businesses. The extent of impacts resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and other events beyond the control of Nicolet will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information
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which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus pandemic and actions taken to contain the coronavirus or its impact, among others.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Following are Nicolet’s monthly common stock purchases during the second quarter of 2020.
Total Number of
Shares Purchased (a)
Average Price
Paid per Share 		Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet
Be Purchased Under
the Plans
or Programs (b)
(#) ($) (#) (#)
Period
April 1 – April 30, 2020 66    $ 55.66    —    342,200   
May 1 – May 31, 2020 1,028    $ 48.62    —    342,200   
June 1 – June 30, 2020 —    $ —    —    342,200   
Total 1,094    $ 49.04    —    342,200   
(a)During second quarter 2020, the Company repurchased 66 common shares for minimum tax withholding settlements on restricted stock and repurchased 1,028 common shares to satisfy the exercise price and / or tax withholding requirements of stock options, respectively. These purchases do not count against the maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the board of directors' authorization.
(b)Nicolet temporarily suspended its share repurchase program on March 21, 2020; therefore, there were no common stock repurchases during second quarter 2020. At June 30, 2020, approximately $7.1 million remained available under this common stock repurchase program.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed herewith:
Exhibit
Number 		Description
10.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INS
The XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Date File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (2)
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
(1) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 in the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 18, 2020.
(2) Includes the following financial information included in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
NICOLET BANKSHARES, INC.
July 31, 2020 /s/ Robert B. Atwell
Robert B. Atwell
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
July 31, 2020 /s/ Ann K. Lawson
Ann K. Lawson
Chief Financial Officer

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