Quarterly Report (10-q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___________________TO _______________________

Commission File number 000-25001

FedNat Holding Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Florida						65-0248866
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(IRS Employer Identification Number)

14050 N.W. 14th Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, FL						33323
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

800-293-2532

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	FNHC	Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer," “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer ¨

Accelerated Filer

Non-accelerated Filer ¨

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of May 1, 2020, the registrant had 13,673,319 shares of common stock outstanding.

FEDNAT HOLDING COMPANY

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION			PAGE

ITEM 1	Financial Statements	3

ITEM 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31

ITEM 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	40

ITEM 4	Controls and Procedures	41

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1	Legal Proceedings	42

ITEM 1A	Risk Factors	42

ITEM 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42

ITEM 3	Defaults upon Senior Securities	43

ITEM 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	43

ITEM 5	Other Information	43

ITEM 6	Exhibits	44

SIGNATURES			45

-2-

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

FEDNAT HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

໿


	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
ASSETS
Investments:
Debt securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $534,551 and $512,645, respectively)	$	542,835	$	526,265
Debt securities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance of $2 and $0, respectively	4,271		4,337
Equity securities, at fair value	17,324		20,039
Total investments	564,430		550,641
Cash and cash equivalents	123,190		133,361
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	89,465		145,659
Premiums receivable, net of allowance of $189 and $159, respectively	38,337		41,422
Reinsurance recoverable, net of allowance of $53 and $0, respectively	261,150		209,615
Deferred acquisition costs and value of business acquired, net	57,715		56,136
Current and deferred income taxes, net	2,358		2,552
Goodwill	10,997		10,997
Other assets	29,456		28,633
Total assets	$	1,177,098	$	1,179,016

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	$	375,675	$	324,362
Unearned premiums	358,258		360,870
Reinsurance payable	63,051		102,467
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $1,438 and $1,478, respectively	98,562		98,522
Deferred revenue	6,770		6,856

Other liabilities	35,608		37,246
Total liabilities	937,924		930,323

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 11)

Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 25,000,000 shares authorized; 13,949,971 and 14,414,821 issued and outstanding, respectively	139		144
Additional paid-in capital	168,130		167,677
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	6,253		10,281
Retained earnings	64,652		70,591
Total shareholders’ equity	239,174		248,693
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,177,098	$	1,179,016

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-3-

FEDNAT HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$	105,910	$	88,784
Net investment income	3,892		3,710
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(2,825)		2,301
Direct written policy fees	3,466		2,391
Other income	5,256		4,011
Total revenues	115,699		101,197

Costs and expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	68,930		66,839
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	36,355		28,234
General and administrative expenses	6,245		6,311
Interest expense	1,915		5,051
Total costs and expenses	113,445		106,435

Income (loss) before income taxes	2,254		(5,238)
Income tax expense (benefit)	121		(1,373)
Net income (loss)	$	2,133	$	(3,865)



Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic	$	0.15	$	(0.30)
Diluted	$	0.15	$	(0.30)

Weighted Average Number of Shares of Common Stock Outstanding
Basic	14,249		12,795
Diluted	14,312		12,795

Dividends Declared Per Common Share	$	0.09	$	0.08

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-4-

FEDNAT HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019

Net income (loss)	$	2,133	$	(3,865)

Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, available-for-sale, net of tax	(4,028)		6,888
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,895)	$	3,023

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-5-

FEDNAT HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

໿





								Accumulated
			Common Stock					Additional		Other				Total
	Preferred		Issued			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Retained		Shareholders'
	Stock		Shares	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Earnings		Equity
Balance as of January 1, 2020	$	—	14,414,821	$	144	$	167,677	$	10,281	$	70,591	$	248,693
Cumulative effect of new accounting standards	—		—	—		—		—		(25)		(25)
Net income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—		2,133		2,133
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		(4,028)		—		(4,028)
Dividends declared	—		—	—		—		—		(1,302)		(1,302)
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans	—		58,733	—		—		—		—		—
Repurchases of common stock	—		(523,583)	(5)		—		—		(6,745)		(6,750)
Share-based compensation	—		—	—		453		—		—		453
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	—	13,949,971	$	139	$	168,130	$	6,253	$	64,652	$	239,174





								Accumulated
			Common Stock					Additional		Other				Total
	Preferred		Issued			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Retained		Shareholders'
	Stock		Shares	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Earnings		Equity
Balance as of January 1, 2019	$	—	12,784,444	$	128	$	141,128	$	(3,750)	$	77,753	$	215,259
Net income (loss)	—		—	—		—		—		(3,865)		(3,865)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—	—		—		6,888		—		6,888
Dividends declared	—		—	—		—		—		(1,041)		(1,041)


Shares issued under share-based compensation plans	—		51,957	—		—		—		—		—

Share-based compensation	—		—	—		675		—		—		675
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	—	12,836,401	$	128	$	141,803	$	3,138	$	72,847	$	217,916

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-6-

FEDNAT HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	2,133	$	(3,865)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses	2,825		(2,301)
Loss (gain) on early extinguishment of debt	—		3,575
Amortization of investment premium or discount, net	400		197
Depreciation and amortization	465		355
Share-based compensation	453		675
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	56,194		38,719
Premiums receivable, net	3,085		7,107
Reinsurance recoverable, net	(51,567)		(90,498)
Deferred acquisition costs and value of business acquired, net	(1,579)		(796)
Income taxes, net	1,510		(1,146)
Deferred revenue	(86)		(18)
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	51,313		77,894
Unearned premiums	(2,612)		(6,132)
Reinsurance payable	(39,416)		(32,200)
Other	(1,745)		1,639
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	21,373		(6,795)
Cash flow from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	2,056		1,506
Proceeds from sales of debt securities	103,118		49,174
Purchases of equity securities	(3,428)		(2,188)
Purchases of debt securities	(134,971)		(62,741)
Maturities and redemptions of debt securities	10,850		8,271

Purchases of property and equipment	(1,224)		(486)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(23,599)		(6,464)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs	—		98,464
Payment of long-term debt and prepayment penalties	—		(48,000)

Purchases of FedNat Holding Company common stock	(6,643)		—

Dividends paid	(1,302)		(1,039)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(7,945)		49,425
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(10,171)		36,166
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning-of-period	133,361		64,423
Cash and cash equivalents at end-of-period	$	123,190	$	100,589

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-7-

FEDNAT HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

(Continued)

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) during the period for interest	$	3,750	$	902
Cash paid (received) during the period for income taxes	$	(811)	$	(277)

Significant non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Right-of-use asset	$	(7,938)	$	(8,103)
Lease liability	$	7,938	$	8,103

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-8-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2020

1. ORGANIZATION, CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization

FedNat Holding Company (“FNHC,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a regional insurance holding company that controls substantially all aspects of the insurance underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and contractual relationships with independent agents and general agents. We, through our wholly owned subsidiaries, are authorized to underwrite and/or place homeowners multi-peril (“homeowners”), federal flood and other lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service our own and third-party insurers’ products and other services through a network of independent and general agents.

FedNat Insurance Company (“FNIC”), our largest wholly owned insurance subsidiary, is licensed as an admitted carrier to write homeowners property and casualty insurance by the state’s insurance departments, in Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi.

Maison Insurance Company ("MIC"), an insurance subsidiary, is licensed as an admitted carrier to write homeowners property and casualty insurance as well as wind/hail-only exposures by the state's insurance departments in Louisiana, Texas and Florida.

Monarch National Insurance Company (“MNIC”), an insurance subsidiary, is licensed as an admitted carrier to write homeowners property and casualty insurance in Florida.

Material Distribution Relationships

Ivantage Select Agency, Inc.

The Company is a party to an insurance agency master agreement with Ivantage Select Agency, Inc. (“ISA”), an affiliate of Allstate Insurance Company (“Allstate”), pursuant to which the Company has been authorized by ISA to appoint Allstate agents to offer our FNIC homeowners insurance products to consumers in Florida. As a percentage of the total homeowners premiums we underwrote, 20.5% and 22.8% were from Allstate’s network of Florida agents, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

SageSure Insurance Managers, LLC

The Company is a party to a managing general underwriting agreement with SageSure Insurance Managers, LLC (“SageSure”) to facilitate growth in our FNIC homeowners business outside of Florida. As a percentage of the total homeowners premiums, 24.2% and 19.6% of the Company’s premiums were underwritten by SageSure, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As part of our partnership with SageSure, we entered into a profit share agreement, whereby we share 50% of net profits of this line of business, as calculated per the terms of the agreement, subject to certain limitations. The profit share cost is reflected in commissions and underwriting expenses on our consolidated statement of operations.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FNHC and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and all entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest and any variable interest entity (“VIE”) of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company’s management believes the consolidated financial statements reflect all material adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods presented. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company identifies a VIE as an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its own activities without additional financial support or where the equity investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest. The Company assesses its contractual, ownership or other interests in a VIE to determine if the Company’s interest participates in the variability the VIE was designed to absorb and pass onto variable interest holders. The Company performs an ongoing qualitative assessment of its variable interests in a VIE to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest and would therefore be considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE. If the Company determines it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the Company consolidates the assets and liabilities of the VIE in its consolidated financial statements.

-9-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES

Our significant accounting policies were described in Note 2 of our 2019 Form 10-K. Other than the changes noted in "Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Adopted" below, there have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The Company prepares the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results may materially differ from those estimates.

Similar to other property and casualty insurers, the Company’s liability for loss and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE") reserves, although supported by actuarial projections and other data, is ultimately based on management’s reasoned expectations of future events. Although considerable variability is inherent in these estimates, the Company believes that the liability and LAE reserve is adequate. The Company reviews and evaluates its estimates and assumptions regularly and makes adjustments, reflected in current operations, as necessary, on an ongoing basis.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the measurement of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The update requires entities to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount, as currently performed under the other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") model. The update also requires enhanced disclosures for financial assets measured at amortized cost and available-for-sale debt securities to help the financial statement users better understand significant judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2020, by reflecting a cumulative effect adjustment of less than $0.1 million, after-tax, which decreased retained earnings, held-to-maturity debt securities and reinsurance recoverable.

Refer to Note 7 for additional information regarding allowances for credit loss.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in Accounting Standards Codification 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to defer and recognize as an asset. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2020, which did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-1, Accounting for Equity Securities and Equity Investments, which clarifies the interaction between accounting standards related to equity securities (Topic 321), equity method investments (Topic 323), and certain derivatives (Topic 815). The update clarifies that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321 immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the early stage of evaluating the impact that the update will have on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

-10-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

3. ACQUISITIONS

On December 2, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of the insurance operations of 1347 Property Insurance Holdings, Inc. ("PIH"). Specifically, the Company purchased from PIH all of the outstanding equity of MIC, Maison Managers, Inc., and ClaimCor LLC (collectively, the "Maison Companies"). The Maison Companies provide multi-peril and wind/hail only coverage to personal residential dwellings and manufactured/mobile homes in Louisiana, Texas and Florida. The acquisition enables us to increase geographic diversification of our book of business outside Florida and generate additional business with operating synergies and general and administrative expense savings.

Revenues and net income of the business acquired were $15.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations of the Company assume that the acquisition of the Maison Companies was completed on January 1, 2019:

Three

Months

Ended

March 31, 2019

(In thousands)

Revenue

118,621

Net income (loss)

(3,395)

Pro forma adjustments include the revenue and net income (loss) of the Maison Companies for each period as well as estimates for amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired and fair value adjustments associated with investments, VOBA (different than deferred acquisition costs) and reinsurance recoverable. Other pro forma adjustments include the incremental increase to interest expense attributable to financing the acquisition and the impact of reflecting acquisition and integration costs earlier in 2019.

For more information regarding our acquisition, refer to Note 3 of our 2019 Form 10-K.

4. FAIR VALUE

Fair Value Disclosures of Financial Instruments

The Company accounts for financial instruments at fair value or the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are based on market data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. All assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1 - Quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets is defined as a market where transactions for the financial statement occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis, or observable inputs.

•Level 2 - Quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities and valuations, using models or other valuation techniques using observable market data. Significant other observable that can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3 - Instruments that use non-binding broker quotes or model driven valuations that do not have observable market data or those that are estimated based on an ownership interest to which a proportionate share of net assets is attributed.

If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

-11-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

The Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level of the fair value hierarchy of inputs used consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Debt securities - available-for-sale, at fair value:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	66,033	$	130,330	$	—	$	196,363
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		22,298		—		22,298
Corporate securities	—		293,730		—		293,730
International securities	—		30,444		—		30,444
Debt securities, at fair value	66,033		476,802		—		542,835

Equity securities, at fair value	13,720		3,604		—		17,324

Total investments, at fair value	$	79,753	$	480,406	$	—	$	560,159

໿


	December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Debt securities - available-for-sale, at fair value:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	83,764	$	110,429	$	—	$	194,193
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		24,020		—		24,020
Corporate securities	—		278,302		—		278,302
International securities	—		29,750		—		29,750
Debt securities, at fair value	83,764		442,501		—		526,265

Equity securities, at fair value	17,361		2,678		—		20,039

Total investments, at fair value	$	101,125	$	445,179	$	—	$	546,304

Held-to-maturity debt securities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at amortized cost and disclosed at fair value below (and in Note 5) and the level of fair value hierarchy of inputs used consisted of the following:


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2020	$	3,439	$	822	$	—	$	4,261
December 31, 2019	3,453		878		—		4,331

We measure the fair value of our securities based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the security. The most appropriate valuation methodology is selected based on the specific characteristics of the security, and we consistently apply the valuation methodology to measure the security’s fair value. Our fair value measurement is based on a market approach that utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable securities. We review the third-party pricing methodologies on a quarterly basis and validate the fair value prices to a separate independent data service and ensure there are no material differences. Additionally, market indicators, industry and economic events are monitored.

-12-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

A summary of the significant valuation techniques and market inputs for each financial instrument carried at fair value includes the following:

•United States Government Obligations and Authorities - In determining the fair value for United States government securities in Level 1, the Company uses quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical or similar assets. In determining the fair value for United States government securities in Level 2, the Company uses the market approach utilizing primary valuation inputs including reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

•Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - In determining the fair value for state and municipal securities, the Company uses the market approach utilizing primary valuation inputs including reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

•Corporate and International Securities - In determining the fair value for corporate securities the Company uses the market approach utilizing primary valuation inputs including reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads (for investment grade securities), observations of equity and credit default swap curves (for high-yield corporates), reference data and industry and economic events.

•Equity Securities - In determining the fair value for equity securities in Level 1, the Company uses quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical or similar assets. In determining the fair value for equity securities in Level 2, the Company uses the market approach utilizing primary valuation inputs including reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

We did not have securities trading in less liquid or illiquid markets with limited or no pricing information, therefore we did not use unobservable inputs to measure fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Additionally, we did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019, and we noted no significant changes in our valuation methodologies between those periods.

There were no changes to the Company’s valuation methodology and the Company is not aware of any events or circumstances that would have a significant adverse effect on the carrying value of its assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. There were no transfers between the fair value hierarchy levels during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

-13-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

5. INVESTMENTS

Unrealized Gains and Losses

The difference between amortized cost or cost and estimated fair value and gross unrealized gains and losses, by major investment category, consisted of the following:

໿


	Amortized		Gross		Gross
	Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized
	or Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
March 31, 2020
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	187,452	$	8,924	$	13	$	196,363
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	21,935		400		37		22,298
Corporate	293,927		5,745		5,942		293,730
International	31,237		324		1,117		30,444
	534,551		15,393		7,109		542,835

Debt securities - held-to-maturity:
United States government obligations and authorities	3,555		53		65		3,543
Corporate	671		7		6		672
International	45		1		—		46
	4,271		61		71		4,261
Total investments, excluding equity securities	$	538,822	$	15,454	$	7,180	$	547,096

໿


	Amortized		Gross		Gross
	Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized
	or Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
December 31, 2019
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	191,546	$	3,073	$	426	$	194,193
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	23,748		294		22		24,020
Corporate	268,182		10,252		132		278,302
International	29,169		593		12		29,750
	512,645		14,212		592		526,265

Debt securities - held-to-maturity:
United States government obligations and authorities	3,585		12		39		3,558
Corporate	697		20		—		717
International	55		1		—		56
	4,337		33		39		4,331
Total investments, excluding equity securities	$	516,982	$	14,245	$	631	$	530,596

-14-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

Net Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses

The Company calculates the gain or loss realized on the sale of investments by comparing the sales price (fair value) to the cost or amortized cost of the security sold. Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific identification method.

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized in earnings, by major investment category, consisted of the following:

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Gross realized and unrealized gains:
Debt securities	$	1,386	$	317
Equity securities	319		2,830
Total gross realized and unrealized gains	1,705		3,147

Gross realized and unrealized losses:
Debt securities	(148)		(400)
Equity securities	(4,382)		(446)
Total gross realized and unrealized losses	(4,530)		(846)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments	$	(2,825)	$	2,301

The above line item, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments, includes the following equity securities gains (losses) recognized in earnings:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$	(4,063)	$	2,384
Less:
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on securities sold	(635)		326
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period still held as of the end-of-period	$	(3,428)	$	2,058

-15-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

Contractual Maturity

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or pre-pay obligations.

Amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities, by contractual maturity, consisted of the following:

໿


	March 31, 2020
	Amortized
	Cost		Fair Value
Securities with Maturity Dates	(In thousands)
Debt securities, available-for-sale:
One year or less	$	33,374	$	33,413
Over one through five years	170,802		171,418
Over five through ten years	158,874		161,147
Over ten years	171,501		176,857
	534,551		542,835
Debt securities, held-to-maturity:
One year or less	285		286
Over one through five years	3,846		3,833
Over five through ten years	39		39
Over ten years	101		103
	4,271		4,261
Total	$	538,822	$	547,096

Net Investment Income

Net investment income consisted of the following:

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Interest income	$	3,822	$	3,657
Dividends income	70		53
Net investment income	$	3,892	$	3,710

-16-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

Aging of Gross Unrealized Losses

Gross unrealized losses and related fair values for debt securities, grouped by duration of time in a continuous unrealized loss position, consisted of the following:

໿


	Less than 12 months						12 months or longer						Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
					(In thousands)
March 31, 2020
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	810	$	1	$	268	$	12	$	1,078	$	13
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	5,544		37		—		—		5,544		37
Corporate	117,591		5,754		—		188		117,591		5,942
International	13,330		1,079		132		38		13,462		1,117
	137,275		6,871		400		238		137,675		7,109

Debt securities, held-to-maturity:
United States government obligations and authorities	—		—		2,222		65		2,222		65
Corporate	235		6		—		—		235		6
International	—		—		—		—		—		—
	235		6		2,222		65		2,457		71
Total investments, excluding equity securities	$	137,510	$	6,877	$	2,622	$	303	$	140,132	$	7,180


	Less than 12 months						12 months or longer						Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
					(In thousands)
December 31, 2019
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	49,833	$	409	$	2,218	$	17	$	52,051	$	426
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	6,810		22		—		—		6,810		22
Corporate	15,872		94		7,694		38		23,566		132
International	3,856		10		179		2		4,035		12
	76,371		535		10,091		57		86,462		592

Debt securities, held-to-maturity:
United States government obligations and authorities	—		—		2,287		39		2,287		39
Corporate	—		—		—		—		—		—
International	—		—		—		—		—		—
	—		—		2,287		39		2,287		39
Total investments, excluding equity securities	$	76,371	$	535	$	12,378	$	96	$	88,749	$	631

-17-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

As of March 31, 2020, the Company held a total of 522 debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 15 securities were in an unrealized loss position continuously for 12 months or more. As of December 31, 2019, the Company held a total of 203 debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 24 securities were in an unrealized loss position continuously for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses associated with these securities consisted primarily of losses related to corporate securities.

Collateral Deposits

Cash and cash equivalents and investments, the majority of which were debt securities, with fair values of $9.5 million and $11.2 million, were deposited with governmental authorities and into custodial bank accounts as required by law or contractual obligations as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

6. REINSURANCE

Overview

Reinsurance is used to mitigate the exposure to losses, manage capacity and protect capital resources. The Company reinsures (cedes) a portion of written premiums on an excess of loss or a quota-share basis in order to limit the Company’s loss exposure. To the extent that reinsuring companies are unable to meet their obligations assumed under these reinsurance agreements, the Company remains primarily liable to its policyholders.

The Company is selective in choosing reinsurers and considers numerous factors, the most important of which is the financial stability of the reinsurer or capital specifically pledged to uphold the contract, its history of responding to claims and its overall reputation. In an effort to minimize the Company’s exposure to the insolvency of a reinsurer, the Company evaluates the acceptability and review the financial condition of the reinsurer at least annually with the assistance of the Company’s reinsurance broker.

Significant Reinsurance Contracts

2018-2019 Excess of Loss Reinsurance Programs

With the February 21, 2018 acquisition of the minority interests of MNIC, the Company combined both FNIC and MNIC under a single program allowing the Company to capitalize on efficiencies and scale. FNIC and MNIC’s combined 2018-2019 reinsurance program cost $148.8 million. This amount included $102.7 million for the private reinsurance for the Company’s exposure, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection, along with $46.1 million payable to the FHCF. The combination of private and FHCF reinsurance treaties affords FNIC and MNIC $1.8 billion of aggregate coverage with a maximum single event coverage totaling $1.3 billion, exclusive of retentions. Both FNIC and MNIC maintained their FHCF participation at 75% for the 2018 hurricane season. FNIC’s single event pre-tax retention for a catastrophic event in Florida is $20.0 million, up slightly from the 2017-2018 reinsurance program and MNIC’s single event pre-tax retention for a catastrophic event is $3.0 million, down slightly from the 2017-2018 reinsurance program.

The combined FNIC and MNIC private market excess of loss treaties, covering both Florida and non-Florida exposures, became effective July 1, 2018 and all private layers have prepaid automatic reinstatement protection, which afforded the Company additional coverage for subsequent events. These private market excess of loss treaties structure coverage into layers, with a cascading feature such that substantially all layers attach after $20.0 million in losses for FNIC and after $3.0 million in losses for MNIC. If the aggregate limit of the preceding layer is exhausted, the next layer drops down (cascades) in its place. Additionally, any unused layer protection drops down for subsequent events until exhausted. Given market conditions, FNIC has elected not to purchase any multiple year protection and terminated the second year of the $89.0 million of multiple year protection that FNIC purchased in 2017 on a two-year basis. FNIC also had $156.0 million of multiple year protection that expired on June 30, 2018. The overall reinsurance programs are with reinsurers that currently have an A.M. Best or Standard & Poor’s rating of “A-” or better, or have fully collateralized their maximum potential obligations in dedicated trusts.

FNIC’s non-Florida excess of loss reinsurance treaties afforded us an additional $23.0 million of aggregate coverage with first event coverage totaling $5.0 million and second event coverage totaling $18.0 million, with the incremental $13.0 million of second event coverage applying to hurricane losses only. The end result is a non-Florida retention of $15.0 million for the first event and $2.0 million for the second event though these retentions are reduced to $7.5 million and $1.0 million after taking into account the profit-sharing agreement that FNIC has with the nonaffiliated managing general underwriter that writes FNIC non-Florida property

-18-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

business. FNIC’s non-Florida reinsurance program cost included $2.0 million for this private reinsurance, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection.

2019-2020 Catastrophe Excess of Loss Reinsurance Program

Given the December 2, 2019 acquisition of the Maison Companies, the Company and PIH agreed to combine FNIC, MNIC, and MIC under a single reinsurance program allowing the carriers to capitalize on efficiencies, spread of risk and scale.

The combined reinsurance treaties provide approximately $1.3 billion of single-event reinsurance coverage in excess of a $27 million retention for catastrophic losses on the first event (and $15 million on the second and third events), including hurricanes, and aggregate coverage of $1.9 billion, at an approximate total cost of $224.3 million.

The combined FNIC, MIC and MNIC private market excess of loss treaties, covering both Florida and non-Florida exposures, became effective July 1, 2019 and all private layers have prepaid automatic reinstatement protection, which affords the carriers additional coverage for subsequent events. This private market excess of loss treaty structure breaks coverage into layers, with a cascading feature such that substantially all layers attach after $20 million in losses for FNIC, $2 million in losses for MNIC and $5 million in losses for MIC. For FNIC and MNIC, the second and third event attaches at $10 million per event, on a combined basis. If the aggregate limit of the preceding layer is exhausted, the next layer drops down (cascades) in its place. Additionally, any unused layer protection drops down for subsequent events until exhausted. The overall reinsurance program is with reinsurers that currently have an A.M. Best Company or Standard & Poor’s rating of “A-” or better, or have fully collateralized their maximum potential obligations in dedicated trusts.

As indicated above, FNIC, MIC and MNIC's combined 2019-2020 reinsurance program is estimated to cost $224.3 million. This amount includes approximately $178.9 million for private reinsurance for the carriers’ exposure described above, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection, along with approximately $45.9 million payable to the FHCF. The combination of private and FHCF reinsurance treaties affords FNIC, MNIC, and MIC approximately $1.9 billion of aggregate coverage with a maximum single event coverage totaling approximately $1.3 billion, exclusive of retentions. Each carrier will pay directly its allocated portion of the aggregate reinsurance ceded premium cost. The allocation methodology by which FNIC, MNIC, and MIC determines their share of the premium and distribution of reinsurance recoveries under the combined reinsurance tower is based on catastrophe loss modeling of the separate books of business. Each carrier shares the combined program cost in proportion to its contribution to the total expected loss in each reinsurance layer. Each carrier's reinsurance recoveries will be based on that carrier's contributing share of a given event's total loss. Both FNIC and MNIC maintained their FHCF participation at 75% for the 2019 hurricane season, and MIC increased its FHCF participation to 90%.

FNIC’s non-Florida excess of loss reinsurance treaty affords us an additional $18 million of coverage for a second event, which applies to hurricane losses only. The result is a non-Florida retention of $20 million for FNIC for the first event and $2 million for the second event, although these retentions are reduced to $10 million and $1 million after taking into account the profit-sharing agreement that FNIC has with the non-affiliated managing general underwriter that writes FNIC’s non-Florida property business. FNIC’s non-Florida reinsurance program cost for the above specific coverage approximates $1.8 million for this private reinsurance.

The insurance carriers’ cost and amounts of reinsurance are based on current analysis of exposure to catastrophic risk. The data is subjected to exposure level analysis at various dates through December 31, 2019. This analysis of the carriers’ exposure level in relation to the total exposures to the FHCF and excess of loss treaties may produce changes in retentions, limits and reinsurance premiums in total, and by carrier, as a result of increases or decreases in the carriers’ exposure levels.

Quota-Share Reinsurance Programs

FNIC's reinsurance programs also include quota-share treaties. One such treaty for 30% became effective July 1, 2014, and another for 10% became effective on July 1, 2015 with each running for two years. The combined treaties provided up to a 40% quota-share reinsurance on covered losses for the homeowners’ property and liability insurance program in Florida. The treaties are accounted for as retrospectively rated contracts whereby the estimated ultimate premium or commission is recognized over the period of the contracts.

On July 1, 2016, the 30% quota-share treaty expired on a cut-off basis, which means as of that date the Company retained an incremental 30% of its unearned premiums and losses. On July 1, 2017, the 10% quota-share treaty expired on a cut-off basis, which means as of that date we retained an incremental 10% of the underlying unearned premiums and losses. The reinsurers remain liable for the paid losses occurring during the terms of the treaties, until each treaty is commuted.

-19-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

On July 1, 2017, FNIC bound a 10% quota-share on its Florida homeowners book of business, which excluded named storms, subject to certain limitations. This treaty is not subject to accounting as a retrospectively rated contract. This treaty expired on July 1, 2018 on a cut-off basis, meaning that the reinsurer will not be liable (under this agreement) for losses as a result of occurrences taking place after the date of termination, and the unearned premium previously ceded was returned to FNIC.

On July 1, 2018, FNIC renewed the quota-share treaty on its Florida homeowners book of business, on an in-force, new and renewal basis, excluding named storms, which was initially set at a 2%, cession and is subject to certain limitations. In addition, this quota-share allowed FNIC to prospectively increase or decrease the cession percentage up to three times during the term of the agreement. Effective October 1, 2018, FNIC elected to increase the cession percentage from 2% to 10% on an in-force, new and renewal basis.

The treaty expired on July 1, 2019 on a cut-off basis, meaning that the reinsurer will not be liable (under this agreement) for losses as a result of occurrences taking place after the date of termination, and the unearned premium previously ceded was returned to FNIC.

On July 1, 2019, FNIC renewed the quota-share treaty on its Florida homeowners book of business, on an in-force, new and renewal basis, excluding named storms, which was set at a 10% cession and is subject to certain limitations. In addition, this quota-share allows FNIC the flexibility to prospectively increase or decrease the cession percentage up to three times during the term of the agreement.

The Company’s private passenger automobile quota-share treaties are programs which became effective at different points in the year and cover auto policies across several states.

Associated Trust Agreements

Certain reinsurance agreements require FNIC to secure the credit, regulatory and business risk. Fully funded trust agreements securing these risks totaled less than $0.1 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Reinsurance Recoverable, Net

Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are recognized in a manner consistent with the claims liabilities associated with the reinsurance placement and presented on the consolidated balance sheet as reinsurance recoverable. Reinsurance recoverable, net consisted of the following:

໿


	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses	$	48,544	$	45,186
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses	212,606		164,429
Reinsurance recoverable, net	$	261,150	$	209,615

As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company had reinsurance recoverable of $210.5 million and $163.7 million, respectively as a result of Hurricanes Michael and Irma. All reinsurers in our excess-of-loss reinsurance programs have an A.M. Best or Standard & Poor’s rating of “A-“ or better, or have fully collateralized their maximum potential obligations in dedicated trusts.

-20-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

Net Premiums Written and Net Premiums Earned

Net premiums written and net premiums earned consisted of the following:

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Net Premiums Written
Direct	$	172,962	$	132,233
Ceded	(13,766)		(11,793)
	$	159,196	$	120,440
Net Premiums Earned
Direct	$	175,574	$	138,367
Ceded	(69,664)		(49,583)
	$	105,910	$	88,784

7. ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSS

Overview

There is significant risk and judgment involved in determining estimates of our allowances for credit loss, which reduce the amortized cost of an asset to produce an estimate of the net amount that will be collected over the asset's contractual life. Longer time horizons generally present more uncertainty in expected cash flow. We evaluate the expected credit loss of assets on an individual basis, except in cases where assets collectively share similar risk characteristics where we pool them together. We evaluate and estimate our allowances for credit loss by considering reasonable, relevant and supportable available information.

Activity in the allowances for credit loss, by asset line item on the consolidated balance sheet, is summarized as follows:


	Debt
	Securities,				Reinsurance
	Held-to-		Premiums		Recoverable,
	Maturity		Receivable		Net		Total
	(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	—	$	159	$	—	$	159
Cumulative effect of new accounting standard (1)	1		—		32		33
Credit loss expense (recovery) (2)	1		30		21		52
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	2	$	189	$	53	$	244

(1)Refer to Note 2 above for information about our adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020.

(2)Reflected in commissions and other underwriting expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Accrued investment income is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. We immediately write-off accrued investment income if it becomes uncollectible, therefore we do not measure or record an allowance for credit losses.

-21-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

Investments

Our investment policy is established by the Board of Directors’ Investment Committee and is reviewed on a regular basis. This policy currently limits investment in non-investment-grade debt securities (including high-yield bonds), and limits total investments in preferred stock, common stock and mortgage notes receivable. We also comply with applicable laws and regulations that further restrict the type, quality and concentration of our investments. We do not use any swaps, options, futures or forward contracts to hedge or enhance our investment portfolio.

Our investment portfolio has inherent risks because it contains volatility associated with market pricing and interest rate sensitive instruments, such as bonds, which may be adversely affected by changes in interest rates or credit worthiness. The effects of market volatility, declining economic conditions, such as a U.S. or global economic slowdown, whether due to COVID-19, or other factors, could adversely impact the credit quality of securities in our portfolio and may have unforeseen consequences on the liquidity and financial stability of the issuers of securities we hold.

Our debt securities portfolio includes securities that:

•Are explicitly guaranteed by a sovereign entity that can print its own currency;

•The currency is routinely held by central banks, used in international commerce and commonly viewed as a reserve currency; and

•Have experienced a consistent high credit rating by rating agencies and a long history with no credit losses.

We believe if these governments were to technically default it is reasonable to assume an expectation of immaterial losses, even in the current strained market conditions. Refer to Note 5 above for the balances of these sovereign debt securities, which are reported in the following investment categories:

•United States government obligations and authorities;

•Obligations of states and political subdivisions; and

•International.

For our debt securities, available-for-sale, the fact that a security’s fair value is below its amortized cost is not a decisive indicator of credit loss. In many cases, a security’s fair value may decline due to factors that are unrelated to the issuer’s ability to pay. For this reason, we consider the extent to which fair value is below amortized cost in determining whether a credit-related loss exists. The Company also considers the credit quality rating of the security, with a special emphasis on securities downgraded below investment grade. A comparison is made between the present value of expected future cash flows for a security and its amortized cost. If the present value of future expected cash flows is less than amortized cost, a credit loss is presumed to exist and an allowance for credit losses is established. Management may conclude that a qualitative analysis is sufficient to support its conclusion that the present value of the expected cash flows equals or exceeds a security’s amortized cost. As a result of this review, management concluded that there were no credit-related impairments of our available-for-sale securities as of January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020. Management does not intend to sell available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not “more likely than not” that the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery in their value to their amortized cost basis occurs.

Our equity investments are measured at fair value through net income (loss), therefore they do not require an allowance for credit loss.

We measure and record our valuation allowances for credit losses on our held-to-maturity corporate securities assets by multiplying the probability the asset would default within a given timeframe (“PD”) by the percentage of the asset not expected to be collected upon default, or loss given default (“LGD”), and multiplying that percentage by the amortized cost of the asset. We use market observable data for our PD and LGD assumptions.

-22-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

Premiums Receivable

We do have collectability risk, but our homeowners policy terms are one year or less and our policyholders are dispersed throughout the southeast United States, although the majority of our policyholders are located in Florida.

We write-off premiums receivable if the individual policy becomes uncollectible. Because collectively our premiums receivable share similar risk characteristics, we pool them to measure our valuation allowance for credit losses using an aging method approach. This method applies historical loss rates to levels of delinquency for our policy terms that are one year or less. Based upon historical collectability, adjusted for current and future economic conditions, we have measured and recorded our valuation allowances for premiums receivable.

The aging of our premiums receivable and associated allowance for credit loss as of March 31, 2020 was as follows:


			Days Past Due
	Current		1-29		30-59		60-89		90 plus		0	Total
			(In thousands)
Amortized cost	$	35,822	$	2,507	$	29	$	9	$	159		$	38,526
Allowance for credit loss	—		(26)		(1)		(3)		(159)			(189)
Net	$	35,822	$	2,481	$	28	$	6	$	—		$	38,337

Reinsurance Recoverable

Refer to Note 6 above for details of our efforts to minimize our exposure to losses from a reinsurer’s inability to pay.

We measure and record our valuation allowances for credit losses on our reinsurance recoverables asset by multiplying the PD by the LGD and multiplying the result by the amortized cost of the asset. We use market observable data for our PD and LGD assumptions, and in cases where we are unable to observe LGD, we assume it is 100%.

-23-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

8. LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT RESERVES

The liability for loss and LAE reserves is determined on an individual-case basis for all claims reported. The liability also includes amounts for unallocated expenses, anticipated future claim development and incurred but not reported ("IBNR").

Activity in the liability for loss and LAE reserves is summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Gross reserves, beginning-of-period	$	324,362	$	296,230
Less: reinsurance recoverable (1)	(164,429)		(166,396)
Net reserves, beginning-of-period	159,933		129,834

Incurred loss, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current year	69,365		67,048
Prior year loss development (redundancy) (2)	(117)		721
Ceded losses subject to offsetting experience account adjustments (3)	(295)		(930)
Prior years	(412)		(209)
Amortization of acquisition fair value adjustment	(23)		—
Total incurred loss and LAE, net of reinsurance	68,930		66,839

Paid loss, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current year	13,371		14,868
Prior years	52,423		41,974
Total paid loss and LAE, net of reinsurance	65,794		56,842

Net reserves, end-of-period	163,069		139,831
Plus: reinsurance recoverable (1)	212,606		234,293
Gross reserves, end-of-period	$	375,675	$	374,124

(1)Reinsurance recoverable in this table includes only ceded loss and LAE reserves.

(2)Reflects loss development from prior accident years impacting pre-tax net income. Excludes losses ceded under retrospective reinsurance treaties to the extent there is an offsetting experience account adjustment.

(3)Reflects losses ceded under retrospective reinsurance treaties to the extent there is an offsetting experience account adjustment, such that there is no impact on pre-tax net income (loss).

The establishment of loss reserves is an inherently uncertain process and changes in loss reserve estimates are expected as such estimates are subject to the outcome of future events. The factors influencing changes in claim costs are often difficult to isolate or quantify and developments in paid and incurred losses from historical trends are frequently subject to multiple interpretations. Changes in estimates, or differences between estimates and amounts ultimately paid, are reflected in the operating results of the period during which such adjustments are made.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company experienced $0.1 million of favorable loss and LAE reserve development on prior accident years, which consists of redundancy in the homeowners line of business as a result of lower LAE expenses associated primarily with Hurricane Irma, mostly offset by adverse development in its commercial general liability line of business.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company experienced $0.7 million of favorable loss and LAE reserve redundancy in accident year 2017. The redundancy was the result of lower LAE expenses associated primarily with Hurricane Irma.

-24-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

As previously disclosed, the Company entered into 30% and 10% retrospectively-rated Florida-only property quota-share treaties, which ended on July 1, 2016 and 2017, respectively. These agreements included a profit share (experience account) provision, under which the Company will receive ceded premium adjustments at the end of the treaty to the extent there is a positive balance in the experience account. This experience account is based on paid losses rather than incurred losses. Due to the retrospectively-rated nature of this treaty, when the experience account is positive we cede losses under these treaties as the claims are paid with an equal and offsetting adjustment to ceded premiums (in recognition of the related change to the experience account receivable), with no impact on net income. Conversely, when the experience account is negative, the Company cedes losses on an incurred basis with no offsetting adjustment to ceded premiums, which impacts net income. Loss development can be either favorable or unfavorable regardless of whether the experience account is in a positive or negative position.

9. LONG-TERM DEBT

Refer to Note 8 of our 2019 Form 10-K for information regarding our long-term debt.

10. INCOME TAXES

In response to COVID-19, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or “CARES Act,” was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act contains several relief provisions for corporations and lifts certain deduction limitations originally imposed by the Tax Cut and Jobs Act. The CARES Act, among other things, includes temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses (“NOL”), temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, temporary suspension of certain payment requirements for the employer portion of Social Security taxes and the creation of certain refundable employee retention credits. The Company has been evaluating the various provisions of the CARES Act. As described below, the Company did utilize the NOL provision in the first quarter of 2020.

Our effective income tax rate is the ratio of income tax expense (benefit) over our income (loss) before income taxes. The effective income tax rate was 5.4% and 26.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Differences in the effective tax and the statutory Federal income tax rate of 21% are driven by state income taxes and anticipated annual permanent differences, including estimates for tax-exempt interest, dividends received deduction, and executive compensation as well as NOL carrybacks from the impact of the CARES Act.

The Company had an uncertain tax position of $0.4 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company does not have a valuation allowance on its deferred income tax asset as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense (benefit) in the consolidated statements of operations and statements of comprehensive income (loss). For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized no benefit related to an uncertain tax position and our associated accrued interest and penalties was less than $0.1 million.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation and Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings, specifically claims litigation. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries participate in most of these proceedings by either defending third-party claims brought against insureds or litigating first-party coverage claims. The Company accounts for such activity through the establishment of loss and LAE reserves. The Company’s management believes that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, is immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is also occasionally involved in other legal and regulatory proceedings, some of which may assert claims for substantial amounts, making the Company party to individual actions in which extra contractual damages, punitive damages or penalties, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims, are sought.

The Company reviews the outstanding matters, if any, on a quarterly basis. The Company accrues for estimated losses and contingent obligations in the consolidated financial statements if and when the obligation or potential loss from any litigation, legal proceeding or claim is considered probable and the amount of the potential exposure is reasonably estimable. The Company records such probable and estimable losses, through the establishment of legal expense reserves. As events evolve, facts concerning litigation

-25-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

and contingencies become known and as additional information becomes available, the Company’s management reassesses its potential liabilities related to pending claims and litigation and may revise its previous estimates and make appropriate adjustment to the financial statements. Estimates that require judgment are subject to change and are based on management’s assessment, including the advice of legal counsel, the expected outcome of litigation and legal proceedings or other dispute resolution proceedings or the expected resolution of contingencies. The Company’s management believes that the Company’s accruals for probable and estimable losses are reasonable and that the amounts accrued do not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Assessment Related Activity

The Company operates in a regulatory environment where certain entities and organizations have the authority to require us to participate in assessments. Currently these entities and organizations include: Florida Insurance Guaranty Association (“FIGA”), Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (“Citizens”), FHCF, Georgia Insurers Insolvency Pool (“GIIP”), Special Insurance Fraud Fund (“SIIF”), Fair Access to Insurance Requirements Plan (“FAIRP”), Property Insurance Association of Louisiana (“PIAL”), South Carolina Property & Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (“SCPCIGA”), Texas Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (“TPCIGA”), Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (“TWIA”), Alabama Insurance Guaranty Association (“AIGA”), and Alabama Insurance Underwriters Association (“AIUA”). As a direct premium writer, we are required to participate in certain insurer solvency associations under the applicable laws in the states in which we do business.

In connection with its automobile line of business, which is currently winding down, FNIC is also required to participate in an insurance apportionment plan under Florida law, which is referred to as a JUA Plan. The JUA Plan provides for the equitable apportionment of any profits realized, or losses and expenses incurred, among participating automobile insurers. In the event of an underwriting deficit incurred by the JUA Plan, which is not recovered through the policyholders in the JUA Plan, such deficit shall be recovered from the companies participating in the JUA Plan in the proportion that the net direct written premiums of each such member during the preceding calendar year bear to the aggregate net direct premiums written in this state by all members of the JUA Plan. There were no material assessments by the JUA Plan as of December 31, 2019. Future assessments by the JUA and the JUA Plan are indeterminable at this time.

Leases

The Company is committed under various operating lease agreements for office space.

The right-of-use asset is reflected in other assets and the lease liability is reflected in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Lease expense, net of sublease income is reflected in general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations.

Additional information related to our operating lease agreement for office space consisted of the following:


	March 31,
	2020
	(In thousands)
Right-of-use asset	$	7,938
Accrued rent	(216)
Right-of-use asset, net	$	7,722

Lease liability	$	7,938

Weighted average discount rate	4.70		%
Weighted average remaining years of lease term	8.4

-26-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Lease expense	$	280	$	260
Sublease income	(155)		—
Lease expense, net	$	125	$	260

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(89)	$	(137)

The interest rates implicit in our leases were not known, therefore the weighted-average discount rate above was determined by what FedNat would have had to pay to borrow the lease payments in a similar economic environment that existed at inception of our leases while considering our general credit and the theoretical collateral of the office space. In the event of a change to lease term, the Company would re-evaluate all inputs and assumptions, including the discount rate.

12. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Common Stock Repurchases

The Company may repurchase shares in open market transactions in accordance with Rule 10b-18 or under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act from time to time in its discretion, based on ongoing assessments of the Company’s capital needs, the market price of its common stock and general market conditions. The amount and timing of all repurchase transactions are contingent upon market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors.

In December 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $10.0 million of its outstanding shares of common stock from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020. In March 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional $10.0 million increase to the share repurchase program. This increased authorization will allow the Company to purchase up to $20 million of shares outstanding through December 31, 2020. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 523,583 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $6.8 million, which is an average price per share of $12.89. As of March 31, 2020, the remaining availability for future repurchases of our common stock under this program was $13.2 million. As of the filing of this report, the remaining availability of our common stock under this program was $10.0 million.

Securities Offerings

In June 2018, the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form S-3, a shelf registration statement enabling the Company to offer and sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $150.0 million of securities. No securities have been offered or sold under this registration statement.

-27-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

Share-Based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation arrangements include the following:

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Restricted stock	$	353	$	494
Performance stock	100		181
Total share-based compensation expense	$	453	$	675

Recognized tax benefit	$	111	$	171
Intrinsic value of options exercised	2		—
Fair value of restricted stock vested	1,032		927

The intrinsic value of options exercised represents the difference between the stock option exercise price and the weighted average closing stock price of FNHC common stock on the exercise dates, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market.

Stock Option Awards

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity includes the following:

໿


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Option Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2020	38,850	$	3.80
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(100)	3.30
Cancelled	—	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2020	38,750	$	3.81

Restricted Stock Awards

The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense for all restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) held by the Company’s directors, executives and other key employees. For all RSA awards, excluding grants based on total relative shareholder return ("TSR"), the accounting charge is measured at the grant date as the fair value of FNHC common stock and expensed as non-cash compensation over the vesting term using the straight-line basis for service awards and over successive one-year requisite service periods for performance-based awards. Our expense for our performance awards depends on achievement of specified results; therefore, the ultimate expense can range from 0% to 250% of target. Our TSR-based cliff vesting awards contain performance criteria which are tied to the achievement of certain market conditions. The TSR grant date fair value was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation and, unlike the performance condition awards, the expense is not reversed if the performance condition is not met. This value is recognized as expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line recognition method.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Board of Directors granted 210,272 and 140,156 RSAs, respectively, vesting over three or five years, to the Company’s directors, executives and other key employees.

-28-

FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

RSA activity includes the following:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2020	255,345	$	17.82
Granted	210,272	11.82
Vested	(58,633)	17.59
Cancelled	(15,990)	18.24
Outstanding at March 31, 2020	390,994	$	14.62

The weighted average grant date fair value is measured using the closing price of FNHC common stock on the grant date, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) associated with debt securities - available-for-sale consisted of the following:

໿


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020										2019
	Before Tax		Income Tax		Net		Before Tax		Income Tax		Net
	(In thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning-of-period	$	13,621	$	(3,340)	$	10,281	$	(5,023)	$	1,273	$	(3,750)

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification	(4,098)		1,004		(3,094)		11,528		(2,922)		8,606
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses (gains) included in net income	(1,238)		304		(934)		(2,301)		583		(1,718)
	(5,336)		1,308		(4,028)		9,227		(2,339)		6,888
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end-of-period	$	8,285	$	(2,032)	$	6,253	$	4,204	$	(1,066)	$	3,138

13. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including vested restricted stock awards during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, noted above, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options and unvested restricted stock awards. Dilutive securities are common stock equivalents that are freely exercisable into common stock at less than market prices or otherwise dilute earnings if converted. The net effect of common stock equivalents is based on the incremental common stock that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of common stock options and the vesting of RSAs using the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalents are not included in diluted earnings per share when their inclusion is antidilutive.

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FedNat Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

March 31, 2020

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Net income (loss) attributable to FedNat Holding Company shareholders	$	2,133	$	(3,865)

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic	14,249		12,795

Net income (loss) per common share - basic	$	0.15	$	(0.30)


Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic	14,249		12,795
Dilutive effect of stock compensation plans	63		—
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted	14,312		12,795

Net income (loss) per common share - diluted	$	0.15	$	(0.30)

Dividends per share	$	0.09	$	0.08

Dividends Declared

In February 2020, our Board of Directors declared a $0.09 per common share dividend, payable in March 2020, to shareholders of record on February 14, 2020, amounting to $1.3 million.

In April 2020, our Board of Directors declared a $0.09 per common share dividend, payable in June 2020, to shareholders of record on May 15, 2020, amounting to $1.3 million.

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Dividends Declared

Refer to Note 13 above for information related to our dividend declared in April 2020.

Severe Weather Events

In the month of April 2020, five catastrophe events were cataloged by Property Claim Services in the states in which the Company writes property business. These events consisted of hail and wind related storms in the states of Texas, Louisiana, Florida and other states. As of the date of this report, we have 1,417 reported claims and $15.2 million gross incurred losses across all of our states that we do business in and across all three insurance carriers for these five severe weather events. Additionally, $6.3 million of the total $15.2 million gross incurred losses are from FNIC’s non-Florida business, which will be subject to a 50% profit-sharing arrangement with the non-affiliated managing general underwriter that writes this business.

Due to the recency of these events, the Company has not yet produced an estimate on the full financial impact of these severe weather events. An elevated level of severe weather events is not uncommon in the southeast United States during the second quarter.

The Company’s catastrophic reinsurance protection in place through June 30, 2020 provides coverage on each event if covered gross losses thereon exceed $20 million for FNIC’s Florida and/or non-Florida business. The retention amounts are $5 million and $3 million for MIC and MNIC’s businesses, respectively.

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General information about FedNat Holding Company can be found at www.FedNat.com; however, the information that can be accessed through our website is not part of our report. We make our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 available free of charge on our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the SEC.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Form 10-Q”). In addition, please refer to our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and related “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Form 10-K”).

Unless the context requires otherwise, as used in the remainder of this Form 10-Q, the terms “FNHC,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to FedNat Holding Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Below, in addition to providing consolidated revenues and net income (loss), we also provide adjusted operating revenues and adjusted operating income (loss) because we believe these performance measures that are not United States of America generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") measures allow for a better understanding of the underlying trend in our business, as the excluded items are not necessarily indicative of our operating fundamentals or performance.

Non-GAAP measures do not replace the most directly comparable GAAP measures and we have included a detailed reconciliation thereof in "Results of Operations" below.

We exclude the after-tax (using our prevailing income tax rate) effects of the following items from GAAP net income (loss) to arrive at adjusted operating income (loss):

•Net realized and unrealized gains (losses), including, but not limited to, gains (losses) associated with investments and early extinguishment of debt;

•Acquisition/integration and other costs and the amortization of specifically identifiable intangibles (other than value of business acquired);

•Impairment of intangibles;

•Income (loss) from initial adoption of new regulations and accounting guidance; and

•Income (loss) from discontinued operations.

We also exclude the pre-tax effect of the first bullet above from GAAP revenues to arrive at adjusted operating revenues.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q or the documents that are incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These statements are therefore entitled to the protection of the safe harbor provisions of these laws. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “envision,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “indicate,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “outlook,” “plan,” “possibly,” “potential,” “predict,” “probably,” “pro-forma,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Management cautions that the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q are not guarantees of future performance, and we cannot assume that such statements will be realized, or the forward-looking events and circumstances will occur. Factors that might cause such a difference include, without limitation, the risks and uncertainties discussed under “Risk Factors” in our 2019 Form 10-K, and discussed from time to time in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including this Form 10-Q.

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Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q are made only as of the date hereof. We do not undertake and specifically disclaim any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any such statements to reflect future events or developments.

GENERAL

FedNat Holding Company (“FNHC,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a regional insurance holding company that controls substantially all aspects of the insurance underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and contractual relationships with independent agents and general agents. We, through our wholly owned subsidiaries, are authorized to underwrite, and/or place homeowners multi-peril (“homeowners”), federal flood and other lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service our own and third-party insurers’ products and other services through a network of independent and general agents.

FedNat Insurance Company (“FNIC”), our largest wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, is licensed as an admitted carrier to write homeowners property and casualty insurance by the state insurance departments in Florida, Louisiana, Texas, South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi.

Maison Insurance Company ("MIC"), an insurance subsidiary that we acquired on December 2, 2019 (see "Maison Acquisition" below for more information), is licensed as an admitted carrier to write homeowners property and casualty insurance as well as wind/hail only exposures by the state insurance departments in Louisiana, Texas and Florida.

Monarch National Insurance Company (“MNIC”), an insurance subsidiary, is licensed to write homeowners property and casualty insurance in Florida.

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, FedNat Underwriters, Inc. (“FNU”), we serve as managing general agent for FNIC and MNIC. Maison Managers, Inc. ("MMI"), a wholly-owned subsidiary, serves as the managing general agent for MIC. ClaimCor, LLC ("ClaimCor"), a wholly-owned subsidiary, is a claims solutions company that processes Maison's claims.

Material Distribution Relationships

We are a party to an insurance agency master agreement with Ivantage Select Agency, Inc. (“ISA”), an affiliate of Allstate Insurance Company (“Allstate”), pursuant to which we have been authorized by ISA to appoint Allstate agents to offer our FNIC homeowners insurance products to consumers in Florida.

We are a party to a managing general underwriting agreement with SageSure Insurance Managers, LLC (“SageSure”) in which they underwrite our FNIC homeowners business outside of Florida.

Overview of Insurance Lines of Business

Homeowners Property and Casualty Insurance

FNIC, MIC and MNIC underwrite homeowners insurance in Florida and FNIC also underwrites insurance in Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, South Carolina and Mississippi and MIC in Louisiana and Texas. Homeowners insurance generally protects an owner of real and personal property against covered causes of loss to that property. As of March 31, 2020, the total homeowners policies in-force was 380,000, of which 240,000 were in Florida and 140,000 were outside of Florida. As of December 31, 2019, the total homeowners policies in-force was 374,000, of which 241,000 were in Florida and 133,000 were outside of Florida.

Florida

Our homeowners insurance products provide maximum dwelling coverage of approximately $3.6 million, with the aggregate maximum policy limit being approximately $6.3 million. We currently offer dwelling coverage “A” up to $4.0 million with an aggregate total insured value of $6.5 million. We continually review and update these limits. The typical deductible is either $2,500 or $1,000 for non-hurricane-related claims and generally 2% of the coverage amount for the structure for hurricane-related claims.

Premium rates charged to our homeowners insurance policyholders are continually evaluated to assure that they meet the expectation that they are actuarially sound and produce a reasonable level of profit (neither excessive, inadequate or discriminatory). Premium rates in Florida and other states are regulated and approved by the respective states’ office of insurance regulation. We continuously monitor and seek appropriate adjustment to our rates in order to remain competitive and profitable.

Through MIC, we have assumed Florida policies through the state-run insurer Citizens Property Insurance Corporation ("Citizens").

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Non-Florida

Our non-Florida FNIC homeowners insurance products, produced through our partnership with SageSure, provide maximum dwelling coverage “A” up to $1.8 million, with the aggregate maximum policy limit being approximately $3.6 million. The typical deductible is either $2,500 or $1,000 for non-hurricane-related claims and generally 2% of the coverage amount for the structure for hurricane-related claims.

As part of our partnership with SageSure, we entered into a profit share agreement, whereby we share 50% of net profits of this line of business, as calculated per the terms of the agreement, subject to certain limitations. The profit share cost is reflected in commissions and other underwriting expenses on our consolidated statements of operations.

Our MIC non-Florida insurance products include homeowners insurance, manufactured home insurance and dwelling fire insurance. MIC writes both full peril property policies as well as wind/hail only exposures.

Other Insurance Lines of Business

FNIC writes flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”). We write the policy for the NFIP, which assumes 100% of the flood risk while we retain a commission for our service. FNIC offers this line of business in Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, South Carolina and Mississippi. FNIC plans to file an admitted flood endorsement as an alternative to the NFIP program. MIC writes flood insurance through a partnership with Bintech who assumes 100% of the risk, in Louisiana only.

See the discussion in Item 1: “Business” in our 2019 Form 10-K, for additional information with respect to our business.

Regulation

All insurance companies must file quarterly and annual statements with certain regulatory agencies and are subject to regular and special examinations by those agencies. We may be the subject of additional special examinations or analysis. These examinations or analysis may result in one or more corrective orders being issued by the Florida OIR or Louisiana Department of Insurance ("LDI"). The Florida OIR has completed its regularly scheduled statutory examination of FNIC for the five years ended December 31, 2015, of MNIC for the period of March 17, 2015 (inception) through December 31, 2015 and of MNIC for the year ended December 31, 2016. The LDI has completed its regularly scheduled statutory examination of MIC for the three years ended December 31, 2014. There were no material findings by the Florida OIR or LDI in connection with these examinations.

COVID-19 Impact

To slow and limit the COVID-19 outbreak and protect individuals and the health care systems worldwide, local and Federal governments have taken containment actions, including travel restrictions, testing, contact tracing and lockdowns. Companies have required working from home and in many cases laid off employees. These factors among others have caused global financial markets to experience extreme volatility and disruptions to capital and credit markets. In advance of government mandates, we implemented procedures to help reduce the spread of the outbreak, including having most of our employees work remotely, that are intended to prioritize the safety and health of our employees. In addition, we remained focused on the needs of our insureds and independent agents and fulfilling regulatory requirements and guidelines. During the first quarter of 2020, we did not see a material impact of COVID-19 to our operations, financial condition and results. We cannot at this time determine the comprehensive effect of the outbreak for the remainder of 2020. We currently believe, however, that we have limited, if any, exposure to the pandemic based on our product offerings and contractual coverages, although possible actions that our regulators or other governmental or judicial entities may take may materially adversely impact our coverages in both a retrospective and go-forward manner. We continue our focus on maintaining the safety, security and health of all our stakeholders, including policyholders, employees, partner agents, vendors and shareholders, and monitoring the impacts of the pandemic on our operations, financial condition and results. Based on the Company's already existing business continuity plan, which we have implemented to address local catastrophes events, and based on our financial condition and anticipated operating cash flows, we currently expect to continue to meet our working capital and operating expenditure requirements, even if there is further economic downturn from the pandemic.

Please refer to “Part II, Item 1A., Risk Factors” for more information.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Operating Results Overview - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Compared with Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations or contain all of the information that may be important to our shareholders or the investing public. This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations herein and in our 2019 Form 10-K.

The following table sets forth results of operations for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020			% Change		2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:
Gross premiums written	$	172,962		30.8	%	$	132,233
Gross premiums earned	175,574			26.9	%	138,367
Ceded premiums	(69,664)			40.5	%	(49,583)
Net premiums earned	105,910			19.3	%	88,784
Net investment income	3,892			4.9	%	3,710
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(2,825)			(222.8)	%	2,301
Direct written policy fees	3,466			45.0	%	2,391
Other income	5,256			31.0	%	4,011
Total revenues	115,699			14.3	%	101,197

Costs and expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	68,930			3.1	%	66,839
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	36,355			28.8	%	28,234
General and administrative expenses	6,245			(1.0)	%	6,311
Interest expense	1,915			(62.1)	%	5,051
Total costs and expenses	113,445			6.6	%	106,435

Income (loss) before income taxes	2,254			(143.0)	%	(5,238)
Income tax expense (benefit)	121			(108.8)	%	(1,373)
Net income (loss)	$	2,133		(155.2)	%	$	(3,865)



Ratios to net premiums earned:
Net loss ratio	65.1		%			75.3		%
Net expense ratio	40.2		%			38.9		%
Combined ratio	105.3		%			114.2		%

(1)Net loss ratio is calculated as losses and loss adjustment expenses divided by net premiums earned.

(2)Net expense ratio is calculated as all operating expenses less interest expense divided by net premiums earned.

(3)Combined ratio is calculated as the sum of losses and loss adjustment expenses and all operating expenses less interest expense divided by net premiums earned.

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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures:


	Three Months Ended
	2020			2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Total revenues	$	115,699		$	101,197
Less:
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(2,825)			2,301
Adjusted operating revenues	$	118,524		$	98,896

Net Income (Loss)
Net income (loss)	$	2,133		$	(3,865)
Less:
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)	(2,132)			1,718
Acquisition and other costs	(27)			(520)
Amortization of identifiable intangibles	(28)			—
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt	—			(2,669)
Adjusted operating income (loss)	$	4,320		$	(2,394)

Income tax rate assumed for reconciling items above	24.52		%	25.35		%

Revenue

Total revenue increased $14.5 million or 14.3%, to $115.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $101.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was driven by net premiums growth, including the effect of the acquisition of Maison, partially offset by net investment losses, all of which are discussed below.

Gross Premiums Written

The following table sets forth the gross premiums written for the periods presented:

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Gross premiums written:
Homeowners Florida	$	111,547	$	103,963
Homeowners non-Florida	57,942		25,320
Federal flood	3,660		3,004
Non-core	(187)		(54)
Total gross premiums written	$	172,962	$	132,233

Gross premiums written increased $40.8 million, or 30.8%, to $173.0 million in the quarter compared with $132.2 million for the same three-month period last year. Gross premiums written increased due to organic non-Florida growth, and $17.6 million from Maison, 96% of which was non-Florida. Our organic non-Florida business continues to show exceptional growth year over year, especially in the state of Texas, which has allowed us to leverage our infrastructure and diversify insurance risk. Overall, Homeowners grew 31.1%.

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Gross Premiums Earned

The following table sets forth the gross premiums earned for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Gross premiums earned:
Homeowners Florida	$	116,100	$	112,672
Homeowners non-Florida	55,525		21,170
Federal flood	4,136		3,467
Non-core	(187)		1,058
Total gross premiums earned	$	175,574	$	138,367

Gross premiums earned increased $37.2 million, or 26.9%, to $175.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $138.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The higher gross premiums earned was primarily driven by continued non-Florida growth, including $19.8 million from the acquisition of Maison.

Ceded Premiums Earned

Ceded premiums earned increased $20.1 million, or 40.5%, to $69.7 million in the quarter, compared to $49.6 million in the same three-month period last year. The increase was driven by higher gross earned premiums, including Maison, as well as an increase in our excess of loss reinsurance spend.

Net Investment Income

Net investment income increased $0.2 million, or 4.9%, to $3.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $3.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to fixed income portfolio growth from the Maison acquisition.

Net realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)

Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) decreased $5.1 million, to $(2.8) million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $2.3 million in the prior year period. We recognized $(3.3) million and $2.3 million in unrealized investment gains (losses) for equity securities during these respective periods. The unrealized losses for the current year was due to market volatility and declining economic conditions resulting from COVID-19.

Direct Written Policy Fees

Direct written policy fees increased $1.1 million, or 45.0%, to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase is primarily driven by the fees associated with Maison’s premiums and, to a lesser extent, organic non-Florida growth.

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Other Income

Other income included the following for the periods presented:

໿


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		% Change		2019
	(Dollars in thousands)
Other income:
Commission income	$	785	71.4	%	$	458
Brokerage	4,037		28.8	%	3,134
Financing and other revenue	434		3.6	%	419
Total other income	$	5,256	31.0	%	$	4,011

The increase in other income was primarily driven by higher brokerage revenue. The brokerage revenue increase is the result of higher excess of loss reinsurance spend from the reinsurance programs in place during the first quarter of 2020 as compared to the first quarter of 2019.

Expenses

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) increased $2.1 million, or 3.1%, to $68.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $66.8 million for the same three-month period last year. The net loss ratio decreased 10.2 percentage points, to 65.1% in the current quarter, as compared to 75.3% in the first quarter of 2019. The lower loss ratio was primarily the result of lower weather-related net losses when comparing the periods, as 2020 included $10.4 million, net of reinsurance (of which, $3.5 million were from FNIC's non-Florida losses, which are subject to a 50% profit-sharing agreement) and 2019 included $19.0 million from the Brevard County, Florida hail storm. Additionally, higher gross premiums earned volume drove approximately $10.0 million of higher losses as compared to 2019.

Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses

The following table sets forth the commissions and other underwriting expenses for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)
Commissions and other underwriting expenses:
Homeowners Florida	$	13,827	$	13,222
All others	11,618		5,267
Ceding commissions	(2,899)		(2,784)
Total commissions	22,546		15,705

Fees	1,114		679
Salaries and wages	3,598		3,322
Other underwriting expenses	9,097		8,528
Total commissions and other underwriting expenses	$	36,355	$	28,234

Commissions and other underwriting expenses increased $8.2 million, or 28.8%, to $36.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $28.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was driven by higher non-Florida acquisition related costs as a result of premium growth. As noted above, we have a 50% profit-sharing agreement with our managing general underwriter on FNIC's non-Florida business, therefore profitable growth in this business resulted in the increase in other underwriting expenses. This increase was partially offset by higher non-Florida incurred losses from severe weather events

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(as previously discussed in the Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses section) in the first quarter of 2020, resulting in a $1.8 million reduction of expenses.

The net expense ratio increased 1.3 percentage points to 40.2% in the first quarter of 2020, as compared to 38.9% in the first quarter of 2019 primarily due to higher catastrophe reinsurance costs reducing net earned premium. Refer to the discussion above for more information.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $0.1 million by 1.0% to $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $6.3 million in the first quarter of 2019. The decrease was the result of lower professional fees and other costs as compared to the prior year.

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased $3.2 million to $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared with $5.1 million in the prior year period, which included $3.6 million of prepayment fees, including the write-off of remaining debt issuance costs. This decline was partially offset by the fact that our March 2019 debt offering was only outstanding for a portion of the first quarter of 2019.

Income Taxes

Income taxes (benefits) increased $1.5 million, to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $(1.4) million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in income tax expense is predominantly the result of higher income during the current quarter as compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase was partially offset by the fact during the third quarter of 2019 the State of Florida announced a reduction in its state income tax rate from 5.5% to 4.5%, effective January 1, 2019. This new tax rate will be in place until at least December 31, 2021.

Severe Weather Events Experienced in April 2020

The Company’s strategy over the past few years has been, and continues to be, to write more property insurance business beyond its home state of Florida. This strategy exposes the company to more active weather losses primarily during the second quarter of each year as a result of tornado and hail activity that is more prevalent during the second quarter in multiple states in which we operate including Texas, Louisiana, South Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi.

Refer to Note 14 of the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding of severe weather events the Company experienced in the month of April 2020.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

Our primary sources of funds are gross written premiums, investment income, commission income and fee income. Our primary uses of funds are the payment of claims, catastrophe and other reinsurance premiums and operating expenses. As of March 31, 2020, the Company held $564.4 million in investments. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $10.2 million, to $123.2 million as of March 31, 2020, compared with $133.4 million as of December 31, 2019. Total shareholders’ equity decreased $9.5 million, to $239.2 million as of March 31, 2020, compared with $248.7 million as of December 31, 2019 due primarily to repurchases of common stock and unrealized losses on our bond portfolio, partially offset by net income.

Historically, we have met our liquidity requirements primarily through cash generated from operations. On March 5, 2019, the Company closed on an offering of $100 million of Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029, which bear interest at the annual rate of 7.5%. The net proceeds of the offering were in part used to redeem all $45 million of the Company's Senior Unsecured Fixed Rate Notes due 2022 and the Company's Senior Notes due 2027. Additionally, the remaining cash from the offering was used to purchase the Maison Companies and for other general corporate purposes, including repurchases of shares of our common stock and managing the capital needs of our subsidiaries. Refer to Notes 3 and 8 of the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the 2019 Form 10-K, for additional information regarding the 2029 Notes as well as the acquisition of the Maison Companies.

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Among other things, the 2029 Notes contain customary covenants that limit the Company's ability to enter into certain operational and financial transactions, including, but not limited to incurring additional debt above certain thresholds. The Company's actual debt to capital ratio as of March 31, 2020 was approximately 29%.

Statutory Capital and Surplus of our Insurance Subsidiaries

As described more fully in Part I, Item 1. Business, Regulation of our 2019 Form 10-K, the Company’s insurance operations are subject to the laws and regulations of the states in which we operate. The Florida OIR and their regulatory counterparts in other states utilize the National Association of Insurance Commissions (“NAIC”) risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements, and the resulting RBC ratio, as a key metric in the exercise of their regulatory oversight. The RBC ratio is a measure of the sufficiency of an insurer’s statutory capital and surplus. In addition, the RBC ratio is used by insurance industry ratings services in the determination of the financial strength ratings (i.e., claims paying ability) they assign to insurance companies. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, FNIC’s statutory surplus, which includes MNIC was $134.1 million and $141.8 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, MIC’s statutory surplus was $52.5 million and $50.7 million, respectively.

Based upon the 2019 statutory financial statements for FNIC, MIC and MNIC, statutory surplus exceeded the regulatory action levels established by the NAIC’s RBC requirements.

Based on RBC requirements, the extent of regulatory intervention and action increases as the ratio of an insurer’s statutory surplus to its ACL, as calculated under the NAIC’s requirements, decreases. The first action level, the Company Action Level, requires an insurer to submit a plan of corrective actions to the insurance regulators if statutory surplus falls below 200.0% of the ACL amount. The second action level, the Regulatory Action Level, requires an insurer to submit a plan containing corrective actions and permits the insurance regulators to perform an examination or other analysis and issue a corrective order if statutory surplus falls below 150.0% of the ACL amount. The third action level, ACL, allows the regulators to rehabilitate or liquidate an insurer in addition to the aforementioned actions if statutory surplus falls below the ACL amount. The fourth action level is the Mandatory Control Level, which requires the regulators to rehabilitate or liquidate the insurer if statutory surplus falls below 70.0% of the ACL amount. FNIC, MNIC and MIC had ratios of statutory surplus to its ACL of 323.9%, 1,128.7% and 305.7%, respectively, as of December 31, 2019.

Cash Flows Discussion

We currently believe that existing cash and investment balances, when combined with anticipated cash flows and the proceeds of our debt offering as described above, will be adequate to meet our expected liquidity needs in both the short-term and the reasonably foreseeable future. Please see "COVID-19 Impact" above for a discussion of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on us. We currently believe the combined balances will be sufficient to meet our ongoing operating requirements and anticipated cash needs, and satisfy the covenants in our senior notes. Future growth strategies may require additional external financing and we may from time to time seek to obtain external financing. We cannot assure that additional sources of financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, or that any such financing would not negatively impact our results of operations. We expect to continue declaring and paying dividends at comparable levels, subject to our future liquidity needs and reserve requirements.

Subject to our compliance with capital requirements as described above, we may consider various opportunities to deploy our capital, including repurchases of our common stock if such repurchases represent a more favorable use of available capital.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities increased to $21.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to net cash used of $6.8 million in the same period in 2019. This increase reflects higher net premiums collected, partially offset by higher expenses paid, including those related to commissions and underwriting expenses and losses and loss adjustment expenses, in the first three months of 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $23.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 reflected purchases of debt and equity investment securities of $138.4 million, partially offset by sales, maturities and redemptions of our debt and equity investment securities of $116.0 million. Net cash used in investing activities of $6.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 reflected purchases of debt and equity investment securities of $64.9 million, partly offset by sales, maturities and redemptions of our debt and equity investment securities of $59.0 million.

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Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 of $7.9 million primarily reflects repurchases of FedNat Holding Company common stock of $6.6 million and dividends paid of $1.3 million. Net cash provided by financing activities of $49.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily reflects issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs, of $98.5 million, partly offset by payment of long-term debt of $48.0 million.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The consolidated financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Our primary assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the inflationary effect on the cost of paying losses and LAE.

Insurance premiums are established before we know the amount of losses and LAE and the extent to which inflation may affect such expenses. Consequently, we attempt to anticipate the future impact of inflation when establishing rate levels. While we attempt to charge adequate premiums, we may be limited in raising premium levels for competitive and regulatory reasons. Inflation may also affect the market value of our investment portfolio and the investment rate of return. Any future economic changes that result in prolonged and increasing levels of inflation could cause increases in the dollar amount of incurred losses and LAE and thereby materially adversely affect future liability requirements.

Critical Accounting Policies

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results may materially differ from those estimates.

We believe our most critical accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements are: (i) fair value measurements of our investments; (ii) accounting for investments; (iii) premium and unearned premium calculation; (iv) reinsurance contracts; (v) the amount and recoverability of deferred acquisition costs and value of business acquired; (vi) goodwill and other intangible assets; (vii) reserve for loss and losses adjustment expenses; and (viii) income taxes. The accounting estimates require the use of assumptions about certain matters that are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows would be affected.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Refer to Part II, Item 7: “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates” included in our 2019 Form 10-K for a more complete description of our critical accounting estimates.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our investment objective is to maximize total rate of return after federal income taxes while maintaining liquidity and minimizing risk. Our current investment policy limits investment in non-investment-grade debt securities (including high-yield bonds), and limits total investments in preferred stock, common stock and mortgage notes receivable. We also comply with applicable laws and regulations that further restrict the type, quality and concentration of our investments. In general, these laws and regulations permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, state and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, preferred and common equity securities and real estate mortgages.

Our investment policy is established by the Board of Directors' Investment Committee and is reviewed on a regular basis. Pursuant to this investment policy, as of March 31, 2020, approximately 97% of investments were in debt securities and cash and cash equivalents, which are considered to be either held-until-maturity or available-for-sale, based upon our estimates of required liquidity. Approximately 99% of the debt securities are considered available-for-sale and are marked to market. We may in the future consider additional debt securities to be held-to-maturity securities, which are carried at amortized cost. We do not use any swaps, options, futures or forward contracts to hedge or enhance our investment portfolio.

There have been no material changes to the Company’s exposures to market risks since December 31, 2019. Please refer to the 2019 Form 10-K for a complete discussion of the Company’s exposures to market risks.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness

Our management and our audit committee do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors or all instances of fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of the control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control gaps and instances of fraud have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments and decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and any design may not succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

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Part II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part I, “Financial Statements” for information about legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our operations, financial condition and results could be adversely affected by COVID-19.

We continue to closely monitor developments related to COVID-19 to assess any potential impact on our business. Because this is an evolving and highly uncertain situation (including possible actions that our regulators or other governmental or judicial entities may take in both a retrospective and go-forward manner) it is not possible at this time to provide an estimate of potential insurance, reinsurance, or investment exposure or any other indirect effects the pandemic may have on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. However, material disruptions to the Company caused by the pandemic could include:

•Although we believe that our product offerings and contractual coverages limit our exposure to claims related to COVID-19, there is a risk that legislative, regulatory, judicial or social influences may extend coverage beyond our contractual obligations or may result in an increase in the frequency or severity of claims beyond expected levels.

•Volatile and illiquid financial global financial markets resulting from the outbreak may adversely impact the fair value or credit quality of securities in our investment portfolio.

•Reduced liquidity, higher operating costs and strained profitability from legislative, regulatory or judicial actions may result in denials of rate increases, require premium payment grace periods, prevent cancellations for non-payment of premium, or require us to cover losses for excluded coverages.

•A decline in demand for our product offerings or declining ability or willingness of our policy holders to pay premiums may reduce our revenues.

•We may require additional liquidity at a time when our cost of capital increases and/or access to capital is hampered.

•Social distancing impedes observing certain claims on-site and, in some cases, may adversely impact our ability to properly assess certain claims.

•The economic effects adversely impacting the liquidity and financial stability of our reinsurers may cause an increase in our reinsurance costs and/or counterparty risk with resulting write-offs of reinsurance recoverables.

•Market volatility and declining economic conditions adversely impacting the liquidity and financial stability of the issuers of securities we hold may result in realized losses.

•Our ability to maintain relationships with key vendors, and those vendors’ willingness or ability to perform services for us as expected, may be adversely impacted.

•We may experience cyber security losses due to our employees working remotely.

Therefore, a prolonged period of commercial disruption, reduced economic activity, high unemployment, extreme market volatility, disruptions to capital and credit markets, and other consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse impact on our operations, financial condition and results.

As a property and casualty insurer, we may be impacted by different severe weather events at different times of the year.

Our homeowners business is impacted by catastrophic and other severe weather events, which may cause our operating results and financial condition to vary significantly from one period to the next. The incidence and severity of weather conditions are largely unpredictable, although certain types of events are more likely to occur during particular times of year. For example, hurricane season in the Atlantic and Caribbean oceans and in the Gulf of Mexico is from June 1st to November 30th of each year, with the peak occurrence of storms typically from mid-August to late October. By comparison, severe storms resulting in hail and tornados are more likely to occur in the spring in the states in which we operate. The nature of spring storms also tends to result in multiple occurrences, none of which would typically exceed our catastrophe reinsurance retention on an individual basis. There is generally an increase in the frequency and severity of claims when severe weather conditions occur.

There have been no other material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K. Please refer to that section for those additional disclosures regarding what we believe are the most significant risks and uncertainties related to our business.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. The following table sets forth information with respect to purchases of shares of our common stock made during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 by or on behalf of FNHC:

໿


				Total Number of	Approximate Dollar
	Total Number	Average		Shares Purchased	Value of Shares That
	of Shares	Price Paid		as Part of Publicly	May Yet Be Purchased
	Repurchased	Per Share		Announced Plans	Under the Plans (1)
January 2020	105,102	$	15.98	105,102	$	8,320,010
February 2020	100,046	15.18		100,046	6,801,534
March 2020	318,435	11.15		318,435	13,249,952

໿

(1)In December 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase up to $10.0 million of its outstanding shares of common stock from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020. In March 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional $10.0 million increase to the share repurchase program. As of March 31, 2020, the remaining availability for future repurchases of our common stock was $13.2 million. Any such purchases would be made in the open market in accordance with Rule 10b-18 or under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.			Description
10.1			FHCF Supplement Layer Reinsurance Contract effective June 1, 2020 between FedNat Insurance Company and subscribing reinsurers*
10.2			Form of Reimbursement Contract effective June 1, 2020 between the State Board of Administration of the State of Florida, as administrator of the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund, and each of FedNat Insurance Company; Monarch National Insurance Company; and Maison Insurance Company**
31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act **
31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act **
32.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act **
32.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act **
101.INS			XBRL Instance Document***
101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document***
101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document***
101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document***
101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document***

________________________

* Filed herewith. Certain identified information has been omitted from this exhibit in accordance with and as permitted by Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K.

** Filed herewith.

*** In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.