NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Background
Quest Diagnostics Incorporated and its subsidiaries ("Quest Diagnostics" or the "Company") empower people to take action to improve health outcomes. The Company uses its extensive database of clinical lab results to derive diagnostic insights that reveal new avenues to identify and treat disease, inspire healthy behaviors and improve healthcare management. The Company's diagnostic information services business ("DIS") provides information and insights based on the industry-leading menu of routine, non-routine and advanced clinical testing and anatomic pathology testing, and other diagnostic information services. The Company provides services to a broad range of customers, including patients, clinicians, hospitals, independent delivery networks ("IDNs"), health plans, employers and accountable care organizations ("ACOs"). The Company offers the broadest access in the United States to diagnostic information services through its nationwide network of laboratories, patient service centers and phlebotomists in physician offices and the Company's connectivity resources, including call centers and mobile paramedics, nurses and other health and wellness professionals. The Company is the world's leading provider of diagnostic information services. The Company provides interpretive consultation with one of the largest medical and scientific staffs in the industry and hundreds of M.D.s and Ph.D.s, many of whom are recognized leaders in their fields. The Company's Diagnostic Solutions businesses ("DS") are the leading provider of risk assessment services for the life insurance industry and the Company offers healthcare organizations and clinicians robust information technology solutions.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which in the opinion of management are necessary for a fair statement of results of operations, comprehensive income, financial condition, cash flows and stockholders' equity for the periods presented. Except as otherwise disclosed, all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of
December 31, 2017
, but does not include all the disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).
The accounting policies of the Company are the same as those set forth in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K except for the impact of the adoption of new accounting standards discussed under
New Accounting Pronouncements.
Reclassifications
As a result of the adoption of the new accounting standard associated with clarifying presentation and classification in the statement of cash flows, certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation. In addition, the Company adopted the new revenue recognition accounting standard on a full retrospective basis, which required the Company to restate certain previously reported results. For further details regarding the impact of these new accounting standards, see
New Accounting Pronouncements
.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
Earnings Per Share
The Company's unvested restricted stock units that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends are participating securities and, therefore, are included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share using the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income, adjusted for earnings allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income, adjusted for earnings allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding after giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and performance share units granted under the Company's Amended and Restated Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan and its Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Long-Term Incentive Plan. Earnings allocable to participating securities include the portion of dividends declared as well as the portion of undistributed earnings during the period allocable to participating securities.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") on revenue recognition using the full retrospective method. This new accounting standard outlines a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. This standard supersedes existing revenue recognition requirements and eliminates most industry-specific guidance from GAAP. The core principle of the revenue recognition standard is to require an entity to recognize as revenue the amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services as it transfers control to its customers. As a result of the Company's adoption of this standard, the majority of the amounts that were historically classified as bad debt expense, primarily related to patient responsibility, are now considered an implicit price concession in determining net revenue. Accordingly, the Company reports uncollectible balances associated with patient responsibility as a reduction of the transaction price and therefore as a reduction in net revenues when historically these amounts were classified as bad debt expense within selling, general and administrative expenses. In addition, the adoption of this new accounting standard resulted in increased disclosure, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. For further details, see Note 3.
Adoption of the standard impacted the Company's previously reported results as follows:
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As Previously Reported
|
|
Adjustment for New Accounting Standard on Revenue Recognition
|
|
As Restated
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statement of Operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues
|
$
|
1,899
|
|
|
$
|
(82
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,817
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses
|
$
|
437
|
|
|
$
|
(82
|
)
|
|
$
|
355
|
|
Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
|
$
|
164
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
164
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for doubtful accounts
|
$
|
84
|
|
|
$
|
(82
|
)
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
$
|
(117
|
)
|
|
$
|
82
|
|
|
$
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
$
|
1,193
|
|
|
$
|
(261
|
)
|
|
$
|
932
|
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts
|
$
|
269
|
|
|
$
|
(261
|
)
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
|
$
|
924
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
924
|
|
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard issued by the FASB on the recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities. This new accounting standard requires that all equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, companies may elect to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. In addition, the new accounting standard eliminated the requirement to disclose the method and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial position.
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted two new accounting standards issued by the FASB that clarify presentation and classification in the statement of cash flows on a retrospective basis. As a result of adoption:
|
|
•
|
Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are now presented with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. As a result of adoption, there was no impact to cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and no impact to cash flows from operating or financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017.
$25 million
of escrow proceeds associated with the disposition of the Focus Diagnostics products business in May 2016, which was previously reported as a cash inflow from investing activities for the three months ended
March 31, 2017
, is no longer presented within the net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as it is included in the beginning-of-period balance of restricted cash. Refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information regarding the disposition of the Focus Diagnostics products business.
|
|
|
•
|
The classification of how certain cash receipts and payments are presented within the statement of cash flows has been clarified. As a result, cash payments for debt retirement costs are now presented as a financing cash outflow in the consolidated statement of cash flows. There were no debt retirement costs for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
|
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard issued by the FASB that provides a framework for evaluating whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition (or disposal) of assets or a business. If an entity determines that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, then the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. If this threshold is not met, in order to be considered a business the set of transferred assets and activities must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The adoption of this standard, which was done on a prospective basis, will require future transactions to be evaluated under the new framework.
New Accounting Standards To Be Adopted
In February 2016, the FASB issued an Accounting Standard Updated ("ASU") that amends accounting for leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee will recognize assets and liabilities for most leases on its balance sheet but will recognize expense on its statement of operations similar to current lease accounting. The ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted. The new guidance must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition approach, and provides for certain practical expedients. The adoption of this ASU will result in a significant increase to the Company’s balance sheet for lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, which has not yet been quantified. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Significant implementation matters being addressed by the Company include implementing an integrated third-party lease accounting application, assessing the impact to its internal controls over financial reporting and documenting the new lease accounting process.
In June 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that changes the impairment model for most financial instruments, including trade receivables, from an incurred loss method to a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses. The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
In February 2018, the FASB issued an ASU that provides companies with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The guidance will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted, and would be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the tax rate as a result of TCJA is recognized. The Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
DIS
Net revenues in the Company’s DIS business accounted for greater than
95%
of the Company’s total net revenues for both the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
and are primarily comprised of a high volume of relatively low-dollar transactions. The DIS business, which provides clinical testing services and other services, satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenues upon completion of the testing process or when services have been rendered. The Company estimates the amount of consideration it expects to be entitled to receive from customer groups, determined using the portfolio approach, in exchange for providing services. These estimates include the impact of contractual allowances and price concessions, as discussed below. The portfolios determined using the portfolio approach consist of the following groups of customers: healthcare insurers, government payers, client payers and patients. Contracts with customers in the DIS business do not contain significant financing components based on the typical period of time between performance of services and collection of consideration.
The following are descriptions of the DIS business’ portfolios:
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
Healthcare Insurers
Reimbursements from healthcare insurers are based on negotiated fee-for-service schedules and on capitated payment rates. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of contractual allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from such payers, which considers historical denial and collection experience and the terms of the Company’s contractual arrangements. Adjustments to the allowances, based on actual receipts from the third-party payers, are recorded upon settlement.
Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive is normally a function of providing complete and correct billing information to the healthcare insurers within the various filing deadlines and typically occurs within
30
to
60
days of billing. Provided the Company has billed healthcare insurers accurately with complete information prior to the established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no collection risk. If there has been a delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and if so, it will reserve accordingly for the billing.
Under capitated arrangements with healthcare insurers, the Company recognizes revenue based on a predetermined monthly reimbursement rate for each member of an insurer's health plan regardless of the number or cost of services provided by the Company. Healthcare insurers typically reimburse the Company under capitated arrangements in the same month services are performed, essentially giving rise to no outstanding accounts receivable at the end of a reporting period. If any capitated payments are not received on a timely basis, the Company determines the cause and makes a separate determination as to whether or not the collection of the amount from the healthcare insurer is at risk and, if so, would reserve accordingly.
Government Payers
Reimbursements from government payers are based on fee-for-service schedules set by governmental authorities, including traditional Medicare and Medicaid. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of contractual allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from such payers, which considers historical denial and collection experience and other factors. Adjustments to the allowances, based on actual receipts from the government payers, are recorded upon settlement.
Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive is normally a function of providing the complete and correct billing information within the various filing deadlines and typically occurs within
30
days of billing. Provided the Company has billed government payers accurately with complete information prior to the established filing deadline, there has historically been little to no collection risk. If there has been a delay in billing, the Company determines if the amounts in question will likely go past the filing deadline, and, if so, it will reserve for the billing, accordingly.
Client Payers
Client payers include physicians, hospitals, ACOs, IDNs, employers, other commercial laboratories and institutions for which services are performed on a wholesale basis, and are billed based on negotiated fee schedules. Credit risk and ability to pay are more of a consideration for these payers than healthcare insurers and government payers. Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive typically occurs within
60
to
90
days of billing.
Patients
Uninsured patients are billed based on established patient fee schedules or fees negotiated with physicians on behalf of their patients. Insured patients (includes coinsurance and deductible responsibilities) are billed based on fees negotiated with healthcare insurers. Collection of billings from patients is subject to credit risk and ability of the patients to pay. Revenues consist of amounts billed net of discounts provided to uninsured patients in accordance with the Company’s policies and implicit price concessions. Implicit price concessions represent differences between amounts billed and the estimated consideration the Company expects to receive from patients, which considers historical collection experience and other factors including current market conditions. Adjustments to the estimated allowances, based on actual receipts from the patients, are recorded upon settlement. Patient billings are generally fully reserved for when the related billing reaches
210
days outstanding. Balances are automatically written off when they are sent to collection agencies. Allowances are further adjusted for estimated recoveries of amounts sent to collection agencies based on historical collection experience, which is regularly monitored. Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive typically occurs within
30
to
60
days of billing.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
DS
The Company’s DS businesses primarily satisfy their performance obligations and recognize revenues when delivery has occurred or services have been rendered. Collection of consideration the Company expects to receive typically occurs within
30
to
60
days of billing.
The approximate percentage of net revenue by type of customer was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Healthcare insurers:
|
|
|
|
Fee-for-service
|
34
|
%
|
|
33
|
%
|
Capitated
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
|
Total healthcare insurers
|
38
|
|
|
37
|
|
Government payers
|
16
|
|
|
17
|
|
Client payers
|
30
|
|
|
30
|
|
Patient
|
12
|
|
|
11
|
|
Total DIS
|
96
|
|
|
95
|
|
DS
|
4
|
|
|
5
|
|
Net revenues
|
100
|
%
|
|
100
|
%
|
For the three months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
, substantially all of the Company’s services were provided within the United States, see Note 14.
4. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Amounts attributable to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
|
$
|
177
|
|
|
$
|
164
|
|
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
Earnings available to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders – basic and diluted
|
$
|
176
|
|
|
$
|
163
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic
|
136
|
|
|
137
|
|
Effect of dilutive securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock options and performance share units
|
3
|
|
|
4
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted
|
139
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share attributable to Quest Diagnostics’ common stockholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
$
|
1.30
|
|
|
$
|
1.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
$
|
1.27
|
|
|
$
|
1.16
|
|
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
The following securities were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share due to their antidilutive effect:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Stock options
|
2
|
|
|
1
|
|
5
. RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES
Invigorate Program
The Company is committed to a program called Invigorate which is designed to reduce its cost structure and improve performance. Invigorate consists of several flagship programs, with structured plans in each, to drive savings and improve performance across the customer value chain. These flagship programs include: organization excellence; information technology excellence; procurement excellence; service excellence; lab excellence; and billing excellence. The Invigorate program is intended to partially offset reimbursement pressures and labor and benefit cost increases; free up additional resources to invest in science, innovation and other growth initiatives; and enable us to improve service quality and operating profitability. Additionally, the program is driving the standardization of processes, information technology systems and equipment and data; digitization of the Company's services; and enhancement of reimbursement for work performed.
Restructuring Charges
The following table provides a summary of the Company's pre-tax restructuring charges for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Employee separation costs
|
$
|
11
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
Facility-related costs
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total restructuring charges
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
The restructuring charges incurred for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
were primarily associated with various workforce reduction initiatives as the Company continues to simplify and restructure its organization. Of the total restructuring charges incurred during the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
,
$4 million
and
$8 million
were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively. Of the total restructuring charges incurred during the
three
months ended
March 31, 2017
,
$2 million
and
$1 million
were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.
Charges for all periods presented were primarily recorded in the Company's DIS business.
The restructuring liability as of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
, which is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses, was
$27 million
and
$22 million
, respectively.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
6. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
On February 1, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Mobile Medical Examination Services, Inc. ("MedXM"), in an all cash transaction for
$142 million
, net of
$5 million
cash acquired, which consisted of cash consideration of
$130 million
and contingent consideration estimated at
$12 million
. The contingent consideration arrangement is dependent upon the achievement of certain revenue targets. MedXM is a leading national provider of home-based health risk assessments and related services. Through the acquisition, the Company acquired all of MedXM's operations. Based on the preliminary purchase price allocation, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed consist of
$77 million
of intangible assets,
$57 million
of goodwill (of which
$45 million
is currently tax deductible),
$7 million
of working capital and
$1 million
of property, plant and equipment. The intangible assets consist primarily of customer related assets which are being amortized over a useful life of
15
years. For further details regarding the fair value of the contingent consideration, see Note 7.
This acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. As such, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded based on their estimated fair values as of the closing date. Supplemental pro forma combined financial information has not been presented as the impact of the acquisition is not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The goodwill recorded primarily includes the expected synergies resulting from combining the operations of the acquired entity with those of the Company and the value associated with an assembled workforce and other intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. All of the goodwill acquired in connection with the acquisition has been allocated to the Company's DIS business. For further details regarding business segment information, see Note 14.
On March 22, 2018, the Company finalized an agreement to acquire the outreach laboratory service business of Cape Cod Healthcare, Inc. Closing of the transaction remains subject to customary closing conditions.
For details regarding the Company's
2017
acquisitions, see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table provides a summary of the recognized assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
|
|
|
|
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets /
Liabilities
|
|
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
|
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
|
March 31, 2018
|
Total
|
|
Level 1
|
|
Level 2
|
|
Level 3
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading securities
|
$
|
57
|
|
|
$
|
57
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies
|
36
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
—
|
|
Equity securities
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
95
|
|
|
$
|
59
|
|
|
$
|
36
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
$
|
114
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
114
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Deferred compensation liabilities
|
102
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Contingent consideration
|
20
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
20
|
|
Total
|
$
|
236
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
216
|
|
|
$
|
20
|
|
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
|
December 31, 2017
|
Total
|
|
Level 1
|
|
Level 2
|
|
Level 3
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading securities
|
$
|
58
|
|
|
$
|
58
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies
|
37
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
—
|
|
Equity securities
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
$
|
97
|
|
|
$
|
60
|
|
|
$
|
37
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred compensation liabilities
|
$
|
103
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
103
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
89
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
—
|
|
Contingent consideration
|
7
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
7
|
|
Total
|
$
|
199
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
192
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
A full description regarding the Company's fair value measurements is contained in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in non-qualified supplemental deferred compensation plans. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are invested in a variety of participant-directed stock and bond mutual funds that are classified as trading securities. The trading securities are classified within Level 1 because the changes in the fair value of these securities are measured using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held, exclusive of any transaction costs. A corresponding adjustment for changes in fair value of the trading securities is also reflected in the changes in fair value of the deferred compensation obligation. The deferred compensation liabilities are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the trading securities.
The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in a non-qualified deferred compensation program. A participant's deferrals, together with Company matching credits, are “invested” at the direction of the employee in a hypothetical portfolio of investments which are tracked by an administrator. The Company purchases life insurance policies, with the Company named as beneficiary of the policies, for the purpose of funding the program's liability. Changes in the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies are based upon earnings and changes in the value of the underlying investments. Changes in the fair value of the deferred compensation obligation are derived using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units. The cash surrender value and the deferred compensation obligations are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the hypothetical investments. The plan was amended effective January 1, 2018 so that future deferrals under the plan may only be made by participants who made deferrals under the plan in 2017.
The fair value measurements of the Company's interest rate swaps classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are model-derived valuations as of a given date in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets including certain financial information and certain assumptions regarding past, present and future market conditions.
Investment in equity securities represents an investment in registered shares of a publicly-held company. The Company's investment in equity securities is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is obtained from quoted prices in an active market.
In April 2014, and as further discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company completed the acquisition of Steward Health Care Systems, LLC's laboratory outreach business. In connection with the acquisition, the Company initially recorded a contingent consideration liability of
$4 million
. The contingent consideration liability was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy measured at fair value using a probability weighted and discounted cash flow method. The remaining balance as of
March 31, 2018
of
$1 million
is expected to be paid in 2018.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
In December 2017, and as further discussed in Note 5 and Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company completed the acquisition of Shiel Holdings, LLC ("Shiel") which provides for up to
$15 million
of contingent consideration to be paid based on the achievement of certain testing volume benchmarks. In connection with the acquisition, the Company initially recorded a contingent consideration liability of
$6 million
which was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The contingent consideration was measured at fair value using an option-pricing model. Significant inputs included management's estimate of volume and other market inputs including comparable company revenue volatility of
6.9%
and a discount rate of
4.5%
. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration associated with Shiel was increased to
$7 million
in the first quarter of 2018 as a result of the remeasurement of the liability. Any contingent consideration associated with Shiel will be paid in 2018.
In February 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of MedXM which provides for up to
$30 million
of contingent consideration to be paid based on the achievement of certain revenue targets. In connection with the acquisition, the Company initially recorded a contingent consideration liability of
$12 million
which was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The contingent consideration was measured at fair value using an option-pricing model. Significant inputs included management's estimate of revenue and other market inputs including comparable company revenue volatility of
12.7%
and a discount rate of
5.4%
. Any contingent consideration associated with MedXM is expected to be paid in 2019. For further details regarding the MedXM acquisition, see Note 6.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of liabilities using significant
unobservable inputs (Level 3):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contingent Consideration
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2017
|
$
|
7
|
|
Purchases, additions and issuances
|
12
|
|
Settlements
|
—
|
|
Total gains/losses - realized/unrealized:
|
|
Included in earnings
|
1
|
|
Balance, March 31, 2018
|
$
|
20
|
|
The
$1 million
loss included in earnings associated with the change in the fair value of contingent consideration for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
is reported in other operating expense, net.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value based on the short maturities of these instruments. As of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
, the fair value of the Company’s debt was estimated at
$4.1 billion
and
$4.0 billion
, respectively. Principally all of the Company's debt is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value of the debt is estimated based on rates currently offered to the Company with identical terms and maturities, using quoted active market prices and yields, taking into account the underlying terms of the debt instruments.
8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in goodwill for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and for the year ended
December 31, 2017
were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
2018
|
|
December 31,
2017
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
$
|
6,335
|
|
|
$
|
6,000
|
|
Goodwill acquired during the period
|
57
|
|
|
335
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
$
|
6,392
|
|
|
$
|
6,335
|
|
Principally all of the Company’s goodwill as of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
was associated with its DIS business.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
For the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
, goodwill acquired during the period was associated with the MedXM acquisition (see Note 6). For the year ended
December 31, 2017
, goodwill acquired was principally associated with the acquisitions of the clinical and anatomic pathology laboratory business of Shiel Holdings, LLC, the outreach laboratory service business of PeaceHealth Laboratories, Med Fusion, LLC and Clearpoint Diagnostic Laboratories, LLC, Cleveland HeartLab, Inc. and the outreach laboratory service businesses of The William W. Backus Hospital and The Hospital of Central Connecticut. For details regarding the Company's 2017 acquisitions, see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Intangible assets at
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
Amortization
Period
(in years)
|
|
March 31, 2018
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
Accumulated
Amortization
|
|
Net
|
|
Cost
|
|
Accumulated
Amortization
|
|
Net
|
Amortizing intangible assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Customer-related
|
18
|
|
$
|
1,284
|
|
|
$
|
(422
|
)
|
|
$
|
862
|
|
|
$
|
1,210
|
|
|
$
|
(404
|
)
|
|
$
|
806
|
|
Non-compete agreements
|
7
|
|
7
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
2
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
2
|
|
Technology
|
17
|
|
96
|
|
|
(46
|
)
|
|
50
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
(45
|
)
|
|
50
|
|
Other
|
9
|
|
107
|
|
|
(83
|
)
|
|
24
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
(80
|
)
|
|
25
|
|
Total
|
17
|
|
1,494
|
|
|
(556
|
)
|
|
938
|
|
|
1,417
|
|
|
(534
|
)
|
|
883
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade names
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
235
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
1
|
|
Total intangible assets
|
|
|
$
|
1,730
|
|
|
$
|
(556
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,174
|
|
|
$
|
1,653
|
|
|
$
|
(534
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,119
|
|
The estimated amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter as of
March 31, 2018
is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ending December 31,
|
|
|
Remainder of 2018
|
$
|
66
|
|
2019
|
87
|
|
2020
|
86
|
|
2021
|
80
|
|
2022
|
77
|
|
2023
|
76
|
|
Thereafter
|
466
|
|
Total
|
$
|
938
|
|
9. DEBT
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
In March 2018, the Company amended and restated the agreement for its
$750 million
senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility” or "Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility"). As a result, the Credit Facility will mature in March 2023. Under the Credit Facility, the Company can issue letters of credit totaling
$150 million
(see Note 13). Issued letters of credit reduce the available borrowing capacity under the facility. Interest on the Credit Facility is based on certain published rates plus an applicable margin based on changes in the Company's public debt ratings. As of
March 31, 2018
, the Company's borrowing rate for LIBOR-based loans under the Credit Facility was LIBOR plus
1.125%
. The Credit
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
Facility contains various covenants, including the maintenance of a financial leverage ratio, which could impact the Company's ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness. As of
March 31, 2018
, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility.
During the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
, there were
$935 million
in cumulative borrowings primarily associated with the funding of the MedXM acquisition in February 2018 and other working capital requirements and
$830 million
in repayments under the secured receivables credit facility.
10
. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to market risks for changes in interest rates and, from time to time, foreign currencies. This strategy includes the use of interest rate swap agreements, forward starting interest rate swap agreements, treasury lock agreements and foreign currency forward contracts to manage its exposure to movements in interest and currency rates. The Company has established policies and procedures for risk assessment and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instrument activities. These policies prohibit holding or issuing derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments that contain credit-risk-related contingent features or requirements to post collateral.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its cash and cash equivalents and its debt obligations. Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents may fluctuate as interest rates change; however, due to their relatively short maturities, the Company does not hedge these assets or their investment cash flows and the impact of interest rate risk is not material. The Company's debt obligations consist of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt instruments. The Company's primary objective is to achieve the lowest overall cost of funding while managing the variability in cash outflows within an acceptable range. In order to achieve this objective, the Company has entered into interest rate swaps. Interest rate swaps involve the periodic exchange of payments without the exchange of underlying principal or notional amounts. Net settlements between the counterparties are recognized as an adjustment to interest expense, net.
Interest Rate Derivatives – Cash Flow Hedges
From time to time, the Company has entered into various interest rate lock agreements and forward starting interest rate swap agreements to hedge part of the Company's interest rate exposure associated with the variability in future cash flows attributable to changes in interest rates.
The total net loss, net of taxes, recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, related to the Company's cash flow hedges as of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
was
$8 million
and
$9 million
, respectively. The net amount of deferred losses on cash flow hedges that is expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into interest expense, net within the next twelve months is
$3 million
.
Interest Rate Derivatives – Fair Value Hedges
The Company maintains various fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps to convert a portion of the Company's long-term debt into variable interest rate debt. A summary of the notional amounts of these interest rate swaps as of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notional Amount
|
Debt Instrument
|
|
March 31, 2018
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.25% Senior Notes due April 2024
|
|
$
|
250
|
|
|
$
|
250
|
|
3.50% Senior Notes due March 2025
|
|
600
|
|
|
600
|
|
3.45% Senior Notes due June 2026
|
|
350
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,200
|
|
|
$
|
1,200
|
|
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
The fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements in the table above have variable interest rates ranging from one-month LIBOR plus
2.2%
to one-month LIBOR plus
3.0%
.
As of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
, the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges included in the carrying amount of long-term debt:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carrying Amount of Hedged Long-Term Debt
|
|
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment (a)
|
|
Carrying Amount of Hedged Long-Term Debt
|
|
Hedge Accounting Basis Adjustment (a)
|
Balance Sheet Classification
|
|
March 31, 2018
|
|
March 31, 2018
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
Long-term debt
|
|
$
|
1,106
|
|
|
$
|
(62
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,132
|
|
|
$
|
(33
|
)
|
(a) The balance includes
$52 million
and
$56 million
of remaining unamortized hedging adjustment on a discontinued relationship as of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
, respectively.
The following table presents the effect of fair value hedge accounting on the statement of operations for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
|
Other (expense) income, net
|
|
Other (expense) income, net
|
Total for line item in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
|
|
|
|
|
Hedged items (Long-term debt)
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
|
|
$
|
(25
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
A summary of the fair values of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheets was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2018
|
|
December 31, 2017
|
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
|
|
Balance Sheet
Classification
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Balance Sheet
Classification
|
|
Fair Value
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
$
|
114
|
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
$
|
89
|
|
A full description regarding the Company's use of derivative financial instruments is contained in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
11
. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
Stockholders' Equity
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component
Comprehensive income (loss) includes:
|
|
•
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments;
|
|
|
•
|
Net deferred loss on cash flow hedges, which represents deferred losses, net of tax on interest rate related derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, net of amounts reclassified to interest expense (see Note
10
).
|
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
Prior to adoption of the new accounting guidance on recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, comprehensive income (loss) also included investment adjustments, which represented unrealized holding gains (losses), net of tax on available for sale securities, net of other-than-temporary impairment amounts reclassified to other (expense) income, net. Refer to Note 2 for details regarding the adoption of the new accounting standard related to the recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities.
For the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
, the tax effects related to the deferred losses on cash flow hedges were not material. Foreign currency translation adjustments related to indefinite investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries are not adjusted for income taxes.
Dividend Program
During the first quarter of 2018, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of
$0.50
per common share. During each of the four quarters of
2017
, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of
$0.45
per common share.
Share Repurchase Program
As of
March 31, 2018
,
$867 million
remained available under the Company’s share repurchase authorizations. The share repurchase authorization has no set expiration or termination date.
Share Repurchases
For the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
, the Company repurchased
0.5 million
shares of its common stock for
$50 million
.
For the
three
months ended
March 31, 2017
, the Company repurchased
1.6 million
shares of its common stock for
$150 million
.
Shares Reissued from Treasury Stock
For the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
, the Company reissued
0.6 million
shares and
0.9 million
shares, respectively, from treasury stock for shares issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and stock option plans. For details regarding the Company's stock ownership and compensation plans, see Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
In connection with the sale of an
18.9%
noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary to UMass Memorial Medical Center ("UMass") on July 1, 2015, the Company granted UMass the right to require the Company to purchase all of its interest in the subsidiary at fair value commencing July 1, 2020. The subsidiary performs diagnostic information services in a defined territory within the state of Massachusetts. Since the redemption of the noncontrolling interest is outside of the Company's control, it has been presented outside of stockholders' equity at the greater of its carrying amount or its fair value. The Company records changes in the fair value of the noncontrolling interest immediately as they occur. As of
March 31, 2018
, the redeemable noncontrolling interest was presented at its fair value.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
12. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW & OTHER DATA
Supplemental cash flow and other data for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Depreciation expense
|
$
|
52
|
|
|
$
|
45
|
|
Amortization expense
|
22
|
|
|
17
|
|
Depreciation and amortization expense
|
$
|
74
|
|
|
$
|
62
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
$
|
(41
|
)
|
|
$
|
(37
|
)
|
Interest income
|
—
|
|
|
1
|
|
Interest expense, net
|
$
|
(41
|
)
|
|
$
|
(36
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid
|
$
|
49
|
|
|
$
|
46
|
|
Income taxes paid
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable associated with capital expenditures
|
$
|
16
|
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
Dividends payable
|
$
|
66
|
|
|
$
|
62
|
|
|
|
|
|
Businesses acquired:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of assets acquired
|
$
|
148
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
Fair value of liabilities assumed
|
(1
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
Fair value of net assets acquired
|
147
|
|
|
1
|
|
Merger consideration paid (payable), net
|
(12
|
)
|
|
—
|
|
Cash paid for business acquisitions
|
135
|
|
|
1
|
|
Less: Cash acquired
|
5
|
|
|
—
|
|
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
|
$
|
130
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
13
. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Letters of Credit
The Company can issue letters of credit totaling
$100 million
under its secured receivables credit facility and
$150 million
under its senior unsecured revolving credit facility. For further discussion regarding the Company's secured receivables credit facility and senior unsecured revolving credit facility, see Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 9 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.
In support of its risk management program, to ensure the Company’s performance or payment to third parties,
$71 million
in letters of credit under the secured receivables credit facility were outstanding as of
March 31, 2018
. The letters of credit primarily represent collateral for current and future automobile liability and workers’ compensation loss payments.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
Contingent Lease Obligations
The Company remains subject to contingent obligations under certain real estate leases, including leases that were entered into by certain predecessor companies of a subsidiary prior to the Company's acquisition of the subsidiary. No liability has been recorded for any of these potential contingent obligations. For further details, see Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Legal Matters
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings. Some of the proceedings against the Company involve claims that could be substantial in amount.
In the normal course of business, the Company has been named, from time to time, as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, arising in connection with the Company's activities as a provider of diagnostic testing, information and services. These legal actions may include lawsuits alleging negligence or other similar legal claims. These actions could involve claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages, and could have an adverse impact on the Company's client base and reputation.
The Company is also involved, from time to time, in other reviews, investigations and proceedings by governmental agencies regarding the Company's business, including, among other matters, operational matters, which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief. The number of these reviews, investigations and proceedings has increased in recent years with regard to many firms in the healthcare services industry, including the Company.
The federal or state governments may bring claims based on the Company's current practices, which it believes are lawful. In addition, certain federal and state statutes, including the
qui tam
provisions of the federal False Claims Act, allow private individuals to bring lawsuits against healthcare companies on behalf of government or private payers. The Company is aware of lawsuits, and from time to time has received subpoenas, related to billing practices based on the qui tam provisions of the Civil False Claims Act or other federal and state statutes, regulations or other laws. The Company understands that there may be other pending qui tam claims brought by former employees or other "whistle blowers" as to which the Company cannot determine the extent of any potential liability.
Management cannot predict the outcome of such matters. Although management does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of such matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, given the high degree of judgment involved in establishing loss estimates related to these types of matters, the outcome of such matters may be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the impact of such matters is determined or paid.
These matters are in different stages. Some of these matters are in their early stages. Matters may involve responding to and cooperating with various government investigations and related subpoenas. As of
March 31, 2018
, the Company does not believe that material losses related to legal matters are probable.
Reserves for legal matters totaled
$2 million
as of both
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
Reserves for General and Professional Liability Claims
As a general matter, providers of clinical testing services may be subject to lawsuits alleging negligence or other similar legal claims. These suits could involve claims for substantial damages. Any professional liability litigation could also have an adverse impact on the Company's client base and reputation. The Company maintains various liability insurance coverages for, among other things, claims that could result from providing, or failing to provide, clinical testing services, including inaccurate testing results, and other exposures. The Company's insurance coverage limits its maximum exposure on individual claims; however, the Company is essentially self-insured for a significant portion of these claims. Reserves for such matters, including those associated with both asserted and incurred but not reported claims, are established on an undiscounted basis by considering actuarially determined losses based upon the Company's historical and projected loss experience. Such reserves totaled
$113 million
and
$118 million
as of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
, respectively. Management believes that established reserves and present insurance coverage are sufficient to cover currently estimated exposures. Management cannot predict the outcome of any claims made against the Company. Although management does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings or claims will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, given the high degree of judgment involved in establishing accruals for loss estimates related to these types of matters, the outcome may be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the impact of such claims is determined or paid.
14. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company's DIS business is the only reportable segment based on the manner in which the Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), assesses performance and allocates resources across the organization. The DIS business provides diagnostic information services to a broad range of customers, including patients, clinicians, hospitals, IDNs, health plans, employers and ACOs. The Company is the world's leading provider of diagnostic information services, which includes providing information and insights based on the industry-leading menu of routine, non-routine and advanced clinical testing and anatomic pathology testing, and other diagnostic information services. The DIS business accounted for greater than
95%
of net revenues in
2018
and
2017
.
All other operating segments include the Company's DS businesses, which consist of its risk assessment services and healthcare information technology businesses. The Company's DS businesses are the leading provider of risk assessment services for the life insurance industry and the Company offers healthcare organizations and clinicians robust information technology solutions.
As of
March 31, 2018
, substantially all of the Company’s services were provided within the United States, and substantially all of the Company’s assets were located within the United States.
The following table is a summary of segment information for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
. Segment asset information is not presented since it is not used by the CODM at the operating segment level. Operating earnings (loss) of each segment represents net revenues less directly identifiable expenses to arrive at operating income (loss) for the segment. General corporate activities included in the table below are comprised of general management and administrative corporate expenses, amortization and impairment of intangibles assets and other operating income and expenses, net of certain general corporate activity costs that are allocated to the DIS and DS businesses. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Company as set forth in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 2 to the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Net revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIS business
|
$
|
1,803
|
|
|
$
|
1,730
|
|
All other operating segments
|
81
|
|
|
87
|
|
Total net revenues
|
$
|
1,884
|
|
|
$
|
1,817
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating earnings (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIS business
|
$
|
308
|
|
|
$
|
306
|
|
All other operating segments
|
11
|
|
|
13
|
|
General corporate activities
|
(47
|
)
|
|
(40
|
)
|
Total operating income
|
272
|
|
|
279
|
|
Non-operating expenses, net
|
(43
|
)
|
|
(33
|
)
|
Income before income taxes and equity in earnings of equity method investees
|
229
|
|
|
246
|
|
Income tax expense
|
(52
|
)
|
|
(78
|
)
|
Equity in earnings of equity method investees, net of taxes
|
12
|
|
|
7
|
|
Net income
|
189
|
|
|
175
|
|
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
12
|
|
|
11
|
|
Net income attributable to Quest Diagnostics
|
$
|
177
|
|
|
$
|
164
|
|
15
. RELATED PARTIES
The Company's equity method investees primarily consist of its clinical trials central laboratory services joint venture and its diagnostic information services joint ventures, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. During each of the three months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
, the Company recognized net revenues of
$9 million
associated with diagnostic information services provided to its equity method investees. As of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
, there was
$4 million
and
$3 million
, respectively, of accounts receivable from equity method investees related to such services.
During each of the three months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
, the Company recognized income of
$4 million
associated with the performance of certain corporate services, including transition services, for its equity method investees, classified within selling, general and administrative expenses. As of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
, there was
$5 million
and
$7 million
, respectively, of other receivables from equity method investees included in prepaid expenses and other current assets related to these service agreements and other transition related items. In addition, accounts payable and accrued expenses both as of
March 31, 2018
and
December 31, 2017
included
$1 million
due to equity method investees.
16. TAXES ON INCOME
For the three months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
, the effective income tax rate was
22.5%
and
31.8%
, respectively. The lower effective income tax rate was primarily due to the reduced corporate tax rate as a result of the TCJA. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three months ended
March 31, 2018
and
2017
benefited from
$8 million
and
$16 million
, respectively, of excess tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation arrangements.
The Company recognized the income tax effects of the TCJA in its audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s
2017
Annual Report on Form 10-K in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which provides Securities and Exchange Commission staff guidance for the application of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period in which the TCJA was signed into law. The guidance also provides for a measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date for the Company to complete the accounting for the U.S. tax law changes. As such, the Company’s 2017 financial results reflected the provisional estimate of the income tax effects of the TCJA. No subsequent adjustments have been made to the amounts recorded as of December 31, 2017, which continue to represent a provisional estimate of the impact of
QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – CONTINUED
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
TCJA. The estimate of the impact of TCJA is based on certain assumptions and the Company's current interpretation, and may change, as the Company receives additional clarification and implementation guidance and as the interpretation of the TCJA evolves over time.