UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
DIGITAL ANGEL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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DELAWARE
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43-1641533
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(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
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490 Villaume Avenue
South St. Paul, Minnesota 55075-2443
(651) 455-1621
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
Joseph J. Grillo
Chief Executive Officer and President
Digital Angel Corporation
490 Villaume Avenue
South St. Paul, Minnesota 55075-2443
Phone: (651) 455-1621
Fax: (651) 455-0217
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copies of all correspondence to:
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Philip T. Colton, Esq.
Winthrop & Weinstine, P.A.
225 South 6th Street, Suite 3500
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402-4629
Phone: (612) 604-6400
Fax: (612) 604-6929
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Patricia Petersen, Esq.
Digital Angel Corporation
490 Villaume Avenue
South St. Paul, Minnesota 55075-2443
Phone: (651) 455-1621
Fax: (651) 455-0217
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From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box:
o
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous
basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in
connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box:
þ
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b)
under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.
o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act,
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering.
o
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective
amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule
462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.
o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General
Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities
pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large
accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer
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Accelerated filer
þ
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Non-accelerated filer
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Smaller reporting company
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Proposed Maximum
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Proposed Maximum
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Amount of
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Title of Each Class of
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Amount to be
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Offering Price per
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Aggregate Offering
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Registration
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Securities to be Registered
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Registered
(1) (2)
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Unit
(3)
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Price
(3)
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Fee
(3)
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Common Stock, $.01
par value
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700,000
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$0.625
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$437,500
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$24.41
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(1)
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Represents up to 700,000 shares of the registrants common stock that
may be issued under the price protection terms of a settlement
agreement between the company and the selling security holder. Shares
originally issued to selling security holder were registered on Form
S-3 (Registration No. 333-144663) declared effective July 27, 2007.
For purposes of estimating the number of shares to be included in this
registration statement due to the price protection provisions of the
agreement, the registrant calculated a good faith estimate of the
number of shares that it believes will be issuable on or before
January 16, 2009 due to such potential price protection adjustments.
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(2)
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Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the shares being
registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of
common stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being
registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends, or
similar transactions.
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(3)
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Pursuant to Rule 457(c) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the
proposed offering price and registration fee were calculated on the
basis of the average of the high ($0.65) and low ($0.60) trading
prices for the common stock on November 28, 2008, as reported on the
Nasdaq Capital Market.
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The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary
to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically
states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with
Section
8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become
effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section
8(a)
, may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be
sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting any
offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED December 8, 2008
DIGITAL ANGEL CORPORATION
700,000
Shares of
Common Stock
This prospectus relates to the resale of up to an aggregate of 700,000 shares of our common stock,
par value $.01 per share, which may be required to be issued under the price protection provisions
of a settlement agreement with the selling security holder. As this prospectus relates to resales
of our common stock, we are not offering these shares for cash, and accordingly, we will not
receive any of the proceeds from the resales of our common stock. Resales of the shares of our
common stock may occur at various times by the selling security holder listed in this prospectus.
For more information, see Selling Security Holder below.
Our shares of common stock are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol DIGAD. (On
November 10, 2008, we effectuated a 1-for-8 reverse stock split of our common stock. As a result, a
D has been appended to our stock symbol. The D will be removed on December 8, 2008 and our
shares will then be listed under our prior symbol DIGA.) On November 28, 2008, the last reported
sale price of our common stock was $0.65 per share.
Our principal executive offices are located at 490 Villaume Avenue, South St. Paul, Minnesota 55075
and our telephone number is (651) 455-1621.
INVESTING IN THESE SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISK FACTORS
BEGINNING ON PAGE 10 OF THIS PROSPECTUS BEFORE PURCHASING THE COMMON STOCK.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR
DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The date of this prospectus is December
, 2008.
SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary
does not contain all of the information you should consider before making an investment decision.
You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including Risk Factors beginning on page 6, and
the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements incorporated in
this prospectus by reference to our
Form 10-Q
filed with the SEC on November 12, 2008 before making
an investment decision. Unless the context otherwise requires in this prospectus, the terms we,
us and our refer to Digital Angel Corporation and its subsidiaries.
DIGITAL ANGEL CORPORATION
Our Business
We develop innovative identification, location and software products for consumer, commercial and
government sectors worldwide. Our unique and often proprietary products provide safety for people,
animals, food chains, government/military assets, and commercial assets. Included in this diverse
product line are applications for radio frequency identification systems, commonly known as RFID,
end-to-end food safety systems and global positioning satellite communications systems, or GPS.
We operate in two business segments: Animal Identification and Emergency Identification. Pursuant
to our previous decision to streamline operations, we sold all unrelated businesses. See Recent
Events.
Animal Identification
Our Animal Identification segment develops, manufactures and markets visual and electronic
identification tags and implantable RFID microchips, primarily for identification, tracking and
location of companion pets, horses, livestock (e.g., cattle and hogs), fish and wildlife worldwide,
and, more recently, for animal bio-sensing applications, such as temperature reading for companion
pet and livestock applications. Our Animal Identification segments proprietary products focus on
pet identification and safeguarding and the positive identification and tracking of livestock and
fish, which we believe is crucial for asset management and for disease control and food safety.
This segments principal products are:
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visual and electronic ear tags for livestock; and
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implantable microchips and RFID scanners for the companion pet, horse,
livestock, and fish and wildlife industries.
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Emergency Identification
Our Emergency Identification segments proprietary products provide emergency location of aircraft,
people and maritime vessels. This segments principal products are:
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GPS enabled search and rescue equipment and intelligent communications
products and services for telemetry, mobile data and radio
communications applications, including our SARBE and McMurdo brands,
which serve military and commercial markets;
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GPS and geosynchronous satellite tracking systems, including tracking
software systems for mapping and messaging associated with the
security of high-value assets under the brand name MOB (man
overboard) Guardian; and
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alarm sounders for industrial use and other electronic components.
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Corporate/Eliminations Category
The Corporate/Eliminations category includes all amounts recognized upon consolidation of our
subsidiaries, such as the elimination of inter-segment revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities.
Corporate/Eliminations also includes interest expense, interest and other income and
administrative expenses associated with corporate activities and
1
functions. Included in the
liabilities of Corporate/Eliminations as of September 30, 2008, are approximately $1.2 million of
net liabilities related to companies that we sold or closed in 2001 and 2002. It is expected that
$0.3 million of these net liabilities will be reversed during the fourth quarter of 2008, as they
will no longer be considered our legal obligations.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of
significant accounting policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the year ended
December 31, 2007, except that inter-segment sales and transfers are generally accounted for as if
the sales or transfers were to third parties at current market prices. It is on this basis that
management utilizes the financial information to assist in making internal operating decisions. We
evaluate performance based on segment income as presented below.
About Us
We were incorporated on May 11, 1993 in Missouri and reincorporated on April 20, 2007 in Delaware.
Our Animal Identification business began selling visual ear tags in the late 1940s. Our principal
executive offices are located at 490 Villaume Avenue, South St. Paul, Minnesota 55075, and our
telephone number is (651) 455-1621.
Recent Events
Reverse Stock Split
On October 30, 2008, we held a special meeting of stockholders at which our shareholders approved
an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to effect a one-for-eight reverse
stock split of our common stock by proportionately decreasing the number of shares of common stock
without changing the par value of the stock. Our stockholders also approved an amendment to our
Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to increase the number of authorized shares of common
stock from 23,750,000 to 35,000,000. The reverse split was effectuated on November 10, 2008. Our
board of directors approved a reverse stock split believing that a higher per share trading price
might enable us to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market and
generate greater investor interest. All share information provided in this registration statement
has been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. As a result of the reverse stock split, a D
has been appended to our stock symbol. The D will be removed on December 8, 2008 and our shares
will then be listed under our prior symbol DIGA.
Financing Amendment
On October 2, 2008, we closed on an additional financing with Valens Offshore SPV II Corp
(Valens), whereby we issued Valens 187,500 shares of our common stock and a senior secured
non-convertible term note in the principal amount of $2,000,000 (the 2008 Note). The 2008 Note
accrues interest at the rate of 12% and matures on February 1, 2010.
Stock Purchase and Asset Purchase Agreements
On November 12, 2008, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (Stock Purchase Agreement) with
R&R Consulting Partners, LLC, a company controlled by Scott Silverman, and Scott Silverman, a past
executive officer and director of ours and VeriChip Corporation (VeriChip) and the current
Chairman of the Board of VeriChip, (collectively, the Stock Buyers), whereby we sold all
5,355,556 shares of VeriChip we owned to the Stock Buyers for $750,000 in cash. The stock sold was
approximately 45.6% of VeriChips issued and outstanding shares of common stock. The proceeds from
the sale, less expenses, were used for debt repayment.
In addition, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, Destron Fearing Corporation, entered into an Asset
Purchase Agreement with VeriChip (Asset Purchase Agreement), whereby VeriChip acquired certain
assets used or useful in the operation of the business of human-implantable passive radio-frequency
products (Human RFID Business) in exchange for $500,000 in cash. Under this agreement, among
other things, VeriChip was assigned certain patents, obtained the right not to be sued by us for
use of certain other patents we held, was granted a license to use certain trade secrets and
business know-how related to the Human RFID Business and was assigned certain rights in the Glucose
Sensor Development Agreement dated January 1, 2008 between us, VeriChip and Receptors, LLC. The
proceeds from the sale, less expenses, were used for debt repayment.
2
Pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, Joseph J. Grillo, our chief executive
officer and president, resigned as the chairman of VeriChips board of directors. In addition,
several agreements were terminated including the 2006 Tax Allocation Agreement dated as of
December 21, 2006 between the Company and VeriChip, the Letter Agreements dated May 15, 2008 and
December 17, 2007 between the Company and VeriChip and the Amended and Restated Supply, License and
Development Agreement dated as of December 27, 2005, as amended, between Destron Fearing and
VeriChip.
In connection with these transactions, we entered into a sublease with IFTH Acquisition Corp.,
formerly known as InfoTech USA, Inc. and a former affiliate of ours, whereby IFTH subleased from us
our previous corporate headquarters located in Delray Beach, FL, and prepaid the $157,250 lease
rental payments. Blue Moon Energy Partners, LLC, which is managed by Scott Silverman and William J.
Caragol, a current executive officer of VeriChip, is a majority owner of IFTH Acquisition Corp. On
November 14, 2008, we also entered into a purchase order with VeriChip, whereby VeriChip acquired
certain inventory related to the Human RFID Business for approximately $161,500 in cash. The
proceeds from these two transactions will be used for working capital.
Discontinued Operations
During the three-months ended March 31, 2008, we made a decision to sell our wholly-owned
subsidiaries, Florida Decision Corporation (FDC, formerly known as Pacific Decision Sciences
Corporation) and Thermo Life Energy Corp (Thermo Life). During the quarter ended September 30,
2007, we made a decision to sell our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Computer Equity Corporation
(Computer Equity) and Perimeter Acquisition Corp. (Perimeter) and on November 1, 2008, as more
fully discussed above, we sold our ownership interest in VeriChip. In addition, on July 2, 2007,
Destron Fearing sold its subsidiary, OuterLink Corporation (OuterLink). During the three-months
ended June 30, 2007, we made a decision to sell our then majority-owned subsidiary, IFTH
Acquisition Corp. These decisions were made as part of managements strategy to streamline
operations to focus its efforts on our Animal Identification and Emergency Identification
businesses. As a result, FDC, Thermo Life, OuterLink, Computer Equity, Perimeter, InfoTech and
VeriChip are now classified as discontinued operations. Accordingly, their results are not
included in the results from continuing operations for all periods presented in this registration
statement.
Financial Results From Continuing Operations
Revenues from each of our segments for the three-months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as
follows:
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Three-Months
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Ended September 30,
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2008
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2007
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(in thousands)
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(unaudited)
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Revenue:
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Animal Identification
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$
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8,217
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$
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10,346
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Emergency Identification
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10,639
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9,989
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Healthcare
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5,926
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Security and Industrial
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1,990
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Total
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$
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18,856
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$
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28,251
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3
Revenues from each of our segments for the nine-months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were as
follows:
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Nine-Months
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Ended September 30,
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2008
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2007
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(in thousands)
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(unaudited)
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Revenue:
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Animal Identification
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$
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29,566
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$
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31,635
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Emergency Identification
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32,419
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23,531
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Healthcare
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17,100
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Security and Industrial
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6,379
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Total
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$
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61,985
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$
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78,645
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(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes, minority interest and gain (loss)
attributable to capital transactions of subsidiaries from each of our segments for the three-months
ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows (we evaluate performance based on stand-alone
segment income as presented below):
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Three-Months Ended
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September 30,
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(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes,
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2008
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2007
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minority interest and gain (loss) attributable to capital
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(in thousands)
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transactions of subsidiaries by segment:
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(unaudited)
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Animal Identification
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$
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(26,859
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$
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(4,019
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Emergency Identification
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918
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1,163
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Healthcare
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(1,999
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Security and Industrial
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(1,123
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Corporate/Eliminations
(1)
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(7,726
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(3,035
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Total
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$
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(33,667
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$
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(9,013
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(1)
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The Corporate/Eliminations category includes all amounts
recognized upon consolidation of our subsidiaries, such as
the elimination of inter-segment revenues, expenses, assets
and liabilities and certain interest income/expense,
general administrative expense and other income/expenses
associated with corporate activities and functions. Also
included is other income associated with the reversal of
certain liabilities related to companies that we sold or
closed in 2001 and 2002.
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(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes, minority interest and gain (loss)
attributable to capital transactions of subsidiaries from each of our segments for the nine-months
ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows (we evaluate performance based on stand-alone
segment income as presented below):
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Nine-Months Ended
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September 30,
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(Loss) income from continuing operations before taxes,
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2008
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2007
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minority interest and gain (loss) attributable to capital
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(in thousands)
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transactions of subsidiaries by segment:
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(unaudited)
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Animal Identification
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$
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(35,873
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$
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(8,449
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)
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Emergency Identification
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2,272
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240
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Healthcare
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(6,331
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Security and Industrial
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(2,638
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Corporate/Eliminations
(1)
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(14,961
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(5,602
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Total
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$
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(48,562
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$
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(22,780
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(1)
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The Corporate/Eliminations category includes all amounts
recognized upon consolidation of our subsidiaries, such as
the elimination of inter-segment revenues, expenses, assets
and liabilities and certain interest income/expense,
general administrative expense and other income/expenses
associated with corporate activities and functions. Also
included is other income associated with the reversal of
certain liabilities related to companies that we sold or
closed in 2001 and 2002.
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4
THE OFFERING
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Common stock offered by the
selling security holder
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700,000 shares
(1)
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Common stock outstanding
after this offering
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15,952,005
(2)
shares as of November 28, 2008
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Use of proceeds
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We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of
shares of our common stock by the selling security
holder listed in this prospectus under Selling
Security Holder.
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Dividend policy
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We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock.
Currently, the provisions of our loan agreement with
our lender prohibit the payment of any form of
dividends with respect to our common stock without the
lenders prior approval.
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Market price of common stock
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The market price of shares of our common stock has
ranged from a high of $7.36 to a low of $0.51 during
the 12 months preceding the date of this prospectus.
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Risk factors
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See Risk Factors beginning on page 6, for a
discussion of factors you should carefully consider
before deciding to invest in our common stock.
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Nasdaq Capital Market symbol
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DIGAD (On November 10, 2008, we effected a 1-for-8
reverse stock split. As a result a D has been
appended to our stock symbol. The D will be removed
on December 8, 2008 and our shares will then be listed
under our prior symbol DIGA.)
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(1)
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Represents 700,000 shares of our common stock that may be issued to the
selling security holder under the price protection provisions of a
settlement agreement between us and the selling security holder.
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(2)
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Based on the number of shares outstanding as of November 28, 2008,
excluding (i) outstanding warrants to purchase up to 384,506 shares of our
common stock, which are currently exercisable at a weighted average
exercise price of $27.49 per share, and (ii) options outstanding to
purchase 2,517,251 shares of our common stock, of which 2,336,003 are
currently exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $21.68 per
share.
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5
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks described below and all other information contained in or
incorporated by reference into this prospectus before making an investment decision. If any of the
following risks, or other risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we currently
think are immaterial, actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations
could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our shares could
decline, and you may lose part or all of your investment.
We have a history of operating losses and negative cash flows and we may not become profitable in
the future, which could ultimately result in our inability to continue operations in the normal
course of business.
Historically, we have incurred losses and, with the exception of the positive cash generated from
operations during the nine-months ended September 30, 2008, we have not generated positive cash
flows from operations. We incurred a consolidated loss from continuing operations of $48.2 million,
$35.0 million, $21.4 million and $5.2 million in the nine-months ended September 30, 2008 and the
years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and our consolidated operating
activities provided (used) cash of $0.7 million $(12.3) million and $(7.9) million during the
nine-months ended September 30, 2008 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
As of September 30, 2008, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $545.4 million. We have
funded our operating cash requirements, as well as our capital needs, with the proceeds from
investing and/or financing activities.
Our ability to achieve or sustain profitability in the future is based on a number of factors, many
of which are beyond our control, including the future demand for our RFID and GPS and
satellite-based systems. If demand for such systems does not reach anticipated levels, or if we
fail to manage our cost structure, we may not achieve or be able to sustain profitability. We
believe that we will be able to generate sufficient funds from operations and through financing
activities to operate our business over the twelve months ending September 30, 2009. Our goal is to
achieve profitability and to generate positive cash flows from operations. Our capital requirements
depend on a variety of factors, including but not limited to, the rate of increase or decrease in
our existing business base, the success, timing, and amount of investment required to bring new
products on-line, revenue growth or decline, and potential acquisitions. Failure to generate
positive cash flow from operations and to obtain additional cash to fund our operations will have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our
profitability and liquidity depend on many factors, including the success of our marketing
programs, the maintenance and reduction of expenses, the protection of our intellectual property
rights, our ability to successfully develop and bring to market new products and technologies and
our ability to obtain additional financing through the sale of assets and businesses that we own
and/or the issuance of debt and/or equity. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in
achieving profitability and generating sufficient cash from financing activities or from the sale
of assets and non-core businesses. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from
operations, financing efforts and the sale of assets and non-core businesses, we may be unable to
continue as a going concern.
Our stock price has reflected a great deal of volatility, including a significant decrease over the
past few years. The volatility may mean that, at times, our stockholders may be unable to resell
their shares at or above the price at which the shares were acquired.
From January 1, 2004 to November 28, 2008, the price per share of our common stock has ranged from
a high of 7.36 to a low of $0.51 (post-split prices). The price of our common stock has been, and
may continue to be, highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. The market value of our
common stock has declined in the past, in part, due to our operating performance and the general
decline in the financial markets. In the future, broad market and industry factors may decrease the
market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. Declines in the
market price of our common stock have and could continue to affect our access to capital, which
may, in the future, impact our ability to continue as a going concern. In addition, declines in the
price of our common stock could harm employee morale and retention, curtail investment
opportunities presented to us, and negatively impact other aspects of our business. As a result of
any such declines, stockholders may be unable to resell their shares at or above the price at which
the shares were acquired.
6
The current volatility in economic conditions and the financial markets may adversely affect our
industry, business and financial performance.
We have witnessed unprecedented disruptions in financial markets, including volatility in asset
values and constraints on the availability of credit. In response to these developments, the U.S.
government has taken, and may take further, steps designed to stabilize markets generally and
strengthen financial institutions in particular. The impact, if any, that these financial market
events or these governmental actions might have on us and our business is uncertain and cannot be
estimated at this time. The risk factors presented above discuss some of the principal risks
inherent in our business, including liquidity risks, operational risks, credit risks and foreign
currency risks, among others. The current upheaval in financial markets has accentuated each of
these risks and magnified their potential effect on us. At the same time, there appears to be a
general weakening of the U.S. economy. To the extent these economic developments continue to
worsen, and to the extent legislation or regulatory action adversely affects the U.S. economy,
there could be an adverse impact on our access to capital or our operating results.
If we fail to continue to meet all applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements, our stock could
be delisted by the Nasdaq Capital Market. If delisting occurs, it would adversely affect the market
liquidity of our common stock and harm our businesses.
Our common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol DIGAD. If we
fail to meet any of the continued listing standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market, our common stock
could be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market. These continued listing standards include
specifically enumerated criteria, such as:
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a $1.00 minimum closing bid price;
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shareholders equity of $2.5 million, market value of publicly-held shares of
$35 million, or net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently
completed fiscal year or in two of the last three most recently completed fiscal years;
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500,000 shares of publicly-held common stock with a market value of at least $1 million;
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300 round-lot stockholders; and
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compliance with Nasdaqs corporate governance requirements, as well as additional or
more stringent criteria that may be applied in the exercise of Nasdaqs discretionary
authority.
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On December 6, 2007, we received a letter from Nasdaq indicating that we were not in compliance
with the Nasdaqs requirements for continued listing because, for 30 consecutive business days, the
bid price of our common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share price requirement for
continued inclusion under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4310(c)(4), or the Rule. In accordance with the
Nasdaq Marketplace Rules, we were provided 180 calendar days, or until June 2, 2008, to regain
compliance with the Rule. On June 2, 2008, since we continued to meet all of the Nasdaq Capital
Market initial listing criteria set forth in Marketplace Rule 4310(c), except for the bid price
requirement, we were granted an additional 180 calendar day compliance period. On October 22,
2008, we received a letter from the Nasdaq that stated given extraordinary market conditions, the
Nasdaq had determined to suspend enforcement of the minimum bid price and market value of publicly
held shares requirements through Friday, January 16, 2009. As a result of Nasdaqs actions, all
Nasdaq listed companies presently in a minimum bid price or market value of publicly held shares
compliance period will remain at that same stage of the process and will not be subject to
delisting for these concerns during the suspension. It is presently expected that the continued
listing requirements will be reinstated on Monday, January 19, 2009 and the first relevant trade
date will be Tuesday, January 20, 2009. Since we had 46 calendar days remaining in our compliance
period as of October 16th, we expect to have, upon reinstatement of these continued listing
requirements, this number of days, or until March 6, 2009, to regain compliance. We can regain
compliance, either during the suspension or during the compliance period resuming after the
suspension, by achieving a $1.00 closing bid price for a minimum of 10 consecutive trading days.
Currently, except for the bid price requirement, we meet the Nasdaq Capital Market initial listing
criteria set forth in Marketplace Rule 4310(c).
7
If we do not regain compliance with the Rule by March 6, 2009, and the Nasdaq does not provide an
additional suspension of the minimum bid price requirement, Nasdaq will provide us with written
notification that our common stock will be delisted. In such case, we will have the right to
appeal Nasdaqs delisting determination to a Listing Qualifications Panel. We could be delisted
prior to March 6, 2009 for failure to maintain compliance with any other continued listing
requirements that occur during this period.
If our common stock is delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market, trading of our common stock most
likely will be conducted in the over-the-counter market on an electronic bulletin board established
for unlisted securities, such as the Pink Sheets or the OTC Bulletin Board. Such delisting could
adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for the continuation of our operations and could
result in the loss of confidence by investors, suppliers and employees.
We have substantial debt and debt service.
As of September 30, 2008, our indebtedness totaled approximately $15.7 million. As a result, we
incur significant interest expense. In addition, we are obligated to make monthly principal
payments under the terms of our notes. Our debt agreements contain certain events of default,
including, among other things, failure to pay, violation of covenants, and certain other expressly
enumerated events. Additionally, we have granted a first priority security interest in
substantially all of our assets and Destron Fearing Corporations assets, and we have pledged all
of the issued and outstanding capital stock we own in certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The degree to which we are leveraged could have important consequences, including the following:
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our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for capital
expenditures, potential acquisitions, and other purposes may be
limited, or financing may not be available on terms favorable to us or
at all; and
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a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations must be used
to pay our interest expense and repay our debt, which reduces the
funds that would otherwise be available to us for our operations and
future business opportunities.
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A default under our financing agreements could result in acceleration of indebtedness and permit
our lenders to foreclose on our assets and the pledged shares.
We have effected or entered into (and will likely continue to effect or enter into) capital raising
transactions, acquisitions, legal settlements and contracts for services that involve the issuance
of shares of our common stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares) and,
as a result, the value of our common stock may be further diluted.
We have effected and entered into (and will likely continue to effect and enter into) capital
raising transactions, acquisitions, legal settlements and contracts for services that involve the
issuance of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such
shares. These share issuances may be dilutive to the value of our common stock and may result in a
decrease in the market price of our common stock.
We have issued and outstanding a significant number of derivative securities (e.g., options and
warrants) and the conversion or exercise of such securities may adversely affect the market price
of our common stock.
As of November 28, 2008, there were outstanding warrants and options to acquire up to 0.4 million
additional shares of our common stock. The exercise of outstanding options and warrants and the
sale in the public market of the shares purchased upon exercise may have a dilutive effect on our
common stock and may result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock.
8
We rely heavily on revenues derived from sales to various governmental agencies, and the loss of,
or a significant reduction in, orders from government agencies could result in significant losses
and deficits in cash flows from operations.
Our principal customers for electronic identification devices for fish are Pacific States Marine, a
government contractor that relies on funding from the U.S. government, and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers. Our GPS and Radio Communications segment is heavily dependent on contracts with domestic
government agencies and foreign governments, including the United Kingdom, primarily relating to
military applications. Because we rely on revenues and cash flows generated from contracts,
directly or indirectly, with governmental agencies, the loss of any such contract would result in a
decrease in revenues and cash flows, and such a decrease may be significant and thereby have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our Animal Applications segment relies heavily on revenue from a principal distributor and two
customers and the loss of the principal distributor and customers could negatively affect our
revenue, cash flows and results of operations.
Our pet identification and location system is marketed in the U.S. by Schering-Plough. For the
nine-months ended September 30, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007, Schering-Plough
accounted for approximately 20% and 34%, respectively, of our Animal Applications segments
revenues, respectively. It may be difficult and time-consuming for us to arrange for distribution
of the implantable microchip by a third party in the U.S. The loss of Schering-Plough as our
exclusive distributor could negatively affect future sales. Our contract with Schering-Plough
expires on February 13, 2009 and may be renewed for an additional one year term at
Schering-Ploughs option. There is no assurance that Schering-Plough will exercise the renewal
option. Our principal customers for electronic identification devices for fish are Pacific States
Marine and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, orders
from these customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of
operations.
We depend on a small team of senior management and key employees, and we may have difficulty
attracting and retaining additional personnel.
Our future success depends in large part upon the continued services and performance of senior
management and other key personnel. If we lose the services of any member of our senior management
team, our overall operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, our future
success will depend on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, retain and motivate other
highly skilled technical, managerial, marketing, purchasing and customer service personnel when
they are needed. Competition for these individuals is intense. We cannot ensure that we will be
able to successfully attract, integrate or retain sufficiently qualified personnel when the need
arises. Any failure to attract and retain the necessary technical, managerial, marketing,
purchasing and customer service personnel could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations.
We experienced numerous changes with respect to our senior management in December 2007, including
changes of our chief executive officer and chief operating officer and the chief executive officers
of our two business segments. Since we depend heavily on the skills of those persons holding senior
management positions, the loss of any senior executive could materially adversely affect our
financial results. These senior executives, in many cases, have strong relationships with our
customers and suppliers. Therefore, the loss of the services of such senior executives or any
general instability in the composition of our senior management could have a negative impact on our
relationship with these customers and suppliers.
Over the past few years, we have made significant changes in the nature and scope of our businesses
and we have expanded into different product lines, including new, unproven technologies.
During the past few years, we have expanded into different product lines, including new, unproven
products such as our Bio-Thermo implantable microchips for livestock, companion pets and horses, as
well as our electronic R-Tags for the tracking and food safety of pigs, cattle and other livestock.
If we are not successful in implementing our business model and developing and marketing these
products or if these products do not gain sufficient market acceptance, we may not be able to
achieve or sustain profitable operations. In that case, the market price of our stock would likely
decrease.
9
Technological change could cause our products and technology to become obsolete or require the
redesign of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our businesses.
Technological changes within the industries in which we conduct business may require us to expend
substantial resources in an effort to develop new products and technology. We may not be able to
anticipate or respond to technological changes in a timely manner, and our response may not result
in successful product development and timely product introductions. If we are unable to anticipate
or respond to technological changes, our businesses could be adversely affected.
We may be subject to costly product liability claims from the use of our systems, which could
damage our reputation, impair marketability of our systems and force us to pay costs and damages
that may not be covered by adequate insurance.
Manufacturing, marketing, selling, testing and operation of our systems entail a risk of product
liability. We could be subject to product liability claims in the event our systems fail to perform
as intended. Even unsuccessful claims against us could result in the expenditure of funds in
litigation, the diversion of management time and resources, damage to our reputation and impairment
in the marketability of our systems. While we maintain liability insurance, it is possible that a
successful claim could be made against us, that the amount of our insurance coverage would not be
adequate to cover the costs of defending against or paying such a claim, or that damages payable by
us would harm our business.
The expiration of patents in 2008 and 2009 covering the implantable microchip technology used in
our Animal Identification segment will expose us to potential competition that may have a material
adverse effect on its sales and results of operations.
We rely on patents covering the implantable microchip technology used in our Animal Applications
segment. For the nine-months ended September 30, 2008 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and
2006, sales of Animal Applications products relying on this technology were $13.3 million,
$22.0 million and $13.8 million, respectively. Some of these patents expired in 2008 and others
expire in 2009. Without patent protection, our competitors may independently develop similar
technology or duplicate our systems or price competition may develop, which may have a material
adverse effect on our sales and results of operations.
Our inability to safeguard our intellectual property may adversely affect our business by causing
us to lose a competitive advantage or by forcing us to engage in costly and time-consuming
litigation to defend or enforce our rights.
We rely on copyrights, trademarks, trade secret protections, know-how and contractual safeguards to
protect our non-patented intellectual property. Our employees, consultants and advisors are
required to enter into confidentiality agreements that prohibit the disclosure or use of our
confidential information. We also have entered into confidentiality agreements to protect our
confidential information delivered to third parties for research and other purposes. There can be
no assurance that we will be able to effectively enforce these agreements, the confidential
information will not be disclosed, others will not independently develop substantially equivalent
confidential information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our confidential information,
or that we can meaningfully protect our confidential information. Costly and time-consuming
litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our confidential information,
and failure to maintain the confidentiality of our confidential information could adversely affect
our business by causing us to lose a competitive advantage maintained through such confidential
information.
Disputes may arise in the future with respect to the ownership of rights to any technology
developed with third parties. These and other possible disagreements could lead to delays in the
collaborative research, development or commercialization of our systems, or could require or result
in costly and time-consuming litigation that may not be decided in our favor. Any such event could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations by
delaying our ability to commercialize innovations or by diverting our resources away from
revenue-generating projects.
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We compete with other companies in the visual and electronic identification and pilot locator
beacon markets, and the products sold by our competitors could become more popular than our
products or render our products obsolete
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The markets for visual and electronic identification and pilot locator beacon products are highly
competitive. We believe that our principal competitors in the visual identification market for
livestock are AllFlex USA and Y-Tex Corporation, that our principal competitors in the electronic
identification market are AllFlex USA, Datamars SA and Avid Identification Systems, Inc., and that
our principal competitors in the pilot locator beacon market are Boeing North American Inc.,
General Dynamics Decision Systems, Tadiran Spectralink Ltd., Becker Avionic Systems, and ACR
Electronics, Inc.
In addition, other companies could enter any of these lines of business in the future. Many of our
competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than us. We may not be able to
compete successfully with these competitors, and those competitors may develop or market
technologies and products that are more widely accepted than ours or could render our products
obsolete or noncompetitive.
Infringement by third parties on our intellectual property or development of substantially
equivalent proprietary technology by our competitors could negatively affect our businesses.
Our success depends significantly on our ability to:
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maintain protection of our intellectual property;
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obtain future patents and licenses; and
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operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties.
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There can be no assurance that the measures we have taken to protect our intellectual property will
prevent the misappropriation or circumvention. In addition, there can be no assurance that any
patent application, when filed, will result in an issued patent, or that our existing patents, or
any patents that may be issued in the future, will provide us with significant protection against
competitors. Moreover, there can be no assurance that any patents issued to or licensed by us will
not be infringed upon or circumvented by others. Litigation to establish the validity of patents
and to assert infringement claims against others can be expensive and time-consuming, even if the
outcome, which is often uncertain, is in our favor. Infringement of our intellectual property or
the development of substantially equivalent technology by our competitors could have a material
adverse effect on our business.
Our efforts to protect our intellectual property may be less effective in some foreign countries
where intellectual property rights are not as well protected as in the U.S.
The laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property to as great an extent as do
the laws of the U.S. Policing unauthorized use of the intellectual property utilized in our systems
and system components is difficult, and there is a risk that our means of protecting our
intellectual property may prove inadequate in these countries. Our competitors in these countries
may independently develop similar technology or duplicate our systems, which would likely reduce
our sales in these countries. Furthermore, some of our patent rights may be limited in
enforceability to the U.S. or certain other select countries, which may limit our intellectual
property rights abroad.
Domestic and foreign government regulation and other factors could impair our ability to develop
and sell our products in certain markets.
The electronic animal identification market can be negatively affected by such factors as food
safety concerns, price, consumer perceptions regarding cost and efficacy, international technology
standards, government regulation and slaughterhouse removal of microchips.
We are also subject to federal, state and local regulation in the U.S., including regulation by the
FDA, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
and similar regulatory bodies in other countries. We cannot predict the extent to which we may be
affected by further legislative and
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regulatory developments concerning our products and markets. We are required to obtain regulatory
approval before marketing most of our products. The regulatory process can be very time-consuming
and costly, and there is no assurance that we will receive the regulatory approvals necessary to
sell our products. Regulatory authorities also have the authority to revoke approval of previously
approved products for cause, to request recalls of products and to close manufacturing plants in
response to violations. Any such regulatory action, including the failure to obtain such approval,
could prevent us from selling, or materially impair our ability to sell, our products in certain
markets and could negatively affect our businesses.
Our foreign operations pose additional risks to our businesses.
We operate our businesses and market our products internationally. During the nine- months ended
September 30, 2008 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, approximately 60%, 55% and 51%
of our sales were to private and public businesses in foreign countries. Our foreign operations are
subject to the risks described herein, as well as risks related to compliance with foreign laws and
other economic or political uncertainties. International sales are also subject to risks related to
general economic conditions, currency exchange rate fluctuations, imposition of tariffs, quotas,
trade barriers and other restrictions, enforcement of remedies in foreign jurisdictions and
compliance with applicable foreign laws, and other economic and political uncertainties. All of
these risks could result in increased costs or decreased revenues, which could have an adverse
effect on our financial results.
Our results of operations may be adversely affected if we write-off goodwill, other intangible
assets or investment in affiliates.
As of September 30, 2008, we had goodwill and other intangible assets of approximately $35.2
million. On January 1, 2002, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, or FAS 142, which
requires that goodwill and certain intangibles no longer be amortized, but instead tested for
impairment at least annually by applying a fair value based test. In the third quarter of 2008, as
a result of the decline in our market value of our common stock and the general economic
conditions, as well as in the fourth quarters of 2007, 2006 and 2005, we performed impairment test
for goodwill and certain other intangible assets using a fair value based approach, primarily
discounted cash flows. During the third quarter of 2008 and the fourth quarter of 2007, we recorded
an impairment charge of approximately $25.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively for goodwill
associated with our Animal Identification businesses. Based on managements discussion with
potential buyers during the three-months ended September 30, 2008, we also recorded an impairment
charge of approximately $1.2 million for our investment in VeriChip. In addition, during 2007, 2006
and 2005, we recorded an impairment charge of approximately $9.5 million, $6.6 million and
$7.1 million, respectively, for goodwill and other intangible assets associated with our
discontinued companies, Computer Equity and OuterLink, which are included in our results from
discontinued operations. We assess the fair value of our goodwill and other intangible assets
annually or earlier if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce
the fair value of these assets below their carrying value. These events or circumstances would
include a significant change in business climate, including a significant, sustained decline in an
entitys market value, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, sale or
disposition of a significant portion of the business, change in market capitalization or other
factors. If we determine that significant impairment has occurred, we are required to write off the
impaired portion of goodwill and our other intangible assets. Impairment charges could have a
material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
We face the risk that the value of our inventory may decline before it is sold or that our
inventory may not be able to be sold at the anticipated prices.
On September 30, 2008, the book value of our inventory was $12.4 million after reserves. Our
inventory may decline in value as a result of technological obsolescence or a change in the
product. Our success depends in part on our ability to minimize the cost to purchase/produce
inventory and turn that inventory rapidly through sales. The failure to turn such inventory may
require us to sell such inventory at a discount or at a loss or write down its value, which could
result in significant losses and decreases in our cash flows.
Currency exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse effect on our sales and financial
results.
During the nine-months ended September 30, 2008 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, we
generated approximately 61%, 52% and 38%, respectively, of sales and incurred a portion of our
expenses in currencies other
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than U.S. dollars. To date we have not incurred material amounts of foreign currency gains or
losses. However, to the extent that going forward we are unable to match revenues received in
foreign currencies with costs paid in the same currency exchange rate fluctuations in any such
currency could have an adverse effect on our financial results.
If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate
financial statements could be impaired, which could adversely affect our operating results, our
ability to operate our business and our stock price.
During the course of our testing of our internal controls, we may identify, and have to disclose,
material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls that will have to be
remediated. Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controls may require specific
compliance training of our directors, officers and employees, entail substantial costs in order to
modify our existing accounting systems, and take a significant period of time to complete. Such
changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and
any failure to maintain that adequacy, or consequent inability to produce accurate financial
statements on a timely basis, could increase our operating costs and could materially impair our
ability to operate our business. In addition, investors perceptions that our internal controls are
inadequate or that we are unable to produce accurate financial statements may negatively affect our
stock price.
If we are found liable in lawsuits that have been brought against us or if we are found liable in
other litigation to which we may become subject in the future, we may be forced to pay substantial
damages and change our business practices, which could have a material adverse effect on our
revenue and profitability.
We are currently involved in several legal proceedings. We have accrued our estimate of the
probable costs for the resolution of these claims. It is possible that future results of operations
for any particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected. If we are unsuccessful
in the defense against any of the legal proceedings, negative results could result in us being
forced to pay substantial damages or change our business practices or pricing structure, or both,
any of which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, cash flows and profitability.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This prospectus and some of the documents incorporated in this prospectus by reference contain
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the
Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical facts, including statements
regarding the prospects of our industry and our prospects, plans, financial position, anticipated
product offerings, and business strategy constitute forward-looking statements. These statements
are subject to many important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from
those projected in the forward-looking statements. Among these factors are those included in this
prospectus under the heading Risk Factors and those which are discussed in our most recently
filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, under the heading Risk Factors and elsewhere, which
is incorporated by reference in this prospectus. All forward-looking statements included in this
prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference are made only as of the date of this
prospectus, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or correct any
forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that subsequently occur or of which
we hereafter become aware. Subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to
us or to persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified by the cautionary statements set
forth above and elsewhere in this prospectus and in other reports filed by us with the Securities
and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.
USE OF PROCEEDS
This prospectus relates to our common stock to be offered for sale for the account of a selling
security holder named under the caption Selling Security Holder in this prospectus and any
amendment to this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of
our common stock by the selling security holder.
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SELLING SECURITY HOLDER
Effective June 27, 2007, the Company, Florida Decision Corporation (formerly, Pacific Decision
Sciences Corporation) and Melvin J. Maudlin entered into a settlement agreement and general
release, which required us to pay $450,000 in cash to Mr. Maudlin and to issue shares of our common
stock valued at $1,000,000 to Mr. Maudlin. On August 31, 2007, $200,000 worth of our common stock
vested, on August 31, 2008, $250,000 worth of our common stock vested and on January 16, 2009,
$350,000 worth of our common stock will vest. If immediately prior to any vesting date, the
aggregate number of unvested shares does not have the value required, then we must deliver to Mr.
Maudlin the necessary number of additional shares equal to the difference between the value of the
vesting shares and necessary value. Any shares that remain unvested following the final vesting
date will be returned to us. Pursuant to the settlement agreement and general release, we filed a
registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2007,
which became effective July 27, 2007 to register the shares to be issued to Mr. Maudlin. As of the
date hereof, we have 116,553 shares remaining from the effective registration statement that we may
issue to Mr. Maudlin, and based on our current stock price, it is necessary to register additional
shares in connection with the price protection provision of the settlement agreement.
The table below lists the following information with respect to the selling security holder:
(i) the selling security holders name; (ii) the number of outstanding shares of common stock
beneficially owned by the selling security holder prior to this offering; (iii) the number of
shares of common stock offered by the selling security holder in this offering; (iv) the number of
shares of common stock to be beneficially owned by the selling security holder after the completion
of this offering assuming the sale of all of the shares of common stock offered by the selling
security holder; and (v) the percentage of outstanding shares of common stock to be beneficially
owned by the selling security holder after the completion of this offering assuming the sale of all
of the shares of common stock offered by the selling security holder.
Information presented in the table below is from our stock ownership records. The selling security
holder has not had, within the past three years, any position, office or other material
relationships with us other than as disclosed above and elsewhere herein. Beneficial ownership is
determined under the SECs rules, and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to
securities.
The selling security holder may sell all, some or none of his shares in this offering. See Plan of
Distribution below. No estimate can be given as to the number of shares that will be held by the
selling security holder after completion of this offering because the selling security holder may
offer some or all of the shares and, to our knowledge, there are currently no agreements,
arrangements or understandings with respect to the sale of any of the shares. The selling security
holder is not a broker-dealers or an affiliate of a broker-dealer.
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Owned Prior
|
|
|
Offered
|
|
|
Shares Owned After
|
|
Selling Security Holder
|
|
to the Offering
|
|
|
Hereby
(1)
|
|
|
the Offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
%
|
|
Melvin J. Maudlin
(1)
|
|
|
700,000
|
|
|
|
700,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
700,000
|
|
|
|
700,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
(1)
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Represents shares which may be issued to the selling
security holder in connection with the price protection
provisions of a legal settlement agreement, which
transaction was exempt from registration pursuant to the
Securities Act. The actual number of price protection
shares received and offered by the selling security holder
may differ from such amount.
|
To our knowledge, the preceding table represents the holdings by the selling security holder.
Information concerning the selling security holder may change from time to time, which changed
information will be set forth in supplements to this prospectus if and when necessary. Because the
selling security holders may offer all or some of the common stock held, we can only give an
estimate as to the amount of common stock that will be held by the selling security holders upon
the termination of this offering. See Plan of Distribution.
14
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The selling security holder or any of his pledgees, donees, assignees and successors-in-interest
may, from time to time, sell any or all of his shares of common stock on any stock exchange, market
or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be
at fixed or negotiated prices. The selling security holder may use any one or more of the following
methods when selling shares:
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ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
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block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may
position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;
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purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;
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an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;
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privately negotiated transactions;
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short sales effected after the date of this prospectus;
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broker-dealers may agree with the selling security holder to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;
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a combination of any such methods of sale; and
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any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
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The selling security holder may also sell shares that qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 under
the Securities Act, rather than under this prospectus. In effecting sales, broker-dealers engaged
by the selling security holder may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales.
Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling security holder (or, if any
broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be
negotiated. The selling security holder does not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed
what is customary in the types of transactions involved. Broker-dealers may agree to sell a
specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share, and, to the extent such
broker-dealer is unable to do so acting as agent for us or a selling security holder, to purchase
as principal any unsold shares at the price required to fulfill the broker-dealer commitment.
Broker-dealers who acquire shares as principal may thereafter resell such shares from time to time
in transactions, which may involve block transactions and sales to and through other
broker-dealers, including transactions of the nature described above, in the over-the-counter
markets or otherwise at prices and on terms then prevailing at the time of sale, at prices other
than related to the then-current market price or in negotiated transactions. In connection with
such resales, broker-dealers may pay to or receive from the purchasers of such shares commissions
as described above.
The selling security holder may, from time to time, pledge or grant a security interest in some or
all of the shares of common stock owned by him and, if he defaults in the performance of his
secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of common stock
from time to time under this prospectus, or under an amendment to this prospectus pursuant to Rule
424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act amending the selling security holder
list to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling security holder
under this prospectus.
The selling security holder may also transfer the shares of common stock in other circumstances, in
which case the transferees, pledgees, donees or other successors-in-interest will be the selling
beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.
The selling security holder and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the
shares may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection
with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any
profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions
or discounts under the Securities Act.
15
We are required to pay all fees and expenses incurred by us incident to the registration of the
shares. We will receive no portion of the proceeds from the sale of the shares and will bear all of
the costs relating to the registration of this offering (other than any fees and expenses of
counsel for the selling security holder). Upon any exercise of the warrants by payment of cash,
however, we will receive the exercise price of the warrants. Any commissions, discounts or other
fees payable to a broker, dealer, underwriter, agent or market maker in connection with the sale of
any of the shares will be borne by the selling security holder. We will make copies of this
prospectus (as it may be supplemented or amended from time to time) available to the selling
security holder for the purpose of satisfying the prospectus delivery requirements of the
Securities Act.
We have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares being
registered hereunder for the selling security holder under the securities or blue sky law of such
jurisdictions within the United States as he requests.
We have agreed to indemnify the selling security holder against certain liabilities, including
certain liabilities under the Securities Act and state securities laws, relating to the
registration of the shares offered by this prospectus.
We have agreed with the selling security holder to keep the registration statement of which this
prospectus constitutes a part effective until such time as all of the shares covered by this
prospectus for such security holder have been disposed of pursuant to and in accordance with the
registration statement or until such earlier time that we reasonably determine, based on the advice
of counsel, that such selling security holder will be eligible to sell under Rule 144 of the
Securities Act all shares covered by this prospectus then owned by such selling security holder
immediately following the termination of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part.
Our shares of common stock are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol DIGAD.
UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF SOME STATES, THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK MAY BE SOLD IN SUCH STATES
ONLY THROUGH REGISTERED OR LICENSED BROKERS OR DEALERS. IN ADDITION, IN SOME STATES THE SHARES OF
COMMON STOCK MAY NOT BE SOLD UNLESS SUCH SHARES HAVE BEEN REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED FOR SALE IN SUCH
STATE OR AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION IS AVAILABLE AND IS COMPLIED WITH.
LEGAL MATTERS
An opinion has been rendered by the law firm of Winthrop and Weinstine P.A. to the effect that the
shares of our common stock offered by the selling stockholder under this prospectus will be legally
issued, fully paid and non-assessable when the shares are acquired by the selling stockholder under
the terms of the Settlement Agreement and General Release
EXPERTS
The
consolidated financial statements, the related financial statement schedule and report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting incorporated by reference
in this prospectus from Applied Digitals (currently known as Digital Angel Corporation) Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 19, 2008, have been audited by Eisner LLP, an independent registered
public accounting firm, as stated in their reports which are incorporated herein by reference,
which reports (1) express an unqualified opinion on the financial statements and financial
statement schedule, and (2) express an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of internal control
over financial reporting, and have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon the
reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
16
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION ABOUT US
We have filed a registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, with the SEC under the
Securities Act with respect to our common stock. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the
registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration
statement, parts of which are omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document are
not necessarily complete. No person is authorized to make any representation with respect to the
matters described in this prospectus other than those contained in this prospectus and if given or
made must not be relied upon as having been authorized by us or any other person. For further
information pertaining to us and our common stock, we refer you to our registration statement and
the exhibits thereto, copies of which may be inspected without charge at the SECs Public Reference
Room, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information concerning the operation of the SECs
Public Reference Room is available by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Copies of all or any part
of the registration statement may be obtained at prescribed rates from the SEC. The SEC also makes
our filings available to the public on its Internet site (http://www.sec.gov). Quotations relating
to our common stock appear on Nasdaq, and such reports, proxy statements and other information
concerning us can also be inspected at the offices of the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc., 1735 K Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.
Such periodic reports, proxy and information statements and other information are available for
inspection and copying at the public reference facilities and Internet site of the SEC referred to
above.
Website Access to Information and Disclosure of Web Access to Company Reports
Our website address is: http://www.digitalangel.com. We make available free of charge through our
website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on
Form 8-K, Forms 3, 4 and 5, Proxy Statements and all amendments to those reports as soon as
reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with the SEC.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the information in documents we file with the SEC,
which means we can disclose important information to you through those documents. The information
incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Some information contained in
this prospectus has updated the information incorporated by reference and some information filed
subsequently with the SEC will automatically update this prospectus. We incorporate by reference:
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Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the SEC on
March 17, 2008;
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Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 filed with the SEC on
May 12, 2008;
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Amendment No. 1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended March 31,
2008 filed with the SEC on July 9, 2008;
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Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 filed with the SEC on
August 11, 2008;
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Amendment No. 1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended June 30,
2008 filed with the SEC on October 24, 2008;
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Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2008 filed with the
SEC on November 12, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 4, 2008;
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17
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 8, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 15, 2008;
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Amendment to Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 17, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 17, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 25, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 31, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 5, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 6, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 24, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 16, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 21, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 24, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 4, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 19, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 24, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 3, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 30, 2008;
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Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2008;
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Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 29, 2008;
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Additional Definitive Proxy Soliciting Materials filed pursuant to a Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2008;
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The description of our common stock contained in the registration statement on Form 8-A
filed with the SEC on May 5, 1995, including any amendments or reports filed for the
purposes of updating the description of the common stock.
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All documents subsequently filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act, prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all
securities offered have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall
be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this
18
prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents; provided, however,
that we are not incorporating by reference any information furnished under either Item 2.02 or
Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K.
To the extent that any statement in this prospectus is inconsistent with any statement that is
incorporated by reference and that was made on or before the date of this prospectus, the statement
in this prospectus shall control. The incorporated statement shall not be deemed, except as
modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus or the registration statement of
which this prospectus is a part. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any
contract or other document are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, we refer you to the
copy of each contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part.
YOU MAY REQUEST, EITHER ORALLY OR IN WRITING, AND WE WILL PROVIDE, A COPY OF THOSE DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS AT NO COST BY CONTACTING ANNE MEYER, OUR ASSISTANT
SECRETARY, AT DIGITAL ANGEL CORPORATION, 490 VILLAUME AVENUE, SOUTH ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 55075, OR
BY CALLING (651) 455-1621.
We have not authorized anyone to give any information or to make any representation concerning this
offering except the information and representations which are contained in this prospectus or which
are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If anyone gives or makes any other information or
representation, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell, or a
solicitation of an offer to purchase, any securities other than those to which it relates, nor does
it constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to purchase by any person in any
circumstances in which an offer or solicitation is unlawful. You should not interpret the delivery
of this prospectus or any sale made hereunder as an indication that there has been no change in our
affairs since the date of this prospectus. You should also be aware that the information in this
prospectus may change after this date.
19
DIGITAL ANGEL CORPORATION
700,000 Shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
December ___, 2008
20
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions),
which, other than the SEC registration fee, are estimates, payable by us in connection with the
sale and distribution of the securities registered hereby**:
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SEC Registration Fee
|
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$
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24
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Accounting Fees and Expenses
|
|
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7,000
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*
|
Legal Fees and Expenses
|
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5,000
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*
|
Printing Fees and Expenses
|
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1,000
|
*
|
Miscellaneous Expenses
|
|
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500
|
|
|
|
|
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Total
|
|
$
|
13,524
|
|
|
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|
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*
|
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Estimated
|
|
**
|
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The selling security holder will pay any sales
commissions or underwriting discount and fees
incurred in connection with the sale of shares
registered hereunder.
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Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, a corporation may indemnify
any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or
completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
(other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person
is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the
request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the
person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in
a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to
believe the persons conduct was unlawful.
Section 145 also provides that a corporation has the power to indemnify any person who was or is a
party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by
or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that
the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was
serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including
attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or
settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. However, no
indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person
shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the
Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon
application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the
case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court
of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
Expenses (including attorneys fees) incurred by an officer or director in defending any civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the corporation
in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately
be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized
in Section 145 of the DGCL. Such expenses (including attorneys fees) incurred by
former directors and officers or other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and
conditions, if any, as the corporation deems appropriate.
21
Notwithstanding the instances outlined above where a corporation may indemnify its current and
former directors and officers, a corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any
person who is or was a director or officer of the corporation against any liability asserted
against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such
persons status as such. Correspondingly, we have purchased and maintain insurance on behalf of our
directors and officers against any liability asserted against such directors and officers in their
capacities as such.
Our bylaws provide that we shall indemnify, to the full extent permitted by law, any of our current
or former directors or officers and that we may indemnify, to the full extent permitted by law, any
of our current or former employees or agents against any claim, liability or expense incurred as a
result of such service, or as a result of any other service on our behalf, or service at our
request as a director, officer, employee member of agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our
directors, officers or controlling persons pursuant to such provisions, we have been informed that
in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Item 16. Exhibits.
See Exhibit Index.
Item 17. Undertakings
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities
Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment hereof)
which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set
forth in this registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in
volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that
which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering
range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)
if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in
the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the Calculation of Registration Fee table in
the effective registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such
information in the registration statement;
Provided, however,
that Paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not
apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form F-3 and the information required to be
included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or
furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the
Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a
form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to
the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to
be the initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the
securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) Not Applicable
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any
purchaser:
(i) Not Applicable
(ii) Each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement
relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than
prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A (Section 230.430A if this chapter), shall be deemed to
be part of and included in the registration statement as of the
date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a
registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a
document incorporated or deemed incorporated by
22
reference into the registration statement or
prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of
contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the
registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any
such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(b) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
each filing of the registrants annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the
Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plans annual report
pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the
registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the
securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be
the initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
(e) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be delivered with the
prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest annual report, to
security holders that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and
meeting the requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule 14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
and, where interim financials information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X
is not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the
prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by
reference in the prospectus to provide such interim financial information.
(h) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may
be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the
foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in
the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a
director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with
the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the
matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the
question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and
will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
23
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has
reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has
duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized, in the City of South St. Paul, State of Minnesota, on December 8, 2008.
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DIGITAL ANGEL CORPORATION
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By:
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/s/ Joseph J. Grillo
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Chief Executive Officer, Director and President
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
The undersigned constitutes and appoints Joseph J. Grillo and Lorraine M. Breece, and each of them,
as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution, for him or her and in her name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to
sign any and all amendments to this Registration Statement on Form S-3 and any and all subsequent
amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in
connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said
attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes
as he might or could in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and
agent, and each or either of them or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by
virtue hereof. This power of attorney may be executed in counterparts.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been
signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Joseph J. Grillo
|
|
Chief Executive Officer,
President and Director
|
|
December 8, 2008
|
|
|
(Principal
Executive Officer)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Lorraine M. Breece
|
|
Senior Vice President and Acting
Chief Financial Officer
|
|
December 8, 2008
|
|
|
(Principal
Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Daniel E. Penni
|
|
Chairman of the Board of Directors
|
|
December 8, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ John R. Block
|
|
Director
|
|
December 8, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Dennis G. Rawan
|
|
Director
|
|
December 8, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
December 8, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
December 8, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
25
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
5.1
|
|
Opinion of Winthrop & Weinstine P.A.*
|
|
|
|
23.1
|
|
Consent of Eisner LLP*
|
|
|
|
23.2
|
|
Consent of Winthrop & Weinstine P.A. (included in Exhibit 5.1)
|
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
|
26
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