Stocks: Stock Splits Become Rare But Often Have Big Payoffs -- WSJ
August 03 2020 - 3:02AM
Dow Jones News
By Michael Wursthorn
This article is being republished as part of our daily
reproduction of WSJ.com articles that also appeared in the U.S.
print edition of The Wall Street Journal (August 3, 2020).
Stock splits have all but disappeared from corporate playbooks,
even though history shows shares of companies that split their
stock often see a bump in price.
Stocks in the S&P 500 tend to rise 5% in the year following
share splits, including 2.5% immediately following the
announcement, according to research from Nasdaq Inc. on splits
between 2012 and 2018.
"Splits make stocks look better" to everyday investors who would
otherwise be put off by a stock's high sticker price, said Phil
Mackintosh, Nasdaq's chief economist. "And the premium they gather
seems to be long-lasting for companies. Investors keep coming into
the stock even 12 months later."
Shares of Apple Inc. got a big bounce after the tech giant
revealed plans late Thursday to execute a 4-for-1 stock split later
in August. In that case, the company will quadruple its number of
shares outstanding and hand out the extra shares to existing
investors, dividing the price of an original share by four but
leaving the company's market valuation unchanged.
The stock rose 10% to $425.04 on Friday, extending its gain so
far this year to 45% after the iPhone maker also reported
stronger-than-expected earnings on robust sales of apps and its
work-from-home devices. The company added about $172 billion in
market value, a one-session gain that tops the size of Oracle
Corp., Chevron Corp. and McDonald's Corp.
While the split won't affect Apple's valuation, which swelled to
$1.817 trillion on Friday, it has implications for investors, as
well as for two of the stock indexes in which Apple resides: the
Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 index.
After the split, Apple's influence on the Dow will shift from
being the most consequential to the middle of the pack. That is
because the Dow is price- weighted, meaning the higher the share
price, the bigger the influence that stock has over the blue-chip
index's daily price swings.
Had Apple split its stock at the end of last year, the Dow would
be off about 10% in 2020, compared with the 7.4% decline it
currently registers, according to Dow Jones Market Data. Besides
resulting in a smaller role in the Dow's moves, the change would
likely widen the performance gap between the 30-stock index and the
broader S&P 500, which is up 1.2% this year and weighted by
market value. The divergence between the indexes in 2020 is already
at the widest mark in decades.
Despite the obvious benefit to share prices, companies appear to
be giving up on the shareholder-friendly practice of splits. About
41% of the stocks in the S&P 500 currently trade above $100,
the level that once spurred executives to consider a split. Just
three companies, including Apple, have unveiled plans for share
splits this year. That is down from 102 companies in 1997 and seven
in 2016, according to Charles Schwab Corp.
Companies were more likely in decades past to split their shares
because of the mechanics of trading. Unlike today, trading wasn't
powered by fast-moving digital systems and was more costly.
Investors previously found better pricing deals on trades if they
were willing to buy round lots of 100 shares rather than on odd
lots of stock that carried steeper commissions. A share split
helped keep stock prices in check for investors who were willing to
buy blocks of 100 shares at a time.
Commissions largely don't exist anymore at most do-it-yourself
brokerages such as Charles Schwab and TD Ameritrade Holding Corp.,
eliminating that concern. Still, most institutional investors
continue to prefer blocks of shares since the price often quoted on
an exchange is for a round lot, Mr. Mackintosh said.
That means investors are left with three options: paying up for
high-price stocks; buying shares that trade for less; or purchasing
a fraction of a share, an alternative recently offered by some
retail brokerages.
But fractional shares come with a caveat. Investors don't own
the actual share. Instead, the brokerage does, and investors have a
right to whatever portion they agree to buy.
The chance of seeing more companies follow Apple's lead appears
slim.
Target Corp., for example, trades at $125.88. Yet when Chief
Financial Officer Michael Fiddelke was asked in June whether the
retailer would split its stock, he said there were no such plans.
Advances in technology have made trading odd lots of shares more
accessible, while commission-free trades also make stock splits
less necessary, he said.
"But we'll revisit this issue periodically in the future," he
added.
Ramon Laguarta, the chief executive of PepsiCo Inc., dismissed
in May the possibility of a stock split for the company, whose
shares trade at $137.66. He blamed administrative costs associated
with such a move as a deterrent, adding that the expense outweighs
the benefits in terms of potential value creation for the company.
One academic paper pegged the administrative cost of a stock split
as high as $800,000 for a large company.
"We've always decided not to do it," Mr. Laguarta said on a
conference call.
Write to Michael Wursthorn at Michael.Wursthorn@wsj.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
August 03, 2020 02:47 ET (06:47 GMT)
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