Quarterly Report (10-q)

(In thousands)

Fair Value

Balance sheet caption

Interest rate swap designated as cash flow hedge

Other accrued liabilities

Interest rate swap designated as cash flow hedge

Other non-current liabilities

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

þ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 3, 2020

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36341

Vectrus, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Indiana		38-3924636
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2424 Garden of the Gods Road, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80919
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(719) 591-3600

Securities Registered Under Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share	VEC	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer þ	Non-accelerated filer ¨
Smaller reporting company ¨	Emerging growth company ¨

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨

No þ

As of May 8, 2020, there were 11,589,801 shares of common stock ($0.01 par value per share) outstanding.

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VECTRUS, INC.

INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page No.
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	4
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes to Shareholders' Equity	8
	Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9
	Note 2. Recent Accounting Standards Update	11
	Note 3. Revenue	12
	Note 4. Income Taxes	14
	Note 5. Acquisitions	14
	Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets	15
	Note 7. Earnings Per Share	16
	Note 8. Receivables	17
	Note 9. Debt	17
	Note 10. Derivative Instruments	18
	Note 11. Leases	20
	Note 12. Stock-based Compensation	21
	Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies	22
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	32
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	33
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	33
Item 5.	Other Information	33
Item 6.	Exhibits	33
	Signatures	33

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,			March 29,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2020			2019
Revenue	$	351,734		$	325,906
Cost of revenue	319,693			295,596
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	19,558			19,919
Operating income	12,483			10,391
Interest expense, net	(1,703		)	(1,575		)
Income from operations before income taxes	10,780			8,816
Income tax expense	2,112			1,742
Net income	$	8,668		$	7,074

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.75		$	0.63
Diluted	$	0.74		$	0.62
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	11,545			11,292
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	11,745			11,399

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,			March 29,
(In thousands)	2020			2019
Net income	$	8,668		$	7,074
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Changes in derivative instruments:
Net change in fair value of interest rate swap	(1,386		)	(361		)
Net change in fair value of foreign currency forward contracts	(261		)	(98		)
Tax benefit	357			99
Net change in derivative instruments	(1,290		)	(360		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(1,934		)	(823		)
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-02 reclassification of certain tax effects to Retained Earnings	—			(259		)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(3,224		)	(1,442		)
Total comprehensive income	$	5,444		$	5,632

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)



	April 3,			December 31,
(In thousands, except share information)	2020			2019
Assets
Current assets
Cash	$	146,172		$	35,318
Receivables	263,601			269,144
Other current assets	21,212			16,154
Total current assets	430,985			320,616
Property, plant, and equipment, net	18,540			18,844
Goodwill	261,983			261,983
Intangible assets, net	13,911			14,926
Right-of-use assets	12,390			14,654
Other non-current assets	5,789			5,366
Total non-current assets	312,613			315,773
Total Assets	$	743,598		$	636,389
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	147,364		$	148,015
Compensation and other employee benefits	42,131			53,155
Short-term debt	122,000			6,500
Other accrued liabilities	39,331			37,409
Total current liabilities	350,826			245,079
Long-term debt, net	61,139			63,041
Deferred tax liability	47,294			49,407
Other non-current liabilities	20,096			19,997
Total non-current liabilities	128,529			132,445
Total liabilities	479,355			377,524
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock; $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; No shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock; $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 11,587,719 and 11,523,691 shares issued and outstanding as of April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	116			115
Additional paid in capital	78,690			78,757
Retained earnings	193,743			185,075
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(8,306		)	(5,082		)
Total shareholders' equity	264,243			258,865
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	743,598		$	636,389

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,			March 29,
(In thousands)	2020			2019
Operating activities
Net income	$	8,668		$	7,074
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation expense	996			788
Amortization of intangible assets	1,015			571
Stock-based compensation	2,367			1,462
Amortization of debt issuance costs	99			99
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables	3,942			(12,650		)
Other assets	(5,715		)	94
Accounts payable	(162		)	(11,367		)
Deferred taxes	(1,522		)	(1,090		)
Compensation and other employee benefits	(9,733		)	6,724
Other liabilities	1,182			1,909
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	1,137			(6,386		)
Investing activities
Purchases of capital assets and intangibles	(917		)	(9,886		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(917		)	(9,886		)
Financing activities
Repayments of long-term debt	(1,500		)	(1,000		)
Proceeds from revolver	144,000			48,000
Repayments of revolver	(29,000		)	(48,000		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	1			602
Payments of employee withholding taxes on share-based compensation	(1,787		)	(683		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	111,714			(1,081		)
Exchange rate effect on cash	(1,080		)	(618		)
Net change in cash	110,854			(17,971		)
Cash-beginning of year	35,318			66,145
Cash-end of period	$	146,172		$	48,174

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	1,469		$	988
Income taxes paid (refunded)	$	36		$	(296	)
Non-cash investing activities:
Purchase of capital assets on account	$	(606	)	$	(966	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES TO SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY



	Common Stock Issued			Additional Paid-in Capital					Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholders' Equity
(In thousands)	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018	11,267	$	113	$	71,729		$	151,640	$	(3,158	)	$	220,324
Net income							7,074					7,074
Cumulative effects of adoption of ASU 2018-02 reclassification of certain tax effects from AOCI							259		(259		)	—
Foreign currency translation adjustments									(823		)	(823		)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge									(360		)	(360		)
Employee stock awards and stock options	85	1		(82		)						(81		)
Stock-based compensation				1,117								1,117
Balance at March 29, 2019	11,352	$	114	$	72,764		$	158,973	$	(4,600	)	$	227,251

Balance at December 31, 2019	11,524	$	115	$	78,757		$	185,075	$	(5,082	)	$	258,865
Net income							8,668					8,668
Foreign currency translation adjustments									(1,934		)	(1,934		)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge									(1,290		)	(1,290		)
Employee stock awards and stock options	64	1		(1,787		)						(1,786		)
Stock-based compensation				1,720								1,720
Balance at April 3, 2020	11,588	$	116	$	78,690		$	193,743	$	(8,306	)	$	264,243

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Our Business

Vectrus, Inc. is a leading provider of services to the United States Government (U.S. Government) worldwide. The Company operates as one segment and provides the following services and offerings: facility and logistics services, information technology and network communications services, and operational technologies and converged solutions.

Vectrus was incorporated in the State of Indiana on February 4, 2014. On September 27, 2014, Exelis Inc. (Exelis) completed a spin-off (the Spin-off) of Vectrus, and Vectrus became an independent, publicly traded company. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in these notes to "Vectrus", "we," "us," "our," "the Company" and "our Company" refer to Vectrus, Inc. References in these notes to Exelis or "Former Parent" refer to Exelis Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (other than Vectrus).

Basis of Presentation

Our quarterly financial periods end on the Friday closest to the last day of the calendar quarter (April 3, 2020 for the first quarter of 2020 and March 29, 2019 for the first quarter of 2019), except for the last quarter of the fiscal year, which ends on December 31. For ease of presentation, the quarterly financial statements included herein are described as three months ended.

The unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Vectrus have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (GAAP) have been omitted. These unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

It is management’s opinion that these financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and operating results. Revenue and net income for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of future or annual results.

Immaterial Restatement of Prior Period Balances

Subsequent to the issuance of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, we identified an error in our historical financial statements related to estimated contract costs for the year ended December 31, 2019 as well as an error in our historical financial statements related to overbilling for a separate contract dating back to 2013, prior to the Spin-off. In the first instance, management determined that additional subcontractor costs should have been included as part of estimated contract costs, resulting in a misstatement in other accrued liabilities and cost of revenue as well as revenue and accounts receivable to a lesser extent. In the second instance, management identified that certain contract costs were incorrectly included in customer billings for one contract, resulting in a misstatement in revenue and other accrued liabilities.

The cumulative impact of the errors was a $2.5 million decrease in retained earnings as of December 31, 2019. The impact of the errors on net income for the year ended December 31, 2019 is $1.5 million. The impact on diluted earnings per share is a decrease of $0.13 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The impact to diluted earnings per share in the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2019 is a decrease of $0.00, $0.13, and $0.00, respectively. The impact on diluted earnings per share is a decrease of $0.02 and $0.01 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Accordingly, the Company is restating the relevant financial statements and related footnotes for all applicable periods for these errors and related tax effect and will correct the respective financial statements as they appear in future filings. Management has evaluated the materiality of these misstatements and concluded they were not material to prior periods.

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The effects of the corrections to each of the individual affected line items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 29, 2019
(In thousands, except per share data)	As Previously Reported		Correction			As Corrected
Revenue	$	325,928	$	(22	)	$	325,906
Operating income	10,413		(22		)	10,391
Income from operations before income taxes	8,838		(22		)	8,816
Income tax expense	1,747		(5		)	1,742
Net income	$	7,091	$	(17	)	$	7,074

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.63	$	—		$	0.63
Diluted	$	0.62	$	—		$	0.62

The effects of the corrections to each of the individual affected line items on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income were as follows:



	Three months ended March 29, 2019
(In thousands)	As Previously Reported		Correction			As Corrected
Net income	$	7,091	$	(17	)	$	7,074
Total comprehensive income	$	5,649	$	(17	)	$	5,632

The effects of the corrections to each of the individual affected line items on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet were as follows:



	December 31, 2019
(In thousands)	As Previously Reported		Correction			As Corrected
Receivables	$	269,239	$	(95	)	$	269,144
Total current assets	320,711		(95		)	320,616
Total Assets	636,484		(95		)	636,389
Other accrued liabilities	34,587		2,822			37,409
Total current liabilities	242,257		2,822			245,079
Deferred tax liability	49,808		(401		)	49,407
Total non-current liabilities	132,846		(401		)	132,445
Total Liabilities	375,103		2,421			377,524
Retained earnings	187,591		(2,516		)	185,075
Total shareholders' equity	261,381		(2,516		)	258,865
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	636,484	$	(95	)	$	636,389

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The effects of the corrections to each of the individual affected line items on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows were as follows:



	Three months ended March 29, 2019
(In thousands)	As Previously Reported			Correction			As Corrected
Net income	$	7,091		$	(17	)	$	7,074
Changes in other liabilities	1,892			17			1,909
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(6,386	)	$	—		$	(6,386	)

The effects of the corrections to each of the individual affected line items on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity were as follows:



	Three months ended March 29, 2019
	Retained Earnings							Total Shareholders' Equity
(In thousands)	As Previously Reported		Correction			As Corrected		As Previously Reported		Correction			As Corrected
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	152,616	$	(976	)	$	151,640	$	221,300	$	(976	)	$	220,324
Net income	7,091		(17		)	7,074		7,091		(17		)	7,074
Balance at March 29, 2019	$	159,966	$	(993	)	$	158,973	$	228,244	$	(993	)	$	227,251

NOTE 2

RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Effective

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12). The objectives of ASU 2019-12 are (i) to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions, (ii) to update certain requirements to simplify the accounting for income taxes, and (iii) to make minor codification improvements for income taxes. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Accounting Standards That Were Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) (ASU 2018-15). The objective of ASU 2018-15 is to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with those incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively. We adopted ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2020 using the retrospective method. As a result of the adoption, $0.3 million was reclassified from 2019 year-end property, plant and equipment, net, to other non-current assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. In addition, $0.3 million of cash outflows from investing activities incurred during the third and fourth quarters of 2019 was reclassified to cash outflows from operating activities.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04). The objective of ASU 2017-04 is to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by entities performing their annual goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit, including income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill, with its carrying amount and recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU 2017-04 should be applied on a prospective basis. We adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Loses (Topic 326) (ASU 2016-13). The objective of ASU 2016-13 is to provide financial statement users with more useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. We adopted the standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

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NOTE 3

REVENUE

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account for revenue in ASC Topic 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition method, consideration is given as to whether a single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. For most of our contracts, the customer contracts with us to perform an integrated set of tasks and deliverables as a single service solution, whereby each service is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and therefore is not distinct. As a result, when this integrated set of tasks exists, the contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. The vast majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation. Unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery and indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts are considered to be separate performance obligations when the option or IDIQ task order is exercised or awarded.

Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct, and therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Modifications to exercise option years create new enforceable rights and obligations and therefore are treated as separate performance obligations.

The Company's performance obligations are typically satisfied over time as services are provided throughout the contract term. We recognize revenue over time using the input method (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Our over time recognition is reinforced by the fact that our customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of our services as they are performed. This continuous transfer of control requires that we track progress towards completion of performance obligations in order to measure and recognize revenue. Determining progress on performance obligations requires us to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognition. Remaining performance obligations represent firm orders by the customer and excludes potential orders under IDIQ contracts, unexercised contract options, and contracts awarded to us that are being protested by competitors with the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) or in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. The level of order activity related to contracts can be affected by the timing of government funding authorizations and their project evaluation cycles. Year-over-year comparisons could, at times, be impacted by these factors, among others.

The Company's contracts are multi-year contracts and typically include an initial period of one year or less with annual one-year (or less) option periods. The number of option periods varies by contract, and there is no guarantee that an option period will be exercised. The right to exercise an option period is at the sole discretion of the U.S. Government when we are the prime contractor or of the prime contractor when we are a subcontractor. We expect to recognize a substantial portion of our performance obligations as revenue within the next 12 months. However, the U.S. Government or the prime contractor may cancel any contract at any time through a termination for convenience or for cause. Substantially all of our contracts have terms that would permit us to recover all or a portion of our incurred costs and fees for work performed in the event of a termination for convenience.

Remaining performance obligations increased by $368.0 million as of April 3, 2020 as compared to December 31, 2019. We expect to recognize approximately 72% of the remaining performance obligations as of April 3, 2020 as revenue in 2020, and the remaining 28% during 2021. Remaining performance obligations as of April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are presented in the following table:



	April 3,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Performance Obligations	$	1,217,349	$	849,389

Contract Estimates

Accounting for contracts involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. We estimate the profit on our contracts as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract.

Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the services being performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.

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The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating income can be reflected in either revenue or cost of revenue. Cumulative adjustments for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019 were unfavorable by $2.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively

For the three months ended April 3, 2020, and March 29, 2019, the net unfavorable adjustments to operating income decreased revenue by $1.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Revenue by Category

Generally, the sales price elements for our contracts are cost-plus, cost-reimbursable or firm-fixed-price. We commonly have elements of cost-plus, cost-reimbursable and firm-fixed-price contracts on a single contract. On a cost-plus type contract, we are paid our allowable incurred costs plus a profit, which can be fixed or variable depending on the contract’s fee arrangement, up to funding levels predetermined by our customers. On cost-plus type contracts, we do not bear the risks of unexpected cost overruns, provided that we do not incur costs that exceed the predetermined funded amounts. Most of our cost-plus contracts also contain a firm-fixed-price element. Cost-plus type contracts with award and incentive fee provisions are our primary variable contract fee arrangement. Award fees provide for a fee based on actual performance relative to contractually specified performance criteria. Incentive fees provide for a fee based on the relationship between total allowable and target cost. On most of our contracts, a cost-reimbursable element captures consumable materials required for the contract. Typically, these costs do not bear fees.

On a firm-fixed-price type contract, we agree to perform the contractual statement of work for a predetermined contract price. A firm-fixed-price type contract typically offers higher profit margin potential than a cost-plus type contract, which is commensurate with the greater levels of risk we assume on a firm-fixed-price type contract. Although a firm-fixed-price type contract generally permits us to retain profits if the total actual contract costs are less than the estimated contract costs, we bear the risk that increased or unexpected costs may reduce our profit or cause us to sustain losses on the contract. Although the overall scope of work required under the contract may not change, profit may be adjusted as experience is gained and as efficiencies are realized or costs are incurred.

The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by several categories. Revenue by contract type for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,		March 29,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Cost-plus and cost-reimbursable ¹	$	256,319	$	251,456
Firm-fixed-price	95,415		74,450
Total revenue	$	351,734	$	325,906

¹ Includes time and material contracts

Revenue by geographic region in which the contract is performed for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,		March 29,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Middle East	$	237,937	$	226,416
United States	81,469		71,388
Europe	32,328		28,102
Total revenue	$	351,734	$	325,906

Revenue by contract relationship for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,		March 29,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Prime contractor	$	333,393	$	307,058
Subcontractor	18,341		18,848
Total revenue	$	351,734	$	325,906

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Revenue by customer for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,		March 29,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Army	$	247,555	$	226,692
Air Force	73,341		67,931
Navy	15,237		15,088
Other	15,601		16,195
Total revenue	$	351,734	$	325,906

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed and unbilled accounts receivable (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly). Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we may receive advances or deposits from our customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These advance billings and payments are not considered significant financing components because they are frequently intended to ensure that both parties are in conformance with the primary contract terms. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

As of April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had contract assets of $199.6 million and $186.4 million, respectively. Refer to Note 8, "Receivables" for additional information regarding the composition of our receivable balances. As of both April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our contract liabilities were insignificant.

NOTE 4

INCOME TAXES

Effective Tax Rate

Income tax expense during interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective income tax rate, plus any significant unusual or infrequently occurring items recorded in interim periods. The computation of the annual estimated effective income tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and judgment including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in various jurisdictions, permanent and temporary differences, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year.

For the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019 we recorded income tax provisions of $2.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively, representing effective income tax rates of 19.6% and 19.8%, respectively. The comparison of effective income tax rates between periods and to the federal statutory rate of 21.0% are affected by the above mentioned items.

Uncertain Tax Provisions

As of April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019, unrecognized tax benefits from uncertain tax positions were $8.7 million and $7.9 million, respectively.

NOTE 5

ACQUISITIONS

Advantor

On July 8, 2019, we acquired Advantor from Infrasafe Holding, Inc. and Infrasafe, LLC (collectively, Infrasafe). Advantor is a leading provider of integrated electronic security systems to the U.S. Government. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, we accounted for this transaction using the acquisition method. We conducted valuations of certain acquired assets and liabilities for inclusion in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the date of acquisition. Assets that normally would not be recorded in ordinary operations (i.e. intangibles related to contractual relationships) were recorded at their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.

The total net consideration paid for the acquisition was $45.1 million, consisting of the purchase price of $44.0 million, net of cash acquired, and $1.1 million for working capital in excess of the working capital requirement agreed upon in the stock purchase agreement. The acquisition was funded by utilizing cash on hand and available capacity from our Amended Revolver (as defined in Note 9, “Debt”).

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A breakdown of the preliminary purchase price allocation, net of cash acquired, is as follows:



(In thousands)	Allocation of Purchase Price
Receivables	$	11,535
Other current assets	2,719
Property, plant and equipment	155
Goodwill	28,364
Intangible assets	8,300
Other non-current assets	1,868
Accounts payable	(4,223		)
Other current liabilities	(1,519		)
Accrued compensation	(907		)
Other non-current liabilities	(1,218		)
Purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	45,074

Adjustments, if any, to the initial purchase accounting for the acquired net assets will be completed, as needed, up to one year from the acquisition date as we obtain additional information regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date.

The Company recognized two intangible assets related to customer contracts (backlog) and the Advantor trade name arising from the acquisition. The fair value of the customer contracts was $7.2 million, and the fair value of the Advantor trade name was $1.1 million with amortization periods of 5.0 years and 4.5 years, respectively. As of April 3, 2020, the remaining weighted-average amortization period for these intangible assets was 4.2 years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $0.4 million during the first quarter of 2020. The amortization expense is included in cost of revenue in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Additionally, the Company recognized goodwill of $28.4 million arising from the acquisition, which relates primarily to acquired product and services strengthening our advance into a higher value, technology-enabled and differentiated platform, as well as extending our facilities and logistics services to include the electronic protection and security of facilities. Goodwill also includes other intangibles that do not qualify for separate recognition. The goodwill recognized for the Advantor acquisition is fully deductible for income tax purposes.

Advantor's results of operations have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the period subsequent to acquisition on July 8, 2019. For the quarter ended April 3, 2020, Advantor contributed $11.2 million of revenue and an insignificant amount of income from operations before income taxes. For the quarter ended March 29, 2019, on a pro forma basis, the acquired business would have recognized revenue of $10.2 million and an insignificant amount of income from operations before income taxes.

NOTE 6

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As of both April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the carrying amount of goodwill was $262.0 million. There was no new goodwill activity during the first quarter of 2020.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment as of October 1 each year, or more frequently should circumstances change or events occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Due to the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the negative effect to the U.S. and global economy, the Company completed a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether or not it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount. Based on our assessment of the totality of events and circumstances as of April 3, 2020, including the estimated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business forecast and the Company's market capitalization, we determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is below its carrying amount. The annual tests performed in the three years ended December 31, 2019 also resulted in no impairment of goodwill.

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Identifiable intangible assets consist of the following:



	April 3, 2020							December 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Contract backlogs and recompetes	$	11,600	$	(4,886	)	$	6,714	$	11,600	$	(4,300	)	$	7,300
Customer contracts	7,200		(1,064		)	6,136		7,200		(692		)	6,508
Trade names and other	1,236		(175		)	1,061		1,236		(118		)	1,118
Balance	$	20,036	$	(6,125	)	$	13,911	$	20,036	$	(5,110	)	$	14,926

Identifiable intangible asset amortization expense relating to the Company's acquisitions in 2018 and 2019 was $1.0 million and $0.6 million during the three months ended April 3, 2020, and March 29, 2019, respectively. As of April 3, 2020, the remaining average intangible asset amortization period was 4.0 years.

The estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows (in thousands):



Period	Amortization
2020 (excluding the three months ended April 3, 2020)	$	3,014
2021	$	4,029
2022	$	2,501
2023	$	2,404
2024	$	1,297
After 2024	$	530

NOTE 7

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects potential dilution that could occur if securities to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Diluted EPS includes the dilutive effect of stock-based compensation outstanding after application of the treasury stock method.



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,		March 29,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2020		2019
Net income	$	8,668	$	7,074

Weighted average common shares outstanding	11,545		11,292
Add: Dilutive impact of stock options	41		29
Add: Dilutive impact of restricted stock units	159		78
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	11,745		11,399

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.75	$	0.63
Diluted	$	0.74	$	0.62

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The following table provides a summary of securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended
	April 3,	March 29,
(In thousands)	2020	2019
Anti-dilutive stock options	—	13
Anti-dilutive restricted stock units	1	4
Total	1	17

NOTE 8

RECEIVABLES

Receivables were comprised of the following:



	April 3,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Billed receivables	$	52,296	$	71,068
Unbilled receivables (contract assets)	199,576		186,365
Other	11,729		11,711
Total receivables	$	263,601	$	269,144

As of April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019, substantially all billed receivables are due from the U.S. Government, either directly as prime contractor to the U.S. Government or as subcontractor to another prime contractor to the U.S. Government. Because our billed receivables are with the U.S. Government, we do not believe they represent a material credit risk exposure.

Unbilled receivables are contract assets that represent revenue recognized on long-term contracts in excess of amounts billed as of the balance sheet date. We estimate that approximately $7.0 million of our unbilled receivables as of April 3, 2020 may not be collected within the next 12 months. These amounts relate to the timing of the U.S. Government review of indirect rates and contract line item realignments with our customers. Changes in the balance of receivables are primarily due to the timing differences between our performance and customers' payments.

NOTE 9

DEBT

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

Term Loan and Revolver. In September 2014, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, VSC, entered into a credit agreement with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent. The credit agreement was subsequently amended in November 2017 by the Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the Amendment Agreement) with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. The Amendment Agreement provides for $200.0 million in senior secured financing, consisting of a $80.0 million five-year term loan facility (the Amended Term Loan) and a $120.0 million five-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the Amended Revolver, and together with the Amended Term Loan, the Amended Credit Facilities).

Additionally, the Amendment Agreement includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to draw up to an additional $100.0 million subject to the lender's consent on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. The Amendment Agreement also permits the Company to borrow up to $75.0 million in unsecured debt as long as the aggregated sum of both the unsecured debt and the accordion does not exceed $100.0 million.

The Amended Revolver is available for working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes. Up to $25.0 million of the Amended Revolver is available for the issuance of letters of credit. As of April 3, 2020, there was $115.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Amended Revolver and two letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $2.4 million. Both reduced our borrowing availability to $2.6 million under the Amended Revolver. The Amended Revolver will mature and the commitments thereunder will terminate on November 15, 2022.

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The aggregate scheduled maturities of the Amended Term Loan, are as follows:



(In thousands)	Payments due
2020 (excluding the three months ended April 3, 2020)	$	5,000
2021	8,600
2022	55,400
Total	$	69,000

We may voluntarily prepay the Amended Term Loan in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty, subject to the payment of customary breakage costs under certain conditions. Amounts borrowed under the Amended Term Loan that are repaid or prepaid may not be re-borrowed.

The Amended Credit Facilities contain customary covenants, including covenants that, under certain circumstances and subject to certain qualifications and exceptions: limit or restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness; merge, dissolve, liquidate or consolidate; make acquisitions, investments, advances or loans; dispose of or transfer assets; pay dividends; redeem or repurchase certain debt; and enter into certain restrictive agreements.

In addition, we are required to comply with (a) a maximum ratio of total consolidated indebtedness to consolidated earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) of 3.00 to 1.00 (3.25 to 1.00 for the 12 months following a qualified acquisition), and (b) a minimum ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense (net of cash interest income) of 4.50 to 1.00. As of April 3, 2020, we had a ratio of total consolidated indebtedness to EBITDA of 2.62 to 1.00 and a ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense of 11.28 to 1.00. We were in compliance with all covenants related to the Amended Credit Facilities as of April 3, 2020.

Interest Rates and Fees. Outstanding borrowings under the Amended Credit Facilities accrue interest, at our option, at a per annum rate of (i) LIBOR plus the applicable margin, which ranges from 1.75% to 2.50% depending on the leverage ratio, or (ii) a base rate plus the applicable margin, which ranges from 0.75% to 1.50% depending on the leverage ratio. The interest rate under the Amended Credit Facilities at April 3, 2020 was 3.00%.

Carrying Value and Fair Value. As of April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of the Amended Credit Facilities approximated the carrying value because the debt bears interest at a floating rate of interest. The fair value is based on observable inputs of interest rates that are currently available to us for debt with similar terms and maturities for non-public debt.

NOTE 10

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

During the periods covered by this report, we have made no changes to our policies or strategies for the use of derivative instruments and there has been no change in our related accounting methods.

Interest Rate Derivative Instruments

Our interest rate swaps are designated and qualify as effective cash flow hedges. The contracts, with expiration dates through November 2022 and notional amounts totaling $51.9 million at April 3, 2020, are recorded at fair value.

The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments used for our interest rate hedges in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 3, 2020:

The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments used for our interest rate hedges in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019:

We regularly assess the creditworthiness of the counterparty. As of April 3, 2020, the counterparty to the interest rate swaps had performed in accordance with its contractual obligations. Both the counterparty credit risk and our credit risk were considered in the fair value determination.

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Net interest rate derivative losses of $0.1 million and interest rate derivative gains of less than $0.1 million were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the first quarters of 2020 and 2019, respectively. We expect $1.0 million of existing interest rate swap losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of April 3, 2020 to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments used for our forward contract hedges in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 3, 2020:

At April 3, 2020, we had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts, for the exchange of U.S. dollars and Euros, with a notional amount of $8.9 million and expiration dates through June 2021.

Counterparty default risk is considered low because the forward contracts that we entered into are over-the-counter instruments transacted with highly-rated financial institutions. We were not required to, and did not, post collateral as of April 3, 2020.

Net foreign currency derivative losses of $0.1 million were recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses during the first quarters of 2020 and 2019. We expect $0.4 million of existing foreign currency forward contract losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of April 3, 2020 to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

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NOTE 11

Leases

We determine whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. We have operating leases for office space, apartments, vehicles, and machinery and equipment. Our operating leases have lease terms of less than one year to ten years.

We do not separate lease components from non-lease components (e.g., common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance) but account for both components in a contract as a single lease component.

The components of lease expense are as follows:



	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	April 3, 2020		March 29, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	2,964	$	3,416
Variable lease expense	170		173
Short-term lease expense	10,690		11,197
Total lease expense	$	13,824	$	14,786

Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases is as follows:



	April 3,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2020		2019
Right-of-use assets	$	12,390	$	14,654

Current lease liabilities (recorded in other accrued liabilities)	$	3,903	$	5,743
Long-term lease liabilities (recorded in other non-current liabilities)	9,407		9,811
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,310	$	15,554

Additional ROU assets of $0.5 million were recognized as non-cash asset additions that resulted from new operating lease liabilities during the first quarter of 2020.

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases at April 3, 2020 were 3.8 years and 6.3%, respectively.

Maturities of lease liabilities at April 3, 2020 were as follows:



(In thousands)	Payments due
2020 (excluding the three months ended April 3, 2020)	$	4,599
2021	3,192
2022	2,437
2023	1,430
2024	1,046
2025 and beyond	3,292
Total lease payments	15,996
Less: Imputed interest	(2,686		)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	13,310

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NOTE 12

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

We maintain an equity incentive plan (the 2014 Omnibus Plan) to govern awards granted to Vectrus employees and directors, including nonqualified stock options (NQOs), restricted stock units (RSUs), total shareholder return (TSR) awards and other awards. We account for NQOs and stock-settled RSUs as equity-based compensation awards. TSR awards, described below, and cash-settled RSUs are accounted for as liability-based compensation awards.

Stock-based compensation expense and the associated tax benefits impacting our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows:



	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	April 3, 2020		March 29, 2019
Compensation costs for equity-based awards	$	1,720	$	1,117
Compensation costs for liability-based awards	647		345
Total compensation costs, pre-tax	$	2,367	$	1,462
Future tax benefit	$	511	$	316

Liability-based awards are revalued at the end of each reporting period to reflect changes in fair value.

As of April 3, 2020, total unrecognized compensation costs related to equity-based awards and liability-based awards were $8.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively, which are expected to be recognized ratably over a weighted average period of 2.15 years and 2.14 years, respectively.

The following table provides a summary of the activities for NQOs and RSUs for the three months ended April 3, 2020:



	NQOs			RSUs
(In thousands, except per share data)	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2020	77	$	23.30	301		$	30.30
Granted	—	$	—	103		$	53.05
Exercised	—	$	—	—		$	—
Vested	—	$	—	(112	)	$	28.24
Forfeited or expired	—	$	—	(1	)	$	27.74
Outstanding at April 3, 2020	77	$	23.30	291		$	39.14

For employee RSUs, one-third of the award vests on each of the three anniversary dates following the grant date. Director RSUs are granted on the date of an annual meeting of shareholders and vest on the business day immediately prior to the next annual meeting. The fair value of each RSU grant was determined based on the closing price of Vectrus common stock on the date of grant. Stock compensation expense will be recognized ratably over the vesting period of the awards.

Total Shareholder Return Awards

TSR awards are performance-based cash awards that are subject to a three-year performance period. Any payments earned are made in cash following completion of the performance period according to the achievement of specified performance goals. During the three months ended April 3, 2020, we granted TSR awards with an aggregate target TSR value of $3.0 million. The fair value of TSR awards is measured quarterly and is based on the Company’s performance relative to the performance of the Aerospace and Defense Companies in the S&P 1500 Index. Depending on the Company’s performance during the three-year performance period, payments can range from 0% to 200% of the target value.

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NOTE 13

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

General

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings that are incidental to the operation of our business. Some of these proceedings seek remedies relating to employment matters, matters in connection with our contracts and matters arising under laws relating to the protection of the environment. Additionally, U.S. Government customers periodically advise the Company of claims and penalties concerning certain potential disallowed costs. When such findings are presented, Vectrus and the U.S. Government representatives engage in discussions to enable Vectrus to evaluate the merits of these claims as well as to assess the amounts being claimed. Where appropriate, provisions are made to reflect probable losses related to the matters raised by the U.S. Government representatives. Such assessments, along with any assessments regarding provisions for legal proceedings, are reviewed on a quarterly basis for sufficiency based on the most recent information available to us. We have estimated and accrued $12.3 million and $12.1 million as of April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, in "Other accrued liabilities" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for legal proceedings and for claims with respect to our government contracts as discussed below, including open years subject to audit. Although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter or claim cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including our assessment of the merits of the particular claim, we do not expect that any asserted or unasserted legal or contractual claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, including the lawsuit discussed below, will have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations or financial condition.

U.S. Government Contracts, Investigations and Claims

We have U.S. Government contracts that are funded incrementally on a year-to-year basis. Changes in government policies, priorities or funding levels through agency or program budget reductions by the U.S. Congress or executive agencies could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Furthermore, our contracts with the U.S. Government may be terminated or suspended by the U.S. Government at any time, with or without cause. Such contract suspensions or terminations could result in unreimbursable expenses or charges or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Departments and agencies of the U.S. Government have the authority to investigate various transactions and operations of the Company, and the results of such investigations may lead to administrative, civil or criminal proceedings, the ultimate outcome of which could be fines, penalties, repayments or compensatory or treble damages. U.S. Government regulations provide that certain findings against a contractor may lead to suspension or debarment from future U.S. Government contracts or the loss of export privileges for a company or an operating division or subdivision. Suspension or debarment could have a material adverse effect on the Company because of its reliance on U.S. Government contracts.

U.S. Government agencies, including the Defense Contract Audit Agency, the Defense Contract Management Agency and others, routinely audit and review our performance on government contracts, indirect rates and pricing practices, and compliance with applicable contracting and procurement laws, regulations and standards. Accordingly, costs billed or billable to U.S. Government customers are subject to potential adjustment upon audit by such agencies. The U.S. Government agencies also review the adequacy of our compliance with government standards for our business systems, including our accounting, earned value management, estimating, materials management and accounting, purchasing, and property management systems.

As a result of final indirect rate negotiations between the U.S. Government and our Former Parent, we may be subject to potential adjustments to costs previously allocated by our Former Parent to our business, which was formerly Exelis’ Mission Systems Business, from 2007 through 2014. We are in discussions with our Former Parent regarding the negotiated adjustments from 2007-2014 and believe that our potential cumulative liability for these years is insignificant. In June 2019, the U.S. Government provided us with the Contracting Officers Final Decision (COFD) for the years 2007-2010 related to Former Parent costs. In August 2019, we filed an appeal of the COFD with the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA). Since October 2019, the ASBCA has granted Vectrus’ and the U.S. Government’s joint requests to stay proceedings in the appeal, most recently through July 31, 2020, to enable ongoing discussions regarding the matter between Vectrus and our Former Parent. We believe we are fully indemnified under our Distribution Agreement with our Former Parent and have notified our Former Parent of our appeal of the U.S governments decision in this matter.

COVID-19 Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization designated the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus known as COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Governments and businesses around the world have taken unprecedented actions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including, but not limited to, shelter-in-place orders, quarantines, and significant restrictions on travel, as well as restrictions that prohibit many employees from going to work. Uncertainty with respect to the economic impacts of the pandemic has introduced significant volatility in the financial markets. The Company did not observe significant impacts on its business or results of operations for the three months ended April 3, 2020 due to the global emergence of COVID-19. While the extent to which COVID-19 impacts the Company’s future results will depend on future developments, the pandemic and associated

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economic impacts could result in a material impact to the Company’s future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto and the information under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. This Quarterly Report provides additional information regarding the Company, our services, industry outlook and forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including those related to the potential impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and its impact on us, our operations, or our future financial or operational results. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements. Refer to "Forward-Looking Information" for further information regarding forward-looking statements. Amounts presented in and throughout this Item 2 are rounded and, as such, any rounding differences could occur in period over period changes and percentages reported.

Overview

Vectrus is a leading provider of critical mission support services to the U.S. Government worldwide. We operate in one segment and offer facility and logistics services and information technology and network communications services. Most of our work provides life support and maintenance services for enduring military bases and mission critical IT networks.

Our primary customer is the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), with a high concentration in the U.S. Army. For the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019, we had total revenue of $351.7 million and $325.9 million, respectively, substantially all of which was derived from U.S. Government customers. For the three months ended both April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019, we generated approximately 70% of our total revenue from the U.S. Army.

Executive Summary

Our revenue increased by $25.8 million, or 7.9%, for the three months ended April 3, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019. The increase in revenue was attributable to a $14.6 million expansion on our existing contracts and $11.2 million from our acquisition of Advantor. Revenue from our Middle East programs increased by $11.5 million, our U.S. programs $10.1 million, and our European programs $4.2 million.

Operating income for the three months ended April 3, 2020, was $12.5 million, an increase of $2.1 million, or 20.1%, compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $6.3 million from our Middle East programs offset by decreases of $1.4 million from our U.S. programs and $2.8 million from our European programs.

During the performance of our contracts, we periodically review estimated final contract prices and costs and make revisions as required, which are recorded as changes in revenue and cost of revenue in the periods in which they are determined. Additionally, the fees under certain contracts may be increased or decreased in accordance with cost or performance incentive provisions which measure actual performance against established targets or other criteria. Such incentive fee awards or penalties are included in revenue when there is sufficient information to reasonably assess anticipated contract performance. Amounts representing contract change orders, claims, requests for equitable adjustment, or limitations in funding on contracts are recorded only if it is probable the claim will result in additional contract revenue and the amounts can be reliably estimated. Changes in estimated revenue, cost of revenue and the related effect to operating income are recognized using cumulative adjustments, which recognize in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a contract's percentage of completion. Cumulative adjustments due to aggregate changes in contract estimates decreased operating income by $2.3 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019, respectively. Cumulative adjustments are driven by changes in contract terms, program performance, customer scope changes and changes to estimates in the reported period. These changes can increase or decrease operating income depending on the dynamics of each contract.

Further details related to our financial results for the three months ended April 3, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019, are contained in the "Discussion of Financial Results" section.

Recent Developments

On April 12, 2019, the U.S. Army Contracting Command-Rock Island (ACC-RI) awarded four IDIQ, Multiple Award Task Order Contracts (MATOC), for the Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP) V support services in support of the U.S. military worldwide. The services are to support the Geographical Combatant Commands (GCCs) and Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs) throughout the full range of military operations. Each basic IDIQ contract ordering period will be an initial five-year ordering period and options for five additional one-year ordering periods.

Vectrus is one of four award recipients of the basic IDIQ contract and received the following task orders: INDOPACOM Setting the Theater Task Order and associated Performance Task Order; and CENTCOM Setting the Theater Task Order and associated Performance Task Order. Each task order has its own period of performance. Four of the LOGCAP V offerors filed protests of the awards with the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and, after the GAO denied two of the protests,

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those four offerors filed protests at the U.S. Court of Federal Claims (the Court). At the Court’s request, the GAO issued advisory opinions that rejected the two remaining protests. On February 5, 2020, the Army completed its corrective action review of the LOGCAP V Award and affirmed its initial decision. On February 21, 2020, the Court of Federal Claims dismissed three of the four protests, and the remaining protest has been fully briefed and is awaiting the court’s final adjudication. One of the protestors filed a notice of appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. A second protestor filed a notice of appeal, but subsequently withdrew its notice. No other protestors have filed an appeal, and the deadline for filing such appeal has passed. On March 2, 2020, the Court dismissed the remaining offeror's request for a temporary restraining order through March 11, 2020 and Vectrus received a notice to proceed with transition activities related to LOGCAP V on March 3, 2020.

On February 28, 2020, Vectrus Systems Corporation (VSC), our wholly-owned subsidiary, received notice of a $121.8 million modification of the OMDAC-SWACA contract for enterprise network capabilities and services support of the U.S. Central Command. Work will be based in Kuwait with additional locations throughout Southwest Asia. The estimated completion date is August 28,2020.

Information regarding certain other significant contracts is discussed in "Significant Contracts" below.

COVID-19

The global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and a national emergency by the U.S. Government in March 2020 and has negatively affected the U.S. and global economy, disrupted global supply chains, resulted in significant travel and transport restrictions, including mandated closures and orders to “shelter-in-place,” and created significant disruption of the financial markets. We have taken measures to protect the health and safety of our employees, work with our customers to minimize potential disruptions and support our community in addressing the challenges posed by this global pandemic. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance, including our ability to execute our programs in the expected timeframe, will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic and related actions taken by the U.S. Government, state and local government officials, and international governments to prevent disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. The outbreak did not have a material impact on our operating results or business in the first quarter of 2020. However, we are beginning to experience some issues in each of our business areas related to COVID-19, primarily in access to some locations and delays of supplier deliveries.

During the first quarter of 2020, it is estimated that COVID-19 caused a $2.2 million reduction in our revenue and a $0.02 reduction in our earnings per share. This impact was related to certain government actions to restrict access to a U.S. base by Vectrus personnel and the preemptive draw on the Company's revolver to ensure liquidity during the pandemic.

In accordance with the DoD guidance issued in March 2020 designating the Defense Industrial Base as a critical infrastructure workforce, our U.S. facilities have continued to operate in support of essential products and services required to meet our commitments to the U.S. Government and the U.S. military; however, facility closures or work slowdowns or supply chain disruptions could affect our financial results and projections. In addition, other countries are responding to the pandemic differently which can affect our international operations and the operations of our suppliers and customers. However, any closures to date have not impacted Vectrus’ business materially.

We continue to work with our customers, employees, suppliers and communities to address the impacts of COVID-19. We continue to assess possible implications to our business, supply chain and customers, and to take actions in an effort to mitigate adverse consequences in order to support our customers' mission critical business and national security.

Significant Contracts

The following table reflects contracts that accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019:



	% of Total Revenue
	Three Months Ended
Contract Name	April 3, 2020	March 29, 2019
Kuwait Base Operations and Security Support Services (K-BOSSS)	35.1%	37.3%
Operations, Maintenance and Defense of Army Communications in Southwest Asia and Central Asia (OMDAC-SWACA)	15.8%	15.6%

Revenue associated with a contract will fluctuate based on increases or decreases in the work being performed on the contract, award fee payments, and other contract modifications within the term of the contract resulting in changes to the total contract value. See "Backlog" below.

The K-BOSSS contract currently is exercised through September 28, 2020. K-BOSSS supports geographically-dispersed locations within the State of Kuwait, including several camps and a range training complex. The K-BOSSS contract was re- competed as a task order under the LOGCAP V contract vehicle, which was awarded April 12, 2019 (see "Recent Developments"

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above). The K-BOSSS contract contributed $124 million and $121 million of revenue for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019, respectively.

The OMDAC-SWACA contract is currently exercised through August 20, 2020. The contract provides for enterprise network capabilities and services support of the U.S. Central Command. Work is based in Kuwait with additional locations throughout Southwest Asia. Vectrus has been the incumbent on OMDAC-SWACA since May 2013. The OMDAC-SWACA contract contributed $55 million and $51 million of revenue for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019, respectively.

Backlog

Total backlog includes remaining performance obligations, consisting of funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is contractually obligated by the customer) and unfunded backlog (firm orders for which funding is not currently contractually obligated by the customer, and unexercised contract options). Total backlog excludes potential orders under IDIQ contracts and contracts awarded to us that are being protested by competitors with the GAO or in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. The value of the backlog is based on anticipated revenue levels over the anticipated life of the contract. Actual values may be greater or less than anticipated. Total backlog is converted into revenue as work is performed. The level of order activity related to programs can be affected by the timing of government funding authorizations and their project evaluation cycles. Year-over-year comparisons could, at times, be impacted by these factors, among others.

Our contracts are multi-year contracts and typically include an initial period of one year or less with annual one-year (or less) option periods for the remaining contract period. The number of option periods vary by contract, and there is no guarantee that an option period will be exercised. The right to exercise an option period is at the sole discretion of the U.S. Government when we are the prime contractor or of the prime contractor when we are a subcontractor. The U.S. Government may also extend the term of a program by issuing extensions or bridge contracts, typically for periods of one year or less.

We expect to recognize a substantial portion of our funded backlog as revenue within the next 12 months. However, the U.S. Government or the prime contractor may cancel any contract at any time through a termination for convenience. Most of our contracts have terms that would permit us to recover all or a portion of our incurred costs and fees for work performed in the event of a termination for convenience.

For the three months ended April 3, 2020, total backlog increased by $1,317 million. As of April 3, 2020, total backlog (funded and unfunded) was $4.1 billion as set forth in the following table:



	April 3,		December 31,
(In millions)	2020		2019
Funded backlog	$	1,034	$	707
Unfunded backlog	3,034		2,044
Total backlog	$	4,068	$	2,751

Funded orders (different from funded backlog) represent orders for which funding was received during the period. We received funded orders of $957.1 million during the three months ended April 3, 2020, which was an increase of $311.1 million compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019.

Economic Opportunities, Challenges and Risks

The U.S. Government’s investment in services and capabilities in response to changing security challenges creates a complex and fluid business environment for Vectrus and other firms in this market segment. The pace and depth of U.S. Government acquisition reform and cost savings initiatives, combined with increased industry competitiveness to win long-term positions on key programs, could add pressure to revenue levels and profit margins going forward. However, we expect the U.S. Government will continue to place a high priority on national security and will continue to invest in affordable solutions for its facilities, logistics, equipment, operational technology, and communication needs, which aligns with our services and strengths. Further, the DoD budget remains the largest in the world and management believes our addressable portion of the DoD budget offers substantial opportunity for growth. On December 20, 2019, the President signed the annual FY 2020 appropriations bill, which provides $738 billion in discretionary funding for national defense and includes $667 billion in base funding and $71 billion in overseas contingency operations funding. The approved funding is in accordance with the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019.

We believe spending on operation and maintenance of defense assets, as well as civilian agency infrastructure and equipment, will continue to be a U.S. Government priority. Our focus is on sustaining facilities, equipment, and IT networks, while utilizing operational technologies and converged solutions to improve efficiency and the outcomes of our clients' missions. We believe this aligns with our customers' intent to utilize existing equipment and infrastructure rather than executing new purchases. Many of the core functions we perform are mission-essential. The following are examples of a few of these core functions: (i) keeping communications networks operational; (ii) maintaining airfields; and (iii) providing emergency services. While customers may reduce the level of services required from us, we do not currently anticipate the complete elimination of these services.

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Currently, the ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused disruptions to national and global economies. The impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on societies, governments, markets, businesses and social norms is significant. As an essential business and operator of critical infrastructures primarily for the DoD and the Intelligence Communities, we have continued to conduct our operations to support client missions while implementing measures to protect the health and safety of our employees. However, the recent COVID-19 or other outbreaks could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. The impact to our business is currently unknown due to the uncertainty around the duration of the pandemic and its broader impact on the global economy, our clients, and employees. Potential impacts could arise from our employee’s inability to access our facilities or the facilities of our clients as well as any change in performance or cost on our contracts that might not fully recoverable. Additionally, travel restrictions and the availability of our employee population could impact our ability to support existing and new contracts.

The information provided above does not represent a complete list of trends and uncertainties that could impact our business in either the near or long-term and should be considered along with the risk factors identified under the caption “Risk Factors” identified in Part 1, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the matters identified under the caption “Forward-Looking Statement Information" and Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” herein.

DISCUSSION OF FINANCIAL RESULTS

Three months ended April 3, 2020, compared to three months ended March 29, 2019

Selected financial highlights are presented in the following table:



	Three Months Ended						Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)	April 3, 2020			March 29, 2019			$			%
Revenue	$	351,734		$	325,906		$	25,828		7.9	%
Cost of revenue	319,693			295,596			24,097			8.2	%
% of revenue	90.9		%	90.7		%
Selling, general and administrative	19,558			19,919			(361		)	(1.8	)%
% of revenue	5.6		%	6.1		%
Operating income	12,483			10,391			2,092			20.1	%
Operating margin	3.5		%	3.2		%
Interest expense, net	(1,703		)	(1,575		)	128			8.1	%
Income before taxes	10,780			8,816			1,964			22.3	%
% of revenue	3.1		%	2.7		%
Income tax expense	2,112			1,742			370			21.2	%
Effective income tax rate	19.6		%	19.8		%
Net Income	$	8,668		$	7,074		$	1,594		22.5	%

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended April 3, 2020 was $351.7 million, an increase of $25.8 million, or 7.9%, as compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019. The increase in revenue was attributable to a $14.6 million expansion on our existing contracts and $11.2 million from our acquisition of Advantor. Revenue from our Middle East programs increased by $11.5 million, our U.S. programs $10.1 million, and our European programs $4.2 million.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was 90.9% compared to 90.7% for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and the three months ended March 29, 2019, respectively. The increase in cost of revenue of $24.1 million, or 8.2%, for the three months ended April 3, 2020, as compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019, was primarily due to increased revenue as described above.

Selling, General & Administrative (SG&A) Expenses

For the three months ended April 3, 2020, SG&A expenses of $19.6 million decreased by $0.4 million, or 1.8%, as compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019 due primarily to the decrease in business acquisition expense of $1.0 million and an increase in various miscellaneous expenses of $0.6 million.

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Operating Income

Operating income for the three months ended April 3, 2020 increased by $2.1 million, or 20.1%, as compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019. This increase was primarily due to higher operating income of $6.3 million from our Middle East programs offset by decreases of $1.4 million from our U.S. programs and $2.8 million from our European programs.

Operating income as a percentage of revenue was 3.5% for the three months ended April 3, 2020, compared to 3.2% for the three months ended March 29, 2019.

Aggregate cumulative adjustments decreased operating income by $2.3 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019, respectively. The aggregate cumulative adjustments for the three months ended April 3, 2020 related to lower margins associated with contract staffing and increased Other Direct Costs (ODCs). The aggregate cumulative adjustments for the three months ended March 29, 2019 related to lower margins associated with labor-related items and contract staffing.

Interest (Expense) Income, Net

Interest (expense) income, net for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended						Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)	April 3, 2020			March 29, 2019			$			%
Interest income	$	31		$	39		$	(8	)	(21	)%
Interest expense	(1,734		)	(1,614		)	(120		)	(7	)%
Interest expense, net	$	(1,703	)	$	(1,575	)	$	(128	)	(8	)%

Interest income is directly related to interest earned on our cash. Interest expense is directly related to borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities, with the amortization of debt issuance costs and derivative instruments used to hedge a portion of our exposure to interest rate risk. The increase in interest expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended April 3, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 29, 2019 was due to increased use of our revolving credit facility in 2020 primarily to mitigate potential liquidity risk in the financial markets due to COVID-19.

Income Tax Expense

We recorded income tax expense of $2.1 million and $1.7 million, for the three months ended April 3, 2020 and March 29, 2019, respectively, representing effective income tax rates of 19.6% and 19.8%, respectively.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

We have generated operating cash flow sufficient to fund our working capital, capital expenditures, and financing requirements. We expect to fund our ongoing working capital, capital expenditure and financing requirements, and pursue additional growth through new business development and potential acquisition opportunities by using cash flows from operations, cash on hand, our credit facilities and access to capital markets. When necessary we will utilize our revolving credit facility to satisfy short-term working capital requirements.

If our cash flows from operations are less than we expect, we may need to access the long-term or short-term capital markets. Although we believe that our current financing arrangements will permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions, our access to and the availability of financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including: (i) our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating, (ii) the liquidity of the overall capital markets and (iii) the current state of the economy. We cannot provide assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or that such financing will be available at all.

To date, COVID-19 has not had a significant impact on our liquidity, cash flows or capital resources. However, the continued spread of COVID-19 has also led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which, depending on future developments, could impact our capital resources and liquidity in the future. In addition, to meet current and potential short-term working capital requirements and strengthen the Company's cash position in response to COVID-19 uncertainties, Vectrus drew $115 million from its revolving credit facility during the first quarter of 2020 and had net debt of $37.8 million which was relatively flat compared to the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2019. A significant portion of the revolver has subsequently been repaid.

In addition, on March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, President Trump signed into law the CARES Act, which provides for the deferral of certain tax payments. The CARES Act also contains numerous other provisions which may benefit Vectrus and we continue to review ongoing government guidance on both the CARES Act and COVID-19 to assess potential impacts on our liquidity and capital resources.

The cash presented on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of U.S. and international cash from wholly owned subsidiaries. Approximately $13.7 million of our total $146.2 million in cash at April 3, 2020 is held by our foreign subsidiaries and is not available to fund U.S. operations unless repatriated. We do not currently expect that we will be required to repatriate

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undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. We expect our U.S. domestic cash resources will be sufficient to fund our U.S. operating activities and cash commitments for financing activities.

In September 2014, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, VSC, entered into a credit agreement with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent. The credit agreement was amended as of April 19, 2016, to modify certain financial and negative covenants (as so amended, the Credit Agreement). On November 15, 2017, we and VSC entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the Amendment Agreement) with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, which provides for the amendment and restatement of the Credit Agreement. The Amendment Agreement provides for $200.0 million in senior secured financing, consisting of a $80.0 million five-year term loan facility (the Amended Term Loan) and a $120.0 million five-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the Amended Revolver, and together with the Amended Term Loan, the Amended Credit Facilities). We used $74.6 million from the Amended Term Loan to repay principal and accrued but unpaid interest on the Credit Agreement. There were $115.0 million outstanding borrowings under the Amended Revolver at April 3, 2020. At April 3, 2020, there were two letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $2.4 million, which reduced our borrowing availability under the Amended Revolver to $2.6 million.

Dividends

We do not currently plan to pay a regular dividend on our common stock. The declaration of any future cash dividends and if declared, the amount of any such dividends, will depend upon our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, financial covenants and other contractual restrictions and the discretion of our Board of Directors. In deciding whether to pay future dividends on our common stock, our Board of Directors may take into account such matters as general business conditions, industry practice, our financial condition and performance, our future prospects, our cash needs and capital investment plans, income tax consequences, applicable law and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Sources and Uses of Liquidity

Cash, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and accounts payable are the principal components of our working capital and are generally driven by our level of revenue with other short-term fluctuations related to payment practices by our customers and the timing of our billings. Our receivables reflect amounts billed to our customers, as well as the revenue that was recognized in the preceding month, which is normally billed the month following each balance sheet date.

The total amount of our accounts receivable can vary significantly over time and is sensitive to revenue levels and the timing of payments received from our customers. Days sales outstanding (DSO) is a metric used to monitor accounts receivable levels. The Company determines its DSO by calculating the number of days necessary to exhaust its ending accounts receivable balance based on its most recent historical revenue. Our DSO was 66 days as of both April 3, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The following table sets forth net cash used in operating activities, investing activities and financing activities:



	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	April 3, 2020			March 29, 2019
Operating activities	$	1,137		$	(6,386	)
Investing activities	(917		)	(9,886		)
Financing activities	111,714			(1,081		)
Foreign exchange¹	(1,080		)	(618		)
Net change in cash	$	110,854		$	(17,971	)
¹Impact on cash balances due to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Trends in our operating cash flows tend to follow trends in operating income, excluding non-cash charges. Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended April 3, 2020 consisted of net income of $8.7 million, increased by non-cash items of $4.5 million and offset by unfavorable net changes to working capital of $9.7 million, primarily due to the timing of payments of compensation and other employee benefits and prepaid expenses partially offset by increased collections of accounts receivable. Net changes in other long-term liabilities and assets resulted in an additional $2.4 million of operating cash outflows.

Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 29, 2019 consisted of net income of $7.1 million, increased by non-cash items of $2.9 million and offset by unfavorable net changes working capital changes of $13.5 million primarily due to the timing of cash collections and payments as reflected in an increase in receivables and net decrease in payables. Unfavorable net changes in other long-term assets and liabilities contributed an additional $2.9 million to operating cash outflows.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended April 3, 2020 consisted of capital expenditures for the purchase of software and hardware, and vehicles and equipment related to ongoing operations. Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 29, 2019 consisted of capital expenditures for the purchase of intangible assets, software and hardware, leasehold improvements, and vehicles and equipment related to ongoing operations.

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Net cash used in financing activities during the three months ended April 3, 2020 consisted of net draw downs of $115.0 million from our revolver, partially offset by repayments of long-term debt of $1.5 million and payments related to employee withholding taxes on share-based compensation in the amount of $1.8 million. During the three months ended April 3, 2020, we borrowed $144.0 million and repaid $29.0 million on the Amended Revolver to meet current and potential short-term working capital requirements and strengthen the Company's cash position in response to COVID-19 uncertainties.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 29, 2019 consisted of repayments of long-term debt of $1.0 million and payments related to employee withholding taxes on share-based compensation in the amount of $0.7 million, offset by $0.6 million in cash received from the exercise of stock options. During the three months ended March 29, 2019, we borrowed and repaid a total of $48.0 million from the prior revolving credit facility to meet short-term working capital requirements.

Capital Resources

At April 3, 2020, we held cash of $146.2 million, which included $13.7 million held by foreign subsidiaries, and had $2.6 million of available borrowing capacity under the Amended Revolver, which expires on November 15, 2022. We believe that our cash at April 3, 2020, as supplemented by cash flows from operations and the Amended Revolver, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating costs, capital expenditures and current debt repayment obligations for at least the next 12 months.

We have a shelf registration statement with the SEC that became effective in January 2020 under which we may issue, from time to time, up to $250 million of common stock, preferred stock, depository shares, warrants, rights and debt securities. If necessary, we may seek to obtain additional term loans or issue debt or equity under the registration statement to supplement our working capital and investing requirements or to fund acquisitions. A financing transaction may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and a financing transaction may be dilutive to our current stockholders.

Contractual Obligations

During the three months ended April 3, 2020, we paid $1.5 million in quarterly installment payments on the Amended Term Loan. See Note 11, "Leases" for additional contractual obligation information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have obligations relating to operating leases and letters of credit outstanding. Our Amended Revolver is available for working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes. Up to $25.0 million of the Amended Revolver is available for the issuance of letters of credit. As of April 3, 2020, there was $115 million of outstanding borrowings under the Amended Revolver and two letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $2.4 million. Both reduced our borrowing availability to $2.6 million under the Amended Revolver. These arrangements have not had, and management does not believe it is likely that they will in the future have, a material effect on our liquidity, capital resources, operations or financial condition.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available. Management believes that the accounting estimates employed and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results in these areas could differ from management's estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, goodwill impairment assessments and income taxes have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates from those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 2 "Recent Accounting Standards Update" in the notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding accounting pronouncements and accounting standards updates.

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and certain information incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and, as such, may involve risks and uncertainties. All statements included or incorporated by reference in this report, other than statements that are purely historical, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “potential,” “continue” or similar terminology. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of the Company based on information currently available to management. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of

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future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company's historical experience and our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the global economy; and other factors contained below under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” our ability to submit proposals for and/or win all potential opportunities in our pipeline; our ability to retain and renew our existing contracts; our ability to compete with other companies in our market; security breaches and other disruptions to our information technology and operation; our mix of cost-plus, cost- reimbursable, and firm-fixed-price contracts; maintaining our reputation and relationship with the U.S. Government; protests of new awards; our acquisition of Advantor and its integration into our business; economic, political and social conditions in the countries in which we conduct our businesses; changes in U.S. or international government defense budgets; government regulations and compliance therewith, including changes to the DoD procurement process; changes in technology; intellectual property matters; governmental investigations, reviews, audits and cost adjustments; contingencies related to actual or alleged environmental contamination, claims and concerns; delays in completion of the U.S. Government's budget; our success in extending, deepening, and enhancing our technical capabilities; our success in expanding our geographic footprint or broadening our customer base; our ability to realize the full amounts reflected in our backlog; impairment of goodwill; misconduct of our employees, subcontractors, agents, prime contractors and business partners; our ability to control costs; our level of indebtedness; and terms of our credit agreement; interest rate risk; subcontractor performance; economic and capital markets conditions; our ability to maintain safe work sites and equipment; our ability to retain and recruit qualified personnel; and to maintain good relationships with our workforce; our teaming relationships with other contractors; changes in our accounting estimates; the adequacy of our insurance coverage; volatility in our stock price; changes in our tax provisions or exposure to additional income tax liabilities; risks and uncertainties relating to the Spin-off; changes in GAAP; and other factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and described from time to time in our future reports filed with the SEC.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our earnings, cash flows and financial position are exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. All of the potential changes noted below are based on information available at April 3, 2020.

Interest Rate Risk

Each one percentage point change associated with the variable rate Amended Term Loan would result in a $0.2 million change in our annual cash interest expenses, net of interest rate swaps in place as of April 3, 2020 to hedge a portion of this risk

Assuming our Amended Revolver was fully drawn to a principal amount equal to $120.0 million, each one percentage point change in interest rates would result in a $1.2 million change in our annual cash interest expense.

As of April 3, 2020, the notional value of our interest rate swap agreements totaled $51.9 million. The difference to be paid or received under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements is accrued as interest rates change and recognized as an adjustment to interest expense for the related debt in the period incurred. Changes in the variable interest rates to be paid pursuant to the terms of the interest rate swap agreements will have a corresponding effect on future cash flows. Refer to Note 10, "Derivative Instruments" in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our interest rate swaps.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The majority of our business is conducted in U.S. dollars. However, we are required to transact in foreign currencies for some of our contracts, resulting in some assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. Therefore, our earnings may experience some volatility related to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into forward foreign exchange contracts to buy or sell various foreign currencies to selectively protect against volatility in the value of non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts are recognized in earnings. As of April 3, 2020, the U.S. dollar notional value of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was approximately $8.9 million. The net fair value of these contracts at April 3, 2020 was a liability of $0.4 million.

We perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the effects that market risk exposures may have on the fair values of our foreign currency forward contracts. To perform the sensitivity analysis, we assess the risk of loss in fair values from the effect of hypothetical changes in foreign currency exchange rates. This analysis assumes a like movement by the foreign currencies in our hedge portfolio against the U.S. dollar. As of April 3, 2020, a 5% appreciation in the value of the U.S. dollar would result in a net decrease in the fair value of our derivative portfolio of approximately $0.4 million.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of April 3, 2020. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of April 3, 2020, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

On July 8, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Advantor. We are in the process of integrating Advantor’s financial reporting processes and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting into our financial reporting processes, procedures and internal controls. In the course of integrating Advantor’s financial reporting processes and procedures with ours, we may implement changes to financial reporting processes and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting and will disclose any such changes, if material, as required by the rules of the SEC. Management intends to complete its assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting for the acquired business within one year of the date of the acquisition. As permitted by the SEC, we have excluded Advantor from our assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended April 3, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings that are incidental to the operation of our business. Some of these proceedings seek remedies relating to employment matters, matters in connection with our contracts and matters arising under laws relating to the protection of the environment.

Although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including our assessment of the merits of the particular claim, we do not expect that any asserted or unasserted legal claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations or financial condition.

Refer to Note 13 "Commitments and Contingencies" in the notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We face various risks related to health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks, particularly COVID-19, which may have material adverse effects on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

The global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and a national emergency by the U.S. Government in March 2020 and has negatively affected the U.S. and global economy, disrupted global supply chains, resulted in significant travel and transport restrictions, including mandated closures and orders to “shelter-in-place,” and created significant disruption in the global financial markets. The outbreak has not had a material impact on our operating results or business in the first quarter of 2020. However, the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance, including our ability to execute our programs in the expected time-frame, will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic and related actions taken by the U.S. Government, state and local government officials, and international governments to prevent disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Further, if significant portions of our workforce are unable to continue to work effectively because of illness, quarantine, government actions, facility closures, travel restrictions, disruptions related to increased teleworking policies, social distancing or other restrictions related to COVID-19, our operations, efficiency and effectiveness may be impacted in the future.

In addition, in March 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains certain relief provisions to address increased costs incurred by government contractors in the performance of their contracts during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the practical application of the CARES Act is still unknown, and any cost increases related to COVID-19 may not be fully recoverable under our contracts or the CARES Act or adequately covered by insurance.

It is also possible that the continued spread of COVID-19 could delay or limit the ability of the U.S. Government and other customers to perform on its obligations, including making timely payments to us. Essentially all of our revenue is derived from services ultimately sold to the U.S. Government, and we cannot predict the effect COVID-19 may have on our customers’ spending and mission priorities. The COVID-19 pandemic could delay the announcement of new contract awards and/or the timing of start-up or transition of our major contracts, including, but not limited to, LOGCAP V. Any prolonged interruptions in payment or transition activities on our large contracts may disrupt our cash flows, and these uncertainties could adversely affect both our operations and financial position.

We are working with our stakeholders (including customers, employees, suppliers and local communities) to address this global pandemic. We continuously assess any possible implications on our business and customers to mitigate adverse consequences. Due to the many uncertainties and the rapidly changing business environment, the impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows in the future.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS



10.1	Boyle Employment Letter, dated October 3, 2018, between Vectrus, Inc. and Kevin T. Boyle (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Vectrus, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 26, 2020)
31.1	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 +
31.2	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 +
32.1	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This Exhibit is intended to be furnished in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b) (32) (ii) and shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference. +
32.2	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This Exhibit is intended to be furnished in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b) (32) (ii) and shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference. +
101	The following materials from Vectrus, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2020, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes to Shareholders' Equity and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. #

+ Indicates this document is filed as an exhibit herewith.

# Submitted electronically with this report.

The Company’s Commission File Number for Reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K is 001-36341.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



VECTRUS, INC.
/s/ William B. Noon
By: William B. Noon
Corporate Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: May 12, 2020