KFS Kingsway Financial Services Inc New

Item 1. Financial Statements

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

(1) Net of income tax expense (benefit) of $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 1 BUSINESS

Kingsway Financial Services Inc. (the "Company" or "Kingsway") was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) on September 19, 1989. Effective December 31, 2018, the Company changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from the province of Ontario, Canada, to the State of Delaware.  Kingsway is a holding company with operating subsidiaries located in the United States. The Company owns or controls subsidiaries primarily in the extended warranty and business services industries.

NOTE 2 BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements of the Company. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been included and are of a normal recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2022 Annual Report") for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The unaudited consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as certain variable interest entities as further described in Note 6, "Variable Interest Entities," to the consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Annual Report. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates and their underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in estimates are recorded in the accounting period in which they are determined.

The critical accounting estimates and assumptions in the accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition; valuation of fixed maturities and equity investments; impairment assessment of investments; valuation of limited liability investments, at fair value; valuation of deferred income taxes; accounting for business combinations and asset acquisitions; valuation and impairment assessment of intangible assets; goodwill recoverability; deferred contract costs; fair value assumptions for subordinated debt obligations; fair value assumptions for subsidiary stock-based compensation awards; fair value assumptions for derivative financial instruments; and contingent consideration.

The fair values of the Company's investments in fixed maturities and equity investments, limited liability investments, at fair value, subordinated debt, derivative financial instruments and contingent consideration are estimated using a fair value hierarchy to categorize the inputs it uses in valuation techniques. Fair values for other investments approximate their unpaid principal balance. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair values for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and certain other assets and other liabilities because of their short-term nature.

NOTE 3 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Except as noted below, there have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as reported in our 2022 Annual Report.

The following two accounting policies, Investments and Service Fee Receivables, have been updated effective  January 1, 2023 to include additional disclosure as a result of the Company's adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as further described in Note 4, "Recently Issued Accounting Standards".

Investments - Impairments

When an available-for-sale fixed maturity investment is impaired, it is evaluated to determine whether there is an intent to sell the investment before recovery of amortized cost or whether a credit loss exists.

For fixed maturity investments that the Company intends to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell before an anticipated recovery of value, the full amount of the impairment is recognized as an impairment loss in the consolidated statements of operations. The investment’s amortized cost is written down to its fair value and is not adjusted for any subsequent recoveries.

For fixed maturity investments that the Company does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell before an anticipated recovery of value, the Company evaluates whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis has occurred from a credit loss or other non-credit related factors.  

Considerations in the credit loss assessment include (1) extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, (2) conditions related to the investment, an industry, or a geographic area, (3) payment structure of the investment and the likelihood of the issuer's ability to make contractual cash flows, (4) defaults or other collectability concerns related to the issuer, (5) changes in the ratings assigned by a rating agency and (6) other credit enhancements that affect the investment’s expected performance.

If a credit loss exists, an allowance is established, which is equal to the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis.  The expected allowance for credit losses is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis and is adjusted in subsequent periods for any additional expected credit losses or subsequent recoveries.  Changes in the allowance are reported as an impairment loss in the consolidated statements of operations.  The amortized cost basis of the investment is not adjusted for the expected allowance for credit loss. The impairment related to other non-credit related factors is reported in other comprehensive loss.

The Company reports accrued investment income separately for available-for-sale fixed maturity investments and has made a policy election to not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued investment income. Accrued investment income is written off against net investment income at the time the issuer of the bond defaults or is expected to default on interest payments.

Service Fee Receivables 

Service fee receivable includes balances due and uncollected from customers. Service fee receivable is reported net of an estimated allowance for credit losses.  The Company recognizes credit losses based on a forward-looking current expected credit losses.  The Company estimates expected credit losses based upon its assessment of various factors, including historical collection experience, the age of service fee receivable balances, credit quality of its customers, current economic conditions, management’s experience, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect its ability to collect from customers.  Expected credit losses are recorded as general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.  Amounts are written off against the allowance when determined to be uncollectible.  Write-offs are applied as a reduction to the allowance for credit losses and any recoveries of previous write-offs are netted against bad debt expense in the period recovered.

Holding Company Liquidity

The Company's Extended Warranty and Kingsway Search Xcelerator subsidiaries fund their obligations primarily through service fee and commission revenue. 

The liquidity of the holding company is managed separately from its subsidiaries. The obligations of the holding company primarily consist of holding company operating expenses; transaction-related expenses; investments; certain debt and associated interest; and any other extraordinary demands on the holding company.

The holding company’s liquidity, defined as the amount of cash in the bank accounts of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. and Kingsway America Inc., was $8.0 million and $48.9 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The holding company cash amounts are reflected in the cash and cash equivalents of $8.3 million and $64.2 million reported at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company notes there are outstanding warrants that expire in September 2023 and, if all outstanding warrants were exercised, the Company would receive an additional $16.0 million of exercise proceeds.  The Company also notes that it has an additional $10.0 million available from the second amendment to the 2020 KWH Loan (see Note 11, "Debt"), that is available to be drawn.

Based on the Company’s current business plan and revenue prospects, existing cash, cash equivalents, investment balances and anticipated cash flows from operations are expected to be sufficient to meet the Company’s working capital and operating expenditure requirements for the next twelve months. However, the Company’s assessment could also be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the developing macro-economic environment.

NOTE 4 RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

(a)    Adoption of New Accounting Standards:

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 replaces the current incurred loss model used to measure impairment losses with an expected loss model for trade, reinsurance, and other receivables as well as financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by means of an allowance for credit losses that runs through net income (loss).  For available-for-sale fixed maturities carried at fair value, estimated credit losses will continue to be measured at the present value of expected cash flows, however, the other than temporary impairment concept has been eliminated. Under the previous guidance, estimated credit impairments resulted in a write down of amortized cost. Under the new guidance, estimated credit losses are recognized through an allowance and reversals of the allowance are permitted if the estimate of credit losses declines. For available-for-sale fixed maturities where there is an intent to sell, impairment will continue to result in a write down of amortized cost. 

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using a modified retrospective method for service fee receivable and other receivables.  Prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the previous accounting guidance. A prospective transition approach is required for available-for-sale fixed maturity investments that  have recognized an other-than-temporary impairment write down prior to the effective date.  The adoption of ASU 2016-13 resulted in no cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit at January 1, 2023.

(b)    Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted:

In March 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-02 Investments Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. These amendments allow reporting entities to elect to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-02 to have an impact on its consolidated financials statements.

NOTE 5 ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSAL AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

CSuite Financial Partners, LLC

On July 29, 2022, Professional Warranty Services LLC ("PWS LLC"), a subsidiary of the Company entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (the "Agreement") with Professional Warranty Service Corporation ("PWSC"), an 80% majority-owned, indirect subsidiary of the Company, Tyler Gordy, the president of PWSC and a 20% owner of PWSC ("Gordy") and PCF Insurance Services of the West, LLC ("Buyer"), pursuant to which PWS LLC and Gordy sold PWSC to Buyer. 

NOTE 6 INVESTMENTS

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, and estimated fair value of the Company's available-for-sale investments at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized in the tables shown below:

The table below summarizes the Company's fixed maturities at March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity periods. Actual results may differ as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties, prior to the contractual maturity of these obligations.

The following tables highlight the aggregate unrealized loss position, by security type, of available-for-sale investments in unrealized loss positions where no credit loss allowance had been established as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The tables segregate the holdings based on the period of time the investments have been continuously held in unrealized loss positions.

At March 31, 2023, there are approximately 196 individual available-for-sale investments that were in unrealized loss positions, for which an allowance for credit losses had not been recorded.  The Company did not have the intent to sell these investments, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these investments before recovery of its amortized cost. The Company evaluated these investments for credit losses at March 31, 2023. The Company considers many factors in evaluating whether the unrealized losses were credit related including, but not limited to, the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, conditions related to the security, industry, or geographic area, payment structure of the investment and the likelihood of the issuer’s ability to make contractual cashflows, defaults or other collectability concerns related to the issuer, changes in the ratings assigned by a rating agency, and other credit enhancements that affect the investment’s expected performance. The Company determined that the unrealized losses on the fixed maturity investments were due to non-credit related factors at March 31, 2023.

At December 31, 2022, there are approximately 208 individual available-for-sale investments that were in unrealized loss positions. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company performed an analysis of the individual investments to determine if declines in market value were other-than-temporary.  See the "Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Estimates" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition included in the 2022 Annual Report for further information regarding the Company's detailed analysis and factors considered in establishing an other-than-temporary impairment on an investment.  The  Company reviewed currently available information regarding investments with estimated fair values less than their carrying amounts and believes these unrealized losses are not other-than-temporary and are primarily due to temporary market and sector-related factors rather than to issuer-specific factors. The Company did not have the intent to sell these investments, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell those investments before recovery of its amortized cost.

The Company did not record any write-downs for impairment related to investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

The Company does not have any exposure to subprime mortgage-backed investments.

Limited liability investments include investments in limited liability companies and limited partnerships. The Company's interests in these investments are not deemed minor and, therefore, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The most recently available financial statements are used in applying the equity method. The difference between the end of the reporting period of the limited liability entities and that of the Company is no more than three months. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of limited liability investments totaled $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Income or loss from limited liability investments is recognized based on the Company's share of the earnings of the limited liability entities and is included in net investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. At March 31, 2023, the Company had no unfunded commitments related to limited liability investments.  

Limited liability investments, at fair value represents the underlying investments of the Company’s consolidated entities Net Lease Investment Grade Portfolio, LLC ("Net Lease") and Argo Holdings Fund I, LLC ("Argo Holdings").  As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the Company's limited liability investments, at fair value was $11.7 million and $17.1 million, respectively.  The Company recorded no impairments related to limited liability investments, at fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023, the Company had no unfunded commitments to fund limited liability investments, at fair value.

The Company consolidates the financial statements of Net Lease on a three-month lag. Net Lease owns investments in limited liability companies that hold investment properties. During the fourth quarter of 2022, one of Net Lease's limited liability companies refinanced their existing debt.  A portion of the debt proceeds were distributed to Net Lease, which decreased Net Lease's investment in the limited liability company.  During the first quarter of 2023, Net Lease sold its final investment property for $15.8 million. As a result of the three-month lag, the Company will record this transaction in its second quarter 2023 financial statements.  

Investments in private companies consist of convertible preferred stocks and notes in privately owned companies and investments in limited liability companies in which the Company’s interests are deemed minor. The Company's investments in private companies do not have readily determinable fair values. The Company has elected to record investments in private companies at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the Company's investments in private companies totaled $0.8 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the Company did not record any adjustments to the fair value of its investments in private companies for observable price changes.

The Company performs a quarterly impairment analysis of its investments in private companies.  As a result of the analysis performed, the Company did not record any impairments related to investments in private companies for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

Net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 is comprised as follows:

Gross realized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, limited liability investments, limited liability investments, at fair value and investments in private companies for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 are comprised as follows:

Gain (loss) on change in fair value of equity investments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 is comprised as follows:

The Company holds warrants in Limbach Holdings, Inc. ("Limbach").  During the first quarter of 2023, the underlying common stock price of Limbach increased, resulting in an increase in the fair value of the warrants held as of March 31, 2023.

As further discussed in Note 5, "Acquisitions, Disposal and Discontinued Operations," during the first quarter of 2023 the Company settled the working capital true-up, related to the acquisition of CSuite, that decreased goodwill by less than $0.1 million.

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually as of November 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Although the Company believes its estimates of fair value are reasonable, actual financial results could differ from those estimates due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making such estimates. Changes in assumptions concerning future financial results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value of the reporting units, the amount of the goodwill impairment charge, or both.  No impairment charges were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

The Company's intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized either based on the patterns in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are expected to be consumed or using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 7 to 15 years. Amortization of intangible assets was $1.4 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

The trade names intangible assets have indefinite useful lives and are not amortized. No impairment charges were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names, which are assessed for impairment annually as of November 30, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company may perform its impairment test for any indefinite-lived intangible asset through a qualitative assessment or elect to proceed directly to a quantitative impairment test, however, the Company may resume a qualitative assessment in any subsequent period if facts and circumstances permit.

As of November 30, 2022, the Company conducted its annual qualitative assessment. As a result, the Company determined that certain trade names should be further examined under a quantitative approach. Based on the results of the quantitative approach, the estimated fair values of the trade names exceeded their respective carrying values; therefore, the Company did not record any impairment.  However, the Company notes that certain of its indefinite-lived intangible assets are sensitive to changes in interest rates and a continued increase in rates could cause certain assets to become impaired.

NOTE 10 DERIVATIVES

On April 1, 2021, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with CIBC Bank USA to convert the variable London interbank offered interest rate for three-month U.S. dollar deposits ("LIBOR") interest rate on a portion of its 2020 KWH Loan (as defined below in Note 11, "Debt,") to a fixed interest rate of 1.18%.  On September 15, 2022, the interest rate swap agreement was amended to convert from a variable Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") to a fixed interest rate of 1.103%.  The interest rate swap had an initial notional amount of $11.9 million and matures on February 29, 2024.

The purpose of this interest rate swap, which is not designated as a cash flow hedge, is to reduce the Company's exposure to variability in cash flows from interest payments attributable to fluctuations in the variable interest rate associated with the 2020 KWH Loan.  The Company has not elected hedge accounting for the interest rate swap.  The interest rate swap is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

The notional amount of the interest rate swap contract is $8.2 million at March 31, 2023.  At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the interest rate swap contract was an asset of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, which is included in other receivables in the consolidated balance sheets.  During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and  March 31, 2022, the Company recognized a loss of $0.1 million and a gain of $0.2 million, respectively, related to the change in fair value of the interest rate swap, which is included in interest expense in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations and within cash flows from operating activities in the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows.  Net cash receipts of $0.1 million were made to the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and net cash payments of less than $0.1 million were made by the Company during the three months ended  March 31, 2022, to settle a portion of the liabilities related to the interest rate swap agreement.  These cash receipts and payments are reflected as cash inflows or outflows in the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows within net cash (used in) provided by operating activities.

On August 2, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with a holder of four of the trust preferred debt instruments ("TruPs") that gives the Company the option to repurchase up to 100% of the holder’s principal and deferred interest for a purchase price equal to 63.75% of the outstanding principal and deferred interest ( "August Option"). Originally, the agreement called for a repurchase at 63%, which escalated to 63.75% once the September 26, 2022 agreement (described below) was signed.  The Company agreed that any repurchase made will be for no less than 50% of the TruPs held by the holder.  

Until the earlier of (i) the date that all four of the preferred debt instruments have been repurchased and (ii) the nine month anniversary of the agreement ( "May Termination Date"), all interest on the four preferred debt instruments will continue to accrue.  However, with respect to TruPs that are repurchased prior to the May Termination Date, the amount of interest accrued during the term of the agreement will be treated as an offset and reduce the repurchase price for such TruPs.  The Company had no obligation to pay any such accrued interest with respect to any of the TruPs that are repurchased prior to the May Termination Date.

The Company paid approximately $2.0 million to the holder for this option and the Company had until the May Termination Date to execute the repurchases. If the Company repurchased an amount equal to or greater than $30.0 million, then the $2.0 million paid would be applied to such repurchases.

On September 20, 2022, the Company entered into an additional agreement with the same party to the August 2, 2022 agreement that gives the Company the option to repurchase up to 100% of the holder’s principal and deferred interest for 63.75% of the outstanding principal and deferred interest relating to a portion of a fifth TruPs held ( "September 20 Option"). The September 20, 2020 agreement is subject to the same terms and conditions as the August 2, 2022 and no additional consideration was paid.

On September 26, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with a holder of a portion of one of the TruPs that gives the Company the option to repurchase up to 100% of the holder’s principal and deferred interest for a purchase price equal to 63% of the outstanding principal and deferred interest ( "September 26 Option"). 

Until the earlier of (i) the date that all of the preferred debt instrument has been repurchased and (ii) the May Termination Date, all interest on the preferred debt instrument will continue to accrue.  However, with respect to TruPs that are repurchased prior to the May Termination Date, the amount of interest accrued during the term of the agreement will be treated as an offset and reduce the repurchase price for such TruPs.  The Company had no obligation to pay any such accrued interest with respect to the TruPs that are repurchased prior to the May Termination Date.

The Company paid approximately $0.3 million to the holder for this option and the Company had until the May Termination Date to execute the repurchase.  If the Company repurchased any of the TruPs, then the $0.3 million paid would be applied to any repurchases.

In February 2023, the Company entered into amendments to the repurchase agreements described above that would give the Company an additional discount on the total repurchase price if the Company effected a 100% repurchase on or before March 15, 2023.  On March 2, 2023, the Company gave notice to the holders of its intent to exercise its options to repurchase 100% of the principal.  On March 22, 2023, the Company completed the repurchases.  See Note 11, "Debt," for further discussion.

The August Option,  September 20 Option and September 26 Options (collectively "the TruPs Options") are derivative contracts. The Company's accounting policies do not apply hedge accounting treatment to derivative instruments.  The TruPs options are recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022 at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations.  See Note 21, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," for further discussion.

At  December 31, 2022, the fair value of the TruPs Options contracts was $19.0 million, which is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized a loss on change in fair value of the TruPs Options contracts of $1.4 million, which is included in gain on change in fair value of derivative asset option contracts in the unaudited consolidated statement of operations and as an adjustment to calculate cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities in the unaudited consolidated statement of cash flows.  Cash payments of $56.5 million were made to repurchase the TruPs during the three months ended March 31, 2023 with respect to the TruPs Options contracts.

Subordinated debt mentioned above consists of the following trust preferred debt instruments at March 31, 2023:

Subordinated debt mentioned above consists of the following trust preferred debt instruments at December 31, 2022:

Subsequent to the acquisition of CSuite on November 1, 2022, CSuite became a wholly owned subsidiary of Ravix LLC.  As a result of the acquisition of CSuite, on November 16, 2022, the 2021 Ravix Loan was amended to (1) include CSuite as a borrower; (2) borrow an additional principal amount of $6.0 million in the form of a supplemental term loan (the "2022 Ravix Loan"); and (3) amend the maturity date and interest rate of the $1.0 million revolver (the "2022 Revolver").  The 2022 Ravix Loan requires monthly payments of principal and interest.  The 2022 Ravix Loan matures on November 16, 2028 and has an annual interest rate equal to the Prime Rate plus 0.75%.  At  March 31, 2023, the interest rate was 8.50%. The 2022 Revolver matures on November 16, 2024 and has an annual interest rate equal to the Prime Rate plus 0.50%. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of the 2022 Revolver was zero.

The Company also recorded as a discount to the carrying value of the 2022 Ravix Loan issuance costs of $0.1 million specifically related to the 2022 Ravix Loan.  The 2022 Ravix Loan is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the monthly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.

The 2022 Ravix Loan and the 2021 Ravix Loan were not deemed to be substantially different; therefore, the 2022 Ravix Loan is accounted for as a modification of the 2021 Ravix Loan and a new effective interest rate was determined based on the carrying amount of the 2021 Ravix Loan.  The issuance costs related to the 2022 Ravix Loan, along with the existing unamortized issuance costs from the 2021 Ravix Loan, are being amortized over the remaining term of the 2022 Ravix Loan using the effective interest rate.

The fair values of the 2021 Ravix Loan and the 2022 Ravix Loan disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of B and BB minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The 2021 Ravix Loan and the 2022 Ravix Loan are secured by certain of the equity interests and assets of Ravix and CSuite.

The 2021 Ravix Loan and the 2022 Ravix Loan contains a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a leverage ratio and a fixed charge ratio, all of which are as defined in and calculated pursuant to the 2021 Ravix Loan and 2022 Ravix Loan that, among other things, restrict Ravix and CSuite’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make dividends and distributions, engage in mergers, acquisitions and consolidations, make certain payments and investments and dispose of certain assets.

SNS

As part of the asset acquisition of SNS on November 18, 2022, the Company formed Secure Nursing Service LLC, who became a wholly owned subsidiary of Pegasus Acquirer Holdings LLC ("Pegasus LLC"), and together they borrowed from a bank a principal amount of $6.5 million in the form of a term loan, and established a $1.0 million revolver to finance the acquisition of SNS (together, the "SNS Loan").  The SNS Loan has an annual interest rate equal to the greater of the Prime Rate plus 0.5%, or 5.00%.  At March 31, 2023, the interest rate was 8.50%. Monthly principal payments on the term loan begin on November 15, 2023.  The revolver matures on November 18, 2023 and the term loan matures on November 18, 2028.  During 2022, SNS borrowed under the revolver.  The carrying values at both  March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for the SNS Loan includes $6.4 million related to the term loan and $0.4 million related to the revolver.

The Company also recorded as a discount to the carrying value of the SNS Loan issuance costs of $0.1 million specifically related to the SNS Loan.  The SNS Loan is carried in the consolidated balance sheet at its amortized cost, which reflects the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.  The fair value of the SNS Loan disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of B and BB minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The SNS Loan is secured by certain of the equity interests and assets of SNS.

The SNS Loan contains a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a leverage ratio and a fixed charge ratio and limits on annual capital expenditures, all of which are as defined in and calculated pursuant to the SNS Loan that, among other things, restrict SNS’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make dividends and distributions, engage in mergers, acquisitions and consolidations, make certain payments and investments and dispose of certain assets.

KWH

In 2019, the Company formed Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC ("KWH"), whose subsidiaries include IWS Acquisition Corporation ("IWS"), Geminus Holdings Company, Inc. ("Geminus") and Trinity Warranty Solutions LLC ("Trinity"). As part of the acquisition of PWI on December 1, 2020, PWI became a wholly owned subsidiary of KWH, which borrowed a principal amount of $25.7 million from a bank, consisting of a $24.7 million term loan and a $1.0 million revolving credit facility (the "2020 KWH Loan"). The proceeds from the 2020 KWH Loan were used to partially fund the acquisition of PWI and to fully repay the prior outstanding loan at KWH, which occurred on December 1, 2020.

The 2020 KWH Loan had an annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, having a floor of 0.75%, plus 2.75%.  During the second quarter of 2022, the 2020 KWH Loan was amended to change the annual interest rate to be equal to SOFR, having a floor of 0.75%, plus spreads ranging from 2.62% to 3.12%.  At March 31, 2023, the interest rate was 7.49%. The 2020 KWH Loan matures on December 1, 2025.  The carrying values at  March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 includes $13.0 million and $16.0 million, respectively, related to the term loan and $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, related to revolver.

The Company also recorded as a discount to the carrying value of the 2020 KWH Loan issuance costs of $0.4 million specifically related to the 2020 KWH Loan. The 2020 KWH Loan is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the quarterly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.  The fair value of the 2020 KWH Loan disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted market prices of BB and BB minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The 2020 KWH Loan is secured by certain of the equity interests and assets of KWH and its subsidiaries.

The 2020 KWH Loan contains a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a leverage ratio, a fixed charge ratio and limits on annual capital expenditures, all of which are as defined in and calculated pursuant to the 2020 KWH Loan that, among other things, restrict KWH’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make dividends and distributions, engage in mergers, acquisitions and consolidations, make certain payments and investments and dispose of certain assets.

On February 28, 2023, KWH entered into a second amendment to the 2020 KWH Loan (the “KWH DDTL”) that provides for an additional delayed draw term loan in the principal amount of up to $10.0 million, with a maturity date of December 1, 2025. All or any portion of the KWH DDTL, subject to a $2.0 million minimum draw amount, may be requested at any time through February 27, 2024. The proceeds are evidenced by an intercompany loan and guarantee between KAI and KWH. The principal amount shall be repaid in quarterly installments in an amount equal to 3.75% of the original amount of the drawn DDTL. Proceeds from certain assets dispositions, as defined, may be required to be used to repay outstanding draws under the DDTL. The KWH DDTL also increases the senior cash flow leverage ratio maximum permissible for certain periods.

(b)          Subordinated debt:

Between December 4, 2002 and December 16, 2003, six subsidiary trusts of the Company issued $90.5 million of 30-year capital securities to third-parties in separate private transactions. In each instance, a corresponding floating rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debenture was then issued by KAI to the trust in exchange for the proceeds from the private sale. The floating rate debentures bear interest at the rate of LIBOR, plus spreads ranging from 3.85% to 4.20%. The Company has the right to call each of these securities at par value any time after five years from their issuance until their maturity.

The subordinated debt, or TruPs, is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. See Note 21, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," for further discussion of the subordinated debt. The portion of the change in fair value of subordinated debt related to the instrument-specific credit risk is recognized in other comprehensive loss. 

In February 2023, the Company entered into amendments to the trust preferred option repurchase agreements described in Note 10, "Derivatives," that would give the Company an additional discount on the total repurchase price of the TruPs if the Company effected a 100% repurchase on or before March 15, 2023.  On March 2, 2023, the Company gave notice to the holders of five of its TruPs that it intended to exercise its options to repurchase 100% of the principal no later than March 15, 2023.  On March 22, 2023, the Company completed the repurchases of the five TruPs using available funds from working capital to fund the repurchases. The total amount paid for the five TruPs was $56.5 million, which included a credit for the $2.3 million that the Company previously paid at the time of entering into the trust preferred option repurchase agreements.  As a result, the Company has repurchased $75.5 million of TruPs principal and $23.0 million of deferred interest payable.  The Company recognized a gain of $31.6 million, which is included in gain on extinguishment of debt in the unaudited consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended  March 31, 2023.  At March 31, 2023, the Company has $15.0 million of principal outstanding related to remaining trust preferred debt instrument.

Of the $0.1 million increase in fair value of the Company’s subordinated debt between December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, $0.4 million is reported as increase in fair value of debt attributable to instrument-specific credit risk in the Company's unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and $0.3 million is reported as gain on change in fair value of debt in the Company’s unaudited consolidated statement of operations.

The unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 also includes a reclassification adjustment of $27.2 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to gain on extinguishment of debt related to the instrument-specific credit risk related to the repurchased TruPs.

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company gave notice to its Trust Preferred trustees of its intention to exercise its voluntary right to defer interest payments for up to 20 quarters, pursuant to the contractual terms of its outstanding Trust Preferred indentures, which permit interest deferral. This action does not constitute a default under the Company's Trust Preferred indentures or any of its other debt indentures. In order to execute the TruPs repurchases described above, on March 13, 2023, the Company paid $5.0 million to the remaining Trust Preferred trustee to be used by the trustee to pay the interest which the Company had been deferring since the third quarter of 2018.  At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, deferred interest payable of zero and $25.5 million, respectively, is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.  

The agreement governing the remaining subordinated debt contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, make dividends and distributions, and make certain payments in respect of the Company’s outstanding securities.

NOTE 12 LEASES

The Company has operating leases for office space that include fixed base rent payments, as well as variable rent payments to reimburse the landlord for operating expenses and taxes. The Company’s variable lease payments do not depend on a published index or rate, and therefore, are expensed as incurred. The Company includes only fixed payments for lease components in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. There are no residual value guarantees.

Operating lease costs and variable lease costs included in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively. Operating lease costs and variable lease costs included in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $0.2 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively.  Short-term lease costs included in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and  March 31, 2022 were less than $0.1 million and zero, respectively.

The annual maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

The weighted-average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 3.96 years as of March 31, 2023. The weighted average discount rate of our operating leases was 5.87% as of March 31, 2023. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

NOTE 13 REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Revenue from contracts with customers relates to the Extended Warranty and Kingsway Search Xcelerator segments and includes: vehicle service agreement fees, guaranteed asset protection products ("GAP") commissions, maintenance support service fees, warranty product commissions, homebuilder warranty service fees, homebuilder warranty commissions and business services consulting revenue.  Revenue is based on terms of various agreements with credit unions, consumers, businesses and homebuilders. Customers either pay in full at the inception of a warranty contract, commission product sale, or when consulting services are billed, or on terms subject to the Company’s customary credit reviews.

The following table disaggregates revenues from contracts with customers by revenue type:

Vehicle service agreement fees include the fees collected to cover the costs of future automobile mechanical breakdown claims and the associated administration of those claims. Vehicle service agreement fees are earned over the duration of the vehicle service agreement contracts as the single performance obligation is satisfied. Vehicle service agreement fees are initially recorded as deferred service fees with revenues recognized over the term of the contract based on the proportion of expected claims to total overall claims to be incurred over the life of the contract.  The Company believes this reasonably represents the transfer of services to the vehicle service contract holder over the warranty term. The Company compares the remaining deferred service fees balance to the estimated amount of expected future claims under the vehicle service agreement contracts and records an additional accrual if the deferred service fees balance is less than expected future claims costs.

In certain jurisdictions the Company is required to refund to a customer a pro-rata share of the vehicle service agreement fees if a customer cancels the agreement prior to the end of the term. Depending on the jurisdiction, the Company may be entitled to deduct from the refund a cancellation fee and/or amounts for claims incurred prior to cancellation. While refunds vary depending on the term and type of product offered, historically refunds have averaged 9% to 13% of the original amount of the vehicle service agreement fee. Revenues recorded by the Company are net of variable consideration related to refunds and the associated refund liability is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Company estimates refunds based on the actual historical refund rates by warranty type taking into consideration current observable refund trends in estimating the expected amount of future customer refunds to be paid at each reporting period.

Maintenance support service fees include the service fees collected to administer equipment breakdown and maintenance support services and are earned as services are rendered.

Warranty product commissions include the commissions from the sale of warranty contracts for certain new and used heating, ventilation, air conditioning ("HVAC"), standby generator, commercial LED lighting and commercial refrigeration equipment. The Company acts as an agent on behalf of the third-party insurance companies that underwrite and guaranty these warranty contracts. The Company does not guaranty the performance underlying the warranty contracts it sells. Warranty product commissions are earned at the time of the warranty product sales.

Homebuilder warranty service fees in 2022 include fees collected from the sale of warranties issued by new homebuilders. The Company received a single warranty service fee as its transaction price at the time it entered into a written contract with each of its builder customers. Each contract contained two separate performance obligations - warranty administrative services and other warranty services. Warranty administrative services include enrolling each home sold by the builder into the program and the warranty administrative system and delivering the warranty product. Other warranty services include answering builder or homeowner questions regarding the home warranty and dispute resolution services.

Homebuilder warranty commissions in 2022 include commissions from the sale of warranty contracts for those builders who have requested and receive insurance backing of their warranty obligations. The Company acted as an agent on behalf of the third-party insurance company that underwrites and guaranties these warranty contracts. Homebuilder warranty commissions were earned on the certification date, which is typically the date of the closing of the sale of the home to the buyer. The Company also earned fees to manage remediation or repair services related to claims on insurance-backed warranty obligations, which were earned when the claims are closed.

Kingsway Search Xcelerator consulting revenue includes the revenue from providing outsourced finance and human resources consulting services, as well as healthcare professional staffing services. The Company invoices for services revenue based on contracted rates.  Revenue is earned as services are provided.

The Company's revenue recognition policies are further described in Note 2(p), "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue recognition," to the consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Annual Report.

During the first quarter of 2022, IWS recorded a net charge of $0.9 million relating to a change in estimate in accounting for deferred revenue and deferred contract costs associated with vehicle service agreement fees, resulting in an increase to deferred service fees of $1.1 million and an increase in deferred contract costs of $0.2 million.

Service fee receivables

Receivables from contracts with customers are reported as service fee receivable, net in the consolidated balance sheets and at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $10.6 million and $10.3 million, respectively.  The increase in receivables from contracts with customers is primarily due to the timing difference between the Company's satisfaction of performance obligations and customer payments.

Service fee receivable is reported net of an estimated allowance for credit losses. During the three months ended  March 31, 2023, the Company recorded an increase to its allowance for credit losses of less than $0.1 million. Service fee receivables that are deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for credit losses when identified.  There was no material write-off of service fee receivable that was deemed to be uncollectible during the three months ended  March 31, 2023.

Deferred service fees

The Company records deferred service fees resulting from contracts with customers when payment is received in advance of satisfying the performance obligations. Changes in deferred service fees for the three months ended  March 31, 2023 were as follows:

The decrease in deferred service fees between December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023 is primarily due to deferred service fees recognized in excess of additions to deferred service fees during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company expects to recognize within one year as service fee and commission revenue approximately 51.7% of the deferred service fees as of March 31, 2023. Approximately $12.5 million and $13.0 million of service fee and commission revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 was included in deferred service fees as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Deferred contract costs

Deferred contract costs represent the deferral of incremental costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer.  Incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer primarily include sales commissions.  The Company capitalizes costs incurred to fulfill a contract if the costs are identifiable, generate or enhance resources used to satisfy future performance obligations and are expected to be recovered.  Costs to fulfill a contract include labor costs for set-up activities directly related to the acquisition of vehicle service agreements.  Contract costs are deferred and amortized over the expected customer relationship period consistent with the pattern in which the related revenues are earned. Amortization of incremental costs to obtain a contract and costs to fulfill a contract with a customer are recorded in commissions and general and administrative expenses, respectively, in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations.  No impairment charges related to deferred contract costs were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

The deferred contract costs balances and related amortization expense for the three months ended  March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 are comprised as follows:

NOTE 14 INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense (benefit) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 varies from the amount that would result by applying the applicable U.S. federal corporate income tax rate of 21% to income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit). The following table summarizes the differences:

The Company maintains a valuation allowance for its gross deferred tax assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company's operations have generated substantial operating losses in prior years. These losses can be available to reduce income taxes that might otherwise be incurred on future taxable income; however, it is uncertain whether the Company will generate the taxable income necessary to utilize these losses or other reversing temporary differences. This uncertainty has caused management to place a full valuation allowance on its March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 net deferred tax asset, excluding the deferred income tax asset and liability amounts set forth in the paragraph below.  For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the Company released into income zero and $0.5 million, respectively, of its valuation allowance associated with business interest expense carryforwards with an indefinite life.

The Company carries net deferred income tax liabilities of $4.3 million and $4.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, that consists of:

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company carried a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of zero. The Company classifies interest and penalty accruals, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.  The Company recorded income tax expense of zero and less than $0.1 million related to interest and penalty accruals for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.