Investor2014
12 hours ago
The Donepezil vs. A2-73 and their concomitant administration is entertaining, so based on the paper I read back when here is the ChatGPT answer that PW may not favour.
Note that below is based on just the one paper mentioned. It does not take into account the original claim Anavex made regarding AnavexPlus, quoted again here:
Anavex Life Sciences Corp. (www.anavex.com) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company engaged in the development of novel drug candidates to treat Alzheimer’s disease, other CNS diseases and various types of cancer. ANAVEX 2-73, an orally available drug candidate developed to treat Alzheimer’s disease through potential disease modification, has undergone an initial Phase 1 human clinical trial and was well tolerated in doses up to 55mg. Results from preclinical studies indicate that ANAVEX 2-73 demonstrates anti-amnesic and neuroprotective properties. A highly encouraging synergistic effect has also been observed between ANAVEX 2-73 and donepezil (Aricept®). The combined therapeutic, called ANAVEX PLUS, produced up to 80% greater reversal of memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease models versus when the drugs were used individually. Anavex is a publicly traded corporation quoted as AVXL.
This was likely complete BS based on the preclinical lab mouse research. Mice are not men or women! and don't let anyone here tell you otherwise.
Based on the 2017 paper titled “Sigma-1 Receptor Agonists Induce Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria and Enhance Complex I Activity in Physiological Condition but Protect Against Pathological Oxidative Stress” by Goguadze et al., we can extract and compare the distinct effects of Anavex2-73 (blarcamesine) and donepezil as Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R) agonists in mitochondrial function, particularly in the context of Alzheimer’s disease models.
⚖️ Comparison of Anavex2-73 and Donepezil as S1R Agonists
Feature Anavex2-73 Donepezil
Primary pharmacological role Mixed muscarinic/S1R ligand Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with S1R affinity
S1R binding affinity 860 nM 14.6 nM
Effect on mitochondrial ROS (baseline) Did not increase ROS under physiological conditions Increased ROS (+12% at 3 µM) under physiological conditions
Effect on ROS under Aß1–42 toxicity Reduced Aß-induced ROS, though less effectively than PRE-084 Moderately reduced Aß-induced ROS
Effect on Complex I activity (baseline) Increased Complex I activity (statistically significant) Not specifically noted for Complex I increase
Protection of ETC in Aß1–42 conditions Partially reversed Aß1–42-induced decline in Complex IV activity and restored respiratory control ratio (RCR) Mild ROS reduction; no noted protection of Complex I/IV or RCR recovery
Effect on oxidative respiration (RCR) Prevented Aß-induced decrease in RCR No significant data reported for RCR impact
🧠 Key Takeaways
✅ Anavex2-73
Selectively enhances mitochondrial Complex I activity under physiological conditions via S1R activation.
In pathological (Aß-exposed) conditions, it:
Reduces ROS burden,
Preserves mitochondrial respiration (RCR),
Protects Complex IV function, and
Shows specific neuroprotective potential targeting mitochondrial dysfunction relevant to Alzheimer’s disease.
Unique advantage: Anavex2-73 shows S1R-driven mitochondrial restoration effects without elevating ROS under normal conditions — a potentially safer profile.
✅ Donepezil
Primarily an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, but also binds S1R with higher affinity than Anavex2-73.
In this study:
Increased ROS under normal conditions,
Moderately attenuated Aß1–42-induced ROS,
But did not significantly affect complex activity or restore respiration under Aß stress.
Limitation: Donepezil's S1R-related mitochondrial effects are less pronounced, and it lacks evidence for restoring ETC function under stress.
📌 Conclusion
Anavex2-73 acts more selectively and beneficially on mitochondrial complex I and IV activity, with protective effects in Aß-induced oxidative stress models — supporting its candidacy as a neuroprotective drug.
Donepezil, while an S1R ligand, shows less robust mitochondrial protective activity and increased physiological ROS, suggesting it may not share Anavex2-73’s therapeutic mitochondrial profile.
Would you like a visual side-by-side chart or a summary suitable for a slide presentation?
You said:
Is there any suggestion that concomitant administration of Donepezil with A2-73 reduces the effectiveness of A2-73 due to both molecules binding to S1R?
ChatGPT said:
Based on the paper "Sigma-1 Receptor Agonists Induce Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria and Enhance Complex I Activity in Physiological Condition but Protect Against Pathological Oxidative Stress" (Goguadze et al., 2017), there is no direct experimental evidence or statement suggesting that concomitant administration of donepezil with Anavex2-73 (blarcamesine) reduces the effectiveness of Anavex2-73 due to competition for Sigma-1 Receptor (s1R) binding.
However, here are a few relevant observations that might inform the hypothesis:
🔹 1. Binding Affinities and Competition Potential
Donepezil has a relatively high binding affinity for s1R: 14.6 nM
Anavex2-73 (AN2-73) has a lower affinity: 860 nM
This suggests that donepezil would preferentially occupy the receptor in a competitive scenario if both drugs are present at similar concentrations?
.
🔹 2. ROS and Efficacy in Pathological Conditions (Aß1–42 Model)
Donepezil moderately reduced Aß-induced ROS at concentrations of 1 and 3 µM.
Anavex2-73 showed no significant reduction in ROS under the same Aß stress conditions in isolated mitochondria, while other Anavex compounds (e.g., AN1-41) did?
.
This could mean Anavex2-73's beneficial effect may already be context-dependent, and potentially sensitive to receptor competition — though not proven.
🔹 3. No Reported Synergy or Antagonism in the Study
The study did not test co-administration of donepezil and Anavex2-73, so there is:
No observed synergistic or antagonistic interaction.
No confirmation of functional interference at the receptor level.
🔹 4. Theoretical Consideration: Potential for Interference
Since both drugs are s1R agonists with different affinities:
Co-administration could theoretically result in competitive binding.
Donepezil might occupy receptors that Anavex2-73 could otherwise activate, possibly blunting Anavex2-73’s effects if s1R activation is the key mechanism.
But this depends heavily on in vivo pharmacokinetics, dosing, and tissue penetration — not addressed in this study.
🧠 Summary
Aspect Donepezil Anavex2-73
s1R affinity High (14.6 nM) Moderate (860 nM)
ROS suppression under Aß1–42 Moderate Minimal
Evidence of interference ❌ None reported ❌ None reported
Potential receptor competition ⚠️ Possible ⚠️ Possible
🧪 Conclusion: There is no direct evidence that donepezil reduces the effectiveness of Anavex2-73, but competitive binding at s1R is plausible and merits in vivo pharmacodynamic studies.
Bourbon_on_my_cornflakes
13 hours ago
Reread it again Leo
He said he had 499 contracts PUT to him. that means he sold the puts and they were exercised. When exercised, you have to buy 100 shares each at the contract price. since it was worthwhile exercising the put, it is reasonable to assume the put price was $10 a share. 100 x $10 x 499 = $499,000, approximately half a million.
Not a huge amount if other peoples money, but pretty big addition for someone spending their own coin.
Bourbon_on_my_cornflakes
13 hours ago
LOL excitable, eh?
I want a pharma that will pay in shares, but not overpriced shares, and I want it to grow the Sigma1 platform well.
So Lilly, which is the only BP that seems to be able to grow its business internally is a bad choice? 🙄
any Anavex long that has stuck it out will be better off than getting a much smaller slice of Lilly.
Again, SLOWLY. The price is the price, whether paid in shares of Pfizer or Lilly. The only difference is cash, which brings an immediate tax liability.
With Pfizer, you settle for what is essentially a bond return after the transaction. With Lilly, the record indicates a growth stock with major internal product development potential. Like I said, the first choice is for risk-adverse bureaucrats. The second is for growth capitalists.