Quarterly Report (10-q)

(In thousands)

Fair Value

Balance sheet caption

Interest rate swap designated as cash flow hedge

Other accrued liabilities

Interest rate swap designated as cash flow hedge

Other non-current liabilities

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

þ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 27, 2019

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36341

Vectrus, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Indiana		38-3924636
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2424 Garden of the Gods Road, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80919
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(719) 591-3600

Securities Registered Under Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share	VEC	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer þ	Non-accelerated filer ¨
Smaller reporting company ¨	Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨

No þ

As of November 1, 2019, there were 11,509,088 shares of common stock ($0.01 par value per share) outstanding.

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VECTRUS, INC.

INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

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		Page No.
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes to Shareholders' Equity	5
	Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	7
	Note 2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements	8
	Note 3. Revenue	8
	Note 4. Acquisitions	11
	Note 5. Income Taxes	13
	Note 6. Earnings Per Share	14
	Note 7. Receivables	14
	Note 8. Debt	15
	Note 9. Derivative Instruments	16
	Note 10. Leases	17
	Note 11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets	18
	Note 12. Stock-based Compensation	18
	Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies	19
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	28
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	29
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	29
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	29
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	29
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	29
Item 5.	Other Information	29
Item 6.	Exhibits	30
	Signatures	30

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 27,			September 28,			September 27,			September 28,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue	$	359,854		$	308,095		$	1,017,371		$	949,744
Cost of revenue	325,537			278,964			921,685			865,078
Selling, general and administrative expenses	19,934			15,125			59,697			48,990
Operating income	14,383			14,006			35,989			35,676
Interest expense, net	(1,907		)	(1,314		)	(4,811		)	(3,619		)
Income from operations before income taxes	12,476			12,692			31,178			32,057
Income tax expense	3,094			2,826			7,088			6,884
Net income	$	9,382		$	9,866		$	24,090		$	25,173

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.82		$	0.88		$	2.11		$	2.25
Diluted	$	0.80		$	0.86		$	2.08		$	2.21
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	11,506			11,248			11,420			11,210
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	11,678			11,406			11,566			11,380

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 27,			September 28,			September 27,			September 28,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income	$	9,382		$	9,866		$	24,090		$	25,173
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Changes in derivative instruments:
Net change in fair value of interest rate swap	(194		)	296			(1,570		)	1,177
Net change in fair value of foreign currency forward contracts	(207		)	(34		)	(123		)	(196		)
Net (loss) gain reclassified to interest expense	(8		)	—			43			—
Tax benefit (expense)	88			(64		)	357			(254		)
Net change in derivative instruments	(321		)	198			(1,293		)	727
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(1,526		)	(43		)	(1,801		)	(943		)
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-02 reclassification of certain tax effects to retained earnings	—			—			(259		)	—
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(1,847		)	155			(3,353		)	(216		)
Total comprehensive income	$	7,535		$	10,021		$	20,737		$	24,957

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)



	September 27,			December 31,
(In thousands, except share information)	2019			2018
Assets
Current assets
Cash	$	41,050		$	66,145
Receivables	254,796			232,119
Other current assets	22,588			15,063
Total current assets	318,434			313,327
Property, plant, and equipment, net	18,159			13,419
Goodwill	260,872			233,619
Intangible assets, net	15,934			8,630
Right-of-use assets	18,233			—
Other non-current assets	3,803			3,248
Total non-current assets	317,001			258,916
Total Assets	$	635,435		$	572,243
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	144,828		$	156,393
Compensation and other employee benefits	60,897			41,790
Short-term debt	5,500			4,500
Other accrued liabilities	39,524			22,303
Total current liabilities	250,749			224,986
Long-term debt, net	66,438			69,137
Deferred tax liability	50,560			55,358
Other non-current liabilities	19,353			1,462
Total non-current liabilities	136,351			125,957
Total liabilities	387,100			350,943
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock; $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; No shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock; $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 11,506,228 and 11,266,906 shares issued and outstanding as of September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	115			113
Additional paid in capital	77,766			71,729
Retained earnings	176,965			152,616
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(6,511		)	(3,158		)
Total shareholders' equity	248,335			221,300
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	635,435		$	572,243

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)



	Nine Months Ended
	September 27,			September 28,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Operating activities
Net income	$	24,090		$	25,173
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense	2,395			1,078
Amortization of intangible assets	2,103			1,468
Loss on disposal of property, plant, and equipment	2			315
Stock-based compensation	5,952			3,410
Amortization of debt issuance costs	301			318
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(7,521		)	(15,179		)
Other assets	(5,820		)	(5,669		)
Accounts payable	(14,458		)	(5,259		)
Deferred taxes	(4,240		)	(2,101		)
Compensation and other employee benefits	17,863			5,002
Other liabilities	7,781			98
Net cash provided by operating activities	28,448			8,654
Investing activities
Purchases of capital assets and intangibles	(14,440		)	(6,115		)
Proceeds from the disposition of assets	5,400			33
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	(43,963		)	(36,855		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(53,003		)	(42,937		)
Financing activities
Repayments of long-term debt	(2,000		)	(3,000		)
Proceeds from revolver	226,000			138,000
Repayments of revolver	(226,000		)	(138,000		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	3,467			1,388
Payments of employee withholding taxes on share-based compensation	(768		)	(803		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	699			(2,415		)
Exchange rate effect on cash	(1,239		)	(1,171		)
Net change in cash	(25,095		)	(37,869		)
Cash-beginning of year	66,145			77,453
Cash-end of period	$	41,050		$	39,584

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	4,363		$	3,241
Income taxes paid	$	5,076		$	11,222
Non-cash investing activities:
Purchase of capital assets on account	$	394		$	1,374

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VECTRUS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES TO SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY



	Common Stock Issued			Additional Paid-in Capital						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholders' Equity
(In thousands)	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	11,121	$	111	$	67,526		$	117,415		$	(1,680	)	$	183,372
Net income							6,111						6,111
Cumulative effects of adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606 revenue recognition guidance							(77		)				(77		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments										487			487
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge										403			403
Employee stock awards and stock options	101	1		522									523
Stock-based compensation				867									867
Balance at March 30, 2018	11,222	$	112	$	68,915		$	123,449		$	(790	)	$	191,686
Net income							9,195						9,195
Foreign currency translation adjustments										(1,388		)	(1,388		)
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge										127			127
Employee stock awards and stock options	26			32									32
Stock-based compensation				908									908
Balance at June 28, 2018	11,248	$	112	$	69,855		$	132,644		$	(2,051	)	$	200,560
Net income							9,866						9,866
Foreign currency translation adjustments										(43		)	(43		)
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge										198			198
Employee stock awards and stock options	1	1		30									31
Stock-based compensation				874									874
Balance at September 28, 2018	11,249	$	113	$	70,759		$	142,510		$	(1,896	)	$	211,486

Balance at December 31, 2018	11,267	$	113	$	71,729		$	152,616		$	(3,158	)	$	221,300
Net income							7,091						7,091
Cumulative effects of adoption of ASU 2018-02 reclassification of certain tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive loss							259			(259		)	—
Foreign currency translation adjustments										(823		)	(823		)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge										(360		)	(360		)
Employee stock awards and stock options	85	1		(82		)							(81		)
Stock-based compensation				1,117									1,117
Balance at March 29, 2019	11,352	$	114	$	72,764		$	159,966		$	(4,600	)	$	228,244

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Net income						7,617					7,617
Foreign currency translation adjustments								547			547
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge								(611		)	(611		)
Employee stock awards and stock options	154	1		2,779							2,780
Stock-based compensation				1,099							1,099
Balance at June 27, 2019	11,506	$	115	$	76,642	$	167,583	$	(4,664	)	$	239,676
Net income						9,382					9,382
Foreign currency translation adjustments								(1,526		)	(1,526		)
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge								(321		)	(321		)
Employee stock awards and stock options	—	—		—							—
Stock-based compensation				1,124							1,124
Balance at September 27, 2019	11,506	$	115	$	77,766	$	176,965	$	(6,511	)	$	248,335

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Our Business

Vectrus, Inc. is a leading provider of services to the United States (U.S.) government worldwide. The Company operates as one segment and offers facility and logistics services and information technology and network communications services.

Vectrus was incorporated in the State of Indiana on February 4, 2014. On September 27, 2014, Exelis Inc. (Exelis) completed a spin-off (the Spin-off) of Vectrus, and Vectrus became an independent, publicly traded company. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in these notes to "Vectrus", "we," "us," "our," "the Company" and "our Company" refer to Vectrus, Inc. References in these notes to Exelis or "Former Parent" refer to Exelis Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (other than Vectrus).

Basis of Presentation

Our quarterly financial periods end on the Friday closest to the last day of the calendar quarter (September 27, 2019 for the third quarter of 2019 and September 28, 2018 for the third quarter of 2018), except for the last quarter of the fiscal year, which ends on December 31. For ease of presentation, the quarterly financial statements included herein are described as three and nine months ended.

The unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Vectrus have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (GAAP) have been omitted. These unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

It is management’s opinion that these financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and operating results. Net sales and net earnings for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of future or annual results.

Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new lease accounting standard Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases (ASC Topic 842). Operating leases are included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities.

ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019 was applied to operating leases in effect as of that date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any prepaid lease payments and excludes lease incentives. Many of our leases include one or more options to renew or terminate the lease, solely at our discretion. Such options are factored into the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

As allowed under ASC Topic 842, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance which allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification, assessment of whether a contract was or contained a lease and assessment of initial direct costs. In addition, we have made policy elections to apply the short-term leases practical expedient, whereby leases with a term of 12 months or less are not capitalized and recorded on our balance sheet, and the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components. The latter expedient is applied to all of our leases. We did not elect to apply the hindsight practical expedient in determining lease terms and assessing impairment of ROU assets. See Note 2, "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" and Note 10, "Leases" for further information.

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Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the presentation of amounts in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 28, 2018 to conform to the current year presentation. Specifically, depreciation and amortization, which were combined and disclosed as one amount are now presented separately.

NOTE 2

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2018-15 to provide guidance on accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) hosted by the vendor - that is a service contract. Under the new guidance, a customer will apply the same criteria for capitalizing implementation costs of a CCA as it would for an on-premises internal-use software license. Presentation of such costs, however, will vary from those required for licensed internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective January 1, 2020 and can be adopted prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-13 was issued in June 2016 with the intent of providing financial statement users with more useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. Current treatment uses the incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses that delays the recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The accounting update adds a new impairment model, known as the current expected credit loss model, which is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity will recognize as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. The standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

For a discussion of other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB but are not yet effective, refer to the Accounting Standards Updates section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. These standards are not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.

Accounting Standards That Were Adopted

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act). The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-02 during the first quarter of 2019 and recorded a $0.3 million decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income and a corresponding increase to beginning retained earnings to reflect the changes in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate as a result of the Tax Act. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-02, the Company's policy to release income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income is consistent with the underlying book method.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, with amendments issued in 2018. The objective of ASU 2016-02 is to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The standard requires lessees to recognize most leases on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets but does not change the manner in which expenses are recorded in the income statement. We adopted the standard during the first quarter of 2019 using the cumulative-effect adjustment transition method, which applies the provisions of the standard at the effective date without adjusting comparative periods presented.

See Note 1, "Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 10,"Leases" for further information.

Other new accounting pronouncements issued but not yet effective until after September 27, 2019 are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

NOTE 3

REVENUE

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC Topic 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition method, consideration is given as to whether a single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. For most of our contracts, the customer contracts with us to perform an integrated set of tasks and deliverables as

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a single service solution, whereby each service is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. As a result, when this integrated set of tasks exists, the contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. The vast majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation. Unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery and indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts are considered to be separate contracts when the option or IDIQ task order is exercised or awarded.

Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct, and therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract.

The Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time as services are provided throughout the contract term. We recognize revenue over time using the input method (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Our over time recognition is reinforced by the fact that our customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of our services as the services are performed. This continuous transfer of control requires that the Company tracks progress towards completion of performance obligations in order to measure and recognize revenue. Determining progress on performance obligations requires the Company to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognition. Remaining performance obligations represent firm orders by the customer and exclude potential orders under IDIQ contracts, unexercised contract options and contracts awarded to us that are being protested by competitors with the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) or in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. The level of order activity related to programs can be affected by the timing of government funding authorizations and project evaluation cycles. Year-over-year comparisons could, at times, be impacted by these factors, among others.

The Company's contracts are multi-year contracts and typically include an initial period of one year or less with annual one-year (or less) option periods. The number of option periods varies by contract, and there is no guarantee that an option period will be exercised. The right to exercise an option period is at the sole discretion of the U.S. government when we are the prime contractor or of the prime contractor when we are a subcontractor. We expect to recognize a substantial portion of our performance obligations as revenue within the next 12 months. However, the U.S. government or the prime contractor may cancel any contract at any time through a termination for convenience or for cause. Most of our contracts have terms that would permit us to recover all or a portion of our incurred costs and fees for work performed in the event of a termination for convenience.

Remaining performance obligations increased by $101.3 million to $959 million as of September 27, 2019 as compared to $858 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company expects to recognize approximately 34% of the remaining performance obligations as revenue in 2019, and the remaining 66% during 2020. Remaining performance obligations as of September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented in the following table:



	September 27,		December 31,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Performance Obligations	$	959	$	858

Contract Estimates

Accounting for contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract.

Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the services being performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.

The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating income can be reflected in either revenue or cost of revenue. Cumulative adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019 were favorable by $0.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively. Cumulative adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2018 were unfavorable by $1.6 million and favorable by $4.9 million, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019, the net favorable adjustments to operating income increased revenue by $4.0 million and $4.2 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 28, 2018, the net unfavorable adjustments to operating income decreased revenue by $2.0 million. For the nine months ended September 28, 2018, the net favorable adjustments to operating income increased revenue by $4.7 million.

Revenue by Category

Generally, the sales price elements for the Company's contracts are cost-plus, cost-reimbursable or firm-fixed-price. The Company commonly has elements of cost-plus, cost-reimbursable and firm-fixed-price contracts in a single contract. On a cost-plus type contract, the Company is paid our allowable incurred costs plus a profit, which can be fixed or variable depending on the contract’s fee arrangement, up to funding levels predetermined by our customers. On cost-plus type

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contracts, we do not bear the risks of unexpected cost overruns, provided that we do not incur costs that exceed the predetermined funded amounts. Most of our cost-plus contracts also contain a firm-fixed-price element. Cost-plus type contracts with award and incentive fee provisions are our primary variable contract fee arrangement. Award fees provide for a fee based on actual performance relative to contractually specified performance criteria. Incentive fees provide for a fee based on the relationship between total allowable and target cost. On most of our contracts, a cost-reimbursable element captures consumable materials required for the program. Typically, these costs do not bear fees.

On a firm-fixed-price type contract, we agree to perform the contractual statement of work for a predetermined contract price. A firm-fixed-price type contract typically offers higher profit margin potential than a cost-plus type contract, which is commensurate with the greater levels of risk we assume on a firm-fixed-price type contract. Although a firm-fixed-price type contract generally permits us to retain profits if the total actual contract costs are less than the estimated contract costs, we bear the risk that increased or unexpected costs may reduce our profit or cause us to sustain losses on the contract. Although the overall scope of work required under the contract may not change, profit may be adjusted as experience is gained and as efficiencies are realized or costs are incurred.

The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by several categories. Revenue by contract type for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 27,		September 28,		September 27,		September 28,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost-plus and cost-reimbursable ¹	$	272,810	$	240,338	$	781,024	$	713,289
Firm-fixed-price	87,044		67,757		236,347		236,455
Total revenue	$	359,854	$	308,095	$	1,017,371	$	949,744

¹ Includes time and material contracts

Revenue by geographic region in which the contract is performed for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 27,		September 28,		September 27,		September 28,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Middle East	$	244,142	$	223,636	$	695,626	$	662,734
United States	77,228		54,379		219,534		203,015
Europe	38,484		30,080		102,211		83,995
Total revenue	$	359,854	$	308,095	$	1,017,371	$	949,744

Revenue by contract relationship for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 27,		September 28,		September 27,		September 28,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Prime contractor	$	334,383	$	290,090	$	954,172	$	892,206
Subcontractor	25,471		18,005		63,199		57,538
Total revenue	$	359,854	$	308,095	$	1,017,371	$	949,744

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Revenue by customer for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 27,		September 28,		September 27,		September 28,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Army	$	245,817	$	224,038	$	698,377	$	700,265
Air Force	86,557		64,278		227,081		189,954
Navy	13,344		8,567		45,249		26,912
Other	14,136		11,212		46,664		32,613
Total revenue	$	359,854	$	308,095	$	1,017,371	$	949,744

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed and unbilled accounts receivable (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly). Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we may receive advances or deposits from our customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These advance billings and payments are not considered significant financing components because they are frequently intended to ensure that both parties are in conformance with the primary contract terms. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

As of September 27, 2019, we had contract assets of $194.7 million. Refer to Note 7, "Receivables" for additional information regarding the composition of our receivables balances. As of September 27, 2019, our contract liabilities were $0.9 million.

NOTE 4

ACQUISITIONS

Advantor

On July 8, 2019, we acquired Advantor Systems Corporation and Advantor Systems, LLC (collectively, Advantor) from Infrasafe Holding, Inc. and Infrasafe, LLC (collectively, Infrasafe). Advantor is a leading provider of integrated electronic security systems to the U.S. government. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, we accounted for this transaction using the acquisition method. We conducted valuations of certain acquired assets and liabilities for inclusion in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the date of acquisition. Assets that normally would not be recorded in ordinary operations (i.e. intangibles related to contractual relationships) were recorded at their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.

The total net consideration paid for the acquisition was $44.0 million, consisting of the purchase price, net of cash acquired, and $0.3 million estimated working capital in excess of the working capital requirement agreed upon in the stock purchase agreement. The acquisition was funded by utilizing cash on hand and available capacity from our Amended Revolver (as defined in Note 8, “Debt”).

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A breakdown of the preliminary purchase price allocation, net of cash acquired, is as follows:



(In thousands)	Allocation of Purchase Price
Receivables	$	11,535
Other current assets	2,719
Property, plant and equipment	155
Goodwill	27,253
Intangible assets	8,300
Other non-current assets	1,868
Accounts payable	(4,223		)
Other current liabilities	(1,519		)
Accrued compensation	(907		)
Other non-current liabilities	(1,218		)
Purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	43,963

The Company is in the process of finalizing the details related to the amounts allocated to receivables, prepaid assets, property, plant and equipment and accounts payables. The amount paid relating to working capital was based on an estimate at the closing of the acquisition. Any differences between the estimate and the actual amount at closing will be finalized subsequent to September 27, 2019. Adjustments to the initial purchase accounting for the acquired net assets will be completed, as needed, up to one year from the acquisition date as we obtain additional information regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date.

The Company recognized two intangible assets related to customer contracts (backlog) and the Advantor trade name arising from the acquisition. The fair value of the customer contracts was $7.2 million, and the fair value of the Advantor trade name was $1.1 million with amortization periods of 5.0 years and 4.5 years, respectively. The weighted-average remaining useful life of these two intangible assets is 4.7 years. Accordingly, the Company recorded amortization expense of $0.4 million during the three months and nine months ended September 27, 2019. The amortization expense is included in cost of revenue in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Additionally, the Company recognized goodwill of $27.3 million arising from the acquisition, which relates primarily to acquired product and services strengthening our advance into a higher value, technology-enabled and differentiated platform, as well as extending our facilities and logistics services to include the electronic protection and security of facilities. Goodwill also includes other intangibles that do not qualify for separate recognition. The goodwill recognized for the Advantor acquisition is fully deductible for income tax purposes.

Through September 27, 2019, the Company recorded acquisition-related costs of $1.0 million. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and do not reflect any other one-time internal non-recurring integration costs.

Advantor's results of operations have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the period subsequent to acquisition on July 8, 2019. For the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019, Advantor contributed $10.2 million of revenue and an insignificant amount of income from operations before income taxes. For the three months and nine months ended September 28, 2018, the acquired business recognized revenue of $8.4 million and $24.1 million, respectively. Income from operations before income taxes for the acquired business was insignificant during the same prior year periods.

SENTEL

On January 23, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of SENTEL Corporation (SENTEL). In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, we accounted for this transaction using the acquisition method. We conducted valuations of certain acquired assets and liabilities for inclusion in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the date of acquisition. Assets that normally would not be recorded in ordinary operations (i.e., intangibles related to contractual relationships) were recorded at their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.

The total net consideration paid for the acquisition was $36.9 million, consisting of the purchase price of $36.0 million and $0.9 million in excess of the working capital requirement agreed upon in the stock purchase agreement entered into among our wholly-owned subsidiary Vectrus Systems Corporation (VSC), SENTEL, R&R Enterprises, Inc. and Russell T. Wright. The acquisition was funded by utilizing cash on hand and available capacity from our Amended Revolver (as defined in Note 8, "Debt").

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A breakdown of the purchase price allocation, net of cash acquired, is as follows:



(In thousands)	Allocation of Purchase Price
Receivables	$	23,339
Property, plant and equipment	810
Goodwill	16,689
Intangible assets	10,500
Other current assets	975
Accounts payable	(10,012		)
Other current liabilities	(5,446		)
Purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	36,855

With the acquisition of SENTEL, the Company recognized two intangible assets relating to customer contracts, backlog and contract re-competes. The fair value of the backlog was $6.5 million, and the fair value of the contract re-competes was $4.0 million with an amortization period of 4.0 years and 8.0 years, respectively.

Additionally, the Company recognized goodwill of $16.7 million arising from the acquisition, which relates primarily to growth opportunities resulting from a broader service offering in the converging physical and digital infrastructure market, enhancing our information technology, technical solutions and logistics capabilities, and expanding our client base to customers in the U.S. intelligence community. The goodwill recognized for the SENTEL acquisition is fully deductible for income tax purposes.

SENTEL’s operating results have been included in our reported results since the date of acquisition.

NOTE 5

INCOME TAXES

Effective Tax Rate

Our quarterly income tax expense is measured using an estimated annual effective income tax rate. The comparison of effective income tax rates between periods may be significantly affected by discrete items recognized during the periods, the level and mix of earnings by tax jurisdiction and permanent differences.

For the three months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, we recorded income tax provisions of $3.1 million and $2.8 million, respectively, representing effective income tax rates of 24.8% and 22.3%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, we recorded income tax provisions of $7.1 million and $6.9 million, respectively, representing effective income tax rates of 22.7% and 21.5%, respectively. The higher effective income tax rates for the 2019 periods are the result of an increase in state taxes due to additional continental United States (CONUS) activity, the impact of foreign taxes due to additional guidance on the implementation of the Tax Act and a reduction in employment tax credits. The effective income tax rates vary from the federal statutory rate of 21.0% due to state taxes, required tax income exclusions, nondeductible expenses and available deductions not reflected in book income.

Uncertain Tax Positions

As of September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2018, unrecognized tax benefits from uncertain tax positions were $6.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The increase in the uncertain tax positions was principally the result of the additional Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII) deduction.

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NOTE 6

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities such as stock options and restrictive stock units were exercised or converted into common stock. Diluted EPS includes the dilutive effect of stock-based compensation outstanding after application of the treasury stock method.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 27,		September 28,		September 27,		September 28,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net income	$	9,382	$	9,866	$	24,090	$	25,173

Weighted average common shares outstanding	11,506		11,248		11,420		11,210
Add: Dilutive impact of stock options	37		68		45		75
Add: Dilutive impact of restricted stock units	135		90		101		95
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	11,678		11,406		11,566		11,380

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.82	$	0.88	$	2.11	$	2.25
Diluted	$	0.80	$	0.86	$	2.08	$	2.21

The following table provides a summary of securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 27,	September 28,	September 27,	September 28,
(In thousands)	2019	2018	2019	2018
Anti-dilutive stock options	—	1	1	2
Anti-dilutive restricted stock units	—	—	3	—
Total	—	1	4	2

NOTE 7

RECEIVABLES

Receivables were comprised of the following:



	September 27,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018
Billed receivables	$	48,297	$	44,868
Unbilled receivables (contract assets)	194,729		181,009
Other	11,770		6,242
Total receivables	$	254,796	$	232,119

As of September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all billed receivables are due from the U.S. government, either directly as prime contractor to the U.S. government or as subcontractor to another prime contractor to the U.S. government. Because our billed receivables are with the U.S. government, we do not believe the Company has a material credit risk exposure.

Unbilled receivables are contract assets that represent revenue recognized on long-term contracts in excess of amounts billed as of the balance sheet date. We estimate that approximately $3.7 million of our unbilled receivables as of September 27, 2019 may not be collected within the next 12 months. These amounts relate to the timing of the U.S.

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government review of indirect rates and contract line item realignments with our customers. Changes in the balance of receivables are primarily due to the timing differences between our performance and customers' payments.

NOTE 8

DEBT

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

Term Loan and Revolver. In September 2014, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, VSC, entered into a credit agreement with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent. The credit agreement was subsequently amended in November 2017 by the Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the Amendment Agreement) with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. The Amendment Agreement provides for $200.0 million in senior secured financing, consisting of a $80.0 million five-year term loan facility (the Amended Term Loan) and a $120.0 million five-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the Amended Revolver, and together with the Amended Term Loan, the Amended Credit Facilities).

Additionally, the Amendment Agreement includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to request up to an additional $100.0 million subject to the lender's consent on the same terms and conditions as the existing Amended Term Loan. The Amendment Agreement also permits the Company to borrow up to $75.0 million in unsecured debt as long as the aggregated sum of both the unsecured debt and the accordion does not exceed $100.0 million.

The Amended Revolver is available for working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes. Up to $25.0 million of the Amended Revolver is available for the issuance of letters of credit. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Amended Revolver at September 27, 2019. As of September 27, 2019, there were seven letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $8.1 million, which reduced our borrowing availability to $111.9 million under the Amended Revolver. The Amended Revolver will mature and the commitments thereunder will terminate on November 15, 2022.

The aggregate scheduled maturities of the Amended Term Loan are as follows:



(In thousands)	Payments due
2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 27, 2019)	$	2,500
2020	6,500
2021	8,600
2022	55,400
Total	$	73,000

We may voluntarily prepay the Amended Term Loan in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty, subject to the payment of customary breakage costs under certain conditions. Amounts borrowed under the Amended Term Loan that are repaid or prepaid may not be re-borrowed.

The Amended Credit Facilities contain customary covenants, including covenants that, under certain circumstances are subject to certain qualifications and exceptions: limit or restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness; merge, dissolve, liquidate or consolidate; make acquisitions, investments, advances or loans; dispose of or transfer assets; pay dividends; redeem or repurchase certain debt; and enter into certain restrictive agreements.

In addition, we are required to comply with (a) a maximum ratio of total consolidated indebtedness to consolidated earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) of 3.00 to 1.00 (3.25 to 1.00 for the 12 months following a qualified acquisition), and (b) a minimum ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense (net of cash interest income) of 4.50 to 1.00. As of September 27, 2019, the Company had a ratio of total consolidated indebtedness to EBITDA of 1.04 to 1.00 and a ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense of 11.02 to 1.00 and was in compliance with all covenants related to the Amended Credit Facilities.

Interest Rates and Fees. Outstanding borrowings under the Amended Credit Facilities accrue interest, at our option, at a per annum rate of (i) LIBOR plus the applicable margin, which ranges from 1.75% to 2.50% depending on the leverage ratio, or (ii) a base rate plus the applicable margin, which ranges from 0.75% to 1.50% depending on the leverage ratio. The interest rate under the Amended Credit Facilities at September 27, 2019 was 4.12%.

Carrying Value and Fair Value. As of September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of the Amended Credit Facilities approximated the carrying value since the debt bears interest at a floating rate of interest. The fair value is based on observable inputs of interest rates that are currently available to us for debt with similar terms and maturities for non-public debt.

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NOTE 9

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

During the periods covered by this report, we have made no changes to our policies or strategies for the use of derivative instruments and there has been no change in our related accounting methods.

Interest Rate Derivative Instruments

Our interest rate swaps are designated and qualify as effective cash flow hedges. The contracts, with expiration dates through November 2022 and notional amounts totaling $54.9 million at September 27, 2019, are recorded at fair value.

The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments used for our interest rate hedges in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 27, 2019:

We regularly assess the creditworthiness of the counterparty. As of September 27, 2019, the counterparty to the interest rate swaps had performed in accordance with its contractual obligations. Both the counterparty credit risk and our credit risk were considered in the fair value determination.

Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments used for our forward contract hedges in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 27, 2019:

At September 27, 2019, we had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts, for the exchange of U.S. dollars and Euros, with a notional amount of $9.2 million and expiration dates through December 2020.

Counterparty default risk is considered low because the forward contracts that we entered into are over-the-counter instruments transacted with highly-rated financial institutions. We were not required to, and did not, post collateral as of September 27, 2019.

The current estimated value of net losses for the above derivative instruments anticipated to be transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings over the next 12 months is $0.7 million.

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NOTE 10

Leases

We determine whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. We have operating leases for office space, apartments, vehicles, and machinery and equipment. Our operating leases have lease terms of less than one year to ten years.

We do not separate lease components from non-lease components (e.g., common area maintenance, property taxes, and insurance) but account for both components in a contract as a single lease component.

The components of lease expense are as follows:



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 27, 2019		September 27, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	3,827	$	10,890
Variable lease expense	196		594
Short-term lease expense	12,436		35,055
Total lease expense	$	16,459	$	46,539

Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases is as follows:



(In thousands)	September 27, 2019
Right-of-use assets	$	18,233

Current lease liabilities (recorded in other accrued liabilities)	$	8,402
Long-term lease liabilities (recorded in other non-current liabilities)	10,683
Total operating lease liabilities	$	19,085

Initial ROU assets of $19.2 million were recognized as non-cash asset additions when the new lease accounting standard was adopted on January 1, 2019. Additional ROU assets from operating lease arrangements of $7.1 million were recognized as non-cash asset additions during the nine months ended September 27, 2019, and; ROU assets of $1.9 million were recognized with the Advantor acquisition.

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases at September 27, 2019 were 4.1 years and 5.9%, respectively.

Maturities of lease liabilities at September 27, 2019 were as follows:



(In thousands)
2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 27, 2019)	$	3,832
2020	6,445
2021	3,315
2022	2,589
2023	1,426
2024 and beyond	4,537
Total lease payments	22,144
Less: Imputed interest	3,059
Total	$	19,085

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NOTE 11

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As of September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying amount of goodwill was $260.9 million and $233.6 million, respectively. The increase during the first nine months of 2019 is due to the acquisition of Advantor.

Other identifiable intangible assets were as follows:



	September 27, 2019				December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizing intangible assets	$	19,900	$	4,102	$	10,500	$	1,999
Non-amortizing intangible assets	136		—		129		—
Balance	$	20,036	$	4,102	$	10,629	$	1,999

As of September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying amount of intangible assets was approximately $15.9 million and $8.6 million, respectively. The increase during the first nine months of 2019 was due to $8.3 million from the acquisition of Advantor and $1.1 million of amortizable intangible assets purchased during the first quarter of 2019. This increase was offset by intangible amortization expense of approximately $0.8 million and $2.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019, respectively. Intangible amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 28, 2018 was $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

During the third quarter ending September 27, 2019, the Company received $5.4 million from the seller of a contract acquired by the Company in the first quarter of 2019 due to the inability to have this contract novated to the Company. The Company eliminated the previously established intangible asset during the third quarter of 2019.

Amortizing intangible assets, which carry a remaining average life of approximately four years, are principally composed of customer contracts and related backlogs, re-competes and trade names.

NOTE 12

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

We maintain an equity incentive plan (the 2014 Omnibus Plan) to govern awards granted to Vectrus employees and directors, including nonqualified stock options (NQOs), restricted stock units (RSUs), total shareholder return (TSR) awards and other awards. We account for NQOs and stock-settled RSUs as equity-based compensation awards. TSR awards, described below, and cash-settled RSUs are accounted for as liability-based compensation awards.

Stock-based compensation expense and the associated tax benefits impacting our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 27, 2019		September 28, 2018		September 27, 2019		September 28, 2018
Compensation costs for equity-based awards	$	1,124	$	874	$	3,339	$	2,650
Compensation costs for liability-based awards	798		14		2,613		760
Total compensation costs, pre-tax	$	1,922	$	888	$	5,952	$	3,410
Future tax benefit	$	416	$	192	$	1,288	$	737

Liability-based awards are revalued at the end of each reporting period to reflect changes in fair value.

As of September 27, 2019, total unrecognized compensation costs related to equity-based awards and liability-based awards were $5.6 million and $3.9 million, respectively, which are expected to be recognized ratably over a weighted average period of 1.81 years and 1.97 years, respectively.

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The following table provides a summary of the activities for NQOs and RSUs for the nine months ended September 27, 2019:



	NQOs			RSUs
(In thousands, except per share data)	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	251	$	23.00	257	$	28.90
Granted	—	—		205	$	30.03
Exercised	152	$	22.89	—	—
Vested	—	—		126	$	27.66
Forfeited or expired	12	$	24.47	21	$	29.04
Outstanding at September 27, 2019	87	$	22.98	315	$	30.14

During the nine months ended September 27, 2019, we granted long term incentive awards to employees consisting of 180,409 RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value per share of $28.85 and to our directors consisting of 25,246 RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value per share of $38.42.

For employee RSUs, one-third of the award vests on each of the three anniversary dates following the grant date. Director RSUs are granted on the date of an annual meeting of shareholders and vest on the business day immediately prior to the next annual meeting. The fair value of each RSU grant was determined based on the closing price of Vectrus common stock on the date of grant. Stock compensation expense will be recognized ratably over the vesting period of the awards.

Total Shareholder Return Awards

TSR awards are performance-based cash awards that are subject to a three-year performance period. Any payments earned are made in cash following completion of the performance period according to the achievement of specified performance goals. During the nine months ended September 27, 2019, we granted TSR awards with an aggregate target TSR value of $2.5 million. The fair value of TSR awards is measured quarterly and is based on the Company’s performance relative to the performance of the Aerospace and Defense Companies in the S&P 1500 Index. Depending on the Company’s performance during the three-year performance period, payments can range from 0% to 200% of the target value.

NOTE 13

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

General

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings that are incidental to the operation of our business. Some of these proceedings seek remedies relating to employment matters, matters in connection with our contracts and matters arising under laws relating to the protection of the environment. Additionally, U.S. government customers periodically advise the Company of claims and penalties concerning certain potential disallowed costs. When such findings are presented, Vectrus and the U.S. government representatives engage in discussions to enable Vectrus to evaluate the merits of these claims as well as to assess the amounts being claimed. Where appropriate, provisions are made to reflect probable losses related to the matters raised by the U.S. government representatives. Such assessments, along with any assessments regarding provisions for legal proceedings, are reviewed on a quarterly basis for sufficiency based on the most recent information available to us. We have estimated and accrued $12.0 million and $7.8 million as of September 27, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, in "Other accrued liabilities" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for legal proceedings and for claims with respect to our government contracts as discussed below, including open years subject to audit. Although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter or claim cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including our assessment of the merits of the particular claim, we do not expect that any asserted or unasserted legal or contractual claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, including the lawsuit discussed below, will have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations or financial condition.

U.S. Government Contracts, Investigations and Claims

We have U.S. government contracts that are funded incrementally on a year-to-year basis. Changes in government policies, priorities or funding levels through agency or program budget reductions by the U.S. Congress or executive agencies could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Furthermore, our contracts with the U.S. government may be terminated or suspended by the U.S. government at any time, with or without cause. Such contract suspensions or terminations could result in unreimbursable expenses or charges or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

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Departments and agencies of the U.S. government have the authority to investigate various transactions and operations of the Company, and the results of such investigations may lead to administrative, civil or criminal proceedings, the ultimate outcome of which could be fines, penalties, repayments or compensatory or treble damages. U.S. government regulations provide that certain findings against a contractor may lead to suspension or debarment from future U.S. government contracts or the loss of export privileges for a company or an operating division or subdivision. Suspension or debarment could have a material adverse effect on the Company because of its reliance on U.S. government contracts.

U.S. government agencies, including the Defense Contract Audit Agency, the Defense Contract Management Agency and others, routinely audit and review our performance on government contracts, indirect rates and pricing practices, and compliance with applicable contracting and procurement laws, regulations and standards. Accordingly, costs billed or billable to U.S. government customers are subject to potential adjustment upon audit by such agencies. The U.S. government agencies also review the adequacy of our compliance with government standards for our business systems, including our accounting, earned value management, estimating, materials management and accounting, purchasing, and property management systems.

As a result of final indirect rate negotiations between the U.S. government and our Former Parent, we may be subject to potential adjustments to costs previously allocated by our Former Parent to our business, which was formerly Exelis’ Mission Systems Business, from 2007 through September 2014. Because we do not participate in indirect rate negotiations between the U.S. government and our Former Parent, we cannot reasonably predict the likelihood of such adjustments or the ultimate responsible party. We have recently been in discussions with our Former Parent regarding the negotiated adjustments for 2007-2014 and believe that our potential cumulative liability for these years is insignificant. In June 2019, the U.S. government provided us with the Contracting Officer's Final Decision (COFD) for the years 2007 - 2010 related to Former Parent costs. In August 2019, we filed an appeal of the COFD with the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA). In October 2019, the ASBCA granted Vectrus’ and the U.S. government’s joint request to stay proceedings in the appeal through December 30, 2019 to enable ongoing discussions regarding the matter between Vectrus and our Former Parent. We believe we are fully indemnified under our Distribution Agreement with our Former Parent and have notified our Former Parent of our appeal of the U.S. government's decision in this matter.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto and the information under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. This Quarterly Report provides additional information regarding the Company, our services, industry outlook and forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements. Refer to "Forward-Looking Information" for further information regarding forward-looking statements. Amounts presented in and throughout this Item 2 are rounded and, as such, any rounding differences could occur in period over period changes and percentages reported.

Overview

Vectrus is a leading provider of services to the U.S. government worldwide. We operate in one segment and offer facility and logistics services and information technology and network communications services.

Our primary customer is the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), with a high concentration in the U.S. Army. For the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, we had total revenue of $1,017.4 million and $949.7 million, respectively, essentially all of which was derived from U.S. government customers. For the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, we generated approximately 69% and 74%, respectively, of our total revenue from the U.S. Army.

Executive Summary

Our revenue increased by $51.8 million, or 16.8%, for the three months ended September 27, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 28, 2018. The increase in revenue was attributable to increases from our U.S. programs of $22.9 million, our Middle East programs of $20.5 million, and our European programs of $8.4 million. The acquisition of Advantor contributed $10.2 million to the increase from U.S. programs.

Operating income for the three months ended September 27, 2019, was $14.4 million, an increase of $0.4 million, or 2.7%, compared to the three months ended September 28, 2018. This increase was due to increased operating income of $2.1 million from our Middle East programs offset by decreases of $1.2 million from our European programs and $0.5 million from our U.S. programs.

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During the performance of our contracts, we periodically review estimated final contract prices and costs and make revisions as required, which are recorded as changes in revenue and cost of revenue in the periods in which they are determined. Additionally, the fees under certain contracts may be increased or decreased in accordance with cost or performance incentive provisions which measure actual performance against established targets or other criteria. Such incentive fee awards or penalties are included in revenue when there is sufficient information to reasonably assess anticipated contract performance. Amounts representing contract change orders, claims, requests for equitable adjustment, or limitations in funding on contracts are recorded only if it is probable the claim will result in additional contract revenue and the amounts can be reliably estimated. Changes in estimated revenue, cost of revenue and the related effect to operating income are recognized using cumulative adjustments, which recognize in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a contract's percentage of completion.

Further details related to our financial results for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019, compared to the three and nine months ended September 28, 2018, are contained in the "Discussion of Financial Results" section.

Recent Developments

On April 12, 2019, the U.S. Army Contracting Command-Rock Island (ACC-RI) awarded four IDIQ, Multiple Award Task Order Contracts (MATOC), for the Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP) V support services in support of the U.S. military worldwide. The services are to support the Geographical Combatant Commands (GCCs) and Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs) throughout the full range of military operations. Each basic IDIQ contract Ordering Period will be an initial five-year ordering period and options for five additional one-year ordering periods.

Vectrus is one of the four award recipients of the basic IDIQ contract and received the following task orders: PACOM Setting the Theater Task Order and associated Performance Task Order; and CENTCOM Setting the Theater Task Order and associated Performance Task Order. Each task order has its own period of performance. Four of the LOGCAP V offerors filed protests of the awards with the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and, after the GAO denied two of the protests, those four offerors filed protests at the U.S. Court of Federal Claims (the Court). At the Court’s request, the GAO issued advisory opinions that rejected the two remaining protests. The briefings and oral arguments before the Court are scheduled to be completed by mid-November, and the Court has committed to issuing decisions by early December 2019. We cannot predict the outcome of the protests.

Information regarding certain other significant contracts is discussed in "Significant Contracts" below.

Significant Contracts

The following table reflects contracts that accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018:



	% of Total Revenue
	Nine Months Ended
Contract Name	September 27, 2019	September 28, 2018
Kuwait Base Operations and Security Support Services (K-BOSSS)	36.2%	40.4%
Operations, Maintenance and Defense of Army Communications in Southwest Asia and Central Asia (OMDAC-SWACA)	15.8%	14.2%

Revenue associated with a contract will fluctuate based on increases or decreases in the work being performed on the contract, award fee payments, and other contract modifications within the term of the contract resulting in changes to the total contract value. See "Backlog" below.

The K-BOSSS contract currently is exercised through March 28, 2020, with an additional six-month option through September 28, 2020. K-BOSSS, our largest base operations support services contract, supports geographically-dispersed locations within the State of Kuwait, including several camps and a range training complex. K-BOSSS provides critical base operations support and security support services, including forms, publications, and reproduction services; U.S. Army postal operations; range operations and maintenance; logistics; information management; public works; environmental services; medical administrative support; morale, welfare and recreation; and security, fire and emergency services. The K-BOSSS contract was re-competed as a task order under the LOGCAP V contract vehicle, which was awarded April 12, 2019 (see "Recent Developments" above). The K-BOSSS contract contributed $368 million and $384 million of revenue for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, respectively.

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The OMDAC-SWACA contract is currently exercised through November 30, 2019, with a one-month option and a two-month option through February 28, 2020. The contract provides for enterprise network capabilities and services support of the U.S. Central Command. Work is based in Kuwait with additional locations throughout Southwest Asia. Technical support activities include the Southwest Asia Regional Cyber-Center (RCC-SWA) operations, regional network operations and security centers (RNOSCs), local area and wide area network administration, systems administration, service desk administration, computer repair (ADPE), email administration, the Defense Red Switch Network, satellite communications, microwave communications, tower and antenna maintenance, technical control facilities, high frequency and ultra-high frequency radios, telephone switches, telephone operations, inside and outside cable plants, prime power and backup power generators, HVAC systems, uninterruptible power supplies, logistics support services, and other contingency requirements for the warfighter. The OMDAC-SWACA contract contributed $161 million and $135 million of revenue for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, respectively.

Backlog

Total backlog includes remaining performance obligations, consisting of funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is contractually obligated by the customer) and unfunded backlog (firm orders for which funding is not currently contractually obligated by the customer, and unexercised contract options). Total backlog excludes potential orders under IDIQ contracts and contracts awarded to the Company that are being protested by competitors with the GAO or in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. The value of the backlog is based on anticipated revenue levels over the expected life of the contract. Actual values may be greater or less than anticipated. Total backlog is converted into revenue as work is performed. The level of order activity related to programs can be affected by the timing of government funding authorizations and their project evaluation cycles. Year-over-year comparisons could, at times, be impacted by these factors, among others.

Our contracts are multi-year contracts and typically include an initial period of one year or less with annual one-year (or less) option periods for the remaining contract period. The number of option periods vary by contract, and there is no guarantee that an option period will be exercised. The right to exercise an option period is at the sole discretion of the U.S. government when we are the prime contractor or of the prime contractor when we are a subcontractor. The U.S. government may also extend the term of a program by issuing extensions or bridge contracts, typically for periods of one year or less.

We expect to recognize a substantial portion of our funded backlog as revenue within the next 12 months. However, the U.S. government or the prime contractor may cancel any contract at any time through a termination for convenience. Most of our contracts have terms that would permit us to recover all or a portion of our incurred costs and fees for work performed in the event of a termination for convenience.

For the nine months ended September 27, 2019, total backlog increased by $33 million. As of September 27, 2019, total backlog (funded and unfunded) was $3.0 billion as set forth in the following table:



	September 27,		December 31,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Funded backlog	$	807	$	689
Unfunded backlog	2,238		2,323
Total backlog	$	3,045	$	3,012

Funded orders (different from funded backlog) represent orders for which funding was received during the period. We received funded orders of $1,011.6 million during the nine months ended September 27, 2019, which was an increase of $96.6 million compared to the nine months ended September 28, 2018.

Economic Opportunities, Challenges and Risks

The U.S. government’s investment in services and capabilities in response to changing security challenges creates a complex and fluid business environment for Vectrus and other firms in this market segment. The pace and depth of U.S. government acquisition reform and cost savings initiatives, combined with increased industry competitiveness to win long-term positions on key programs, could add pressure to revenue levels and profit margins going forward. However, we expect the U.S. government will continue to place a high priority on national security and will continue to invest in affordable solutions for its facilities, logistics, electronic security, equipment and communication needs, which aligns with our services and strengths. Further, the DoD budget remains the largest in the world and management believes our addressable portion of the DoD budget offers substantial opportunity for growth.

We believe spending on operation and maintenance of defense assets, as well as civilian agency infrastructure and equipment, will continue to be a U.S. government priority. Our focus is on sustaining facilities, equipment and IT networks, which we believe aligns with our customers' intent to utilize existing equipment and infrastructure rather than executing new purchases. Many of the core functions we perform are mission-essential, including the following: (i) keeping communications networks operational; (ii) maintaining airfields; (iii) providing integrated electronic security services and (iv) providing emergency services. While customers may reduce the level of services required from us, we do not currently anticipate the complete elimination of these services.

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The information provided above does not represent a complete list of trends and uncertainties that could impact our business in either the near or long-term and should be considered along with the risk factors identified under the caption “Risk Factors” identified in Part 1, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the matters identified under the caption “Forward-Looking Information" herein.

DISCUSSION OF FINANCIAL RESULTS

Three months ended September 27, 2019, compared to three months ended September 28, 2018

Selected financial highlights are presented in the following table:



	Three Months Ended						Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)	September 27, 2019			September 28, 2018			$			%
Revenue	$	359,854		$	308,095		$	51,759		16.8	%
Cost of revenue	325,537			278,964			46,573			16.7	%
% of revenue	90.5		%	90.5		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	19,934			15,125			4,809			31.8	%
% of revenue	5.5		%	4.9		%
Operating income	14,383			14,006			377			2.7	%
Operating margin	4.0		%	4.5		%
Interest expense, net	(1,907		)	(1,314		)	(593		)	45.1	%
Income before taxes	12,476			12,692			(216		)	(1.7	)%
% of revenue	3.5		%	4.1		%
Income tax expense	3,094			2,826			268			9.5	%
Effective income tax rate	24.8		%	22.3		%
Net Income	$	9,382		$	9,866		$	(484	)	(4.9	)%

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended September 27, 2019 was $359.9 million, an increase of $51.8 million, or 16.8%, as compared to the three months ended September 28, 2018. The increase in revenue was attributable to increases from our U.S. programs of $22.9 million, our Middle East programs of $20.5 million, and our European programs of $8.4 million. The acquisition of Advantor contributed $10.2 million to the increase from U.S. programs.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was 90.5% for both the three months ended September 27, 2019 and the three months ended September 28, 2018. The increase in cost of revenue of $46.6 million, or 16.7%, for the three months ended September 27, 2019, as compared to the three months ended September 28, 2018, was primarily due to increased revenue as described above.

Selling, General & Administrative (SG&A) Expenses

For the three months ended September 27, 2019, SG&A expenses of $19.9 million increased by $4.8 million, or 31.8%, as compared to the three months ended September 28, 2018. The increase was due primarily to increased M&A costs of $0.4 million, LOGCAP V pre-operational legal costs of $0.2 million, expenses related to internal investments in global operations of $1.5 million and Advantor SG&A expenses of $2.7 million.

Operating Income

Operating income for the three months ended September 27, 2019 increased by $0.4 million, or 2.7%, as compared to the three months ended September 28, 2018. This increase was due to increased operating income of $2.1 million from our Middle East programs offset by decreases of $1.2 million from our European programs and $0.5 million from our U.S. programs.

Operating income as a percentage of revenue was 4.0% for the three months ended September 27, 2019, compared to 4.5% for the three months ended September 28, 2018. In the three months ended September 28, 2018, we successfully closed an unresolved item on a closed contract that created a one-time $1.4 million benefit.

Aggregate cumulative adjustments increased operating income by $0.7 million for the three months ended September 27, 2019 and decreased operating income by $1.6 million for the three months ended September 28, 2018. The aggregate cumulative adjustments for the three months ended September 27, 2019 related to higher margins associated with operational efficiencies from labor and management of contract staffing and contract close-out activities. The aggregate cumulative

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adjustments for the three months ended September 28, 2018 related to lower margins associated with labor-related items partially offset by management of contract staffing.

Nine months ended September 27, 2019, compared to nine months ended September 28, 2018

Selected financial highlights are presented in the following table:



	Nine Months Ended						Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)	September 27, 2019			September 28, 2018			$			%
Revenue	$	1,017,371		$	949,744		$	67,627		7.1	%
Cost of revenue	921,685			865,078			56,607			6.5	%
% of revenue	90.6		%	91.1		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	59,697			48,990			10,707			21.9	%
% of revenue	5.9		%	5.2		%
Operating income	35,989			35,676			313			0.9	%
Operating margin	3.5		%	3.8		%
Interest expense, net	(4,811		)	(3,619		)	(1,192		)	(32.9	)%
Income before taxes	31,178			32,057			(879		)	(2.7	)%
% of revenue	3.1		%	3.4		%
Income tax expense	7,088			6,884			204			3.0	%
Effective income tax rate	22.7		%	21.5		%
Net Income	$	24,090		$	25,173		$	(1,083	)	(4.3	)%

Revenue

Revenue for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 was $1,017.4 million, an increase of $67.6 million, or 7.1%, as compared to the nine months ended September 28, 2018. The increase in revenue was attributable to increases from our Middle East programs of $32.9 million, our U.S. programs of $16.5 million, and our European programs of $18.2 million. The acquisition of Advantor contributed $10.2 million to the increase from U.S. programs.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was 90.6% compared to 91.1% for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and the nine months ended September 28, 2018, respectively. The increase in cost of revenue of $56.6 million, or 6.5%, for the nine months ended September 27, 2019, as compared to the nine months ended September 28, 2018, was primarily due to increased revenue as described above.

SG&A Expenses

For the nine months ended September 27, 2019, SG&A expenses of $59.7 million increased by $10.7 million, or 21.9%, as compared to the nine months ended September 28, 2018. The increase was due primarily to increased M&A costs of $2.1 million, stock-based compensation of $1.5 million, LOGCAP V pre-operational legal costs of $0.8 million, expenses related to internal investments in global operations of $3.6 million and Advantor SG&A expenses of $2.7 million.

Operating Income

Operating income for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 increased by $0.3 million, or 0.9%, as compared to the nine months ended September 28, 2018. This increase was primarily due to higher operating income of $3.2 million from our Middle East programs offset by decreases of $2.1 million from our U.S. programs and $0.8 million from our European programs.

Operating income as a percentage of revenue was 3.5% for the nine months ended September 27, 2019, compared to 3.8% for the nine months ended September 28, 2018.

Aggregate cumulative adjustments increased operating income by $1.5 million and $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, respectively. The aggregate cumulative adjustments for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 related to higher margins associated with operational efficiencies related to labor and management of contract staffing and contract close-out activities. The aggregate cumulative adjustments for the nine months ended September 28, 2018 related to higher margins associated with labor-related items and management of contract staffing.

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Interest (Expense) Income, Net

Interest (expense) income, net for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended						Change					Nine Months Ended						Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)	September 27, 2019			September 28, 2018			$			%		September 27, 2019			September 28, 2018			$			%
Interest income	$	61		$	98		$	(37	)	(37.8	)	$	169		$	137		$	32		23.4
Interest expense	(1,968		)	(1,412		)	(556		)	(39.4	)	(4,980		)	(3,756		)	(1,224		)	(32.6	)
Interest expense, net	$	(1,907	)	$	(1,314	)	$	(593	)	(45.1	)	$	(4,811	)	$	(3,619	)	$	(1,192	)	(32.9	)

Interest income is directly related to interest earned on our cash. Interest expense is directly related to borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities, amortization of debt issuance costs and derivative instruments used to hedge a portion of our exposure to interest rate risk. The increase in interest expense of $0.6 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 27, 2019 compared to the three and nine months ended September 28, 2018, respectively, was due to increased use of our revolving credit facility in 2019 to finance short-term working capital requirements and the acquisition of Advantor.

Income Tax Expense

For the three months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, we recorded income tax provisions of $3.1 million and $2.8 million, respectively, representing effective income tax rates of 24.8% and 22.3%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018, we recorded income tax provisions of $7.1 million and $6.9 million, respectively, representing effective income tax rates of 22.7% and 21.5%, respectively. The higher effective income tax rates for the 2019 periods are the result of an increase in state taxes due to additional CONUS activity, the impact of foreign taxes due to additional guidance on the implementation of the Tax Act and a reduction in employment tax credits.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

Historically, we have generated operating cash flow sufficient to fund our working capital, capital expenditure and financing requirements. We expect to fund our ongoing working capital, capital expenditures and financing requirements through cash flows from operations, cash on hand and access to capital markets. When necessary we utilize our revolving credit facility to satisfy short-term working capital requirements.

If our cash flows from operations are less than we expect, we may need to access the long-term or short-term capital markets. Although we believe that our current financing arrangements will permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions, our access to and the availability of financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including: (i) our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating, (ii) the liquidity of the overall capital markets and (iii) the current state of the economy. We cannot provide assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or that such financing will be available at all.

The cash presented on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of U.S. and international cash from wholly owned subsidiaries. Approximately $12.7 million of our total $41.1 million in cash at September 27, 2019 is held by our foreign subsidiaries and is not available to fund U.S. operations unless repatriated. We do not currently expect that we will be required to repatriate undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. We expect our U.S. domestic cash resources will be sufficient to fund our U.S. operating activities and cash commitments for financing activities.

In September 2014, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, VSC, entered into a credit agreement with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent. The credit agreement was amended as of April 19, 2016, to modify certain financial and negative covenants (as so amended, the Credit Agreement). On November 15, 2017, we and VSC entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the Amendment Agreement) with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, which provides for the amendment and restatement of the Credit Agreement. The Amendment Agreement provides for $200.0 million in senior secured financing, consisting of a $80.0 million five-year term loan facility (the Amended Term Loan) and a $120.0 million five-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the Amended Revolver, and together with the Amended Term Loan, the Amended Credit Facilities). Additionally, the Amendment Agreement includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to draw up to an additional $100.0 million subject to the lender's consent on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. The Amendment Agreement also permits the Company to borrow up to $75.0 million in unsecured debt as long as the aggregated sum of both the unsecured debt and the accordion does not exceed $100.0 million. We used $74.6 million from the Amended Term Loan to repay principal and accrued but unpaid interest on the Credit Agreement. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Amended Revolver at September 27, 2019. At September 27, 2019, there were seven letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $8.1 million, which reduced our borrowing availability under the Amended Revolver to $111.9 million.

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Dividends

We do not currently plan to pay a regular dividend on our common stock. The declaration of any future cash dividends and if declared, the amount of any such dividends, will depend upon our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, financial covenants, included under the Amendment Agreement, and other contractual restrictions and the discretion of our Board of Directors. In deciding whether to pay future dividends on our common stock, our Board of Directors may consider such matters as general business conditions, industry practice, our financial condition and performance, our future prospects, our cash needs and capital investment plans, income tax consequences, applicable law and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Sources and Uses of Liquidity

Cash, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and accounts payable are the principal components of our working capital and are generally driven by our level of revenue with other short-term fluctuations related to payment practices by our customers and the timing of our billings. Our receivables reflect amounts billed to our customers, as well as the revenue that was recognized in the preceding month, which is normally billed the month following each balance sheet date.

The total amount of our accounts receivable can vary significantly over time and is sensitive to revenue levels and the timing of payments received from our customers. Days sales outstanding (DSO) is a metric used to monitor accounts receivable levels. Our DSO was 62 days as of September 27, 2019 and 63 days as of December 31, 2018.

The following table sets forth net cash used in operating activities, investing activities and financing activities:



	Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 27, 2019			September 28, 2018
Operating activities	$	28,448		$	8,654
Investing activities	(53,003		)	(42,937		)
Financing activities	699			(2,415		)
Foreign exchange¹	(1,239		)	(1,171		)
Net change in cash	$	(25,095	)	$	(37,869	)
¹Impact on cash balances due to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Trends in our operating cash flows tend to follow trends in operating income, excluding non-cash charges. Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 consisted of net income of $24.1 million plus non-cash items of $10.7 million and net changes in other long-term assets and liabilities of $1.0 million partially offset by an increase in net working capital requirements of $7.4 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 28, 2018 consisted of net income of $25.2 million, increased by non-cash items of $6.6 million offset by net working capital changes of $23.1 million primarily due to the timing of cash collections, as reflected in an increase in receivables as of September 28, 2018.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 27, 2019 consisted of $44.0 million for the acquisition of Advantor and $14.4 million of capital expenditures for the purchase of intangible assets, software and hardware, leasehold improvements, and vehicles and equipment related to ongoing operations. During the third quarter of 2019, $5.4 million was received from the seller of a contract acquired by the Company in the first quarter of 2019 due to the inability to have the contract novated to the Company.

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 28, 2018 consisted of $36.9 million for the acquisition of SENTEL and $6.1 million for the purchase of equipment, leasehold improvements, hardware and software related to ongoing operations.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 27, 2019 consisted of $3.5 million in cash received from the exercise of stock options offset by repayments of long-term debt of $2.0 million and payments related to employee withholding taxes on share-based compensation in the amount of $0.8 million. During the nine months ended September 27, 2019, we borrowed and repaid a total of $226.0 million from the Amended Revolver to meet short-term working capital requirements and fund a portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of Advantor.

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 28, 2018 consisted of repayments of long-term debt of $3.0 million and payments related to employee withholding taxes on share-based compensation in the amount of $0.8 million, offset by $1.4 million in cash received from the exercise of stock options. During the nine months ended September 28, 2018, we borrowed and repaid a total of $138.0 million from the Amended Revolver to meet short-term working capital requirements and to fund a portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of SENTEL.

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Capital Resources

At September 27, 2019, we held cash of $41.1 million, which included $12.7 million held by foreign subsidiaries, and had $111.9 million of available borrowing capacity under the Amended Revolver, which expires on November 15, 2022. We believe that our cash at September 27, 2019, as supplemented by cash flows from operations and the Amended Revolver, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating costs, capital expenditures and current debt repayment obligations for at least the next 12 months.

Contractual Obligations

During the nine months ended September 27, 2019, we paid $2.0 million in quarterly installment payments on the Amended Term Loan. See Note 10, "Leases" for additional contractual obligation information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have obligations relating to operating leases and outstanding letters of credit. Our Amended Revolver permits borrowings up to $120.0 million, of which $25.0 million is available for the issuance of letters of credit. At September 27, 2019, there were seven letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $8.1 million, which reduced our borrowing availability under the Amended Revolver to $111.9 million. These arrangements have not had, and management does not believe it is likely that they will in the future have, a material effect on our liquidity, capital resources, operations or financial condition. At September 27, 2019, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available. Management believes that the accounting estimates employed and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results in these areas could differ from management's estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, goodwill impairment assessments and income taxes have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Beginning January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02 related to lease accounting. Refer to Note 10, "Leases" for further discussion regarding the impact of the adoption of this standard. There have been no other material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates from those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 2, "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" in the notes to our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding accounting pronouncements and accounting standards updates.

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and certain information incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and, as such, may involve risks and uncertainties. All statements included or incorporated by reference in this report, other than statements that are purely historical, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “potential,” “continue” or similar terminology. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of the Company based on information currently available to management. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: our ability to submit proposals for and/or win all potential opportunities in our pipeline; our ability to retain and renew our existing contracts; our ability to compete with other companies in our market; security breaches and other disruptions to our information technology and operation; our mix of cost-plus, cost- reimbursable, and firm-fixed-price contracts; maintaining our reputation and relationship with the U.S. government; protests of new awards; integration of acquisitions into our business; economic, political and social conditions in the countries in which we conduct our businesses; changes in U.S. or international government defense budgets; government regulations and compliance therewith, including changes to the DoD procurement process; changes in technology; intellectual

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property matters; governmental investigations, reviews, audits and cost adjustments; contingencies related to actual or alleged environmental contamination, claims and concerns; delays in completion of the U.S. government's budget; our success in extending, deepening, and enhancing our technical capabilities; our success in expanding our geographic footprint or broadening our customer base; our ability to realize the full amounts reflected in our backlog; impairment of goodwill; misconduct of our employees, subcontractors, agents, prime contractors and business partners; our ability to control costs; our level of indebtedness; and terms of our credit agreement; interest rate risk; subcontractor performance; economic and capital markets conditions; our ability to maintain safe work sites and equipment; our ability to retain and recruit qualified personnel; and to maintain good relationships with our workforce; our teaming relationships with contractors; changes in our accounting estimates; the adequacy of our insurance coverage; volatility in our stock price; changes in our tax provisions or exposure to additional income tax liabilities; risks and uncertainties relating to the Spin-off; changes in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; and other factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and described from time to time in our future reports filed with the SEC.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our earnings, cash flows and financial position are exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. All of the potential changes noted below are based on information available at September 27, 2019.

Interest Rate Risk

Each one percentage point change associated with the variable rate Amended Term Loan would result in a $0.7 million change in our annual cash interest expenses. However, we have interest rate swaps in place to hedge a portion of this risk. Refer to Note 9, "Derivative Instruments" for additional information regarding our interest rate swaps.

Assuming our Amended Revolver was fully drawn to a principal amount equal to $120.0 million, each one percentage point change in interest rates would result in a $1.2 million change in our annual cash interest expense.

As of September 27, 2019, the notional value of our interest rate swap agreements totaled $54.9 million. The difference to be paid or received under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements is accrued as interest rates change and recognized as an adjustment to interest expense for the related debt in the period incurred. Changes in the variable interest rates to be paid pursuant to the terms of the interest rate swap agreements will have a corresponding effect on future cash flows.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The majority of our business is conducted in U.S. dollars. However, we are required to transact in foreign currencies for some of our contracts, resulting in some assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. Therefore, our earnings may experience some volatility related to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into forward foreign exchange contracts to buy or sell various foreign currencies to selectively protect against volatility in the value of non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts are recognized in earnings. As of September 27, 2019, the U.S. dollar notional value of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was approximately $9.2 million. The net fair value of these contracts at September 27, 2019 was a liability of $0.5 million.

We perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the effects that market risk exposures may have on the fair values of our foreign currency forward contracts. To perform the sensitivity analysis, we assess the risk of loss in fair values from the effect of hypothetical changes in foreign currency exchange rates. This analysis assumes a like movement by the foreign currencies in our hedge portfolio against the U.S. dollar. As of September 27, 2019, a 5% appreciation in the value of the U.S. dollar would result in a net decrease in the fair value of our derivative portfolio of approximately $0.4 million.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 27, 2019. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 27, 2019, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Beginning January 1, 2019, we implemented ASC Topic 842. In connection with its adoption, we implemented changes to our processes and control activities related to lease accounting. These changes included updating policies and procedures to reflect the lease accounting and disclosure requirements. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 27, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

On July 8, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Advantor. We are in the process of integrating Advantor’s financial reporting processes and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting into our financial reporting processes, procedures and internal controls. In the course of integrating Advantor’s financial reporting processes and procedures with ours, we may implement changes to financial reporting processes and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting and will disclose any such changes, if material, as required by the rules of the SEC. Management intends to complete its assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting for the acquired business within one year of the date of the acquisition.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings that are incidental to the operation of our business. Some of these proceedings seek remedies relating to employment matters, matters in connection with our contracts and matters arising under laws relating to the protection of the environment.

As a result of final indirect rate negotiations between the U.S. government and our Former Parent, we may be subject to potential adjustments to costs previously allocated by our Former Parent to our business, which was formerly Exelis’ Mission Systems Business, from 2007 through September 2014. Because we do not participate in indirect rate negotiations between the U.S. government and our Former Parent, we cannot reasonably predict the likelihood of such adjustments or the ultimate responsible party. We have recently been in discussions with our Former Parent regarding the negotiated adjustments for 2007-2014 and believe that our potential cumulative liability for these years is insignificant. In June 2019, the U.S. government provided us with the COFD for the years 2007 - 2010 related to Former Parent costs. In August 2019, we filed an appeal of the COFD with the ASBCA. In October 2019, the ASBCA granted Vectrus’ and the U.S. government’s joint request to stay proceedings in the appeal through December 30, 2019 to enable ongoing discussions regarding the matter between Vectrus and our Former Parent. We believe we are fully indemnified under our Distribution Agreement with our Former Parent and have notified our Former Parent of our appeal of the U.S. government's decision in this matter.

Although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including our assessment of the merits of the particular claim, we do not expect that any asserted or unasserted legal claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations or financial condition.

Refer to Note 13, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

None.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS



10.1	Lynch Letter Agreement, dated July 7, 2019, between Vectrus, Inc. and Susan D. Lynch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Vectrus, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 5, 2019)
31.1	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 +
31.2	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 +
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This Exhibit is intended to be furnished in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b) (32) (ii) and shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference. +
32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This Exhibit is intended to be furnished in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b) (32) (ii) and shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference. +
101	The following materials from Vectrus, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 27, 2019, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes to Shareholders' Equity and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. #

+ Indicates this document is filed as an exhibit herewith.

# Submitted electronically with this report.

The Company’s Commission File Number for Reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K is 001-36341.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



VECTRUS, INC.
/s/ William B. Noon
By: William B. Noon
Corporate Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: November 5, 2019