Quarterly Report (10-q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)



☒	Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2019



☐	Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-38888



	Red River Bancshares, Inc.
	(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Louisiana		72-1412058
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)



1412 Centre Court Drive, Suite 402,	Alexandria,	Louisiana	71301
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (318) 561-5028

Not Applicable

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value	RRBI	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 31, 2019, the registrant had 7,306,221 shares of common stock, no par value, issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
Glossary of Terms		3
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		4

PART I	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Consolidated Statements of Income	6
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	7
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity	8
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	48
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48

PART II	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	49
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	49
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Used of Proceeds	49
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	49
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	49
Item 5.	Other Information	49
Item 6.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	50
	Signatures	51

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this filing to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company,” and “our company” refer to Red River Bancshares, Inc., a Louisiana corporation and bank holding company, and its consolidated subsidiaries. All references in this filing to “Red River Bank,” the “bank,” and the “Bank” refer to Red River Bank, our wholly owned bank subsidiary.

Other abbreviations or acronyms used in this filing are defined below.



ABBREVIATION OR ACRONYM		DEFINITION
2018 2-for-1 stock split		A stock split that was accomplished by a stock dividend with a record date of October 1, 2018, whereby each holder of the Company's common stock received one additional share of common stock for each share owned as of such date.
AFS		Available-for-sale
AOCI		Accumulated other comprehensive income or loss
ASC		Accounting Standards Codification
ASU		Accounting Standards Update
Basel III		Basel Committee's 2010 Regulatory Capital Framework (Third Accord)
BOLI		Bank-owned life insurance
CECL		Current Expected Credit Losses, related to ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
Director Compensation Program		Compensation program which allows directors of the Company and the Bank an opportunity to select how to receive their annual director fees.
Economic Growth Act		Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act
EPS		Earnings per share
Exchange Act		Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FDIA		Federal Deposit Insurance Act
FDIC		Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FBT CT I		FBT Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory trust
FHLB		Federal Home Loan Bank
FTE		Fully taxable equivalent basis
GAAP		Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America
HFI		Held for investment
HFS		Held for sale
HTM		Held-to-maturity
IPO		Initial public offering
LPO		Loan production office
MSA		Metropolitan statistical area
NOW		Negotiable order of withdrawal
NPA(s)		Nonperforming asset(s)
OTTI		Other-than-temporary impairment
SBIC		Small Business Investment Company
Securities Act		Securities Act of 1933, as amended
SEC		Securities and Exchange Commission
TDR(s)		Troubled debt restructuring(s)
Trust II		Red River Statutory Trust II, a Connecticut statutory trust
Trust III		Red River Statutory Trust III, a Delaware statutory trust

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would,” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words, or such other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:


•	business and economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, nationally and within our local market areas;


•	government intervention in the U.S. financial system;


•	changes in management personnel;


•	increased competition in the financial services industry, particularly from regional and national institutions;


•	volatility and direction of market interest rates;


•	our ability to maintain important deposit customer relationships, our reputation, or to otherwise avoid liquidity risks;


•	factors that can impact the performance of our loan portfolio, including real estate values and liquidity in our primary market areas, the financial health of our commercial borrowers, and the success of construction projects that we finance, including any loans acquired in acquisition transactions;


•	changes in the value of collateral securing our loans;


•	risks associated with system failures or failures to protect against cybersecurity threats, such as breaches of our network security;


•	deterioration of our asset quality;


•	the adequacy of our reserves, including our allowance for loan losses;


•	operational risks associated with our business;


•	natural disasters and adverse weather, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic calamities, and other matters beyond our control;


•	our ability to prudently manage our growth and execute our strategy;


•	compliance with the extensive regulatory framework that applies to us;


•	changes in the laws, rules, regulations, interpretations, or policies relating to financial institution, accounting, tax, trade, monetary, and fiscal matters;


•	the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the Economic Growth Act, and other changes in banking, securities, accounting, and tax laws and regulations, and their application by our regulators; and


•	other risks and uncertainties listed from time to time in our reports and documents filed with the SEC.

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Additional information on these and other risk factors can be found in Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in the section titled "Risk Factors" in our Prospectus that was filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to our IPO. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



(in thousands, except share amounts)	(Unaudited) September 30, 2019			(Audited) December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	32,724		$	34,070
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	73,598			117,836
Total cash and cash equivalents	106,322			151,906
Securities available-for-sale	341,900			307,877
Equity securities	3,954			3,821
Nonmarketable equity securities	1,347			1,299
Loans held for sale	4,113			2,904
Loans held for investment	1,413,162			1,328,438
Allowance for loan losses	(13,906		)	(12,524		)
Premises and equipment, net	39,828			39,690
Accrued interest receivable	4,928			5,013
Bank-owned life insurance	21,707			21,301
Intangible assets	1,546			1,546
Right-of-use assets	4,651			—
Other assets	9,302			9,317
Total Assets	$	1,938,854		$	1,860,588
LIABILITIES
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	615,051		$	547,880
Interest-bearing deposits	1,061,800			1,097,703
Total Deposits	1,676,851			1,645,583
Junior subordinated debentures	—			11,341
Accrued interest payable	1,925			1,757
Lease liabilities	4,688			—
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	10,001			8,204
Total Liabilities	1,693,465			1,666,885
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES	—			—
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, no par value: Authorized - 1,000,000 shares; None Issued and Outstanding	—			—
Common stock, no par value: Authorized - 30,000,000 shares; Issued and Outstanding - 7,306,221 and 6,627,358 shares	68,082			41,094
Retained earnings	177,033			160,115
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	274			(7,506		)
Total Stockholders' Equity	245,389			193,703
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	1,938,854		$	1,860,588

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)



(in thousands, except per share data)	For the Three Months Ended September 30,					For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018			2019		2018
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME
Interest and fees on loans	$	16,578	$	15,285		$	48,026	$	43,307
Interest on securities	1,800		1,689			5,347		5,254
Interest on federal funds sold	178		82			603		196
Interest on deposits in other banks	213		197			935		423
Dividends on stock	12		13			30		27
Total Interest and Dividend Income	18,781		17,266			54,941		49,207
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest on deposits	2,514		1,818			7,260		5,018
Interest on other borrowed funds	—		3			—		6
Interest on junior subordinated debentures	73		150			385		410
Total Interest Expense	2,587		1,971			7,645		5,434
NET INTEREST INCOME	16,194		15,295			47,296		43,773
Provision for loan losses	378		526			1,432		1,464
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES	15,816		14,769			45,864		42,309
NONINTEREST INCOME
Service charges on deposit accounts	1,195		1,162			3,304		3,486
Debit card income, net	833		786			2,314		2,254
Mortgage loan income	1,014		623			2,186		1,675
Brokerage income	561		469			1,552		1,395
Loan and deposit income	404		346			1,131		943
Bank-owned life insurance income	137		139			407		415
Gain (Loss) on equity securities	30		(30		)	133		(122		)
Gain (Loss) on sale of investments	5		(9		)	5		32
Other income	207		455			749		686
Total Noninterest Income	4,386		3,941			11,781		10,764
OPERATING EXPENSES
Personnel expenses	7,007		6,625			20,652		19,255
Occupancy and equipment expenses	1,199		1,152			3,708		3,313
Technology expenses	595		507			1,697		1,549
Advertising	216		193			821		579
Other business development expenses	266		303			827		850
Data processing expense	479		437			1,420		1,257
Other taxes	425		325			1,234		1,016
Loan and deposit expenses	285		242			901		644
Legal and professional expenses	436		382			1,138		1,050
Other operating expenses	977		1,015			3,049		2,924
Total Operating Expenses	11,885		11,181			35,447		32,437
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE	8,317		7,529			22,198		20,636
Income tax expense	1,470		1,387			4,117		3,731
NET INCOME	$	6,847	$	6,142		$	18,081	$	16,905
EARNINGS PER SHARE⁽¹⁾
Basic	$	0.94	$	0.91		$	2.59	$	2.51
Diluted	$	0.93	$	0.91		$	2.57	$	2.50


⁽¹⁾	2018 amounts adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)



(in thousands)	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income	$	6,847		$	6,142		$	18,081		$	16,905
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized net gain (loss) on securities arising during period	721			(1,432		)	9,852			(6,516		)
Tax effect	(150		)	299			(2,068		)	1,391
Less: (Gain) Loss included in net income	(5		)	9			(5		)	(32		)
Tax effect	1			(2		)	1			7
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	567			(1,126		)	7,780			(5,150		)
Comprehensive income	$	7,414		$	5,016		$	25,861		$	11,755

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)




(in thousands, except share amounts)	Common Shares Issued⁽¹⁾	Common Stock		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2017	6,721,146	$	45,539	$	137,949		$	(5,385	)	$	178,103
Net income	—	—		5,231			—			5,231
Stock incentive plan expense	—	—		47			—			47
Issuance of shares of common stock as board compensation	2,452	92		—			—			92
Cash dividend - $0.15 per share⁽¹⁾	—	—		(1,009		)	—			(1,009		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—			(3,370		)	(3,370		)
Balance as of March 31, 2018	6,723,598	$	45,631	$	142,218		$	(8,755	)	$	179,094
Net income	—	—		5,532			—			5,532
Stock incentive plan expense	—	—		46			—			46
Issuance of shares of common stock through exercise of stock options	2,000	29		—			—			29
Reclassification for adoption of accounting standard	—	—		(74		)	74			—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—			(654		)	(654		)
Balance as of June 30, 2018	6,725,598	$	45,660	$	147,722		$	(9,335	)	$	184,047
Net income	—	—		6,142			—			6,142
Stock incentive plan expense	—	—		50			—			50
Issuance of restricted shares of common stock through stock incentive plan, net	6,750	—		—			—			—
Issuance of shares of common stock through exercise of stock options	1,500	18		—			—			18
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—			(1,126		)	(1,126		)
Balance as of September 30, 2018	6,733,848	$	45,678	$	153,914		$	(10,461	)	$	189,131


⁽¹⁾	Adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - CONTINUED (UNAUDITED)




(in thousands, except share amounts)	Common Shares Issued	Common Stock			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2018	6,627,358	$	41,094		$	160,115		$	(7,506	)	$	193,703
Net income	—	—			5,696			—			5,696
Stock incentive plan expense	—	—			49			—			49
Issuance of shares of common stock through exercise of stock options	7,200	80			—			—			80
Issuance of shares of common stock as board compensation	2,368	97			—			—			97
Cash dividend - $0.20 per share	—	—			(1,326		)	—			(1,326		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—			—			3,885			3,885
Balance as of March 31, 2019	6,636,926	$	41,271		$	164,534		$	(3,621	)	$	202,184
Net income	—	—			5,538			—			5,538
Stock incentive plan expense	—	—			50			—			50
Issuance of shares of common stock through IPO	663,320	26,812			—			—			26,812
Board compensation adjustment	—	(1		)	—			—			(1		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—			—			3,328			3,328
Balance as of June 30, 2019	7,300,246	$	68,082		$	170,122		$	(293	)	$	237,911
Net income	—	—			6,847			—			6,847
Stock incentive plan expense	—	—			64			—			64
Issuance of restricted shares of common stock through stock incentive plan, net	5,975	—			—			—			—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—			—			567			567
Balance as of September 30, 2019	7,306,221	$	68,082		$	177,033		$	274		$	245,389

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)



(in thousands)	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	18,081		$	16,905
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	1,279			1,234
Amortization	468			294
Share-based compensation earned	163			143
Share-based board compensation earned	96			92
(Gain) Loss on other assets owned	(16		)	(228		)
Net (accretion) amortization on AFS securities	963			1,011
Net (accretion) amortization on HTM securities	—			11
Gains on sales of AFS securities	(5		)	(32		)
Provision for loan losses	1,432			1,464
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(308		)	—
Net (increase) decrease in loans HFS	(1,209		)	(209		)
Net (increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable	85			(168		)
Net (increase) decrease in BOLI	(406		)	(415		)
Net increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable	168			1
Other operating activities, net	(1,414		)	(1,600		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	19,377			18,503
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Activity in AFS securities:
Sales	34,957			5,282
Maturities, prepayments, and calls	49,267			39,881
Purchases	(109,356		)	(7,250		)
Activity in HTM securities:
Maturities, prepayments, and calls	—			1,235
Purchase of nonmarketable equity securities	(48		)	(25		)
Net (increase) decrease in loans HFI	(84,774		)	(85,806		)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets	902			1,287
Purchases of premises and equipment	(1,402		)	(2,170		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(110,454		)	(47,566		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net increase (decrease) in deposits	31,268			79,751
Repayments of other borrowed funds	—			(136		)
Redemption of junior subordinated debentures	(11,341		)	—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	80			47
Proceeds from initial public offering, net	26,812			—
Cash dividends	(1,326		)	(1,009		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	45,493			78,653
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(45,584		)	49,590
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period	151,906			59,667
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	$	106,322		$	109,257

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	7,477		$	5,434
Income taxes	$	4,649		$	4,197
Initial measurement and recognition of operating lease assets in exchange for lease liabilities	$	4,954		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company were prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information, general practices within the financial services industry, and with instructions for Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information or footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire fiscal year. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in the Company’s Prospectus filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to its IPO.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These changes in presentation did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There were no material changes or developments during the reporting period with respect to methodologies the Company uses when applying critical accounting policies and developing critical accounting estimates as disclosed in Note 1 of the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, that were included in the Company's Prospectus as filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019. In preparing the financial statements, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim period presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature and include appropriate estimated provisions.

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2019

As of January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and the related amendments using the modified retrospective approach. The primary purpose of this ASU was to increase the transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing a lease liability related to the lessee's obligation to make lease payments based on a lease contract, and a right-of-use asset related to the lessee's right to use the leased asset for the term of the lease. The Company recorded right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $4.9 million at the time of adoption. The required disclosures are included in Note 5 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2017-12 permits hedge accounting for risk components in hedging relationships involving nonfinancial risk and interest rate risk. It also changes the guidance for designating fair value hedges of interest rate risk and for measuring the change in fair value of the hedged item in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. In addition to the amendments to the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships, the amendments in this ASU also align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. This ASU requires an entity to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. ASU 2017-12 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, and did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 sets forth the CECL model requiring the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held as of the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. For public business entities that are SEC registrants and eligible to be a smaller reporting company as currently defined by the SEC, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In that regard, the Company has formed a cross functional working group and is currently working through its implementation plan which includes assessment and documentation of processes, internal controls, and data sources; model development and documentation; and implementation of a third-party vendor solution to assist in the adoption of ASU 2016-13.

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2.	Securities

Securities held for indefinite periods of time are classified as AFS and carried at estimated fair value. The Company does not hold HTM securities as of September 30, 2019. Investment activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, included $109.4 million of securities purchased, offset by $35.0 million in sales, and $49.3 million in maturities, prepayments, and calls. The amortized cost and estimated fair values of securities AFS are summarized in the following tables (in thousands):



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
As of September 30, 2019
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	246,868	$	489	$	(1,225	)	$	246,132
Municipal bonds	84,660		1,298		(262		)	85,696
U.S. agency securities	10,025		61		(14		)	10,072
Total Securities AFS	$	341,553	$	1,848	$	(1,501	)	$	341,900



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
As of December 31, 2018
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	221,799	$	11	$	(7,122	)	$	214,688
Municipal bonds	70,416		94		(2,235		)	68,275
U.S. agency securities	23,170		6		(261		)	22,915
U.S. Treasury securities	1,994		5		—			1,999
Total Securities AFS	$	317,379	$	116	$	(9,618	)	$	307,877

The amortized costs and estimated market values of debt securities as of September 30, 2019, by contractual maturity, are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.



	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	74	$	74
After one year but within five years	34,966		34,796
After five years but within ten years	77,798		78,239
After ten years	228,715		228,791
Total	$	341,553	$	341,900

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Information pertaining to securities with gross unrealized losses as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position is described as follows (in thousands):



	Less than twelve months					Twelve months or more
	Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
As of September 30, 2019:
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	(410	)	$	109,210	$	(815	)	$	79,380
Municipal bonds	(69		)	11,556		(193		)	10,310
U.S. agency securities	(14		)	4,005		—			—
Total Securities AFS	$	(493	)	$	124,771	$	(1,008	)	$	89,690

As of December 31, 2018:
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	(75	)	$	8,845	$	(7,047	)	$	200,532
Municipal bonds	(48		)	3,389		(2,187		)	52,879
U.S. agency securities	(41		)	3,801		(220		)	14,123
Total Securities AFS	$	(164	)	$	16,035	$	(9,454	)	$	267,534

The number of investment securities in an unrealized loss position totaled 171 as of September 30, 2019. The aggregate unrealized loss of these securities as of September 30, 2019, was 0.44% of the amortized cost basis of the total AFS securities portfolio. Management and the Asset-Liability Committee continually monitor the securities portfolio and are able to effectively measure and monitor the unrealized loss positions on these securities. Management does not intend to sell these securities prior to recovery, and it is more likely than not that the Company will have the ability to hold them, primarily due to adequate liquidity, until each security has recovered its cost basis. The unrealized losses of these securities have been determined by management to be a function of the movement of interest rates since the time of purchase. Based on review of available information, including recent changes in interest rates and credit rating information, management believes the declines in fair value of these securities are temporary. The Company does not consider these securities to have OTTI.

Management evaluates securities for OTTI on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently if economic or market concerns merit such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and (3) whether the Company intends to, and it is more likely than not that it will be able to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. Additionally, the Company annually performs a detailed credit review of the municipal securities owned to identify any potential credit concerns. There were no OTTI losses on debt securities related to credit losses recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 or the year ended December 31, 2018.

Pledged Securities

Securities with carrying values of approximately $94.3 million and $93.5 million were pledged to secure public deposits, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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3.	Loans and Asset Quality

Loans

Loans HFI by category and loans HFS are summarized below (in thousands):



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	518,286	$	454,689
One-to-four family residential	417,318		406,963
Construction and development	120,025		102,868
Commercial and industrial	266,322		275,881
Tax-exempt	57,422		60,104
Consumer	33,789		27,933
Total loans HFI	$	1,413,162	$	1,328,438
Total loans HFS	$	4,113	$	2,904

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by category for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands):



	Beginning Balance December 31, 2018		Provision for Loan Losses			Loans Charged-off			Recoveries		Ending Balance September 30, 2019
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	3,081	$	130		$	—		$	—	$	3,211
One-to-four family residential	3,146		112			(15		)	3		3,246
Construction and development	951		39			—			88		1,078
Commercial and industrial	4,604		881			(574		)	582		5,493
Tax-exempt	372		(33		)	—			—		339
Consumer	370		303			(240		)	106		539
Total allowance for loan losses	$	12,524	$	1,432		$	(829	)	$	779	$	13,906

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by category for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):



	Beginning Balance December 31, 2017		Provision for Loan Losses			Loans Charged-off			Recoveries		Ending Balance December 31, 2018
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	3,270	$	(189	)	$	(27	)	$	27	$	3,081
One-to-four family residential	3,099		(136		)	(4		)	187		3,146
Construction and development	852		99			—			—		951
Commercial and industrial	2,836		2,112			(353		)	9		4,604
Tax-exempt	432		(60		)	—			—		372
Consumer	406		164			(353		)	153		370
Total allowance for loan losses	$	10,895	$	1,990		$	(737	)	$	376	$	12,524

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The balance in the allowance for loan losses and the related recorded investment in loans by category as of September 30, 2019, are as follows (in thousands):



	Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	118	$	3,093	$	—	$	3,211
One-to-four family residential	62		3,184		—		3,246
Construction and development	10		1,068		—		1,078
Commercial and industrial	3,287		2,206		—		5,493
Tax-exempt	—		339		—		339
Consumer	62		477		—		539
Total allowance for loan losses	$	3,539	$	10,367	$	—	$	13,906

Loans:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	2,668	$	515,618	$	—	$	518,286
One-to-four family residential	1,584		415,734		—		417,318
Construction and development	53		119,972		—		120,025
Commercial and industrial	9,331		256,991		—		266,322
Tax-exempt	—		57,422		—		57,422
Consumer	69		33,720		—		33,789
Total loans HFI	$	13,705	$	1,399,457	$	—	$	1,413,162

The balance in the allowance for loan losses and the related recorded investment in loans by category as of December 31, 2018, are as follows (in thousands):



	Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	206	$	2,875	$	—	$	3,081
One-to-four family residential	20		3,126		—		3,146
Construction and development	12		939		—		951
Commercial and industrial	2,304		2,300		—		4,604
Tax-exempt	—		372		—		372
Consumer	75		295		—		370
Total allowance for loan losses	$	2,617	$	9,907	$	—	$	12,524

Loans:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	3,829	$	450,860	$	—	$	454,689
One-to-four family residential	2,348		404,615		—		406,963
Construction and development	55		102,813		—		102,868
Commercial and industrial	15,516		260,365		—		275,881
Tax-exempt	—		60,104		—		60,104
Consumer	104		27,829		—		27,933
Total loans HFI	$	21,852	$	1,306,586	$	—	$	1,328,438

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Commitments to Extend Credit

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer if all conditions of the commitment have been met. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s evaluation of the customer’s ability to repay. As of September 30, 2019, unfunded loan commitments totaled approximately $272.3 million. As of December 31, 2018, unfunded loan commitments totaled approximately $231.5 million.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. As of September 30, 2019, commitments under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $12.7 million. As of December 31, 2018, commitments under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $11.6 million. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans

A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual loans as of September 30, 2019, is as follows (in thousands):



	Accruing
	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total Loans
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	516,025	$	312	$	—	$	1,949	$	518,286
One-to-four family residential	416,274		106		301		637		417,318
Construction and development	119,972		—		—		53		120,025
Commercial and industrial	262,479		153		—		3,690		266,322
Tax-exempt	57,422		—		—		—		57,422
Consumer	33,729		42		—		18		33,789
Total loans HFI	$	1,405,901	$	613	$	301	$	6,347	$	1,413,162

A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2018, is as follows (in thousands):



	Accruing
	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total Loans
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	452,477	$	—	$	850	$	1,362	$	454,689
One-to-four family residential	405,961		512		66		424		406,963
Construction and development	102,776		36		1		55		102,868
Commercial and industrial	272,174		32		—		3,675		275,881
Tax-exempt	60,104		—		—		—		60,104
Consumer	27,851		16		22		44		27,933
Total loans HFI	$	1,321,343	$	596	$	939	$	5,560	$	1,328,438

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Impaired Loans

Impaired loans include TDRs and performing and nonperforming loans. Information pertaining to impaired loans as of September 30, 2019, is as follows (in thousands):



	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	1,929	$	1,774	$	—	$	2,925
One-to-four family residential	1,159		1,099		—		1,246
Construction and development	18		16		—		95
Commercial and industrial	1,969		1,638		—		4,238
Tax-exempt	—		—		—		—
Consumer	8		8		—		10
Total with no related allowance	5,083		4,535		—		8,514
With allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	913		894		118		1,070
One-to-four family residential	489		485		62		372
Construction and development	51		37		10		101
Commercial and industrial	8,663		7,693		3,287		7,851
Tax-exempt	—		—		—		—
Consumer	64		61		62		77
Total with related allowance	10,180		9,170		3,539		9,471
Total impaired loans	$	15,263	$	13,705	$	3,539	$	17,985

Information pertaining to impaired loans as of December 31, 2018, is as follows (in thousands):



	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	2,376	$	2,255	$	—	$	2,470
One-to-four family residential	1,912		1,855		—		2,026
Construction and development	18		16		—		738
Commercial and industrial	11,003		9,707		—		8,909
Tax-exempt	—		—		—		—
Consumer	12		12		—		10
Total with no related allowance	15,321		13,845		—		14,153
With allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	1,584		1,574		206		1,715
One-to-four family residential	507		493		20		497
Construction and development	52		39		12		41
Commercial and industrial	5,809		5,809		2,304		5,813
Tax-exempt	—		—		—		—
Consumer	95		92		75		35
Total with related allowance	8,047		8,007		2,617		8,101
Total impaired loans	$	23,368	$	21,852	$	2,617	$	22,254

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The interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, was $111,000 and $147,000, respectively. The interest income recognized on impaired loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, was $336,000 and 582,000, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and the bank has granted a concession. Concessions grant terms to the borrower that would not be offered for new debt with similar risk characteristics. Concessions typically include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, revising amortization schedules to defer principal and interest payments, and other changes necessary to provide payment relief to the borrower and minimize the risk of loss. There were no unfunded commitments to extend credit related to these loans as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual TDR loans as of September 30, 2019, is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total TDRs
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	1,376	$	—	$	—	$	1,292	$	2,668
One-to-four family residential	192		—		—		—		192
Construction and development	—		—		—		38		38
Commercial and industrial	39		—		—		2,123		2,162
Tax-exempt	—		—		—		—		—
Consumer	48		—		—		—		48
Total	$	1,655	$	—	$	—	$	3,453	$	5,108
Number of TDR loans	11		—		—		6		17

A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual TDR loans as of December 31, 2018, is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total TDRs
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	1,267	$	—	$	—	$	1,362	$	2,629
One-to-four family residential	208		—		—		—		208
Construction and development	—		—		—		39		39
Commercial and industrial	41		—		—		2,139		2,180
Tax-exempt	—		—		—		—		—
Consumer	56		—		—		—		56
Total	$	1,572	$	—	$	—	$	3,540	$	5,112
Number of TDR loans	10		—		—		6		16

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A summary of loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	September 30, 2019					September 30, 2018
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Loan Count	Pre Modification		Post Modification		Loan Count	Pre Modification		Post Modification
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	1	$	166	$	166	1	$	435	$	479
One-to-four family residential	—	—		—		1	40		40
Construction and development	—	—		—		—	—		—
Commercial and industrial	1	4		4		—	—		—
Tax-exempt	—	—		—		—	—		—
Consumer	—	—		—		1	58		58
Total	2	$	170	$	170	3	$	533	$	577

The TDRs described above increased the allowance for loan losses by $4,000 and $56,000 as of September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. Additionally, there were no defaults on loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 or September 30, 2018, that had been modified in a TDR during the prior twelve months.

Credit Quality Indicators

Loans are categorized based on the degree of risk inherent in the credit and the ability of the borrower to service the debt. A description of the general characteristics of the Bank’s risk rating grades follows:

Pass - These ratings are assigned to loans with a risk level ranging from very low to acceptable based on the borrower’s financial condition, financial trends, management strength, and collateral quality.

Special Mention - This category includes loans with potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan.

Substandard - Loans in this category have well defined weaknesses which jeopardize normal repayment of principal and interest.

Doubtful - Loans in this category have well defined weaknesses that make full collection improbable.

Loss - Loans classified in this category are considered uncollectible and charged-off to the allowance for loan losses.

The following table summarizes loans by risk rating as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands):



	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	504,868	$	10,795	$	2,623	$	—	$	—	$	518,286
One-to-four family residential	413,828		2,275		1,215		—		—		417,318
Construction and development	118,670		573		782		—		—		120,025
Commercial and industrial	247,767		9,081		9,474		—		—		266,322
Tax-exempt	57,422		—		—		—		—		57,422
Consumer	33,642		17		130		—		—		33,789
Total loans HFI	$	1,376,197	$	22,741	$	14,224	$	—	$	—	$	1,413,162

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The following table summarizes loans by risk rating as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):



	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	439,580	$	11,883	$	3,226	$	—	$	—	$	454,689
One-to-four family residential	402,864		1,992		2,107		—		—		406,963
Construction and development	101,754		375		739		—		—		102,868
Commercial and industrial	251,987		8,311		15,583		—		—		275,881
Tax-exempt	60,104		—		—		—		—		60,104
Consumer	27,729		44		160		—		—		27,933
Total loans HFI	$	1,284,018	$	22,605	$	21,815	$	—	$	—	$	1,328,438


4.	Junior Subordinated Debentures

The Company previously issued $6.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debentures and has been the sponsor of three wholly owned business trusts: Trust II, Trust III, and FBT CT I. On April 1, 2013, the Company assumed $5.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debentures and FBT CT I in conjunction with its acquisition of Fidelity Bancorp, Inc. Prior to redemption, these trusts had issued a total of $11.0 million of floating rate capital securities (trust preferred securities) to investors and a total of $341,000 of common securities to the Company. On June 17, 2019, the Company redeemed all of its floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by Trust III at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $3.1 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. On June 30, 2019, the Company redeemed all of its floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by Trust II at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $3.1 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. On August 8, 2019, the Company redeemed all of its floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by FBT CT I at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $5.2 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, floating rate junior subordinated debentures were as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Trust II			Trust III			FBT CT I			Total
As of September 30, 2019:
Trust preferred securities	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Common securities	—			—			—			—
Total junior subordinated debentures	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

As of December 31, 2018:
Trust preferred securities	$	3,000		$	3,000		$	5,000		$	11,000
Common securities	93			93			155			341
Total junior subordinated debentures	$	3,093		$	3,093		$	5,155		$	11,341

Issue date	May 28, 2003			April 20, 2005			September 4, 2003
Call date	May 28, 2008			June 15, 2010			August 8, 2008
Maturity date	May 28, 2033			June 15, 2035			August 8, 2033
Redemption date	June 30, 2019			June 17, 2019			August 8, 2019
Interest rate as of the redemption date	5.84		%	4.58		%	5.58		%
Interest rate as of December 31, 2018	5.65		%	4.30		%	5.34		%

The trust preferred securities represented an interest in the Company’s junior subordinated debentures, which were purchased by the business trusts and had substantially the same payment terms as the trust preferred securities. The junior subordinated debentures were the only assets of the trusts and interest payments from the debentures, payable quarterly, financed the distributions paid on the trust preferred securities. The junior subordinated debentures were redeemable prior to the maturity date, at the option of the Company, in whole or in part, subject to the terms of the trust indentures.

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5.	Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract and assesses the appropriate classification as operating or financing. Operating leases with terms greater than one year are included in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Agreements with both lease and non-lease components are accounted for separately, with only the lease component capitalized. Operating right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the term using the interest rate implicit in the contract, when available, or the Company's incremental collateralized borrowing rate with similar terms.

The Company maintains six operating leases on land and buildings for banking center facilities under long-term leases. These operating leases contain renewal options for periods ranging from three to five years that expire at various dates through October 31, 2031, with no residual value guarantees. Future obligations relating to the exercise of renewal options is included in the measurement if, based on the judgment of management, the renewal option is reasonably certain to be exercised. Factors in determining whether an option is reasonably certain of exercise include, but are not limited to, the value of leasehold improvements, the value of the renewal rate compared to market rates, and the presence of factors that would cause a significant economic penalty to the Company if the option is not exercised. Management reasonably plans to exercise all options, and as such, all renewal options are included in the measurement of the right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had right-of-use assets of $4.7 million and lease liabilities of $4.7 million.

ASC 842, Leases, provides several practical expedients available for use in transition. The Company elected to use the standard’s package of practical expedients, which allows the use of previous conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and the accounting treatment for initial direct costs. The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases with lease terms of one year or less. Therefore, the Company will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets for such leases.

Operating lease expenses for operating leases accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, were $137,000 and $412,000, respectively, and are included as a component of occupancy and equipment expenses within the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Accounting for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, has not had a material impact on the consolidated statements of income, and is not expected to in future periods.

The table below summarizes other information related to the Company's operating leases as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):



Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities for operating leases	$	375
Weighted average remaining operating lease term	10.5 years
Weighted average operating lease discount rate	3.4		%

Future obligations over the primary and renewal option terms of the Company’s long-term operating leases as of September 30, 2019, were as follows (in thousands):



	Amount
3 months remaining in 2019	$	125
2020	520
2021	529
2022	537
2023	539
Thereafter	3,354
Total lease payments	5,604
Less: Imputed interest	(916		)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	4,688

The Company's obligations under financing leases are not material and have not been included in assets and liabilities in the financial statements.

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6.	Fair Value

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Fair Value Disclosure

AFS securities and loans HFS are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans, foreclosed assets, and other certain assets. The nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, indicates that assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value according to a fair value hierarchy comprised of three levels:

Level 1 pricing represents quotes on the exact financial instrument that is traded in active markets. Quoted prices on actively traded equities, for example, are in this category.

Level 2 pricing is derived from observable data including market spreads, current and projected rates, prepayment data, and credit quality. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 pricing is derived without the use of observable data. In such cases, mark-to-model strategies are typically employed. Often, these types of instruments have no active market, possess unique characteristics, and are thinly traded.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value:

Investment Securities and other Stocks: The fair values for marketable securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).

Loans Held for Sale: Residential mortgage loans originated and held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value on an individual basis. The fair values of mortgage loans HFS are based on commitments on hand from investors within the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics. As such, the fair value adjustments for mortgage loans HFS are recurring Level 2.

Loans Held for Investment: The Company does not record loans HFI at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan may be considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses may be established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment using estimated fair value methodologies. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using one of several methods including collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value, and discounted cash flows. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company considers the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company considers the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level 3.

Foreclosed Assets: Foreclosed assets, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, are reported at fair value, determined on the basis of current appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates of value obtained principally from independent sources, adjusted for estimated selling costs (Level 2). However, foreclosed assets are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because management has qualitatively applied a discount due to the size, supply of inventory, and the incremental discounts applied to the appraisals. Management also considers other factors, including changes in absorption rates, length of time the property has been on the market, and anticipated sales values, which have resulted in adjustments to the collateral value estimates indicated in certain appraisals.

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The table below presents the recorded amount of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):



	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2019
Loans HFS	$	4,113	$	—	$	4,113	$	—
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	246,132		—		246,132		—
U.S. agency securities	10,072		—		10,072		—
Municipal bonds	85,696		—		85,696		—
Equity securities	3,954		3,954		—		—

December 31, 2018
Loans HFS	$	2,904	$	—	$	2,904	$	—
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	214,688		—		214,688		—
U.S. agency securities	22,915		—		22,915		—
Municipal bonds	68,275		—		68,275		—
U.S. Treasury securities	1,999		—		1,999		—
Equity securities	3,821		3,821		—		—

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2, or 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018.

The following table presents the recorded amount of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis (in thousands):



	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2019
Impaired loans	$	10,166	$	—	$	—	$	10,166
Foreclosed assets	1,307		—		—		1,307

December 31, 2018
Impaired loans	$	19,235	$	—	$	—	$	19,235
Foreclosed assets	646		—		—		646

The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

The unobservable inputs used for the Level 3 fair value measurements on a nonrecurring basis are as follows:



			Weighted Average Discount
	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Impaired loans	Discounted appraisals	Collateral discounts and costs to sell	25.82%	11.97%
Foreclosed assets	Discounted appraisals	Collateral discounts and costs to sell	—%	6.21%

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The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):



	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2019
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	32,724	$	32,724	$	32,724	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	73,598		73,598		73,598		—		—
Securities AFS	341,900		341,900		—		341,900		—
Equity securities	3,954		3,954		3,954		—		—
Nonmarketable equity securities	1,347		1,347		—		1,347		—
Loans HFS	4,113		4,113		—		4,113		—
Loans HFI, net of allowance	1,399,256		1,395,193		—		—		1,395,193
Accrued interest receivable	4,928		4,928		—		—		4,928
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	1,676,851		1,676,981		—		1,676,981		—
Accrued interest payable	1,925		1,925		—		1,925		—

December 31, 2018
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	34,070	$	34,070	$	34,070	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	117,836		117,836		117,836		—		—
Securities AFS	307,877		307,877		—		307,877		—
Equity securities	3,821		3,821		3,821		—		—
Nonmarketable equity securities	1,299		1,299		—		1,299		—
Loans HFS	2,904		2,904		—		2,904		—
Loans HFI, net of allowance	1,315,914		1,301,960		—		—		1,301,960
Accrued interest receivable	5,013		5,013		—		—		5,013
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	1,645,583		1,641,136		—		1,641,136		—
Junior subordinated debentures	11,341		11,341		—		11,341		—
Accrued interest payable	1,757		1,757		—		1,757		—


7.	Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The Bank is also subject to Basel III capital guidelines. Basel III requires certain minimum ratios in order to be considered adequately capitalized. In addition, a capital conservation buffer, comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital, was established above the minimum regulatory capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer was phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increased each subsequent year by an additional 0.625% until reaching its final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019. Strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments were also implemented under Basel III. It is management’s belief that, as of September 30, 2019, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements under Basel III.

The most recent notification from the FDIC (as of March 31, 2018) categorized the Bank as "well capitalized" under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be classified as "well capitalized," the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based capital, Tier I risk-based capital, common equity Tier I capital, and leverage ratios. Management expects that the capital ratios for the Bank under Basel III will continue to exceed the adequately capitalized requirements.

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While the Bank is currently subject to the above-described capital requirements, the Economic Growth Act directed the federal bank regulators to establish, for qualifying insured depository institutions with under $10.0 billion in assets, a community bank leverage ratio. Qualifying institutions may elect to replace the applicable risk-based capital requirements under Basel III with the community bank leverage ratio test. Qualifying institutions that satisfy the community bank leverage ratio will automatically be deemed to be "well capitalized," although the regulators retain the flexibility to determine that the institution may not qualify for the community bank leverage ratio test based on the institution’s overall risk profile. On September 17, 2019, the FDIC and other bank regulators passed a final rule on the community bank leverage ratio, setting the minimum required community bank leverage ratio at 9.0% (calculated as Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets). The rule will go into effect on January 1, 2020, and until such time, the capital requirements as described in the preceding paragraphs remain in effect. The Bank has not yet determined whether it will elect to use the community bank leverage ratio to measure its capital adequacy following the time that the new rule becomes effective.

Capital amounts and ratios as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 for the Bank are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):



					Regulatory Requirements
	Actual				Minimum To Be Adequately Capitalized				Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisons
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Red River Bank
September 30, 2019:
Total Risk-Based Capital	$	231,164	15.95	%	$	115,979	8.00	%	$	152,223	10.50	%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital	$	217,258	14.99	%	$	86,984	6.00	%	$	123,228	8.50	%
Common Equity Tier I Capital	$	217,258	14.99	%	$	65,238	4.50	%	$	101,482	7.00	%
Tier I Leverage Capital	$	217,258	11.39	%	$	76,314	4.00	%	$	95,392	5.00	%

December 31, 2018:
Total Risk-Based Capital	$	211,240	15.66	%	$	107,912	8.00	%	$	133,204	9.88	%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital	$	198,716	14.73	%	$	80,934	6.00	%	$	106,226	7.88	%
Common Equity Tier I Capital	$	198,716	14.73	%	$	60,701	4.50	%	$	85,993	6.38	%
Tier I Leverage Capital	$	198,716	10.76	%	$	73,874	4.00	%	$	92,343	5.00	%

As a general matter, bank holding companies are subject to capital adequacy requirements under applicable Federal Reserve regulations. However, bank holding companies which qualify as "small bank holding companies" under the Federal Reserve's Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement are exempt from the Federal Reserve's capital adequacy guidelines at the holding company level. In May 2018, the Economic Growth Act was enacted, and it increased the asset threshold for "small bank holding companies" from $1.0 billion to $3.0 billion. Because the Company has less than $3.0 billion in assets, it is no longer subject to capital adequacy guidelines on a consolidated basis. Although the minimum regulatory capital requirements are no longer applicable to the Company, the Company calculates these ratios for its own planning and monitoring purposes.

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Capital amounts and ratios as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 for the Company are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):



	Actual
	Amount		Ratio
Red River Bancshares, Inc.
September 30, 2019:
Total Risk-Based Capital	$	257,475	17.76	%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital	$	243,569	16.80	%
Common Equity Tier I Capital	$	243,569	16.80	%
Tier I Leverage Capital	$	243,569	12.77	%

December 31, 2018:
Total Risk-Based Capital	$	223,187	16.55	%
Tier I Risk-Based Capital	$	210,663	15.62	%
Common Equity Tier I Capital	$	199,663	14.80	%
Tier I Leverage Capital	$	210,663	11.40	%


8.	Equity Events

IPO

The Company's common stock began trading on May 3, 2019 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "RRBI." On May 7, 2019, the Company completed an IPO of its common stock at a public offering price of $45.00 per share. A total of 690,000 shares of the Company's common stock were sold in the IPO, of which the Company sold 663,320 shares (including 90,000 shares sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares) and certain shareholders sold 26,680 shares. The Company received net proceeds of $26.8 million in the offering.

Cash Dividends

As a Louisiana corporation, the Company is subject to certain restrictions on dividends under the Louisiana Business Corporation Act. Generally, a Louisiana corporation may pay dividends to its shareholders unless, after giving effect to the dividend, either: (1) the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they come due in the usual course of business; or (2) the corporation’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities and the amount that would be needed, if the corporation were to be dissolved at the time of the payment of the dividend, to satisfy the preferential rights of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the dividend. The Company's status as a bank holding company also affects its ability to pay dividends in two additional ways. First, since the Company is a holding company with no material business activities of its own, its ability to pay dividends could become dependent upon the ability of Red River Bank to transfer funds to it in the form of dividends, loans, and advances. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends and make other distributions and payments to the Company is itself subject to various legal, regulatory, and other restrictions, and the present and future dividend policy of Red River Bank is subject to the discretion of its

board of directors. Second, as a bank holding company, the Company's payment of dividends must comply with the laws, regulations, and policies of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has issued a supervisory letter on the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies, which expresses the Federal Reserve’s view that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that: (1) the holding company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of any dividends previously paid during that period, is sufficient to fully fund the dividends; (2) the prospective rate of earnings retention is consistent with the bank holding company’s capital needs, asset quality, and overall financial condition; and (3) the bank holding company will continue to meet, and is not in danger of failing to meet, minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios.

The ability of Red River Bank to pay dividends on its common stock is restricted by Louisiana Banking Law, the FDIA, and by FDIC regulations. In general, the board of directors of a Louisiana state bank may, quarterly, semiannually, or annually, declare or pay dividends on its outstanding capital stock, provided that the bank has surplus at least equal to 50.0% of its capital stock and such surplus will not be reduced below 50.0% following payment of the dividend. Prior approval of the Louisiana Office of Financial Institutions is required for a Louisiana state bank to pay any dividend that would exceed its net profits earned during the current year combined with its retained net profits of the immediately preceding year. In general terms, the FDIA and FDIC regulations restrict the payment of dividends when a bank is undercapitalized, when a bank has failed to pay insurance assessments, or when there are safety and soundness concerns regarding a bank.

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The Bank and the Company have internal policies to not ordinarily pay dividends if following the payment, the entity would not be “well capitalized” under all applicable measurement ratios calculated pursuant to the regulatory capital adequacy guidelines. The exception to this policy is in situations where the payment of a dividend is necessary for the Company to be able to meet its obligations and as long as after such payment the Bank would still be considered “adequately capitalized” under the regulatory capital adequacy guidelines.

Taking into consideration the Company's performance and capital levels, dividends were paid in both 2018 and 2019. In May 2018, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.15 per share, adjusted for the 2018 2-for-1 stock split, to shareholders of record as of March 31, 2018. In February 2019, the Company paid a cash dividend of $0.20 per share to shareholders of record as of January 31, 2019.

Stock split

In 2018, the Board of Directors authorized a 2-for-1 stock split that was accomplished by a stock dividend with a record date of October 1, 2018, whereby each holder of record of the Company's common stock received one additional share of common stock for each share owned as of such date. This transaction is referred to in this report as the 2018 2-for-1 stock split.


9.	Earnings Per Common Share

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, after giving retroactive effect to stock splits. Diluted EPS includes accrued but unissued shares relating to the Director Compensation Program, stock options, and restricted stock using the treasury stock method. The dilutive EPS calculation assumes all outstanding stock options to purchase common stock have been exercised at the beginning of the year and the pro forma proceeds from the exercised options and restricted stock are used to purchase common stock at the average fair market valuation price.

The computations of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the Company were as follows (in thousands, except share amounts):



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Numerator:
Net income - basic	$	6,847	$	6,142	$	18,081	$	16,905
Net income - diluted	$	6,847	$	6,142	$	18,081	$	16,905

Denominator:⁽¹⁾
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	7,304,273		6,732,886		6,993,990		6,726,487
Plus: Effect of Director Compensation Program	330		447		1,529		1,730
Plus: Effect of stock options and restricted stock	35,895		34,838		36,540		35,572
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	7,340,498		6,768,171		7,032,059		6,763,789

Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.94	$	0.91	$	2.59	$	2.51
Diluted	$	0.93	$	0.91	$	2.57	$	2.50


⁽¹⁾	2018 amounts adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The purpose of this discussion and analysis is to focus on significant changes in the financial condition of Red River Bancshares, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary, Red River Bank, from December 31, 2018 through September 30, 2019, and on our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in our Prospectus that was filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to the IPO, and information presented elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, particularly the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Item 1.

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions, or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. See

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“Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Also, see risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading “Risk Factors” included in our Prospectus filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by applicable law.

CORPORATE SUMMARY

Red River Bancshares, Inc. was founded in 1998 and is a bank holding company headquartered in Alexandria, Louisiana. Through our wholly owned subsidiary, Red River Bank, a Louisiana state-chartered bank, we provide a fully integrated suite of banking products and services tailored to the needs of our commercial and retail customers.

We operate from a network of 24 banking centers throughout Louisiana. Banking centers are located in the following markets: Central Louisiana, which includes the Alexandria MSA; Northwest Louisiana, which includes the Shreveport-Bossier City MSA; Southeast Louisiana, which includes the Baton Rouge MSA; Southwest Louisiana, which includes the Lake Charles MSA; and the Northshore, which includes Covington.

Our priority is to drive shareholder value through the establishment of a market-leading commercial banking franchise in Louisiana. We provide superior service through highly qualified, relationship-oriented bankers who are committed to their customers and the communities in which we offer our products and services. Our strategy is to expand geographically through the establishment of de novo banking centers in new markets and, to a lesser extent, through the acquisition of financial institutions with customer-oriented, compatible philosophies and in desirable geographic areas.

OVERVIEW

The third quarter of 2019 was our first full quarter of operations as a public company. In the third quarter, profitability increased with record high quarterly and year-to-date net income, the payoff of the junior subordinated debentures was completed, asset quality improved, and we opened a banking center in our newest market. As of September 30, 2019, we had assets of $1.94 billion.

We had record high net income for the quarter and year ended September 30, 2019. The third quarter net income was $6.8 million, which was $1.3 million, or 23.6%, higher compared to the second quarter of 2019, and was $705,000, or 11.5%, higher than the third quarter of 2018. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $18.1 million, an increase of $1.2 million, or 7.0%, compared to $16.9 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

As planned, a portion of the proceeds from the May 2019 IPO were used to redeem our junior subordinated debentures in June and August 2019. In August 2019, the remaining $5.2 million of the junior subordinated debentures were redeemed and the related business trust was terminated, leaving no outstanding long-term debt as of September 30, 2019. Interest expense for the junior subordinated debentures was $73,000 for the third quarter of 2019, $156,000 for the second quarter of 2019, and $150,000 for the third quarter of 2018.

The net interest margin (FTE) for the third quarter of 2019 was 3.55%. The net interest margin benefited from the payoff of the junior subordinated debentures and was partially offset by the impact from the two Federal Reserve rate decreases.

Asset quality improved in the third quarter of 2019. NPAs dropped to $8.0 million as of September 30, 2019, from $13.2 million as of June 30, 2019. The ratio of NPAs to total assets improved to 0.41% as of September 30, 2019, from 0.70% as of June 30, 2019.

In the third quarter of 2019, we continued to execute our organic growth plan in our newest market. The new Northshore market, including the city of Covington, Louisiana, is located on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain, near New Orleans, Louisiana. In April 2019, we opened a temporary loan production office in Covington. In the second and third quarters of 2019, the Northshore banking team was fully staffed and trained to provide full banking services. In late September 2019, we closed the Covington loan production office and opened a full-service banking center. As of September 30, 2019, Red River Bank had approximately $21.1 million of loans in the Northshore market.

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The following tables contain selected financial information regarding our financial position and performance as of and for the periods indicated:



	As of				Change from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019
	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Selected Period End Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets	$	1,938,854	$	1,860,588	$	78,266		4.2	%
Securities available-for-sale	341,900		307,877		34,023			11.1	%
Loans held for investment	1,413,162		1,328,438		84,724			6.4	%
Total deposits	1,676,851		1,645,583		31,268			1.9	%
Junior subordinated debentures	—		11,341		(11,341		)	(100.0	)%
Total stockholders’ equity	245,389		193,703		51,686			26.7	%

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	As of and for the three months ended									As of and for the nine months ended
	September 30,			June 30,			September 30,			September 30,			September 30,
	2019			2019			2018			2019			2018
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net Income	$	6,847		$	5,538		$	6,142		$	18,081		$	16,905

Per Common Share Data:⁽¹⁾
Earnings per share, basic	$	0.94		$	0.79		$	0.91		$	2.59		$	2.51
Earnings per share, diluted	$	0.93		$	0.78		$	0.91		$	2.57		$	2.50
Book value per share	$	33.59		$	32.59		$	28.09		$	33.59		$	28.09
Tangible book value per share	$	33.37		$	32.38		$	27.86		$	33.37		$	27.86
Cash dividends per share	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	0.20		$	0.15
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	7,304,273			7,037,834			6,732,886			6,993,990			6,726,487
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	7,340,498			7,074,769			6,768,171			7,032,059			6,763,789

Summary Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets	1.42		%	1.18		%	1.36		%	1.28		%	1.28		%
Return on average equity	11.20		%	9.92		%	12.96		%	10.91		%	12.35		%
Net interest margin	3.50		%	3.46		%	3.49		%	3.48		%	3.42		%
Net interest margin (FTE)	3.55		%	3.51		%	3.54		%	3.53		%	3.46		%
Efficiency ratio	57.75		%	62.81		%	58.12		%	60.00		%	59.48		%
Loans HFI to deposits ratio	84.27		%	85.23		%	83.04		%	84.27		%	83.04		%
Noninterest-bearing deposits to deposits ratio	36.68		%	35.30		%	35.04		%	36.68		%	35.04		%
Noninterest income to average assets	0.91		%	0.87		%	0.87		%	0.84		%	0.81		%
Operating expense to average assets	2.47		%	2.65		%	2.47		%	2.51		%	2.45		%

Summary Credit Quality Ratios:
NPAs to total assets	0.41		%	0.70		%	0.57		%	0.41		%	0.57		%
Nonperforming loans to loans HFI	0.47		%	0.87		%	0.72		%	0.47		%	0.72		%
Allowance for loan losses to loans HFI	0.98		%	0.98		%	0.92		%	0.98		%	0.92		%
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding	0.00		%	0.00		%	0.00		%	0.00		%	0.01		%

Capital Ratios:
Total stockholders’ equity to total assets	12.66		%	12.57		%	10.41		%	12.66		%	10.41		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets	12.59		%	12.50		%	10.34		%	12.59		%	10.34		%
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets	17.76		%	17.90		%	16.36		%	17.76		%	16.36		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets	16.80		%	16.95		%	15.46		%	16.80		%	15.46		%
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	16.80		%	16.60		%	14.64		%	16.80		%	14.64		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital to average assets	12.77		%	12.83		%	11.59		%	12.77		%	11.59		%


⁽¹⁾	2018 amounts adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split.

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FINANCIAL CONDITION

General

As of September 30, 2019, total assets were $1.94 billion which was $78.3 million, or 4.2%, higher than total assets of $1.86 billion as of December 31, 2018. Within total assets, compared to December 31, 2018, loans HFI increased by $84.7 million, AFS securities increased by $34.0 million, and interest-bearing deposits in other banks decreased by $44.2 million. For liabilities, compared to December 31, 2018, deposits increased $31.3 million and junior subordinated debentures decreased $11.3 million. In the second and third quarters of 2019, all of the junior subordinated debentures were completely paid off and the related trusts terminated. As of September 30, 2019, we had no outstanding long-term debt. As of September 30, 2019, the loans HFI to deposits ratio was 84.27% and the noninterest-bearing deposits to total deposits ratio was 36.68%. Stockholders' equity increased $51.7 million from December 31, 2018, mainly due to the $26.8 million of proceeds from the IPO, net of expenses and underwriting commissions and $18.1 million of net income.

Securities

Our securities portfolio is the second largest component of earning assets and provides a significant source of revenue. As of September 30, 2019, our securities portfolio was 17.8% of total assets. It is designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, generate a favorable return on investments without incurring unnecessary interest rate and credit risk, and complement our lending activities. As of September 30, 2019, all securities were classified as AFS within the portfolio. We may invest in various types of liquid assets that are permissible under governing regulations and approved by our investment policy, which include U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. government agency obligations, certificates of deposit of insured domestic banks, mortgage-backed and mortgage-related securities, corporate notes having an investment rating of "A" or better, municipal bonds, and certain equity securities.

Total securities were $345.9 million as of September 30, 2019, an increase of $34.2 million, or 11.0%, from $311.7 million as of December 31, 2018. The $345.9 million was comprised of $341.9 million in AFS securities and $4.0 million in equity securities. Investment activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, included $109.4 million of securities purchased, offset by $35.0 million in sales, $49.3 million in maturities, prepayments, and calls, and a $9.9 million increase in the unrealized net gain on securities.

In the third quarter of 2019, we sold $35.0 million of securities, consisting of a mix across various sectors, that had short-term remaining maturities. This transaction included mostly lower yielding securities, along with a few strategic higher yielding securities which also had short average lives. We were able to obtain a small gain on this transaction, and the proceeds from the sale were used to purchase mortgage-backed securities at higher yields. This realignment transaction reduced the amount of securities repricing in the short term and is expected to partially mitigate our exposure to a decreasing rate environment.

The securities portfolio tax-equivalent yield was 2.31% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to 2.17% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in yield for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period for 2018, was primarily due to purchasing $122.8 million of securities from September 30, 2018 to September 30, 2019, at higher yields than the existing portfolio yield at the time of the purchases.

The carrying values of our securities classified as AFS are adjusted for unrealized gain or loss, and any unrealized gain or loss is reported on an after-tax basis as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Equity securities, consisting of a mutual fund, are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets with periodic changes in value recorded through the consolidated statements of income. As of September 30, 2019, the net unrealized gain of the AFS securities portfolio was $347,000, or 0.1% of the total carrying value of the portfolio, as compared to a net unrealized loss of $9.5 million, or 3.0% of the total carrying value of the portfolio, as of December 31, 2018.

The fair value of our equity securities was $4.0 million as of September 30, 2019, with a recognized gain of $133,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to a fair value of $3.8 million as of December 31, 2018, with a recognized loss of $85,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Prior to the 2018 adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10), mutual fund securities were included in AFS securities.

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The following tables summarize the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our securities by type as of the dates indicated. As of September 30, 2019, other than securities issued by U.S. government agencies or government sponsored enterprises, our securities portfolio did not contain securities of any one issuer with an aggregate book value in excess of 10.0% of our stockholders’ equity.



	Amounts as of September 30, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	246,868	$	489	$	(1,225	)	$	246,132
Municipal bonds	84,660		1,298		(262		)	85,696
U.S. agency securities	10,025		61		(14		)	10,072
Total Securities AFS	$	341,553	$	1,848	$	(1,501	)	$	341,900



	Amounts as of December 31,2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	221,799	$	11	$	(7,122	)	$	214,688
Municipal bonds	70,416		94		(2,235		)	68,275
U.S. agency securities	23,170		6		(261		)	22,915
U.S. Treasury securities	1,994		5		—			1,999
Total Securities AFS	$	317,379	$	116	$	(9,618	)	$	307,877

The following tables show the fair value of AFS securities which mature during each of the periods indicated. The contractual maturity of a mortgage-backed security is the date at which the last underlying mortgage matures. The yields shown in the tables indicate tax equivalent projected book yields as of the dates indicated.



	Amounts as of September 30, 2019 which mature
	Within One Year				After One Year but Within Five Years				After Five Years but Within Ten Years				After Ten Years				Total
	Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾		Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾		Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾		Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾		Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾
	(Dollars in thousands)
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	61	2.93	%	$	21,178	1.77	%	$	36,707	1.99	%	$	188,186	2.35	%	$	246,132	2.25	%
Municipal bonds	—		—	%	12,594		2.05	%	36,405		2.73	%	36,697		3.37	%	85,696		2.90	%
U.S. agency securities	13		2.81	%	1,024		2.11	%	5,127		2.59	%	3,908		2.77	%	10,072		2.61	%
Total Securities AFS	$	74	2.91	%	$	34,796	1.88	%	$	78,239	2.37	%	$	228,791	2.52	%	$	341,900	2.42	%


⁽¹⁾	Tax equivalent projected book yield as of the date indicated.



	Amounts as of December 31, 2018 which mature
	Within One Year				After One Year but Within Five Years				After Five Years but Within Ten Years				After Ten Years				Total
	Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾		Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾		Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾		Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾		Amount		Yield⁽¹⁾
	(Dollars in thousands)
Securities AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	9	2.70	%	$	29,591	1.73	%	$	45,409	1.98	%	$	139,679	2.23	%	$	214,688	2.11	%
Municipal bonds	5,647		2.35	%	10,084		2.26	%	35,727		2.60	%	16,817		3.51	%	68,275		2.76	%
U.S. agency securities	6,934		1.44	%	9,348		2.67	%	4,670		2.53	%	1,963		2.81	%	22,915		2.28	%
U.S. treasury securities	—		—	%	1,999		2.84	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	1,999		2.84	%
Total Securities AFS	$	12,590	1.85	%	$	51,022	2.05	%	$	85,806	2.27	%	$	158,459	2.37	%	$	307,877	2.27	%


⁽¹⁾	Tax equivalent projected book yield as of the date indicated.

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Loan Portfolio

Our loan portfolio is our largest category of earning assets, and interest income earned on our loan portfolio is our primary source of income. We maintain a diversified loan portfolio with a focus on commercial real estate, one-to-four family residential, and commercial and industrial loans. As of September 30, 2019, loans HFI were $1.41 billion, an increase of $84.7 million, or 6.4%, compared to $1.33 billion as of December 31, 2018. New loan origination activity was normal for the first nine months and spread across all of our markets, with our newer markets experiencing the most growth.

Loans HFI by category and loans HFS are summarized below as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	518,286	36.7	%	$	454,689	34.2	%
One-to-four family residential	417,318		29.5	%	406,963		30.7	%
Construction and development	120,025		8.5	%	102,868		7.7	%
Commercial and industrial	266,322		18.8	%	275,881		20.8	%
Tax-exempt	57,422		4.1	%	60,104		4.5	%
Consumer	33,789		2.4	%	27,933		2.1	%
Total loans HFI	$	1,413,162	100.0	%	$	1,328,438	100.0	%
Total loans HFS	$	4,113			$	2,904

Loans to borrowers in the health care industry were 9.2% of loans HFI as of September 30, 2019, compared to 9.1% as of December 31, 2018. This group predominantly includes loans to the nursing and residential care facilities sector that were 5.1% of loans HFI as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as well as loans to the ambulatory health care services sector that were 4.0% of loans HFI as of September 30, 2019, compared to 3.9% as of December 31, 2018. Energy related credits were 2.3% of loans HFI as of September 30, 2019, compared to 2.9% as of December 31, 2018.

Nonperforming Assets

NPAs consist of nonperforming loans and property acquired through foreclosures or repossession. Nonperforming loans include loans that are contractually past due 90 days or more and loans that are on nonaccrual status. Loans are considered past due when principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments are due.

Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines that a borrower may be unable to meet future contractual payments as they become due. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, uncollected accrued interest is reversed, reducing interest income, and future interest income accrual is discontinued. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Asset quality is managed through disciplined underwriting policies, continual monitoring of loan performance, and focused management of NPAs. There can be no assurance, however, that the loan portfolio will not become subject to losses due to declines in economic conditions, deterioration in the financial condition of our borrowers, or a decline in the value of collateral.

Asset quality improved in the third quarter of 2019. NPAs as of September 30, 2019, dropped to $8.0 million compared to $13.2 million as of June 30, 2019, due to receipt of $5.1 million in payoffs on loans reported as past due in the second quarter of 2019. NPAs as of September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018, increased $827,000, or 11.6%, from $7.1 million primarily due to foreclosed real estate acquired in resolution of nonperforming loans. The ratio of NPAs to total assets improved to 0.41% as of September 30, 2019, from 0.70% as of June 30, 2019. The ratio of NPAs to total assets was 0.38% as of December 31,2018.

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Nonperforming loan and asset information is summarized below:



	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming loans:
Nonaccrual loans	$	6,347		$	5,560
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due	301			939
Total nonperforming loans	6,648			6,499
Foreclosed assets:
Real estate	1,307			646
Other	17			—
Total foreclosed assets	1,324			646
Total NPAs	$	7,972		$	7,145

Troubled debt restructurings:⁽¹⁾
Nonaccrual loans	$	3,453		$	3,540
Accruing loans 90 or more days past due	—			—
Performing loans	1,655			1,572
Total troubled debt restructurings	$	5,108		$	5,112

Nonperforming loans to loans HFI⁽¹⁾	0.47		%	0.49		%
NPAs to total assets	0.41		%	0.38		%


⁽¹⁾	Troubled debt restructurings – nonaccrual and accruing loans 90 or more days past due are included in the respective components of nonperforming loans.

Nonaccrual loans are summarized below by category:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans by category:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	$	1,949	$	1,362
One-to-four family residential	637		424
Construction and development	53		55
Commercial and industrial	3,690		3,675
Tax-exempt	—		—
Consumer	18		44
Total	$	6,347	$	5,560

Potential Problem Loans

From a credit risk standpoint, we classify loans in one of five categories: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful, or loss. Loan classifications reflect a judgment about the risk of default and loss associated with the loans. Classifications are reviewed periodically and adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss believed to be inherent in each loan. The methodology is structured so that specific reserve allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). Loans classified as pass are loans with very low to acceptable risk levels based on the borrower’s financial condition, financial trends, management strength, and collateral quality. Loans classified as special mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If these weaknesses are not corrected, repayment possibilities for the loan may deteriorate. However, the loss potential does not pose sufficient risk to warrant substandard classification.

Loans classified as substandard have well defined weaknesses which jeopardize normal repayment of principal and interest. Prompt corrective action is required to reduce exposure and to assure adequate remedial actions are taken by the borrower. If these weaknesses do not improve, loss is possible. Loans classified as doubtful have well defined

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weaknesses that make full collection improbable. Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and charged-off to the allowance for loan losses.

As of September 30, 2019, loans classified as pass were 97.4% of loans HFI and loans classified as special mention and substandard were 1.6% and 1.0%, respectively, of loans HFI. There were no loans as of September 30, 2019, classified as doubtful or loss. As of December 31, 2018, loans classified as pass were 96.7% of loans HFI and loans classified as special mention and substandard were 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively, of loans HFI. There were no loans as of December 31, 2018, classified as doubtful or loss.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s best assessment of potential loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. It is maintained at a level estimated to be adequate to absorb these potential losses through periodic charges to the provision for loan losses. The amount of the allowance for loan losses should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs in future periods will necessarily occur in those amounts, or at all.

The allowance for loan losses is established in accordance with GAAP and consists of specific and general reserves. Specific reserves relate to loans classified as impaired. Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include troubled debt restructurings and performing and nonperforming loans. Impaired loans are reviewed individually, and a specific allowance is allocated, if necessary, based on evaluation of either the fair value of the collateral underlying the loan or the present value of future cash flows calculated using the loan’s existing interest rate. General reserves relate to the remainder of the loan portfolio, including overdrawn deposit accounts, and are based on evaluation of a number of factors, such as current economic conditions, the quality and composition of the loan portfolio, loss history, and other relevant factors.

In connection with the review of the loan portfolio, risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories are considered in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements considered include:

•

for commercial real estate loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the business in excess of operating expenses compared to loan repayment requirements); operating results of the owner in the case of owner occupied properties; the loan to value ratio; the age and condition of the collateral; and the volatility of income, property value, and future operating results typical of properties of that type;


•	for one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt to income ratio and employment and income stability; the loan-to-value ratio; and the age, condition, and marketability of the collateral;


•	for construction and development loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell developed lots or improvements constructed for resale or the ability to lease property constructed for lease; the quality and nature of contracts for presale or prelease, if any; experience and ability of the developer; and the loan to value ratio; and

•

for commercial and industrial loans, the debt service coverage ratio; the operating results of the commercial, industrial, or professional enterprise; the borrower’s business, professional, and financial ability and expertise; the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category; the value, nature, and marketability of collateral; and the financial resources of the guarantor(s), if any.

When effective, the CECL allowance model, prescribed by ASU No. 2016-13, will require measurement of expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This model will replace the existing incurred loss model. As an SEC registrant with smaller reporting company filing status, CECL is effective January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this report for more information on ASU No. 2016-13.

As of September 30, 2019, the allowance for loan losses totaled $13.9 million, or 0.98% of loans HFI. As of December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan losses totaled $12.5 million, or 0.94% of loans HFI. The increase of $1.4 million was due to the nine month provision for loan losses offset by a slight net charge-off position for the period. The increase in commercial charge-offs and recoveries was primarily due to commercial deposit accounts that were charged off and subsequently recovered in the second quarter of 2019.

The provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $1.4 million, down $32,000, or 2.2%, from $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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The following table displays activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods shown:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Loans HFI	$	1,413,162		$	1,333,362
Average loans outstanding	$	1,375,129		$	1,302,848

Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	12,524		$	10,895
Provision for loan losses	1,432			1,464
Charge-offs:
Real estate:
Commercial real estate	—			(27		)
One-to-four family residential	(15		)	(4		)
Commercial and industrial	(574		)	(86		)
Consumer	(240		)	(280		)
Total charge-offs	(829		)	(397		)
Recoveries:
Real estate:
One-to-four family residential	3			153
Construction and development	88			—
Commercial and industrial	582			8
Consumer	106			126
Total recoveries	779			287
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(50		)	(110		)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	13,906		$	12,249
Allowance for loan losses to loans HFI	0.98		%	0.92		%
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding	0.00		%	0.01		%

We believe the allowance for loan losses was adequate to provide for known and inherent losses in the portfolio at all times shown above. Future provisions for loan losses are subject to ongoing evaluations of the factors and loan portfolio risks described above. A decline in market area economic conditions, deterioration of asset quality, or growth in portfolio size could cause the allowance to become inadequate and material additional provisions for loan losses could be required.

Deposits

We offer a variety of deposit products designed to attract and retain consumer, commercial, and public entity customers. These products consist of noninterest and interest-bearing checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and time deposit accounts. Deposits are gathered from individuals, partnerships, corporations, and public entities located primarily in our market areas. We do not have any internet-sourced or brokered deposits.

Total deposits increased $31.3 million, or 1.9%, to $1.68 billion as of September 30, 2019, from $1.65 billion as of December 31, 2018. Noninterest-bearing deposits increased by $67.2 million, or 12.3%, to $615.1 million due to normal fluctuations in customer account balances and adding new accounts. Noninterest-bearing deposits as a percentage of total deposits were 36.68% as of September 30, 2019, compared to 33.29% as of December 31, 2018. Interest-bearing deposits decreased by $35.9 million, or 3.3%, to $1.06 billion with the largest decrease in NOW accounts. The NOW account decrease was primarily due to public entity customers utilizing their annual funds over the year.

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The following table presents deposits by account type as of the dates indicated and the dollar and percentage change between periods:



	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018				Change from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019
	Balance		% of Total		Balance		% of Total		$ Change			% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	615,051	36.7	%	$	547,880	33.3	%	$	67,171		12.3	%
Interest-bearing deposits:
Money market accounts	352,030		21.0	%	358,575		21.8	%	(6,545		)	(1.8	)%
Time deposits <= $250,000	247,772		14.7	%	248,274		15.1	%	(502		)	(0.2	)%
Time deposits > $250,000	90,044		5.4	%	81,954		5.0	%	8,090			9.9	%
NOW accounts	268,169		16.0	%	304,545		18.5	%	(36,376		)	(11.9	)%
Savings accounts	103,785		6.2	%	104,355		6.3	%	(570		)	(0.5	)%
Total Interest-bearing deposits	$	1,061,800	63.3	%	$	1,097,703	66.7	%	$	(35,903	)	(3.3	)%
Total deposits	$	1,676,851	100.0	%	$	1,645,583	100.0	%	$	31,268		1.9	%

The following table presents deposits by customer type as of the dates indicated and the dollar and percentage change between periods:



	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018				Change from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019
	Balance		% of Total		Balance		% of Total		$ Change			% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Consumer	$	874,735	52.2	%	$	869,725	52.8	%	$	5,010		0.6	%
Commercial	683,854		40.8	%	611,903		37.2	%	71,951			11.8	%
Public	118,262		7.0	%	163,955		10.0	%	(45,693		)	(27.9	)%
Total deposits	$	1,676,851	100.0	%	$	1,645,583	100.0	%	$	31,268		1.9	%

The following table presents the maturity distribution of our time deposits of $100,000 or more as of September 30, 2019:



	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Three months or less	$	36,704
Over three months through six months	34,441
Over six months through 12 months	72,117
Over 12 months through three years	56,775
Over three years	23,079
Total	$	223,116

Junior Subordinated Debentures

The Company has been the sponsor of three wholly owned business trusts that were established for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. Prior to their redemption, the trust preferred securities accrued and paid distributions periodically at specified quarterly rates as provided in each trust agreement. The trusts used the net proceeds from each of the offerings to purchase a like amount of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures. The debentures were the sole assets of the trusts. Our obligations under the debentures and related documents, taken together, constituted a full and unconditional guarantee by us of the obligations of the trusts. Prior to redemption, a portion of these instruments qualified as Tier 1 capital under applicable regulatory capital rules. The trust preferred securities were mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the debentures, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indentures. We had the right to redeem the debentures in whole or in part on or after specific dates at a redemption price specified in the indentures governing the debentures plus any accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date. As anticipated, we used a portion of the proceeds of the IPO to fully redeem Trust II and Trust III in the second quarter of 2019 and FBT CT I in the third quarter. On June 17, 2019, we redeemed all of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by Trust III at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $3.1 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. On June 30, 2019, we redeemed all of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures

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held by Trust II at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $3.1 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption. On August 8, 2019, we redeemed all of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures held by FBT CT I at a redemption price of 100% of the outstanding principal amount of $5.2 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon through the date of redemption.

The following table is a summary of the terms of our floating rate junior subordinated debentures as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



	Issuance Date	Maturity Date	Redemption Date	Amount Outstanding September 30, 2019		Amount Outstanding December 31, 2018		Interest Rate as of the Redemption Date			Rate as of December 31, 2018
	(Dollars in thousands)
Trust II	May 28, 2003	May 28, 2033	June 30, 2019	$	—	$	3,093	5.84	%	⁽²⁾	5.65	%
Trust III	April 20, 2005	June 15, 2035	June 17, 2019	—		3,093		4.58	%	⁽³⁾	4.30	%
FBT CT I⁽¹⁾	September 4, 2003	August 8, 2033	August 8, 2019	—		5,155		5.58	%	⁽⁴⁾	5.34	%
Total				$	—	$	11,341


⁽¹⁾	On April 1, 2013, we assumed $5.2 million of floating rate junior subordinated debentures and FBT CT I in conjunction with the acquisition of Fidelity Bancorp, Inc.


⁽²⁾	The trust preferred securities had a variable rate and repriced quarterly based on three-month LIBOR plus 3.25%, with the last reprice date on March 28, 2019.


⁽³⁾	The trust preferred securities had a variable rate and repriced quarterly based on three-month LIBOR plus 1.97%, with the last reprice date on March 13, 2019.


⁽⁴⁾	The trust preferred securities had a variable rate and repriced quarterly based on three-month LIBOR plus 3.00%, with the last reprice date on April 29, 2019.

Equity and Regulatory Capital Requirements

Total stockholders’ equity as of September 30, 2019, was $245.4 million, compared to $193.7 million as of December 31, 2018, an increase of $51.7 million, or 26.7%. This increase was attributable to the $26.8 million of proceeds from the IPO, net of expenses and underwriting commissions, that was completed on May 7, 2019, net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, of $18.1 million, and a $7.8 million, net of tax, market adjustment to AOCI related to AFS securities, partially offset by $1.3 million in cash dividends.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Red River Bank was in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, and was classified as “well capitalized,” for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations. As we deploy our capital and continue to grow our operations, our capital levels may decrease depending on our level of earnings. However, we expect to monitor and control our growth in order to remain in compliance with all regulatory capital standards applicable to us. On September 17, 2019, the FDIC and other bank regulators passed a final rule on the community bank leverage ratio. The Bank has not yet determined whether it will elect to use the community bank leverage ratio to measure its capital adequacy following the time that the new rule becomes effective. Refer to Note 7 - Regulatory Capital Requirements in the notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this report for more information on this ratio.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net income for the third quarter of 2019, was $6.8 million, or $0.93 per diluted common share, an increase of $705,000, or 11.5%, compared to $6.1 million, or $0.91 per diluted common share, in the third quarter of 2018, adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split. The increase in net income was due to a $899,000 increase in net interest income, a $148,000 decrease in the provision for loan losses, a $445,000 increase in noninterest income, offset by a $704,000 increase in operating expenses. The return on assets for the third quarter of 2019 was 1.42%, compared to 1.36% for the third quarter of 2018. The return on equity was 11.20% for the third quarter of 2019 and 12.96% for the third quarter of 2018. Our efficiency ratio for the third quarter of 2019, was 57.75% compared to 58.12% for the third quarter of 2018.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $18.1 million, or $2.57 per diluted common share, an increase of $1.2 million, or 7.0%, compared to $16.9 million, or $2.50 per diluted common share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split. The increase in net income is due to a $3.5 million increase in net interest income, a $1.0 million increase in noninterest income, offset by a $3.0 million increase in operating expenses. The return on assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and for the same period in the prior year was consistent at 1.28%. The return on equity was 10.91% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 12.35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Our efficiency ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was 60.00% compared to 59.48% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin

Our operating results depend primarily on our net interest income. Fluctuations in market interest rates impact the yield on interest-earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in the amount and type of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities also impact our net interest income. To evaluate net interest income, we measure and monitor: (1) yields on loans and other interest-earning assets; (2) the costs of deposits and other funding sources; (3) net interest spread; and (4) net interest margin. Since noninterest-bearing sources of funds, such as noninterest-bearing deposits and stockholders’ equity, also fund interest-earning assets, net interest margin includes the benefit of these noninterest-bearing funding sources.

Net interest income increased by $899,000, or 5.9%, to $16.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, from $15.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Net interest income increased primarily due to a $96.4 million, or 5.6%, increase in average interest-earning assets between the third quarter of 2019 and 2018. The junior subordinated debentures were paid off in June and August 2019, eliminating the higher rate, long-term debt.

The net interest margin, on an FTE basis, was 3.55% for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 3.54% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The average yield on interest-earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2019, was 4.06%, an 11 basis point increase from 3.95% for the same period in 2018, while the average cost of deposits for the three months ended September 30, 2019, was 0.60%, 14 basis points higher than the 0.46% cost of deposits for the same period in 2018.

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The following table presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019							2018
	Average Balance Outstanding			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Balance Outstanding			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate
	(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans^(1,2)	$	1,408,146		$	16,578	4.61	%	$	1,333,720		$	15,285	4.49	%
Securities - taxable	255,846			1,352		2.11	%	270,179			1,368		2.02	%
Securities - tax-exempt	77,047			448		2.33	%	56,242			321		2.29	%
Federal funds sold	32,461			178		2.15	%	15,761			82		2.02	%
Interest-bearing balances due from banks	38,676			213		2.16	%	39,657			197		1.95	%
Nonmarketable equity securities	1,342			10		2.99	%	1,292			9		2.71	%
Investment in trusts	64			2		10.91	%	341			4		5.23	%
Total interest-earning assets	1,813,582			$	18,781	4.06	%	1,717,192			$	17,266	3.95	%
Allowance for loan losses	(13,755		)					(11,962		)
Noninterest earning assets	110,062							88,833
Total assets	$	1,909,889						$	1,794,063
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing transaction deposits	$	724,219		$	972	0.53	%	$	697,485		$	689	0.39	%
Time deposits	338,330			1,542		1.81	%	320,955			1,129		1.40	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	1,062,549			2,514		0.94	%	1,018,440			1,818		0.71	%
Junior subordinated debentures	2,129			73		13.64	%	11,341			150		5.25	%
Other borrowings	22			—		2.80	%	303			3		3.24	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,064,700			$	2,587	0.96	%	1,030,084			$	1,971	0.76	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	586,664							566,056
Accrued interest and other liabilities	16,084							9,863
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities:	602,748							575,919
Stockholders’ equity	242,441							188,060
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,909,889						$	1,794,063
Net interest income				$	16,194						$	15,295
Net interest spread						3.10	%						3.19	%
Net interest margin						3.50	%						3.49	%
Net interest margin FTE⁽³⁾						3.55	%						3.54	%
Cost of deposits						0.60	%						0.46	%
Cost of funds						0.57	%						0.46	%


⁽¹⁾	Includes average outstanding balances of loans HFS of $6.0 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


⁽²⁾	Nonaccrual loans are included as loans carrying a zero yield.


⁽³⁾	Net interest margin FTE includes an FTE adjustment using a 21% federal income tax rate on tax-exempt securities and tax-exempt loans.

Net interest income increased by $3.5 million, or 8.0%, to $47.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, from $43.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Net interest income improved as a result of a $102.4 million, or 6.1%, increase in average interest-earning assets between the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, combined with a higher net interest margin. Interest expense on the junior subordinated debentures decreased with their payoff in June and August 2019.

The net interest margin, on an FTE basis, increased seven basis points to 3.53% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, from 3.46% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 benefited from a higher interest rate environment between January and July 2019, compared to the interest rate environment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The average yield on interest-

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earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was 4.05%, a 20 basis point increase from 3.85% for the same period in 2018, while the average cost of deposits for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was 0.59%, 16 basis points higher than the 0.43% cost of deposits for the same period in 2018.

The following table presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019							2018
	Average Balance Outstanding			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Balance Outstanding			Interest Earned/ Interest Paid		Average Yield/ Rate
	(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans^(1,2)	$	1,375,129		$	48,026	4.61	%	$	1,302,848		$	43,307	4.38	%
Securities - taxable	256,618			4,074		2.12	%	281,683			4,255		2.01	%
Securities - tax-exempt	71,892			1,273		2.36	%	58,032			999		2.30	%
Federal funds sold	34,019			603		2.34	%	14,547			196		1.78	%
Interest-bearing balances due from banks	53,759			935		2.30	%	31,880			423		1.75	%
Nonmarketable equity securities	1,325			19		1.86	%	1,283			14		1.43	%
Investment in trusts	242			11		6.23	%	341			13		4.91	%
Total interest-earning assets	1,792,984			$	54,941	4.05	%	1,690,614			$	49,207	3.85	%
Allowance for loan losses	(13,267		)					(11,482		)
Noninterest earning assets	105,793							88,552
Total assets	$	1,885,510						$	1,767,684
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing transaction deposits	$	736,947		$	2,930	0.53	%	$	705,099		$	1,909	0.36	%
Time deposits	335,201			4,330		1.73	%	319,239			3,109		1.30	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	1,072,148			7,260		0.91	%	1,024,338			5,018		0.65	%
Junior subordinated debentures	8,044			385		6.39	%	11,341			410		4.83	%
Other borrowings	7			—		2.80	%	246			6		3.46	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,080,199			$	7,645	0.95	%	1,035,925			$	5,434	0.70	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	568,053							539,269
Accrued interest and other liabilities	15,756							9,439
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities:	583,809							548,708
Stockholders’ equity	221,502							183,051
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,885,510						$	1,767,684
Net interest income				$	47,296						$	43,773
Net interest spread						3.10	%						3.15	%
Net interest margin						3.48	%						3.42	%
Net interest margin FTE⁽³⁾						3.53	%						3.46	%
Cost of deposits						0.59	%						0.43	%
Cost of funds						0.57	%						0.43	%


⁽¹⁾	Includes average outstanding balances of loans HFS of $4.1 million and $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


⁽²⁾	Nonaccrual loans are included as loans carrying a zero yield.


⁽³⁾	Net interest margin FTE includes an FTE adjustment using a 21% federal income tax rate on tax-exempt securities and tax-exempt loans.

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Rate/Volume Analysis

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. It distinguishes between the changes related to outstanding balances and those due to changes in interest rates. The change in interest attributable to rate has been determined by applying the change in rate between periods to average balances outstanding in the earlier period. The change in interest due to volume has been determined by applying the rate from the earlier period to the change in average balances outstanding between periods. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated to rate.



	For the Three Months Ended									For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019 vs 2018									September 30, 2019 vs 2018
	Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in						Total Increase			Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in					Total Increase
	Volume			Rate			(Decrease)			Volume			Rate		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	789		$	504		$	1,293		$	2,381		$	2,338	$	4,719
Securities - taxable	(98		)	82			(16		)	(474		)	293		(181		)
Securities - tax-exempt	119			8			127			239			35		274
Federal funds sold	86			10			96			263			144		407
Interest-bearing balances due from banks	(7		)	23			16			283			229		512
Nonmarketable equity securities	—			1			1			—			5		5
Investment in trusts	(4		)	2			(2		)	(4		)	2		(2		)
Total interest income	$	885		$	630		$	1,515		$	2,688		$	3,046	$	5,734
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing transaction deposits	$	24		$	259		$	283		$	77		$	944	$	1,021
Time deposits	65			348			413			162			1,059		1,221
Total interest-bearing deposits	89			607			696			239			2,003		2,242
Junior subordinated debentures	(122		)	45			(77		)	(119		)	94		(25		)
Other borrowings	(2		)	(1		)	(3		)	(6		)	—		(6		)
Total interest expense	$	(35	)	$	651		$	616		$	114		$	2,097	$	2,211
Increase (decrease) in net interest income	$	920		$	(21	)	$	899		$	2,574		$	949	$	3,523

Provision for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses is a charge to income necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level considered appropriate by management. Factors impacting the provision include loan portfolio growth, changes in the quality and composition of the loan portfolio, the level of nonperforming loans, delinquency and charge-off trends, and current economic conditions.

The provision for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2019, was $378,000, a decrease of $148,000, or 28.1%, from $526,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $1.4 million, a decrease of $32,000, or 2.2%, from $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The provision for loan losses decreased during the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of improved asset quality.

The allowance for loan losses to loans HFI was 0.98% as of September 30, 2019, compared to 0.92% as of September 30, 2018.

Noninterest Income

Our primary sources of noninterest income are service charges on deposit accounts, debit card fees, fees related to the sale of mortgage loans, brokerage income from advisory services, and other loan and deposit fees. Noninterest income increased $445,000 to $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in noninterest income was mainly due to higher mortgage loan income,

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higher brokerage income, and to a change in equity securities mark-to-market valuation. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in other income.

Noninterest income increased $1.0 million to $11.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in noninterest income was due to higher mortgage loan income, a change in equity securities mark-to-market valuation, higher loan and deposit income, higher brokerage income, and higher other income. These increases were partially offset by lower deposit service charge income.

The table below presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:



	For the Three Months Ended										For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,										September 30,
	2019		2018			Increase (Decrease)					2019		2018			Increase (Decrease)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	1,195	$	1,162		$	33		2.8	%	$	3,304	$	3,486		$	(182	)	(5.2	)%
Debit card income, net	833		786			47			6.0	%	2,314		2,254			60			2.7	%
Mortgage loan income	1,014		623			391			62.8	%	2,186		1,675			511			30.5	%
Brokerage income	561		469			92			19.6	%	1,552		1,395			157			11.3	%
Loan and deposit income	404		346			58			16.8	%	1,131		943			188			19.9	%
Bank-owned life insurance income	137		139			(2		)	(1.4	)%	407		415			(8		)	(1.9	)%
Gain (Loss) on equity securities	30		(30		)	60			200.0	%	133		(122		)	255			209.0	%
Gain (Loss) on sale of investments	5		(9		)	14			155.6	%	5		32			(27		)	(84.4	)%
Other income	207		455			(248		)	(54.5	)%	749		686			63			9.2	%
Total Noninterest Income	$	4,386	$	3,941		$	445		11.3	%	$	11,781	$	10,764		$	1,017		9.4	%

Mortgage loan income increased $391,000 to $1.0 million for the third quarter of 2019, compared to the same quarter prior year and increased $511,000 to $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in both periods was a result of increased demand for new and refinanced mortgage loans due to a lower mortgage interest rate environment and a higher dollar amount of mortgage loans closed.

Brokerage income increased $92,000 for the third quarter of 2019, compared to the third quarter of 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, brokerage income increased $157,000 to $1.6 million compared to $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Red River Bank's investment group has experienced incremental revenue growth over the last 12 months.

The gain or loss on equity securities is a mark-to-market adjustment primarily driven by a change in the interest rate environment. Due to fluctuations in market rates between periods, equity securities had a mark-to-market gain of $30,000 for third quarter of 2019, compared to a $30,000 loss for the third quarter of 2018, and a mark-to-market gain of $133,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to a $122,000 loss for the same period in 2018.

Loan and deposit income increased $188,000 to $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018. Approximately $141,000 was attributed to higher credit card income due to a larger number of credit cards outstanding and more credit card transaction volume in 2019.

Other income decreased $248,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same quarter prior year. This reduction related to a $211,000 decrease in gain on other real estate owned and a $51,000 decrease in distributions from an SBIC limited partnership of which Red River Bank is a member.

Other income increased $63,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The improvement in other income was mainly due to a $266,000 increase in distributions and dividends from an SBIC limited partnership of which Red River Bank is a member, which was partially offset by a $239,000 decrease in gain on other real estate owned.

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Service charges on deposit accounts decreased $182,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period prior year. The decrease is mainly due to a system change relating to overdraft processing on electronic transactions that was made in late 2018 which was partially offset by new deposit fees implemented in June 2019.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses are composed of all employee expenses and costs associated with operating our facilities, obtaining and retaining customer relationships, and providing services. Operating expenses increased $704,000 to $11.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $11.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in operating expenses was mainly due to higher personnel expense and other taxes expense, offset by the lack of an FDIC insurance assessment in the third quarter of 2019.

Operating expenses increased $3.0 million to $35.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $32.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in operating expenses were primarily a result of higher personnel, occupancy, loan and deposit, advertising, and other taxes, partially offset by the lack of an FDIC insurance assessment in the third quarter of 2019.

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of operating expenses:



	For the Three Months Ended									For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,									September 30,
	2019		2018		Increase (Decrease)					2019		2018		Increase (Decrease)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Personnel expenses	$	7,007	$	6,625	$	382		5.8	%	$	20,652	$	19,255	$	1,397		7.3	%
Non-staff expenses:
Occupancy and equipment expenses	1,199		1,152		47			4.1	%	3,708		3,313		395			11.9	%
Technology expenses	595		507		88			17.4	%	1,697		1,549		148			9.6	%
Advertising	216		193		23			11.9	%	821		579		242			41.8	%
Other business development expenses	266		303		(37		)	(12.2	)%	827		850		(23		)	(2.7	)%
Data processing expense	479		437		42			9.6	%	1,420		1,257		163			13.0	%
Other taxes	425		325		100			30.8	%	1,234		1,016		218			21.5	%
Loan and deposit expenses	285		242		43			17.8	%	901		644		257			39.9	%
Legal and professional expenses	436		382		54			14.1	%	1,138		1,050		88			8.4	%
Other operating expenses	977		1,015		(38		)	(3.7	)%	3,049		2,924		125			4.3	%
Total operating expenses	$	11,885	$	11,181	$	704		6.3	%	$	35,447	$	32,437	$	3,010		9.3	%

Personnel expenses increased $382,000 to $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018, and increased $1.4 million to $20.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, we had 323 and 318 full-time equivalent employees, respectively, with an increase of five full-time equivalent employees. The increase in personnel related to an increase in back office staff to support increasing volumes and to prepare to operate as a public company, as well as personnel for the Covington area which opened as a full-service banking center in the third quarter of 2019. Also, revenue-based commission compensation increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same periods in 2018, due to higher mortgage and brokerage income.

Occupancy and equipment expenses increased $395,000 to $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was due to banking location improvements and expansion throughout Louisiana. In the second quarter of 2018, a small LPO in the Southwest (Lake Charles) market was closed and replaced with a larger banking center location resulting in higher occupancy expenses in 2019. In 2019, we expanded the market headquarters building in the Southeast (Baton Rouge) market, providing a central office for commercial, mortgage, investment, and private banking department operations. In the second quarter of 2019, we opened an LPO in a new market, Northshore (Covington, Louisiana), resulting in higher occupancy expenses.

Advertising expense increased $242,000 to $821,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was due to more media campaigns and marketing events in our newer markets in the second quarter of 2019.

Other taxes increased $100,000 to $425,000 for the third quarter of 2019, as compared to the third quarter of 2018, and increased $218,000 to $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the nine months

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ended September 30, 2018. The increase in both periods was due to higher State of Louisiana bank stock tax. Bank stock tax increased due to having higher deposit account balances and higher net income for the applicable tax years.

Loan and deposit expenses increased $257,000 to $901,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the first nine months of 2018. The increase was primarily a result of incurring approximately $87,000 of nonrecurring loan development expenses in the second quarter of 2019, $54,000 higher credit card expenses related to a larger number of credit cards outstanding and more credit card transaction volume in 2019, and $42,000 lower reimbursement of collection expenses related to receiving payoffs of past due loans in 2019. Additionally, the nine months ended September 30, 2018, benefited from the receipt of a $71,000 negotiated rebate from a vendor, resulting in lower loan and deposit expenses during that period.

FDIC insurance assessment expense is included in other operating expenses. The Bank was notified by the FDIC that it did not have an FDIC insurance assessment for the third quarter of 2019. Therefore, no FDIC insurance assessment expense was incurred for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $121,000 for the second quarter of 2019 and $134,000 for the third quarter of 2018. The FDIC insurance assessment expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $250,000 compared to $396,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Income Tax Expense

The amount of income tax expense is influenced by the amounts of our pre-tax income, tax-exempt income, and other nondeductible expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates in effect for the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.

Our effective income tax rates have differed from the U.S. statutory rate due to the effect of tax-exempt income from loans, securities and life insurance policies, and the income tax effects associated with stock-based compensation.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense totaled $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Our effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were 17.7% and 18.4%, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense totaled $4.1 million and $3.7 million, respectively. Our effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were 18.5% and 18.1%, respectively.

LIQUIDITY AND ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT

Liquidity

Liquidity involves our ability to raise funds to support asset growth and potential acquisitions or to reduce assets to meet deposit withdrawals and other payment obligations, to maintain reserve requirements, and otherwise to operate on an ongoing basis and manage unexpected events. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and the year ended December 31, 2018, liquidity needs were primarily met by core deposits, security and loan maturities, and cash flows from amortizing security and loan portfolios. In addition, we used a portion of the proceeds received in the IPO to redeem our junior subordinated debentures. For more information on these redemptions, see "Financial Condition - Junior Subordinated Debentures."

Our primary source of funds is deposits, and our primary use of funds is the funding of loans. Our securities portfolio is another alternative source for meeting liquidity needs. Securities generate cash flow through principal payments and maturities, and they generally have readily available markets that allow for their conversion to cash. As of September 30, 2019, AFS securities totaled $341.9 million compared to $307.9 million as of December 31, 2018. Additionally, we maintain four federal funds lines of credit with commercial banks that provided for the availability to borrow up to an aggregate of $95.0 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. There were no outstanding funds under these lines of credit as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. Other sources available for meeting liquidity needs include FHLB advances as well as repurchase agreements. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our net borrowing capacity from the FHLB was $584.5 million and $427.6 million, respectively. We had no borrowings from the FHLB, and we had not utilized any repurchase agreements, as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

Our average total loans increased $63.1 million or 4.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to average total loans for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Our average deposits increased $65.1 million, or 4.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the average deposits for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018.

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As of September 30, 2019, we had $272.3 million in outstanding commitments to extend credit and $12.7 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby letters of credit. As of December 31, 2018, we had $231.5 million in outstanding commitments to extend credit and $11.6 million in commitments associated with outstanding standby letters of credit. As commitments associated with letters of credit and commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the total outstanding commitments may not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and the year ended December 31, 2018, we had no exposure to known future cash requirements or capital expenditures of a material nature. As of September 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $106.3 million compared to $151.9 million as of December 31, 2018. The decrease of $45.6 million, or 30.0%, was primarily due to funding of loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk

As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset-liability management policies provide management with guidelines for effective funds management, and we have established a measurement system for monitoring our net interest rate sensitivity position.

Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by Red River Bank’s Asset-Liability Management Committee. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk and monitors the results of those strategies. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on both earnings and capital given the current outlook on interest rates, regional economies, liquidity, business strategies, and other related factors.

On a quarterly basis, we run various simulation models including a static balance sheet and dynamic growth balance sheet. These models test the impact on net interest income and fair value of equity from changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. Under the static and dynamic growth models, rates are shocked instantaneously and ramped rates change over a 12-month and 24-month horizon based upon parallel yield curve shifts. Parallel shock scenarios assume instantaneous and parallel movements in the yield curve compared to a flat yield curve scenario. Our nonparallel rate shock model involves analysis of interest income and expense under various changes in the shape of the yield curve.

Internal policy regarding interest rate risk simulations performed by our risk model currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated net interest income at risk for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 10.0% for a 100 basis point shift and 15.0% for a 200 basis point shift. Internal policy regarding economic value at risk simulations currently specifies that for instantaneous parallel shifts of the yield curve, estimated fair value of equity for the subsequent one-year period should not decline by more than 20.0% for a 100 basis point shift and 25.0% for a 200 basis point shift.

The following table shows the impact of an instantaneous and parallel change in rates, at the levels indicated, and summarizes the simulated change in net interest income and fair value of equity over a 12-month horizon as of the dates indicated.



	As of September 30, 2019				As of December 31, 2018
	% Change in Net Interest Income		% Change in Fair Value of Equity		% Change in Net Interest Income		% Change in Fair Value of Equity
Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)
+300	18.5	%	8.7	%	19.2	%	7.1	%
+200	12.7	%	7.0	%	12.9	%	5.1	%
+100	6.6	%	4.5	%	6.6	%	3.0	%
Base	0.0	%	0.0	%	0.0	%	0.0	%
-100	(7.2	)%	(9.7	)%	(6.6	)%	(5.0	)%
-200	(11.9	)%	(22.0	)%	(14.6	)%	(13.4	)%

The results above, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, demonstrate that our balance sheet is asset sensitive. The impact of our floating rate loans and floating rate transaction deposits are reflected in the results shown in the above table. As of September 30, 2019, floating rate loans were 16.0% of the loan portfolio and floating rate transaction deposits were 6.8% of interest-bearing transaction deposits.

The assumptions incorporated into the model are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes, as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. Certain financial measures used by management to evaluate our operating performance are discussed in this report as supplemental non-GAAP performance measures. In accordance with the SEC’s rules, we classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the U.S. in the statements of income, balance sheets, or statements of cash flows. Non-GAAP financial measures do not include operating and other statistical measures or ratios or statistical measures calculated using exclusively either financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, operating measures or other measures that are not non-GAAP financial measures, or both.

The non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this report should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate the non-GAAP financial measures that are discussed in this report may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names. It is important to understand how such other banking organizations calculate and name their financial measures similar to the non-GAAP financial measures discussed in this report when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures.

We provide these measures in addition to, not as a substitute for, net income and earnings per share, which are reported in adherence to GAAP. Management and the board of directors review tangible book value per share and tangible common equity to tangible assets as part of managing operating performance. We believe that these non-GAAP performance measures, while not substitutes for GAAP net income, earnings per share, and total expenses, are useful for both management and investors when evaluating underlying operating and financial performance and its available resources.

Tangible Book Value Per Common Share. Tangible book value per common share is a non-GAAP measure commonly used by analysts and investors to evaluate financial institutions. We believe that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in changes from period to period in book value per common share exclusive of changes in intangible assets. We calculate tangible book value per common share as total stockholders’ equity, less intangible assets, divided by the outstanding number of shares of our common stock at the end of the relevant period. Intangible assets have the effect of increasing total book value while not increasing tangible book value. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible book value per common share is book value per common share.

Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets. Tangible common equity to tangible assets is a non-GAAP measure generally used by investors, financial analysts, and investment bankers to evaluate financial institutions. We believe that this measure is important to many investors in the marketplace who are interested in the relative changes from period to period of tangible common equity to tangible assets, each exclusive of changes in intangible assets. Intangible assets have the effect of increasing both total stockholders’ equity and assets while not increasing our tangible common equity or tangible assets. We calculate tangible common equity as total stockholders’ equity, less intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, and we calculate tangible assets as total assets, less intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible common equity to tangible assets is total common stockholders’ equity to total assets.

As a result of previous acquisitions, we have a small amount of intangible assets. As of September 30, 2019, total intangible assets were $1.5 million, which is less than 1.0% of total assets.

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The following table reconciles, as of the dates set forth below, stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity, and assets to tangible assets, and presents related resulting ratios.



	September 30,			June 30,			September 30,
	2019			2019			2018
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Tangible common equity
Total stockholders' equity	$	245,389		$	237,911		$	189,131
Adjustments:
Intangible assets	(1,546		)	(1,546		)	(1,546		)
Total tangible common equity	$	243,843		$	236,365		$	187,585
Common shares outstanding⁽¹⁾	7,306,221			7,300,246			6,733,848
Book value per common share	$	33.59		$	32.59		$	28.09
Tangible book value per common share	$	33.37		$	32.38		$	27.86

Tangible assets
Total assets	$	1,938,854		$	1,892,918		$	1,816,296
Adjustments:
Intangible assets	(1,546		)	(1,546		)	(1,546		)
Total tangible assets	$	1,937,308		$	1,891,372		$	1,814,750
Total stockholder's equity to assets	12.66		%	12.57		%	10.41		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets	12.59		%	12.50		%	10.34		%


⁽¹⁾	September 30, 2018 amount adjusted to give effect to the 2018 2-for-1 stock split.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are presented in the Company’s Prospectus that was filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to its IPO under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition - Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk.” Additional information as of September 30, 2019, is included herein under Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Financial Condition - Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk.”

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed by the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the third quarter of 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company, including its subsidiaries, may become involved in various legal matters arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, neither the Company, nor any of its subsidiaries, is involved in any legal proceeding the resolution of which is expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. However, one or more unfavorable outcomes in any claim or litigation against the Company or its subsidiaries could have a material adverse effect for the period in which they are resolved. In addition, regardless of their merits or ultimate outcomes, such matters are costly, divert management’s attention, and may materially and adversely affect the reputation of the Company or its subsidiaries, even if resolved favorably.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For information regarding risk factors that could affect the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations, see the information under the heading "Risk Factors" in the Company's Prospectus that was filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, relating to its IPO. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Prospectus.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and the Use of Proceeds

On May 7, 2019, the Company sold 663,320 new shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $45.00 per share in its IPO, including 90,000 shares sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in the offering. The offer and sale of shares in the IPO were registered under the Securities Act pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-230798), which the SEC declared effective on May 2, 2019. FIG Partners, LLC and Stephens Inc. acted as underwriters. The offering commenced on May 3, 2019 and did not terminate until the sale of all of the shares offered. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from the Company’s IPO as described in the Company's Prospectus filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019, pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules



NUMBER		DESCRIPTION
3.1		Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 10, 2019)
3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 10, 2019)
10.1		Red River Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors of Red River Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
10.2		Red River Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries Deferred Compensation Plan for Senior Management Employees of Red River Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
		The other instruments defining the rights of the long-term debt securities of the Registrant and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to section (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the SEC upon request.
31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
32.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101		The following financial information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 is formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity, (v) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
*		Filed herewith
**		These exhibits are furnished herewith and shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.




	RED RIVER BANCSHARES, INC.

Date: November 14, 2019	By:	/s/ R. Blake Chatelain
		R. Blake Chatelain
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 14, 2019	By:	/s/ Isabel V. Carriere
		Isabel V. Carriere, CPA, CGMA
		Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)