NWPX Northwest Pipe Co

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are expressed in United States Dollars and include the accounts of Northwest Pipe Company (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control as of the financial statement date. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The Company produces high-quality engineered steel water pipe, precast and reinforced concrete products, Permalok® steel casing pipe, bar-wrapped concrete cylinder pipe, as well as custom linings, coatings, joints, and one of the largest offerings of fittings and specialized components in North America. The Company provides solution-based products for a wide range of markets including water transmission and infrastructure, water and wastewater plant piping, structural stormwater and sewer systems, trenchless technology, and pipeline rehabilitation. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer, evaluates performance of the Company and makes decisions regarding allocation of resources based on total Company results. Therefore, the Company has determined that it operates in one segment, Water Infrastructure.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The financial information as of December 31, 2019 is derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“2019 Form 10-K”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments necessary (which are of a normal and recurring nature) for the fair statement of the results of the interim periods presented. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

Certain amounts from the prior year financial statements have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year presentation.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2020, particularly in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID‑19") and its effects on the domestic and global economies.

The Company recorded revenue of $1.2 million during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018, which should have been recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2019. The misstatement in the timing of revenue recognition was due to an error in the measurement of costs incurred to date relative to estimated total direct costs at a recently acquired Ameron Water Transmission Group, LLC facility. Management concluded that this out of period adjustment was not material to the consolidated financial results for the year ended December 31, 2019.

On January 31, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of Geneva Pipe Company, Inc. (“Geneva”) for a purchase price of approximately $49.4 million in cash, subject to a post-closing adjustment based on changes in net working capital. Geneva is a concrete pipe and precast concrete products manufacturer based in Utah. This acquisition expanded the Company’s water infrastructure product capabilities by adding additional reinforced concrete pipe capacity and a full line of precast concrete products including storm drains and manholes, catch basins, vaults, and curb inlets as well as innovative lined products that extend the life of concrete pipe and manholes for sewer applications. Operations have continued with Geneva's previous management and workforce at the three Utah manufacturing facilities located in Salt Lake City, Orem, and St. George. Consistent with prior periods and considering the chief operating decision maker's evaluation of post-acquisition performance is based on total Company results, the Company will continue to report as one segment.

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration and preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 31, 2020 (in thousands):

The purchase consideration for this business combination was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition date, with the remaining unallocated purchase consideration recorded as goodwill. The asset and liability fair value measurements primarily related to inventories, property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, identifiable intangible assets, goodwill, and deferred income taxes, are preliminary and subject to change as additional information is obtained. The purchase price allocation will be finalized as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but not later than one year following the acquisition date.

The following table summarizes the components of the intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives:

Goodwill arose from the acquisition of an assembled workforce, expansion of product offerings, and management’s industry know-how. The Company does not expect the goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes.

The Company incurred transaction costs associated with this acquisition of $2.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020. These transaction costs are included in Selling, general, and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Geneva operations contributed net sales of $8.0 million to the Company’s continuing operations for the period from January 31, 2020 to March 31, 2020. It is impracticable to determine the effect on net income as a substantial portion of Geneva has been integrated into the Company’s ongoing operations.

The following unaudited pro forma summary presents the consolidated results of the Company as if the acquisition of Geneva had occurred on January 1 of the year prior to the acquisition (in thousands):

This unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data is included only for the purpose of illustration and does not necessarily indicate what the operating results would have been if the acquisition had occurred on January 1 of the year prior to the acquisition. Moreover, this information is not indicative of what the Company’s future operating results will be. The information prior to the acquisition is included based on prior accounting records maintained by Geneva. The pro forma amounts have been calculated after applying the Company’s accounting policies and adjusting the results of Geneva to reflect the additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property and equipment and intangible assets had been applied on January 1 of the year prior to the acquisition. Adjustments also include an increase of interest expense as if the Company’s debt obtained in connection with the acquisition had been outstanding since January 1 of the year prior to the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information includes non-recurring adjustments to remove transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition. The provision for income taxes has also been adjusted for all periods, based upon the foregoing adjustments to historical results.

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the assigned fair values of the assets and liabilities assumed in conjunction with an acquisition. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually at December 31. In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances indicate that it is more-likely-than-not (more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. When performing a qualitative assessment, the Company evaluates factors such as industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, and other relevant entity specific events and changes. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if the Company chooses not to perform the qualitative assessment, then a quantitative assessment is performed to determine the reporting unit’s fair value. If the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized for the amount of the excess of the carrying amount over the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

In addition to the annual impairment test, the Company is required to regularly assess whether a triggering event has occurred which would require interim impairment testing. The Company considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions surrounding the COVID‑19 pandemic and its impact on the Company as well as the current market capitalization and forecasts. The Company determined that a triggering event has not occurred which would require an interim impairment test to be performed.

As of March 31, 2020, intangible assets increased due to the acquisition of Geneva. See Note 2, "Business Combination" for additional information related to this transaction.

Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives ranging from eleven months to fifteen years. The estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

The Company’s Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”) dated October 25, 2018 (“Credit Agreement”), as amended on January 31, 2020 by the Consent and Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo (collectively the “Amended Credit Agreement”) provides for a term loan, as well as letters of credit and revolving loans in the aggregate amount of up to $74 million, subject to a borrowing base (“Revolver Commitment”). The borrowing base is calculated by applying various advance rates to eligible accounts receivable, contract assets, inventories, and equipment, subject to various exclusions, adjustments, and sublimits. The Amended Credit Agreement will expire on October 25, 2024.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default, and indemnification provisions in favor of the lender. The negative covenants include restrictions regarding the incurrence of liens and indebtedness and certain acquisitions and dispositions of assets and other matters, all subject to certain exceptions. The Amended Credit Agreement also requires the Company to regularly provide financial information to Wells Fargo and to maintain a Senior Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) not greater than 3.00 and a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of at least 1.10 to 1.00. The Company was in compliance with its financial covenants as of March 31, 2020.

The Company's obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in certain real property owned by the Company and its subsidiaries and substantially all of Company’s and its subsidiaries’ other assets.

Line of Credit

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had no outstanding revolving loan borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement and additional revolving loan borrowing capacity of $60.4 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement. Revolving loan borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at rates related to the daily three month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 1.5% to 2.0%. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the weighted-average interest rate for outstanding revolving loan borrowings was 3.04% and 3.43% respectively. The Amended Credit Agreement provides a mechanism for determining an alternative benchmark rate to the LIBOR. The Amended Credit Agreement requires the payment of an unused line fee of between 0.25% and 0.375%, based on the amount by which the Revolver Commitment exceeds the average daily balance of outstanding borrowings (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) during any month. Such fee is payable monthly in arrears.

Long-Term Debt

Pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, on March 31, 2020, the Company entered into a term loan for $15.9 million with Wells Fargo that matures on October 25, 2024 and bears interest at the daily three month LIBOR plus 2.0% to 2.5%. The term loan requires monthly principal payments of $0.3 million plus accrued interest. As of March 31, 2020, the outstanding balance of the term loan was $15.9 million. The Company is obligated to prepay the term loan to the extent that the outstanding principal balance at any time exceeds 60% of the fair market value of specified real property securing the loan. The Company is also obligated to prepay the term loan in an amount equal to 20% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). Subject to certain limitations, the Company may also voluntarily prepay all or a portion of the loan balance upon ten business days’ written notice.

Future principal payments of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands):

The Company has entered into various equipment and property leases with terms of ten years or less. Certain lease agreements include renewals and/or purchase options set to expire at various dates, and certain lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; costs for these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Because most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, the Company uses its asset-based lending rate in determining the present value of lease payments. Some of the Company's lease agreements contain non-lease components, which are accounted for separately.

The following table summarizes the Company’s leases recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands):

Lease cost consists of the following (in thousands):

The future maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the lease terms and discount rates for the lease liabilities:

The following table presents other information related to the operating and finance leases (in thousands):

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The authoritative guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. These levels are: Level 1 (inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities); Level 2 (inputs are other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data); and Level 3 (inputs are unobservable, with little or no market data that exists, such as internal financial forecasts). The Company is required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

The deferred compensation plan assets consist of cash and several publicly traded stock and bond mutual funds, valued using quoted market prices in active markets, classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy, as well as guaranteed investment contracts, valued at principal plus interest credited at contract rates, classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Deferred compensation plan assets are included within Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are derivatives valued using various pricing models or discounted cash flow analyses that incorporate observable market parameters, such as interest rate yield curves and currency rates, and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Derivative valuations incorporate credit risk adjustments that are necessary to reflect the probability of default by the counterparty or the Company. Foreign currency forward contracts are presented at their gross fair values. Foreign currency forward contract assets are included within Prepaid expenses and other and foreign currency forward contract liabilities are included within Accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The net carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and borrowings on the line of credit approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company is obligated to repay the carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is calculated using interest rates for the Company’s existing debt arrangements which are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates the carrying value as the borrowings bear interest based on current market rates.

For each foreign currency forward contract entered into in which the Company seeks to obtain cash flow hedge accounting treatment, the Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively, and a description of the method of measuring ineffectiveness. This process includes linking all foreign currency forward contracts to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions and designating the foreign currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the foreign currency forward contracts that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. The effective portion of these hedged items is reflected in Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. If it is determined that a foreign currency forward contract is not highly effective, or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company is required to discontinue hedge accounting with respect to that foreign currency forward contract prospectively.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the total notional amount of the foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges was $4.6 million (CAD$6.5 million) and $6.1 million (CAD$7.9 million), respectively. All of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement.

All of the Company’s Canadian forward contracts have maturities less than twelve months as of March 31, 2020.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all foreign currency forward contracts were designated as cash flow hedges. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, gains (losses) recognized in Net sales from foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments were $0.3 million and approximately $0, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, unrealized pretax gains on outstanding foreign currency forward contracts in Accumulated other comprehensive loss was approximately $0. Typically, outstanding foreign currency forward contract balances in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are expected to be reclassified to Net sales within the next twelve months as a result of underlying hedged transactions also being recorded in Net sales.

The Company has one active stock incentive plan for employees and directors, the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, which provides for awards of stock options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted shares of common stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance share awards (“PSAs”).

The Company recognizes the compensation cost of employee and director services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant date estimated fair value of the awards. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs and PSAs using the value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. Share-based compensation cost is recognized over the period during which the employee or director is required to provide service in exchange for the award and, as forfeitures occur, the associated compensation cost recognized to date is reversed. For awards with performance-based payout conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost based on the probability of achieving the performance conditions, with changes in expectations recognized as an adjustment to earnings in the period of change. Any recognized compensation cost is reversed if the conditions are ultimately not met.

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense recorded (in thousands):

Stock Option Awards

The Company’s stock incentive plan provides that options become exercisable according to vesting schedules, which range from immediate to ratably over a 60-month period. Options terminate ten years from the date of grant. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 24,000 stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $24.15 were exercised. As of March 31, 2020, there were no stock options outstanding.

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Awards

The Company’s stock incentive plan provides for equity instruments, such as RSUs and PSAs, which grant the right to receive a specified number of shares over a specified period of time. RSUs are service-based awards and vest according to vesting schedules, which range from immediate to ratably over a three-year period. PSAs are service-based awards that vest according to the terms of the grant and have performance-based payout conditions.

The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU and PSA activity:

The unvested balance of RSUs and PSAs as of March 31, 2020 includes approximately 91,000 PSAs at a target level of performance. The vesting of these awards is subject to the achievement of specified performance-based conditions, and the actual number of common shares that will ultimately be issued will be determined by multiplying this number of PSAs by a payout percentage ranging from 0% to 200%.

As of March 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested portion of the Company’s RSUs and PSAs was $4.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

Portland Harbor Superfund Site

In December 2000, a section of the lower Willamette River known as the Portland Harbor Superfund Site was included on the National Priorities List at the request of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”). While the Company’s Portland, Oregon manufacturing facility does not border the Willamette River, an outfall from the facility’s stormwater system drains into a neighboring property’s privately owned stormwater system and slip. Since the listing of the site, the Company was notified by the EPA and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (“ODEQ”) of potential liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”). A remedial investigation and feasibility study of the Portland Harbor Superfund Site was directed by a group of 14 potentially responsible parties known as the Lower Willamette Group under agreement with the EPA. The EPA finalized the remedial investigation report in February 2016, and the feasibility study in June 2016, which identified multiple remedial alternatives. In January 2017, the EPA issued its Record of Decision selecting the remedy for cleanup at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, which it believes will cost approximately $1 billion and 13 years to complete. The EPA has not yet determined who is responsible for the costs of cleanup or how the cleanup costs will be allocated among the more than 150 potentially responsible parties. Because of the large number of potentially responsible parties and the variability in the range of remediation alternatives, the Company is unable to estimate an amount or an amount within a range of costs for its obligation with respect to the Portland Harbor Superfund Site matters, and no further adjustment to the Consolidated Financial Statements has been recorded as of the date of this filing.

In 2001, groundwater containing elevated volatile organic compounds was identified in one localized area of leased property adjacent to the Portland facility. In February 2005, the Company entered into a Voluntary Agreement for Remedial Investigation and Source Control Measures (“Voluntary Agreement”) with the ODEQ, and has performed remedial investigation work required under the Voluntary Agreement. In 2016, the EPA and the ODEQ requested additional groundwater sampling. The results of this sampling, which is ongoing, have been generally consistent with previous sampling and modeling work. The Company submitted its final Remedial Investigation/Source Control Evaluation reports with the ODEQ and the EPA in February 2020. Based on discussions with the ODEQ and the EPA, the Company believes the selected remedy will be Monitored Natural Attenuation.

Concurrent with the activities of the EPA and the ODEQ, the Portland Harbor Natural Resources Trustee Council (“Trustees”) sent some or all of the same parties, including the Company, a notice of intent to perform a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (“NRDA”) for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site to determine the nature and extent of natural resource damages under CERCLA Section 107. The Trustees for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site consist of representatives from several Northwest Indian Tribes, three federal agencies, and one state agency. The Trustees act independently of the EPA and the ODEQ. The Trustees have encouraged potentially responsible parties to voluntarily participate in the funding of their injury assessments and several of those parties have agreed to do so. In June 2014, the Company agreed to participate in the injury assessment process, which included funding $0.4 million of the assessment. The Company has not assumed any additional payment obligations or liabilities with the participation with the NRDA. It is uncertain whether the Company will enter into an early settlement for natural resource damages or what costs it may incur in any such early settlement.

In January 2017, the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, a Trustee until they withdrew from the council in 2009, filed a complaint against the potentially responsible parties including the Company to recover costs related to their own injury assessment and compensation for natural resources damages. The Company does not have sufficient information to determine the likelihood of a loss in this matter or the amount of damages that could be allocated to the Company.

The Company has insurance policies for defense costs, as well as indemnification policies it believes will provide reimbursement for the remediation assessed. However, the Company can provide no assurance that those policies will cover all of the costs which the Company may incur.

All Sites

The Company operates its facilities under numerous governmental permits and licenses relating to air emissions, stormwater runoff, and other environmental matters. The Company’s operations are also governed by many other laws and regulations, including those relating to workplace safety and worker health, principally the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations there under which, among other requirements, establish noise and dust standards. The Company believes it is in material compliance with its permits and licenses and these laws and regulations, and the Company does not believe that future compliance with such laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Other Contingencies and Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations in the normal course of its business. The Company maintains insurance coverage against potential claims in amounts that are believed to be adequate. To the extent that insurance does not cover legal, defense, and indemnification costs associated with a loss contingency, the Company records accruals when such losses are considered probable and reasonably estimable. The Company believes that it is not presently a party to litigation, the outcome of which would have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

On April 21, 2019, there was an accidental fire at the Company’s Saginaw, Texas facility which resulted in damage to the coatings building. There were no injuries, but the ability to coat at this facility was impaired while the Company repaired the damage. The Company’s other production locations were deployed to absorb the lost production that resulted. The Company has insurance coverage in place covering, among other things, property damage up to certain specified amounts, and worked with its insurance company to restore the facility to full service as safely and quickly as possible. The Saginaw facility resumed operations in October 2019. The Company also maintains business interruption insurance coverage. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company incurred $0.4 million in incremental production costs resulting from the fire at the Saginaw facility which were recorded in Cost of sales. Any further insurance recoveries associated with these costs will be recorded as they are received in future quarters as the Company works with its insurer to settle the remaining claim.

Guarantees

The Company has entered into certain letters of credit that total $1.6 million as of March 31, 2020. The letters of credit relate to workers’ compensation insurance.

The Company manufactures water infrastructure steel pipe products, which are generally made to custom specifications for installation contractors serving projects funded by public water agencies, as well as precast and reinforced concrete products. Generally, each of the Company’s contracts with its customers contains a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, is not distinct.

Revenue for water infrastructure steel pipe products is recognized over time as the manufacturing process progresses because of the Company’s right to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable profit on cancellations for unique products that have no alternative use to the Company. Revenue is measured by the costs incurred to date relative to the estimated total direct costs to fulfill each contract (cost-to-cost method). Contract costs include all material, labor, and other direct costs incurred in satisfying the performance obligations. The cost of steel material is recognized as a contract cost when the steel is introduced into the manufacturing process. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract change orders, contract penalty provisions, foreign currency exchange rate movements, changes in raw materials costs, and final contract settlements may result in revisions to estimates of revenue, costs, and income, and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for losses on uncompleted contracts, included in Accrued liabilities, are estimated by comparing total estimated contract revenue to the total estimated contract costs and a loss is recognized during the period in which it becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Revisions in contract estimates resulted in a decrease in revenue of $0.4 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Revenue for water infrastructure precast concrete products is recognized at the time control is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products. All variable consideration that may affect the total transaction price, including contractual discounts, returns, and credits, is included in net sales. Estimates for variable consideration are based on historical experience, anticipated performance, and management's judgment. The Company's contracts do not contain significant financing.

The Company does not recognize revenue on a contract until the contract has approval and commitment from both parties, the contract rights and payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance, and its collectability is probable. 

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates revenue by recognition over time or at a point in time, as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors (in thousands):

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets primarily represent revenue earned over time but not yet billable based on the terms of the contracts. These amounts will be billed based on the terms of the contracts, which include achievement of milestones, partial shipments, or completion of the contracts. Payment terms of amounts billed vary based on the customer, but are typically due within 30 days of invoicing.

Contract liabilities represent advance billings on contracts, typically for steel. The Company recognized revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of each period of $6.2 million and $3.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Backlog

Backlog represents the balance of remaining performance obligations under signed contracts for water infrastructure steel pipe products. As of March 31, 2020, backlog was approximately $170 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 61% of the remaining performance obligations in 2020, 37% in 2021, and the balance thereafter.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States Federal jurisdiction, in a limited number of foreign jurisdictions, and in many state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to United States Federal, state, or foreign income tax examinations for years before 2015.

The Company recorded income tax expense at an estimated effective income tax rate of 45.6% and 8.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s estimated effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was impacted primarily by costs associated with the acquisition of Geneva that are expected to be non-deductible for tax purposes. The Company’s estimated effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was impacted by the estimated changes in the Company’s valuation allowance.

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including stock options, RSUs, and PSAs, to the extent dilutive. Performance-based PSAs are considered dilutive when the related performance conditions have been met assuming the end of the reporting period represents the end of the performance period. In periods with a net loss, all potential shares of common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the impact would be antidilutive.

Net income per basic and diluted weighted-average common share outstanding was calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures in Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, from those disclosed in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K, except for the following:

Accounting Changes

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”), which modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, or adding certain disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020 and the impact was not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In early April 2020, the Company was ordered to close its water infrastructure manufacturing facility in San Luis Río Colorado, Mexico (“SLRC”) through April 30, 2020 as a result of mandates made by Mexican authorities that companies that do not carry out essential activities must suspend business operations in order to combat and eradicate the existence and transmission of COVID-19. In mid-April 2020, the Mexican authorities extended this closure to May 31, 2020. The Company is diverting current orders on a case-by-case basis to its United States-based facilities until operations resume in the SLRC facility and the Company does not believe the impact of moving the production is material to its financial results. Consistent with national guidelines and with state and local orders to date, the Company currently continues to operate its manufacturing facilities in the United States as it produces critical water infrastructure products.

While COVID-19 did not have a material adverse effect on the Company's reported results for the first quarter of 2020, the Company is unable to predict the ultimate impact that COVID‑19 may have on its business, future results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. The extent to which the Company's operations may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the outbreak and actions by government authorities to contain the outbreak or treat its impact. Furthermore, the impacts of a potential worsening of global and domestic economic conditions, including the long-term potential to reduce or delay funding of municipal projects, and the continued disruptions to and volatility in the financial markets remain unknown. The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 on all aspects of its business, including the impact on its employees, customers, supply chain, and distribution network, and has taken proactive and precautionary steps to ensure the safety of its employees, customers, and suppliers.