VOD Vodafone Group PLC

By Stu Woo in London and Newley Purnell in New Delhi 

Vodafone Group PLC's India unit is in talks to merge with rival Idea Cellular Ltd., a move that would combine two of India's three biggest carriers and catapult the new company into the very top ranks of the global telecoms industry.

For Vodafone, a combination would represent a risky doubling down on India, a large and promising market that has nonetheless proven a much more expensive bet so far for the British carrier. Flush with cash from the 2014 sale of its Verizon Wireless stake, Vodafone has spent heavily around the world, including in India. But in November, it took a EUR5 billion ($5.3 billion) write down there, stung by cut-throat competition.

Currently, Vodafone's business is India's second-largest mobile operator by subscribers. Idea, owned by Aditya Birla Group, is No. 3. Both trail Bharti Airtel Ltd. All three carriers have been on the defensive against an upstart formed late last year by India's richest man, Mukesh Ambani, who has offered cut-rate data plans and months of free services to sign up new subscribers.

Vodafone and Idea called discussions over a combination preliminary. Vodafone said Monday that it was discussing an all-share merger, but that it wasn't certain it would complete a deal.

Idea is listed in Mumbai with a market capitalization of about $5 billion before the discussions were disclosed. Vodafone said in November that it had been planning to prepare an initial public offering of its India business, but was waiting for market conditions to improve.

Should a combination result in an independent carrier, the new company would boast 379 million subscribers, leapfrogging Airtel, and setting itself up as the world's second-largest carrier by subscribers, the title Vodafone itself currently holds. The No. 1 spot is held by China Mobile Ltd.

An Idea spokeswoman declined to comment. Vodafone representatives didn't respond to requests for comment.

Idea shares closed 26% higher in Mumbai. Shares in Vodafone were up 3% in morning trading in London.

Vodafone could boost profitability by consolidating in the face of stiff competition, said Morningstar analyst Allan Nichols: "We like the idea of the merger, as we believe there are far too many operators in the country, which has prevented good returns," he said.

Mobile carriers have long viewed India as one of the most promising markets for growth. Vodafone Chief Executive Vittorio Colao told reporters in November that 700 million people in India don't have cellphones, while 600 million people do. He said of those 600 million, only 250 million have smartphones.

But Mr. Colao's push to capitalize hasn't been smooth. A big challenge for everyone in India is the market's typically low incomes, with many consumers paying for mobile phone minutes and data only when they have spare change. The country's average per-capita-income is about $1,500 a year. That can make competition for new subscribers fierce.

In November, Vodafone cited Mr. Ambani's Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd. when it disclosed its big India write down. Mr. Colao said at the time that Vodafone wasn't losing customers, but was seeing more people buy service plans from competitors. He called Reliance Jio's promotional offers "unprecedented," and said it was difficult to compete with a business offering free products.

Mr. Colao said at the time he expected consolidation in India, but also signaled Vodafone was committed to the market. "The guys who will stay and be successful will take the benefits, and the benefits will be 10, 15 years down the road," he said in November.

Vodafone and Idea "would have been thinking about [a merger] in any case, but Jio coming in has accelerated the process," said Shiv Putcha, a Mumbai-based analyst with research firm IDC.

Write to Stu Woo at Stu.Woo@wsj.com and Newley Purnell at newley.purnell @wsj.com

(END) Dow Jones Newswires

January 30, 2017 08:13 ET (13:13 GMT)

Copyright (c) 2017 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.