TRIL Trillium Therapeutics Inc

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of November 2015

Commission File Number: 001-36596

TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.
(Translation of registrant's name into English)

96 Skyway Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M9W 4Y9
Canada
(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F [   ]                    Form 40-F [X]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1)[   ]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7)[   ]

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DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS FORM 6-K

See the Exhibit Index hereto.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Trillium Therapeutics Inc.
Date: November 10, 2015
	By: /s/ James Parsons
	Name: James Parsons
	Title: Chief Financial Officer

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit	Description
99.1	Q3 2015 Interim Financial Statements
99.2	Q3 2015 Management Discussion & Analysis
99.3	52-109F2 - Certification of interim filings - CEO
99.4	52-109F2 - Certification of interim filings - CFO

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INTERIM CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2015 AND 2014

(UNAUDITED)

 

96 Skyway Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M9W 4Y9
www.trilliumtherapeutics.com

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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

Amounts in Canadian Dollars

(Unaudited)

					As at			As at
		Note			September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
					$			$
ASSETS
Current
Cash					89,082,852			26,165,056
Amounts receivable		4			816,515			344,416
Prepaid expenses					544,525			1,008,225
Total current assets					90,443,892			27,517,697
Property and equipment		5			701,654			235,402
Intangible assets		6			178,422			432,933
Other assets					116,450			-
Total non-current assets					996,526			668,335
Total assets					91,440,418			28,186,032
LIABILITIES
Current
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		7			3,060,159			3,248,984
Other current liabilities		8			293,799			279,461
Total current liabilities					3,353,958			3,528,445
Loan payable		8			288,549			283,352
Deferred lease inducement		8			300,084			-
Long-term liability		8			56,804			69,941
Total non-current liabilities					645,437			353,293
Total liabilities					3,999,395			3,881,738
EQUITY
Common shares		9			100,913,389			49,505,792
Series I preferred shares		9			9,409,284			10,076,151
Series II preferred shares		9			24,369,384			-
Warrants		9			7,221,695			9,283,332
Contributed surplus		9			7,828,163			5,995,055
Deficit					(62,300,892	)		(50,556,036	)
Total equity					87,441,023			24,304,294
Total liabilities and equity					91,440,418			28,186,032
Commitments and contingencies [note 13]

Approved by the Board and authorized for issue on November 10, 2015.

(signed) Luke Beshar, Director

(signed) Henry Friesen, Director

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements

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See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements

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		Common shares						Series I preferred shares						Series II preferred shares						Warrants						Contributed
		Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Number			Amount			surplus			Deficit			Total
		#			$			#			$			#			$			#			$			$			$			$
					(note 9)						(note 9)						(note 9)						(note 9)			(note 9)
Balance, December 31, 2014		4,427,244			49,505,792			69,504,689			10,076,151			-			-			138,724,781			9,283,332			5,995,055			(50,556,036	)		24,304,294
Net loss and comprehensive loss for the period		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			(11,744,856	)		(11,744,856	)
Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity
Share units issued, net of issue costs		1,750,754			39,592,240			-			-			1,077,605			24,369,384			-			-			-			-			63,961,624
Exercise of warrants		1,008,928			11,057,295			-			-			-			-			(30,268,151	)		(2,061,637	)		-			-			8,995,658
Exercise of stock options		6,666			91,195			-			-			-			-			-			-			(41,200	)		-			49,995
Conversion of preferred shares		153,333			666,867			(4,600,000	)		(666,867	)		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Share-based compensation		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			1,874,308			-			1,874,308
Total transactions with owners of the Company		2,919,681			51,407,597			(4,600,000	)		(666,867	)		1,077,605			24,369,384			(30,268,151	)		(2,061,637	)		1,833,108			-			74,881,585
Balance, September 30, 2015		7,346,925			100,913,389			64,904,689			9,409,284			1,077,605			24,369,384			108,456,630			7,221,695			7,828,163			(62,300,892	)		87,441,023

		Common shares						Series I preferred shares						Warrants						Contributed
		Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Number			Amount			surplus			Deficit			Total
		#			$			#			$			#			$			$			$			$
Balance, December 31, 2013		4,058,408			47,191,303			77,895,165			11,292,525			142,230,123			9,818,179			3,280,656			(37,674,216	)		33,908,447
Net loss and comprehensive loss for the period		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			(8,666,958	)		(8,666,958	)
Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity
Exercise of warrants		86,540			1,065,015			-			-			(2,596,251	)		(118,202	)		-			-			946,813
Exercise of stock options		2,614			33,100			-			-			-			-			(13,500	)		-			19,600
Conversion of preferred shares		119,016			517,615			(3,570,476	)		(517,615	)		-			-			-			-			-
Expiry of warrants		-			-			-			-			(909,091	)		(416,645	)		416,645			-			-
Share-based compensation		-			-			-			-			-			-			1,992,471			-			1,992,471
Total transactions with owners of the Company		208,170			1,615,730			(3,570,476	)		(517,615	)		(3,505,342	)		(534,847	)		2,395,616			-			2,958,884
Balance, September 30, 2014		4,266,578			48,807,033			74,324,689			10,774,910			138,724,781			9,283,332			5,676,272			(46,341,174	)		28,200,373

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements

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					Nine months ended			Nine months ended
		Note			September 30, 2015			September 30, 2014
					$			$
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss for the period					(11,744,856	)		(8,666,958	)
Adjustments for items not affecting cash
Share-based compensation		9			1,874,308			1,992,471
Interest accretion		8,12			55,490			54,169
Amortization of intangible assets		6			254,511			525,939
Impairment of intangible assets		6			-			429,763
Depreciation of property and equipment		5			85,881			31,779
Deferred lease inducement					57,684			-
Unrealized gain on cash					(3,982,986	)		-
					(13,399,968	)		(5,632,837	)
Changes in non-cash working capital balances
Amounts receivable					(472,099	)		(41,073	)
Prepaid expenses					463,700			(625,111	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities					(188,825	)		688,901
Other current liabilities					14,338			201,094
Increase in other assets					(116,450	)		-
Cash used in operating activities					(13,699,304	)		(5,409,026	)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property and equipment		5			(522,133	)		(144,196	)
Net change in marketable securities					-			21,108
Cash used in investing activities					(522,133	)		(123,088	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Change in loan payable		8			(37,487	)		(86,274	)
Receipt of deferred lease inducement		8			212,400			-
Change in long-term liability		8			(25,943	)		(50,153	)
Issue of share capital, net of issuance costs		9			73,007,277			966,413
Cash provided by financing activities					73,156,247			829,986
Impact of foreign exchange rate on cash					3,982,986			-
Net increase (decrease) in cash during the period					62,917,796			(4,702,128	)
Cash, beginning of period					26,165,056			32,456,506
Cash, end of period					89,082,852			27,754,378
Supplemental cash flow information
Preferred shares converted to common shares (note 9)					666,867			517,615

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements

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1.	Corporate information
	Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company” or “Trillium”) is a Canadian public immuno-oncology company developing innovative therapies for the treatment of cancer. The Company was incorporated under the laws of the Province of Alberta on March 31, 2004 with nominal share capital and filed Articles of Continuance to change its jurisdiction to Ontario on November 7, 2013. On June 1, 2014, the Company amalgamated with its wholly-owned subsidiary Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (“Trillium Privateco”) and changed its name from Stem Cell Therapeutics Corp. to Trillium Therapeutics Inc.
	The Company’s head office is located at 96 Skyway Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M9W 4Y9 and is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol TR and on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange under the symbol TRIL.
2.	Basis of presentation

(a)	Statement of compliance
	These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with International Accounting Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting (“IAS 34”). The notes presented in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include only significant events and transactions occurring since the Company’s last fiscal year end and are not fully inclusive of all matters required to be disclosed in its annual audited consolidated financial statements.
	The policies applied in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are based on International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The Board of Directors approved the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements on November 10, 2015. Any subsequent changes to IFRS or their interpretation, that are given effect in the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2015, could result in a restatement of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
(b)	Basis of measurement
	These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for held-for-trading financial assets, which are measured at fair value.
(c)	Functional and presentation currency
	These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the Company’s functional currency.
(d)	Use of significant estimates and assumptions
	The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities and the determination of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions. The Company reviews its estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis. Revisions are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and may impact future periods.
	The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements, have been set out in Note 2 of the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014.

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3.	Significant accounting policies
	The Company’s significant accounting policies were outlined in the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014 and have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014.

(a)	Basis of consolidation
	These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly- owned subsidiaries, Trillium Privateco to the date of its amalgamation with the Company on June 1, 2014, Stem Cell Therapeutics Inc. to the date of its dissolution on September 17, 2014, and Trillium Therapeutics USA Inc. from the date of incorporation on March 26, 2015.
(b)	New standards and interpretations not yet effective
	IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
	In October 2010, the IASB published amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”), which provides added guidance on the classification and measurement of financial liabilities. In July 2014, the IASB issued its final version of IFRS 9, which completes the classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting phases of the IASB’s project to replace IAS 39. The final standard is mandatorily effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier application permitted. The Company is currently monitoring the developments of this standard and assessing the impact that the adoption of this standard may have on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
	IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
	In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”), which covers principles for reporting about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Entities will transition following either a full or modified retrospective approach. The Company is reviewing the standard to determine the impact on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
	Other accounting standards or amendments to existing accounting standards that have been issued, but have future effective dates, are either not applicable or are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company assesses the impact of adoption of future standards on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, but does not anticipate significant changes in 2015.

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4.	Amounts receivable

			September 30,			December 31,
			2015			2014
			$			$
	Government programs receivable		655,154			344,416
	Other amounts receivable		161,361			-
			816,515			344,416

5.	Property and equipment

						Computer			Office
			Lab			equipment			equipment and
			equipment			and software			leaseholds			Total
			$			$			$			$
	Cost
	Balance, December 31, 2013		111,025			18,111			9,381			138,517
	Additions		141,051			21,917			10,635			173,603
	Balance, December 31, 2014		252,076			40,028			20,016			312,120
	Additions		435,119			53,940			63,074			552,133
	Balance, September 30, 2015		687,195			93,968			83,090			864,253
	Accumulated depreciation
	Balance, December 31, 2013		14,723			14,004			783			29,510
	Depreciation		33,366			9,554			4,288			47,208
	Balance, December 31, 2014		48,089			23,558			5,071			76,718
	Depreciation		63,232			18,795			3,854			85,881
	Balance September 30, 2015		111,321			42,353			8,925			162,599
	Net carrying amounts
	December 31, 2014		203,987			16,470			14,945			235,402
	September 30, 2015		575,874			51,615			74,165			701,654

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6.	Intangible assets

			Total
			$
	Cost
	Balance, December 31, 2013		2,103,751
	Disposals		(1,085,714	)
	Balance, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015		1,018,037
	Accumulated amortization
	Balance, December 31, 2013		630,279
	Amortization		610,776
	Disposals		(655,951	)
	Balance, December 31, 2014		585,104
	Amortization		254,511
	Balance, September 30, 2015		839,615
	Net carrying amounts
	December 31, 2014		432,933
	September 30, 2015		178,422

	As at September 30, 2015, intangible assets were comprised of licensed patent rights related to the SIRPαFc program acquired in 2013 in the amount of $1,018,037.
	The Company returned rights related to tigecycline and recorded an impairment loss of $429,763 in the second quarter of 2014.
7.	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

			September 30,			December 31,
			2015			2014
			$			$
	Trade and other payables		1,369,602			1,604,533
	Accrued liabilities		1,502,710			1,585,823
	Due to related parties (note 14)		187,847			58,628
			3,060,159			3,248,984

Amounts due to related parties represent expense reimbursements, accrued vacation payable and directors’ fees payable.

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8.	Non-current liabilities

(a)	Trillium is indebted to the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario under a non-interest bearing contribution agreement and is making monthly repayments of $9,586 through November 2019. As at September 30, 2015, the balance repayable is $469,693. The loan payable was discounted using an estimated market interest rate of 15%. Interest expense accretes on the discounted loan amount until it reaches its face value at maturity.
(b)	As at September 30, 2015, the Company has a deferred lease inducement of $300,084 for a new facility lease. The inducement benefit will be recognized over the expected term of the lease.
(c)	The Company has a long-term liability of $56,804 related to certain discontinued technologies. This liability has been discounted using an estimated market interest rate of 15% and interest expense is accreting.
	The current portions of the loan payable and long-term liability are included in other current liabilities in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of financial position.

9.	Share capital

(a)	Authorized
	The authorized share capital of the Company consists of an unlimited number of common shares, Class B shares and First Preferred Shares, in each case without nominal or par value. Common shares are voting and may receive dividends as declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Class B shares are non-voting and convertible to common shares at the holder’s discretion, on a one-for-one basis. Upon dissolution or wind-up of the Company, Class B shares participate rateably with the common shares in the distribution of the Company’s assets. Preferred shares have voting rights as decided upon by the Board of Directors at the time of grant. Upon dissolution or wind-up of the Company, First Preferred Shares are entitled to priority over common and Class B shares.
	The Company has Series I First Preferred Shares that are non-voting, may receive dividends as declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors, and are convertible to common shares at the holder’s discretion, on the basis of 30 Series I First Preferred Shares for one common share.
	The Company has Series II First Preferred Shares that are non-voting, may receive dividends as declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors, and are convertible to common shares at the holder’s discretion, on the basis of one Series II First Preferred Share for one common share.
	Holders may not convert Series I or Series II Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares into common shares if, after giving effect to the exercise of conversion, the holder and its joint actors would have beneficial ownership or direction or control over common shares in excess of 4.99% of the then outstanding common shares. This limit may be raised at the option of the holder on 61 days’ prior written notice: (i) up to 9.99%, (ii) up to 19.99%, subject to clearance of a personal information form submitted by the holder to the Toronto Stock Exchange, and (iii) above 19.99%, subject to approval by the Toronto Stock Exchange and shareholder approval.
(b)	Share capital issued – nine months ended September 30, 2015
	On April 7, 2015, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of common shares and non-voting convertible preferred shares in the United States. In the offering, Trillium sold 1,750,754 common shares and 1,077,605 Series II Non- Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares at a price of U.S. $19.50 per share, including 228,359 common shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional common shares. The gross proceeds to Trillium from this offering were $68,875,067 (U.S. $55,153,000) before deducting offering expenses of $4,913,443.
	During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, 1,008,928 common shares were issued on the exercise of 30,268,151 warrants for proceeds of $8,995,658 and 6,666 stock options were exercised for proceeds of $49,995.
	During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, 4,600,000 Series I First Preferred Shares were converted into 153,333 common shares.

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9.	Share capital (continued)
	Share capital issued – year ended December 31, 2014
	On November 14, 2014, the Company consolidated its outstanding common shares issuing one post-consolidated share for each 30 pre-consolidated shares. All references in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to the number of common shares, deferred share units and stock options have been adjusted to the post-consolidation amounts.
	During the year ended December 31, 2014, 2,596,251 warrants were exercised for 86,540 common shares and for proceeds of $946,813 and 2,614 stock options were exercised for proceeds of $19,600. Also, 909,091 warrants issued in March 2011 expired unexercised.
	During the year ended December 31, 2014, 8,390,476 Series I First Preferred Shares were converted into 279,682 common shares.

(c)	Weighted average number of common shares
	The weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the purposes of calculating earnings per share have been adjusted for 2014 to the post-consolidated numbers. The weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014 were 7,345,519 and 6,379,237, and 4,230,161 and 4,160,562, respectively. The Company has not adjusted its weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the calculation of diluted loss per share, as any adjustment would be antidilutive.
(d)	Warrants
	All warrants were exercisable on issuance. As a result of the November 14, 2014 common share consolidation, the ratio of the number of warrants exercisable for one common share was adjusted from one warrant for each common share to thirty warrants for each common share. The number of warrants outstanding was not adjusted.
	The following table shows the number of warrants outstanding, the exercise prices, and the number of common shares issuable on exercise of the warrants and the exercise price per common share for 30 warrants as at September 30, 2015:

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9.	Share capital (continued)
	Changes in the number of warrants outstanding during the nine months ended September 30 were as follows:

						2015						2014
						Weighted						Weighted
						average						average
			Number of			exercise			Number of			exercise
			warrants			price			warrants			price
	Balance, beginning of period		138,724,781		$	0.29			142,230,123		$	0.30
	Exercised		(30,268,151	)		0.30			(2,596,251	)		0.36
	Expired		-			-			(909,091	)		1.60
	Balance, end of period		108,456,630		$	0.29			138,724,781		$	0.29

(e)	Stock option plan
	The Company has a 10% rolling stock option plan, or the 2014 Stock Option Plan, which was approved by the Company’s shareholders at its annual general meeting held on May 27, 2014. Pursuant to the 2014 Stock Option Plan, the Company may grant stock options to purchase up to an aggregate of 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common shares plus 10% of the total number of common shares into which the outstanding First Preferred Shares may be converted. Options granted under the 2014 Stock Option plan are equity-settled, have a vesting period of four years and have a maximum term of ten years. As at September 30, 2015, the Company was entitled to issue an additional 312,454 stock options under the 2014 Stock Option Plan.
	Changes in the number of options outstanding during the nine months ended September 30 were as follows:

						2015						2014
						Weighted						Weighted
						average						average
			Number of			exercise			Number of			exercise
			options			price			options			price
	Balance, beginning of period		590,141		$	9.76			97,372		$	9.94
	Granted		126,500			25.00			499,883			9.78
	Exercised		(6,666	)		7.50			(2,614	)		7.50
	Cancelled/forfeited		(3,000	)		30.00			(3,833	)		10.59
	Balance, end of period		706,975		$	12.42			590,808		$	9.81
	Options exercisable, end of period		333,927		$	10.94			220,137		$	10.25

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9.	Share capital (continued)
	The following table reflects stock options outstanding and exercisable as at September 30, 2015:

Share-based compensation expense was determined based on the fair value of the options at the date of measurement using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the weighted average assumptions for the nine months ended September 30 as follows:

			2015			2014
	Expected option life		6 years			7 years
	Risk-free interest rate		1.5%			2.0%
	Dividend yield		0%			0%
	Expected volatility		85%			75%

The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed to estimate the fair value of freely tradable, fully transferable options without vesting restrictions, which significantly differs from the Company’s stock option awards. This model also requires highly subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and average option life, which significantly affect the calculated values.

The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield on a Government of Canada zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. Expected volatility was determined using a combination of historical volatilities of a peer group of biotechnology companies and the Company’s own historical volatility. The life of the options is estimated considering the vesting period at the grant date, the life of the option and the average length of time similar grants have remained outstanding in the past. The forfeiture rate is an estimate based on historical evidence and future expectations. The dividend yield was excluded from the calculation since it is the present policy of the Company to retain all earnings to finance operations and future growth.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company issued 126,500 stock options with a fair value of $2,254,067 and a weighted average grant date fair value of $17.82. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company issued 499,883 stock options with a fair value of $3,427,955 and a weighted average grant date fair value of $6.86.

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9.	Share capital (continued)

(f)	Deferred Share Unit Plan
	The shareholders of the Company approved the 2014 Deferred Share Unit Plan (the “2014 DSU Plan”) on May 27, 2014. The 2014 DSU Plan is intended to promote a greater alignment of long-term interests between non-executive directors and executive officers of the Company and its shareholders through the issuance of deferred share units (“DSUs”). Since the value of a DSU increases or decreases with the market price of the common shares, DSUs reflect a philosophy of aligning the interests of directors and executive officers with those of the shareholders by tying compensation to share price performance. The Board of Directors intends to use DSUs issued under the 2014 DSU Plan, as well as stock options issued under the 2014 Stock Option Plan, as part of the Company’s overall director and executive officer compensation program. A total of 28,777 units were issued during the year ended December 31, 2014 and 10,597 units were issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 for payment of directors’ fees. 39,374 units were outstanding as at September 30, 2015. The Company has reserved for issuance up to 66,667 common shares under the 2014 DSU Plan.
(g)	Shareholder Rights Plan
	On October 17, 2013, the Company’s shareholders adopted a shareholder rights plan (the “2013 Rights Plan”) and approved certain amendments on May 27, 2014 (the “Rights Plan Amendment”, which together with the 2013 Rights Plan may be referred to as the “Rights Plan”). The Rights Plan is designed to provide adequate time for the Board of Directors and the shareholders to assess an unsolicited takeover bid for the Company, to provide the Board of Directors with sufficient time to explore and develop alternatives for maximizing shareholder value if a takeover bid is made, and to provide shareholders with an equal opportunity to participate in a takeover bid and receive full and fair value for their common shares. The Rights Plan will expire at the close of the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders in 2016.
	The rights issued under the Rights Plan initially attach to and trade with the common shares and no separate certificates will be issued unless an event triggering these rights occurs. The rights will become exercisable only when a person, including any party related to it, acquires or attempts to acquire 20% or more of the outstanding common shares without complying with the “Permitted Bid” provisions of the Rights Plan or without approval of the Board of Directors. Should such an acquisition occur or be announced, each right would, upon exercise, entitle a rights holder, other than the acquiring person and related persons, to purchase common shares at an approximate 50% discount to the market price at the time.
	Under the Rights Plan, a Permitted Bid is a bid made to all holders of the common shares and which is open for acceptance for not less than 60 days. If at the end of 60 days at least 50% of the outstanding common shares, other than those owned by the offeror and certain related parties have been tendered, the offeror may take up and pay for the common shares but must extend the bid for a further 10 days to allow other shareholders to tender. The issuance of common shares upon the exercise of the rights is subject to receipt of certain regulatory approvals.

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10.	Research and development
	Components of research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30 were as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	Research and development programs excluding the below items		3,319,494			1,419,374
	Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		1,258,570			543,665
	Share-based compensation		361,341			244,552
	Amortization of intangible assets		84,837			84,837
	Depreciation of property and equipment		51,735			11,649
	Investment tax credits		(121,166	)		(214,100	)
			4,954,811			2,089,977

Components of research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30 were as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	Research and development programs excluding the below items		9,319,256			3,242,449
	Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		2,976,237			1,593,041
	Share-based compensation		1,421,320			1,367,829
	Amortization of intangible assets		254,511			525,939
	Impairment of intangible assets		-			429,763
	Depreciation of property and equipment		85,881			31,779
	Investment tax credits		(372,697	)		(429,939	)
			13,684,508			6,760,861

11.	General and administrative
	Components of general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30 were as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	General and administrative expenses excluding the below items		328,218			253,427
	Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		347,722			185,282
	Share-based compensation		45,609			61,363
			721,549			500,072

Components of general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30 were as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	General and administrative expenses excluding the below items		1,061,057			1,017,064
	Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		778,761			495,908
	DSU units issued for director compensation		300,000			240,000
	Share-based compensation		152,988			384,642
			2,292,806			2,137,614

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12.	Finance income and finance costs
	Finance income for the three months ended September 30 was as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	Interest income		172,896			92,517
	Net foreign currency gain		4,019,251			-
			4,192,147			92,517

Finance income for the nine months ended September 30 was as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	Interest income		352,558			285,058
	Net foreign currency gain		3,943,274			6,324
			4,295,832			291,382

Finance costs for the three months ended September 30 were as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	Bank charges		3,556			1,782
	Accreted interest		18,210			15,031
	Net foreign currency loss		-			12,182
			21,766			28,995

Finance costs for the nine months ended September 30 were as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	Bank charges		7,884			5,696
	Accreted interest		55,490			54,169
			63,374			59,865

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13.	Commitments and contingencies
	As at September 30, 2015 and in the normal course of business, the Company had obligations to make future payments, representing research and development contracts and other commitments that are known and committed in the amount of $3,840,000 over the next 12 months, $2,246,000 from 12 to 24 months, $1,172,000 from 24 to 36 months, and $35,000 thereafter. The Company also has minimum lease payments relating to operating lease commitments in the amount of $232,000 over the next 12 months, $1,030,000 from 12 to 60 months, and $1,475,000 thereafter.
	The Company enters into research, development and license agreements in the ordinary course of business where the Company receives research services and rights to proprietary technologies. Milestone and royalty payments that may become due under various agreements are dependent on, among other factors, clinical trials, regulatory approvals and ultimately the successful development of a new drug, the outcome and timing of which is uncertain. Under the license agreement for SIRPαFc, the Company has future contingent milestones payable of $35,000 related to successful patent grants, $100,000, $200,000 and $300,000 on the first patient dosed in phase I, II and III trials respectively, and regulatory milestones on their first achievement totalling $5,000,000.
	The Company entered into two agreements with Catalent Pharma Solutions in August 2014 pursuant to which Trillium acquired the right to use a proprietary expression system for the manufacture of two SIRPαFc constructs. Consideration for each license includes potential pre-marketing approval milestones of up to U.S. $875,000 and aggregate sales milestone payments of up to U.S. $28.8 million.
	The Company periodically enters into research and license agreements with third parties that include indemnification provisions customary in the industry. These guarantees generally require the Company to compensate the other party for certain damages and costs incurred as a result of claims arising from research and development activities undertaken by or on behalf of the Company. In some cases, the maximum potential amount of future payments that could be required under these indemnification provisions could be unlimited. These indemnification provisions generally survive termination of the underlying agreement. The nature of the indemnification obligations prevents the Company from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount it could be required to pay. Historically, the Company has not made any indemnification payments under such agreements and no amount has been accrued in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements with respect to these indemnification obligations.

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14.	Related parties
	For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the key management personnel of the Company were the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Medical Officer, Chief Scientific Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Development Officer.
	Compensation for key management personnel of the Company for the three months ended September 30 was as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		683,092			379,320
	Share-based compensation		290,866			305,244
			973,958			684,564

Compensation for key management personnel of the Company for the nine months ended September 30 was as follows:

			2015			2014
			$			$
	Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		2,115,164			1,340,397
	Share-based compensation		1,714,347			1,971,926
			3,829,511			3,312,323

	Executive officers and directors participate in the 2014 Stock Option Plan and the 2014 DSU Plan, and officers participate in the Company’s benefit plans. Directors receive annual fees for their services. As at September 30, 2015, the key management personnel controlled less than 1% of the voting shares of the Company.
	Outstanding balances with related parties at the period end represent expense reimbursements, accrued vacation payable and directors’ fees payable. These balances are unsecured, interest free and settlement occurs in cash. There have been no guarantees provided or received for any related party receivables or payables. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, $0 and $7,916, respectively, was paid to a former director for consulting fees.
15.	Financial instruments
	Currency risk
	The Company is exposed to currency risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates and the degree of volatility of those rates. Currency risk results mainly from the Company’s expenses and working capital denominated in currencies other than the Canadian dollar, which are primarily in U.S. dollars. As at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company held U.S. dollar cash in the amount of U.S. $46,475,915 and U.S. $142,558 and had U.S. dollar denominated accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the amount of U.S. $1,044,561 and U.S. $1,910,430, respectively. Therefore, a 1% change in the foreign exchange rate would have a net impact on finance costs as at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 of $454,314 and $17,679, respectively.
	U. S. dollar expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were approximately U.S. $6,500,000 and U. S. $1,400,000, respectively. Varying the U.S. exchange rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 to reflect a 5% strengthening of the Canadian dollar would have decreased the net loss by approximately $325,000 and $70,000, respectively, assuming that all other variables remained constant.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30, 2015 AND 2014

Dated: November 10, 2015

 

 

96 Skyway Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, M9W 4Y9
www.trilliumtherapeutics.com

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ABOUT THIS MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

All references in this management’s discussion and analysis, or MD&A to “the Company”, “Trillium”, “we”, “us”, or “our” refer to Trillium Therapeutics Inc. and the subsidiaries through which it conducts its business, unless otherwise indicated.

The following MD&A is prepared as of November 10, 2015 for Trillium Therapeutics Inc. for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and the annual audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, which have been prepared by management in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB. Our IFRS accounting policies are set out in note 3 of the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

All amounts are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise indicated.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws. All statements contained herein that are not clearly historical in nature are forward-looking, and the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “estimate”, “may”, “will”, “could”, “leading”, “intend”, “contemplate”, “shall” and similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this MD&A include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to:

• our expected future loss and accumulated deficit levels;
• our projected financial position and estimated cash burn rate;
• our expectations about the timing of achieving milestones and the cost of our development programs;
• our observations and expectations regarding the binding profile of SIRPαFc to red blood cells compared to anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies and proprietary CD47-blocking agents and the potential benefits to patients;
• our requirements for, and the ability to obtain, future funding on favorable terms or at all;
• our projections for the SIRPαFc development plan and progress of each of our products and technologies, particularly with respect to the timely and successful completion of studies and trials and availability of results from such studies and trials;
• our expectations about our products’ safety and efficacy;
• our expectations regarding our ability to arrange for the manufacturing of our products and technologies;
• our expectations regarding the progress, and the successful and timely completion, of the various stages of the regulatory approval process;
• our ability to secure strategic partnerships with larger pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies;
• our strategy to acquire and develop new products and technologies and to enhance the safety and efficacy of existing products and technologies;
• our plans to market, sell and distribute our products and technologies;
• our expectations regarding the acceptance of our products and technologies by the market;
• our ability to retain and access appropriate staff, management, and expert advisers;
• our expectations with respect to existing and future corporate alliances and licensing transactions with third parties, and the receipt and timing of any payments to be made by us or to us in respect of such arrangements; and
• our strategy with respect to the protection of our intellectual property.

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All forward-looking statements reflect our beliefs and assumptions based on information available at the time the assumption was made. These forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but rather on management’s expectations regarding future activities, results of operations, performance, future capital and other expenditures (including the amount, nature and sources of funding thereof), competitive advantages, business prospects and opportunities. By its nature, forward-looking information involves numerous assumptions, inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, known and unknown, that contribute to the possibility that the predictions, forecasts, projections or other forward-looking statements will not occur. Factors which could cause future outcomes to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

• the effect of continuing operating losses on our ability to obtain, on satisfactory terms, or at all, the capital required to maintain us as a going concern;
• the ability to obtain sufficient and suitable financing to support operations, preclinical development, clinical trials, and commercialization of products;
• the risks associated with the development of novel compounds at early stages of development in our intellectual property portfolio;
• the risks of reliance on third-parties for the planning, conduct and monitoring of clinical trials and for the manufacture of drug product;
• the risks associated with the development of our product candidates including the demonstration of efficacy and safety;
• the risks related to clinical trials including potential delays, cost overruns and the failure to demonstrate efficacy and safety;
• the risks of delays and inability to complete clinical trials due to difficulties enrolling patients;
• risks associated with our inability to successfully develop companion diagnostics for our development candidates;
• delays or negative outcomes from the regulatory approval process;
• our ability to successfully compete in our targeted markets;
• our ability to attract and retain key personnel, collaborators and advisors;
• risks relating to the increase in operating costs from expanding existing programs, acquisition of additional development programs and increased staff;
• risk of negative results of clinical trials or adverse safety events by us or others related to our product candidates;
• the potential for product liability claims;
• our ability to achieve our forecasted milestones and timelines on schedule;
• financial risks related to the fluctuation of foreign currency rates and expenses denominated in foreign currencies;
• our ability to adequately protect proprietary information and technology from competitors;
• risks related to changes in patent laws and their interpretations;
• our ability to source and maintain licenses from third-party owners; and
• the risk of patent-related litigation and the ability to protect trade secrets,

all as further and more fully described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this MD&A and in our Annual Information Form.

Although the forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A are based upon what our management believes to be reasonable assumptions, we cannot assure readers that actual results will be consistent with these forward looking statements.

Any forward-looking statements represent our estimates only as of the date of this MD&A and should not be relied upon as representing our estimates as of any subsequent date. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as may be required by securities legislation.

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BUSINESS

Overview

We are an immuno-oncology company developing innovative therapies for the treatment of cancer. Our lead program, SIRPαFc, is a novel, antibody-like protein that harnesses the innate immune system by blocking the activity of CD47, a molecule whose expression is increased on cancer cells to evade the host immune system. Expressed at high levels on the cell surface of a variety of liquid and solid tumors, CD47 functions as a signal that inhibits the destruction of tumor cells by macrophages via phagocytosis. By blocking the activity of CD47, we believe SIRPαFc has the ability to promote the macrophage-mediated killing of tumor cells in a broad variety of cancers both as a monotherapy and in combination with other immune therapies.

The immune system is the body’s mechanism to identify and eliminate pathogens, and can be divided into the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense to identify and eliminate pathogens and consists of proteins and cells, such as macrophages, that identify and provide an immediate response to pathogens. The adaptive immune system is activated by, and adapts to, pathogens, creating a targeted and durable response. Cancer cells often have the ability to reduce the immune system’s ability to recognize and destroy them. We believe SIRPαFc could play an important role in enhancing the innate immune system and importantly, because of its ability to target macrophages, also has an important downstream effect on the adaptive immune system.

Our Strategy

Our goal is to become a leading innovator in the field of immuno-oncology by targeting immune-regulatory pathways that tumor cells exploit to evade the host immune system. We believe that SIRPαFc has the potential to improve survival and quality of life for cancer patients.

• Rapidly advance the clinical development of SIRPαFc. We filed an investigational new drug, or IND application in the third quarter of 2015 for a first-in-human trial of SIRPαFc in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies, and plan to initiate a clinical trial in the fourth quarter of 2015.
• Expand our SIRPαFc clinical program to include additional cancer indications. Because CD47 is highly expressed by multiple liquid and solid tumors, and high expression is correlated with worse clinical outcomes, we believe SIRPαFc has potential to be effective in a wide variety of cancers. We are carrying out preclinical work necessary to select additional, high potential cancer indications for clinical development.
• Maximize value of SIRPαFc through scientific collaborations. SIRPαFc has broad potential applicability in various cancer indications, and we believe it is well suited for use as both a monotherapy and in combination with other agents. We plan to continue to selectively and opportunistically pursue scientific collaborations with academic researchers as well as with other companies in order to realize the full value proposition of SIRPαFc.

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SIRPαFc Key Attributes

• Potential efficacy in a broad range of cancers. SIRPαFc blocks the tumor’s ability to transmit a “do not eat” signal allowing macrophages to destroy tumor cells; a mechanism that we believe could have broad applicability.
• Potential for use as monotherapy and in combination with other therapies. We intend to develop SIRPαFc as a monotherapy as well as potentially for use in combination with other cancer immuno- therapies.
• Differentiated pharmacokinetic and safety profile. We believe SIRPαFc’s low level of binding to red blood cells lowers the risk of anemia and lowers the loss of drug from circulation. This pharmacokinetic profile potentially allows for lower dosing and an improved safety profile.
• May enhance both innate and adaptive immune response. SIRPαFc may enhance stimulation of tumor attacking T cells since macrophages, in addition to their role in phagocytosis, can also prime T cells through antigen-presentation.

SIRPαFc Clinical development plan

We filed an IND application in the third quarter of 2015 and plan to commence a phase I study in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. To characterize potential changes in hematologic parameters that might occur with blockade of CD47, the dose-escalation portion of the phase I trial will include lymphoma patients with normal hematologic parameters and acceptable marrow function. Once a reasonably well-tolerated dose and schedule of SIRPαFc has been established for further study, safety and antitumor activity will be estimated in expansion cohorts of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, myelodysplastic syndrome, or MDS, and possibly several other advanced hematologic malignancies where pre-clinical proof-of-concept is particularly robust.

Blocking the CD47 “do not eat” signal using the SIRPαFc decoy receptor

Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that can ingest and destroy (phagocytose) other cells. They are part of the innate immune system that helps to protect the body from infection. More recently, a role for macrophages in the control of tumors has been described.

Macrophage activity is controlled by both positive “eat” and negative “do not eat” signals. Tumor cells may express “eat” signals (e.g., calreticulin) that make themselves visible to macrophages. To counterbalance this increased visibility the tumor cells often express high levels of CD47, which transmits a “do not eat” signal by binding signal regulatory protein alpha, or SIRPα, on the surface of macrophages. We believe that the higher expression of CD47 on the tumor cell helps it evade destruction by the macrophage by overwhelming any activating “eat” signals.

SIRPαFc is an antibody-like protein that consists of the CD47-binding domain of human SIRPα linked to the Fc region of a human immunoglobulin. It is designed to act as a soluble decoy receptor, preventing CD47 from delivering its inhibitory signal. Neutralization of the inhibitory CD47 signal enables the activation of macrophage anti-tumor effects by the pro-phagocytic “eat” signals. The Fc region of SIRPαFc may, depending on its identity, also assist in the activation of macrophages by engaging Fc receptors.

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Figure 1, below, illustrates how SIRPαFc blocks the CD47 “do not eat” signal.

In addition to their direct anti-tumor activity, macrophages can also function as antigen-presenting cells and stimulate antigen-specific T cells. Recent data in mice have demonstrated that CD47 antibody blockade increases antigen presentation by macrophages and stimulates the development of anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell responses. We hypothesize that increasing macrophage phagocytosis by SIRPαFc treatment may also enhance tumor-specific T cell responses. Thus, SIRPαFc may enhance both the innate (macrophage) and adaptive (T cell) components of an anti-tumor immune response.

SIRPαFc has broad clinical potential

We believe that SIRPαFc has broad clinical potential in both hematological and solid tumors. High expression of the CD47 “do not eat” signal on tumor cells has been observed in AML, MDS, chronic myeloid leukemia, or CML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or ALL, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, or DLBCL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or CLL, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, multiple myeloma and in the following solid tumors: bladder, brain, breast, colon, leiomyosarcoma, liver, melanoma, ovarian and prostate. In a number of these cancers high CD47 expression was shown to have negative clinical consequences, correlating with more aggressive disease and poor survival. In normal karyotype AML patients, for example, high CD47 expression was correlated with worse event-free survival (6.8 vs. 17.1 months) and worse overall survival (9.1 vs. 22.1 months) compared to low CD47 expression. These data are consistent with CD47 providing a survival advantage to tumor cells. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that antibody blockade of CD47 has demonstrated activity in mice engrafted with human tumors.

In August 2014, we entered into a collaboration with academic investigators to explore the therapeutic potential of SIRPαFc in a variety of solid tumor models. The research is being conducted in the laboratories of Drs. James Koropatnick and Ting-Yim Lee, at the Lawson Health Research Institute and the Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario. Our funding is matched 1:1 by a grant from the Ontario Research Fund – Research Excellence providing the collaboration with a research budget approximating $600,000. We are also working with collaborators at University Health Network, or UHN, and Hospital for Sick Children, or HSC, and other institutions.

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SIRPα – Minimal Red Blood Cell Binding

We believe that our approach of using SIRPα, the natural binding partner for CD47, may have important advantages over treatment with CD47-specific antibodies. In April 2015, we presented data at the 106th American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting demonstrating that our SIRPαFc fusion proteins exhibit minimal binding to human red blood cells, or RBCs, compared to anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies. These data build upon preliminary results announced at the 2014 American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting.

The very low RBC binding profile of our SIRPαFc proteins may provide two important advantages over other CD47 blocking agents. First, there may be a lower risk of experiencing drug-induced anemia with SIRPαFc. This potential advantage may translate into improved patient care, particularly in diseases such as AML where almost all patients experience cytopenias including anemia. Second, SIRPαFc may remain in circulation for longer intervals compared to CD47 antibodies, which have been demonstrated to bind strongly to circulating RBCs and may thus be more likely to be removed from circulation. The ability of RBCs to absorb and remove circulating CD47-specific antibodies, an “antigen-sink effect”, may necessitate high doses of antibody in order to effectively target the tumor cells, which may lead to potentially higher off-target toxicity. Therefore, SIRPαFc may be associated with both improved tolerability and drug kinetics compared with CD47-specific antibodies based on these preclinical analyses.

Combination Therapy

We believe that SIRPαFc enhancement of macrophage activity and possibly T cell responses could be synergistic with other immune-mediated therapies. Published studies conducted by third parties provide evidence that SIRPαFc may be useful in combination with approved anti-cancer antibodies (e.g., Rituxan®, Herceptin®, Campath®). Since many cancer antibodies work at least in part by activating cells of the innate immune system, it may be possible to enhance the potency of these agents by blocking the negative “do not eat” CD47 signal that tumor cells deliver to macrophages. We hypothesize that SIRPαFc may act synergistically with other immunological agents, including T cell checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses or chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR, T cells.

Agreements with Catalent Pharma Solutions

In connection with our development of SIRPαFc, we entered into two agreements on August 12, 2014 with Catalent Pharma Solutions, LLC, or Catalent, pursuant to which we acquired the right to use two of Catalent’s proprietary GPEx® expression cell lines for the manufacture of two SIRPαFc proteins: TTI-621 and TTI-622. One agreement relates to the manufacture of TTI-621 and the other agreement relates to the manufacture of TTI-622. Under the agreements, we may use the two expression cell lines to secure regulatory approvals and to develop, test, market and otherwise commercially exploit products originating from the cell lines. We may transfer the expression cell lines to a third party contract manufacturer who may utilize the cell lines in a similar fashion. We, or a third-party, cannot use or modify the cell lines, or any portions of the cell lines, to create a new cell line.

Capital Markets

We were listed on the TSX Venture Exchange, or TSXV, until April 22, 2014 when we migrated to the Toronto Stock Exchange, or TSX. We traded under the symbol “SSS” until June 6, 2014 when the symbol was changed to “TR”. We were listed on the OTCQX International under the symbol “SCTPF” from May 20, 2013 until we began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “TRIL” on December 19, 2014.

Legal Proceedings

To our knowledge, there have not been any legal or arbitration proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings, those involving any third party, and governmental proceedings pending or known to be contemplated, which may have, or have had in the recent past, significant effect our financial position or profitability.

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Also, to our knowledge, there have been no material proceedings in which any director, any member of senior management, or any of our affiliates is either a party adverse to us or any of our subsidiaries or has a material interest adverse to us or any of our subsidiaries.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014

Overview

Since inception, we have incurred losses while advancing the research and development of our products. Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2015 of $1,505,979 was lower than the loss of $2,526,527 for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 of $11,744,856 exceeded the loss of $8,666,958 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Research and development costs for both 2015 periods were significantly higher than 2014 due mainly to higher costs for SIRPαFc development and manufacturing, as well as increased personnel costs. The loss for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was lower than the comparative period due mainly to a net foreign exchange gain of $4,019,251 which partially offset the higher research and development expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses by program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

		Three months			Nine months			Three months			Nine months
		ended			ended			ended			ended
		September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			September 30,
		2015			2015			2014			2014
		$			$			$			$
SIRPαFc		4,954,248			13,646,286			2,073,803			5,544,295
Tigecycline		-			-			1,194			1,091,172
Other		563			38,222			14,980			125,394
Total(1)		4,954,811			13,684,508			2,089,977			6,760,861

Note:

(1)

Research and development expenditures in the above table include all direct and indirect costs for the programs, personnel costs, intellectual property related costs net of recoveries, share-based compensation and research and development overhead, and is net of government assistance. Research and development overhead costs have been allocated to the programs based mainly on personnel time spent on the programs.

During 2015, most of our resources were focused on the development of our SIRPαFc program. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, research and development costs increased over the same period in the prior year as we incurred manufacturing costs to supply our planned clinical trial and regulatory costs for our IND submitted in the third quarter of 2015. In the second quarter of 2014, we discontinued our tigecycline program and recorded an impairment loss of $429,763.

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Components of research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

		2015			2014
		$			$
Research and development programs excluding the below items		3,319,494			1,419,374
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		1,258,570			543,665
Share-based compensation		361,341			244,552
Amortization of intangible assets		84,837			84,837
Depreciation of property and equipment		51,735			11,649
Investment tax credits		(121,166	)		(214,100	)
		4,954,811			2,089,977

Components of research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

		2015			2014
		$			$
Research and development programs excluding the below items		9,319,256			3,242,449
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		2,976,237			1,593,041
Share-based compensation		1,421,320			1,367,829
Amortization of intangible assets		254,511			525,939
Impairment of intangible assets		-			429,763
Depreciation of property and equipment		85,881			31,779
Investment tax credits		(372,697	)		(429,939	)
		13,684,508			6,760,861

The increase in research and development program expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was due mainly to an increase in SIRPαFc development expenses of $1,750,512 related to manufacturing, preclinical studies and advisory costs for our IND filing. Salaries, fees and short-term benefits increased in the three months ended September 30, 2015 due to higher staffing and salaries compared to the same period in 2014. Share-based compensation increased due to new options granted in 2015 with higher fair values as determined by the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Tax credits were lower for the three months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same quarter of 2014, due to fewer expenses that were eligible for certain Ontario tax credits.

The increase in research and development program expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was due mainly to drug development, manufacturing, and other preclinical expenses for SIRPαFc of $6,019,635. Salaries, fees, and short-term benefits increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 due to added research and development personnel and salary increases. Amortization and impairment of intangible assets was lower in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 due to the discontinuation of the tigecycline program in 2014 and resultant impairment loss.

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General and Administrative

Components of general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

		2015			2014
		$			$
General and administrative expenses excluding the below items		328,218			253,427
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		347,722			185,282
Share-based compensation		45,609			61,363
		721,549			500,072

Components of general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

		2015			2014
		$			$
General and administrative expenses excluding the below items		1,061,057			1,017,064
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		778,761			495,908
DSU units issued for director compensation		300,000			240,000
Share-based compensation		152,988			384,642
		2,292,806			2,137,614

General and administrative costs for the three months ended September 30, 2015 were higher than the comparable prior year period due mainly to higher insurance costs related to our NASDAQ stock exchange listing and personnel related costs.

General and administrative costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were higher than the comparable prior year period due to the same factors discussed above and due to a higher number of DSUs issued for director compensation. The increase was partially offset by lower share-based compensation costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 as fewer stock options were issued to administrative personnel during the period.

Finance income and costs

Finance income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was higher than the prior year comparable periods due mainly to a net foreign currency gain of $4,019,251 and $3,943,274, respectively, due mainly to holding U.S. dollar denominated cash with a strengthening U.S. dollar. Interest income in 2015 was also higher due mainly to higher average cash balances.

Finance costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were comparable to the prior year periods.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash, working capital, and debt

Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily from sales of equity, proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options, and from interest income on funds available for investment.

Our primary capital needs are for funds to support our scientific research and development activities including manufacturing, preclinical studies and clinical trials, administrative costs and for working capital.

We have experienced operating losses and cash outflows from operations since incorporation, will require ongoing financing in order to continue our research and development activities, and we have not earned significant revenue or reached successful commercialization of our products. Our future operations are dependent upon our ability to finance our cash requirements which will allow us to continue our research and development activities and the commercialization of our products. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in continuing to finance our operations.

On April 7, 2015, we completed an underwritten public offering of common shares and non-voting convertible preferred shares in the United States. In the offering, we sold 1,750,754 common shares and 1,077,605 Series II Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares at a price of U.S. $19.50 per share, including 228,359 common shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional common shares. The gross proceeds from this offering were $68,875,067 (U.S. $55,153,000) before deducting offering expenses of $4,913,443.

The Series II Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares sold in the offering are non-voting and are convertible into common shares, on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustment), at any time at the option of the holder, subject to certain restrictions on conversion. Holders may not convert Series II Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares into common shares if, after giving effect to the exercise of conversion, the holder and its joint actors would have beneficial ownership or direction or control over common shares in excess of 4.99% of the then outstanding common shares. This limit may be raised at the option of the holder on 61 days’ prior written notice: (i) up to 9.99%, (ii) up to 19.99%, subject to clearance of a personal information form submitted by the holder to the Toronto Stock Exchange, and (iii) above 19.99%, subject to approval by the Toronto Stock Exchange and shareholder approval.

On May 29, 2015, we filed a base shelf prospectus with the British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Nova Scotia securities commissions in Canada and a Form F-10 registration statement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, that provides that we may sell under the prospectus from time to time over the following 25 months up to U.S. $100 million, in one or more offerings, of common shares, First Preferred shares, warrants to purchase common shares, or units comprising a combination of common shares, First Preferred shares and/or warrants.

There is a significant number of warrants outstanding which are in-the-money as of the period-end date and may provide future liquidity.

Our cash totaled $89,082,852 at September 30, 2015 compared to $26,165,056 at December 31, 2014. As at September 30, 2015, our working capital increased to $87,089,934 compared to $23,989,252 at December 31, 2014 due mainly to funds received in the April 7, 2015 offering plus warrant exercises, partially offset by cash used in operations. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities as at September 30, 2015 of $3,060,159 were lower than the balance of $3,248,984 at December 31, 2014, due mainly to the timing of payment of invoices for manufacturing and preclinical studies. Amounts receivable as at September 30, 2015 were $816,515 compared to $344,416 at December 31, 2014. The increase in amounts receivable was due mainly to the recording of expected refundable tax credits on research and development activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

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We are indebted to the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario, or FedDev, under a non-interest bearing contribution agreement and are making monthly repayments of $9,586 through November 2019. As at September 30, 2015, the balance repayable is $469,693. The loan payable was discounted using an estimated market interest rate of 15%. Interest expense accretes on the discounted loan amount until it reaches its face value at maturity.

As at September 30, 2015, we have a deferred lease inducement of $300,084 for a new facility lease. The inducement benefit will be recognized over the expected term of the lease.

We have a long-term liability of $56,804 related to certain discontinued technologies. This liability was discounted using an estimated market interest rate of 15% and interest expense is accreting.

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash used in operating activities increased to $13,699,304 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to $5,409,026 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, due mainly to higher research and development expenses in the current year.

Cash flows from investing activities

Cash used in investing activities totaled $522,133 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to $123,088 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due to higher purchases of property and equipment compared to the prior period.

Cash flows from financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities totaled $73,156,247 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to $829,986 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was due mainly to the completion of an underwritten public offering of common shares and non-voting convertible preferred shares in April 2015.

Contractual Obligations and Contingencies

We enter into research, development and license agreements in the ordinary course of business where we receive research services and rights to proprietary technologies. Milestone and royalty payments that may become due under various agreements are dependent on, among other factors, clinical trials, regulatory approvals and ultimately the successful development of a new drug, the outcome and timing of which is uncertain.

Under the license agreement with UHN for SIRPαFc, we have future contingent milestones payable of $35,000 related to successful patent grants, and $100,000, $200,000 and $300,000 payable on the first patient dosed in phase I, II and III trials respectively. The regulatory milestone payments amount to $1 million on each of the submission of a first biologics license application, or BLA, in the U.S. and receipt of first regulatory approval in the U.S. and proportionate payments in other territories worldwide. The aggregate milestones payable on their first achievement under the agreement in the major markets of the U.S., Europe and Asia combined are $5,660,000. Under the license agreement, Trillium is required to pay 20% of any sublicensing revenues to the licensors on the first $50 million of sublicensing revenues, and pay 15% of any sublicensing revenues to the licensors after the first $50 million of sublicensing revenue received.

Under two agreements with Catalent pursuant to which we acquired the right to use a proprietary expression system for the manufacture of two SIRPαFc constructs, we have future contingent milestones on pre-marketing approval of up to U.S. $875,000 and aggregate sales milestone payments of up to U.S. $28.8 million for each agreement.

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We periodically enter into research and license agreements with third parties that include indemnification provisions customary in the industry. These guarantees generally require us to compensate the other party for certain damages and costs incurred as a result of claims arising from research and development activities undertaken by or on our behalf. In some cases, the maximum potential amount of future payments that could be required under these indemnification provisions could be unlimited. These indemnification provisions generally survive termination of the underlying agreement. The nature of the indemnification obligations prevents us from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount it could be required to pay. Historically, we have not made any indemnification payments under such agreements and no amount has been accrued in our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements with respect to these indemnification obligations.

Other than as disclosed below, we did not have any contractual obligations relating to long-term debt obligations, capital (finance) lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities reflected on our balance sheet as at September 30, 2015:

Notes:

	(1)	Contractual obligations in the above table do not include amounts in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on our balance sheet as at September 30, 2015. Annual technology license fees currently approximating $50,000 are not included in the above table.
	(2)	Contingent milestones under the UHN license agreement and the Catalent expression system agreements are not included in the above table.
	(3)	Amounts due to FedDev repayable in equal monthly installments of $9,586 through November 2019.
	(4)	Includes operating lease obligations for laboratory and office facilities.
	(5)	Long-term liability related to the cessation of the development of our regenerative medicine products.

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Description of Share Capital

The continuity of the number of our issued and outstanding common and preferred shares for the year ended December 31, 2014, the nine months ended September 30, 2015, and to the date of this MD&A is presented below:

		Number of Series I			Number of Series II			Number of
		Preferred Shares(1	)		Preferred Shares(2	)		Common Shares
Balance December 31, 2013		77,895,165			-			121,752,380
Consolidation 1 for 30		-			-			(117,693,972	)
Issued on exercise of stock options		-			-			2,614
Issued on exercise of warrants		-			-			86,540
Preferred shares converted to common shares		(8,390,476	)		-			279,682
Balance at December 31, 2014		69,504,689			-			4,427,244
Issued on exercise of stock options		-			-			6,666
Issued on exercise of warrants		-			-			1,008,928
Issued in public offering		-			1,077,605			1,750,754
Preferred shares converted to common shares		(4,600,000	)		-			153,333
Balance at September 30, 2015		64,904,689			1,077,605			7,346,925
Issued on exercise of warrants		-			-			183
Balance at the date of this MD&A		64,904,689			1,077,605			7,347,108

Notes:

	(1)	Convertible at a ratio of 30 Series I Preferred Shares for one common share.
	(2)	Convertible at a ratio of one Series II Preferred Share for one common share.

Share capital issued – for the nine months ended September 30, 2015

On April 7, 2015, we completed an underwritten public offering of common shares and non-voting convertible preferred shares in the United States. In the offering, we sold 1,750,754 common shares and 1,077,605 Series II Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares at a price of U.S. $19.50 per share, including 228,359 common shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional common shares. The gross proceeds from this offering were $68,875,067 (U.S. $55,153,000) before deducting offering expenses of $4,913,443. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, 1,008,928 common shares were issued on the exercise of 30,268,151 warrants for proceeds of $8,995,658 and 6,666 stock options were exercised for proceeds of $49,995. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, 4,600,000 Series I First Preferred Shares were converted into 153,333 common shares.

Share capital issued – for the year ended December 31, 2014

On November 14, 2014, we consolidated our outstanding common shares issuing one post-consolidated share for each 30 pre-consolidated shares. All references in this MD&A to the number of common shares, deferred share units and stock options refer to the post-consolidation amounts.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, 2,596,251 warrants were exercised for 86,540 common shares and for proceeds of $946,813 and 2,614 stock options were exercised for proceeds of $19,600. Also, 909,091 warrants issued in March 2011 expired unexercised.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, 8,390,476 Series I First Preferred Shares were converted into 279,682 common shares.

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Warrants

As a result of the November 14, 2014 common share consolidation, the ratio of the number of warrants exercisable for one common share was adjusted from one warrant for one common share to thirty warrants for one common share. The number of warrants outstanding was not adjusted.

The continuity of the number of issued and outstanding warrants for the year ended December 31, 2014, the nine months ended September 30, 2015, and to the date of this MD&A is presented below:

		Number of
		Warrants
Balance December 31, 2013		142,230,123
Exercised		(2,596,251	)
Expired		(909,091	)
Balance at December 31, 2014		138,724,781
Exercised		(30,268,151	)
Balance at September 30, 2015		108,456,630
Exercised		(5,490	)
Balance at the date of this MD&A		108,451,140

The following table shows the number of warrants outstanding, the exercise prices, and the number of common shares issuable on exercise of the warrants and the exercise price per common share for 30 warrants at September 30, 2015:

								Number of			Exercise
								Common shares			Price per
		Number of			Exercise			Issuable			Common Share
Expiry dates		Warrants			Price			on Exercise			(30 Warrants	)
December 13, 2015		2,234,784		$	0.21			74,493		$	6.30
March 15, 2018		9,219,270		$	0.40			307,309		$	12.00
March 27, 2018		420,000		$	0.40			14,000		$	12.00
December 13, 2018		96,582,576		$	0.28			3,219,419		$	8.40
Total		108,456,630						3,615,221

Our board of directors authorized or ratified the issuances of the warrants set forth in the table above and the issuance of one common share upon the due exercise of every 30 warrants in accordance with its terms and the receipt by us of the designated exercise price payable in respect of the share prior to the time of expiry on the designated expiry date.

Stock Options

We have a 10% rolling stock option plan, or the 2014 Stock Option Plan, which was approved by our shareholders at our annual general meeting held on May 27, 2014. Pursuant to the 2014 Stock Option Plan, we may grant stock options to purchase up to an aggregate of 10% of our issued and outstanding common shares plus 10% of the total number of common shares into which the outstanding First Preferred Shares may be converted. Options granted under the 2014 Stock Option plan are equity-settled, have a vesting period of four years and have a maximum term of ten years. As at September 30, 2015, the Company may issue an additional 312,454 stock options under the 2014 Stock Option Plan.

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The continuity of the number of issued and outstanding stock options for the year ended December 31, 2014, the nine months ended September 30, 2015, and to the date of this MD&A is presented below:

		Number of			Weighted Average
		Options			Exercise Price
Balance December 31, 2013		97,372			9.94
Granted		499,883			9.78
Exercised		(2,614	)		7.50
Cancelled/ forfeited		(4,500	)		16.58
Balance at December 31, 2014		590,141			9.76
Granted		126,500			25.00
Exercised		(6,666	)		7.50
Cancelled/forfeited		(3,000	)		30.00
Balance at September 30, 2015 and at the date of this MD&A		706,975		$	12.42

Deferred Share Unit Plan

Our shareholders approved the 2014 DSU Plan on May 27, 2014. The 2014 DSU Plan is intended to promote a greater alignment of long-term interests between our non-executive directors and executive officers and our shareholders through the issuance of DSUs. Since the value of a DSU increases or decreases with the market price of the common shares, DSUs reflect a philosophy of aligning the interests of directors and executive officers with those of the shareholders by tying compensation to share price performance. The Board of Directors intends to use DSUs issued under the 2014 DSU Plan, as well as stock options issued under the 2014 Stock Option Plan, as part of our overall director and executive officer compensation program. A total of 28,777 units were issued during the year ended December 31, 2014 and 10,597 units were issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 for payment of director fees. We had 39,374 units outstanding as at September 30, 2015. We have reserved for issuance up to 66,667 common shares under the 2014 DSU Plan.

Fully Diluted Share Capital

The number of issued and outstanding common shares, Series I First Preferred Shares, Series II First Preferred Shares warrants, stock options and DSUs on a fully converted basis as at September 30, 2015 was as follows:

		Number of common
		share equivalents
Common shares		7,346,925
Series I First Preferred Shares		2,163,490
Series II First Preferred Shares		1,077,605
Warrants		3,615,221
Stock options		706,975
Deferred share units		39,374
Fully diluted common shares as at September 30, 2015		14,949,590

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Shareholder Rights Plan

On October 17, 2013 our shareholders adopted a shareholder rights plan, or the 2013 Rights Plan, and approved certain amendments on May 27, 2014, or the Rights Plan Amendment, and which together with the 2013 Rights Plan may be referred to as the Rights Plan. The Rights Plan is designed to provide adequate time for the Board of Directors and the shareholders to assess an unsolicited takeover bid for the Company, to provide the Board of Directors with sufficient time to explore and develop alternatives for maximizing shareholder value if a takeover bid is made, and to provide shareholders with an equal opportunity to participate in a takeover bid and receive full and fair value for their common shares. The Rights Plan will expire at the close of our annual meeting of shareholders in 2016.

The rights issued under the Rights Plan initially attach to and trade with the common shares and no separate certificates will be issued unless an event triggering these rights occurs. The rights will become exercisable only when a person, including any party related to it, acquires or attempts to acquire 20% or more of the outstanding common shares without complying with the “Permitted Bid” provisions of the Rights Plan or without approval of the Board of Directors. Should such an acquisition occur or be announced, each right would, upon exercise, entitle a rights holder, other than the acquiring person and related persons, to purchase common shares at an approximate 50% discount to the market price at the time.

Under the Rights Plan, a Permitted Bid is a bid made to all holders of the common shares and which is open for acceptance for not less than 60 days. If at the end of 60 days at least 50% of the outstanding common shares, other than those owned by the offeror and certain related parties have been tendered, the offeror may take up and pay for the common shares but must extend the bid for a further 10 days to allow other shareholders to tender. The issuance of common shares upon the exercise of the rights is subject to receipt of certain regulatory approvals.

Related Parties

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, our key management personnel were the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Scientific Officer, Chief Medical Officer, and Chief Development Officer.

Compensation for our key management personnel for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

		2015			2014
		$			$
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits		2,115,164			1,340,397
Share-based compensation		1,714,347			1,971,926
		3,829,511			3,312,323

Executive officers and directors participate in the 2014 Stock Option Plan and the 2014 DSU Plan, and officers participate in our benefit plans. Directors receive annual fees for their services. As at September 30, 2015, the key management personnel controlled less than 1% of our voting shares.

Outstanding balances with related parties at the period-end are unsecured, interest free and settlement occurs in cash. There have been no guarantees provided or received for any related party receivables or payables. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, $0 and $7,916, respectively, was paid to a former director for consulting fees.

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Trend Information

Historical patterns of expenditures cannot be taken as an indication of future expenditures. The amount and timing of expenditures and therefore liquidity and capital resources vary substantially from period to period depending on the number of research and development programs being undertaken at any one time, the stage of the development programs, the timing of significant expenditures for manufacturing, toxicology and pharmacology studies and clinical trials, and the availability of funding from investors and prospective commercial partners.

Selected Quarterly Financial Information

*Note: Loss per share has been calculated for all periods on a post-share consolidation basis.

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Losses in the first quarter of 2013 reflected lower development and administrative activities as we searched for new technologies. The losses beginning from the second quarter of 2013 increased as a result of the merger with Trillium Privateco and the subsequent activities related primarily to advancing the SIRPαFc development program. Research and development expenses increased in 2014 and 2015 reflecting higher manufacturing and preclinical development costs for SIRPαFc as we advanced this program toward clinical development. Research and development expenses for the second quarter of 2014 were also higher due to higher non-cash share-based compensation and the recognition of an impairment charge on return of the tigecycline rights back to UHN. General and administrative expenses for the second quarter of 2014 were higher due mainly to higher non-cash share-based compensation expenses and costs associated with migrating to the TSX. General and administrative costs for the second quarter of 2015 were higher than the first quarter of 2015 due mainly to the issuance of DSUs for director fees. The net loss for the third quarter of 2015 was lower due mainly to a net foreign exchange gain of $4,019,251 that resulted from holding U.S. denominated cash with a strengthening U.S. dollar exchange rate.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

Quantitative & Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Fair Value

IFRS 13, Fair Value Measurement provides a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are those which reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflects our assumptions with respect to how market participants would price an asset or liability. These two inputs used to measure fair value fall into the following three different levels of the fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that are observable.

Level 2 Quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.

The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available.

We have classified cash and marketable securities as Level 1. The loan payable has been classified as Level 2.

Cash, marketable securities, amounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and other current liabilities, due within one year, are all short-term in nature and, as such, their carrying values approximate fair values. The fair value of the non-current loan payable and long-term liability is estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows at the cost of money to us, which is equal to its carrying value.

Risks

We are exposed to credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk and currency risk. Our Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of our risk management framework. The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing our risk management policies.

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Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to us if a counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from our cash and cash equivalents and amounts receivable. The carrying amount of these financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. We follow an investment policy to mitigate against the deterioration of principal and to enhance our ability to meet its liquidity needs. Cash and cash equivalents are on deposit with a major Canadian chartered bank. Amounts receivable are primarily comprised of amounts due from the federal government.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our financial obligations as they fall due. We are a development stage company and are reliant on external fundraising to support our operations. Once funds have been raised, we manage our liquidity risk by investing in cash and cash equivalents to provide regular cash flow for current operations. We also manage liquidity risk by continuously monitoring actual and projected cash flows. The Board of Directors reviews and approves our operating and capital budgets, as well as any material transactions not in the ordinary course of business. The majority of our accounts payable and accrued liabilities have maturities of less than three months.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. We hold our cash in bank accounts or high interest savings accounts which have a variable rate of interest. We manage our interest rate risk by holding highly liquid short-term instruments and by holding our investments to maturity, where possible. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, we earned interest income of $352,558 and $285,058, respectively. Therefore, a 1% change in the average interest rate for the years ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, would have a net impact on finance income of $3,526 and $2,851, respectively.

Currency risk

We are exposed to currency risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates and the degree of volatility of those rates. Currency risk results mainly from our expenses and working capital denominated in currencies other than the Canadian dollar, which are primarily in U.S. dollars. As at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we held U.S. dollar cash in the amount of U.S. $46,475,915 and U.S. $142,558 and had U.S. dollar denominated accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the amount of U.S. $1,044,561 and U.S. $1,910,430, respectively. Therefore, a 1% change in the foreign exchange rate would have a net impact on finance costs as at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 of $454,314 and $17,679, respectively.

U.S. dollar expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were approximately U.S. $6,500,000 and U.S. $1,400,000 respectively. Varying the U.S. exchange rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 to reflect a 5% strengthening of the Canadian dollar would have decreased the net loss by approximately $325,000 and $70,000, respectively, assuming that all other variables remained constant.

Significant Changes

We are not aware of any significant change that has occurred since September 30, 2015 included in this MD&A and that has not been disclosed elsewhere in this MD&A.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company” under the U.S. Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and will continue to qualify as an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of: (a) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1,000,000,000 (as such amount is indexed for inflation every 5 years by the SEC) or more; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common shares pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act; (c) the date on which we have, during the previous 3-year period, issued more than $1,000,000,000 in non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer”, as defined in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act.

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Generally, a company that registers any class of its securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act is required to include in the second and all subsequent annual reports filed by it under the Exchange Act, a management report on internal control over financial reporting and, subject to an exemption available to companies that meet the definition of a “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, an auditor attestation report on management’s assessment of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. However, for so long as we continue to qualify as an emerging growth company, we will be exempt from the requirement to include an auditor attestation report in our annual reports filed under the Exchange Act, even if we do not qualify as a “smaller reporting company”. In addition, Section 103(a)(3) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, has been amended by the JOBS Act to provide that, among other things, auditors of an emerging growth company are exempt from any rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the company.

Any U.S. domestic issuer that is an emerging growth company is able to avail itself of the reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports and proxy statements, and to not present to its shareholders a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation, obtain approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved, or present the relationship between executive compensation actually paid and our financial performance. So long as we are a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to such requirements, and will not become subject to such requirements even if we were to cease to be an emerging growth company.

As a reporting issuer under the securities legislation of the Canadian provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and Alberta, we are required to comply with all new or revised accounting standards that apply to Canadian public companies. Pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, an emerging growth company may elect to utilize an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for public companies until such standards apply to private companies. We have elected not to utilize this extended transition period.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities and the determination of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions. The Company reviews its estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis. Revisions are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and may impact future periods.

The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements have been set out in Note 2 of our annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies were outlined in our annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014.

New standards and interpretations not yet effective

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

In October 2010, the IASB published amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, or IFRS 9, which provide added guidance on the classification and measurement of financial liabilities. In July 2014, the IASB issued its final version of IFRS 9, which completes the classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting phases of the IASB’s project to replace IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The final standard is mandatorily effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier application permitted. We are currently assessing the impact that the adoption of this standard may have on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or IFRS 15, which covers principles for reporting about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Entities will transition following either a full or modified retrospective approach. The Company is reviewing the standard to determine the impact on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards or amendments to existing accounting standards that have been issued, but have future effective dates, are either not applicable or are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company assesses the impact of adoption of future standards on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, but does not anticipate significant changes in 2015.

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common shares involves a high degree of risk and should be considered speculative. An investment in our common shares should only be undertaken by those persons who can afford the total loss of their investment. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as other information contained in this MD&A. The risks and uncertainties below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed and you could lose all or part of your investment. Further, if we fail to meet the expectations of the public market in any given period, the market price of our common shares could decline. We operate in a highly competitive environment that involves significant risks and uncertainties, some of which are outside of our control.

Risks Related to our Business and our Industry

We expect to incur future losses and we may never become profitable.

We have incurred losses of $11.7 million, $12.9 million and $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and for the years ended December 31, 2014, and 2013, respectively, and expect to incur an operating loss for the year ending December 31, 2015. We have an accumulated deficit since inception through September 30, 2015 of $62.3 million. We believe that operating losses will continue as we are planning to incur significant costs associated with the preclinical and clinical development of SIRPαFc. Our net losses have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on, among other things, our shareholders’ equity, total assets and working capital. We expect that losses will fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year, and that such fluctuations may be substantial. We cannot predict when we will become profitable, if at all.

We currently have no product revenue and will not be able to maintain our operations and research and development without additional funding.

To date, we have generated no product revenue and cannot predict when and if we will generate product revenue. Our ability to generate product revenue and ultimately become profitable depends upon our ability, alone or with partners, to successfully develop our product candidates, obtain regulatory approval, and commercialize products, including any of our current product candidates, or other product candidates that we may develop, in-license or acquire in the future. We do not anticipate generating revenue from the sale of products for the foreseeable future. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we advance our product candidates into clinical trials.

Our prospects depend on the success of our product candidates which are at early stages of development, and we may not generate revenue for several years, if at all, from these products.

Given the early stage of our product development, we can make no assurance that our research and development programs will result in regulatory approval or commercially viable products. To achieve profitable operations, we, alone or with others, must successfully develop, gain regulatory approval, and market our future products. We currently have no products that have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, Health Canada, or HC, or any similar regulatory authority. To obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates being developed and to achieve commercial success, clinical trials must demonstrate that the product candidates are safe for human use and that they demonstrate efficacy. While we have filed an IND application for SIRPαFc, we have not yet completed a phase I clinical trial or subsequent required clinical trials.

Many product candidates never reach the stage of clinical testing and even those that do have only a small chance of successfully completing clinical development and gaining regulatory approval. Product candidates may fail for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, being unsafe for human use or due to the failure to provide therapeutic benefits equal to or better than the standard of treatment at the time of testing. Unsatisfactory results obtained from a particular study relating to a research and development program may cause us or our collaborators to abandon commitments to that program. Positive results of early preclinical research may not be indicative of the results that will be obtained in later stages of preclinical or clinical research. Similarly, positive results from early-stage clinical trials may not be indicative of favorable outcomes in later-stage clinical trials. We can make no assurance that any future studies, if undertaken, will yield favorable results. We can make no assurances that toxicology studies will yield results that will allow us to proceed with clinical trials in humans.

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The early stage of our product development makes it particularly uncertain whether any of our product development efforts will prove to be successful and meet applicable regulatory requirements, and whether any of our product candidates will receive the requisite regulatory approvals, be capable of being manufactured at a reasonable cost or be successfully marketed. If we are successful in developing our current and future product candidates into approved products, we will still experience many potential obstacles such as the need to develop or obtain manufacturing, marketing and distribution capabilities. If we are unable to successfully commercialize any of our products, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We rely and will continue to rely on third parties to plan, conduct and monitor our preclinical studies and clinical trials, and their failure to perform as required could cause substantial harm to our business.

We rely and will continue to rely on third parties to conduct a significant portion of our preclinical and clinical development activities. Preclinical activities include in vivo studies providing access to specific disease models, pharmacology and toxicology studies, and assay development. Clinical development activities include trial design, regulatory submissions, clinical patient recruitment, clinical trial monitoring, clinical data management and analysis, safety monitoring and project management. If there is any dispute or disruption in our relationship with third parties, or if they are unable to provide quality services in a timely manner and at a feasible cost, our active development programs will face delays. Further, if any of these third parties fails to perform as we expect or if their work fails to meet regulatory requirements, our testing could be delayed, cancelled or rendered ineffective.

We rely on contract manufacturers over whom we have limited control. If we are subject to quality, cost or delivery issues with the preclinical and clinical grade materials supplied by contract manufacturers, our business operations could suffer significant harm.

We have limited manufacturing experience and rely on contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs to manufacture our product candidates for larger preclinical studies and clinical trials. We produce small quantities of our product candidates at bench scale in our laboratory facilities for use in smaller preclinical studies. We rely on CMOs for manufacturing, filling, packaging, storing and shipping of drug product in compliance with cGMP regulations applicable to our products. The FDA ensures the quality of drug products by carefully monitoring drug manufacturers’ compliance with cGMP regulations. The cGMP regulations for drugs contain minimum requirements for the methods, facilities and controls used in manufacturing, processing and packing of a drug product.

We contracted with Catalent for the manufacture of the SIRPαFc protein needed for our pre-IND toxicology and pharmacology studies and to supply drug product for our phase I clinical trial. The manufacture of recombinant proteins uses well established processes including a protein expression system. Catalent is producing SIRPαFc using their proprietary GPEx® expression system. We believe that Catalent has the capacity, the systems, and the experience to supply SIRPαFc for our planned phase I clinical trial and we may consider using Catalent for manufacturing for later clinical trials. However, since the Catalent manufacturing facility where SIRPαFc is being produced was only recently established, it has not been inspected by the FDA. Any manufacturing failures or delays or compliance issues could cause delays in the conduct of SIRPαFc preclinical studies and clinical trials.

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There can be no assurances that CMOs will be able to meet our timetable and requirements. We have not contracted with alternate suppliers in the event Catalent is unable to scale up production, or if Catalent otherwise experiences any other significant problems. If we are unable to arrange for alternative third-party manufacturing sources on commercially reasonable terms or in a timely manner, we may be delayed in the development of our product candidates. Further, contract manufacturers must operate in compliance with cGMP and failure to do so could result in, among other things, the disruption of product supplies. Our dependence upon third parties for the manufacture of our products may adversely affect our profit margins and our ability to develop and deliver products on a timely and competitive basis.

If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of regulatory authorities or do not otherwise produce positive results, we would incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our product candidates.

Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of our product candidates, we must conduct preclinical studies in animals and extensive clinical trials in humans to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the product candidates. Clinical testing is expensive and difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and has uncertain outcomes. The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not predict the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or unacceptable safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. We do not know whether the clinical trials we may conduct will demonstrate adequate efficacy and safety to result in regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates in any jurisdiction. A product candidate may fail for safety or efficacy reasons at any stage of the testing process. A major risk we face is the possibility that none of our product candidates under development will successfully gain market approval from the FDA or other regulatory authorities, resulting in us being unable to derive any commercial revenue from them after investing significant amounts of capital in multiple stages of preclinical and clinical testing.

If we experience delays in clinical testing, we will be delayed in commercializing our product candidates, and our business may be substantially harmed.

We cannot predict whether any clinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured, or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Our product development costs will increase if we experience delays in clinical testing. Significant clinical trial delays could shorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to market before us, which would impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The commencement and completion of clinical trials for our products may be delayed for a number of reasons, including delays related, but not limited, to:

• failure by regulatory authorities to grant permission to proceed or placing the clinical trial on hold;
• patients failing to enroll or remain in our trials at the rate we expect;
• suspension or termination of clinical trials by regulators for many reasons, including concerns about patient safety or failure of our contract manufacturers to comply with cGMP requirements;
• any changes to our manufacturing process that may be necessary or desired;
• delays or failure to obtain clinical supply from contract manufacturers of our products necessary to conduct clinical trials;
• product candidates demonstrating a lack of safety or efficacy during clinical trials;
• patients choosing an alternative treatment for the indications for which we are developing any of our product candidates or participating in competing clinical trials;
• patients failing to complete clinical trials due to dissatisfaction with the treatment, side effects or other reasons;
• reports of clinical testing on similar technologies and products raising safety and/or efficacy concerns;
• competing clinical trials and scheduling conflicts with participating clinicians;

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• clinical investigators not performing our clinical trials on their anticipated schedule, dropping out of a trial, or employing methods not consistent with the clinical trial protocol, regulatory requirements or other third parties not performing data collection and analysis in a timely or accurate manner;
• failure of our contract research organizations, or CROs, to satisfy their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines;
• inspections of clinical trial sites by regulatory authorities or Institutional Review Boards, or IRBs, or ethics committees finding regulatory violations that require us to undertake corrective action, resulting in suspension or termination of one or more sites or the imposition of a clinical hold on the entire study;
• one or more IRBs or ethics committees rejecting, suspending or terminating the study at an investigational site, precluding enrollment of additional subjects, or withdrawing its approval of the trial; or
• failure to reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical trial sites.

Our product development costs will increase if we experience delays in testing or approval or if we need to perform more or larger clinical trials than planned. Additionally, changes in regulatory requirements and policies may occur, and we may need to amend study protocols to reflect these changes. Amendments may require us to resubmit our study protocols to regulatory authorities or IRBs or ethics committees for re-examination, which may impact the cost, timing or successful completion of that trial. Delays or increased product development costs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and prospects.

If we have difficulty enrolling patients in clinical trials, the completion of the trials may be delayed or cancelled.

As our product candidates advance from preclinical testing to clinical testing, and then through progressively larger and more complex clinical trials, we will need to enroll an increasing number of patients that meet our eligibility criteria. There is significant competition for recruiting cancer patients in clinical trials, and we may be unable to enroll the patients we need to complete clinical trials on a timely basis or at all. The factors that affect our ability to enroll patients are largely uncontrollable and include, but are not limited to, the following:

• size and nature of the patient population;
• eligibility and exclusion criteria for the trial;
• design of the study protocol;
• competition with other companies for clinical sites or patients;
• the perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under study;
• the patient referral practices of physicians; and
• the number, availability, location and accessibility of clinical trial sites.

If we are unable to successfully develop companion diagnostics for our therapeutic product candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, we may not achieve marketing approval or realize the full commercial potential of our therapeutic product candidates.

We plan to develop companion diagnostics for our therapeutic product candidates. We expect that, at least in some cases, regulatory authorities may require the development and regulatory approval of a companion diagnostic as a condition to approving our therapeutic product candidates. We have limited experience and capabilities in developing or commercializing diagnostics and plan to rely in large part on third parties to perform these functions. We have not begun to develop companion diagnostics for any of our therapeutic product candidates.

Companion diagnostics are subject to regulation by the FDA, HC, and comparable foreign regulatory authorities as medical devices and may require separate regulatory approval or clearance prior to commercialization. If we, or any third parties that we engage to assist us, are unable to successfully develop companion diagnostics for our therapeutic product candidates, or experience delays in doing so, our business may be substantially harmed.

Regulatory approval processes are lengthy, expensive and inherently unpredictable. Our inability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates would substantially harm our business.

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Our development and commercialization activities and product candidates are significantly regulated by a number of governmental entities, including the FDA, HC, and comparable authorities in other countries. Regulatory approvals are required prior to each clinical trial and we may fail to obtain the necessary approvals to commence or continue clinical testing. We must comply with regulations concerning the manufacture, testing, safety, effectiveness, labeling, documentation, advertising, and sale of products and product candidates and ultimately must obtain regulatory approval before we can commercialize the product candidate. The time required to obtain approval by such regulatory authorities is unpredictable but typically takes many years following the commencement of preclinical studies and clinical trials. Any analysis of data from clinical activities we perform is subject to confirmation and interpretation by regulatory authorities, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. Even if we believe results from our clinical trials are favorable to support the marketing of our product candidates, the FDA or other regulatory authorities may disagree. In addition, approval policies, regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We have not obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate and it is possible that none of our existing product candidates or any future product candidates will ever obtain regulatory approval.

We could fail to receive regulatory approval for our product candidates for many reasons, including, but not limited to:

• disagreement with the design or implementation of our clinical trials;
• failure to demonstrate that a product candidate is safe and effective for its proposed indication;
• failure of clinical trials to meet the level of statistical significance required for approval;
• failure to demonstrate that a product candidate’s clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks;
• disagreement with our interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials;
• the insufficiency of data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates to support the submission and filing of a BLA or other submission to obtain regulatory approval;
• deficiencies in the manufacturing processes or the failure of facilities of CMOs with whom we contract for clinical and commercial supplies to pass a pre-approval inspection; or
• changes in the approval policies or regulations that render our preclinical and clinical data insufficient for approval.

A regulatory authority may require more information, including additional preclinical or clinical data to support approval, which may delay or prevent approval and our commercialization plans, or we may decide to abandon the development program. If we were to obtain approval, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, or may approve a product candidate with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate. Moreover, depending on any safety issues associated with our product candidates that garner approval, the FDA may impose a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, thereby imposing certain restrictions on the sale and marketability of such products.

We will require additional capital to finance our operations, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. As a result, we may not complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates or develop new product candidates.

As a research and development company, our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. We expect to spend substantial funds to continue the research, development and testing of our product candidates and to prepare to commercialize products subject to FDA approval in the U.S. and similar approvals in other jurisdictions. We will also require significant additional funds if we expand the scope of our current clinical plans for the SIRPαFc program or if we were to acquire any new assets and advance their development. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, we will have to fund all of our operations and development expenditures from cash on hand, equity or debt financings, through collaborations with other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies or through financings from other sources. We expect that our existing cash at September 30, 2015 of $89,082,852 will enable us to fund our current operating plan requirements for at least the next twelve months. Additional financing will be required to meet our long term liquidity needs. If we do not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we might not be able to complete planned preclinical studies and clinical trials or pursue and obtain approval of any product candidates from the FDA and other regulatory authorities. It is possible that future financing will not be available or, if available, may not be on favorable terms. The availability of financing will be affected by the achievement of our corporate goals, the results of scientific and clinical research, the ability to obtain regulatory approvals, the state of the capital markets generally and with particular reference to drug development companies, the status of strategic alliance agreements and other relevant commercial considerations. If adequate funding is not available, we may be required to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our product development programs, or obtain funds through corporate partners or others who may require us to relinquish significant rights to product candidates or obtain funds on less favorable terms than we would otherwise accept. To the extent that external sources of capital become limited or unavailable or available on onerous terms, our intangible assets and our ability to continue our clinical development plans may become impaired, and our assets, liabilities, business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially or adversely affected.

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We face competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and our financial condition and operations will suffer if we fail to effectively compete.

The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our competitors include large, well-established pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, and academic and research institutions developing cancer therapeutics for the same indications we are targeting and competitors with existing marketed therapies. Many other companies are developing or commercializing therapies to treat the same diseases or indications for which our product candidates may be useful. Although there are no approved therapies that specifically target the CD47 pathway, some competitors use therapeutic approaches that may compete directly with our product candidates. For example, SIRPαFc is in direct competition with CD47 blocking antibodies from Stanford University, Celgene Corporation, and Novimmune SA. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we do and have significantly greater experience than us in conducting preclinical testing and human clinical trials of product candidates, scaling up manufacturing operations and obtaining regulatory approvals of products. Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for products more rapidly than we do. Our ability to compete successfully will largely depend on:

• the efficacy and safety profile of our product candidates relative to marketed products and other product candidates in development;
• our ability to develop and maintain a competitive position in the product categories and technologies on which we focus;
• the time it takes for our product candidates to complete clinical development and receive marketing approval;
• our ability to obtain required regulatory approvals;
• our ability to commercialize any of our product candidates that receive regulatory approval;
• our ability to establish, maintain and protect intellectual property rights related to our product candidates; and
• acceptance of any of our product candidates that receive regulatory approval by physicians and other healthcare providers and payers.

If we are not able to compete effectively against our current and future competitors, our business will not grow and our financial condition and operations will substantially suffer.

We heavily rely on the capabilities and experience of our key executives and scientists and the loss of any of them could affect our ability to develop our products.

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The loss of Dr. Niclas Stiernholm, our President and Chief Executive Officer, or other key members of our staff, including Dr. Robert Uger, our Chief Scientific Officer, Dr. Eric Sievers, our Chief Medical Officer, James Parsons, our Chief Financial Officer, or Dr. Penka Petrova, our Chief Development Officer, could harm us. We have employment agreements with Drs. Stiernholm, Uger, Sievers and Petrova and Mr. Parsons, although such employment agreements do not guarantee their retention. We also depend on our scientific and clinical collaborators and advisors, all of whom have outside commitments that may limit their availability to us. In addition, we believe that our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled scientific, managerial, medical, clinical and regulatory personnel, particularly as we expand our activities and seek regulatory approvals for clinical trials. We enter into agreements with our scientific and clinical collaborators and advisors, key opinion leaders and academic partners in the ordinary course of our business. We also enter into agreements with physicians and institutions who will recruit patients into our clinical trials on our behalf in the ordinary course of our business. Notwithstanding these arrangements, we face significant competition for these types of personnel from other companies, research and academic institutions, government entities and other organizations. We cannot predict our success in hiring or retaining the personnel we require for continued growth. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key personnel could potentially harm our business, operating results or financial condition.

Our employees may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are exposed to the risk of employee fraud or other misconduct. Misconduct by employees could include failures to comply with FDA regulations, provide accurate information to the FDA, comply with manufacturing standards we have established, comply with federal and state health-care fraud and abuse laws and regulations, report financial information or data accurately or disclose unauthorized activities to us. In particular, sales, marketing and business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws and regulations intended to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing, and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission, customer incentive programs and other business arrangements. Employee misconduct could also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious harm to our reputation. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a substantial impact on our business and results of operations, including the imposition of substantial fines or other sanctions.

We may expand our business through the acquisition of companies or businesses or by entering into collaborations or by in-licensing product candidates, each of which could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition.

We have in the past and may in the future seek to expand our pipeline and capabilities by acquiring one or more companies or businesses, entering into collaborations, or in-licensing one or more product candidates. For example, in April 2013, we acquired Trillium Privateco to acquire novel cancer therapeutics, an experienced scientific management team and internal development capabilities. We licensed intellectual property relating to methods and compounds for the modulation of the SIRPα-CD47 interaction for therapeutic cancer applications from UHN and HSC. In April 2013, we also in-licensed tigecycline which was subsequently returned to the UHN in 2014. Acquisitions, collaborations and in-licenses involve numerous risks, including, but not limited to:

• substantial cash expenditures;
• technology development risks;
• potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities;
• incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, some of which may be difficult or impossible to identify at the time of acquisition;
• difficulties in assimilating the operations of the acquired companies;
• potential disputes regarding contingent consideration;
• diverting our management’s attention away from other business concerns;

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• entering markets in which we have limited or no direct experience; and
• potential loss of our key employees or key employees of the acquired companies or businesses.

We have experience in making acquisitions, entering collaborations, and in-licensing product candidates, however, we cannot provide assurance that any acquisition, collaboration or in-license will result in short-term or long-term benefits to us. We may incorrectly judge the value or worth of an acquired company or business or in-licensed product candidate. In addition, our future success would depend in part on our ability to manage the rapid growth associated with some of these acquisitions, collaborations and in-licenses. We cannot provide assurance that we would be able to successfully combine our business with that of acquired businesses, manage a collaboration or integrate in-licensed product candidates. Furthermore, the development or expansion of our business may require a substantial capital investment by us.

Negative results from clinical trials or studies of others and adverse safety events involving the targets of our products may have an adverse impact on our future commercialization efforts.

From time to time, studies or clinical trials on various aspects of biopharmaceutical products are conducted by academic researchers, competitors or others. The results of these studies or trials, when published, may have a significant effect on the market for the biopharmaceutical product that is the subject of the study. The publication of negative results of studies or clinical trials or adverse safety events related to our product candidates, or the therapeutic areas in which our product candidates compete, could adversely affect our share price and our ability to finance future development of our product candidates, and our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

We face the risk of product liability claims, which could exceed our insurance coverage and produce recalls, each of which could deplete our cash resources.

We are exposed to the risk of product liability claims alleging that use of our product candidates caused an injury or harm. These claims can arise at any point in the development, testing, manufacture, marketing or sale of our product candidates and may be made directly by patients involved in clinical trials of our product candidates, by consumers or healthcare providers or by individuals, organizations or companies selling our products. Product liability claims can be expensive to defend, even if the product or product candidate did not actually cause the alleged injury or harm.

Insurance covering product liability claims becomes increasingly expensive as a product candidate moves through the development pipeline to commercialization. We currently maintain clinical trial liability insurance coverage of $10 million. However, there can be no assurance that such insurance coverage is or will continue to be adequate or available to us at a cost acceptable to us or at all. We may choose or find it necessary under our collaborative agreements to increase our insurance coverage in the future. We may not be able to secure greater or broader product liability insurance coverage on acceptable terms or at reasonable costs when needed. Any liability for damages resulting from a product liability claim could exceed the amount of our coverage, require us to pay a substantial monetary award from our own cash resources and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, a product recall, if required, could generate substantial negative publicity about our products and business, inhibit or prevent commercialization of other products and product candidates or negatively impact existing or future collaborations.

In addition, some of our licensing and other agreements with third parties require or might require us to maintain product liability insurance. If we cannot maintain acceptable amounts of coverage on commercially reasonable terms in accordance with the terms set forth in these agreements, the corresponding agreements would be subject to termination, which could have a material adverse impact on our operations.

We may not achieve our publicly announced milestones according to schedule, or at all.

From time to time, we may announce the timing of certain events we expect to occur, such as the anticipated timing of results from our clinical trials. These statements are forward-looking and are based on the best estimates of management at the time relating to the occurrence of such events. However, the actual timing of such events may differ from what has been publicly disclosed. The timing of events such as initiation or completion of a clinical trial, filing of an application to obtain regulatory approval, or announcement of additional clinical trials for a product candidate may ultimately vary from what is publicly disclosed. For example, we cannot provide assurances that the SIRPαFc phase I clinical trial will be initiated on schedule, if at all, or that we will make regulatory submissions or receive regulatory approvals as planned. These variations in timing may occur as a result of different events, including the nature of the results obtained during a clinical trial or during a research phase, problems with a CMO or a CRO or any other event having the effect of delaying the publicly announced timeline. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law. Any variation in the timing of previously announced milestones could have a material adverse effect on our business plan, financial condition or operating results and the trading price of common shares.

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We are exposed to the financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates and the degrees of volatility of those rates.

We may be adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations. To date, we have been primarily funded through issuances of equity, proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options and from interest income on funds available for investment, which are all denominated in Canadian dollars. A growing portion of our expenditures are in U.S. dollars, however, and we are, therefore, subject to foreign currency fluctuations which may, from time to time, impact our financial position and results of operations.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we are unable to adequately protect and enforce our intellectual property, our competitors may take advantage of our development efforts or acquired technology and compromise our prospects of marketing and selling our key products.

We own two patent families relating to SIRPα. One family covers the use of SIRPα to treat cancer. The other family relates to the composition of matter of SIRPα. Our success will depend in part upon our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technologies and upon the nature of the intellectual property protection we receive. For example, some of our patent portfolio covers primarily methods of use but not compositions of matter. The ability to compete effectively and to achieve partnerships will depend on our ability to develop and maintain proprietary aspects of our technology and to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others. The presence of such proprietary rights of others could severely limit our ability to develop and commercialize our products, to conduct our existing research and could require financial resources to defend litigation, which may be in excess of our ability to raise such funds. There is no assurance that our pending patent applications or those that we intend to acquire will be approved in a form that will be sufficient to protect our proprietary technology and gain or keep any competitive advantage that we may have.

The patent positions of pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal, scientific and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. Patents issued to us or our respective licensors may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. To the extent our intellectual property, including licensed intellectual property, offers inadequate protection, or is found to be invalid or unenforceable, we are exposed to a greater risk of direct competition. If our intellectual property does not provide adequate protection against our competitors’ products, our competitive position could be adversely affected, as could our business, financial condition and results of operations. Both the patent application process and the process of managing patent disputes can be time consuming and expensive, and the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of Canada and the United States.

We will be able to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary technologies, key products, and any future products are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets, and provided we have the funds to enforce our rights, if necessary.

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If we lose our licenses from third-party owners we may be unable to continue a substantial part of our business.

We are party to a number of licenses that give us rights to intellectual property that is necessary or useful for a substantial part of our business. Pursuant to our exclusive license agreement with UHN and HSC under which we license certain patent rights for our key products and their uses, we are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize products based on the licensed rights and pay certain royalties and sublicensing revenue to UHN and HSC. These licenses require that we pay development milestone payments, regulatory milestone payments, royalties on net sales, and sublicensing revenues, as well as annual maintenance fees.

We have also entered into agreements allowing us to manufacture SIRPαFc using Catalent’s proprietary GPEx® expression system. The consideration includes payments at the time we successfully reach a series of development and sales milestones. We may also enter into licenses in the future to access additional third-party intellectual property.

If we fail to pay annual maintenance fees, development and sales milestones, or it is determined that we did not use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize licensed products, we could lose our licenses which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We may require additional third-party licenses to effectively develop and manufacture our key products and are currently unable to predict the availability or cost of such licenses.

A substantial number of patents have already been issued to other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. To the extent that valid third-party patent rights cover our products or services, we or our strategic collaborators would be required to seek licenses from the holders of these patents in order to manufacture, use or sell these products and services, and payments under them would reduce our profits from these products and services. We are currently unable to predict the extent to which we may wish or be required to acquire rights under such patents, the availability and cost of acquiring such rights, and whether a license to such patents will be available on acceptable terms or at all. There may be patents in the U.S. or in foreign countries or patents issued in the future that are unavailable to license on acceptable terms. Our inability to obtain such licenses may hinder or eliminate our ability to manufacture and market our products.

Changes in patent law and its interpretation could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our product candidates.

As is the case with other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the biopharmaceutical industry involves technological and legal complexity, and obtaining and enforcing biopharmaceutical patents is costly, time-consuming and inherently uncertain. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our and our licensors’ or collaborators’ ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents, once obtained. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our and our licensors’ or collaborators’ ability to obtain new patents or to enforce existing patents and patents we and our licensors or collaborators may obtain in the future.

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Recent patent reform legislation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our and our licensors’ or collaborators’ patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our or our licensors’ or collaborators’ issued patents. On September 16, 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the Leahy-Smith Act, was signed into law. The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. The USPTO recently developed new regulations and procedures to govern administration of the Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act, and in particular, the first to file provisions, only became effective on March 16, 2013. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business. However, the Leahy-Smith Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our or our licensors’ or collaborators’ patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our or our licensors’ or collaborators’ issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Litigation regarding patents, patent applications, and other proprietary rights may be expensive, time consuming and cause delays in the development and manufacturing of our key products.

Our success will depend in part on our ability to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by extensive patent litigation. Other parties may have, or obtain in the future, patents and allege that the use of our technologies infringes these patent claims or that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization.

In addition, third parties may challenge or infringe upon our existing or future patents. Proceedings involving our patents or patent applications or those of others could result in adverse decisions regarding:

• the patentability of our inventions relating to our key products; and/or
• the enforceability, validity, or scope of protection offered by our patents relating to our key products.

If we are unable to avoid infringing the patent rights of others, we may be required to seek a license, defend an infringement action, or challenge the validity of the patents in court. Regardless of the outcome, patent litigation is costly and time consuming. In some cases, we may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion. In addition, if we do not obtain a license, develop or obtain non-infringing technology, fail to defend an infringement action successfully or have infringed patents declared invalid, we may:

• incur substantial monetary damages;
• encounter significant delays in bringing our key products to market; and/or
• be precluded from participating in the manufacture, use or sale of our key products or methods of treatment requiring licenses.

Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial costs and divert management time and attention in pursuing these proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our reliance on third parties requires us to share our trade secrets, which increases the possibility that a competitor will discover them.

Because we rely on third parties to develop our products, we must share trade secrets with them. We seek to protect our proprietary technology in part by entering into confidentiality agreements and, if applicable, material transfer agreements, collaborative research agreements, consulting agreements or other similar agreements with our collaborators, advisors, employees and consultants prior to beginning research or disclosing proprietary information. These agreements typically restrict the ability of our collaborators, advisors, employees and consultants to publish data potentially relating to our trade secrets. Our academic collaborators typically have rights to publish data, provided that we are notified in advance and may delay publication for a specified time in order to secure our intellectual property rights arising from the collaboration. In other cases, publication rights are controlled exclusively by us, although in some cases we may share these rights with other parties. We also conduct joint research and development programs which may require us to share trade secrets under the terms of research and development collaboration or similar agreements. Despite our efforts to protect our trade secrets, our competitors may discover our trade secrets, either through breach of these agreements, independent development or publication of information including our trade secrets in cases where we do not have proprietary or otherwise protected rights at the time of publication. A competitor’s discovery of our trade secrets would impair our competitive position and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

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Risks Related to Our Common Shares

Our common share price has been volatile in recent years, and may continue to be volatile.

The market prices for securities of biopharmaceutical companies, including ours, have historically been volatile. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our common shares traded on the TSX, at a high of $37.27 and a low of $10.50 per share. In the year ended December 31, 2014, on the TSXV/TSX our common shares traded at a high of $22.20 and a low of $6.30 per share. A number of factors could influence the volatility in the trading price of our common shares, including changes in the economy or in the financial markets, industry related developments, the results of product development and commercialization, changes in government regulations, and developments concerning proprietary rights, litigation and cash flow. Our quarterly losses may vary because of the timing of costs for manufacturing and initiating and completing preclinical and clinical trials. Also, the reporting of adverse safety events involving our products and public rumors about such events could cause our share price to decline or experience periods of volatility. Each of these factors could lead to increased volatility in the market price of our common shares. In addition, changes in the market prices of the securities of our competitors may also lead to fluctuations in the trading price of our common shares.

We have never paid dividends and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future.

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common or preferred shares to date. The payment of dividends in the future will be dependent on our earnings and financial condition in addition to such other factors as our board of directors considers appropriate. Unless and until we pay dividends, shareholders may not receive a return on their shares. There is no present intention by our board of directors to pay dividends on our shares.

Future sales or issuances of equity securities and the conversion of outstanding securities to common shares could decrease the value of the common shares, dilute investors’ voting power, and reduce our earnings per share.

We may sell additional equity securities in future offerings, including through the sale of securities convertible into equity securities, to finance operations, acquisitions or projects, and issue additional common shares if outstanding warrants or stock options are exercised, or preferred shares are converted to common shares, which may result in dilution. See the information in the section of this MD&A entitled “Description of Share Capital” for details of our outstanding securities convertible into common shares. We filed a base shelf prospectus with securities commissions in Canada and a Form F-10 registration statement with the SEC on May 29, 2015 that provides that we may sell under the prospectus from time to time over the following 25 months up to U.S. $100 million, in one or more offerings, of common shares, First Preferred shares, warrants to purchase common shares, or units comprising a combination of common shares, First Preferred shares and/or warrants. Subject to receipt of any required regulatory approvals, subscribers of the December 2013 private placement who purchased a minimum of 10% of the securities sold under the offering received rights to purchase our securities in future financings to enable each such shareholder to maintain their percentage holding in our common shares for so long as the subscriber holds at least 10% of the outstanding common shares on a fully-diluted basis. Shareholders who do not have this future financing participation right may be disadvantaged in participating in such financings.

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Our board of directors has the authority to authorize certain offers and sales of additional securities without the vote of, or prior notice to, shareholders. Based on the need for additional capital to fund expected expenditures and growth, it is likely that we will issue additional securities to provide such capital. Such additional issuances may involve the issuance of a significant number of common shares at prices less than the current market price for our common shares.

Sales of substantial amounts of our securities, or the availability of such securities for sale, as well as the issuance of substantial amounts of our common shares upon conversion of outstanding convertible equity securities, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for our securities and dilute investors’ earnings per share. A decline in the market prices of our securities could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities should we desire to do so.

We are likely a “passive foreign investment company,” which may have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. shareholders.

U.S. investors should be aware that we believe we were classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, during the tax year ended December 31, 2014, and based on current business plans and financial expectations, we expect that we will be a PFIC for the current tax year and may be a PFIC in future tax years. If we are a PFIC for any year during a U.S. shareholder’s holding period of our common shares, then such U.S. shareholder generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of our common shares, or any so-called “excess distribution” received on our common shares, as ordinary income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such gain or distributions, unless the shareholder makes a timely and effective “qualified electing fund” election, or QEF Election, or a “mark-to-market” election with respect to our shares. A U.S. shareholder who makes a QEF Election generally must report on a current basis its share of our net capital gain and ordinary earnings for any year in which we are a PFIC, whether or not we distribute any amounts to our shareholders. A U.S. shareholder who makes the mark-to-market election generally must include as ordinary income each year the excess of the fair market value of the common shares over the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis therein. Each U.S. shareholder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares.

It may be difficult for non-Canadian investors to obtain and enforce judgments against us because of our Canadian incorporation and presence.

We are a corporation existing under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada. Several of our directors and officers, and several of the experts are residents of Canada, and all or a substantial portion of their assets, and a substantial portion of our assets, are located outside the United States. Consequently, although we have appointed an agent for service of process in the United States, it may be difficult for holders of our securities who reside in the United States to effect service within the United States upon those directors and officers, and the experts who are not residents of the United States. It may also be difficult for holders of our securities who reside in the United States to realize in the United States upon judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon our civil liability and the civil liability of our directors, officers and experts under the United States federal securities laws. Investors should not assume that Canadian courts (i) would enforce judgments of United States courts obtained in actions against us or such directors, officers or experts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws or the securities or “blue sky” laws of any state or jurisdiction of the United States or (ii) would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us or such directors, officers or experts predicated upon the United States federal securities laws or any securities or “blue sky” laws of any state or jurisdiction of the United States. In addition, the protections afforded by Canadian securities laws may not be available to investors in the United States.

If there are substantial sales of our common shares, the market price of our common shares could decline.

Sales of substantial numbers of our common shares could cause a decline in the market price of our common shares. Any sales by existing shareholders or holders who exercise their warrants or stock options may have an adverse effect on our ability to raise capital and may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

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We are an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common shares less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier. We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our share price may be more volatile.

Any failure to maintain an effective system of internal controls may result in material misstatements of our consolidated financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or fail to prevent fraud; and in that case, our shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and could negatively impact the price of our common shares.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we might not be able to report our financial results accurately or prevent fraud; and in that case, our shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and could negatively impact the price of our common shares. While we believe that we have sufficient personnel and review procedures to allow us maintain an effective system of internal controls, we cannot provide assurance that we will not experience potential material weaknesses in our internal control. Even if we conclude that our internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect fraud or misstatements. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our future reporting obligations.

If we fail to timely achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to produce reliable financial reports or help prevent fraud. Our failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could prevent us from complying with our reporting obligations on a timely basis, which could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our consolidated financial statements, harm our business and negatively impact the trading price of our common shares.

As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to certain United States securities law disclosure requirements that apply to a domestic United States issuer, which may limit the information which would be publicly available to our shareholders.

As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to comply with all the periodic disclosure requirements of the Exchange Act, and therefore, there may be less publicly available information about us than if we were a United States domestic issuer. For example, we are not subject to the proxy rules in the United States and disclosure with respect to our annual meetings will be governed by Canadian requirements.

Our charter documents and certain Canadian legislation could delay or deter a change of control, limit attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our common shares.

Our authorized preferred shares are available for issuance from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors, without shareholder approval. Our articles grant our board of directors the authority to determine the special rights and restrictions granted to or imposed on any unissued series of preferred shares, and those rights may be superior to those of our common shares. Further, the Investment Canada Act subjects any acquisition of control of a company by a non-Canadian to government review if the value of the assets as calculated pursuant to the legislation exceeds a threshold amount or in other circumstances determined at the discretion of the Canadian government. A reviewable acquisition may not proceed unless the relevant minister is satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada and the Canadian government is satisfied that no other important concerns arise from the acquisition of control. Any of the foregoing could prevent or delay a change of control and may deprive or limit strategic opportunities to our shareholders to sell their shares.

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DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

We have implemented a system of internal controls that we believe adequately protects our assets and is appropriate for the nature of our business and the size of our operations. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance that all transactions are accurately recorded, that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that our assets are safeguarded.

These internal controls include disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us is accumulated and communicated as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Internal control over financial reporting means a process designed by or under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The internal controls are not expected to prevent and detect all misstatements due to error or fraud.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. As at September 30, 2015, we have assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures using the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s 2013 framework. Based on their evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional information for Trillium can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, on EDGAR at www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml.

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FORM 52-109F2
CERTIFICATION OF INTERIM FILINGS
FULL CERTIFICATE

I, Niclas Stiernholm, Chief Executive Officer of Trillium Therapeutics Inc., certify the following:

1.	Review: I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the “interim filings”) of Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (the “issuer”) for the interim period ended September 30, 2015.
2.	No misrepresentations: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.
3.	Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.
4.	Responsibility: The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.
5.	Design: Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer’s other certifying officer and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim filings
	(a)	designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that
		(i)	material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim filings are being prepared; and
		(ii)	information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation;
	(b)	designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.
5.1	Control framework: The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer and I used to design the issuer’s ICFR is the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (COSO 2013 Framework) published by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
5.2	N/A
5.3	N/A
6.	Reporting changes in ICFR: The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuer’s ICFR that occurred during the period beginning on July 1, 2015 and ended on September 30, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR.

Date: November 10, 2015

(signed) “Niclas Stiernholm”
Niclas Stiernholm
Chief Executive Officer

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FORM 52-109F2
CERTIFICATION OF INTERIM FILINGS
FULL CERTIFICATE

I, James Parsons, Chief Financial Officer of Trillium Therapeutics Inc., certify the following:

1.	Review: I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the “interim filings”) of Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (the “issuer”) for the interim period ended September 30, 2015.
2.	No misrepresentations: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.
3.	Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.
4.	Responsibility: The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.
5.	Design: Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer’s other certifying officer and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim filings
	(a)	designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that
		(i)	material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim filings are being prepared; and
		(ii)	information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation;
	(b)	designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.
5.1	Control framework: The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer and I used to design the issuer’s ICFR is the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (COSO 2013 Framework) published by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
5.2	N/A
5.3	N/A
6.	Reporting changes in ICFR: The issuer has disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuer’s ICFR that occurred during the period beginning on July 1, 2015 and ended on September 30, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR.

Date: November 10, 2015

(signed) “James Parsons”
James Parsons
Chief Financial Officer

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