ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. This report contains certain forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to management. The statements contained in this report relating to matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, future demand for our products and services, the successful commercialization of our products, general domestic and global economic conditions, government and environmental regulations, competition and customer strategies, changes in our business strategy or development plans, capital deployment, business disruptions, including those caused by fires, raw material supplies, environmental regulations, and other risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those forward-looking statements set forth herein. When used in this report, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate” or “expect” or words of similar import are intended to identify forward-looking statements. For further discussion of certain of the matters described above and other risks and uncertainties, see below and in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our 2018 annual report on Form 10-K.
Undue reliance should not be placed on our forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to update any factors or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to reflect new information, future events or other developments.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
Overall Business Strategy
CurAegis Technologies, Inc. (“CurAegis”, “the Company”) was incorporated as a New York business corporation in September 1996 under the name Torvec, Inc. The Company’s name was changed to CurAegis Technologies, Inc. in 2016 in connection with the establishment of its two business divisions. The CURA (Circadian User Risk Assessment) division is engaged in the fatigue management business, and the Aegis division is engaged in the power and hydraulic business.
The Company develops and markets advanced technologies in the areas of safety, wellness and power. The Company is focused on the commercialization of a wellness and safety system (the CURA System) and a uniquely designed hydraulic pump that will be smaller, lighter, less expensive and more efficient than current technology. The Company has not had significant revenue-producing operations. The Company has created the CURA System to market products that reduce fatigue risk in the workplace and help individuals manage their sleep and improve alertness. The CURA System consists of the following capabilities:
|
●
|
real-time alertness monitoring,
|
|
●
|
the Group Wellness Index, and
|
|
●
|
the Z-Coach Wellness Program.
|
The Aegis hydraulic pump technology has been designed to bring to the marketplace a unique concept in hydraulic pumps and motors that will be:
|
●
|
smaller, lighter, and less expensive than conventional pumps and motors,
|
|
●
|
more efficient,
|
|
●
|
as reliable, and
|
|
●
|
unique in its ability to scale larger, allowing more powerful pumps and motors.
|
It is important to note, regarding both the CURA and Aegis products, that the cycle time from the initiation of the sales process to revenue realization can be highly variable especially for a start-up entity. In addition to the activities to be undertaken by us to implement our plan of operation detailed below, we may expand and/or refocus our marketing activities depending upon future circumstances and developments.
Information regarding the Company and all of our inventions, including regular updates on technological and business developments, can be found on our website www.curaegis.com. The website and its contents are not incorporated by reference into this report.
CURA Division: the CURA System, and Z-Coach e-learning
The Company’s CURA division is developing a proprietary technology and related products designed to (i) measure the decrease in a person’s alertness and (ii) to train individuals on how to improve alertness levels. The CURA System will enable the user and third parties to anticipate and avert undesired or disastrous situations caused by the degradation of alertness. With the information provided from the CURA software analytics, employees can work with Z-Coach, our proprietary sleep training and education solution to correct sleep issues and improve overall wellness.
During 2018, the Company released an APP that utilizes the CURA algorithm with a Fitbit device with a consumer user focus. During 2019, the Company continued to develop and refine the CURA software to expand the reporting capabilities to other devices and to include an API for corporate users. The Company is focused on these refinements and expanded code to improve the ease of use and the customer experience. We have also modified our pricing structure which we believe makes it much more attractive to potential customers. The Company anticipates this software will be ready for product sales by the fourth quarter of 2019.
CurAegis has engaged sleep study experts and neurologists to assist with the analysis and validation of our technologies. The Company believes a solutions approach can be created to indicate a “degradation of alertness” and thus give immediate and important information to the user and other parties. Action taken upon a warning of a change in alertness will lead to a better and safer environment. The CURA System is designed to provide real-time alertness monitoring that addresses sleep and fatigue management solutions. This is especially important when an individual’s alertness is essential in properly performing tasks, fulfilling responsibilities and averting disasters. The Company has filed for patent protection for these inventions.
The CURA platform is designed to predict and detect a degradation of alertness in a user and reveal sleep and fatigue problems. The CURA platform will include:
|
●
|
a proprietary tool to guide users and third parties about the alertness of the wearer,
|
|
●
|
a risk assessment that identifies the degradation of alertness potentially affecting the wearer’s ability to perform tasks,
|
|
●
|
an assessment for alertness and sleep,
|
|
●
|
real-time reporting that distills complex data into actionable information on mobile and desktop platforms,
|
|
●
|
predictive reporting for a user to take action when alertness begins to wane, before fatigue becomes dangerous,
|
|
●
|
flexible settings to provide employers a customized tool within existing safety definitions and to create protocols for a unique environment, and
|
|
●
|
pricing that makes it affordable across a broad-based workforce.
|
The Company has invested in controlled clinical studies at the Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory at the University of Boulder-Colorado and at the University of Rochester Medical Center. These studies have been used to calibrate our proprietary technologies and algorithms.
The Z-Coach tool is a key component of the CURA platform and was originally created by highly respected fatigue management scientists. We acquired Z-Coach in September 2015. Z-Coach learning topics include: Risks and Costs of Fatigue, Fundamentals of Sleep, Fatigue Mitigation and Countermeasures. Z-Coach participants gain an awareness of the dangers inherent in the lack of sleep and learn to utilize lifestyle tools to make changes to improve their health, mood, productivity and safety.
Aegis Division: Hydraulic Pump
During 2018 the Company initiated discussions with a major hydraulics manufacturer ("the Manufacturer") to evaluate our hydraulics technology. After several productive discussions, the Manufacturer and the Company signed a Memorandum of Understanding ("the MOU") to evaluate an investment in the AEGIS technologies. The Company and the Manufacturer continued discussions through March 18, 2019 when it was determined that the parties had not been able to reach an agreement to proceed. In April 2019, the Company engaged an investment banking firm to provide financial advisory services in connection with a potential sale of the Aegis technologies. Management believes these are valuable assets and will prioritize receiving a fair price for them.
The development of the Aegis hydraulic pump has taken on added significance in light of emissions regulations for off road diesel engines. To help achieve these standards, companies are attempting to run diesel engines, and their hydraulic pumps, at lower rotational speeds. This requires larger displacement hydraulic pumps to be installed to compensate for the decrease in rotational speed. Among other advantages, the Aegis hydraulic pump technology allows a larger displacement pump to fit into the same or smaller footprint than that of existing pumps. This enables manufacturers to keep the current equipment layout without the need for expensive modifications to accommodate larger hydraulic pumps.
The Aegis engineering team has completed a production prototype and is working to align the prototype capability with specific customer applications. The Company has achieved significant milestones in the design and testing of this prototype in recent years. Engineering testing, design and expansion of pump and motor functionality is continuing.
We have invested in software, test equipment and personnel to enhance our development efforts of our hydraulic pump to improve performance while maintaining the advantages we have in weight and scale. We maintain our own testing facility, which eliminates the necessity of third party testing fees and support. Our engineering and design team has progressively made adjustments to the valve and piston technology and these changes have resulted in improvement in the measured efficiency of the pump. We have filed for patent protection for our novel non-rotating group pump concept, and we are also working on additional patents as a result of engineering breakthroughs in our design process. We will continue to design modifications to enhance the overall pump technology.
Results of Operations for the Three Months ended
June 30,
2019 and 2018
Revenue, Cost of Revenue and Loss on Revenue
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Variance
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
Incr (decr)
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
2,000
|
|
|
$
|
8,000
|
|
|
$
|
(6,000
|
)
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
|
3,000
|
|
|
|
33,000
|
|
|
|
(30,000
|
)
|
Loss on revenue
|
|
$
|
(1,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
(25,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
24,000
|
|
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded $2,000 in revenue from Z-Coach stand-alone sales. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 the Company recorded $8,000 in Z-Coach stand-alone sales. The Z-Coach modules have been designed for a range of industry professionals, including aviation, trucking and busing industry and for corporate workers. Z-Coach provides fatigue safety training over a twelve-month subscription period. The user has unlimited access to this tool during the subscription period. Customers are billed at the acceptance of the subscription and revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period as our performance obligations are satisfied and when collection is reasonably assured.
As of June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company has deferred revenue of $2,000 and $9,000, respectively attributed to Z-Coach subscription revenue that will be recognized ratably as our performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company recorded $3,000 and $33,000 in cost of revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The cost of revenue includes software amortization and hosting fees incurred to provide the Z-Coach product to subscribers. Hosting and related costs were $1,000 and $2,000 in the second quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Software amortization was $2,000 and $31,000 in the second quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Capitalized software of $300,000 was fully amortized during the third quarter of 2018. Software amortization is based upon the straight-line amortization of the capitalized software over an estimated useful life of 36 months. Future amortization of capitalized software of $4,000 will be recognized through December 31, 2019.
Engineering and Development Costs and Expenses
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Variance
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
Incr (decr)
|
|
Wages and benefits
|
|
$
|
165,000
|
|
|
$
|
181,000
|
|
|
$
|
(16,000
|
)
|
Professional fee and advisors
|
|
|
34,000
|
|
|
|
71,000
|
|
|
|
(37,000
|
)
|
Parts and shop supplies
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
26,000
|
|
|
|
(26,000
|
)
|
Computer and software maintenance
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
(5,000
|
)
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
|
11,000
|
|
|
|
(5,000
|
)
|
Other costs and expenses
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
|
(2,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
210,000
|
|
|
|
301,000
|
|
|
|
(91,000
|
)
|
Stock based compensation
|
|
|
8,000
|
|
|
|
28,000
|
|
|
|
(20,000
|
)
|
Total Engineering and Development
|
|
$
|
218,000
|
|
|
$
|
329,000
|
|
|
$
|
(111,000
|
)
|
Engineering and development expenses decreased during the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to: a decrease in wages and benefits and reduced spending for parts, shop supplies and outside services. These decreases reflect reduced spending as a result of more focused engineering efforts as the Company gets closer to product commercialization. Stock compensation decreased in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the prior year reflecting vesting of grants made in 2018 on grant date for certain employees. No comparable grants were made in the second quarter of 2019.
Engineering headcount totaled seven professionals, as of June 30, 2019 and 2018.
General and Administrative Costs and Expenses
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Variance
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
Incr (decr)
|
|
Wages and benefits
|
|
$
|
235,000
|
|
|
$
|
305,000
|
|
|
$
|
(70,000
|
)
|
Professional fees and advisors
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
70,000
|
|
|
|
(15,000
|
)
|
Facilities and occupancy
|
|
|
38,000
|
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
3,000
|
|
Patents
|
|
|
11,000
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
(14,000
|
)
|
Insurance
|
|
|
23,000
|
|
|
|
26,000
|
|
|
|
(3,000
|
)
|
Conferences and travel
|
|
|
9,000
|
|
|
|
13,000
|
|
|
|
(4,000
|
)
|
Computer expense
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
8,000
|
|
|
|
(3,000
|
)
|
Shareholder support
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
19,000
|
|
|
|
(14,000
|
)
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
|
(1,000
|
)
|
Other costs and expenses
|
|
|
24,000
|
|
|
|
19,000
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
|
406,000
|
|
|
|
522,000
|
|
|
|
(116,000
|
)
|
Stock based compensation
|
|
|
37,000
|
|
|
|
7,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
Total General and Administrative
|
|
$
|
443,000
|
|
|
$
|
529,000
|
|
|
$
|
(86,000
|
)
|
General and administrative expenses decreased during the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to: a headcount decrease in our operations team and reduced spending for outside sales and marketing services. Patent costs have decreased since the comparable period in 2018 reflecting the timing of technology development and filings in international and domestic locations. Stock compensation expense increased in 2019 over the comparable quarter due to employee turnover in the second quarter of 2018 that resulted in forfeitures of approximately $46,000 in the prior year.
General and administrative headcount was eight and eleven, respectively, at June 30, 2019 and 2018.
Other Income and Expense
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Variance
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
Incr (decr)
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
$
|
(304,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
(259,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
45,000
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
$
|
(303,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
(259,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
44,000
|
|
During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized $304,000 in interest expense on the convertible and promissory notes which includes $186,000 of amortization on debt discount that is classified as interest expense. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $109,000 in interest expense on the convertible notes and $150,000 of amortization on debt discount.
The increase in interest expense in the second quarter of 2019 reflects a $61,000 decrease in outstanding principal on 2017 and 2016 notes offset by incremental borrowing of $300,000 in 2019 notes which all have a stated interest rate of 6% per annum. The current quarter increase also reflects the amortization of debt discount on new issuances of 2018 notes and July 2018 notes.
Net Loss for the three months ended
June 30,
2019 and 2018
The net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $965,000, compared with a net loss in the three months ended June 30, 2018 of $1,142,000. The net loss attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $1,019,000 compared to $1,196,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018.
The weighted average basic and diluted common shares outstanding amounted to 50,478,000 and 49,571,000 for each of the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in weighted average basic and diluted shares in the second quarter of 2019 reflects conversions of convertible notes and shares granted in payment of certain interest earned on debt instruments since the second quarter of 2018. Basic and diluted loss per common share for each of the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were $0.02 and $0.02 respectively.
Preferred stock dividends of $54,000 were recorded in the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Results of Operations for the Six Months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
Revenue, Cost of Revenue and Loss on Revenue
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Variance
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
Incr (decr)
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
9,000
|
|
|
$
|
16,000
|
|
|
$
|
(7,000
|
)
|
Cost of revenue
|
|
|
9,000
|
|
|
|
70,000
|
|
|
|
(61,000
|
)
|
Loss on revenue
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
(54,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
54,000
|
|
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded $9,000 in revenue from Z-Coach stand-alone sales. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 the Company recorded $12,000 in Z-Coach stand-alone sales and $4,000 in pilot revenue from the CURA System.
The Z-Coach modules have been designed for a range of industry professionals, including aviation, trucking and busing industry and for corporate workers. Z-Coach provides fatigue safety training over a twelve-month subscription period. The user has unlimited access to this tool during the subscription period. Customers are billed at the acceptance of the subscription and revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period as our performance obligations are satisfied and when collection is reasonably assured.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, ten Z-Coach subscriptions were sold to two customers resulting in total customer sales of $1,000. As of June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company has deferred revenue of $2,000 and $9,000, respectively attributed to Z-Coach subscription revenue that will be recognized ratably as our performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company recorded $9,000 and $70,000 in cost of revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The cost of revenue includes software amortization and hosting fees incurred to provide the Z-Coach product to subscribers. Hosting and related costs were $3,000 and $8,000 in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Software amortization was $6,000 and $62,000 in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Capitalized software of $300,000 was fully amortized during the third quarter of 2018. Software amortization is based upon the straight-line amortization of the capitalized software over an estimated useful life of 36 months. Future amortization of capitalized software of $4,000 will be fully recognized by December 31, 2019.
Engineering and Development Costs and Expenses
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Variance
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
Incr (decr)
|
|
Wages and benefits
|
|
$
|
330,000
|
|
|
$
|
431,000
|
|
|
$
|
(101,000
|
)
|
Professional fee and advisors
|
|
|
163,000
|
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
(37,000
|
)
|
Parts and shop supplies
|
|
|
12,000
|
|
|
|
48,000
|
|
|
|
(36,000
|
)
|
Computer and software maintenance
|
|
|
12,000
|
|
|
|
22,000
|
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
13,000
|
|
|
|
21,000
|
|
|
|
(8,000
|
)
|
Other costs and expenses
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
(5,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
530,000
|
|
|
|
727,000
|
|
|
|
(197,000
|
)
|
Stock based compensation
|
|
|
19,000
|
|
|
|
7,000
|
|
|
|
12,000
|
|
Total Engineering and Development
|
|
$
|
549,000
|
|
|
$
|
734,000
|
|
|
$
|
(185,000
|
)
|
Engineering and development expenses decreased during the first half of 2019 compared to the first half of 2018 primarily due to: decrease in wages and benefits, parts and shop supplies as a result of more focused engineering efforts as the Company gets closer to product commercialization. During the first half of 2018, the Company recognized a reduction in stock compensation due to forfeitures as a result in employee turnover during the quarter. Engineering headcount totaled seven professionals, as of June 30, 2019 and 2018.
General and Administrative Costs and Expenses
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Variance
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
Incr (decr)
|
|
Wages and benefits
|
|
$
|
485,000
|
|
|
$
|
683,000
|
|
|
$
|
(198,000
|
)
|
Professional fees and advisors
|
|
|
142,000
|
|
|
|
145,000
|
|
|
|
(3,000
|
)
|
Facilities and occupancy
|
|
|
79,000
|
|
|
|
78,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
Outbound sales services
|
|
|
62,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
62,000
|
|
Patents
|
|
|
21,000
|
|
|
|
56,000
|
|
|
|
(35,000
|
)
|
Insurance
|
|
|
43,000
|
|
|
|
46,000
|
|
|
|
(3,000
|
)
|
Conferences and travel
|
|
|
16,000
|
|
|
|
24,000
|
|
|
|
(8,000
|
)
|
Computer expense
|
|
|
13,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
(7,000
|
)
|
Shareholder support
|
|
|
11,000
|
|
|
|
37,000
|
|
|
|
(26,000
|
)
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
(3,000
|
)
|
Other costs and expenses
|
|
|
29,000
|
|
|
|
31,000
|
|
|
|
(2,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
902,000
|
|
|
|
1,124,000
|
|
|
|
(222,000
|
)
|
Stock based compensation
|
|
|
85,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
Total General and Administrative
|
|
$
|
987,000
|
|
|
$
|
1,154,000
|
|
|
$
|
(167,000
|
)
|
General and administrative expenses decreased during the first half of 2019 compared to the first half of 2018 primarily due to: headcount decreases in our sales and operations teams offset by an investment in a third-party outbound sales team. Patent costs have decreased in the current year compared to 2018 reflecting the timing of technology development and filings in international and domestic locations. Stock compensation expense increased in 2019 over the comparable six-month period due to employee turnover in the second quarter of 2018 that resulted in forfeitures of approximately $46,000 in the prior year. General and administrative headcount was eight and eleven, respectively, at June 30, 2019 and 2018.
Other Income and Expense
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
Variance
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
Incr (decr)
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
$
|
(578,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
(496,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
82,000
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
$
|
(577,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
(495,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
82,000
|
|
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized $578,000 in interest expense on the convertible and promissory notes which includes $351,000 of amortization on debt discount that is classified as interest expense. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $207,000 in interest expense on the convertible notes and $289,000 of amortization on debt discount.
The increase in interest expense in the first half of 2019 reflects a $61,000 decrease in outstanding principal on 2017 and 2016 notes offset by incremental borrowing of $300,000 in 2019 notes which all have a stated interest rate of 6% per annum. The current quarter increase also reflects the amortization of debt discount on new issuances of 2018 notes and July 2018 notes.
Net Loss for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
The net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $2,113,000, compared with a net loss in the six months ended June 30, 2018 of $2,437,000. The net loss attributable to common stockholders for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $2,221,000 compared to $2,545,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
The weighted average basic and diluted common shares outstanding amounted to 50,456,000 and 49,302,000 for each of the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in weighted average basic and diluted shares in the first half of 2019 reflects conversions of convertible notes and common shares granted in issuance for certain interest payments since the first half of 2018. Basic and diluted loss per common share for each of the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were $0.04 and $0.05 respectively.
Preferred stock dividends $108,000 were recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $108,000 in June 30, 2018, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2019, the Company had cash on-hand of $36,000, a decrease of $17,000 since the beginning of the year. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 we used $1,242,000 of cash in operating activities. A net loss of $2,113,000 was adjusted for $545,000 in non-cash expenses for: depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation and interest paid in shares during the first half of 2019. The Company reported $326,000 in changes in working capital components during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in cash used in operations in the first half of 2019 compared to the first half of 2018 was driven by: the decrease in the net loss during the first quarter, increase in amortization of debt discount reported as interest, increase in stock compensation expense combined with the increase in accounts payable and other current liabilities.
During the first half of 2019, the Company issued $800,000 in new convertible debt and $425,000 in unsecured subordinated promissory notes resulting in $1,225,000 in cash provided by financing activities. During the first half of 2018, the Company generated $1,991,000 in cash from financing activities from the issuances of Convertible Notes.
Current Cash Outlook and Management Plans
As of June 30, 2019, we have cash on hand of $36,000, negative working capital of $3,161,000, a stockholders’ deficit of $10,393,000 and an accumulated deficit of $89,262,000. During the first half of 2019 we raised $1,225,000 in proceeds through the issuance of convertible notes and subordinated promissory notes. The proceeds from these debt issuances have been used to support the ongoing development and marketing of our core technologies and product initiatives.
Management estimates that the 2019 cash needs will be $2 to $2.5 million, based on the cash used in the first half of 2018. As of June 30, 2019, the Company’s cash on hand is not sufficient to cover the Company’s future working capital requirements. This raises substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management continues to use its best efforts to develop financing opportunities to fund the development and commercialization of the CURA and Aegis products.
Since inception, we have financed our operations by the sale of our securities and debt financings. We need to raise additional funds to meet our working capital needs, to fund expansion of our business, to complete development, testing and marketing of our products, or to make strategic acquisitions or investments. No assurance can be given that necessary funds will be available for us to finance our development on acceptable terms, if at all. Furthermore, such additional financings will involve dilution to our shareholders or may require that we relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or products. In addition, we may experience operational difficulties and delays due to working capital restrictions. If adequate funds are not available from additional sources of financing, we will have to delay or scale back our growth plans.
The Company’s ability to fund its current and future commitments from its available cash depends on a number of factors. These factors include the Company’s ability to (i) launch and generate sales from the CURA division; (ii) monetization of our hydraulic technologies or; (iii) decrease engineering and development and administrative expenses. If these and other factors are not met, the Company will need to raise funds in order to meet its working capital needs and pursue its growth strategy. Although there can be no assurances, management believes that sources for these additional funds will be available through either current or future investors.
Critical Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition
The Company has two sources of revenue: (i) from the sale of CURA products and (ii) from stand-alone Z-Coach subscriptions. Revenue from the sale of CURA system is recognized upon the shipment of myCadian products to a customer and upon the company’s satisfaction of all performance obligations as described in customer agreements. The Z-Coach Program provides fatigue training over an annual subscription period of twelve months. The Z-Coach Program allows the user unlimited access during the annual subscription period. Customers are billed at the acceptance of the subscription, and revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period as our performance obligations are satisfied and when collection is reasonably assured. Our collection terms provide customers standard terms of net 30 days. Future performance obligations are reflected in deferred revenue.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, the objective of which is to establish deferred tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. A valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
We account for uncertain tax positions using a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold based on the technical merits of the tax position taken. Tax benefits that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be measured as the largest amount of tax benefits, determined on a cumulative probability basis, which is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. It is our policy to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as general and administrative expenses. As of June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, there were no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
Stock-Based Compensation
FASB ASC 718-10 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period) in the consolidated financial statements based on their fair values on the grant date. The impact of forfeitures that may occur prior to vesting is also estimated and considered in the amount recognized. In addition, the realization of tax benefits in excess of amounts recognized for financial reporting purposes will be recognized as a financing activity in accordance with FASB ASC 718-10.
No tax benefits were attributed to the stock-based compensation expense because a valuation allowance was maintained for substantially all net deferred tax assets.
FASB ASC 718-20 requires that modifications of the terms or conditions of equity awards be treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award. Incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms are modified.