UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-K
 
(Mark One)
 
x    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013
 
OR
 
o    TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
FOR THE TRANSITION FROM _______ TO ________.
 
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 001-34799

TIANLI AGRITECH, INC.
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
British Virgin Islands
N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
 
 
Suite K, 12th Floor, Building A, Jiangjing Mansion
228 Yanjiang Ave., Jiangan District, Wuhan City
Hubei Province, China 430010
 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
 
Issuer's telephone number, including area code: (+86) 27 8274 0726
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common shares, $0.001 par value      
Nasdaq Capital Market
                                                             
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
(Title of class): None
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes  o No x
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes  o  No x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  x  No o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (ss. 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer  o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  Smaller reporting company x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  o No x
 
As of June 30, 2013, the aggregate market value of the outstanding shares of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates (excluding shares held by directors, officers and others holding more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the class) was $4,642,080, based upon a closing price of $0.57 per common share on June 28, 2013. At March 13, 2014, the registrant had outstanding 13,964,000 common shares.
 
Documents incorporated by reference:  Not Applicable.
  
 
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Form 10-K
Tianli Agritech, Inc.
Index
 
Part I    
Page
 
Item 1.
Business
4
 
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
20
 
Item 2.
Properties
37
 
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
38
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
38
Part II      
 
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
39
 
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
40
 
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation
40
 
Item 7A.
Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk
56
 
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
56
 
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
56
 
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
57
 
Item 9B.
Other Information
58
Part III      
 
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
59
 
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
66
 
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
67
 
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
68
 
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
69
Part IV      
 
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
71
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
We have made statements in this report that constitute forward-looking statements, such as statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions or future events. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “we believe,” “we intend,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “could” and similar expressions denoting uncertainty or an action that may, will or is expected to occur in the future. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
 
 
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The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
 
Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this report only:
 
·  
the terms “we,” “us,” “our company,” and “our” collectively refer to Tianli Agritech, Inc. (“Tianli” when referring solely to our British Virgin Islands company); our wholly-owned subsidiary, HC Shengyuan Limited, a Hong Kong limited liability company (“HCS”); HCS’ wholly-owned subsidiary, Wuhan Fengxin Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., a Chinese limited liability company (“WFOE”); our affiliated entity, Wuhan Fengze Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., a Chinese limited liability company (“Fengze”), which WFOE controls by virtue of contractual arrangements; and our affiliated entities, Hubei Tianzhili Breeder Hog Co., Ltd. (“Tianzhili”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Hubei Tianzhili (Hefeng) Breeder Hog Co., Ltd. (“Hefeng”), which are both Chinese limited liability companies.
·  
shares” and “common shares” refer to our common shares, $0.001 par value per share;
·  
“China” and “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China, and for the purpose of this report only, excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau; and
·  
all references to “RMB,” “Renminbi” and “¥” are to the legal currency of China and all references to “USD,” “U.S. dollars,” “dollars,” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.
 
Unless otherwise stated, we have translated balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at December 31, 2013 at RMB 6.1104 to $1.00 as compared to RMB 6.3011 to $1.00 at December 31, 2012. The equity accounts are stated at their historical rate. The average translation rates applied to income statement accounts for the year ended December 31, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 were RMB 6.1905 and RMB 6.3034, respectively. We make no representation that the RMB or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or RMB, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. Any discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding.
 
 
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Part I
 
Item 1. Business
 
Our Company
 
Our Company is in the business of breeding, raising, and selling hogs and pork products in the People’s Republic of China. The Company started as a hog breeder and expanded its business into processing of commodity fresh meat products. We operate our business through contractual arrangements between our wholly-owned subsidiary, WFOE, and our variable interest entities, Fengze and its subsidiaries, Tianzhili and Hefeng. Our efforts are focused on growing healthy, hearty hogs, including regular hogs and black hogs, for sale for breeding and meat purposes. In addition, we now sell processed black hog products through freezers we maintain in supermarkets and through a developing distributor network to restaurants, hotels and other retailers. We believe our location in Hubei and our investment in breeding and farming technology position us well to reach our goals.
 
Fengze entered the hog breeding and production business in 2005 when it built its first hog farm. Fengze now currently owns and operates nine commercial farms in Wuhan and one farm in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province.  In addition, it had an 11 th farm but it  has been ordered to shut this farm  by the authorities in Caidian District, Wuhan. Our ten farms, in the aggregate, have an annual production capacity of approximately 150,000 hogs. We conduct genetic, breeding and nutrition research to improve our hog production capabilities. Our animal nutrition research consists of the development of a premix we feed our hogs. In coordination with a local institute, we developed this product to improve our feed to meat conversion ratio, thus reducing our feed costs, and to improve the health of our hogs.
 
Beginning in the second quarter of 2013, we also started to market and distribute our fresh black hog meat products through supermarkets and to hotels, restaurants and other retailers.  More recently we initiated sales of specialty processed black hog meat through the internet.  We market our fresh black hog meat products through Hubei Tianzhili Breeder Hog Co., Ltd. (“Tianzhili”), a 60% holding subsidiary, and use a self-developed trademark, Xiduhei.
 
We currently derive our revenues mainly from hog farming. We believe we have developed a reputation for quality in our market by investing in high quality breeding stock and in technology to improve the health of our hogs by, for example, using temperature controls to increase comfort and to speed piglet rearing, and by creating a biofeed premix that has improved our success in growing hogs while reducing costs. We believe we have a reputation for low pollution by virtue of receiving a certificate of pollution-free agricultural product from Hubei province. We believe we have a reputation for low-additive pork products as a result of the use of our biofeed premix, which allows us to reduce our reliance on antibiotics, and by efforts we have undertaken to reduce disease risks among our hogs without relying upon chemicals, such as maintaining geographic separation between our farms to prevent cross-contamination.
 
On December 29, 2010, we completed the acquisition of the assets of the Hengdian Farm, located in Wuhan City, which represents our tenth farm and which will produce up to 20,000 hogs annually once it reaches full production. This farm had reached full production during 2013.
 
 
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On May 12, 2011, we completed the acquisition of our eleventh farm from An Puluo Food Processing Co., Ltd. (“An Puluo”), located in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province. This farm will produce up to 20,000 hogs annually once it reaches full production. We paid a total of approximately $2.2 million for the rights to the land, structures and equipment. This farm had reached full production during 2013.
 
On June 22, 2011, Fengze established what was then a wholly owned subsidiary, Hubei Tianzhili Breeder Hog Co., Ltd. (“Tianzhili”), in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province as a limited liability company. Tianzhili engages in the business of raising and selling black hogs. Tianzhili sold processed black hog meat through several major Chinese retail channels pursuant to a collaborative agreement with An Puluo that commenced in the third quarter of 2011 and was terminated as of June 15, 2012.
 
On November 5, 2012,   XMRJ LLP (“XMRJ”), a limited partner enterprise formed under Chinese law that engages in equity investments in China, agreed to invest RMB 10,000,000, or approximately $1,600,000, in Tianzhili   in exchange for a 40% equity interest in Tianzhili. Tianzhili conducts our black hog breeding operations. As of December 31, 2013, Tianzhili received $1,058,022 or RMB 6,666,700 from XMRJ.
 
In connection with its investment in Tianzhili, XMRJ agreed to loan RMB 5,000,000, or approximately $800,000, to Tianzhili without interest. We did not require such funds during the year of 2013 so this loan has yet to be made.
 
On November 6, 2013, the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Caidian District, Wuhan City, directed the Company to close one of the Company's farms located in the Caidian District. The Company is advised that all agricultural and manufacturing activities in the area of Dacha Lake in the Caidian District was ordered to shut down before the end of 2013 as part of the government's effort to restore the lake to its natural condition. We have obtained a 3-month grace period to evacuate our portable assets and personnel.
 
Corporate Information
 
Our principal executive office is located at Suite K, 12th Floor, Building A, Jiangjing Mansion, 228 Yanjiang Ave., Jiangan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China 430010. Our telephone number is (+86) 27 8274 0726 and Fax number is (+86) 27 8274 1687. Our website address is www.tianli-china.com.
 
Our Corporate Structure
 
Tianli is a holding company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands in November 2009. Tianli owns all of the outstanding capital stock of HCS, which was incorporated in Hong Kong in November 2009 as a limited liability company. HCS, in turn, owns all of the outstanding capital stock of WFOE, which was incorporated in 2005 as a domestic Chinese company. In January 2010, the Wuhan Administrator for Industry and Commerce, and the Wuhan Municipal Commission of Commerce approved the transfer of all of the equity of WFOE to HCS, at which time WFOE became a wholly foreign-owned enterprise. Fengze was organized in 2005 as a domestic limited liability company in China. Tianzhili was incorporated in 2011 as a domestic limited liability company in China and Fengze   owns 60% equity interest of Tianzhili. Hefeng was incorporated in 2013 as a domestic limited liability company in China and a wholly owned subsidiary of Tianzhili. WFOE has entered into a series of control agreements with Fengze and all of the owners of Fengze, which agreements allow WFOE to control Fengze. Through our ownership of HCS, HCS’ ownership of WFOE and WFOE’s agreements with Fengze, we believe that Tianli controls Fengze and therefore, we consolidate the results of operations of Fengze’s with ours as a variable interest entity.
 
 
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Our current corporate structure is as follows:
 
 
 
 
Equity interest
   
 
 
Contractual arrangements including Entrusted Management Agreement and Exclusive Option Agreement.
   
 
 
Contractual arrangements including Exclusive Option Agreement, Shareholders’ Voting Proxy Agreement and Pledge of Equity Interest Agreement.
 
Although Chinese laws and regulations prevent direct foreign investment in certain industries, they currently do not prohibit or restrict foreign ownership in hog breeding businesses. To protect our shareholders from adverse consequences resulting from possible future ownership restrictions, rather than acquire an equity interest in Fengze, we caused WFOE to enter into certain control agreements with Fengze and its shareholders, pursuant to which we control Fengze and are entitled to the benefit of the results of its operations. The control agreements include an Entrusted Management Agreement, an Exclusive Option Agreement, a Shareholders’ Voting Proxy Agreement and a Pledge of Equity Agreement, each of which is described below.  As a result of these agreements, WFOE is entitled to receive 100% of the profits of Fengze and is obligated for 100% of the losses of Fengze. Thus, although WFOE and Fengze are independent legal entities and neither is liable for the obligations of the other, as a consequence of the control agreements, though not responsible for Fengze’s obligations, WFOE is obligated for its losses.
 
 
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Entrusted Management Agreement. Fengze and WFOE entered into an Entrusted Management Agreement, which provides that WFOE will be fully and exclusively responsible for the management of Fengze. As consideration for such services and WFOE’s agreement to bear all losses of Fengze, Fengze has agreed to pay WFOE an annual fee equal to Fengze’s earnings. This agreement will terminate upon the earliest of: (1) the winding up of Fengze; (2) the termination date of the Entrusted Management Agreement, as agreed by the parties thereto; or (3) the date on which WFOE completes the acquisition of Fengze.
 
Exclusive Option Agreement. Fengze and each of Fengze’s shareholders entered into an Exclusive Option Agreement with WFOE, which provides that WFOE will be entitled to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Fengze from the current shareholders upon certain terms and conditions. In addition, WFOE was granted an irrevocable option to purchase all or part of the assets and business of Fengze at a price based on the circumstances at the time of the exercise of the option. Such option may be exercised at any time we determine to do so, provided it is then allowable under PRC laws and regulation. The Exclusive Option Agreement prohibits Fengze and its shareholders from transferring any portion of the equity interests, business or assets of Fengze to anyone other than WFOE. WFOE has not yet taken any action to exercise these rights of purchase, and there is no guarantee that it will do so, that it will be permitted to do so by applicable law at such times as it may wish to do so or that Fengze or one or more of its shareholders will not default under its obligations under such agreement.
 
Shareholders’ Voting Proxy Agreement. All shareholders of Fengze executed a Shareholders’ Voting Proxy Agreement to irrevocably appoint persons designated by WFOE with the exclusive right to exercise, on their behalf, all of their Voting Rights in accordance with applicable law and Fengze’s Articles of Association, including but not limited to the rights to sell or transfer all or any of their equity interests in Fengze and to appoint and elect the directors and Chair as the authorized legal representative of Fengze. This agreement will be only terminated upon the acquisition of all of the equity interests in, or all assets and business of Fengze by WFOE.
 
Pledge of Equity Agreement. WFOE and all shareholders of Fengze entered into a Pledge of Equity Agreement, pursuant to which each shareholder pledged all (100%) of its shares in Fengze to WFOE. If Fengze or any of its respective shareholders breaches its respective contractual obligations in the “Entrusted Management Agreement”, “Exclusive Option Agreement” and “Shareholders’ Voting Proxy Agreement”, WFOE, as Pledgee, will be entitled to foreclose on the pledged equity interests. The Fengze shareholders cannot dispose of the pledged equity interests or take any actions that would prejudice WFOE’s interest. This pledge has been recorded with applicable authorities in China to perfect WFOE’s security interest.
 
Industry and Market Background
 
China is the world’s largest hog producing and pork consuming country. China has accounted for nearly half of the world’s pork production and consumption for more than five years. Not only does China consume more pork than any other country, Chinese per-capita pork consumption is among the highest in the world, as pork is China’s most popular meat. In China, per-capita pork consumption in 2013 was 30.2 kg, up from 25.4 kg in 2003 according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”). In terms of meat consumption in China, during the past 10 years, the annual per-capita pork consumption increased 19% per annum. It is expected that in 2022, the total meat consumption in China will be about 54 kg/capita and the average pig meat consumption in China will be some 34 kg/capita (retail weight basis) accounting for approximately 63% of total Chinese meat consumption. According to the National Statistics Bureau of China, in 2011 China consumed over 50.5 million tons of pork, a reduction of 0.4% from the amount consumed in 2010. In 2013, the hog price reduced from RMB 17 per kg to RMB 13 per kg in April and recovered to RMB 16 per kg in September and slightly reduced to RMB 15.90 per kg during the fourth quarter of 2013.
 
 
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Because pork represents such a large portion of the meat consumed by Chinese, both national and local governments have adopted policies and taken actions in an effort to balance the desire of consumers for low prices against the farmers’ need to operate profitably while seeking to increase the efficiencies of the industry. The Chinese government has established a national pork reserve program to balance the market demand and supplies of pork and to keep the price of pork stable. For example, in 2009, ministries of the PRC entered the market and purchased pork to increase its price to what they perceived to be an appropriate level.  Alternatively the government could decide to take steps to reduce the price of pork. We cannot predict what policies the government may choose to adopt in the future.  Nevertheless, as food makes up a large portion of the budget for many Chinese families, we anticipate the government is likely to remain involved in the development of the pork industry. Even though the central government periodically supports an artificial floor price with its strategic pork reserves, there is no guarantee that this support will continue in the future. If such support is terminated, our industry could see fluctuations in the price of pork, which could dramatically affect our operations.
 
China’s Hog Industry
 
China’s hog industry is in the midst of a transition from a large number of relatively small farms, to larger, more commercial farms. Meat hog production in the PRC is currently dominated by backyard farms (those that sell 5-10 hogs annually) and small farms (those that sell less than 100 hogs annually). We believe that farms that sell less than 100 hogs per year comprise approximately 75% of the hog farms in China and account for approximately one-third of the hogs sold annually in China. Farms that sell between 100 and 500 head a year account for approximately 21% of China’s hog farms and approximately one-third of the hogs sold annually in China. Farms that sell between 500 and 3,000 hogs annually represent less than 3% of China’s hog farms but account for approximately 19% of the hogs sold in China. Those that sell more than 3,000 hogs annually account for less than one-half of one percent of all hog farms but sell more than 15% of China’s hogs annually.
 
According to the USDA, China’s hog industry is transitioning toward larger commercial farms partly as a result of government policies and incentives. We believe that the Company is well positioned to benefit from this trend.
 
Our Geographic Market
 
Our farms are located in Wuhan City, which is the capital of and largest city in Hubei Province. With a population of nearly 10 million, Wuhan City is one of China’s ten largest cities, and is considered an important center for economy, trade, finance, transportation, information technology and education in Central China. Wuhan City is located less than 800 miles from Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Chongqing and Xi’an, some of China’s largest cities. Hubei Province includes thirteen cities that range in population from approximately 300,000 to nearly 10 million residents.
 
 
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Due to its central location, Hubei is well-known in China for the adaptability of its breeder hogs. Breeder hogs from the southern part of China tend to not tolerate the cold weather in northern China; similarly, breeder hogs from the northern part of China tend not to tolerate the heat of southern China. We have found that breeder hogs raised in Hubei tend to adapt well to variations in both the north and south of China.
 
Wuhan City’s government was one of the first local governments to provide economic incentives to hog farms that reached certain production levels. Farms located within Wuhan prefecture that reach an annual production capacity of 10,000 hogs are eligible for a one-time grant of RMB 1.5 million (approximately $230,000). When a farm reaches 20,000 hog capacity, it is eligible for a grant of RMB 3 million (approximately $460,000), less any grant it received when its capacity reached 10,000 hogs.
 
Breeder Hogs and Market Hogs
 
We utilize a variety of purebred hogs at our farms. The primary purebred varieties that we utilize are the Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc. We breed both purebred and cross-bred hogs in order to attain what we feel are the most desirable traits in the hogs produced in our farms.
 
In 2013 and 2012, 25% and 29% of our revenues were derived from regular breeder hog sales, 55% and 71% were from regular market hog sales. In 2013, we generated 19% and 2% revenues from black market hog and processed black pork products. Breeder hogs are sold to other hog farms throughout China for use in their reproductive programs, and used in our own farms as breeder sows. We prefer to sell hogs as breeders, as they command a higher price and are sold when they are younger and have consumed less feed and other resources, leading to a higher profit margin than market hogs. Breeder hogs weigh approximately 110 – 120 pounds at the time of sale while market hogs weight about 220 – 240 pounds.
 
Male hogs are nearly always sold as market hogs as substantially fewer boars are required than sows for breeding purposes. Female hogs that do not meet breeder hog standards are also sold as market hogs.
 
Our Breeding Efforts
 
A key element of breeding hogs is to utilize sows which are most likely to give birth frequently to large, healthy litters that display the attributes that customers prefer. As a result, we genetically catalogue our sows, so that we can identify purebred and first-cross hogs to maintain our purebred nucleus herd for fidelity to breed standards and to develop the most favorable parent line sows and boars for commercial market hog production.
 
We screen all potential breeders for favorable qualities. We rely on a combination of performance data and visual appraisals of breeder hogs for selection purposes. We index purebred sows monthly and select the top 20% to maintain our nucleus herd. Having established the baseline herd level, we experiment with combinations of boars and sows to continue to improve the characteristics of our hogs.
 
 
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In addition to selecting the most favorable breeding stock, we constantly monitor our breeding sows and replace any that have disease related problems or that display other unfavorable breeding characteristics. A quality sow can give birth for 3 to 4 years, and can give birth 6 to 8.5 times during her life typically to a litter of 10-12 piglets each time. If a sow consistently gives birth to small litters, we remove it from the breeding stock. Likewise, if a sow repeatedly fails to get pregnant during fertile periods or displays false pregnancy (a condition that can last for up to two months) we will remove it from the breeding herd and replace it with a more productive sow.
 
Our Premix
 
We believe one of the most challenging issues in the hog production industry is the growing variety and variability of swine diseases. Many hog farms manage diseases through the use of antibiotic drugs. In addition to administering antibiotics directly, many commercial hog farms also use antibiotics in premix feed, without regard to whether particular hogs require treatment. Heavy use of these drugs in China has resulted in pork with drug residues and excess levels of heavy metals and other contaminants.
 
We seek to avoid the use of what we view as excessive amounts of antibiotics in our hogs. After years of research and development in cooperation with our consultant, Professor Ming Li of China Central Teachers University, we have developed our own premix, which we use instead of commercially available biofeed premixes. Our premix contains no antibiotics and, according to testing by Hubei Province Import and Export Commodity Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, our pork products test negative for drug residues and meet the industry limits for heavy metals.
 
By developing our own premix, we reduced our feed costs. Our premix adds live microbes to swine feed, which we believe result in better absorption of feed and a generally healthier intestinal system. Better absorption of feed results in lower waste and we believe that we have realized a 10% to 12% reduction in feed costs as a result. In addition, because these bacteria improve the hogs’ health, we have seen savings on drug costs of approximately RMB 10 (approximately $1.50) per hog.
 
Our Distribution Efforts
 
Starting in 2013, we expanded our operations to include retail sales of our boxed fresh black hog meat through facilities we maintain at supermarkets and to hotels, restaurants and other retailers.  More recently we initiated sales of specialty processed black hog meat through the internet. We sell our products under our “Xiduhei” trademark through more than 12 supermarkets in Wuhan City and over 10 chain restaurants and hotels, primarily through a combination of a direct sales force and independent distributors. As of December 31, 2013, our sales and marketing force consisted of approximately 70 employees in Wuhan City. Our direct sales force is also supplemented by independent distributors, sales representatives and agents.
 
Our fresh black hog meat marketing efforts focus on building up our brand awareness and customer loyalty. We host various meat tasting activities and purchase advertising for TV, website, or print in order to maximize our selling opportunities. We work with distributors to persuade them to design new products to increase our product portfolio and introduce to wide target markets.
 
 
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Based on our market research, reliable prompt delivery of boxed fresh black hog meat to our customers in response to orders is one of the major key factors in the sale of fresh pork to restaurants, hotels and other retailers. We utilize an innovative portable thermo cooler to carry our fresh black hog meat as gift box sets and work with a national wide express shipping company to ensure on time and fresh delivery.
 
Our Hog Farms
 
Fengze built its first hog farm in 2005. At present, we, through Fengze, operate five hog farms with an annual capacity of 20,000 hogs each and five hog farms with an annual capacity of 10,000 hogs each. Our eleventh farm, which had an annual capacity of 20,000 hogs was ordered in 2013 to shut down. Recently we were given a 3-month grace period until March 31, 2014 to evacuate the contents of this farm.
 
Each of our hog farms is designed to raise hogs from breeding through preparation for sale as breeder or market hogs. While there are differences among our farms, they follow the same basic organizational model, with separate buildings dedicated to sow operations, nursery operations and finishing operations. In addition to these specific functional buildings, our farms also feature housing for some of our farmers for the benefit of our farm operations. To minimize the risk of contamination, access to our farms is very limited to outsiders, including Company staff.  To limit the number of personnel that enter our farms, and thus the risk of contamination, we provide on-site housing to a large portion of our farm employees.
 
Each farm has a farm manager who is responsible for monitoring animal care, animal health and equipment. Specialized crews trained in moving hogs assist with the loading, unloading, health care and sanitation for each unit.
 
In an effort to significantly increase the scale of our operations, in 2012 we concluded a series of agreements (the “Exclusivity Agreements”), generally for terms of ten years, with the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province, the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Xianfeng County of Hubei Province, the Xuwang Hog Farming Professional Cooperatives of Xianfeng County, and the Qiming Hog Farming Professional Cooperatives of Xianfeng County, whereby we were granted the exclusive right to breed and sell Enshi black hogs in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province.  Enshi black hog is one of the oldest hog species with a lineage that can be traced back to the year 1611. Enshi black hog originated in the Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province and the meat of the Enshi Black Hog is considered by many Chinese to be superior to that of many other breeds and for that reason, black hog meat generally sells for more than standard hog meat. The agreements call for the joint development, funding and operation of local cooperatives in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province whereby the Company, the relevant governmental agencies and the cooperatives will assist participating farmers to breed and raise Enshi black hogs which will be purchased by the Company for resale as meat hogs or retained or sold as breeders at the Company’s discretion. By entering into this arrangement, we hope to be able to develop a widely recognized brand of black hog meat and to profit from the sale of black hogs grown by independent farmers as well as those grown by us. If successfully implemented, this program should allow us to profit from the black hogs grown by the participating farmers who will be obligated to purchase feed, vaccines and other supplies from us and then sell us their hogs at a price which is comparable to the costs at which we currently grow our own hogs.
 
 
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The Exclusivity Agreements envision that we will work with the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureaus of Xianfeng County and Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, respectively, to develop a regional breeding and distribution program whereby local farmers will be trained and supervised by us, the relevant governmental agencies and their cooperatives in raising a breed of black hogs genetically developed and monitored by us with the approval of the local government agency.  We will work with all of the farmers participating in the program to ensure that the quality of the breed is maintained and to develop standardized programs for the feed and care of the hogs. As part of this effort, we will develop an appropriate feed mix, which the farmers will purchase from us. To be eligible to participate in the program farmers will need to be able to maintain no less than 6 sows or produce at least 100 black hogs per year. By the end of 2013 we had funded and completed the construction of 798 farms for local farmers.  Achievement of any of the program’s goals and the need for financing are dependent upon the participation, cooperation and skills of local farmers. We are currently evaluating the economics of this program and its benefits to us.
 
As noted above, we should benefit from this program in a number of ways, principally by reselling the black hogs purchased from the participating farmers and by providing the farmers with necessary supplies.
 
We believe that because this program offers many advantages to the participating farmers and the local governments, the number of farmers wanting to join the program will be significant. Enshi Autonomous prefecture is a relatively poor area of China. By joining this program participating farmers will benefit from our expertise in breeding and caring for hogs, and will be producing a breed which is generally considered superior to the meat of standard hogs. To develop our strain of black hog we will apply internationally recognized advanced molecular breeding strategies. The project will be supported by the Animal Husbandry Research Institution of Hubei, which has significant experience in hog breeding research. Moreover, the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture government has determined to emphasize hog farming in China’s current five-year development plan (2011-2015), which should cause it to cooperate with us to make the project a success. Significantly, the local governments have agreed that we are the only company with which it will undertake a project such as this.
 
In addition to the advantages of this program, we believe that some of the risks typical to hog farming will be minimized. For example, because individual farms will be relatively small and decentralized, and under strict supervision to employ disease control methods we determine appropriate, the risk of disease should be lower than our traditional farms, Further, if a farm were to develop a problem, it should not spread since the farms are decentralized in the Prefecture’s mountainous region. In addition, because of the emphasis being placed on this project by the local government, we anticipate a high level of cooperation from the farmers who are being given the opportunity to profit from what is otherwise communal land.
 
 
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We have agreed to contribute to the financial needs of the project in various ways and the local governments have agreed to provide us and the participating farmers with various subsidies, incentives and insurance. The precise demands upon us will depend upon the rate at which the project grows which, in turn, will be impacted by the availability of financing that may be necessary to modernize and support the participating farmers.  Given the long term of this project, it is likely that there will be continued negotiation of various issues that arise during the life of the project. After providing the financing necessary for completion of the construction for 798 farms, we have decided to temporarily stop providing capital to the program to enable us to determine its likelihood of success and benefits to us.
 
Our Strategies
 
We plan to enhance our position as one of Wuhan’s largest hog farming companies. We intend to achieve this goal by implementing the following strategies:
 
·  
We plan to increase hog production quality and capacity by continuing to upgrade our genetic breeding base.   We plan to purchase and import purebred hogs to improve the genetic strength and diversity of our breeding pool, increasing our ability to maintain quality purebred stock within our breeding operations. This will enable us to breed superior breeding hogs that can be used in our operations or sold to other breeder farms, resulting in improved margins.
·  
We intend to develop our sow replacement program to continually replace less-productive sows with more productive ones.   It requires significant effort to identify, track and measure the attributes of our breeder hogs. We have found that the more data we capture, the greater the rewards of our breeding program and the more successful we are in implementing sow replacement strategies, with resulting improvement in operations.
·  
We will position our brand image in order to command a premium for branded black hogs to sell to selected pork wholesalers located in Beijing and Tianjin City.   We have registered the trademark “Xiduhei” for our black hogs which is a breed of black hogs combined with Enshi black hogs and Berkshire hogs. As a result of the recognition we have received from our products in Wuhan and Beijing, we believe this trademark will be valuable and may allow us to charge a premium price for black hogs if and when we distribute hogs to pork wholesalers.
 
Principal Suppliers
 
The following are the principal suppliers we rely upon to obtain raw materials for hog feed and veterinary supplies. We believe the materials provided by these suppliers are widely available and do not anticipate that we would be unable to obtain these materials from other suppliers in the event they are unable or unwilling to supply our needs.
 
Supplier
 
Item
Wuhan Zhu Brothers Feed Technology Co., Ltd.
 
Feed supplies (corn, beans, bran and other commodities)
Wuhan Maozhu Agritech Research Co., Ltd.
 
Feed supplies
Wuhan Jintudi Feed Co., Ltd
 
Feed supplies (corn, beans, bran and other commodities)
Wuhan Yukang Food Oil and Feed Co., Ltd.
 
Feed supplies (corn, beans, bran and other commodities)
 
 
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Purchases from Wuhan Zhu Brothers Feed Technology Co., Ltd. (“Wuhan Zhu Brothers”) accounted for approximately 32% and 38% of our inventory purchases in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Purchases from Wuhan Jintudi Feed Co. (“Jintudi”), Ltd. and Wuhan Yukang Food Oil and Feed Co., Ltd. (“Yukang”) in 2013 accounted for 8% and 16%, respectively, of our inventory purchases, as compared to 11% and 12%, respectively, of our 2012 inventory purchases. Purchases from Wuhan Maozhu Agritech Research Co., Ltd. accounted for approximately 28% and 22% of our inventory purchases during 2013 and 2012, respectively.
 
We are not subject to any long-term agreement with Wuhan Zhu Brothers, Jintudi, Yukang and Wuhan Maozhu. All purchases are on a “spot” basis and are not subject to long terms agreements.
 
Research and Development
 
We focus our research and development efforts on improving the genetic composition of our hogs and the quality of the feed provided to the hogs. As of December 31, 2013, our research and development team consisted of 34 employees. These research and development employees do not work exclusively on research and development and participate in other general administrative functions of the Company. In addition, some of our operating employees regularly participate in our research and development programs.
 
In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, we spent $87,655 and $105,660, respectively, on research and development activities.
 
Sales and Marketing
 
Purchasers come to our farms to purchase breeder and market hogs. The purchasers of breeder hogs consist of farmers who purchase for their own accounts and brokers who sell the hogs to other hog farms. The purchasers of market hogs include slaughterhouses and brokers who sell the hogs to slaughterhouses. Purchases are paid for at the time of the sale. Purchasers are responsible for transporting hogs from our farms. In this way, we have been able to reduce our transportation costs and risks associated with delivering hogs. Return of product is not permitted.
 
Because we have primarily relied upon having purchasers come to our farms, to date our expenditures on marketing and advertising have not been significant. If our capacity should grow or we should otherwise determine it is in our interests to do so, we may rely more upon advertising and marketing in the future and our expenditures for such efforts will increase.
 
Competition
 
We compete based on the quality of our product, especially as it pertains to breeder hogs, and on price. Our products are to some degree commodities and there is extensive competition from other hog farms in the region.
 
 
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We believe that Wuhan has 75 farms with annual production capacities of at least 10,000 hogs and, of these, 21 farms have annual production capacities of at least 20,000 hogs. Inclusive of the farms in Wuhan, we believe that Hubei province has approximately 439 hog farms with annual production capacities of 10,000 or more hogs. We believe our annual capacity of approximately 150,000 hogs and our black hog production program makes us one of Hubei province’s largest hog farming companies.
 
Customers
Our five and two largest customers collectively represented approximately 18% and 25% of our sales for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
 
In 2013, we did not have any customers accounting for more than 10% of our revenues. For 2012, the customers that accounted for more than 10% of our revenues were:
 
Client’s Name
 
For The Year Ended
December 31, 2012
Wuhan Mingxiang Meat Factory Co., Ltd.
 
13%
Huangpi Hengdian Slaughtering Center
 
12%
 
Regulation
 
Restriction on Foreign Ownership
 
The principal regulation governing foreign ownership of agricultural businesses in the PRC is the Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue, effective December 11, 2007 (the “Catalogue”). The Catalogue classifies various industries into four categories: encouraged, permitted, restricted and prohibited. We are engaged in an encouraged industry. Such a designation offers businesses distinct advantages. For example, businesses engaged in encouraged industries:
 
·  
are not subject to restrictions on foreign investment, and, as such, foreigners can own a majority in Sino-foreign joint ventures or establish wholly-owned foreign enterprises in the PRC;
·  
with total investment of less than $100 million, are subject to regional (not central) government examination and approval which are generally more efficient and less time-consuming; and
·  
may import certain equipment while enjoying a tariff and import-stage value-added tax exemption.
 
The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce periodically jointly revise the Catalogue. As such, there is a possibility that our company’s business may fall outside the scope of the definition of an encouraged industry in the future. Should this occur, we would no longer benefit from such designation.
 
 
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Taxation and Subsidies
 
The PRC government has provided tax incentives and subsidies to domestic companies in our industry to encourage the development of agricultural businesses in China. We have received business tax exemptions or reductions, subsidies, and government incentives in connection with Fengze’s ownership of hog farms and WFOE’s management of those operations. An example is that both Fengze and WFOE were exempted from income taxes for 2013 and prior years.
 
The PRC government authorities may reduce or eliminate these incentives through new legislation or other regulatory actions at any time in the future. In the event that we are no longer exempt from income taxation, our applicable tax rate would increase from 0% to up to 25%, the standard business income tax rate in the PRC.
 
Regulation of Foreign Currency Exchange and Dividend Distribution
 
Foreign Currency Exchange.   The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations (1996), as amended, and the Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange (1996). Under these regulations, Renminbi are freely convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for most capital account items, such as direct investment, loans, repatriation of investment and investment in securities outside China, unless the prior approval of SAFE or its local counterpart is obtained. In addition, any loans to an operating subsidiary in China that is a foreign invested enterprise, cannot, in the aggregate, exceed the difference between its respective approved total investment amount and its respective approved registered capital amount. Furthermore, any foreign loan must be registered with SAFE or its local counterparts for the loan to be valid. Any increase in the amount of the total investment and registered capital must be approved by the PRC Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart. We may not be able to obtain these government approvals or registrations on a timely basis, if at all, which could result in a delay in the process of making loans to our subsidiary or VIE..
 
Dividend Distribution.   The principal regulations governing the distribution of dividends by foreign holding companies include the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (1986), as amended, and the Administrative Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (2001).
 
Under these regulations, foreign investment enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their retained profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, foreign investment enterprises in China are required to allocate at least 10% of their respective retained profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprise. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
 
Notice 75.   On October 21, 2005, SAFE issued Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. According to Notice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company with assets or equity interests in an enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of the offshore company.
 
 
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Under the relevant rules, failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Notice 75 may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including the increase of its registered capital, the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent or affiliate and capital inflow from the offshore entity, and may also subject relevant PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations.
 
PRC residents who control our company are required to register with SAFE in connection with their investments in us. Such individuals began this registration process on March 8, 2010. If we use our stock or other equity interest to purchase the assets or equity interest of a PRC company owned by PRC residents in the future, such PRC residents will be subject to the registration procedures described in Notice 75.
 
New M&A Regulations and Overseas Listings.   On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, CSRC and SAFE, jointly issued Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the New M&A Rule, which became effective on September 8, 2006. This New M&A Rule, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.
 
On September 21, 2006, CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among leading PRC law firms regarding the scope or the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.
 
Based on our understanding of the current PRC laws and regulations, we believe that because we currently control our Chinese affiliate, Fengze, by virtue of WFOE’s VIE agreements with Fengze and not through an equity interest acquisition nor an asset acquisition as described in the New M&A Rule, and CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether structures like ours are subject to this new procedure, we are in compliance with the new M&A Rule.
 
Regulations on Offshore Parent Holding Companies’ Direct Investment in and Loans to Their PRC Subsidiaries.   An offshore company may invest equity in a PRC company which will become the PRC subsidiary of the offshore holding company after investment. Such equity investment is subject to a series of laws and regulations generally applicable to any foreign-invested enterprise in China, which include the Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Venture Enterprise Law, all as amended from time to time, and their respective implementing rules; the Tentative Provisions on the Foreign Exchange Registration Administration of Foreign-Invested Enterprise; and the Notice on Certain Matters Relating to the Change of Registered Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises.
 
 
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Under the aforesaid laws and regulations, the increase of the registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise is subject to the prior approval of the authority which approved the initial investment. In addition, the increase in registered capital and the total investment amount must both be registered with SAIC and SAFE.
 
Shareholder loans made by offshore parent holding companies to their PRC subsidiaries are regarded as foreign debts in China for regulatory purposes which are subject to a number of PRC laws and regulations, including the PRC Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, the Interim Measures on Administration on Foreign Debts, the Tentative Provisions on the Statistics Monitoring of Foreign Debts and the Administration Rules on the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange.
 
Under these regulations, shareholder loans made by offshore parent holding companies to their PRC subsidiaries are to be registered with SAFE. Furthermore, the total amount of foreign debts that can be incurred by such PRC subsidiaries, including any shareholder loans, shall not exceed the difference between the total investment amount and the registered capital amount of the PRC subsidiaries, both of which are subject to governmental approval.
 
Intellectual Property Rights
 
Trademarks.   The PRC has domestic laws for the protection of rights in copyrights, patents, trademarks and trade secrets. The PRC is also a signatory to all of the world’s major intellectual property conventions, including:
 
·  
Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO Convention) (June 4, 1980);
·  
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (March 19, 1985);
·  
Patent Cooperation Treaty (January 1, 1994); and
·  
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) (November 11, 2001).
 
The PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 2001, and implementation rules adopted in 2002, protect registered trademarks. The Trademark Office of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce (“SAIC”) handles trademark registrations and grants trademark registrations for a term of ten years.
 
We, through Fengze, have used “Hanxi” for years on swine products. In 2009, Fengze applied for and registered “Hanxi” as a trademark with China’s SAIC Trademark Office, in Class No. 31, which relates to live animals, live poultry, live fish, trees, cereals, plants, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, fodder and crustaceans. The registration is valid from April 21, 2009 to April 20, 2019. As a registered trademark “Hanxi” is exclusively owned by Fengze for products within the range limited by Class No. 31; any identical or similar trademark may not be used on commodities involved in Class No. 31. Fengze does not currently own any trademark on “Hanxi” outside of Class No. 31. In the event of trademark infringement, the SAIC has the authority to fine the infringer and to confiscate or destroy the infringing products. In addition to actions taken by SAIC, Fengze would be entitled to sue an infringer for compensation.
 
 
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On August 1 and August 30, 2011, we entered into a collaborative agreement and a supplemental agreement (the “Agreements”) with An Puluo Food Processing Co., Ltd. (“An Puluo”) to pursue retail business. Pursuant to the Agreements we were allowed to apply to register “Tianli An Puluo” as an exclusive trademark with China’s SAIC Trademark Office and began to use “Tianli An Puluo” at our retail sales departments in local major supermarkets in greater Wuhan City. After we terminated the collaborative agreement with An Puluo, we have registered a new trademark to market our fresh black hog meat, “Xiduhei.”
 
Business Trade Secrets.   We have not applied for any patent protection for our premix; however, we rely on Chinese business secret laws to protect our interest in this premix.
 
Our premix was developed in conjunction with Professor Ming Li of China Central Teachers University. In return for providing financial and other support to Professor Li’s research, Professor Li assigned the rights to the results of his research and development (specifically, the premix) to us. In connection with this assignment, Professor Li agreed to protect the secrecy of our premix formula and to indemnify us against any damages caused if he discloses that information to third parties.
 
In addition to the terms under which we obtained rights to the premix, we have taken a number of measures to maintain the premix as a business secret under Chinese law.
 
Notwithstanding these measures, if we are required to sue to protect our rights in the premix, the ultimate determination of whether the premix constitutes a business secret protected under Chinese law will be made on the facts of the case itself. We cannot guarantee that we will be found to have a business secret or that any court will protect our rights in the premix formula.
 
Stringent Environmental Regulations.   Our operations and properties are subject to extensive and increasingly stringent laws and regulations pertaining to, among other things, the discharge of materials into the environment and the handling and disposition of wastes (including solid and hazardous wastes) or otherwise relating to protection of the environment.
 
Fengze has incurred, and we will continue to incur, capital and operating expenditures to comply with these laws and regulations. We typically expend approximately $150,000 or more to construct hog waste systems at each hog farm we build and there are also ongoing expenses to comply with environmental regulations. If we were to build a farm, or purchase a farm without the necessary waste equipment, we would expect to spend $150,000 or more in connection with such farm for environmental compliance purposes in addition to ongoing maintenance.
 
Regulation of the Hog Farming Industry.   The hog farming industry in the PRC is regulated by a number of governmental agencies, including the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Health, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, and the State Environmental Protection Administration. These regulatory bodies have broad discretion and authority to regulate many aspects of the hog farming industry in the PRC, including, without limitation, setting hygiene and quality standards. In addition, the regulatory framework in the PRC is evolving. If the relevant regulatory authorities set standards with which we are unable to comply or which increase our costs so as to render our products non-competitive, our profitability and our ability to sell products in the PRC may be impacted.
 
 
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Each province in the PRC requires hog farmers to obtain and maintain a license for each hog farm owned and operated in that province. Currently, all of our hog farms are located in the city of Wuhan in Hubei province, and we have obtained a license to own and operate each of our hog farms. We need to maintain our licenses to operate our current hog farms. If we pursue acquisitions of other hog farms, we will need to obtain additional licenses to operate those farms.
 
Employees
 
As of December 31, 2013, we had approximately 384 employees as compared to 338 employees as of December 31, 2012. All of our employees are based in China. Of the total as of December 31, 2013, 25 were in management and administration, 11 were farm managers, 11 served as deputy farm managers, 47 were in technical support (including the research and development staff, and veterinarians located on the farms), and 290 were in farming and sales. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. We have never had a work stoppage, and our employees are not subject to a collective bargaining agreement.
 
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
 
The purchase of our common shares involves a high degree of risk. Before you invest you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and other information and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. If any of the following events actually occurs, our financial condition or operating results may be materially and adversely affected, our business may be severely impaired, and the price of our common stock may decline, perhaps significantly. This means you could lose all or a part of your investment.
 
Risks Related to Our Industry
 
If there are any interruptions to or a decline in the amount or quality of our breeding stock or feed components, our production or sales could be materially and adversely affected.
 
Swine feed components and breeding stock are the principal raw materials used in our business. We purchase all of our swine feed components from a number of third-party suppliers. We generally breed and raise our own hogs and periodically purchase new breeding stock from third parties, including stock sourced from Europe and the United States. These third-party suppliers may not continue to be able or willing to satisfy our need for breeding stock and swine feed components. The supply of breeding stock may be affected by outbreaks of diseases or epidemics. Suppliers may not be able to provide live hogs or swine feed components of sufficient quantity or quality to meet our requirements. Any interruptions to or decline in the amount or quality of live hogs or swine feed components could materially disrupt our production and adversely affect our business. We are vulnerable to increases in the price of raw materials (particularly of swine feed components and occasionally live hogs) and other operating costs, and we may not be able to entirely offset increasing costs by increasing prices. If we are unable to entirely offset cost increases by raising prices, our profit margins and financial condition could be adversely affected.
 
 
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If the pork market in the PRC does not grow as we expect, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
 
We believe pork products have strong growth potential in the PRC and, accordingly, we have acquired farms. If the pork market in the PRC does not grow as we expect, our business may be harmed, we may need to adjust our growth strategy, and our results of operation may be adversely affected.
 
We may be unable to maintain our profitability in the face of a consolidating retail environment in the PRC.
 
We sell substantial amounts of our hogs to slaughterhouses, which sell to smaller retailers and supermarkets and large retailers. The supermarket and food retail industry in the PRC has been and is expected to continue consolidating.
 
As the supermarket and food retail industry continue to consolidate and retail customers grow larger and become more sophisticated, they may demand lower prices and increased promotional programs from our slaughterhouse customers, which may demand lower prices from us. If we are forced to lower prices in response to pressure from customers, our profitability could decline.
 
The hog farming industry in the PRC may face increased competition, as well as increased industry consolidation, which may affect our market share and profit margin.
 
The hog farming industry in the PRC is highly competitive. We believe that our ability to maintain our market share and grow our operations within this landscape of intense competition depends largely upon our ability to distinguish our hogs from our competitors’ hogs, especially as to our breeders.
 
We cannot assure you that our current or potential competitors will not develop hog breeding and farming technology of a quality comparable or superior to ours, or adapt more quickly than we do to evolving consumer preferences or market trends. In addition, our competitors may merge or form alliances among farms to achieve a scale of operations which would make it difficult for us to compete. Competition may also lead to price wars, which may adversely affect our market share and profit margin. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively with our current or potential competitors.
 
 
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The outbreak of animal diseases could adversely affect our operations.
 
An occurrence of serious animal diseases or any outbreak of other animal epidemics in the PRC might result in material disruptions to our operations, to the operations of our customers or suppliers or a decline in our industry or a slowdown in economic growth in the PRC and surrounding regions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In 2007, tens of millions of pigs were killed in China as a result of Blue Ear disease, which resulted in inflation in pork prices and affected 25 of China’s 33 provinces. While we take measures at each of our farms to prevent the outbreak of disease, there can be no assurance that our facilities or products will not be affected by an outbreak of disease in the future, or that the market for pork products in the PRC will not decline as a result of fear of disease. In either case, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely and materially affected.
 
Outbreaks of swine flu could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
An occurrence of a serious animal disease, such as swine influenza or H1N1 virus, a respiratory disease of pigs caused by influenza viruses, or any outbreak of other epidemics in the PRC affecting animals or humans might result in material disruptions to our operations, to the operations of our customers or suppliers or a decline in the supermarket or food retail industry or a slowdown in economic growth in the PRC and surrounding regions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and turnover.
 
Consumer concerns regarding the safety and quality of food products or health concerns could adversely affect sales of our products.
 
Our sales performance could be adversely affected if consumers lose confidence in the safety and quality of our products. Consumers in the PRC are increasingly conscious of food safety and nutrition. Consumer concerns about, for example, the safety of pork products could discourage them from buying pork products and cause our results of operations to suffer.
 
We may be subject to substantial liability should the consumption of pork products made from our hogs cause personal injury or illness and, unlike most food companies in the United States, we do not maintain product liability insurance to cover potential liabilities.
 
The sale of food products for human consumption involves an inherent risk of injury to consumers. Such injuries may result from tampering by unauthorized third parties or product contamination or degeneration, including the presence of foreign contaminants, chemical substances or other agents or residues during the various stages of the production process. While we are subject to governmental inspections and regulations, we cannot assure you that consumption of our products will not cause a health-related illness, or that we will not be subject to claims or lawsuits relating to such matters.
 
Even if a product liability claim is unsuccessful or is not fully pursued, the negative publicity surrounding any assertions that our products caused personal injury or illness could adversely affect our reputation with customers and our corporate and brand image. Furthermore, our products could potentially suffer from product tampering, contamination or degeneration or be mislabeled or otherwise damaged. Under certain circumstances, our products may be recalled. Even if a situation does not necessitate a recall, we cannot assure you that product liability claims will not be asserted against us. A product liability judgment against us or a product recall could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, profitability and business reputation.
 
 
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We purchase many commodities for raw materials and packaging, and price changes for the commodities we depend on may adversely affect our profitability.
 
We have not entered into long term contracts for the purchase of raw materials at fixed prices. The raw materials used in our feed are largely commodities that can experience significant price fluctuations caused by external conditions and changes in governmental agricultural programs over which we exercise no influence. We attempt to recover commodity cost increases by increasing hog prices and creating additional operating efficiencies, but cannot assure that we will always be successful in offsetting these cost increases.
 
Our hog farming business could be adversely affected by fluctuations in pork commodity prices.
 
The price at which hogs are sold is directly affected by the supply and demand for pork products and other meat products in the PRC, all of which are determined by market forces and other factors over which we have little or no control. A downward fluctuation in the demand for pork may adversely impact our results of operations.
 

 
Our operations are subject to various risks, including the risks of being expropriated, forced to shut down or modified by the local or central government.
 
Concepts regarding private property and the right to use land are in the development stage in China.  If the national or local government were to determine that the community at large would be better served if one of our farms were to alter or even cease its operations, or that the land on which one of our farms is located should be devoted to another purpose, it is likely that we would have no choice other than to comply with any order that might be issued.  In such event, if we were to receive any compensation for the loss or interruption to our business, the amount of such it likely would likely be far less than the damages incurred.
 
Risks Related to Our Business
 
 
Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and results of operations.
 
We have a limited operating history. Fengze and WFOE were established in 2005, and HCS and Tianli were established in 2009. Additionally we have been a US public company only since July 2010. Accordingly, you should consider our future prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties experienced by new companies in evolving markets such as the growing market for pork products in the PRC. Some of these risks and uncertainties relate to our ability to:
 
·  
produce breeder hogs that will be responsive to the needs of other hog farmers;
·  
attract additional customers and increased spending per customer;
·  
increase awareness of the quality of our hogs and to continue to develop customer loyalty;
·  
respond to competitive actions of other hog farmers;
·  
respond to changes in our regulatory environment;
·  
manage risks associated with intellectual property rights;
·  
maintain effective control of our costs and expenses;
·  
raise sufficient capital to sustain and expand our business;   and
·  
attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.
 
 
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If we are unsuccessful in addressing any of these risks and uncertainties, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
 
We may require additional financing in the future and our operations could be curtailed if we are unable to obtain required additional financing when needed.
 
We may need to obtain additional debt or equity financing to fund future capital expenditures. Any additional equity may result in dilution to the holders of our shares of capital stock. Additional debt financing may include conditions that would restrict our freedom to operate our business, such as conditions that:
 
·  
limit our ability to pay dividends or require us to seek consent for the payment of dividends;
·  
increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
·  
require us to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow for capital expenditures, working capital and other general corporate purposes; and
·  
may limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry.
 
We cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain any additional financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all.
 
Potential disruptions in the capital and credit markets may adversely affect our business, including the availability and cost of short-term funds for liquidity requirements, which could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
 
We may need to rely on the credit markets, particularly for short-term borrowings from banks within the PRC, as well as the capital markets, to meet our financial commitments and short-term liquidity needs if internal funds are not available from operations. Disruptions in the credit and capital markets could adversely affect our ability to draw on short-term bank facilities. Further, our access to funds under any such credit facilities is dependent on the ability of banks that are parties to those facilities to meet their funding commitments, which is dependent on governmental economic policies in the PRC. Banks that choose to enter into agreements with us may not be able to meet their funding commitments if they experience shortages of capital and liquidity or if they experience excessive volumes of borrowing requests from us and other borrowers within a short period of time.
 
 
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Our operating results may fluctuate from period to period.
 
Our operating results have fluctuated from period to period and are likely to continue to fluctuate as a result of a wide range of factors. For example, the pricing for hogs has experienced significant fluctuations. Additionally demand for pork in general is relatively high before the Chinese New Year in January or February and lower thereafter. Our production and sales are generally lower in the summer due to a slight drop in meat consumption during the warmer summer months.
 
If WFOE is required to make a payment under its agreement to bear the losses of Fengze, our liquidity may be adversely affected, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Under the terms of the Entrusted Management Agreement with Fengze, WFOE agreed to bear the losses of Fengze. WFOE may be required to absorb the losses at a time when WFOE does not have sufficient cash to make such payment and at a time when we or WFOE may be unable to borrow such funds on terms that are acceptable, if at all. As a result, any losses of Fengze that must be absorbed, under the Entrusted Management Agreement may have an adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
 
The loss of any key customer could reduce our revenues and our profitability.
 
Our key customers are principally hog brokers, hog farmers and slaughterhouses in the PRC. There can be no assurance that we will maintain or improve the relationships with these customers or other customers, or that we will be able to continue to supply these customers at current levels or at all.
 
If we cannot maintain long-term relationships with our larger customers, the loss of our sales to them could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Our bank accounts are not insured or protected against loss.
 
We maintain cash with various banks and trust companies located in the PRC and in Hong Kong. These cash accounts are not insured or otherwise protected. Should any bank or trust company holding our cash deposits become insolvent, or if we are otherwise unable to withdraw funds, we would lose the cash on deposit with that particular bank or trust company.
 
We are substantially dependent upon our senior management and key research and development personnel.
 
We are highly dependent on our senior management to manage our business and operations. In particular, we rely substantially on our chief executive officer, Ms. Hanying Li, and our chief financial officer, Mr. Jun Wang, to manage our operations.
 
We also depend on our key research and development personnel for the development of new breeding, nutrition and farming technologies and the enhancement of our existing products and technologies personnel. We do not maintain key man life insurance on any of our senior management or key personnel. The loss of the services of one of them would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. Competition for senior management and our other key personnel is intense and the pool of suitable candidates is limited. We may be unable to locate a suitable replacement for any senior management or key personnel that we lose. In addition, if any member of our senior management or key personnel joins a competitor or forms a competing company, they may compete with us for customers, business partners and other key professionals and staff members of our company. Although each of our senior management and key personnel has signed a confidentiality and non-competition agreement in connection with his employment with us, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully enforce these provisions in the event of a dispute between us and any member of our senior management or key personnel.
 
 
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We compete for qualified personnel with other agricultural companies and research institutions. Competition for these personnel could cause our compensation costs to increase, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Our future success and ability to grow our business will depend in part on our ability to identify, hire and retain additional qualified personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified employees, we may be unable to meet our business and financial goals.
 
We may not be able to adequately protect and maintain our intellectual property, trade secrets, and brand names.
 
We rely on a combination of trademark, trade secret, nondisclosure agreement and patent laws to protect our trade secrets and other valuable intellectual property and in particular, our premix formula. We have not applied for patents for our products or formulas, as our management believes an application for such patents would result in public knowledge of our proprietary technology and formulas. Our management has concluded that the risk of infringement of our proprietary technology in China in such a case outweighs the risk of being unable to protect our rights legally in China. Since we do not have patent protection for our technology or formulas, we may not be able to protect our rights to this intellectual property if our competitors discover or illegally obtain our technology or formulas. Our inability to protect our rights to this intellectual property may adversely affect our ability to prevent competitors from using our products and developments.
 
Our senior management lacks experience managing a public company and complying with laws applicable to operating as a U.S. public company domiciled in the British Virgin Islands.
 
Prior to the completion of our initial public offering in July 2010, Fengze operated as a private company located in China. In connection with our initial public offering, the senior management of Fengze formed Tianli in the British Virgin Islands, HCS in Hong Kong and caused WFOE to become Tianli’s subsidiary in the PRC. They also caused Fengze and WFOE to enter into agreements that gave Tianli effective control over the operations of Fengze by virtue of its ownership of HCS and HCS’ ownership of WFOE. In the process of taking these steps to prepare our company for our initial public offering, Fengze’s senior management became the senior management of Tianli. None of Tianli’s senior management has experience managing a public company or managing a British Virgin Islands company.
 
 
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Our Company is subject to laws, regulations and obligations that prior to our initial public offering did not apply to it, and our senior management has no experience in complying with such laws, regulations and obligations. For example, Tianli must comply with British Virgin Islands laws applicable to companies that are domiciled in that country. By contrast, prior to our initial public offering, senior management was experienced in operating the business of Fengze in compliance with Chinese law. Similarly, by virtue of our initial public offering, Tianli is required to file quarterly and annual reports and to comply with U.S. securities and other laws, which were not applicable to Tianli prior to our initial public offering. These obligations can be burdensome and complicated, and failure to comply with such obligations could have a material adverse effect on Tianli. In addition, the process of learning about such new obligations as a public company in the United States will require senior management to devote time and resources to such efforts that might otherwise be spent on the operation of the business of hog farming.
 
We may not pay dividends.
 
We have not previously paid any cash dividends, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends on our common shares. Although we achieved net profitability in 2006, we cannot assure you that our operations will continue to result in sufficient revenues to enable us to operate profitably or to generate positive cash flows. Furthermore, there is no assurance our Board of Directors will declare dividends even if we are profitable. Dividend policy is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our common shares in the future, we will be dependent, in large part, on receipt of funds from our operations.
 
Our growth strategy may prove to be disruptive and divert management resources, which could adversely affect our existing businesses.
 
We have constructed or acquired eleven farms. Our growth strategy includes the continued expansion of our annual hog production, largely by constructing black hog rearing facilities with local cooperatives in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province..  The implementation of such strategy may involve large transactions and present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including diversion of management attention from existing businesses, difficulty with integrating personnel and financial and other systems, increased expenses, including compensation expenses resulting from newly-hired employees, assumption of unknown liabilities and potential disputes. We also could experience financial or other setbacks if any of our growth strategies incur problems of which we are not presently aware.
 
As part of our growth strategy, we have acquired assets within the PRC. If any of our acquisitions are found not to comply with applicable laws or regulations, we might be required to make filings or submissions to PRC regulators or amend the terms of such acquisitions to meet PRC regulatory requirements.
 
We expect to continue to expand our operations in the PRC and have in recent years completed several farm acquisitions. While we believe that each of these acquisitions complied with all PRC laws and regulations, the regulatory environment that governs transactions in the PRC has continued to evolve in recent years and remains subject to interpretation by the agencies that have responsibility for reviewing or approving such transactions. If any of the acquisitions we completed were reviewed by a PRC regulator, it is possible that we may be required to demonstrate how the transaction complied with applicable PRC laws. This could require us to expend resources that would otherwise be used to manage our company. Further, if regulators determine that any of our transactions did not comply with applicable regulations, we may be required to renegotiate or revise the terms of the acquisition with the counterparties to the affected transaction. If such a scenario were to occur, we cannot be sure that our efforts to meet the regulator’s requirements would be successful, or that such efforts would not have an adverse effect on our operations.
 
 
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Foreign Operational Risks
 
We are dependent on the state of the PRC’s economy as all of our business is conducted in the PRC.
 
All of our business operations are conducted in the PRC, and all of our customers are also located in the PRC. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are subject to economic, political and legal developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including with respect to the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Any material slowdown in the PRC’s economy may cause a reduction in the prices, a slowdown in the rate of growth of pork consumption or a reduction in consumption, which may in turn lead to a decline in the demand for our products. Any to these could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
Since our operations and assets are located in the PRC, shareholders may find it difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against the assets of our company, our directors and executive officers.
 
Our operations and assets are located in the PRC. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are non-residents of the U.S., and substantially all the assets of such persons are located outside the U.S. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to affect service of process in the U.S., or to enforce a judgment obtained in the U.S. against us or any of these persons.
 
Fluctuation of the Renminbi (RMB) may indirectly affect our financial condition by affecting the economy of the PRC and by affecting our reported US dollar results.
 
Although we use the United States dollar for financial reporting purposes, nearly all of the transactions affected by WFOE and Fengze are denominated in the PRC’s currency, the RMB. The value of the RMB fluctuates and is subject to changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions. Such fluctuations could adversely impact our US dollar denominated financial reports. We do not currently engage in hedging activities to protect against foreign currency risks. Future movements in the exchange rate of the RMB could adversely affect the economy of the PRC and thus the consumption of our products.
 
 
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If any dividend is declared in the future, you may be taxed on a larger amount in U.S. dollars than the U.S. dollar amount that you actually receive.
 
If you are a United States holder, you will be subjected to taxation on the U.S. dollar value of your dividends, if any, at the time you receive them. Specifically, if a dividend is declared and paid in a currency other than US dollars, the amount of the dividend distribution that you must include in your income as a U.S. holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the payments made in the foreign currency, determined at the spot rate of the foreign currency to the U.S. dollar on the date the dividend distribution is includible in your income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Thus, if the value of the foreign currency decreases before you actually convert the currency into U.S. dollars, you will be taxed on a larger amount in U.S. dollars than the U.S. dollar amount that you will actually ultimately receive.
 
We may become a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to U.S. investors.
 
Based upon the nature of our business activities, we may be classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such characterization could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to you if you are a U.S. investor. For example, if we are a PFIC, a U.S. investor will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. The determination of whether or not we are a PFIC is made on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our income and assets from time to time. Specifically, we will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. tax purposes if either:
 
·  
75% or more of our gross income in a taxable year is passive income; or
·  
the average percentage of our assets by value in a taxable year which produce or are held for the production of passive income (which includes cash) is at least 50%.
 
We cannot assure you that we will not be a PFIC for any taxable year.
 
Introduction of new laws or changes to existing laws by the PRC government may adversely affect our business.
 
The PRC legal system is a codified legal system made up of written laws, regulations, circulars, administrative directives and internal guidelines. Unlike common law jurisdictions like the U.S., decided cases (which may be taken as reference) do not form part of the legal structure of the PRC and thus have no binding effect. Furthermore, in line with its transformation from a centrally planned economy to a more free market-oriented economy, the PRC government is still in the process of developing a comprehensive set of laws and regulations. As the legal system in the PRC is still evolving, laws and regulations or the interpretation of the same may be subject to further changes.
 
We do not have business interruption, litigation or natural disaster insurance.
 
The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. In particular PRC insurance companies offer limited business products. As a result, we do not have any business liability or disruption insurance coverage for our operations in China. Any business interruption, litigation or natural disaster may result in our business incurring substantial costs not covered by insurance.
 
 
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WFOE’s contractual arrangements with Fengze may result in adverse tax consequences to us.
 
We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that WFOE’s contractual arrangements with Fengze were not made on an arm’s length basis and adjust our income and expenses for PRC tax purposes in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment, or if they determine that the Company has not complied with the arrangements. A transfer pricing adjustment could result in a reduction, for PRC tax purposes, of expenses recorded by Fengze, which could adversely affect us by increasing Fengze’s tax liability if Fengze was no longer exempt from Chinese income taxes at some future date without reducing WFOE’s tax liability, which could further result in late payment fees and other penalties to Fengze for underpaid taxes.
 
WFOE’s contractual arrangements with Fengze may not be as effective in providing control over Fengze as direct ownership.
 
We conduct substantially all of our operations, and generate substantially all of our revenues, through contractual arrangements with Fengze that provide us with effective control over Fengze. We depend on Fengze to hold and maintain contracts with our customers. Fengze owns substantially all of our intellectual property, facilities and other assets relating to the operation of our business, and employs the personnel for substantially all of our business. Neither Tianli, nor HCS nor WFOE has any ownership interest in Fengze. Although we have been advised by our PRC legal counsel that WFOE’s contractual arrangements with Fengze are valid, binding and enforceable under current PRC laws and regulations, these contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing us with control over Fengze as direct ownership of Fengze would. In addition, Fengze or its shareholders may breach the contractual arrangements. For example, Fengze may decide not to make contractual payments to WFOE, and consequently to our company, in accordance with the existing contractual arrangements. In the event of any such breach, we would have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law. These remedies may not always be effective.
 
PRC laws and regulations governing our businesses and the validity of certain of our contractual arrangements are uncertain. If we are found to be in violation of such PRC laws and regulations, we could be subject to sanctions In addition, changes in such PRC laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.
 
There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws and regulations governing our business, or the enforcement and performance of WFOE’s contractual arrangements with Fengze. Tianli and WFOE are considered foreign persons or foreign invested enterprises under PRC law. As a result, Tianli and WFOE are subject to limitations on foreign ownership of Chinese companies. These laws and regulations are relatively new and may be subject to change, and their interpretation and enforcement may involve substantial uncertainty. The effectiveness of newly enacted laws, regulations or amendments may be delayed, resulting in detrimental reliance by foreign investors. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may be applied retroactively.
 
 
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The PRC government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licenses, and requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a later time by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot assure you that our current ownership and operating structure would not be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws or regulations. As a result, we may be subject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease to provide certain services. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Any of these or similar actions could disrupt our business operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
The shareholders of Fengze have conflicts of interest with us, which may adversely affect our business.
 
We rely on WFOE’s contractual obligations to enforce our interest in receiving payments from Fengze. Conflicts of interests may exist between Fengze’s shareholders and our Company.  As a result, we have required Fengze and each of its shareholders to execute irrevocable powers of attorney to appoint an individual designated by us to be his attorney-in-fact to vote on his behalf on all matters requiring shareholder approval by Fengze and to require Fengze’s compliance with the terms of its contractual obligations. We cannot assure you, however, that Fengze’s shareholders will act in our interests or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in our favor. In addition, these shareholders could violate their agreements with us by diverting business opportunities from us to others. If we cannot resolve any conflicts of interest between us and Fengze’s shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in the disruption of our business.
 
Recent PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to personal liability and limit our ability to inject capital into WFOE, limit WFOE’s ability to increase its registered capital, distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.
 
On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange in Fund-raising and Reverse Investment Activities of Domestic Residents Conducted via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. This Notice and other regulations, which require our shareholders who are PRC residents to make various filings, may have various adverse impacts upon our company and its operations. The failure or inability of our PRC resident shareholders to make any required registrations or comply with other requirements may subject such shareholders to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into or provide loans to WFOE or Fengze, limit their ability to pay dividends or otherwise distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.
 
We rely on dividends paid by WFOE for our cash needs.
 
In the future we would rely primarily on dividends paid by WFOE for our cash needs, including the funds necessary to pay our operating expenses, dividends and other cash distributions, if any, to our shareholders, and to service any debt we may incur. WFOE is dependent upon remittances of the management fee from Fengze for its cash needs. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. British Virgin Islands law also places restrictions on the payment of dividends.
 
 
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Pursuant to the new PRC enterprise income tax law effective on January 1, 2008, dividends payable by a foreign investment entity to its foreign investors are subject to a withholding tax of up to 20%. In practice, the tax authorities typically impose a withholding tax rate of 10% rate, as prescribed in the implementation regulations; however, there can be no guarantee that this practice will continue as more guidance is provided by relevant government authorities. As a result, we are unable to predict whether any such payments from HCS to Tianli, the BVI parent company, will be subject to withholding tax because it is unclear whether Tianli will be deemed to be a resident enterprise for Chinese tax purposes. If so, Tianli may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on all of its income on a worldwide basis. However, if Tianli is deemed to be a non-resident enterprise, then it will be subject to a withholding tax on any dividends paid by its Chinese subsidiaries to Tianli.
 
Our business benefits from certain government incentives. Expiration, reduction or discontinuation of, or changes to, these incentives will increase our tax burden and reduce our net income.
 
The PRC government has provided tax incentives and subsidies to domestic companies in our industry to encourage the development of agricultural businesses in China. We have received business tax exemptions or reductions, subsidies and government incentives in connection with Fengze’s ownership of hog farms and WFOE’s management of these operations. An example is that both Fengze and WOFE were exempted from income taxes for 2013 and prior years.
 
The PRC government authorities may reduce or eliminate these incentives through new legislation at any time in the future. Also, as we expand our operations into new areas the application of the exemption to new activities may be uncertain. In the event that we are no longer exempt from income taxation, our applicable tax rate would increase from 0% to up to 25%, the standard business income tax rate in the PRC. Similarly, the termination of the government practice of partially subsidizing the cost of hog insurance could reduce our profits or cause such insurance to become more expensive as fewer farmers elected to purchase such insurance. The reduction or discontinuation of any of these economic incentives could negatively affect our company.
 
The PRC’s labor law restricts our ability to reduce our workforce in the PRC in the event of an economic downturn and may increase our production costs.
 
Current law provides for specific standards and procedures for the termination of an employment contract and places the burden of proof on the employer. In addition, the law requires the payment of a statutory severance pay upon the termination of an employment contract in most cases, including the case of the expiration of a fixed-term employment contract. Further, downsizing of more than 20 people or more than 10% of the workforce may occur only under specified circumstances. To date, there has been very little guidance and precedents as to how such specified circumstances for downsizing will be interpreted and enforced by the relevant PRC authorities. All of our employees working for us exclusively within the PRC are covered by the new law and thus our ability to adjust the size of our operations when necessary may be curtailed. Accordingly, if we face periods of decline in business activity or adverse economic periods specific to our business, this new law could exacerbate the adverse effect of the economic environment on our results of operations and financial condition.
 
 
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If relations between the United States and China become an issue, our share price may decrease and we may have difficulty accessing U.S. capital markets.
 
At various times during recent years, the United States and China have had disagreements over political, economic and other issues. Controversies may arise in the future between these two countries. Any political or trade controversies between the United States and China could adversely affect the market price of our common shares and our ability to access U.S. capital markets.
 
The Chinese government could change its policies toward private enterprise or even nationalize or expropriate private enterprises, which could result in the total loss of our investment in China.
 
Our business may be adversely affected by political, economic and social developments in China. For many years, the Chinese government has pursued economic reform policies including the encouragement of private economic activity and greater economic decentralization. However in the future the Chinese government may decide not to pursue these policies or may alter them to our detriment with little, if any, prior notice. Nationalization or expropriation could even result in the total loss of our investment in China and in the total loss of your investment in us.
 
Because our operations are located in China, information about our operations are not readily available from independent third-party sources.
 
Because Fengze and WFOE are based in China, our shareholders may have greater difficulty in obtaining information about them on a timely basis than would shareholders of a U.S.-based company. Information available from newspapers, trade journals, or local, regional or national regulatory agencies such as issuance of construction permits and contract awards for development projects will not be readily available to shareholders and, where available, will likely be available only in Chinese. Shareholders will be dependent upon management for reports of their progress, development, activities and expenditure of proceeds.
 
Our failure to obtain prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) of the listing and trading of our common shares on a foreign stock exchange could have a material adverse effect upon our business, operating results, reputation and trading price of our common shares.
 
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “New M&A Rule”). The New M&A Rule became effective on September 8, 2006. This regulation contains provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle (“SPV”) formed for listing purposes and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals shall obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such SPV’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published procedures specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by SPVs seeking CSRC approval of overseas listings.
 
 
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However, the application of the New M&A Rule remains unclear with no consensus currently existing among leading PRC law firms regarding the scope and applicability of the CSRC approval requirement. We believe, based upon our understanding of current PRC laws and regulations that we are in compliance with the new M&A Rule because:
 
·  
We currently control our Chinese affiliate, Fengze, by virtue of WFOE’s VIE agreements with Fengze, and not through equity interest or asset acquisition which may be contrary to the New M&A Rule; and
·  
In spite of the lack of clarity on this issue, the CSRC has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation regarding whether offerings like our initial public offering are subject to the New M&A Rule.
 
If prior CSRC approval for our structure and initial public offering was required, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities. These authorities may impose fines and penalties upon our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our common shares.
 
Risks Relating to our Common Stock and our Status as a Public Company
 
The market price for our common shares may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.
 
The market price for our common shares may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:
 
·  
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results;
·  
changes in the Chinese economy;
·  
announcements by our competitors of acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
·  
additions or departures of key personnel;
·  
uncertainties about PRC companies generally; or
·  
potential litigation.
 
In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result, to the extent shareholders sell our shares, they may not receive a price per share that is based solely upon our business performance. We cannot guarantee that shareholders will not lose some of their entire investment in our common shares.
 
If our financial condition deteriorates, we may not meet continued listing standards of the NASDAQ Capital Market and our shareholders could find it difficult to sell our shares.
 
Our common shares are listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market. The NASDAQ Capital Market requires companies to fulfill specific requirements in order for their shares to continue to be listed. If we fail to continue to meet NASDAQ’s continued listing requirements and if our shares are delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market at some later date, our shareholders could find it difficult to sell our shares.
 
 
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Our management is generally not familiar with the United States securities laws.
 
Our management is generally unfamiliar with the requirements of the United States securities laws and may not appreciate the need to devote the resources necessary to comply with such laws. A failure to adequately respond to the requirements of the applicable securities laws could lead to investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory authorities that could be costly, divert management's attention and disrupt our business.
 
We will incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance requirements.
 
As a public company we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, together with rules implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission and applicable market regulators. These rules impose various requirements on public companies, including requiring certain corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance requirements. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.
 
Our classified board structure may prevent a change in our control.
 
Our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors. Directors of each class are to be chosen for three-year terms upon the expiration of their current terms, and each year one class of directors is elected by the shareholders. The staggered terms of our directors may reduce the possibility of a tender offer or an attempt at a change in control, even though a tender offer or change in control might be in the best interest of our shareholders.
 
Ability to opt out of NASDAQ Marketplace Rules
 
NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer to follow its home country practice in lieu of most of the requirements of the 5600 Series of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. In order to claim such an exemption, we must disclose the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those required to be followed by U.S. domestic issuers under NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.  We previously determined to follow our home country rule which allowed us to sell more than 20% or more of our shares outstanding prior to the transaction for less than the greater of book or market value of the stock. In the future we could determine to opt out of other requirements of the 5600 Series of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.
 
 
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Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market price of our common shares, as the future sale of a substantial amount of outstanding common shares in the public marketplace could reduce the price of our common shares.
 
The market price of our shares could decline as a result of sales of substantial amounts of our shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur. In addition, these factors could make it more difficult for us to raise funds if required through future offerings of our common shares. As of March 10, 2014, we had outstanding an aggregate of 13,964,000 common shares. Of those shares, all but those owned by our affiliates are freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. The shares held by our affiliates may be sold in the future without registration under the Securities Act to the extent permitted by Rule 144 or other exemptions under the Securities Act. The shares held by our affiliates could also be sold in private transactions or transactions outside of the United States without the being reported in the United States.
 
Our chief executive officer owns a significant percentage of our common shares, decreasing your influence on shareholder decisions.

Hanying Li, our chairwoman and chief executive officer, beneficially owns approximately 22% of our outstanding common shares. In addition, Wei Gong, one of our directors, owns approximately 20% of our outstanding common shares . As a result, Ms. Li and Mr. Gong possess substantial ability to impact our management and affairs and the outcome of matters submitted to shareholders for approval. These shareholders, acting individually or as a group, could exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors and approving mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our common shares.
 
We may suffer a change in control and our business could be significantly harmed if our chief executive officer or other significant employees pledge their common shares to secure loans and default in the payment of those loans.
 
If our chief executive officer, who owns approximately 22% of our outstanding common shares, or Mr. Gong, who owns approximately 20% of our outstanding common shares, was to pledge her or his shares to secure the payment of a loan, and then default in the payment of that loan, the default could result in a sale of a substantial number of our common shares resulting in a decrease in the price of our shares and a change in control of our company.
 
As the rights of shareholders under British Virgin Islands law differ from those under U.S. law, you may have fewer protections as a shareholder.
 
Our corporate affairs will be governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the British Virgin Islands Business Companies Act, 2004 (the “BVI Act”), and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the British Virgin Islands and by the BVI Act. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States.
 
 
36

 
 
As a result of all of the above, holders of our shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company.
 
British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect their interests.
 
British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstances in which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights of shareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly, shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are also unlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to impose liabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature. There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands will generally recognize and enforce the non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits. This means that even if shareholders were to sue us successfully, they may not be able to recover anything to make up for the losses suffered.
 
The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if the shareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.
 
Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Act dealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the constituent documents of the corporation, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordance with the general law and the articles and memorandum.
 
Item 2. Properties
 
We currently operate ten hog farms within Hubei Province. We also maintain a separate headquarters office in Wuhan City. We have two farms that are less than 10 acres each. The largest hog farm currently operating contains approximately 80 acres and has an annual capacity of 20,000 hogs.
 
These farms are generally located on lands that we lease from farming associations. Under Chinese law, the traditional farmers, represented by local farming authorities, are able to lease this land to us to develop for agricultural purposes. The commercial leases are held for periods of between 20 and 50 years, depending on the local farming authority.
 
 
37

 
 
On November 6, 2013, the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Caidian District, Wuhan City, directed the Company to close one of the Company's farms located in the Caidian District which is our eighth farm. The Company is advised that all agricultural and manufacturing activities in the area of Dacha Lake in the Caidian District is being ordered to shut down before the end of 2013 as part of the government's effort to restore the lake to its natural condition.
 
At the conclusion of the current leases, we expect to have the ability to renew the leases.
 
Property
 
Address
 
Rental Term
 
Space
Wuhan
(headquarters)
 
Suite K, 12th Floor
Building A, Jiangjing Mansion
228 Yanjiang Ave
Jiangan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China 430010
 
Company Owned
 
5170   square   feet
       
Farm 1
(annual capacity 20,000 hogs)
 
Qigang Village, Huangpi District, Wuhan
 
30 years
(May 30, 2005 -
May 29, 2035)
 
42.83 acres
       
Farm 2
(annual capacity 10,000 hogs)
 
Nanyan Village, Wangjiahe Street, Huangpi District,
Wuhan, Hubei
 
25 years
(January 1, 2007 -
December 31, 2032)
 
14.17 acres
       
Farm 3
(annual capacity 10,000 hogs)
 
Qunyi Village, Wangjiahe Street, Huangpi District, Wuhan, Hubei
 
30 years
(January 1, 2009 -
January 31, 2039)
 
15.65 acres
       
Farm 4
(annual capacity 20,000 hogs)
 
Rongjiazhai Village, Liji Town, Huangpi District, Wuhan, Hubei
 
30 years
(December 31, 2006 -
December 31, 2036)
 
18.12 acres
       
Farm 5
(annual capacity 10,000 hogs)
 
Hongqiang Village, Liji Town, Huangpi District, Wuhan, Hubei
 
30 years
(March 1, 2008 -
January 1, 2038)
 
24.71 acres
       
Farm 6
(annual capacity 10,000 hogs)
 
Sanxingyuan Village, Hanchuan City, Hubei
 
20 years
(January 1, 2007 -
December 31, 2026)
 
11.53 acres
       
Farm 7
(annual capacity 10,000 hogs)
 
Sanxingyuan Village, Hanchuan City, Hubei
 
20 years
(January 1, 2007 -
December 31, 2026)
 
13.18 acres
       
Farm 8
(annual capacity 20,000 hogs)
 
Qianjin Village, Yuxian Town, Caidian District, Wuhan, Hubei
 
50 years
(January 18, 2009 -
January   31, 2059)
(Ordered to shutdown in 2013)
 
13.18 acres
       
Farm 9
(annual capacity 20,000 hogs)
 
Zhulin Village, Yaoji Street, Huangpi District, Wuhan, Hubei
 
50 years
(February 1, 2008 -
January 31, 2058)
 
 
79.07 acres
       
Farm 10
(annual capacity 20,000 hogs)
 
Quanhua Village, Hengdian Street, Huangpi District, Wuhan City, Hubei
 
20 Years
(August 1, 2010 to July 31, 2030)
 
11.34 acres
       
Farm 11
(annual capacity 20,000 hogs once operating capacity is reached)
 
Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei
 
25 Years
(September, 2007 to September, 2032)
 
23.72 acres
 
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
 
There are no pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or in which any of our directors, officers or affiliates, any owner of record or beneficially of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, or security holder is a party adverse to us or has a material interest adverse to us. Our property is not the subject of any pending legal proceedings.
 
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Not applicable.
 
 
38

 
 
Part II
 
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Market for Our Common Shares
 
Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market since August 6, 2013, and prior thereto on the Nasdaq Global Market, under the symbol “OINK.” The prices set forth below reflect the quarterly high and low closing prices of a share of our common shares for the periods indicated as reported by finance.yahoo.com.
                       
      High       Low  
Quarter Ended March 31, 2012
  $ 1.90     $ 1.23  
Quarter Ended June 30, 2012
  $ 2.58     $ 1.05  
Quarter Ended September 30, 2012
  $ 1.50     $ 0.74  
Quarter Ended December 31, 2012
  $ 1.66     $ 0.73  
Quarter Ended March 31, 2013
  $ 0.98     $ 0.67  
Quarter Ended June 30, 2013
  $ 1.00     $ 0.54  
Quarter Ended September 30, 2013
  $ 1.28     $ 0.50  
Quarter Ended December 31, 2013
  $ 2.47     $ 0.95  
 
Holders
 
On December 31, 2013, there were approximately 4 15 stockholders of record of our common shares. The number of record holders does not include persons who held our common stock in nominee or “street name” accounts through brokers.
 
Dividends
 
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common shares. We anticipate that we will retain any earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. Therefore, we do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors, including future earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions and future prospects and other factors the Board of Directors may deem relevant.
 
If we determine to pay dividends on any of our common shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from WFOE, which in turn would be dependent on the receipt of funds from our variable interest entity, Fengze. Payments of dividends by WFOE to our Company are subject to laws and regulations in the PRC including the requirement that foreign invested enterprises may only buy, sell and/or remit foreign currencies at those banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business. Further, such remittances would require WFOE to provide an application for remittance that includes, in addition to the application form, a foreign registration certificate, board resolution, capital verification report, audit report on profit and stock bonuses, and a tax certificate. There are no such similar foreign exchange restrictions in the British Virgin Islands.
 
 
39

 
 
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Except as previously reported in the reports filed under the Exchange Act, we did not issue or sell any unregistered securities during the fourth quarter of 2013.
 
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
 
The following table sets forth information about common shares available for issuance under compensatory plans and arrangements as of December 31, 2013.
 
           
(c)
           
Number of securities
   
(a)
     
remaining available
   
Number of
 
(b)
 
for future issuance
   
securities to be
 
Weighted-average
 
under equity
   
issued upon
 
exercise price of
 
Compensation
   
exercise of
 
outstanding options
 
plans (excluding
   
outstanding
 
under equity
 
securities reflected in
Plan Category
 
options
 
compensation plans
 
column (a))
             
Equity compensation
           
plan approved by
           
security holders
 
None
 
--
 
None
             
Equity compensation
           
plans not approved by
         
security holders
 
None
 
--
 
None
             
Total
 
None
 
--
 
None
 
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
 
This item does not apply to smaller reporting companies.
 
I tem 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)
 
The following discussion and analysis of our Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.
 
Overview
 
Our Company is in the business of breeding, raising, and selling hogs in the Wuhan City area of the PRC, and has recently begun to  distribute certain of its black hog products through supermarkets and to restaurants, hotels and other retailers.  More recently we initiated sales of specialty processed black hog meat through the internet . We control Fengze, pursuant to a series of control agreements between Fengze and our wholly owned subsidiary, WFOE. Fengze mainly produces and sells hogs for breeding stock and slaughter. During the year 2013, Fengze owned and operated ten commercial farms in the Wuhan City area and one commercial farm in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. However, on November 6, 2013, the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Caidian District, Wuhan City, directed the Company to close one of the Company's farms located in the Caidian District. The Company is advised that all agricultural and manufacturing activities in the area of Dacha Lake in the Caidian District were ordered to shut down before the end of 2013 as part of the government's effort to restore the lake to its natural condition. We have obtained a 3-month grace period to extend the evacuation deadline to the end of the first quarter of 2014. In addition, Fengzi owns a majority of Tianzhili which operates in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture (“Enshi”). Tianzhili mainly raises and sells black hogs in conjunction with local hog farmers in Enshi. In addition, it will distribute black hogs to supermarkets , restaurants, hotels and other retailers in greater Wuhan City, including Zhongbai, Xinyijia and Wushang Mart.
 
 
40

 
 
Our business has grown rapidly as a result of the expansion of our annual capacity levels as discussed above, and China’s strengthening economy, and the resulting strong demand for our hogs, particularly for our breeder hogs.
 
In an effort to significantly increase the scale of our operations, in 2012 we concluded a series of agreements (the “Exclusivity Agreements”) with the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province, the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Xianfeng County of Hubei Province, the Xuwang Hog Farming Professional Cooperatives of Xianfeng County, and the Qiming Hog Farming Professional Cooperatives of Xianfeng County, whereby we were granted the exclusive right to breed and sell Enshi black hogs in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province.   The agreements call for the joint development, funding and operation of local cooperatives in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province whereby the Company, the relevant governmental agencies and the cooperatives will assist participating farmers to breed and raise Enshi black hogs which will be purchased by the Company for resale as meat hogs or retained or sold as breeders at the Company’s discretion. If successfully implemented, this program should allow us to profit from the black hogs grown by the participating farmers who will be obligated to purchase feed, vaccines and other supplies from us and then sell us their hogs at a price which is comparable to the costs at which we currently grow our own hogs.
 
The Exclusivity Agreements envision that we will work with the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureaus of Xianfeng County and Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, respectively, to develop a regional breeding and distribution program whereby local farmers will be trained and supervised by us, the relevant governmental agencies and their cooperatives in raising a breed of black hogs genetically developed and monitored by us with the approval of the local government agency.   By the end of 2013 we had funded and completed the construction of 798 farms for local farmers.  Achievement of any of the program’s goals and the need for financing are dependent upon the participation, cooperation and skills of local farmers.   Given the long term of this project, it is likely that there will be continued negotiation of various issues that arise during the life of the project. After providing the financing necessary for completion of the construction for 798 farms, we have decided to temporarily stop providing capital to the program and focus on our black hog retail operations.
 
 
41

 
 
Principal Factors Affecting our Results of Operations
 
Revenues and Incomes
 
We derive our revenues from the sale of hogs to other hog farms for breeding purposes, to brokers who sell the product both to other hog farms for breeding purposes and to slaughterhouses, and directly to slaughterhouses. We breed and raise hogs that are eventually sold as either breeder or market hogs which will be sold to slaughter houses for conversion into pork products. Some of the hogs are bred and raised for the purpose of sale as market hogs, while others become market hogs because customers do not select them as breeder hogs. Also very few boars are required for breeding purposes, as compared with sows. As approximately half of a litter will be males, most of these males will be sold as market hogs. In addition to the hogs bred and raised by us, we also purchase and resell balck hogs raised by some of the farmers participating in the cooperatives formed pursuant to the Exclusivity Agreements described above.
 
The average sales price for a breeder is significantly higher than that of a market hog, and since breeder hogs are sold at a younger age than market hogs and usually weigh about 110 pounds at the date it is sold, as compared to the average weight of about 220 pounds for a market hog, the direct cost of feeding and otherwise raising a breeder hog is less than a market hog. Thus the gross margin for breeder hogs is substantially higher than that of a market hog. Consequently, the Company has focused its operations so that a significant portion of its sales are represented by breeder hogs, and its success in so doing has been a major contribution to its operating profit.
 
We also receive some subsidies from the government for operating our farms. Some of these subsidies are non-recurring, such as the payment we receive when we reach specified annual production capacities, or for the acquisition of certain operating equipment. Others, such as subsidies for breeder hog insurance, are ongoing so long as we qualify. Of course, there is no assurance the government will continue any of its policies for granting subsidies.
 
In August 2011, Fengze and An Puluo signed a collaborative agreement whereby we received the right to sell processed pork products at retail under the brand name “Tianli An Puluo” in greater Wuhan City. We derived revenues from this collaborative agreement from the third quarter of 2011 until it was canceled in June 2012.
 
More recently we have begun to distribute black hog products processed by us through supermarkets, to restaurants, hotels and other retailers in the area of Wuhan City and through the internet.
 
Factors Affecting Revenues
 
The following factors, among others, affect the revenues and profitability that we derive from our operations. For other factors affecting our revenues, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business,” included elsewhere in this Form 10-K
 
Consumer demand for pork products. Consumer demand for pork products is closely linked to the performance of the general Chinese economy and is sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels.
 
Declines in consumer demand may occur as a result of adverse general economic conditions. Lower consumer confidence and changes in consumer preferences for pork as compared with other meats can lower the revenues and profitability of our operations. As a result, changes in consumer demand and general business cycles can subject our revenues to volatility.
 
 
42

 
 
Revenues resulting from the sale of breeder hogs.   A significant amount of our revenues and operating margin result from the sales of young breeder hogs to other hog farmers. Because these breeder hogs command a price significantly higher than market hogs, and are sold at a younger age, thus incurring less feed and related finishing expenses, the profitability of the sale of a breeder hog is higher than that for the sale of a market hog. A significant reduction in the proportion of our sales that are breeder hogs would very likely significantly reduce our overall profit margin.
 
Government action in our industry.   Because pork occupies such a central role in the Chinese diet, the government has occasionally taken action to prevent the price of pork from dropping below specified levels and has provided subsidies to companies engaged in hog farming. We benefit from this protection, and we could be harmed if the government terminated such practices. In addition, the government has taken actions to prevent the spread of diseases among livestock, including mandatory culls of affected animals. These actions have occasionally resulted in relative shortages, which tend to lead to higher prices for healthy animals, and could result in a reduction of our stock, thus reducing revenues and profit. Likewise it is possible that the government could implement some form of price controls that could adversely impact our ability to price our products as to recover increases in costs such as feed.
 
Competition and subsidies. While the hog farming industry in Hubei province and the Wuhan City area includes a large number of farms, many of those farms are smaller farms that sell relatively few hogs per year. We believe the incentives being given to farms that reach specified annual production capacities are likely to result in a consolidation of the industry. Our ability to increase our production capacity and thus to qualify for these incentives for our operations allows us to receive non-recurrent benefits from these subsidies, as well as to benefit from increased economies of scale in our operations.
 
Expansion. We believe we must continue to expand our production capacity to attain additional market share. Since 2006, we have acquired or built eleven hog farms. If we fail to make acquisitions or expand our production capacity, our revenue growth could slow.
 
Epidemic outbreaks. The outbreak of animal diseases could adversely affect our revenues. An occurrence of serious animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease, or any outbreak of other epidemics in the PRC affecting animals or humans might result in material disruptions to our sales.
 
Taxes.   Currently the Company believes that the provisions of the PRC’s Enterprise Income Tax law provide it with an exemption from PRC income taxes, VAT taxes and business service taxes. If this understanding is incorrect or if the law or interpretations of the law change, this could significantly impact the Company’s net operating results.
 
Contractual arrangements with Fengze. We conduct substantially all of our operations, and generate substantially all of our revenues, through contractual arrangements with Fengze that provide us with effective control over Fengze. We depend on Fengze to hold and maintain contracts with our customers. Fengze owns substantially all of our intellectual property, facilities and other assets relating to the operation of our business, and employs the personnel for substantially all of our business. Neither Tianli, nor HCS nor WFOE has any ownership interest in Fengze. Although WFOE’s contractual arrangements with Fengze are valid, binding and enforceable under current PRC laws and regulations, these contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing the Company with control over Fengze as direct ownership of Fengze would.
 
 
43

 
 
Costs and Expenses
 
We primarily incur the following costs and expenses:
 
Costs of goods sold. In raising hogs for sale, we incur a number of costs that represent the costs of goods sold. We must purchase hog feed, premix components, medicines and other supplies to grow our hogs and keep them healthy. In addition to these items, cost of goods sold includes expenses such as the amortization of the sows (referred to as biological assets), farm employee wages, water, electricity, equipment depreciation expense, maintenance expense, quarantine expense, equipment costs, insurance expense, and sewage charges.
 
General and administrative expenses.   General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation expense for our corporate staff, professional fees (including consulting, audit and legal fees), communication costs, research and development costs, gasoline, welfare expenses, education expenses, travel and business hospitality expenses, land rent, and other office administrative and related expenses.
 
Sales and marketing costs. Sales and marketing costs include salaries, wages, and promotion expenses.
 
Factors Affecting Expenses
 
Supplies and commodity prices. The largest component of our expenses relates to the price of materials required to breed and raise hogs for sale. Specifically, while we ordinarily breed our own hogs, we periodically purchase breeding stock to continue to improve our genetic breeding pool. Similarly, the prices of corn and soybean husks in China are important to our operations, because corn and soybean husks are the primary component of the hogs’ diet. To the extent the prices of these materials vary, our cost of goods will fluctuate, and we may not be able to recover these higher costs by higher prices for our products. For this reason, we may be affected by droughts, floods, crop diseases and the like, which tend to make feed scarcer and thus more expensive.
 
Transition to public company. As we are now a public company, our administrative costs have increased materially, including audit, legal, travel to the United States, investor relations and advisor costs as well as the need to comply with detailed reporting requirements.
 
Number of customers.   The more customers we have, the related selling expenses, travel expenses and other similar costs will likely increase. At present, we sell substantially all of our hogs to a relatively small number of customers. We believe this concentration of customers has allowed us to focus our marketing and selling efforts.
 
 
44

 
 
Number of farms we operate. We have acquired or constructed a number of hog farms in the last several years. As we operate more farms, our administrative expenses tend to increase in dollars terms.
 
Retail expenses. As we pursue a strategy of providing our branded product to retail outlets, we expect that we will face additional costs such as marketing, promotion, sales and advertising expenses to establish our brand image and retail recognition.
 
In connection with the Enshi Black Hog program described above, we have agreed to incur various costs and contribute various amounts to cover the costs of different aspects of the program. Since 2011, we signed 8 joint development agreements, generally for periods of 10 years, with 8 local cooperatives in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province whereby the Company, the relevant governmental agencies and the cooperatives will assist participating farmers to breed and raise Enshi black hogs which will be purchased by us for resale as meat hogs or retained or sold as breeders at our discretion. Under these agreements, we provide funding to local independent farmers to construct small-scale hog rearing facilities on which the farmers will grow the black hogs for sale to us. Pursuant to these joint development agreements, title to these small-scale hog rearing facilities belongs to us and the local cooperatives (and the individual farmers) have the right to use them. As of December 31, 2013, we have purchased $11.32 million dollars of hog rearing facilities and equipment that has been completed and is operational and included in plant and equipment. After providing the financing necessary for completion of the construction for 798 farms, we have decided to temporarily stop providing capital to the program and focus on our black hog retail operations.
 
R esults of Operations
 
As of December 31, 2013, we decided that we have two operating segments, Hog Farming and Retail. The hog farming segment consists of sales of our raised regular and black breeder hogs, raised regular and black market hogs, and black hogs we bought from individual hog farmers for resell purpose that were sold to meat processors. Our retail segment consists of the selling of processed black hog meat products to the public through refrigerators we established in supermarkets, sales of processed black hog meat products to restaurants, hotels and other retailers and through the internet.
 
Comparison of the Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2013 and 2012
 
All amounts, other than percentages, in U.S. dollars
 
   
For Year Ended December 31,
         
Percentage of
 
   
2013
   
2012
   
Net Change
   
Change
 
Sales
  $ 33,350,942     $ 26,529,423     $ 6,821,519       25.71 %
Cost of goods sold
    30,330,010       23,073,991       7,256,019       31.45 %
Gross profit
    3,020,932       3,455,432       (434,500 )     (12.57 )%
Selling, general and administrative  expenses
    3,799,816       3,421,178       378,638       11.07 %
Income (loss) from operations
    (778,884 )     34,254       (813,138 )     (2373.85 )%
Interest expense, net
    (338,688 )     (461,299 )     122,611       (26.58 )%
Subsidy income
    107,584       218,605       (111,021 )     (50.79 )%
Impairment loss from Farm 8 shutdown
    (1,490,034 )     -       (1,490,034 )     n/a  
Impairment loss from construction in progress
    (38,769 )     -       (38,769 )     n/a  
Other expense
    (145,672 )     (43,534 )     (102,138 )     234.62 %
Net other expense
    (1,905,579 )     (286,228 )     (1,619,351 )     565.76 %
Loss before income taxes
    (2,684,463 )     (251,974 )     (2,432,489 )     965.37 %
Income taxes
    -       -       -       n/a  
Net loss from continuing operations
    (2,684,463 )     (251,974 )     (2,432,489 )     965.37 %
Gain from operations of discontinued component, net of taxes
    -       39,179       (39,179 )     (100 )%
Net loss
  $ (2,684,463 )   $ (212,795 )   $ (2,471,668 )     1161.53 %
 
 
45

 
 
The following table sets forth information as to the gross margin for our two business segments for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands).
 
   
Hog Farming
   
Retail
   
Total
 
   
Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
Revenues
  $ 32,807     $ 544     $ 33,351  
Cost of goods sold
  $ 29,919     $ 411     $ 30,330  
Gross profit
  $ 2,888     $ 133     $ 3,021  
Gross margin %
    9 %     24 %     9 %
 
   
Hog Farming
   
Retail
   
Total
 
   
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
Revenues
  $ 26,529     $ -     $ 26,529  
Cost of goods sold
  $ 23,074     $ -     $ 23,074  
Gross profit
  $ 3,455     $ -     $ 3,455  
Gross margin %
    13 %     -       13 %
 
Revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we had revenues of $33,350,942, as compared to revenues of $26,529,423 for the year ended December 31, 2012. Our revenues increased by $6,821,519 or approximately 25.71%. This growth in revenues was primarily attributable to sales of black hogs raised by farmers participating in our cooperative programs, the initiation of our retail sales of processed black hog products, offset by the decrease in revenues from our regular market hog sales.
 
The tables below illustrate the sales of breeder hogs, market hogs, black hogs and processed pork products for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
 
46

 
 
Sales by Products
 
   
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
   
No. of Hogs Sold
   
Average Price/Hog
   
Sales
   
No. of Hogs Sold
   
Average Price/Hog
   
Sales
 
Breeder Hogs – regular hogs
    30,639     $ 273     $ 8,373,059       26,690     $ 293     $ 7,821,393  
Market Hogs – regular hogs
    88,523     $ 206       18,228,851       89,006     $ 210       18,708,030  
Breeder and Market Hogs – black hogs
    28,003     $ 222       6,205,388       -     $ -       -  
Market Hogs – processed pork products
    2,016     $ 270       543,644       -     $ -       -  
Total
    149,181     $ 224     $ 33,350,942       115,696     $ 229     $ 26,529,423  
 
Although we had an increase of $551,666 or 7% in revenue from breeder hog sales for 2013, our revenues from regular market hogs decreased $479,179 or 3% at the same time which resulted in a slight increase of $72,487 in revenue from regular hogs.
 
We sold approximately 15% more breeder hogs and 1% less market hogs in 2013 than in 2012, offset by a decline in selling prices per hog of breeder hogs and market hogs. The selling price per hog of breeder hogs and regular market hogs decreased 7% and 2%, respectively. As a result, sales revenue attributable to breeder hogs increased by 7% and sales attributable to market hogs decreased by 3%. The decreases in the selling price per hog of breeder hogs and regular market hogs were primarily attributable to: (1) an apparent decline in China pork market in 2013 impacted by H7N9 avian flu; (2) a number of preferential policies for hog raising by government of China since 2011, such as government’s subsidies, attracted more investments in hog farming and resulted in an increase of market hogs supply, and (3) the central government’s new policies promote frugality, thrift, and forbids extravagance from the government’s spending binge wasting in gifts and unnecessary parties. This gradually changed the food consumption habit and reduced the pork demand as well.
 
We experienced price declines in regular hog sales, including breeder hogs and market hogs. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we generated $6,749,032 in revenues through the sale of black hogs and black hog processed products. We sold 28,003 black hogs as breeder and market hogs and 2,016 black hogs were used to produce the processed pork sold in our retail business. As of the end of 2013 we were distributing processed black hog products through more than 12 Supermarkets and to 10 chain restaurants and hotels. Our black hog product portfolio includes fresh pork meats sold to supermarkets and meat shops, various vacuumed pork meats boxed in gift boxes or portable thermo coolers.
 
 
47

 
 
Cost of goods sold.   Cost of goods sold includes the cost of feeds, labor, depreciation and other overhead costs. For 2013, cost of goods sold was $30,330,010 as compared to $23,073,991 for 2012, an increase of $7,256,019, or 31.45%. Cost of goods sold related to the hog farming segment was $29,919,000 for 2013 as compared to $23,074,000 for 2012. Cost of goods sold for the retail segment was $411,000 for 2013.
 
Profit Margins. Our gross margin decreased to 9% in the year 2013 from 13% in 2012. Our gross profit was $3,020,932 for 2013 as compared to $3,455,432 for 2012. This decrease in our gross margin reflected the impact of the increased cost of feeds and animal medicines, as well as the reduction of selling prices.
 
Our gross margin from hog farming was 9% in 2013 as compared to 13% in 2012. Our  retail margin was 24% in 2013. The gross margins for breeder hogs were 28% and 31% in the years 2013 and 2012, respectively, and the gross margins for regular market hogs were 1% and 5% in the years 2013 and 2012. The gross margins for black market hogs and processed black pork products were 5% and 24%. The decrease of the gross margins for breeder hogs and regular market hogs is mainly attributable to a continued struggle at pork demand and higher feed prices.
 
Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $378,638 in 2013 as compared to 2012. The increase was primarily the result of $1.0 million of general and administrative expense from our retail segment, partly offset by the reduction of $0.6 million from our selling expenses.
 
Net Other Expense. Net other expense increased from $286,228 for 2012 to $1,905,579 for 2013, a net increase of $1,619,351. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $1,490,034 in impairment loss from our Farm 8 shutdown and a decrease of $111,021 from subsidy income.
 
Income taxes. As an agricultural business, the Company is exempt from the Chinese income tax and our hog farming operations are exempt from VAT. With respect to our wholesale operations, we are engaged in breeding, processing, and distributing black hogs and black hog meats which are exempt from VAT taxes and corporate income tax as well.
 
Net Loss. Our net loss for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $2,684,463 and $251,974, respectively. The increase of $2,432,489 or 965.37% in net loss was primarily the result of an impairment loss of $1,490,034 from Farm 8 shutdown, the net effect of $434,500 from reduced hog selling price and inflated feed costs, and additional selling expenses of $452,684 from the retail segment.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Liquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis. At December 31, 2013 our working capital was $14,946,630 as compared to $8,984,403 at December 31, 2012, reflecting an increase in cash and cash equivalents balances to $10,087,694 at the end of 2013 as compared to $7,477,205 at the end of 2012. These funds are located in financial institutions located as follows:
 
   
December 31, 2013
   
December 31, 2012
 
Country
 
Dollar
   
%
   
Dollar
   
%
 
United States
  $ -       -     $ 233,646       3 %
China
    10,087,694       100 %     7,243,559       97 %
    $ 10,087,694       100 %   $ 7,477,205       100 %
 
 
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The components of cash flows are discussed below:
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ (113,010 )   $ 5,608,121  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (750,559 )     (7,331,303 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    3,048,139       2,604,420  
Exchange rate effect on cash
    425,919       88,225  
Net cash inflow
  $ 2,610,489     $ 969,463  
 
Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
 
Net cash used in operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2013 totaled $113,010. Cash from operating activities mainly consisted of our net loss for the year of $2,684,463, supplemented by non-cash expenses of depreciation and amortization of $3,630,414, amortization of prepaid rental expense of $437,445, bad debt expense of $14,198, loss from inventory of $84,800, impairment losses of $1,490,034 and $38,769 from a farm shutdown and construction in progress, and an increase in other payables of $750,889, and partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $102,462, an increase in inventories of $1,005,268, a feed prepayment of $1,440,167 included in our advances to suppliers, a security deposit payment of $981,932 for national black hog promotion activities included in our other receivables. Our increase in accounts receivable reflects the opening of our retail operations which started in the second quarter of 2013. Sales to supermarkets were made on terms of 30 to 45 days. Sales to chain restaurants and hotels were made on terms of 30 to 60 days. The increase in inventories was in part due to the increase in the number of hogs resident in our farms.
 
Net cash provided by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2012 totaled $5,608,121. Cash flow pertaining to operating activities reflected the Company’s net loss from continuing operations for 2012 of ($251,974), offset by depreciation and amortization of $3,263,163, stock-based expense of $1,188,373, and an increase in other payables of $2,287,254. These favorable factors were partially offset by increases in inventories of $573,473, advances to suppliers of $189,025, and prepaid expenses of $366,450.
 
 
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Cash Used in Investing Activities
 
Net cash used in investing activities for 2013 totaled $750,559. This included $573,134 of plant and equipment investments, $127,187 for additions to our breeder stock, and $50,238 to upgrade our feed facility.
 
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2012 totaled $7,331,303. This included additions to construction in progress of $6,977,751 for establishing hog rearing facilities for smaller farmers participating in our black hog program, $1,760,034 for additions to our breeder stock and $213,872 for purchases of new equipment. During the year 2012, we also collected $1,110,512 from An Puluo and proceeds of $509,842 from the disposal of construction in progress.
 
Cash Provided by Financing Activities
 
We finance our working capital requirements with short term bank loans. As a result, our cash from financing activities typically reflects these borrowings and repayments. For the year ended December 31, 2013, net cash provided by financing activities was $3,048,139. The activity was comprised of repayments of short-term loans of $7,228,818, proceeds from short-term loans of $6,299,976, and proceeds of $3,201,600 from issuance of new shares, and proceeds from a decrease in restricted cash of $807,689.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash provided by financing activities was $2,604,420. The activity was comprised of repayments of short-term loans of $4,759,336, proceeds from short-term loans of $7,099,343, and proceeds from XMRJ LLP (“XMRJ”), a limited partner enterprise formed under Chinese law that engages in equity investments in China, of $1,057,636 in exchange for a 40% interest of Tianzhili.
 
Commitments for Capital Expenditures
 
Our capital requirements for the next twelve months relate to purchasing breeder hogs as well as additional investment in our retail segment to expand our marketing and distribution channels. We also expect to incur modest expenses in maintaining our hog farms. We believe that our cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for the next twelve months.
 
Contractual Obligations and Off Balance Sheet Items
 
Contractual Obligations
 
We have certain fixed contractual obligations that include future estimated payments. Changes in our business needs, cancellation provisions, changing interest rates, and other factors may result in actual payments differing from the estimates. We cannot provide certainty regarding the timing and amounts of payments. We have presented below a summary of the most significant assumptions used in our determination of amounts presented in the tables, in order to assist in the review of this information within the context of our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The following tables summarize our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands), and the effect these obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.
 
 
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Payments Due by Period
 
   
Total
   
Less than 1 Year
   
1 – 3 Years
   
3 – 5 Years
   
Over 5 Years
 
Contractual obligations
                             
Bank loans
  $ 6,383     $ 6,383     $ -     $ -     $ -  
Others
    -       -       -       -       -  
    $ 6,383     $ 6,383     $ -     $ -     $ -  
 
Bank loans consisted of short term bank loans. Historically, we have refinanced these bank loans for an additional term of one year and we expect to continue to refinance these loans upon expiration.
 
Off Balance Sheet Items
 
Under SEC regulations, we are required to disclose off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, such as changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors. An off-balance sheet arrangement means a transaction, agreement or contractual arrangement to which any entity that is not consolidated with us is a party, under which we have:
 
·  
any obligation under certain guarantee contracts,
·  
any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to that entity for such assets,
·  
any obligation under a contract that would be accounted for as a derivative instrument, except that it is both indexed to our stock and classified in shareholder equity in our statement of financial position, and
·  
any obligation arising out of a material variable interest held by us in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to us, or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
 
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that we are required to disclose pursuant to these regulations. In the ordinary course of business, we enter into operating lease commitments, purchase commitments and other contractual obligations. These transactions are recognized in our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We continually evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventories, recovery of long-lived assets, income taxes, and the valuation of equity transactions. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Any future changes to these estimates and assumptions could cause a material change to our reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. While our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, we believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating our financial statements and our management’s discussion and analysis.
 
 
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Variable Interest Entities
 
Pursuant to ASC Topic 810 and related subtopics related to the consolidation of variable interest entities, we are required to include in our consolidated financial statements the financial statements of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). The accounting standards require a VIE to be consolidated by a company if that company is subject to a majority of the risk of loss for the VIE or is entitled to receive a majority of the VIE’s residual returns. VIEs are those entities in which we, through contractual arrangements, bear the risk of, and enjoy the rewards normally associated with ownership of the entity, and therefore we are the primary beneficiary of the entity.
 
Wuhan Fengze Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Fengze”) are considered the VIEs of the Company and we are the primary beneficiary. On December 1, 2009, we entered into agreements with Fengze and all of the stockholders of Fengze pursuant to which we shall receive 100% of Fengze’s net income. In accordance with these agreements, Fengze shall pay consulting fees equal to 100% of its net income to our wholly-owned subsidiary, Wuhan Fengxing Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Fengxing”), and Fengxing shall supply the technology and administrative services needed to service Fengze.
 
The accounts of Fengze are consolidated in the accompanying financial statements. As VIEs, Fengze’s sales are included in our total sales, their income from operations is consolidated with ours, and our net income includes all of Fengze’s net income, and their assets and liabilities are included in our consolidated balance sheets. Because of the contractual arrangements, we have pecuniary interest in Fengze that require consolidation of Fengze’s financial statements with our financial statements.
 
Accounts Receivable
 
We have a policy of reserving for uncollectible accounts based on our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We periodically review our accounts receivable to determine whether an allowance is necessary based on an analysis of past due accounts and other factors that may indicate that the realization of an account may be in doubt. Account balances deemed to be uncollectible are charged to the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
 
As a basis for estimating the likelihood of collection has been established, we consider a number of factors when determining reserves for uncollectable accounts. We believe that we use a reasonably reliable methodology to estimate the collectability of our accounts receivable. We review our allowances for doubtful accounts on at least a quarterly basis. We also consider whether the historical economic conditions are comparable to current economic conditions. If the financial condition of our customers or other parties that we have business relations with were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.
 
 
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Inventories
 
Inventories, consisting principally of our hogs held for sale, are stated at the lower of cost, as determined by the weighted-average method, or market. We compare the cost of inventories with the market value, and allowance is made for writing down the inventories to their market value if that is lower. Costs of raised animals include proportionate costs of breeding, including amortization of the breeding herd or biological assets, plus the costs of feed and other maintenance.  The price of hogs could fluctuate upward or downward.  If prices were to decrease below the amounts we use in determining the carrying value of our inventory, any profit we might achieve on the sale of our inventories would be less than anticipated. If inventory costs exceed expected market value due to obsolescence or quantities in excess of expected demand, we will record additional reserves for the difference between the cost and the market value. These reserves are recorded based on estimates. We review inventory quantities on hand and on order and record, on a quarterly basis, a provision for excess and obsolete inventory, if necessary. If the results of the review determine that a write-down is necessary, we recognize a loss in the period in which the loss is identified, whether or not the inventory is retained. Our inventory reserves establish a new cost basis for inventory and are not reversed until we sell or dispose of the related inventory. Such provisions are established based on historical usage, adjusted for known changes in demands for such products, or the estimated forecast of product demand and production requirements.
 
Plant and Equipment
 
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
 
Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:
 
 
  
Useful Life
Buildings
  
20 years
Vehicles
  
5 years
Office equipment
  
5 years
Production equipment
  
5-10 years
 
The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in disposition.
 
We examine the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value
 
 
53

 
 
Construction in Progress
 
Construction in progress consists of amounts expended for building construction of new breeding and animal rearing facilities. Once construction of a building is completed and the facilities are approved for adequate breeding and animal rearing activity, and have commenced of animal rearing activities, the construction in progress assets are categorized as buildings and production equipment and accounted for in plant and equipment, whereupon they are depreciated over their estimated useful lives.
 
Included in construction in progress are new breeding and animal rearing facilities under construction and machinery pending installation and includes the costs of construction, machinery and equipment, and any interest charges arising from borrowings used to finance these assets during the period of construction or installation. No provision for depreciation is made on construction-in-progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and ready for their intended use.
 
Biological Assets
 
Biological assets consist primarily of hogs purchased or selected from the Company’s own production for breeding and farrowing.  The costs to purchase and cultivate breeding hogs and the expenditures related to labor and materials to feed breeding hogs until they become commercially productive and breedable are capitalized. When breeding hogs are entered into breeding and farrowing, amortization of the costs incurred until they became commercially productive commences. The estimated production life for breeding hogs is three years, and the costs are amortized to a residual value, currently $76 (RMB 500). After the breeding hogs have completed their production life of breeding, these breeding hogs are then transferred into inventory as the vast majority of these breeding hogs will then be sold for meat processing. Expenses incurred maintaining breeding hogs during gestation until piglets are weaned are capitalized into inventory and included in Work in process—biological assets, a component of inventories. If these breeding hogs produce piglets which are deemed appropriate for internal breeding purposes, the gestation and raising costs until weaned for these piglets are then allocated into biological assets.
 
Amortized expenses pertaining to biological assets are included in inventory costs for those piglets to be sold and ultimately become a component of cost of goods sold.  Similar to other assets, the failure of our biological assets to be serviceable over the entirety of their anticipated useful lives or to be sold at their anticipated residual value, will negatively impact our operating results.
 
Land Use Rights
 
There is no private ownership of land in the PRC. All land in the PRC is owned by the government and cannot be sold to any individual or company. The government grants a land use right that permits the holder of the land use right to use the land for a specified period. Our land use rights were granted with a term of 50 years. Any transfer of the land use right requires government approval. We have recorded as an intangible asset the costs paid to acquire a land use right. The land use rights are amortized on the straight-line method over the land use right terms.
 
 
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Non-controlling Interest
 
Non-controlling interests in our subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchase or sale of equity interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations and, upon loss of control, the interest sold, as well as interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
We generates revenue principally from the business of breeding, raising, and selling hogs for use in meat production and breeding, and, to a small degree, as processed pork. Revenues generated from the sales of breeding and meat hogs and processed pork are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the purchase price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Cash payment, is usually received by the Company at the time the hogs are sold.  Sold hogs and processed pork are not returnable and accordingly, no provision has been made for returnable goods.
  
Currency Exchange Rates
 
Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, and the functional currency of our operating subsidiaries and VIE is the RMB. All of our sales are denominated in RMB. As a result, changes in the relative values of U.S. dollars and RMB affect our reported levels of revenues and profitability as the results of our operations are translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. In particular, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could have a significant impact on our financial stability due to a mismatch among various foreign currency-denominated sales and costs. Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and RMB affect our gross and net profit margins and could result in foreign exchange and operating losses.
 
Our exposure to foreign exchange risk primarily relates to currency gains or losses resulting from timing differences between signing of sales contracts and settling of these contracts. Furthermore, we translate monetary assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies into RMB, the functional currency of our operating subsidiaries. Our results of operations and cash flow are translated at average exchange rates during the period, and assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in our statement of shareholders’ equity. We have not used any forward contracts, currency options or borrowings to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. We cannot predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our results of operations and may incur net foreign currency losses in the future.
 
 
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Our financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars, which is the functional currency of our parent company. The functional currency of our operating subsidiaries and affiliates is RMB. To the extent we hold assets denominated in U.S. dollars, any appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar could result in a charge in our statement of operations and a reduction in the value of our U.S. dollar denominated assets. On the other hand, a decline in the value of RMB against the U.S. dollar could reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent amounts of our financial results.
 
Stock Based Compensation
 
Stock based compensation is accounted for based on the requirements of the Share-Based Payment topic of ASC 718 which requires recognition in the financial statements of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments over the period the employee or director is required to perform the services in exchange for the award. The Accounting Standards Codification also requires measurement of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award based on the grant-date fair value of the award.
 
Pursuant to ASC Topic 505-50, for share-based payments to consultants and other third-parties, compensation expense is determined at the “measurement date.” The expense is recognized over the period of services or the vesting period, whichever is applicable. Until the measurement date is reached, the total amount of compensation expense remains uncertain. We record compensation expense based on the fair value of the award at the reporting date. The awards to consultants and other third-parties are then revalued, or the total compensation is recalculated based on the then current fair value, at each subsequent reporting date.
 
Item 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
 
This item does not apply to smaller reporting companies.
 
Item 8. Financial Statements
 
The consolidated financial statements of Tianli Agritech, Inc. are presented following Item 15.
 
I tem 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
By letter dated October 23, 2013, the Company dismissed RBSM LLP as independent registered public accounting firm for the Company. The dismissal of RBSM LLP was approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.
 
RBSM LLP issued an audit report on the consolidated financial statements of the Company as at and for the year ended December 31, 2012, which did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and was not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.  In connection with the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the Company as at and for the year ended December 31, 2012 and through date of dismissal, (i) there were no disagreements between the Company and RBSM LLP on any matters of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of RBSM LLP, would have caused RBSM LLP to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in its report on the Company's financial statements for such year or during the interim period through the date of this Report, and (ii) there were no reportable events within the meaning set forth in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.
 
 
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Prior to filing a Form 8-K reporting such dismissal, the Company provided RBSM LLP with a copy of the disclosures in the Form 8-K and RBSM LLP furnished the Company with a letter addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission stating that it agreed with the Company's statements in the Form 8-K. A copy of the letter furnished by RBSM LLP was filed as an exhibit to that Form 8-K.
 
On October 25, 2013, the Company signed a letter to engage HHC as its registered independent public accountants for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2013. The decision to engage HHC was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company.
 
During the Company's two most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and through the date of engagement, the Company did not consult with HHC on (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that may be rendered on the Company's financial statements, and HHC did not provide either a written report or oral advice to the Company that HHC concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issue; or (ii) the subject of any disagreement, as defined in Item 304 (a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions, or a reportable event within the meaning set forth in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.
 
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information that would be required to be disclosed in Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including to the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including Hanying Li, our Chief Executive Officer, and Jun Wang, our Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2013 and have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that material information relating to our company is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported in a timely manner.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that management document and test the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and include in this Annual Report on Form 10-K a report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
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Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of Hanying Li, our Chief Executive Officer, and Jun Wang, our Chief Financial Officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and includes those policies and procedures that:
 
(1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
 
(2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with the authorization of our management and directors; and
 
(3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. In making this assessment, management used the framework set forth in the report entitled Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO. The COSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) control activities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Based on that evaluation, Hanying Li, our Chief Executive Officer, and Jun Wang, our Chief Financial Officer, concluded that as of December 31, 2013, and as of the date that the evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures was completed, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to satisfy the objectives for which they were intended.
 
Auditor Attestation
 
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
 
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.
 
During the last quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation performed during the fiscal year covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
Item 9B. Other Information.
 
Not applicable.
 
 
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Part III
 
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.
 
Our executive officers and directors are:
 
Name
 
Age
 
Position
 
Since
Hanying Li (6)
  
63
  
Chair of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director
  
2005
Jun Wang
 
33
  
Chief Financial Officer and Director
 
2013
Peter E. Gadkowski (1)(3)(6)
  
64
  
Director
  
2010
Benyan Li(1)(2)(3)(4)
  
63
  
Director
  
2010
Wei Gong (4)
 
60
  
Director
 
2013
Zihui Mo (1)(2)(5)
  
54
  
Director
  
2012
Dr. Huanchun Chen (1)(2)(3)(6)
  
60
  
Director
  
2010
Jianguo Hu (5)
 
51
 
Director
 
2010
 
   
(1)
Member of audit committee.
(2)
Member of compensation committee.
(3)
Member of nominating committee.
(4)
Class I director whose term expires in 2014.
(5)
Class II director whose term expires in 2015.
(6)
Class III director whose term expires in 2016.
 
Ms. Hanying Li. Ms. Li has served as our Chair since January 2010. Ms. Li founded Fengze in 2005. From 1979 through 2004, Ms. Li was deputy director of the Wuhan City Prosecutor’s Office. Ms. Li received her bachelor degree in law from Hubei Finance & Economic University. Ms. Li was nominated as a director for her experience operating hog farms and leadership of our company before it went public.
 
Mr. Jun Wang. Mr. Wang has been or Chief Financial Officer since July 10, 2013. Since April 2012, Mr. Wang has been manager of the Finance Department of Fengze Agricultural Science & Technology Co., Ltd., our variable interest entity.  From July 2008 to April 2012, Mr. Wang was employed by Hubei Huitong Industry & Trade Group Co., Ltd. as the Accounting Supervisor. From 2006 to June 2008, he was employed by Yiyang Zhongtian Petroleum Transport Co., Ltd as the manager of the Finance Department.  From 2005 to March 2006, he was employed by Medtec Group in the accounting unit. Mr. Wang graduated from Wuhan University of Technology with the specialty of Accounting in 2006. In 2005, he received the Accounting Qualification Certificate. In 2006, he received the Intermediate Accountant Certificate and the Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting.
 
 
59

 
 
Mr. Benyan Li. Mr. Li has served as an independent Director since January 2010. Mr. Li was the head Congressman of Qiaokou District People’s Congress between 2006 and 2009, chief prosecutor of Qiaokou District between 2001 and 2006, and chief prosecutor of Huangpi District between 1999 and 2001. Mr. Li received his diploma from the College of Central South Politics and Law. Mr. Li was nominated as a director because of his familiarity with applicable laws and agencies in Wuhan.
 
Mr. Zihui Mo. Mr. Mo has been a director of the Company since October 13, 2012.   Since January 1, 2009, Mr. Mo has been CFO and COO of Watches of Switzerland, a private manufacturer of watches in Hong Kong and the United States owned by members of his family. He held the same positions from February 2004 through 2006. From January 1, 2007 through 2009, he was a marketing manager with A Field Consulting Ltd., a company that provides consulting services for small and middle sized companies seeking to go public. From November 1994 through January 2004, he was Vice General Manager of China Shipping and Vice General Manager of Rich Shipping Co., Ltd. From September 1993 through November 1994, he was Marketing Manager of Barako Shipping Co., Ltd. From February 1991 through August 1993, he was Marketing Supervisor of UDS Distribution Services Co., Ltd., Jardine Group. From October 1989 through February 1991, he was Marketing Manager of Toyota of Durata, California. Mr. Mo received a Degree in Education from Ricks College (Idaho) in 1985 and a Degree in Market Management and Academician in Accounting from Brigham Young University in 1988. Mr. Mo was nominated as a director for his experience in marketing and accounting.
 
Mr. Wei Gong. Mr. Gong has been a director of the Company since October 17, 2013. Since June 1987, Mr. Gong has been a director of the Wuhan East Lake Hi-tech Innovation Centre, a business incubator. From June 1985 to June 1987, Mr. Gong was part of the business management cadre of the Hanyang Iron and Steel Factory, a subsidiary of Wuhan Iron & Steel Group Corporation. From February 1982 to June 1985, Mr. Gong attended the China Central Radio & TV University to study Chinese Language and Literature. From November 1971 to February 1982, Mr. Gong has been employed by Hanyang Iron & Steel Company as Team leader and as Chairman of the Labor Union.  Mr. Gong graduated from Hubei University. He is a member of the 12th Municipal CPPCC (people's political consultative conference of Wuhan City). Mr. Gong was appointed to serve as a director for his business experience.
 
Peter E. Gadkowski. Mr. Gadkowski has been a director of the Company since December, 2010. He has been an attorney in private practice in Colorado Springs, Colorado since February 2000 and from September 1992 to December 1994. He also has experience in the pork industry. He founded, managed and served as CEO and a director of WPP Holding Corp., a hog farm in Yuma, Colorado, from March 1995 through August 1999, which was sold to Smithfield Foods, Inc. He also served as General Counsel and CFO of Premium Standards Farms, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri, from July 1990 to August 1992, which was sold to Continental Grain and then subsequently to Smithfield Foods, Inc. Mr. Gadkowski graduated magna cum laude from the California Western School of Law, and received an MBA in Finance and a BS in Business and Economics from Lehigh University.
 
Dr. Huanchun Chen. Dr. Chen has been a director of the Company since December 6, 2010.  Dr. Chen is a professor at the Chinese Academy of Engineering and an expert in infectious diseases of domesticated animals. He graduated with a degree in Veterinarian Medicine from the University of Munich, Germany. Since 2000, Dr. Chen has served as a Vice President and Professor in the Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Science at Huazhong University of Agriculture. Dr. Chen’s major achievements include confirming the outbreak of Hog Pseudorabies in China, separating and identifying the Hog Pseudorabies Virus, developing various diagnostic methods, systematically illustrating five forms of clinical manifestation of Hog Pseudorabies of China, and coming up a plan to eliminate the Hog Pseudorabies. In 2001, he won the 2nd Prize of National Advance of Science and Technology. By developing all kinds of new-type inactivated vaccine and attenuated vaccine and diagnosis reagent kit, he has won 3 kinds of identified achievement and 14 kinds of expert acceptance achievement.
 
 
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Mr. Jianguo Hu. Mr. Hu has been a director of the Company since December 6, 2010 and Vice General Manager and Technical Director of the Company since 2008. He leads the Company’s research and directs its breeding production. From January 2005 to January 2008, Mr. Hu was previously the Executive Director of Hubei Provincial Association for Hog Raising. From January 2003 to December 2004, Mr. Hu served as a Director of the Wuhan Nanhu Modern Pig Raising Technology Research Center, which conducts research and promotion of modern hog raising techniques.
 
Board of Directors and Board Committees
 
Our board of directors currently consists of seven directors. There are no family relationships between any of our executive officers and directors. A director is not required to hold shares in our Company. There are currently no arrangements or understandings pursuant to which our directors are selected or nominated.
 
The directors are divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as the then total number of directors permits. Class I directors shall face re-election at our annual general meeting of shareholders in 2014 and every three years thereafter. Class II directors will face re-election at our annual general meeting of shareholders in 2015 and every three years thereafter. Class III directors shall face re-election at our annual general meeting of shareholders in 2016 and every three years thereafter.
 
If the number of directors changes, any increase or decrease will be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly as possible. Any additional directors of a class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in such class will hold office for a term that coincides with the remaining term of that class. Decreases in the number of directors will not shorten the term of any incumbent director. These board provisions could make it more difficult for third parties to gain control of our company by making it difficult to replace members of the Board of Directors.
 
A director may vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is interested, provided, however that the nature of the interest of any director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote on that matter. A general notice or disclosure to the directors or otherwise contained in the minutes of a meeting or a written resolution of the directors or any committee thereof of the nature of a director’s interest shall be sufficient disclosure and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction. A director may be counted for a quorum upon a motion in respect of any contract or arrangement which he shall make with our company, or in which he is so interested and may vote on such motion.
 
 
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The Board of Directors maintains a majority of directors who are deemed to be independent under the definition of independence provided by NASDAQ Listing Rule 5605(a)(15). Peter E. Gadkowski, Benyan Li, Zihui Mo, and Dr. Huanchun Chen are our independent directors.
 
Ms. Hanying Li currently holds both the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairwoman of the Board. These two positions have not been consolidated into one position; Ms. Li simply holds both positions at this time. We do not have a lead independent director because we believe our independent directors are encouraged to freely voice their opinions on a relatively small company board. We believe this leadership structure is appropriate because we are a smaller reporting company and deem it appropriate to be able to benefit from the guidance of Ms. Li as both our principal executive officer and Chairwoman of the Board.
 
Our Board of Directors plays a key role in our risk oversight. As such, it is important for us to have both our Chief Executive Officer serve on the Board as they play key roles in the risk oversight or the Company. As a smaller reporting company with a small board of directors, we believe it is appropriate to have the involvement and input of all of our directors in risk oversight matters.
 
Board Committees
 
The Board has established three committees: the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating committee. The audit committee is responsible for overseeing the accounting and financial reporting processes of our company and audits of the financial statements of our company, including the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of our independent auditors. The compensation committee of the Board of Directors reviews and makes recommendations to the Board regarding our compensation policies for our officers, and also administers our incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans (but our board retains the authority to interpret those plans). The nominating committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for the assessment of the performance of the board, considering and making recommendations to the board with respect to the nominations for election of directors and other governance issues. The nominating committee considers diversity of opinion and experience when nominating directors.
 
The nominating committee identifies and evaluates nominees for our Board of Directors, including nominees recommended by stockholders, based on numerous factors it considers appropriate. The nominating committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board of Directors of nominees to stand for election as directors. The nominating committee currently consists of Peter Gadkowski, Benyan Li and Dr. Huanchun Chen, with Mr. Gadkowski serving as Chairman.  The members of the Nominating Committee are independent, as that term is defined by NASDAQ.
 
The Board of Directors periodically reviews the diversity of specific skills and characteristics necessary as a member of our Board. The nominating committee will assess the skill areas currently represented on the Board against the target skill areas, as well as recommendations of directors regarding skills that could improve the overall quality and ability of the Board to carry out its function.
 
 
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The nominating committee will consider persons recommended by stockholders for inclusion as nominees for election to our Board of Directors if the names, biographical data, and qualifications of such persons are submitted and delivered in writing in a timely manner.   The criteria that the committee and the full board will use to assess the qualifications of candidates for election to the board will include matters such as experience in the hog or agricultural industry, financial or technical expertise, strength of character, quality of judgment, concern for the interests of the Company’s shareholders, and how these skills might be best utilized by the Company. The committee also will consider the extent to which the nominee would fill a present need on our Board of Directors.
 
Interested Transactions
 
A director may vote, attend a board meeting or sign a document on our behalf with respect to any contract or transaction in which he or she is interested. A director must promptly disclose the interest to all other directors after becoming aware of the fact that he or she is interested in a transaction we have entered into or are to enter into. A general notice or disclosure to the Board or otherwise contained in the minutes of a meeting or a written resolution of the Board or any committee of the Board that a director is a shareholder, director, officer or trustee of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interested in any transaction with such firm or company will be sufficient disclosure, and, after such general notice, it will not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction.
 
Director Compensation
 
The directors may receive such remuneration as our Board of Directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid all traveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our Board of Directors or committees of our Board of Directors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist the directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for our directors.
 
All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders at which their respective class of directors is re-elected and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Employee directors do not receive any compensation for their services as directors. Non-employee directors are entitled to receive compensation per year for serving as directors and may receive option grants from our company. In addition, non-employee directors are entitled to be reimbursed for their actual travel expenses for each Board of Directors meeting attended.
 
 
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The following table sets forth certain information regarding the compensation paid to our directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Name (a)
Annual Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) (b)
Stock Awards ($) (c)
Option Awards ($) (d)
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) (e)
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (f)
All Other Compensation ($) (g)
Total ($) (h)
Zihui Mo
12,923
-
-
-
-
-
12,923
Wei Gong(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Benyan Li
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Peter E. Gadkowski
36,000
-
-
-
-
-
36,000
Dr. Huanchun Chen
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Jianguo Hu
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Yang Chen (2) - - - - - - -
_____
(1)  
Wei Gong was elected a director on October 17, 2013.
(2)  
Yang Chen resigned as a director on November 6, 2013.

Limitation of Director and Officer Liability
 
Under British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances.
 
Our memorandum and articles of association provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by British Virgin Islands law or any other applicable laws, our directors will not be personally liable to us or our shareholders for any acts or omissions in the performance of their duties. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.
 
British Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.
 
Under our memorandum and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors (or anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity), officers and liquidators against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigative proceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled to indemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings, they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.
 
 
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The decision of our Board of Directors as to whether an individual eligible for indemnification acted honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the individual had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful is, in the absence of fraud, sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement, conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that an individual did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interests or that the individual had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. If an individual eligible for indemnification has been successful in defense of any proceedings referred to above, that individual is entitled to be indemnified against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceedings.
 
We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers and incurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liability as provided in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors, officers or persons controlling our company under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
 
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
 
Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file various reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission concerning their holdings of, and transactions in, our securities. Copies of these filings must be furnished to us.
 
Based on a review of the copies of such forms furnished to us and representations from our executive officers and directors, although all our officers, directors and greater than 10% stockholders filed all reports required to be filed during 2013 in accordance with the filing requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, except that the Form 3 of Mr. Wei Gong was filed 19 days late.
 
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
 
Our code of business conduct and ethics provides that our directors and officers are expected to avoid any action, position or interest that conflicts with the interests of our company or gives the appearance of a conflict. Directors and officers have an obligation under our code of business conduct and ethics to advance our company’s interests when the opportunity to do so arises.
 
 
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Item 11. Executive Compensation.
 
The following table sets forth information with respect to the amounts awarded to, earned by, or paid to, Hanying Li, our principal executive officer, during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 for services provided in all capacities to us and our subsidiaries. No other executive officer (or former executive officer) received more than $100,000 in compensation for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
Summary Compensation Table
 
Name &
Position
Year
Salary
Bonus
Stock   Awards
Option   Awards
Non-Equity   Incentive Plan   Compensation
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)
All Other Compensation
Total
                   
Hanying Li
2013
$50,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
$50,000
CEO and Chairwoman
2012
$50,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
$50,000

Employment Agreements
 
Hanying Li
 
We entered into an employment agreement with our president and chief executive officer, Ms. Hanying Li effective December 1, 2009 which is scheduled to expire on November 30, 2012. Ms. Li’s employment agreement is subject to automatic renewal through November 30, 2014 unless terminated prior to renewal. Under the terms of her employment agreement, Ms. Li is entitled to:
 
·  
Base compensation of $50,000, payable in 12 equal monthly installments of $4,167.
·  
Year-end bonus of $96,000, payable in the event our annual audited profits increase by at least 150% of the previous year’s audited profits.
·  
Reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred by Ms. Li.
 
 
66

 
 
Ms. Li has agreed during that the term of her employment agreement and for 36 months afterwards to:
 
·  
keep confidential and not disclose the our confidential information;
·  
take and implement all appropriate measures to protect the confidentiality of our confidential information;
·  
not disclose, transmit, exploit or otherwise use for her or his own account or for others, elements of our confidential information;
 
Ms. Li has agreed not to compete with our company directly or indirectly while employed by us and for a period of 24 months afterwards.
 
The employment agreement of Ms. Li may be terminated at any time by either party upon presentation of 60 days’ prior notice.
 
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
 
The following table sets forth, as of March 10, 2014, the number of our common shares beneficially owned by (i) each person or entity known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding common shares, (ii) each of our directors and each of our executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table in Item 11, and (iii) all of our officers and directors as a group. Information relating to the beneficial ownership of our common shares by principal stockholders and management is based upon information furnished by each person using "beneficial ownership" concepts under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Under these rules, a person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of a security if that person has or shares voting power, which includes the power to sell or direct the sale of the security, or investment power, which includes the power to vote or direct the voting of the security. The person is also deemed to be a beneficial owner of any security of which that person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days. Under the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules, more than one person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the same securities, and a person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities as to which he or she may not have any pecuniary beneficial interest. Each beneficial owner's percentage ownership is determined by assuming that options or warrants that are held by such person (but not those held by any other person) and which are exercisable within 60 days after March 10, 2014 have been exercised. Except as noted below, or as required by applicable community property laws, each person has sole voting and investment power for all common shares shown as beneficially owned by them. As of March 10, 2014, we had outstanding 13,964,000 common shares. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes, the address for each officer and director listed below is in the care of Tianli Agritech, Inc., Suite K, 12th Floor, Building A, Jiangjing Mansion, 228 Yanjiang Ave., Jiangan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China 430010.
 
 
67

 
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership
 
Percent of Common Shares
Hanying Li, Principal Executive Officer and Director
3,050,000 (1)
 
21.84%
Zihui Mo, Director
-
 
-
Wei Gong, Director
2,760,000
 
19.77%
Benyan Li, Director
-
 
-
Peter E. Gadkowski , Director
26,000 (2)
 
*
Dr. Huanchun Chen, Director
-
 
-
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (8 people)
5,836,000
 
41.79%
5% Shareholders Not Mentioned Above
     
Hua Zhang
3,050,000 (3)
 
21.84%
 
   
*
Less than 1%.
(1)
Includes 450,000 shares owned by Ms. Li’s spouse, Hua Zhang.
(2)
Represents shares which Mr. Gadkowski may acquire upon exercise of options.
(3)
Includes 2,600,000 shares owned by Mr. Zhang’s spouse, Hanying Li.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
 
Payables to Related Party
 
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, Fengze had aggregate payables to Ms. Li of approximately $139,430 and $125,842. Such amount was due to Ms. Li for advances to Fengze for its business expenses related to the operations of our hog farms. These amounts were due upon demand and without interest.
 
Bank Loan Collateral Provided by Related Party
 
Wuhan Eastlake Hi-Tech Innovation Center whose actual controller is Mr. Wei Gong, a shareholder of the Company, provided its owned real assets as collateral for the Company’s short-term bank loan of $1,472,899 with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
 
Contractual Arrangements with Domestic Companies and their Shareholders
 
We operate our business in China through a series of contractual arrangements with Fengze and its shareholders, who are related parties. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 1—Business- Our Corporate.
 
 
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Related Party Transactions
 
We recognize that transactions between us and any of our directors or executives with a related party can present potential or actual conflicts of interest and create the appearance that our decisions are based on considerations other than the best interests of our Company and stockholders. Therefore in accordance with our Code of Ethics, it is our preference to avoid such transactions. All potential related party transactions involving the Company and/or its employees are to be presented in advance to the Company's Audit Committee to be reviewed for a potential conflict of interest. Such transactions must be approved by the Audit Committee before they can commence.
 
Director Independence
 
The Board of Directors maintains a majority of directors who are deemed to be independent under the definition of independence provided by NASDAQ Listing Rule 5605(a)(15). Peter E. Gadkowski, Benyan Li, Zihui Mo, and Dr. Huanchun Chen are our independent directors.
 
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
 
The following is a summary of the fees billed to us by HHC and RBSM LLP for professional services rendered for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:
 
   
Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Audit Fees
  $ 100,000     $ 132,000  
Audit Related Fees
    -       -  
Tax Fees
    -       -  
All Other Fees
    -       -  
    $ 100,000     $ 132,000  
 
Audit Fees. Consists of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our consolidated financial statements and review of interim consolidated financial statements included in quarterly reports and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
 
Audit Related Fees. Consists of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidated financial statements and are not reported under "Audit Fees".
 
Tax Fees. Consists of fees billed for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. These services include preparation of federal and state income tax returns.
 
All Other Fees. Consists of fees for product and services other than the services reported above.
 
Board of Directors' Pre-Approval Policies
 
Our Board of Directors' policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by the independent auditors. These services may include audit services, audit related services, tax services, and other services. Pre-approval is generally provided for up to one year, and any pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or category of services and is generally subject to a specific budget. The independent auditors and management are required to periodically report to the Board of Directors regarding the extent of services provided by the independent auditors in accordance with this pre-approval and the fees for the services performed to date. The Board of Directors may also pre-approve particular services on a case-by-case basis.
 
 
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Our Board of Directors has reviewed and discussed with HHC, our audited financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2013 fiscal year. The Board of Directors also has discussed with HHC, the matters required to be discussed pursuant to SAS No. 61 (Codification of Statements on Auditing Standards, AU Section 380), which includes, among other items, matters related to the conduct of the audit of our financial statements.
 
Our Board of Directors has received and reviewed the written disclosures and the letter from HHC required by Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1 (Independence Discussions with Audit Committees), and has discussed with HHC its independence from our company.
 
Our Board of Directors has considered whether the provision of services other than audit services is compatible with maintaining auditor independence. Based on the review and discussions referred to above, the Board of Directors determined that the audited financial statements be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our 2013 fiscal year for filing with the SEC.
 
 
70

 
 
Part IV
 
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
 
3(i).1
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Registrant (1)
3(ii).1
 
Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association of the Registrant (1)
4.1
 
Specimen Share Certificate (2)
4.2
 
Form of Placement Agent Warrant (included in Exhibit. 10.1) (1)
10.1
 
Form of Placement Agent Warrant Agreement (1)
10.2
 
English Translation of Entrusted Management Agreement for Fengze (1)
10.3
 
English Translation of Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement for Fengze (1)
10.4
 
English Translation of Pledge of Equity Interest Agreement for Fengze (1)
10.5
 
English Translation of Exclusive Option Agreement for Fengze (1)
10.6
 
Tianli Agritech, Inc. 2012 Share Incentive Plan (3)
10.7
 
English Translation of Employment Agreement between Registrant and Ms. Hanying Li, Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant (1)
10.8
10.9
 
Subscription Agreement with Wei Gong dated September 28, 2013 (9)
English Translation of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Mr. Jun Wang.
10.10
 
English Translation of Land Lease Contract – Zhulin (1)
10.11
 
English Translation of Land Lease Contract – Fengze (1)
10.12
 
English Translation of Land Lease Contract – Jinmu (1)
10.13
 
English Translation of Side Agreement Related to Land Lease Contract – Jinmu (1)
10.14
 
English English Translation of Land Lease Contract – Tianjian (1)
10.15
 
English Translation of Side Agreement Related to Land Lease Contract – Tianjin (1)
10.16
 
English Translation of Land Lease Contract – Nanyan (1)
10.17
 
English Translation of Side Agreement Related to Land Lease Contract – Nanyan (1)
10.18
 
English Translation of Land Lease Contract – Mingxiang (1)
10.19
 
English Translation of Side Agreement Related to Land Lease Contract – Mingxiang (1)
10.20
 
English Translation of Land Lease Contract – Huajian A & B (1)
10.21
 
English Translation of Side Agreement Related to Land Lease Contract – Huajian A & B (1)
10.22
 
English Translation of Feed Sale Agreements (1)
10.23
 
English Translation of Land Use Rights Transfer Agreement – Qingsonggang (1)
10.24
 
Summary of Terms of Demand Note with Hanying Li (5)
10.25
 
English translation of Marketing Consulting Agreement for Enshi Black Hogs (North China Area) dated June 28, 2012 (7)
10.26
 
English translation of Agreement of Contract Termination dated June 15, 2012 (8)
10.27
14.1
 
Subscription Agreement with Wei Gong dated September 28, 2013 (9)
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (1)
16.1
 
Letter of RBSM LLP to the Commission (10)
21.1
 
Subsidiaries and Affiliate of the Registrant (1)
31.1
 
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act
31.2
 
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act
32.1
 
Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2
 
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*
  XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*
  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*
  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.DEF*
  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.LAB*
  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label
101.PRE*
  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
 
 
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___                                                                      
* In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL information in Exhibit 101 to this quarterly report on Form 10-Q shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
___________
(1)
Incorporated by reference to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-   165522) filed on March 17, 2010 (the “Registration Statement’), and declared effective as amended, on June 30, 2010.
(2)
Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement filed on June 30, 2010.
(3)
Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.26 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on June 4, 2012.
(4)
Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 10, 2012.
(5)
Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement filed on June 1, 2010.
(6)
Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2012.
(7)
Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 10, 2012.
(8)
Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 11, 2012.
(9)
Incorporated by reference to exhibit 16.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 24, 2013.
(10)
Incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 30, 2013.
 
 
72

 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC.
     
     
Dated: March 13, 2014
By:
/s/ Hanying Li
   
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
     
 
By:
/s/ Jun Wang 
   
Jun Wang
   
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 13, 2014.
 
Signature
 
Title
     
/s/ Hanying Li
 
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive
Hanying Li
 
Officer) and Chair of the Board
     
/ s/ Jun Wang
 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting
Jun Wang
 
Officer)
     
/s/ Zihui Mo
 
Director
Zihui Mo
   
     
/s/ Benyan Li
 
Director
Benyan Li
   
     
/s/ Wei Gong
 
Director
Wei Gong
   
     
/s/ Peter E. Gadkowski
 
Director
Peter E. Gadkowski
   
     
/s/ Dr. Huanchun Chen
 
Director
Dr. Huanchun Chen
   
     
/s/ Jianguo Hu
 
Director
Jianguo Hu
   
 
 
73

 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Board of Directors and
Shareholders of Tianli Agritech Inc. and Subsidiaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Tianli Agritech Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2013. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2013 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 
/s/ HHC
Forest Hills, New York
March 13, 2014
 
 
 

 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 

 
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Tianli Agritech, Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Tianli Agritech, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2012. The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 
 
/s/RBSM LLP
 
New York, New York
March 14, 2013
 
 
 

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
ASSETS
           
Current Assets:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 10,087,694     $ 7,477,205  
Accounts receivable, net
    256,607       158,047  
Inventories
    11,484,786       10,232,893  
Advances to suppliers
    1,612,492       189,094  
Prepaid expenses
    204,106       237,247  
Restricted cash
    -       793,512  
Other receivables, net
    1,181,078       208,325  
 Total Current Assets
    24,826,763       19,296,323  
                 
Long-term prepaid expenses
    1,606,188       1,681,488  
Plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $6,960,163 and
               
$4,979,716 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively
    23,185,732       24,400,573  
Construction in progress
    50,897       1,655,901  
Biological assets, net of accumulated amortization of $3,843,502 and
               
$2,422,048 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively
    3,276,840       4,357,846  
Intangible assets, net
    1,480,631       1,485,773  
                 
Total Assets
  $ 54,427,051     $ 52,877,904  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
               
                 
Current Liabilities:
               
Short-term loans
  $ 6,382,561     $ 7,101,935  
Accounts payable and accrued payables
    48,896       190,811  
Other payables
    3,309,246       2,893,332  
Due to related party
    139,430       125,842  
Total Current Liabilities
    9,880,133       10,311,920  
                 
Stockholders' Equity:
               
Common stock ($0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized,
               
13,964,000 and 11,194,000 shares issued and outstanding as of
               
December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively)
    13,964       11,194  
Additional paid in capital
    18,094,200       14,888,470  
Statutory surplus reserves
    2,416,647       2,416,647  
Retained earnings
    19,538,507       21,582,277  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    4,046,055       2,609,374  
Stockholders' Equity - Tianli Agritech Inc. and Subsidiaries
    44,109,373       41,507,962  
Noncontrolling interest
    437,545       1,058,022  
Total Stockholders' Equity
    44,546,918       42,565,984  
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
  $ 54,427,051     $ 52,877,904  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
 
 
F-1

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
   
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
             
Sales
  $ 33,350,942     $ 26,529,423  
Cost of goods sold
    30,330,010       23,073,991  
Gross profit
    3,020,932       3,455,432  
                 
Operating expenses:
               
General and administrative expenses
    3,236,401       2,239,737  
Selling expenses
    563,415       1,181,441  
Total operating expenses
    3,799,816       3,421,178  
                 
Income (loss) from operations
    (778,884 )     34,254  
                 
Other income (expense):
               
Interest expense
    (338,688 )     (461,299 )
Subsidy income
    107,584       218,605  
Impairment loss from Farm 8 shutdown
    (1,490,034 )     -  
Impairment loss from construction in progress
    (38,769 )     -  
Other expense
    (145,672 )     (43,534 )
Total other expenses
    (1,905,579 )     (286,228 )
                 
Loss before income taxes
    (2,684,463 )     (251,974 )
                 
Income taxes
    -       -  
Net loss from continuing operations
    (2,684,463 )     (251,974 )
                 
Discontinued operations:
               
Gain from operations of discontinued component, net of taxes
    -       39,179  
                 
Net loss
    (2,684,463 )     (212,795 )
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
    640,693       -  
Net loss attributable to Tianli Agritech Inc. common stockholders
    (2,043,770 )     (212,795 )
                 
Other comprehensive income:
               
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment
    1,436,681       313,452  
                 
Comprehensive income
  $ (1,247,782 )   $ 100,657  
                 
Losses per share attributable to Tianli Argitech Inc. common stockholders - basic and diluted:
               
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted
    11,657,750       10,605,625  
                 
Continuing operations - Basic & diluted
  $ (0.18 )   $ (0.02 )
Discontinued operations -Basic & diluted
  $ -     $ -  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
 
 
F-2

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
   
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
             
 CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
           
 Net loss
  $ (2,684,463 )   $ (251,974 )
 Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
               
 provided by operating activities:
               
 Depreciation and amortization
    3,630,414       2,969,098  
 Amortization of prepaid expenses
    437,445       406,357  
 Bad debt expense
    14,198       -  
 Stock-based compensation
    6,900       1,188,373  
 Loss from inventory LCM
    84,800       -  
 Impairment loss from Farm 8 shutdown
    1,490,034       -  
 Impairment loss from construction in progress
    38,769       -  
 Loss on disposal of construction in progress
    -       49,338  
 Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
 Accounts receivable
    (102,462 )     (30,095 )
 Inventories
    (1,005,268 )     (573,473 )
 Advances to suppliers
    (1,399,156 )     (189,025 )
 Prepaid expenses
    (271,300 )     (366,450 )
 Other receivables
    (957,900 )     (52,219 )
 Accounts payable and accrued payables
    (145,910 )     16,802  
 Other payables
    750,889       2,287,254  
 Total adjustments
    2,571,453       5,705,960  
 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations
    (113,010 )     5,453,986  
 Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations
    -       154,135  
 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    (113,010 )     5,608,121  
                 
 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
               
 Cash collected from loan to An Puluo
    -       1,110,512  
 Investment in construction in progress
    (50,238 )     (6,977,751 )
 Proceeds from disposal of construction in progress
    -       509,842  
 Purchase of biological assets
    (127,187 )     (1,760,034 )
 Purchase of plant and equipment
    (573,134 )     (213,872 )
 Net cash used in investing activities
    (750,559 )     (7,331,303 )
                 
 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
               
 Restricted cash
    807,689       (793,223 )
 Due to related party
    (32,308 )     -  
 Proceeds from the noncontrolling shareholder's capital investment
    3,201,600       1,057,636  
 Repayment of short-term loans
    (7,228,818 )     (4,759,336 )
 Proceeds from short-term loans
    6,299,976       7,099,343  
 Net cash provided by financing activities
    3,048,139       2,604,420  
                 
 EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH
    425,919       88,225  
                 
 NET INCREASE IN CASH
    2,610,489       969,463  
                 
 CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR
    7,477,205       6,507,742  
                 
 CASH, END OF YEAR
  $ 10,087,694     $ 7,477,205  
                 
 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
               
 Cash paid during the period for:
               
 Interest paid
  $ 385,883     $ 484,260  
 Income tax paid
  $ -     $ -  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
 
 
F-3

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF THE STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
   
Common Stock
   
Additional
   
Statutory Surplus
   
Retained
   
Accumulated Other
   
Noncontrolling
       
   
Shares
   
Amoount
   
Paid-in Capital
   
Reserves
   
Earnings
   
Comprehensive Income
   
Interest
   
Total
 
Balance, December 31, 2011
    10,135,000     $ 10,135      $ 13,520,276     $ 2,416,647     $ 21,795,072     $ 2,295,922     $ -       40,038,052  
                                                                 
Stock-based compensation to consultants
    960,000       960       1,083,840       -       -       -       -       1,084,800  
Stock-based compensation to employees
    40,000       40       45,160       -       -       -       -       45,200  
2011 stock-based compensation to an investor relationship consulting firm
    34,000       34       180,846       -       -       -       -       180,880  
2012 stock-based compensation to an investor relationship consulting firm
    25,000       25       36,975       -       -       -       -       37,000  
Options granted to director
    -       -       21,373       -       -       -       -       21,373  
Capital investment from noncontrolling interest shareholders in one of Chinese subsidiaries
    -       -       -       -       -       -       1,058,022       1,058,022  
Comprehensive income:
                                                               
Net loss
    -       -       -       -       (212,795 )     -       -       (212,795 )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment
    -       -       -       -       -       313,452       -       313,452  
                                                                 
Balance, December 31, 2012
    11,194,000       11,194       14,888,470       2,416,647       21,582,277       2,609,374       1,058,022       42,565,984  
                                                                 
Capital contribution from new share issuance
    2,760,000       2,760       3,198,840       -       -       -       -       3,201,600  
2013 stock-based compensation to an investor relationship consulting firm
    10,000       10       6,890       -       -       -       -       6,900  
Comprehensive income:
                                                               
Net loss
    -       -       -       -       (2,043,770 )     -       (640,693 )     (2,684,463 )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment
    -       -       -       -       -       1,436,681       20,216       1,456,897  
                                                                 
Balance, December 31, 2013
    13,964,000     $ 13,964     $ 18,094,200     $ 2,416,647     $ 19,538,507     $ 4,046,055     $ 437,545     $ 44,546,918  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
 
 
F-4

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Tianli Agritech, Inc. (referred to herein as “Tianli”); its wholly-owned subsidiary, HC Shengyuan Limited, a Hong Kong limited liability company (“HCS”); HCS’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Wuhan Fengxing Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., a Chinese limited liability company and a wholly foreign owned entity (“WFOE”); WFOE’s variable interest entity, Wuhan Fengze Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., a Chinese limited liability company (“Fengze” or the “VIE”), where WFOE is deemed the primary beneficiary; and Fengze’s subsidiary, Hubei Tianzhili Breeder Hog Co., Ltd., a Chinese limited liability company (“Tianzhili”). All of Tianli’s operations are conducted by Fengze and Tianzhili whose results of operations are consolidated into those of Tianli. HCS and WFOE are sometimes referred to as the “subsidiaries”. Tianli, its consolidated subsidiaries and Fengze and Tianzhili are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”, “we” and “us”, unless specific reference is made to an entity.
 
Tianli was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on November 9, 2009 as a limited liability company. The Company is engaged in the business of breeding, raising, and selling hogs for use in China’s pork meat production and hog breeding by other hog producers. The Company also sold pork products through its retail operation operated until June 2012. The Company operates eleven production farms in areas around Wuhan City, within Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). Its wholly owned subsidiary, HCS, was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 24, 2009 as a limited liability company. Other than its equity interest in HCS, Tianli does not own any assets or conduct any operations.
 
WFOE was incorporated in Wuhan City on June 2, 2005. On November 26, 2009, HCS entered into a stock purchase agreement with WFOE where HCS would acquire a 100% equity interest of WFOE. On January 19, 2010, the Wuhan Municipal Commission of Commerce approved the ownership change. On January 27, 2010, the ownership change was declared effective by the Wuhan Administrator for Industry & Commerce. HCS acquired WFOE and became the holder of 100% of the equity interest of WFOE, and WFOE effectively became the wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Other than the equity interest in WFOE, HCS does not own any assets or conduct any operations.
 
WFOE conducts its business through Fengze, which is consolidated as a variable interest entity, as discussed below.
 
Chinese laws and regulations currently do not prohibit or restrict foreign ownership in hog breeding businesses. However, Chinese laws and regulations do prevent direct foreign investment in certain industries. On December   1, 2009, to protect the Company’s stockholders from possible future foreign ownership restrictions, Fengze and all of the stockholders of Fengze (“Principal Stockholders”) entered into an Entrusted Management Agreement (the “EMA”) with WFOE, which provides that WFOE will be fully and exclusively responsible for the management of Fengze. WFOE is also entitled to receive the residual return of Fengze. As a result of the agreement, WFOE will absorb 100% of the expected losses and gains of Fengze, which results in WFOE being the primary beneficiary of Fengze.
 
WFOE also entered into a Pledge of Equity Agreement (the “PEA”) with the Principal Stockholders, who pledged all their equity interest in Fengze to WFOE. The PEA, which was entered into by each Principal Shareholder, pledged each of the Principal Stockholders’ equity interest in WFOE as a guarantee for the entrustment payment under the EMA.
 
In addition, WFOE entered into an Option Agreement (the “OA”) to acquire the Principal Stockholders’ equity interest in these entities if or when permitted by the PRC laws.
 
 
F-5

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS - CONTINUED
 
Collectively, the EMA, PEA and OA are referred to as the Exclusive Agreements, based upon which the Company consolidates the variable interest entity, Fengze, as required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“US GAAP”), because the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The profits and losses of Fengze are allocated to WFOE and thus to the Company based upon the EMA.
 
The Company completed its Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) on July 19, 2010, whereby it issued 2,000,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $6.00 per share.
 
On May 12, 2011, the Company acquired its eleventh farm from An Puluo Development Co. (“An Puluo”), which is located in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province, for a purchase price of $2.2 million.
 
On June 22, 2011, Fengze established Hubei Tianzhili Breeder Hog Co., Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary (“Tianzhili”), in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province as a limited liability company. Tianzhili engaged in the business of raising and selling black hogs through several major Chinese retail channels in cooperation with An Puluo. This collaborative agreement commenced in the third quarter of 2011 and was terminated as of June 15, 2012.
 
On November 5, 2012, XMRJ LLP (“XMRJ”), a limited partner enterprise formed under Chinese law that engages in equity investments in China, agreed to invest RMB 10,000,000, or approximately $1,600,000, in Tianzhili.   Until such investment, Tianzhili was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fengze. Tianzhili conducts our black hog breeding operations. In consideration for its commitment to make the investment and an interest free loan, XMRJ received a 40% equity interest in Tianzhili. As of December 31, 2012, Tianzhili received $1,057,636 or RMB 6,666,670 from XMRJ.
 
In connection with its investment in Tianzhili, XMRJ will loan RMB 5,000,000, or approximately $800,000, to Tianzhili without interest burden for a term commencing when the loan is made and ending when XMRJ decides to withdraw its investment in Tianzhili.
 
On January 22, 2013, Tianzhili established Hubei Tianzhili (Hefeng) Breeder Hog Co., Ltd (“Hefeng”), a wholly owned subsidiary   of Tianzhili, in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province, as a limited liability company. Hefeng will be engaged in managing black hog farming and operations in Hefeng county of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.
 
 
F-6

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. This basis of accounting differs from that used in the statutory accounts of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with the accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); however the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of these financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment, land use rights and biological assets, and assumptions used in assessing impairment for long-term assets.
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
Pursuant to US GAAP, Fengze is the VIE of the Company and the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Accordingly, the VIE has been consolidated in the Company’s financial statements.
 
Based on the Exchange Agreements, the Company is able to exercise control over the VIE, and obtain the financial benefits of the VIE such as the periodic income of the VIE and to acquire the net assets of VIE through purchase of its equities. The Company therefore concluded that its interest in the VIE is not a non-controlling interest and therefore is not classified as such. Based on the Exclusive Agreements the amount of controlling interest of the Fengze shareholders, who are holding shares of the VIE for the Company, is zero. They exercise no control over the VIE and no financial interests of ownership are due to them either for periodic income or the net assets.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
Cash and cash equivalents consist of all cash balances and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Because of the short maturity of these investments, the carrying amounts approximate their fair value.  Restricted cash is excluded from cash and cash equivalents.
 
Accounts Receivable
 
Accounts receivable is stated at cost, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of customers to make required payments. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes allowances where there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, the customer’s payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends.
 
 
F-7

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
The Company accrued allowance for doubtful accounts of $10,178 and $0 at December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
Inventories
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, as determined by the weighted-average method, or market. Management compares the cost of inventories with the market value, and allowance is made for writing down the inventories to their market value if that is lower. Costs of raised animals include proportionate costs of breeding, including amortization of the breeding herd or biological assets, plus the costs of feed and other maintenance costs through the balance sheet date. Management inspects and monitors inventory on a continual basis.
 
Prepaid Expenses
 
Prepaid expenses at December 31, 2013 and 2012 totaled $204,106 and $237,247, respectively, and includes prepayments to suppliers for services that had not yet been provided to the Company. The Company recognizes prepayments as expense as suppliers provide services, in compliance with its accounting policy. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had amortized its prepaid insurance expense, warehouse leasing expense, and service expense of $352,513 and $294,065, respectively.
 
Advances to Suppliers
 
Advances to suppliers at December 31, 2013 and 2012 totaled $1,612,492 and $189,094, respectively, and include prepayments to suppliers for merchandise and raw materials that had not yet been shipped to us. The Company recognizes prepayments as inventory or expense as suppliers make delivery of goods in compliance with its accounting policy. Included in advances to suppliers as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had prepayments of $1,440,167 and $0, respectively, to its premix feed supplier.
 
Plant and Equipment
 
The Company states plant and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When plant and equipment assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recorded as an operating expense. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of plant and equipment when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets with a residual value of 5% of plant and equipment.
 
Estimated useful lives of the Company’s assets are as follows:
 
 
  
Useful Life
Buildings
  
20 years
Vehicles
  
5 years
Office equipment
  
5 years
Production equipment
  
5-10 years
 
Construction in Progress
 
Construction in progress consists of amounts expended for building new breeding and animal rearing facilities. Once the building construction is completed and the facilities are approved for breeding and animal rearing activity, the construction in progress assets are categorized as buildings and production equipment and are then accounted for in plant and equipment. Assets accounted for as plant and equipment are used in the Company’s production process, whereupon they are depreciated over their estimated useful lives.
 
 
F-8

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Biological Assets
 
Biological assets consist primarily of hogs purchased or selected from the Company’s own production for breeding and farrowing, which management believes will produce piglets that grow faster and have better quality breeding capabilities and carcasses with a high percentage of meat and a small quantity of fat. The costs to purchase and cultivate these breeding hogs and the expenditures related to labor and materials to feed the breeding hogs until they become commercially productive and breedable are capitalized. When these breeding hogs are entered into breeding and farrowing production, amortization of the costs of these breeding hogs commences. The estimated production life for breeding hogs is three years, and the costs are amortized to a residual value of $76 (RMB 500). After the breeding hogs have completed their production life of breeding, these breeding hogs are transferred into inventory as the vast majority of these breeding hogs will be sold for meat processing. Expenses incurred maintaining breeding hogs during gestation until piglets are weaned are capitalized into inventory and included in Work in process—biological assets, a component of inventories. If these breeding hogs produce piglets which are deemed appropriate for internal breeding purposes, the gestation and raising costs until weaned for these piglets are then allocated into biological assets.
 
Amortized expenses pertaining to biological assets are included in inventory costs for those piglets to be sold and ultimately become a component of cost of goods sold.
 
Land Use Rights
 
According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Land use rights are being amortized using the straight-line method over their terms.
 
The Company carries land use rights at cost less accumulated amortization. In accordance with US GAAP, the Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of land use rights when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. The Company computes amortization using the straight-line method over the 50 year life of the land use rights.
 
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
 
In accordance with US GAAP, the Company periodically reviews its long-lived assets for impairment and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between an asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company had recorded impairment charges of $1,490,034 and $38,769 at its plant and equipment and construction in progress.
 
 
F-9

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure (“ASC 820”) for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. ASC 820 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to existing generally accepted accounting principles that require the use of fair value measurements, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure about such fair value measurements. The adoption of ASC 820 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position or operating results, but did expand certain disclosures.
 
ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Additionally, ASC 820 requires the use of valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized below:
 
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
 
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data
 
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require the use of the reporting entity’s own assumptions.
 
The Company did not identify any assets and liabilities that are required to be presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value in accordance with the relevant accounting standards.
 
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and payables, and short-term bank loans and debts approximate their fair values due to the short maturities of these instruments.
 
Non-controlling Interest
 
Non-controlling interests in the Company’s subsidiaries are recorded in accordance with the provisions of ASC 810 and are reported as a component of equity, separate from the parent’s equity. Purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. Results of operations attributable to the non-controlling interest are included in our consolidated results of operations and, upon loss of control, the interest sold, as well as interest retained, if any, will be reported at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
The Company generates revenues from the business of breeding, raising, and selling hogs for use in Chinese pork meat production and the sale of hogs for breeding by other hog producers. From September 30, 2011 until June 15, 2012, the Company also generated revenue from selling processed pork products to retailers. In the second quarter of 2013, the Company resumed selling processed pork products to retailers.
 
Revenues generated from the sales of breeding and meat hogs and processed pork are recognized when these products are delivered to customers in accordance with previously agreed upon pricing and delivery arrangements, and the collectability of these sales is reasonably assured. Cash payment, which sometimes is in the form of wired cash transfers to the Company’s bank account, is usually received by the Company at the time the hogs are sold.  Sold hogs and processed pork are not returnable and accordingly, no provision has been made for returnable goods. The customers are responsible for the shipping of the hogs that they have purchased.
 
 
F-10

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Collaborative Arrangements
 
The Company evaluates whether an arrangement is a collaborative arrangement under FASB ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, at its inception based on the facts and circumstances specific to the arrangement. The Company also reevaluates whether an arrangement qualifies or continues to qualify as a collaborative arrangement whenever there is a change in either the roles of the participants or the participants’ exposure to significant risks and rewards dependent on the ultimate commercial success of the endeavor. For those collaborative arrangements where it is determined that the Company is the principal participant, costs incurred and revenue generated from third parties are recorded on a gross basis in the financial statements.
 
The Company’s collaboration agreements with third parties are performed on a ‘‘best efforts’’ basis with no guarantee of either technological or commercial success.
 
Payments to and from the Company’s collaboration partners are presented in the statements of income based on the nature of the arrangement (including its contractual terms), the nature of the payments and applicable accounting guidance. Under the collaborative agreement with An Puluo, the Company was the principal in the transaction and the Company recorded revenues when An Puluo sold the product and title passed to its customer. The Company and An Puluo share the profit from this collaborative business and all profit sharing to An Puluo was recorded as part of Cost of sales in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. On June 15, 2012, the Company terminated the collaborative agreement with An Puluo.
 
In accordance with the Company’s collaborative agreement with An Puluo, the Company was able to establish retail operations within existing retail facilities with which An Puluo had ongoing business arrangements. In these retail facilities, the Company was permitted to retail pork products. The owners of these retail facilities were responsible for collection of all retail sales made by the Company. These retail facilities were responsible for remitting to the Company the sales revenue that they collected on behalf of the Company, less any fees for operating a retail operation in their facility. The receivable as of June 15, 2012, along with all assets and liabilities generated and incurred under the collaborative arrangement, has been assumed by An Puluo after the Company terminated the collaborative arrangement.  Net assets and liabilities that arose under this terminated collaborative arrangement have been resolved as of December 31, 2012 and are reflected as $0 in net assets and liabilities of discontinued operations.
 
According to the agreement, the Company and An Puluo shared the net income of the collaborative retail business on a ratio of 60% to the Company and 40% to An Puluo. Profit sharing to An Puluo during the year ended December 31, 2012 was $15,672. The profit sharing payable though June 15, 2012 has been resolved with An Puluo as part of the termination of the collaborative arrangement.
 
 
F-11

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Segment Information
 
The Company follows FASB ASC 280-Segment Reporting, which requires that companies disclose segment data based on how management makes decision about allocating resources to segments and evaluating their performance. The Company’s management has determined that as of December 31, 2012 their operations are in one segment, that of hog farming. While the Company operated under the collaboration agreement with An Puluo it operated under two segments, that of hog farming and retail pork product sales. Subsequent to the cancellation of the collaboration agreement on June 15, 2012, the Company operates in the hog farming segment only.
 
In the second and third quarters of 2013, the Company entered into distribution agreements with supermarkets whereby the Company is permitted to sell processed pork products in the supermarkets’ retail facilities. Consequently, management has determined that the Company is now operating in two segments, hog farming and retail.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Section 740-10-30 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, which is an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns. The Company did not have any deferred tax assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
The Company is subject to the Enterprise Income Tax law (“EIT”) of the People’s Republic of China. However, according to the EIT, companies that are engaged in the agricultural business and primary processing of agricultural products are exempt from the 25% enterprise income tax. The Company is engaged in breeding, raising, and selling hogs for use in Chinese pork meat production and hog breeding, which is exempt from the Chinese income tax. Tianli is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.  Under the current tax laws of the British Virgin Islands, the Company is not subject to income taxes.
 
In addition, the Company is not subject to the PRC’s 17% VAT tax for hog sales or the 5% business tax levied on incomes from services rendered. According to the PRC tax regulations, companies engaging in the agricultural business are exempt from these taxes.   With respect to the Company’s retail operations, the Company is engaged in breeding, processing, and distributing black hogs and black hog meats which are exempt from VAT taxes and corporate income tax as well.
 
 
F-12

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share
 
The Company reports earnings per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260 “Earnings per share”. The Company’s basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the periods presented. Diluted earnings per share are computed based on the assumption that any dilutive options or warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method.  Under this method, the Company’s outstanding stock warrants are assumed to be exercised, and funds thus obtained were assumed to be used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.   There were no dilutive instruments outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the accounts of Tianli were maintained and its financial statements were expressed in Chinese Renminbi (RMB). Such financial statements were translated into United States Dollars (USD) in accordance with US GAAP, with the RMB as the functional currency. All assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rates as of the balance sheet dates. These rates were RMB 6.11 per US dollar and RMB 6.30 per US dollar as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Stockholders’ equity is translated at the historical rates and items in the statements of operations and cash flows are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income in accordance with US GAAP as a component of stockholders’ equity.
 
During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the transactions of Tianli were denominated and recorded in RMB and are translated at the average rates of exchange for the period. There rates were RMB 6.19 and RMB 6.30 per US dollar for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Exchange gains and losses are recognized for the different foreign exchange rates applied when the foreign currency assets and liabilities are settled. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.
 
Stock Based Compensation
 
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued FASB ASC 718-10-55 - Compensation-Stock Compensation, or ASC 718-10-55. Under ASC 718-10-55, companies are required to measure the compensation costs of share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and recognize the costs in the financial statements over the period during which employees are required to provide services. Share-based compensation arrangements include stock options, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans. In addition, FASB ASC 825-10-50-10 – Financial Instruments – Overall – Disclosures, or ASC 825-10-50-10, expresses views of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, staff regarding the interaction between ASC 718-10-55 and certain SEC rules and regulations and provides the staff's views regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies. The Company’s compensation cost is measured on the date of grant at its fair value. Such compensation amounts, if any, are amortized over the respective vesting periods or period of service of the option grant.
 
 
F-13

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Contingencies
 
Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessments inherently involve an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought.
 
If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material would be disclosed.
 
Loss contingencies considered to be remote by management are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantee would be disclosed.
 
Accrual of Environmental Obligations
 
ASC Section 410-30-25 “Recognition” of environmental obligations requires the accrual of a liability if both of the following conditions are met:
 
a)       Information available before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements.
 
b)       The amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
 
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not have any environmental remediation obligations, nor did it have any asset retirement obligations under ASC 410. Furthermore, the Company did not have any environmental remediation loss contingencies requiring recognition or disclosure in its financial statements.
 
 
F-14

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 2—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-04, Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation Is Fixed at the Reporting Date , clarifying how entities are required to measure obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements and outlining the required disclosures around these liabilities. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company does not believe this ASU will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
 
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2013-02, “Other Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)” (“ASU 2013-02”). The objective of ASU 2013-02 is to improve the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. ASU 2013-02 seeks to attain that objective by requiring an entity to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income if the amount being reclassified is required under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to be reclassified in its entirety to net income in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, an entity is required to cross-reference other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. ASU 2013-02 was effective prospectively for the Company in its first quarter of 2013. The adoption ASU 2013-02 did not impact the consolidated financial statements.
 
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05, Foreign Currency Matters, (Topic 830): Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity, to resolve a diversity in accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment of foreign currency upon derecognition of a foreign subsidiary or group of assets. ASU 2013-05 requires the parent to apply the guidance in Subtopic 830-30 to release any related cumulative translation adjustment into net income when a reporting entity (parent) ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity. Accordingly, the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income only if the sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity in which the subsidiary or group of assets had resided. Further, ASU 2013-05 clarified that the parent should apply the guidance in subtopic 810-10 if there is a sale of an investment in a foreign entity, including both (1) events that result in the loss of a controlling financial interest in a foreign entity and (2) events that result in an acquirer obtaining control of an acquiree in which it held an equity interest immediately before the acquisition date. Accordingly, the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income upon the occurrence of those events. The guidance is effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2013. The guidance should be applied prospectively to derecognition events occurring after the effective date. Prior periods should not be adjusted. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity elects to early adopt the guidance, it should apply the guidance as of the beginning of the entity's fiscal year of adoption. The Company does not expect ASU 2013-05 to have a significant impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
 
In July 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2013-11, “Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists” (“ASU 2013-11”). The objective of ASU 2013-11 is to eliminate diversity in practice of presenting unrecognized tax benefits as a liability or presenting unrecognized tax benefits as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss or tax credit carryforward in certain circumstances by requiring that an unrecognized tax benefit be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to deferred tax assets excluding certain exceptions. ASU 2013-11 will be effective prospectively for the Company in its first quarter of 2014. The Company does not expect ASU 2013-11 to have a material effect on its financial statements.
 
The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its audited consolidated financial statements.
 
NOTE 3—DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
 
On June 15, 2012, the Company entered into a termination agreement with An Puluo to terminate its collaborative agreement retail business.
 
Pursuant to the termination agreement, the Company cancelled the collaborative agreement with An Puluo. After the termination, the Company no longer had any operations in a retail segment. As of June 15, 2012, the Company had realized accumulated retained earnings of $240,286 from its collaborative arrangement with An Puluo since the inception of the collaboration.
 
In accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 360 (Formerly FAS 144) of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, the Company has reflected the An Puluo collaboration agreement, formerly the Company’s retail segment, as discontinued operations with results of operations reflected in the consolidated statements of operations through the date of the termination as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The assets, liabilities and equity of the retail segment in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2012 have been reclassified as discontinued operations. The cash flows from discontinued operations have also been reclassified. The Company has recorded a gain from operations of the discontinued operation, net of income taxes, of $0 and $39,179, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
 
The following table presents the revenues and net gain from discontinued operations for the periods presented:

 
   
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Revenues
  $ -     $ 1,902,575  
Net gain from discontinued operations
  $ -     $ 39,179  
 
 
F-15

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 4—ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
 
Accounts receivable consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Accounts receivable
  $ 266,785     $ 158,047  
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (10,178 )     -  
    $ 256,607     $ 158,047  
 
NOTE 5—INVENTORIES
 
Inventories consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Raw materials
  $ 1,750,125     $ 1,678,406  
Work in process—biological assets
    4,643,256       4,385,742  
Infant hogs
    4,968,112       4,168,745  
Finished goods—processed pork products
    209,205       -  
Less: inventory reserve
    (85,912 )     -  
    $ 11,484,786     $ 10,232,893  
 
Management compares the cost of inventories with the market value, and allowance is made for writing down the inventories to their market value, if lower. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company determined that there were write downs of $85,912 and $0, respectively. The term “Work in process—biological assets” has the meaning set forth above in Note 2—Biological Assets.
 
NOTE 6—ADVANCES TO SUPPLIERS
 
The Company makes advances for materials or services the Company uses in its operations. Advances to suppliers mainly consisted of prepayments to suppliers for merchandise and raw materials which were mainly comprised of premix feeds. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, advances to suppliers amounted to $1,612,492 and $189,094, respectively.
 
Included in advances to suppliers as of December 31, 2013, we had prepaid $1,440,167 to the Company’s premix feed supplier. The balance as of December 31, 2012 included deposits of $177,191 for the purchase of breeding hogs.
 
 
F-16

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 7—OTHER RECEIVABLES
 
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company reported other receivables of $1,181,078 and $208,325, respectively, including an allowance for doubtful receivables of $61,485 and $55,547.
 
The balances as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 included a deposit of $163,655 and $158,702 to a professional loan guarantee service company for obtaining a short-term loan from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank.
 
In August 2013, the Company entered into a promotional agreement with a marketing company to prepare a series of nationwide promotional activities to promote “Tianli-Xiduhei” black hogs for the 2014 Chinese New Year holiday. According to the agreement, the Company provided a security deposit of $981,932 to the marketing company as of December 31, 2013. The deposit had been returned at March 7, 2014 after the end of the promotional activities.
 
NOTE 8—RESTRICTED CASH
 
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company reported restricted cash of $0 and $793,512, respectively. The restricted cash as of December 31, 2012 was a deposit as part of collateral for the short-term loan from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank.
 
NOTE 9—PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
 
Plant and equipment consist of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Buildings
  $ 26,254,084     $ 25,219,192  
Vehicles
    738,438       693,742  
Office equipment
    535,206       535,870  
Production equipment
    2,618,167       2,931,485  
      30,145,895       29,380,289  
Less: Accumulated depreciation
    (6,960,163 )     (4,979,716 )
    $ 23,185,732     $ 24,400,573  
 
(i)
Depreciation expense was $2,251,119 and $1,597,411 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.   $1,172,158 and $1,173,343 of depreciation expense was capitalized into inventories during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
(ii)
Impairment charge
 
On November 6, 2013, the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Caidian District, Wuhan City, directed the Company to close one of the Company's farms located in the Caidian District. The Company is advised that all agricultural and manufacturing activities in the area of Dacha Lake in the Caidian District was ordered to shut down before the end of 2013 as part of the government's effort to restore the lake to its natural condition.
 
During the course of the Company's strategic review of its operations and consideration of the November 6 2013 notice from the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Caidian District, the Company assessed the recoverability of the carrying value of certain property, plant and equipment which resulted in impairment losses of $1,490,034 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The impairment charge represented the excess of carrying amounts of the Company's property, plant and equipment over the estimated fair value of the Company's hog farm in Caidian District.
 
 
F-17

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 10—CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS
 
Construction in progress consists of amounts expended for the construction of new breeding and animal rearing facilities. Once construction is completed and the facilities are approved to be used for breeding and animal rearing activity, the construction in progress assets are placed into production and transferred into plant and equipment, whereupon they are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the construction in progress was $50,897 and $1,655,901, respectively. Included in this amount were:
 
-
$50,897 and $38,089 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 for upgrading the feed processing facility and improvements of several of the Company’s hog farms; and
 
-
$0 and $1,617,812 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, funding to local independent farmers to construct small-scale hog farms. Since 2011, the Company had signed 8 joint development agreements, for periods of approximately 10 years, with 8 local cooperatives in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province whereby the Company, the relevant governmental agencies and the cooperatives will assist participating farmers to breed and raise Enshi black hogs which will be purchased by the Company for resale as meat hogs or retained or sold as breeders at the Company’s discretion. Under these agreements, the Company provides funds to local independent farmers to construct small-scale hog rearing facilities, within the cooperatives, which are sufficient for the Company’s requirements to grow black hogs for sale to the Company. Pursuant to these joint development agreements, title to the physical plant and equipment included in these small-scale hog rearing facilities belongs to the Company while the local cooperatives (and the individual farmers) have the right to use them. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company has expended a total of $11.32 million and $10.54 million to build these hog rearing facilities. With respect to three of the cooperatives located in Xianfeng County, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, the Company has purchased $1.32 million of hog rearing facilities and equipment that has been completed and is operational and included in plant and equipment as of December 31, 2013. With regard to four of the cooperatives located in Laifeng County, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, the Company has purchased $10 million of hog rearing facilities and equipment that has been completed and recorded as part of plant and equipment as of December 31, 2013.
 
According to the joint development agreements, each participating farmer paid a deposit of approximately one-third of the construction cost of the hog farm to the Company upon completion of the respective hog farm. The deposit is amortized against the depreciation expense over a period of 10 years. Should the farmer withdraw from the program within this period, the deposit will be refunded proportionately. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, deposits from farmers were $3,255,504 and $2,893,014, respectively, and were included in other payables.
 
 
F-18

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 11—BIOLOGICAL ASSETS
 
Biological assets consist of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Breeding hogs
  $ 7,120,342     $ 6,779,893  
Less: Accumulated amortization
    (3,843,502 )     (2,422,047 )
    $ 3,276,840     $ 4,357,846  
 
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, $1,141,878 and $552,548 of breeding hogs was a breed of black hogs. Amortization of the biological assets, included as a component of inventory, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $1,328,450 and $1,321,865, respectively. $1,328,450 and $1,321,865 of amortization of the biological assets was capitalized into inventories during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
NOTE 12—LONG-TERM PREPAID EXPENSES
 
Long-term prepaid expenses primarily consist of prepaid rental expenses for three parcels of land comprising the Company’s eleventh farm. The prepaid rental expenses are being amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term of 21.33 years.
 
Long-term prepaid expenses at December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Long-term prepaid rental expenses
  $ 1,835,644     $ 1,780,089  
Office decoration expenses
    -       85,700  
      1,835,644       1,865,789  
Less: Accumulated amortization
    (229,456 )     (184,301 )
    $ 1,606,188     $ 1,681,488  
 
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $84,932 and $112,292, respectively.
 
The estimated amortization expense of long-term prepaid expenses over each of the next five years and thereafter will be $84,932 per annum.
 
 
F-19

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 13—INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
According to the laws of PRC, the government owns all the land in PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Land use rights are being amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term of 50 years.
 
Land use rights at December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Land use rights
  $ 1,735,042     $ 1,682,532  
Less: Accumulated amortization
    (254,411 )     (196,759 )
    $ 1,480,631     $ 1,485,773  
 
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $50,845 and $49,822, respectively.
 
The estimated amortization expense of land use rights over each of the next five years and thereafter will be $50,845 per annum.
 
 
F-20

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 14—SHORT-TERM LOANS
 
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the short-term loans are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Loan payable to Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank, annual interest rate of 9.184%, due by May 23, 2013, guaranteed by Wuhan Science and Technology Guarantee Co., Ltd.
  $ -     $ 761,772  
Loan payable to Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank, annual interest rate of 8.100%, due by July 22, 2013, guaranteed by Xin Zhang
    -       825,253  
Loan payable to Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, annual interest rate of 6%, due by July 9,  2013, guaranteed by Wuhan Agriculture Guarantee Co., Ltd., Xin Zhang, and Hangyin Li with collateral of $793,512 restricted cash
    -       1,587,025  
Loan payable to Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, annual interest rate of 6%, due by August 12,  2013, guaranteed by Wuhan Agriculture Guarantee Co., Ltd., Xin Zhang, and Hangyin Li with collateral of $793,512 restricted cash
    -       2,340,861  
Loan payable to Communication Bank of China, annual interest rate of 7.8%, due by November 22,  2013, guaranteed by Wuhan Agriculture Guarantee Co., Ltd.
    -       1,587,024  
Loan payable to Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank, annual interest rate of 8.4%, due by June 19, 2014, guaranteed by Wuhan Science and Technology Guarantee Co., Ltd.
    785,546       -  
Loan payable to Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, annual interest rate of 7.2%, due by December 4,  2014, guaranteed by Wuhan Agriculture Guarantee Co., Ltd. and Tianzhili,, secured by certain assets of the Company.
    1,636,554       -  
Loan payable to Communication Bank of China, annual interest rate of 7.28%, due by December 16, 2014, guaranteed by Wuhan Science and Technology Guarantee Co., Ltd.
    1,636,554       -  
Loan payable to Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank, annual interest rate of 8.4%, due by November 6, 2014 with collateral provided by Mr. Xin Zhang.
    851,008       -  
Loan payable to Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, annual interest rate of 7.8%, due by December 3, 2014, with collateral provided by Wuhan East Lake Hi-Tech Innovation Center
    1,472,899       -  
    $ 6,382,561     $ 7,101,935  
 
In 2013, the Company paid $40,914 and $49,097 to guarantee service providers for providing the guarantee of the loans from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Communication Bank of China. In 2012, the Company paid $161,357 and $31,729 to guarantee service providers for providing the guarantee of the loans from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Communication Bank of China.
 
 
F-21

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 15—ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
 
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Accounts payable
  $ 157     $ 146,568  
Other taxes payable
    542       571  
Others
    48,197       43,672  
    $ 48,896     $ 190,811  
 
NOTE 16—OTHER PAYABLES
 
Other payables at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were $3,309,246 and $2,893,332, respectively. Included in other payables as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were mainly deposit payables of $3,255,504 and $2,893,014.
 
Since the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company signed 7 joint development agreements with 7 local cooperatives in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province. Under these agreements, the Company provides funding to local independent farmers to construct small-scale hog farms in which the farmers will grow the black hogs for sale to the Company.
 
According to the joint development agreements, each participating farmer paid a deposit of approximately one-third of the construction cost of the hog farm to the Company upon completion of the respective hog farm. The deposit is amortized against the depreciation expense over a period of 10 years. Should the farmer withdraw from the program within this period, the deposit will be refunded proportionately. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, deposits from farmers were $3,255,504 and $2,893,014, respectively.
 
The amortization of deposit payables for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $429,488 and $73,541. The following table sets forth the aggregate future amortization expected for the next five years:
 
   
Amortization
 
2014
  $ 358,991  
2015
  $ 358,991  
2016
  $ 358,991  
2017
  $ 358,991  
2018
  $ 358,991  
Thereafter
  $ 1,460,549  
 
 
F-22

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 17—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence. The amount due to related party was $139,430 and $125,842 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The amount represented the advances from the Company’s shareholder and chief executive officer, Hanying Li, for operating purpose. Such advances are non-interest bearing and due upon demand.
 
Wuhan East Lake Hi-Tech Innovation Center whose actual controller is Mr. Wei Gong, a shareholder of the Company, provided its owned real assets as collateral for the Company’s short-term bank loan of $1,472,899 with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
 
 
F-23

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
NOTE 18—CAPITAL STOCK
 
The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, and as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, it had 13,964,000 shares and 11,194,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively.
 
The Company granted to its investor relation firm 44,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for services to be rendered up through October 2011 pursuant to an agreement made in October 2010. The shares were valued at $234,080 and amortized over the service term. The amortization of this grant was $234,080 for the year ended December 31, 2011. In July 2011, the Company issued 10,000 shares of the 44,000 shares to the investor relationship consulting firm. The remaining 34,000 shares were issued on October 11, 2012.
 
On December 6, 2010 the Company granted 26,000 options with an exercise price of $6.00 to a director with vesting of one-third as of the date of grant, one-third vesting in December 2011, and the final one-third vesting in December 2012, contingent on the director continuing to serve as a board member. The option can be exercised through January, 2017. The Company recognizes the compensation cost over the award’s service period and for the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the amortization of these options amounted to $21,373 and $21,374, respectively, based on a Black Scholes valuation of the options as of the date of the grant.
 
On July 12, 2012, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of common stock as compensation to its consultants and employees, comprised of 960,000 shares to marketing consultants for black hog sales and 40,000 shares to its employees. The Company recognizes the compensation cost of $1,130,000 as part of its selling expense.
 
On October 11, 2012, the Company issued 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the investor relationship consulting firm for its 2012 consulting services. The shares were valued at $37,000 and recognized as compensation cost as part of the Company’s general and administrative expenses.
 
On August 15, 2013, the Company issued 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the investor relationship consulting firm for its 2013 consulting services. The shares were valued at $6,900 and recognized as compensation cost as part of the Company’s general and administrative expenses.
 
On October 28, 2013, the Company sold and issued 2,760,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to Mr. Wei Gong at $1.16 per share. The shares were valued at $3,201,600.
 
The fair value of the director options and the placement agent warrants were estimated as of the grant date using the Black Scholes options pricing model. The determination of the fair value is affected by the price of the Company’s common stock at the date of the grant as well as assumptions made regarding the expected price volatility of the common stock over the terms of the grant, the risk-free interest rate and any expected dividends.
 
The table below provides the estimated fair value of the director options, and the significant assumptions used to determine their values.
 
   
Director Options
 
Placement Agent Warrants
Estimated Fair Value Per Option or Warrant
 
$2.47
 
$0.56
Stock Price at Date of Grant
 
$5.66
 
$4.36
Assumptions:
       
Dividend Yield
 
0%
 
0%
Stock Price Volatility
 
50.8%
 
31.3%
Risk-Free Interest Rate
 
1.60%
 
1.40%
 
 
F-24

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 19—CAPITAL STOCK (CONTINUED)
 
The following table summarizes the stock options and warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the activity during the year ended December 31, 2013.
 
   
Options
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
   
Warrants
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2012
    26,000     $ 6.00       210,000     $ 7.21  
Granted
    -       -       -       -  
Exercised
    -       -       -       -  
Forfeited
    -       -       -       -  
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
    26,000     $ 6.00       210,000     $ 7.21  
Exercisable at December 31, 2013
    26,000     $ 6.00       210,000     $ 7.21  
 
The weighted average remaining contractual life for the options and the warrants is 3 years and 1.5 years, respectively. The market value of the Company’s common stock was $2.18 and $0.85 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The intrinsic value of the outstanding options and the warrants as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $0.
 
NOTE 20—STATUTORY RESERVES
 
As stipulated by the Company Law of the PRC, net income after taxation can only be distributed as dividends after appropriation has been made for the following:
 
 
 
Making up cumulative prior years’ losses, if any;
 
 
 
Allocations to the “Statutory surplus reserve” of at least 10% of income after tax, as determined under PRC accounting rules and regulations, until the fund amounts to 50% of the Company’s registered capital;
 
 
 
Allocations to the discretionary surplus reserve, if approved by the stockholders;
 
 
 
The transfer to this reserve must be made before distribution of any dividend to shareholders. The surplus reserve fund is non-distributable other than during liquidation and can be used to fund previous years’ losses, if any, and may be utilized for business expansion or converted into share capital by issuing new shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their shareholding or by increasing the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the remaining reserve balance after such issue is not less than 25% of the registered capital.
 
In accordance with the Chinese Company Law, the Company has allocated 10% of its net income as the statutory reserve contributions. The reserves amounted to $2,416,647 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
 
F-25

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 21—CERTAIN RISKS AND CONCENTRATION
 
Credit risk and major customers
 
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, 100% and 97% of the Company’s cash including cash on hand and deposits in accounts were maintained within the PRC where there is currently no rule or regulation in place for obligatory insurance to cover bank deposits in the event of a bank’s failure. However, the Company has not experienced any such losses and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts
 
The Company’s key customers are principally hog brokers, hog farmers and slaughterhouses, all of which are located in the PRC. The Company has not entered into long-term supply contracts with any of these major customers.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2013, there was no customer that accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2012, there were two customers that accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue, Wuhan Mingxiang Meat Factory Co. Ltd. and Wuhan Huangpi Hengdian Zhongxin slaughter house.
 
Risk arising from operations in foreign countries
 
Substantially all of the Company’s operations are conducted in China. The Company’s operations are subject to various political, economic, and other risks and uncertainties inherent in China. Among other risks, the Company’s operations are subject to the risks of restrictions on transfer of funds; changing taxation policies; foreign exchange restrictions; and political conditions and governmental regulations.
 
Risk arising from contractual arrangements with Fengze
 
The Company conducts substantially all of its operations, and generates substantially all of its revenues, through contractual arrangements with Fengze that provide the Company with effective control over Fengze. The Company depends on Fengze to hold and maintain contracts with its customers. Fengze owns substantially all of the Company’s intellectual property, facilities and other assets relating to the operation of the Company’s business, and employs the personnel for substantially all of its business. Neither Tianli, nor HCS nor WFOE has any ownership interest in Fengze. Although WFOE’s contractual arrangements with Fengze are valid, binding and enforceable under current PRC laws and regulations, these contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing the Company with control over Fengze as direct ownership of Fengze would.
 
NOTE 22—GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES
 
The Company received subsidies of $107,584 and $218,605 in the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively for recurring breeder hog subsidies. All such subsidies are recorded as “subsidy income” in the financial statements.
 
 
F-26

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 23—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
General
 
The Company follows ASC 450, Accounting for Contingencies, in determining its accruals and disclosures with respect to loss contingencies. Accordingly, estimated losses from loss contingencies are accrued by a charge to income when information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability could be been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. If a loss contingency is not probable or reasonably estimable, disclosure of the loss contingency is made in the financial statements when it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss could be incurred. The Company has not accounted for any loss contingencies as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
Lease obligations
 
The Company leases office space that has a remaining term of nine years.  Also as a condition of being the holder of the land use rights for its hog farms, the Company makes rental payments to the government over the term of the land use rights, which range from 19 years to 50 years. The Company does not have capital leases. In most cases, management expects that, in the normal course of business, leases will be renewed or replaced. Net rental expense relating to the Company’s operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $84,535 and $84,516, respectively.
 
The following table sets forth the aggregate minimum future annual rental commitments at December 31, 2013 under all non-cancelable leases for years ending December 31:
 
   
Operating Leases
 
2014
  $ 85,107  
2015
  $ 85,107  
2016
  $ 85,107  
2017
  $ 84,905  
2018
  $ 84,299  
Thereafter
  $ 1,540,053  
 
 
F-27

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 24—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (CONTINUED)
 
Capital expenditures
 
The Company’s execution of the Enshi Black Hog program will require the Company to incur various costs and contribute various amounts to cover the costs of different aspects of the program as more fully described above. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company provided funds totaling $11.32 million and $10.54 million to local independent farmers to construct small-scale hog farms in which the farmers will grow the black hogs for sale to the Company. Upon satisfactory completion of these farms, these farms would become fixed assets of the Company. The Company expects that further funding for this program will be required later this year, and management believes that such funds will be available out of the cash flow generated by operations.
 
Environmental matters
 
Environmental laws and regulations to which the Company is subject mandate additional concerns and requirements of the Company. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permits can result in injunctive actions, damages and civil and criminal penalties. The laws and regulations applicable to the Company's activities change frequently and it is not possible to predict the potential impact on the Company from any such future changes.
 
Although management believes that the Company is in material compliance with the statutes, laws, rules and regulations of every jurisdiction in which it operates, no assurance can be given that the Company’s compliance with the applicable statutes, laws, rules and regulations will not be challenged by governing authorities or private parties, or that such challenges will not lead to material adverse effects on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
The Company is not involved in any legal matters. While incapable of estimation, in the opinion of the management, the individual regulatory and legal matters in which it might be involved in the future are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
 
F-28

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
NOTE 25—SEGMENT INFORMATION
 
The Company follows FASB ASC 280-Segment Reporting, which requires that companies disclose segment data based on how management makes decision about allocating resources to segments and evaluating their performance. As of December 31, 2013, we decided that we have two operating segments, Hog Farming and Retail. The hog farming segment consists of sales of our raised regular and black breeder hogs, raised regular and black market hogs, and black hogs we bought from individual hog farmers for resale that were sold to meat processors. Our retail segment consists of the selling of processed black hog meat products to the public through refrigerators we established in the supermarkets. Additionally, we also include the selling of processed black hog meat products to restaurants, hotels and other retailers and through the internet  in our retail segment.
 
The Company primarily evaluates performance based on income before income taxes and excluding non-recurring items.
 
Condensed financial information with respect to these reportable business segments for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 is as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
Hog Farming
   
Retail
   
Consolidated
 
Segment revenues
  $ 32,807,299     $ 543,643     $ 33,350,942  
Inter-segment revenues
    -       -       -  
Revenues from external customers
  $ 32,807,299     $ 543,643     $ 33,350,942  
Segment income (loss)
  $ (2,310,532 )   $ 3,526     $ (2,307,006 )
Unallocated corporate loss
                    (377,457 )
Income before income taxes
                    (2,684,463 )
Income taxes
                    -  
Net income
                  $ (2,684,463 )
Other segment information:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 3,625,972     $ 4,442     $ 3,630,414  
 
 
F-29

 
 
TIANLI AGRITECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 AND 2012
 
NOTE 25—SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
Hog Farming
   
Retail
   
Consolidated
 
Segment revenues
  $ 26,529,423     $ -     $ 26,529,423  
Inter-segment revenues
    -       -       -  
Revenues from external customers
  $ 26,529,423     $ -     $ 26,529,423  
Segment loss
  $ 252,859     $ -     $ 252,859  
Unallocated corporate loss
                    (465,654
Loss before income taxes
                    (212,795
Income taxes
                       
Net loss
                  $ (212,795 )
Other segment information:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 2,969,098     $ -     $ 2,969,098  
 
 
As of December 31, 2013
 
Hog Farming
   
Retail
   
Consolidated
 
Total segment assets
  $ 11,986,125     $ 414,636     $ 12,400,203  
Other unallocated corporate assets
                    457,179  
                    $ 12,857,382  
Other segment information:
                       
Expenditures for segment assets
  $ 701,923     $ 48,636     $ 750,559  
                         
As of December 31, 2012
                       
Total segment assets
  $ 52,877,904     $ -     $ 52,877,904  
Other unallocated corporate assets
                    -  
                    $ 52,877,904  
Other segment information:
                       
Expenditures for segment assets
  $ 8,951,657     $ -     $ 8,951,657  
 
NOTE 26—SUBSEQUENT EVENT
 
On January 22 and February 7, 2014, the Company renewed its loans with Shanghai Pudong Development Bank in the amount of $1,636,554. The loans are due January 21 and February 6, 2015 with interest at the annual rate of 8.4% and guaranteed by Wuhan Agriculture Guarantee Co., Ltd. and Tianzhili and secured by certain assets of the Company.
 
F-30

 
 
 
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