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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
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or
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period
from to
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Commission file number: 001-33437
KKR FINANCIAL HOLDINGS LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
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11-3801844
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(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
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555 California Street, 50
th
Floor
San Francisco, CA
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94104
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(Address of principal executive offices)
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(Zip Code)
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Registrant's
telephone number, including area code:
(415) 315-3620
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Shares representing limited liability company membership interests listed on the New York Stock
Exchange
Securities
registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities
Act.
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Yes
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No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
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Yes
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No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days.
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Yes
o
No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this
chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the
definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
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Non-accelerated filer
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Accelerated filer
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Smaller reporting company
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Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
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Yes
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No
The aggregate market value of the voting common shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2007 was $1,802,933,165, based on
the closing price of the common shares on such date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.
The
number of shares of the registrant's common shares outstanding as of February 19, 2008 was 116,343,151.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Shareholders' Meeting to be held May 1, 2008 and to be filed within 120 days after
the close of the registrant's fiscal year are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Except where otherwise expressly stated or the context suggests otherwise, the terms "we," "us" and "our" refer to KKR Financial Holdings LLC and its
subsidiaries; the "Manager" refers to KKR Financial Advisors LLC; and "KKR" refers to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P. and its affiliated
companies.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE "SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONS OF
THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
Certain information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitutes "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that are based on
our current expectations, estimates and projections. Pursuant to those sections, we may obtain a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements by identifying and accompanying those statements with
cautionary statements, which identify factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical facts, including
statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "aim," "expect," "strive," "plan," "estimate," and "project," and similar
words identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance, events or results and involve potential risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, actual results and
the timing of certain events could differ materially from those addressed in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates and market
values, financing and capital availability, changes in prepayment rates, general economic conditions, and other factors not presently identified. Other factors that may impact our actual results are
discussed under "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to publicly release the result of
any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements, except for as
required by federal securities laws.
WEBSITE ACCESS TO COMPANY'S REPORTS
Our Internet website address is
www.kkrkfn.com
. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly
reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Our
Corporate Governance Guidelines, board of directors' committee charters (including the charters of the Affiliated Transactions Committee, Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and
Corporate Governance Committee) and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics are available on our website. Information on our website does not constitute a part of, and is not incorporated by reference
into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
KKR FINANCIAL HOLDINGS LLC
2007 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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Part I
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Item 1.
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Business
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1
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Item 1A.
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Risk Factors
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8
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Item 1B.
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Unresolved Staff Comments
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36
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Item 2.
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Properties
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36
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Item 3.
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Legal Proceedings
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36
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Item 4.
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Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
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36
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Part II
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Item 5.
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Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
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37
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Item 6.
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Selected Consolidated Financial Data
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40
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Item 7.
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Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
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42
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Item 7A.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
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77
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Item 8.
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Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
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77
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Item 9.
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Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
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77
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Item 9A.
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Controls and Procedures
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78
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Item 9B.
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Other Information
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78
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Part III
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Item 10.
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Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
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78
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Item 11.
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Executive Compensation
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78
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Item 12.
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Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters
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78
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Item 13.
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Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
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79
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Item 14.
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Principal Accountants Fees and Services
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79
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Part IV
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Item 15.
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Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
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79
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i
PART I
Item 1. BUSINESS
Our Company
We are a specialty finance company that uses leverage with the objective of generating competitive risk-adjusted returns. We invest in financial
assets primarily consisting of corporate loans and securities, including senior secured and unsecured loans, mezzanine loans, high yield corporate bonds, distressed and stressed debt securities,
marketable and non-marketable equity securities, and credit default and total rate of return swaps. We also make opportunistic investments in other asset classes from time to time. We
invest in both cash and derivative instruments.
Our
income is generated primarily from (i) net interest income and dividend income, (ii) realized and unrealized gains and losses on our derivatives that are not accounted
for as hedges, (iii) realized gains and losses from the sales of investments, (iv) realized and unrealized gains and losses on securities sold, not yet purchased, and (v) fee
income.
We
are a Delaware limited liability company and were organized on January 17, 2007. We are the successor to KKR Financial Corp. (the "REIT Subsidiary"), a Maryland corporation.
KKR Financial Corp. was originally incorporated in the State of Maryland on July 7, 2004 and elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. KKR Financial Corp. completed its initial private placement of shares of its common stock in August 2004, and completed its
initial public offering of shares of its common stock in June 2005. On May 4, 2007, we completed a restructuring transaction (the "Restructuring Transaction"), pursuant to which the REIT
Subsidiary became our subsidiary and each outstanding share of the REIT Subsidiary's common stock was converted into one of our common shares, which are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange
("NYSE") under the symbol "KFN". Although we have not elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we intend to be treated as a partnership, and not as an association or
publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Discontinued Operations
In August 2007, our board of directors approved our plan to exit our residential mortgage investment operations and to sell the REIT Subsidiary. At the end of
December 2007, we transferred to KKR Financial Holdings II, LLC ("KFH II") certain residential mortgage-backed securities previously held by the REIT Subsidiary. Accordingly, we report our
residential mortgage investment operations, including the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II, as discontinued operations. Unless otherwise noted, amounts and disclosures contained in this annual report on
Form 10-K relate to our continuing operations.
Our Manager
We are externally managed and advised by KKR Financial Advisors LLC (our "Manager"), an affiliate of Kohlberg Kravis
Roberts & Co. L.P. ("KKR"), pursuant to a management agreement (the "Management Agreement"). Our Manager was formed in July 2004. All of our executive officers are employees or
members of our Manager or one or more of its affiliates. The executive offices of our Manager are located at 555 California Street, 50
th
Floor, San Francisco, California 94104 and
the telephone number of our Manager's executive offices is (415) 315-3620.
Pursuant
to the terms of the Management Agreement, our Manager provides us with our management team, along with appropriate support personnel. Our Manager is responsible for our
operations and performs all services and activities relating to the management of our assets, liabilities and operations. Our Manager is at all times subject to the direction of our board of directors
and has only such functions and authority as we delegate to it.
1
Our Strategy
Our objective is to provide competitive returns to our investors through a combination of distributions and capital appreciation. We seek to achieve our
investment objective by investing in multiple asset classes. As part of our investment strategy, we seek to invest opportunistically in those asset classes that can generate competitive leveraged
risk-adjusted returns, subject to maintaining our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act").
We
conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We are organized as a holding company that conducts its
operations primarily through majority-owned subsidiaries. In order for us to qualify for the exemption provided by Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act, the securities issued to us
by our subsidiaries that are exempted from the definition of an "investment company" by Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any other "investment securities"
(within the meaning of the Investment Company Act) we may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items)
on an unconsolidated basis. This requirement limits the types of businesses in which we may engage through these subsidiaries.
Our
Manager utilizes its access to the resources and professionals of KKR, along with the same philosophy of value creation that KKR employs in managing private equity funds, in order to
create a portfolio that is constructed to provide competitive returns to investors. We make asset class allocation decisions based on various factors including: relative value, leveraged
risk-adjusted returns, current and projected credit fundamentals, current and projected supply and demand, credit and market risk concentration considerations, current and projected
macroeconomic considerations, liquidity, all-in cost of financing and financing availability, and maintaining our exemption from the Investment Company Act.
Our Financing Strategy
We use leverage in order to increase potential returns to our investors. Our investment guidelines ("Investment Guidelines") require no minimum or maximum
leverage and our Manager and its investment committee will have the discretion, without the need for further approval by our board of directors, to increase the amount of our leverage. Our use of
leverage may, however, also have the effect of increasing losses when economic conditions are unfavorable.
We
maintain access to various sources of capital to mitigate the risk that we are unable to source additional capital when it is necessary or desirable. We also maintain access to
various forms of financing, including collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs"), warehouse facilities, repurchase agreements, total rate of return swaps, convertible senior notes, junior subordinated
notes in the form
of trust preferred securities, a senior secured credit facility, and a secured demand loan. The manner in which we finance our investments is dependent upon the nature and form of the investment and
its corresponding credit rating. Our financing counterparties include large commercial and investment banks.
We
attempt to reduce interim refinancing risk and to minimize exposure to interest rate fluctuations through the use of long-term financing on a match funded basis. Match
funding is the financing of our investments on a basis where the duration of the investments approximates the duration of the borrowings used to finance the investments. For any period during which
our investment portfolio and related borrowings are not match funded, we may be exposed to the risk that our investment portfolio will reprice more slowly than the borrowings that we use to finance a
significant portion of our investment portfolio. Increases in interest rates under these circumstances,
2
particularly
short-term interest rates on our short-term borrowings, may significantly adversely affect the net interest income that we earn on our investment portfolio.
Investment Company Act Exemption
We intend to conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Our subsidiaries that issue
CLOs generally will rely on Rule 3a-7, an exemption from the Investment Company Act provided for certain structured financing vehicles. Accordingly, each of our CLO subsidiaries
that rely on Rule 3a-7 is subject to specific guidelines and restrictions, including a prohibition on the CLO issuers from acquiring and disposing of assets primarily for the
purposes of recognizing gains or decreasing losses resulting from market value changes. Certain sales and purchases of assets may be made so long as the CLOs do not violate our guidelines and are not
based primarily on the changes in market value. We can, however, sell assets without limitation if we believe the credit profile of the obligor will deteriorate. The proceeds of permitted dispositions
may be reinvested in collateral that is consistent with the requirements of the CLO.
In
addition, the combined value of the investment securities issued by our subsidiaries that are excepted by Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together
with any other investment securities we may own, may not exceed 40% of the value of our total assets on an unconsolidated basis. This requirement limits the types of businesses in which we may engage
through our subsidiaries.
Management Agreement
We are party to a Management Agreement with our Manager, pursuant to which our Manager will provide for the day-to-day management of our
operations.
The
Management Agreement requires our Manager to manage our business affairs in conformity with the Investment Guidelines that are approved by a majority of our independent directors.
Our Manager is under the direction of our board of directors. Our Manager is responsible for (i) the selection, purchase and sale of our investments, (ii) our financing and risk
management activities, and (iii) providing us with investment advisory services.
The
Management Agreement expires on December 31, 2008 and is automatically renewed for a one-year term each anniversary date thereafter. Our independent directors
review our Manager's performance annually and the Management Agreement may be terminated annually (upon 180 day prior written notice) upon the affirmative vote of at least
two-thirds of our independent directors, or by a vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding common shares, based upon (1) unsatisfactory performance by the Manager that is
materially detrimental to us or (2) a determination that the management fees payable to our Manager are not fair, subject to our Manager's right to prevent such a termination under this
clause (2) by accepting a mutually acceptable reduction of management fees. We must provide a 180 day prior written notice of any such termination and our Manager will be paid a
termination fee equal to four times the sum of the average annual base management fee and the average annual incentive fee for the two 12-month periods preceding the date of termination,
calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination.
We
may also terminate the Management Agreement without payment of the termination fee with a 30 day prior written notice for cause, which is defined as (i) our Manager's
continued material breach of any provision of the Management Agreement following a period of 30 days after written notice thereof, (ii) our Manager's fraud, misappropriation of funds, or
embezzlement against us, (iii) our Manager's gross negligence in the performance of its duties under the Management Agreement, (iv) the commencement of any proceeding relating to our
Manager's bankruptcy or insolvency, (v) the dissolution of our Manager, or (vi) a change of control of our Manager. Cause does not include
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unsatisfactory
performance, even if that performance is materially detrimental to our business. Our Manager may terminate the Management Agreement, without payment of the termination fee, in the event
we become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Furthermore, our Manager may decline to renew the Management Agreement by providing us with a 180 day prior
written notice. Our Manager may also terminate the Management Agreement upon 60 days prior written notice if we default in the performance of any material term of the Management Agreement and
the default continues for a period of 30 days after written notice to us, whereupon we would be required to pay our Manager the termination fee described above.
We
do not employ personnel and therefore rely on the resources and personnel of our Manager to conduct our operations. For performing these services under the Management Agreement, our
Manager receives a base management fee and incentive compensation based on our performance. Our Manager also receives reimbursements for certain expenses, which are made on the first business day of
each calendar month.
Base Management Fee.
We pay our Manager a base management fee monthly in arrears in an amount equal to
1
/
12
of
our equity, as defined in the Management Agreement, multiplied by 1.75%. We believe that the base management fee that our Manager is entitled to receive is generally comparable to the base management
fee received by the managers of comparable externally managed specialty finance companies. Our Manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and
employees who, notwithstanding that certain of them also are officers of us, receive no compensation directly from us.
For
purposes of calculating the base management fee, our equity means, for any month, the sum of (i) the net proceeds from any issuance of our common shares, after deducting any
underwriting discount and commissions and other expenses and costs relating to the issuance, (ii) the net proceeds of any trust preferred stock issuances and convertible debt issuances that are
approved by our board of directors, and (iii) our retained earnings at the end of such month (without taking into account any non-cash equity compensation expense incurred in
current or prior periods), which amount shall be reduced by any amount that we pay for the repurchases of our common shares. The foregoing calculation of the base management fee is adjusted to exclude
special one-time events pursuant to changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), as well as non-cash charges, after discussion
between our Manager and our independent directors and approval by a majority of our independent directors in the case of non-cash charges.
Our
Manager is required to calculate the base management fee within fifteen business days after the end of each month and deliver that calculation to us promptly. We are obligated to pay
the base management fee within twenty business days after the end of each month. We may elect to have our Manager allocate the base management fee among us and our subsidiaries, in which case the fee
would be paid directly by each entity that received an allocation.
Our
Manager is waiving base management fees related to the $230.4 million common share offering and $270.0 million common share rights offering that occurred during the
third quarter of 2007 until such time as our common share closing price on the NYSE is $20.00 or more for five consecutive trading days. Accordingly, our Manager permanently waived approximately
$2.7 million of base management fees during the year ended December 31, 2007.
Reimbursement of Expenses.
Because our Manager's employees perform certain legal, accounting, due diligence tasks and other
services that outside professionals or outside consultants otherwise would perform, our Manager is paid or reimbursed for the documented cost of performing such tasks,
provided that such costs and reimbursements are no greater than those which would be paid to outside professionals or consultants on an arm's-length basis.
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We
also pay all operating expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by our Manager under the Management Agreement. The expenses required to be paid by us include, but are
not limited to, rent, issuance and transaction costs incident to the acquisition, disposition and financing of our investments, legal, tax, accounting, consulting and auditing fees and expenses, the
compensation and expenses of our directors, the cost of directors' and officers' liability insurance, the costs associated with the establishment and maintenance of any credit facilities and other
indebtedness of ours (including commitment fees, accounting fees, legal fees and closing costs), expenses associated with other securities offerings of ours, expenses relating to making distributions
to our shareholders, the costs of printing and mailing proxies and reports to our shareholders, costs associated with any computer software or hardware, electronic equipment, or purchased information
technology services from third party vendors, costs incurred by employees of our Manager for travel on our behalf, the costs and expenses incurred with respect to market information systems and
publications, research publications and materials, and settlement, clearing, and custodial fees and expenses, expenses of our transfer agent, the costs of maintaining compliance with all federal,
state and local rules and regulations or any other regulatory agency, all taxes and license fees and all insurance costs incurred by us or on our behalf. In addition, we will be required to pay our
pro rata portion of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of our Manager and its affiliates required for our operations.
Except as noted above, our Manager is responsible for all costs incident to the performance of its duties under the Management Agreement, including compensation of our Manager's employees and other
related expenses, except that we may elect to have our Manager allocate expenses among us and our subsidiaries, in which case expenses would be paid directly by each entity that received an
allocation.
Incentive Compensation.
In addition to the base management fee, our Manager receives quarterly incentive compensation in an
amount equal to the product of: (i) 25% of the dollar amount by which: (a) our Net Income, before incentive compensation, per weighted-average share of our common shares for such
quarter, exceeds (b) an amount equal to (A) the weighted-average of the price per share of the common stock of KKR Financial Corp. in its August 2004 private placement and the prices per
share of the common stock of KKR Financial Corp. in its initial public offering and any subsequent offerings by KKR Financial Holdings LLC multiplied by (B) the greater of (1) 2.00% and
(2) 0.50% plus one-fourth of the Ten Year Treasury Rate for such quarter, multiplied by (ii) the weighted average number of our common shares outstanding in such quarter. The
foregoing calculation of incentive compensation will be adjusted to exclude special one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP, as well as non-cash charges, after discussion
between our Manager and our independent directors and approval by a majority of our independent directors in the case of non-cash charges. The incentive compensation calculation and
payment shall be made quarterly in arrears. For purposes of the foregoing: "Net Income" shall be determined by calculating the net income available to shareholders before non-cash equity
compensation expense, in accordance with GAAP; and "Ten Year Treasury Rate" means the average of weekly average yield to maturity for U.S. Treasury securities (adjusted to a constant maturity of ten
years) as published weekly by the Federal Reserve Board in publication H.15 or any successor publication during a fiscal quarter.
Our
ability to achieve returns in excess of the thresholds noted above in order for our Manager to earn the incentive compensation described in the preceding paragraph is dependent upon
various factors, many of which are not within our control.
Our
Manager is required to compute the quarterly incentive compensation within 30 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, and we are required to pay the quarterly incentive
compensation with respect to each fiscal quarter within five business days following the delivery to us of our Manager's written statement setting forth the computation of the incentive fee for such
quarter. We may elect to have our Manager allocate the incentive fee among us and our subsidiaries, in which case the fee would be paid directly by each entity that received an allocation.
5
The Collateral Management Agreements
An affiliate of our Manager has entered into separate management agreements with KKR Financial CLO 2005-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2005-1"), KKR
Financial CLO 2005-2, Ltd. ("CLO 2005-2"), KKR Financial CLO 2006-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2006-1"), KKR Financial CLO
2007-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2007-1"), KKR Financial CLO 2007-A, Ltd. ("CLO 2007-A"), and Wayzata Funding LLC ("Wayzata") and is entitled to receive
fees for the services performed as the collateral manager under the management agreements. As of December 31, 2007, the collateral manager has permanently waived approximately
$26.7 million of management fees payable to the collateral manager from the CLOs. The collateral manager evaluates such waivers on a quarterly basis and there are no assurances that the
collateral manager will waive such management fees subsequent to those dates.
Competition
Our net income depends, in large part, on our ability to acquire assets at favorable spreads over our borrowing costs. A number of entities compete with us to
make the types of investments that we make. We compete with financial companies, public and private funds, commercial and investment banks and commercial finance companies. For additional information
concerning the competitive risks we face, see Item 1A "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our Operation and Business StrategyWe operate in a highly competitive market for
investment opportunities."
Staffing
We do not have any employees. We are managed by KKR Financial Advisors LLC pursuant to the Management Agreement between our Manager and us. Our Manager is
100% owned by KKR Financial LLC and all of our executive officers are members, employees or officers of KKR Financial LLC. As of February 19, 2008, KKR Financial LLC had 67
full-time employees and two founding members.
Tax Status
We are no longer treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; however, we intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a partnership, and not as
an association or publicly traded partnership that is taxable as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, we generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax at the entity
level, but are subject to limited state income taxes. Holders of our shares will be required to take into account their allocable share of each item of our income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit
for our taxable year ending within or with their taxable year.
The
REIT Subsidiary has elected, and KFH II will elect, to be taxed as a REIT and both are required to comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the
"Code"), with respect thereto. Accordingly, the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II are not subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that they currently distribute their income and satisfy certain
asset, income and ownership tests and recordkeeping requirements. Even though the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II qualify for federal taxation as REITs, they may be subject to some amount of federal,
state, local and foreign taxes based on their taxable income. The REIT Subsidiary and KFH II are presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes.
CLO
2005-1, CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A, KKR Financial CLO 2007-4, Ltd. ("CLO
2007-4"), KKR Financial CLO 2008-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2008-1"), Wayzata and KKR TRS Holdings, Ltd. ("TRS Ltd") are not consolidated for U.S. federal
income tax return purposes. For financial reporting purposes, current and deferred taxes are provided for on the portion of earnings recognized by the Company with respect to its interest in its
domestic taxable corporate subsidiaries, KKR TRS Holdings, Inc. ("TRS Inc.") and KFN PEI VII, LLC ("PEI VII"), because such subsidiaries
6
are
taxed as regular subchapter C corporations under the provisions of the Code. TRS Inc. and PEI VII are subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and may be subject
to other taxes, including payroll taxes, and state and local income, franchise, property, sales and other taxes. Any dividends that we receive from the REIT Subsidiary, KFH II and our foreign
corporate subsidiaries, with limited exceptions, will not be eligible for taxation at the preferred capital gain rates that currently apply to dividends received by individuals, trusts and estates
from taxable corporations.
REIT Matters
As of December 31, 2007, we believe that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II (presented as discontinued operations), qualified as REITs under the Code. The Code
requires, among other things, that at the end of each calendar quarter at least 75% of a REIT's total assets must be "real estate assets" as defined in the Code. The Code also requires that each year
at least 75% of a REIT's gross income come from real estate sources and at least 95% of a REIT's gross income come from real estate sources and certain other passive sources itemized in the Code, such
as dividends and interest. As of December 31, 2007, we believe that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II were in compliance with such requirements. As of December 31, 2007, we also believe
that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II met all of the REIT requirements regarding the ownership of their stock or shares, respectively, and the distribution of their taxable income. However, the sections
of the Code and the corresponding U.S. Treasury Regulations that relate to qualification and taxation as a REIT are highly technical and complex, and each REIT subsidiary's qualification and taxation
as a REIT depends upon its ability to meet various qualification tests imposed under the Code (such as those described above), including through its actual annual operating results, asset composition,
distribution levels and diversity of share ownership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II have been organized and have operated, or will continue to be organized
and operated, in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT.
Restrictions on Ownership of Our Common Shares
Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of a REIT imposed by the Code, our amended and restated operating agreement, among other limitations,
generally prohibits any shareholder from beneficially or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of any class or series of the outstanding
shares of our company. Our board of
directors has discretion to grant exemptions from the ownership limit, subject to terms and conditions as it deems appropriate.
Distribution Policy
Distributions to our common shareholders are decided by our board of directors and while we expect to distribute the majority of our net earnings to our common
shareholders, we do not maintain a targeted distribution threshold.
7
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks described below. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. We have only described the risks we consider to
be material. However, there may be additional risks that are viewed by us as not material or are not presently known to us.
This
section contains a summary of some of the terms of our operating agreement and the Management Agreement. Those summaries are not complete and are subject to, and qualified in their
entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of our operating agreement and the Management Agreement, copies of which have been included as exhibits to the Current Report on
Form 8-K that we filed with the SEC on May 4, 2007 and are available on the SEC website at
www.sec.gov
.
If
any of the risks described below were to occur, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to
occur, the price of our common shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Operations and Business Strategy
If credit spreads on our borrowings increase and the credit spreads on our investments do not also increase, we are unlikely to achieve our projected leveraged
risk-adjusted returns. Also, if credit spreads on investments increase in the future, our existing investments will likely experience a material reduction in value.
We make investment decisions based upon projected leveraged risk-adjusted returns. When making such projections we make assumptions regarding the
long-term cost of financing such investments, particularly the credit spreads associated with our long-term financings. We define credit spread as the risk premium for taking
credit risk which is the difference between the risk free rate and the interest rate paid on the applicable investment or loan, as the case may be. If credit spreads on our long term financings
increase and the credit spreads on our investments are not increased accordingly, we will likely not achieve our targeted leveraged risk-adjusted returns and we will likely experience a
material adverse reduction in the value of our investments.
We have a limited operating history.
We have a limited operating history. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any business, including the risk that we will
not achieve our investment objectives and that the value of our shares and any other securities we may issue could decline substantially. There can be no assurance that we will be able to generate
sufficient revenue from operations to pay our operating expenses, make payments due on our indebtedness and make or sustain distributions to holders of our shares.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities.
A number of entities compete with us to make the types of investments that we plan to make. We compete with specialty finance companies, hedge funds, public and
private funds, commercial and investment banks, and REITs. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do.
Several other entities have recently raised, or are expected to raise, significant amounts of capital, and may have investment objectives that overlap with ours, which may create competition for
investment opportunities. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds than us and access to financing sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher
risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us.
We
cannot assure you that the competitive pressures we face will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as a result of
this
8
competition,
we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, and we do not offer any assurance that we will be able to identify and make investments that
are consistent with our investment objectives.
Failure to obtain and maintain adequate capital and financing would adversely affect our results and may, in turn, negatively affect the market price of our shares and any
other securities we may issue and our ability to make distributions to holders of our shares.
We depend upon the availability of adequate financing and capital for our operations. We cannot assure you that any, or sufficient, financing or capital will be
available to us in the future on terms that are acceptable to us. In the event that we cannot obtain sufficient financing and capital on acceptable terms, there may be a negative impact on the market
price of our shares and any other securities we may issue and our ability to make distributions to holders of our shares.
Risks Related to our Organization and Structure
The terms of our indebtedness may restrict our ability to make future distributions and impose limitations on our current and future operations.
Our credit facility and certain other financing facilities contain, and any future indebtedness may also contain, a number of restrictive covenants that impose
operating and other restrictions on us, including restrictions on our ability to make distributions to holders of our shares. The credit facility includes covenants restricting our ability to:
-
-
incur
or guarantee additional debt, other than debt incurred in the course of our business consistent with current operations;
-
-
create
or incur liens, other than liens relating to secured debt permitted to be incurred;
-
-
engage
in mergers and sales of substantially all of our assets;
-
-
make
loans, acquisitions or investments, other than investments made in the course of our business consistent with current operations;
-
-
make
distributions on, and make redemptions and repurchases of, our shares, including a prohibition on distributions on, and redemptions and repurchases of, our shares if an
event of default, or certain events that with notice or passage of time or both would constitute an event of default, under the credit facility occur and the requirement described below that we
maintain a specified minimum level of consolidated tangible net worth; and
-
-
engage
in transactions with affiliates.
In
addition, our credit facility also includes financial covenants, including requirements that we:
-
-
maintain
adjusted consolidated tangible net worth of at least $1.437 billion plus an amount equal to 85% of the net proceeds, subject to certain exceptions, from the
issuance of equity interests (as defined in the credit facility) subsequent to September 30, 2007;
-
-
not
permit our adjusted net income from continuing operations to be less than $1.00 for any quarter; and
-
-
not
exceed a leverage ratio (as defined in the credit facility) of 4.75 to 1.0 computed on a basis that generally excludes the debt of our discontinued operations.
In
addition, the operating and financial restrictions in our credit facility, other financing facilities and any future financing facilities may adversely affect our ability to engage in
our current and future operations or pay distributions to holders of our shares.
9
Maintenance of our Investment Company Act exemption imposes limits on our operations, which may adversely affect our results of operations.
We intend to continue to conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or
trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire "investment securities" having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuer's total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash
items) on an unconsolidated basis. Excluded from the term "investment securities," among other things, are securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies
and are not relying on the exemption from the definition of an investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.
We
are organized as a holding company that conducts its operations primarily through majority-owned subsidiaries. As a result, the securities issued to us by our subsidiaries that are
exempted from the definition of an "investment company" by Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any other "investment securities" we may own, may not have a
combined value in excess of 40% of the value of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. This requirement limits the types of businesses in
which we may engage through our subsidiaries.
The
determination of whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of ours is made by us. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50%
or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act further defines
voting securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We treat companies, including collateralized debt obligations
("CDOs") issuers, in which we own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test.
Most
of our subsidiaries are limited by the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the assets in which each of them
can invest to
avoid being regulated as an investment company. Our subsidiaries that issue CDOs generally rely on Rule 3a-7, an exemption from the Investment Company Act provided for certain
structured financing vehicles. These structured financings may not engage in portfolio management practices resembling those employed by mutual funds. Accordingly, each of our CDO subsidiaries that
relies on Rule 3a-7 is subject to specific guidelines and restrictions limiting the discretion of the CDO issuer and our collateral manager. In particular, our guidelines prohibit
the CDO issuer from acquiring and disposing of assets primarily for the purpose of recognizing gains or decreasing losses resulting from market value changes. The CDO issuer cannot acquire or dispose
of assets primarily to enhance returns to the owner of the equity in the CDO. Sales and purchases of assets may be made so long as the CDOs do not violate the guidelines contained in the indentures.
The proceeds of permitted dispositions may be reinvested by our CDOs in additional collateral, subject to fulfilling the requirements set forth in the applicable indentures. As a result of these
restrictions, our CDO subsidiaries may suffer losses on their assets and we may suffer losses on our investments in our CDO subsidiaries.
Some
of our subsidiaries are currently relying on the exemption provided under Section 3(c)(7), and therefore, our ownership interests in these subsidiaries are deemed to be
investment securities for purposes of the 40% test. We must monitor our holdings in these subsidiaries and any future subsidiaries relying on the exemptions provided under Section 3(c)(1) or
3(c)(7) to ensure that the value of our investment in such subsidiaries, together with any other investment securities we may own,
10
does
not exceed 40% of the value of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis.
If
the combined value of the investment securities issued by our subsidiaries that are exempted by Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any
other investment securities we may own, exceeds 40% of the value of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, we may be deemed to be an
investment company. If we fail to maintain an exemption, exception or other exclusion from registration as an investment company, we could, among other things, be required either (a) to change
substantially the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid being required to register as an investment company or (b) to register as an investment company, either of which could have
a material adverse effect on us and our ability to service our indebtedness and to make distributions on our shares and on the market price of our shares and any other securities we may issue. If we
were required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital structure (including our ability to
use leverage), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act), portfolio composition, including restrictions with respect to diversification
and industry concentration, and other matters, and our Manager would have the right to terminate our management agreement.
We
have not requested the SEC to approve our treatment of any company as a majority-owned subsidiary for purposes of the Investment Company Act, our treatment of any CDO as a subsidiary
meeting the requirements for Rule 3a-7 or our determination that any investment constitutes a qualifying asset for purposes of the Investment Company Act. If the SEC were to
disagree with our treatment of one or more companies, including CDO issuers, as majority-owned subsidiaries,
with our treatment of one or more CDOs as subsidiaries meeting the requirements of Rule 3a-7 or with our determination that one or more of our investments constitute qualifying
assets, we would need to adjust our investment strategy and our investments in order to continue to pass the 40% test referred to above. Any such adjustment in our investment strategy or investments
could have a material adverse effect on us. Moreover, to the extent that the SEC provides more specific or different guidance regarding the application of Rule 3a-7 of the
Investment Company Act, we may be required to adjust our investment strategy and investments accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could
further inhibit our ability to pursue the investment strategy we have chosen, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Risks Related to the Current Market Environment
The current dislocations in the mortgage sector and corporate credit sector and the current weakness in the broader financial market, could adversely affect us and one or more
of our lenders, which could result in increases in our borrowing costs, reductions in our liquidity and reductions in the value of the investments in our portfolio.
The continuing dislocations in the mortgage sector and corporate credit sector and the current weakness in the broader financial market could adversely affect one
or more of the counterparties providing repurchase agreement funding for our investments and could cause those counterparties to be unwilling or unable to provide us with additional financing. This
could potentially limit our ability to finance our investments and operations, increase our financing costs and reduce our liquidity. This risk is exacerbated by the fact that a substantial portion of
our repurchase agreement financing is provided by a relatively small number of counterparties. If one or more major market participants fails or withdraws from the market, it could negatively impact
the marketability of all fixed income securities and this could reduce the value of the securities in our portfolio, thus reducing our net book value. Furthermore, if one or more of our counterparties
are unwilling or unable to provide us with ongoing financing, we could be forced to sell our investments at a time when prices are depressed.
11
Recent
developments in the market for many types of mortgage products (including MBS) have resulted in reduced liquidity for these assets. Although this reduction in liquidity has been
most acute with regard to subprime assets, there has been an overall reduction in liquidity across the credit spectrum of mortgage products.
Periods of adverse market volatility could adversely affect our liquidity.
During periods of increased adverse market volatility, such as the recent disruption in the residential mortgage and global asset backed commercial paper market,
we are exposed to the risk that we may have to post additional margin collateral, which may have a material adverse impact on our available liquidity. Our repurchase agreements allow the
counterparties, to varying degrees, to determine a new market value of the collateral to reflect current market conditions. If a counterparty determines that the value of the collateral has decreased,
it may initiate a margin call and require us to either post additional collateral to cover such decrease or repay a portion of the outstanding borrowing, on minimal notice. A significant increase in
margin calls as a result of spread widening could harm our liquidity, results of operations, financial condition, and business prospects. Additionally, in order to obtain cash to satisfy a margin
call, we may be required to liquidate assets or raise capital at a disadvantageous time, which could cause us to incur further losses or adversely affect our results of operations, financial
condition, and may impair our ability to maintain our current level of distributions to our shareholders. As a result, our contingent liquidity reserves may not be sufficient in the event of a
material adverse change in the credit markets and related market price market volatility.
Declines in the market values of our investments may adversely affect financial results and credit availability, which may reduce earnings and thus cash available for
distributions to our shareholders.
On January 1, 2007, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilitiesincluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115
. We plan to carry all of our residential mortgage-backed
securities ("RMBS"), and all swaps previously designated as a hedge at fair value with changes in fair value recorded directly into earnings. As a result, a decline in their values will likely reduce
the book value of our assets.
A
decline in the market value of our assets may adversely affect us, particularly where we have borrowed money based on the market value of those assets. In such case, the lender may
require us to post additional collateral to support the borrowing. If we cannot post the additional collateral, we may have to liquidate assets at a time when we might not otherwise choose to do so. A
reduction in the availability of credit may reduce our earnings, liquidity and therefore cash available for distributions to our shareholders.
We will lose money on our repurchase transactions if the counterparty to the transaction defaults on its obligation to resell the underlying security back to us at the end of
the transaction term, or if the value of the underlying security has declined as of the end of that term or if we default on our obligations under the repurchase agreement.
We obtain a significant portion of our funding through repurchase facilities. When we engage in a repurchase transaction, we generally sell securities to the
transaction counterparty and receive cash from the counterparty. The counterparty is obligated to resell the securities back to us at the end of the term of the transaction, which is typically 30 to
90 days. Because the cash we receive from the counterparty when we initially sell the securities is less than the value of those securities (by the margin), if the counterparty defaulted on its
obligation to resell the securities back to us we would incur a loss on the transaction equal to such margin (assuming no change in the value of the securities). We would also lose money on a
repurchase transaction if the value of the underlying securities has declined as of the end of the transaction term, as we would have to repurchase the securities for their initial value but would
receive securities worth less than that amount. Any losses we
12
incur
on our repurchase transactions could adversely affect our earnings and thus our distributions to our shareholders.
Certain
of our repurchase agreements include negative covenants that if breached, may cause our repurchase transactions to be terminated early, in which event our counterparty could
terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and make any amount due by us to the counterparty payable immediately. If we have to terminate outstanding repurchase transactions and are unable
to negotiate new and acceptable financing terms, our liquidity will be impaired. This may reduce the amount of capital available for investing or reduce our ability to make distributions to our
shareholders. In addition, we may have to liquidate assets at a time when we might not otherwise choose to do so. There is no assurance we would be able to establish suitable replacement financing.
We leverage our portfolio investments, which may adversely affect our return on our investments and may reduce cash available for distribution.
We leverage our portfolio investments through borrowings, generally through the use of warehouse facilities, bank credit facilities, repurchase agreements,
asset-backed secured liquidity notes, securitizations, including the issuance of CDOs, loans to entities in which we hold, directly or indirectly, interests in pools of properties or loans, and other
borrowings. The percentage of leverage varies depending on our ability to obtain credit facilities and the lenders' and rating agencies' estimate of the stability of the portfolio investments' cash
flow. At the current time, the only contractual limitation on our ability to leverage our portfolio is a covenant contained in our credit facility, certain warehouse facilities and certain other loan
agreements that our leverage ratio cannot exceed 4.75 to 1.0, computed on a basis that generally excludes the debt included in our discontinued operations. Our return on our
investments and cash available for distribution to holders of our shares may be reduced to the extent that changes in market conditions cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the
income that can be derived from the assets acquired and financed. Our debt service payments reduce cash flow available for distributions to holders of our shares. We may not be able to meet our debt
service obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure or sale to satisfy our debt obligations. We leverage certain of our investments
through repurchase agreements, total rate of return swaps and asset-backed secured liquidity notes. A decrease in the value of the assets may lead to margin calls that we will have to satisfy. We may
not have the funds available to satisfy any such margin calls.
If we are unable to continue to utilize CDOs successfully, we may be unable to grow or fully execute our business strategy and our results of operations may be adversely
affected.
We intend to continue to structure our CDOs so that we must account for them as secured borrowings in accordance with SFAS No. 140,
Accounting for Transfers
and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities
, and as a result we are precluded from using sale
accounting to recognize any gain or loss. An inability to continue to utilize CDOs successfully could limit our ability to grow our business or fully execute our business strategy and our results of
operations may be adversely affected.
An increase in our borrowing costs relative to the returns we receive on our portfolio investments may adversely affect our results of operations and cash available for
distribution to holders of our shares.
As our repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowing instruments mature, we will be required either to enter into new repurchase agreements and
other short-term borrowings or to sell certain of our portfolio investments. An increase in short-term interest rates at the time that we seek to enter into new repurchase
agreements may reduce the spread between our returns on our portfolio investments and the cost of our borrowings. This change in interest rates would adversely affect our returns on our portfolio
investments that are fixed rate and/or subject to prepayment or extension risk,
13
including
our residential mortgage loans and residential mortgage-backed securities investments, which might adversely affect our results of operations, our ability to make payments due on our
indebtedness and cash available for distribution to holders of our shares.
We may enter into derivative contracts that could expose us to contingent liabilities in the future.
Part of our investment strategy involves entering into derivative contracts that will require us to fund cash payments in certain circumstances. These payments
are contingent liabilities and therefore may not appear on our balance sheet. Our ability to fund these contingent liabilities will depend on the liquidity of our assets and access to capital at the
time, and the need to fund these contingent liabilities could adversely impact our financial condition.
Hedging against interest rate exposure may adversely affect our results of operations, which could adversely affect our ability to make payments due on our indebtedness and
cash available for distribution to holders of our shares.
We enter into interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate hedging instruments as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Our hedging
activity varies in scope based on the level of interest rates, the type of portfolio investments held, and other changing market conditions. Interest rate hedging may fail to protect or could
adversely affect us because, among other things:
-
-
interest
rate hedging instruments can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest rates;
-
-
available
interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought;
-
-
the
duration of the hedge may be significantly different than the duration of the related liability or asset;
-
-
the
credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging
transaction; and
-
-
the
party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay.
Any
hedging activity we engage in may adversely affect our results of operations, which could adversely affect our ability to make payments due on our indebtedness and cash available for
distribution to holders of our shares. Therefore, while we may enter into such transactions to seek to reduce interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in interest rates may result in poorer overall
investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and
price movements in the portfolio positions or liabilities being hedged may vary materially. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging
instruments and the portfolio holdings or liabilities being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss.
Hedging instruments often are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities
and involve risks and costs.
The cost of using hedging instruments increases as the period covered by the instrument increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. We may
increase our hedging activity and thus increase our hedging costs during periods when interest rates are volatile or rising and hedging costs have increased. In addition, hedging instruments involve
risk since they often are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities. Consequently, there are no
requirements with respect to record
14
keeping,
financial responsibility or segregation of customer funds and positions. Furthermore, the enforceability of agreements underlying hedging transactions may depend on compliance with applicable
statutory, commodity and other regulatory requirements and, depending on the identity of the counterparty, applicable international requirements. The business failure of a hedging counterparty with
whom we enter into a hedging transaction will most likely result in a default. Default by a party with whom we enter into a hedging transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits and force
us to cover our resale commitments, if any, at the then current market price. It may not always be possible to dispose of or close out a hedging position without the consent of the hedging
counterparty, and we may not be able to enter into an offsetting contract in order to cover our risk. We cannot assure you that a liquid secondary market will exist for hedging instruments purchased
or sold, and we may be required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration, which could result in losses.
We make non-U.S. dollar denominated investments, which subject us to currency rate exposure and the uncertainty of foreign laws and markets.
We purchase investments denominated in foreign currencies. A change in foreign currency exchange rates may have an adverse impact on returns on any of these
non-dollar denominated investments. Although we may choose to hedge our foreign currency risk, we may not be able to do so
successfully and may incur losses on these investments as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. Investments in foreign countries also subject us to risks of multiple and conflicting tax laws and
regulations and political and economic instability abroad, which could adversely affect our returns on these investments.
Risks Related to Our Investments
We may not realize gains or income from our investments.
We seek to generate both current income and capital appreciation. The assets in which we invest may not appreciate in value, however, and, in fact, may decline in
value, and the debt securities in which we invest may default on interest and/or principal payments. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains or income from our investments. Any gains that we
do realize may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience. Any income that we realize may not be sufficient to offset our expenses.
Declines in the market values of our investments may adversely affect our results of operations and credit availability, which may adversely affect, in turn, our ability to
make payments due on our indebtedness and our cash available for distribution to holders of our shares.
A substantial portion of our assets are, and we believe are likely to continue to be, classified for accounting purposes as
"available-for-sale" so long as it is management's intent not to sell such assets and we have sufficient financial wherewithal to hold the investment until its scheduled
maturity. Changes in the market values of those assets will be directly charged or credited to our shareholder' equity. As a result, a decline in values may reduce the book value of our assets.
Moreover, if the decline in value of an available-for-sale security is considered by our management to be other than temporary, such decline will be recorded as a charge which
will adversely affect our results of operations.
A
decline in the market value of our assets may adversely affect us, particularly in instances where we have borrowed money based on the market value of those assets. If the market value
of those assets declines, the lender may require us to post additional collateral to support the loan. If we were unable to post the additional collateral, we would have to sell the assets at a time
when we might not otherwise choose to do so. A reduction in credit available may adversely affect our results of
15
operations,
our ability to make payments due on our indebtedness and cash available for distribution to holders of our shares.
Further,
credit facility providers may require us to maintain a certain amount of cash or to set aside unlevered assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position intended to
allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations. As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we would choose, which may reduce our return on equity. In the event that we are
unable to meet these contractual obligations, our financial condition could deteriorate rapidly because we may be required to sell our investments at distressed prices in order to meet such margin or
liquidity requirements.
Market
values of our investments may decline for a number of reasons, such as causes related to changes in prevailing market rates, increases in defaults, increases in voluntary
prepayments for those investments that we have that are subject to prepayment risk, and widening of credit spreads.
Some of our portfolio investments are recorded at fair value as determined by our Manager and, as a result, there is uncertainty as to the value of these investments.
Some of our portfolio investments are, and we believe are likely to continue to be, in the form of loans and securities that have limited liquidity or are not
publicly traded. The fair value of investments that have limited liquidity or are not publicly traded may not be readily determinable. We generally value these investments quarterly at fair value as
determined by our Manager. Because such valuations are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates, our determinations of fair value may differ
materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these investments existed. The market value of our shares and any other securities we may issue could be adversely affected
if our determinations regarding the fair value of these investments are materially higher than the values that we ultimately realize upon their disposal.
Changes in interest rates could negatively affect the value of our investments, which could result in reduced earnings or losses and negatively affect our ability to service
our indebtedness and the cash available for distribution to holders of our shares.
We invest in fixed-rate loans and securities. Under a normal yield curve, an investment in these instruments will decline in value if interest rates
increase. Declines in market value may ultimately reduce earnings or result in losses to us, which may negatively affect our ability to service our indebtedness and the cash available for distribution
to holders of our shares.
In
particular, a significant risk associated with fixed-rate investments is the risk that both long-term and short-term interest rates will increase
significantly. If rates were to increase significantly, the market value of these securities would decline and, with respect to mortgage-backed securities, the duration of the investments would
increase. We may realize a loss if these investments were sold. At the same time, an increase in short-term interest rates would increase the amount of interest owed on short term
borrowings we may enter into in order to finance the purchase of these fixed-rate investments.
Our assets include leveraged loans, high-yield securities and common and preferred equity securities, each of which has greater risks of loss than secured senior
loans and, if those losses are realized, it could adversely affect our results of operations, our ability to service our indebtedness and our cash available for distribution to holders of our shares.
Our assets include leveraged loans, high-yield securities and marketable and non-marketable common and preferred equity securities, each
of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior secured loans. First, the leveraged loans and high-yield securities may not be secured by mortgages or liens on assets. Even if
secured, these leveraged loans and high-yield securities may have higher loan-to-value ratios than senior secured loans. Furthermore, our right to payment and the
security
16
interest
in any collateral may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of a senior lender. Therefore, we may be limited in our ability to enforce our rights to collect these loans
and to recover any of the loan balances through a foreclosure of collateral.
Certain
of these leveraged loans and high-yield securities may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk
until the maturity of the loan. In this case, a borrower's ability to repay its loan may be dependent upon a refinancing or a liquidity event that will enable the repayment of the loan.
In
addition to the above, numerous other factors may affect a company's ability to repay its loan, including the failure to meet its business plan, a downturn in its industry or negative
economic conditions. A deterioration in a company's financial condition and prospects may be accompanied by deterioration in the collateral for the high-yield securities and leveraged
loans. Losses on our high-yield securities and leveraged loans could adversely affect our results of operations, which could adversely affect our ability to service our indebtedness and
cash available for distribution to holders of our shares.
In
addition, marketable and non-marketable common and preferred equity securities may also have a greater risk of loss than senior secured loans since such equity investments
are subordinate to debt of the issuer and are not secured by property underlying the investment.
Prepayments can adversely affect the yields on our investments.
In the case of residential mortgage loans, there are seldom any restrictions on borrowers' abilities to prepay their loans. Homeowners tend to prepay mortgage
loans faster when interest rates decline. Consequently, owners of the loans have to reinvest the money received from the prepayments at the lower prevailing interest rates. Conversely, homeowners tend
not to prepay mortgage loans when interest rates increase. Consequently, owners of the loans are unable to reinvest money that would have otherwise been received from prepayments at the higher
prevailing interest rates. This volatility in prepayment rates may affect our ability to maintain targeted amounts of leverage on our mortgage loan and mortgage-backed securities portfolio and may
result in reduced earnings or losses for us and negatively affect our ability to service our indebtedness and the cash available for distribution to holders of our shares.
The
yield on our other assets may be affected by the rate of prepayments differing from our projections. Prepayments on debt instruments, where permitted under the debt documents, are
influenced by changes in current interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic and other factors beyond our control, and consequently, such prepayment rates cannot be predicted with certainty.
If we are unable to invest the proceeds of such prepayments in other investments that produce an equivalent or higher yield, the overall yield on our portfolio may decline. In addition, we may acquire
assets at a discount or premium and if the asset does not repay when expected, our anticipated yield may be impacted. Under certain interest rate and prepayment scenarios we may fail to recover fully
our cost of acquisition of certain investments.
The mortgage loans we invest in and the mortgage loans underlying the mortgage and asset-backed securities we invest in are subject to delinquency, foreclosure and loss, which
could result in losses to us.
Commercial real estate loans are secured by multifamily or commercial property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure, and risks of loss that are
greater than similar risks associated with loans made on the security of single-family residential property. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing property typically
is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is
reduced, the borrower's ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an income-producing property can be affected by,
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among
other things: tenant mix, success of tenant businesses, property management decisions, property location and condition, competition from comparable types of properties, changes in laws that
increase operating expense or limit rents that may be charged, any need to address environmental contamination at the property, the occurrence of any uninsured casualty at the property, changes in
national, regional or local economic conditions and/or specific industry segments, declines in regional or local real estate values, declines in regional or local rental or occupancy rates, increases
in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses, changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including environmental legislation, acts of God, terrorism,
social unrest and civil disturbances.
Residential
mortgage loans are secured by single-family residential property and are subject to risks of delinquency, foreclosure and risks of loss. The ability of a borrower to repay a
loan secured by a residential property is dependent upon the income or assets of the borrower. A number of factors, including a general economic downturn, acts of God, terrorism, social unrest and
civil disturbances, may impair borrowers' abilities to repay their loans.
In
the event of any default under a mortgage loan held directly by us, we will bear a risk of loss to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal
and accrued interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow from operations. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage loan borrower, the mortgage loan to
such borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the
mortgage loan may be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession.
Foreclosure
of a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process that could have a substantial negative effect on our anticipated return on the foreclosed mortgage loan. RMBS
evidence interests in or are secured by pools of residential mortgage loans and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") evidence interests in or are secured by a single commercial mortgage loan
or a pool of commercial real estate loans. Accordingly, the mortgage-backed securities we invest in are subject to all of the risks of the underlying mortgage loans.
A significant portion of our discontinued operations investment portfolio is invested in non-agency RMBS and non-conforming residential mortgage loans.
A significant portion of our discontinued operations investment portfolio consists of non-agency RMBS and non-conforming residential
mortgage loans. Agency RMBS represent ownership interests in pools of residential mortgage loans secured by residential real property and are guaranteed as to principal and interest by federally
chartered entities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly known as "Fannie Mae," and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, commonly known as "Freddie Mac," and, in the case
of the Government National Mortgage Association, commonly known as "Ginnie Mae," by the U.S. government. Non-agency RMBS are not guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, or the
U.S. government. Non-agency RMBS have a higher risk of loss than do agency RMBS. We expect to realize credit losses on our investment in non-agency RMBS.
A
material portion of our discontinued operations investment portfolio of residential mortgage loans and RMBS consists of, or in the case of RMBS is backed by, non-conforming
residential mortgage loans. The residential mortgage loans are non-conforming primarily due to non-credit factors including, but not limited to, the fact that the
(i) mortgage loan amounts exceed the maximum amount for such mortgage loan to qualify as a conforming mortgage loan, and (ii) underwriting documentation for the mortgage loan does not
meet the criteria for qualification as a conforming mortgage loan. Non-conforming residential mortgage loans may have higher risk of delinquency and foreclosure and losses than conforming
mortgage loans. We may realize credit losses on our investment in non-conforming residential mortgage loans and RMBS backed by non-conforming residential mortgage loans.
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Our investment portfolio of residential mortgage loans, residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial real estate loans, and commercial real estate mortgage-backed
securities may have material geographic concentrations.
We have material geographic concentrations related to our investments in residential mortgage loans and RMBS. We have material geographic concentrations related
to our investments in commercial real estate loans and CMBS. The risk of foreclosure and losses are likely to be correlated between our residential and our commercial real estate investments and the
correlation may be exacerbated by our geographic concentrations. We may realize credit losses on our residential and commercial real estate mortgage loan and mortgage-backed securities because of our
geographic concentrations and the correlation of foreclosure and losses between our residential and commercial real estate investments.
Our investments in subordinated residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities are generally in the "second loss" position and therefore subject to losses.
In general, losses on an asset securing a mortgage loan included in a securitization will be borne first by the equity holder of the property, then by a cash
reserve fund or letter of credit, if any, and then by the "first loss" subordinated security holder and then by the "second loss" subordinated security holder. In the event of default and the
exhaustion of any equity support, reserve fund, letter of credit and any classes of securities junior to those in which we invest, we will not be able to recover all of our investment in the
securities we purchase. In addition, if the underlying mortgage portfolio has been overvalued by the originator, or if the values subsequently decline and, as a result, less collateral is available to
satisfy interest and principal payments due on the related mortgage-backed securities, the securities in which we invest may effectively become the "first loss" position behind the more senior
securities, which may result in significant losses to us. The prices of lower credit quality securities are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than more highly rated investments, but
more sensitive to economic downturns or individual issuer developments. An economic downturn, for example, could cause a decline in the price of lower credit quality securities because the ability of
obligors of mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities to make principal and interest payments may be impaired. In such event, existing credit support in the securitization structure may be
insufficient to protect us against loss of our principal on these securities.
Our rights under corporate leveraged loans we invest in may be more restricted than investments in other loans.
We may hold interests in corporate leveraged loans originated by banks and other financial institutions. We may acquire interests in corporate leveraged loans
either directly by a direct purchase or an assignment, or indirectly through a participation. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning
institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation
interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest, not with the borrower. In purchasing
participations, we generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the credit agreement, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and we may not
directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which we have purchased the participation. As a result, we will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution
selling the participation.
The high yield bonds that we invest in have greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated bonds.
We invest in high yield bonds which are rated below investment-grade by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or are unrated but of
comparably low credit quality, and have greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated bonds. High yield bonds may be unsecured, and
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may
be subordinate to other obligations of the obligor. The lower rating, or lack of a rating, on high yield bonds reflects a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the
obligor or in general economic conditions or both may impair the ability of the obligor to make payment of principal and interest. Many issuers of high yield bonds are highly leveraged, and their
relatively high debt-to-equity ratios create increased risks that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations. Overall declines
in the below investment-grade bond and other markets may adversely affect such issuers by inhibiting their ability to refinance their debt at maturity. High yield bonds are often less liquid than
higher rated bonds.
High
yield bonds are often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level
at which they had previously operated. High yield bonds have historically experienced greater default rates than has been the case for investment-grade bonds.
Asset-backed securities are subject to credit risks that may arise due to defaults by the borrowers in the underlying collateral or the issuer's or servicer's failure to
perform and other risks.
We invest in investment grade and non-investment grade asset-backed securities ("ABS"). Asset-backed securities are bonds or notes backed by loans
and/or other financial assets. Investments in ABS bear various risks, including credit risk, interest rate risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operations risk, structural risk and legal risk. Credit
risk arises from losses due to defaults by the borrowers in the underlying collateral and the issuer's or servicer's failure to perform. These two elements may be related, as, for example, in the case
of a servicer that does not provide adequate credit-review scrutiny to the serviced portfolio, leading to higher incidence of defaults. Interest rate risk arises for the issuer from the relationship
between the pricing terms on the underlying collateral and the rate paid to holders of the ABS and from the need to mark to market the excess servicing or spread account proceeds carried on the
balance sheet. For the holder of the ABS, interest rate risk depends on the expected life of the ABS which may depend on prepayments on the underlying assets or the occurrence of wind-down
or termination events. Market risk arises from the cash flow characteristics of the security, which for most ABS tend to be predictable. The greatest variability in cash flows generally comes from
credit performance, including the presence of wind-down or acceleration features designed to protect the purchaser in the event that credit losses in the portfolio rise well above expected
levels.
CDO debt securities are subject to the risk that the collateral underlying the CDOs are insufficient to make payments on the CDO securities.
We invest in investment grade and non-investment grade CDOs. CDO debt securities rely on distributions of the collateral underlying the CDO. Interest
payments on CDO debt (other than the most senior tranche or tranches of a given issue) are generally subject to deferral without causing an event of default or permitting exercise of remedies by the
holders thereof. If distributions on the collateral of the CDO or proceeds of such collateral are insufficient to make payments on the CDO debt securities we hold, no other assets will be available
for payment of the deficiency. In addition, CDO securities are generally privately placed and typically offer less liquidity than other investment-grade or high-yield corporate debt.
Total rate of return swaps are subject to risks related to changes in interest rates, credit spreads, credit quality and expected recovery rates of the underlying credit
instrument as well as renewal risks.
We enter into total rate of return swaps ("TRS") to finance certain of our investments. TRS are subject to risks related to changes in interest rates, credit
spreads, credit quality and expected recovery rates of the underlying credit instrument as well as renewal risks. A TRS agreement is a two-party contract under which an agreement is made
to exchange returns from predetermined investments or instruments. TRS allow investors to gain exposure to an underlying credit instrument without actually owning the credit instrument. In these
swaps, the total return (interest, fixed fees and capital gains/
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losses
on an underlying credit instrument) is paid to an investor in exchange for a floating rate payment. The investor advances a portion of the notional amount of the TRS which serves as collateral
for the TRS counterparty. The TRS, therefore, is a leveraged investment in the underlying credit instrument. The gross returns to be exchanged or "swapped" between the parties are calculated based on
a "notional amount," which is valued monthly to determine each party's obligation under the contract. We recognize all cash flows received (paid) or receivable (payable) from swap transactions,
together with the change in the market value of the underlying credit instrument, on a net basis as realized or unrealized gains or losses in our consolidated statement of operations. We are charged a
finance cost by counterparties with respect to each agreement. The finance cost is reported as part of the realized or unrealized gains or losses. Because swap maturities may not correspond with the
maturities of the credit instruments underlying the swap, we may wish to renew many of the swaps as they mature. However, there is a limited number of providers of such swaps, and there is no
assurance the initial swap providers will choose to renew the swaps, and, if they do not renew, that we would be able to obtain suitable replacement providers.
Credit default swaps are subject to risks related to changes in credit spreads, credit quality and expected recovery rates of the underlying credit instrument.
Credit default swaps ("CDS") are subject to risks related to changes in interest rates, credit spreads, credit quality and expected recovery rates of the
underlying credit instrument. A CDS is a contract in which the contract buyer pays, in the case of a short position, or receives, in the case of a long position, a periodic premium until the contract
expires or a credit event occurs. In return for this premium, the contract seller receives a payment from, in the case of a short position, or makes a payment to, in the case of a long position, the
buyer if there is a credit default or other specified credit event with respect to the issuer of the underlying credit instrument referenced in the CDS.
Our dependence on the management of other entities may adversely affect our business.
We do not control the management, investment decisions or operations of the enterprises in which we invest. Management of those enterprises may decide to change
the nature of their assets, or management may otherwise change in a manner that is not satisfactory to us. We typically have no ability to affect these management decisions and we may have only
limited ability to dispose of our investments.
Due diligence conducted by our Manager may not reveal all of the risks of the businesses in which we invest.
Before making an investment in a business entity, our Manager typically assesses the strength and skills of the entity's management and other factors that it
believes will determine the success of the investment. In making the assessment and otherwise conducting due diligence, our Manager relies on the resources available to it and, in some cases, an
investigation by third parties. This process is particularly important and subjective with respect to newly organized entities because there may be little or no information publicly available about
the entities. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that this due diligence processes will uncover all relevant facts or that any investment will be successful. In addition, we may pursue investments
without obtaining access to confidential information otherwise in the possession of KKR or one of its affiliates, which information, if reviewed, might otherwise impact our judgment with respect to
such investments.
A prolonged economic slowdown, a recession or declining real estate and/or enterprise values could impair our investments and harm our operating results.
Many of our investments may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions, which could lead to financial losses in our investments and a decrease in revenues
and assets. An economic slowdown or recession, in addition to other non-economic factors such as an excess supply of
21
properties,
could have a material negative impact on the values of our investments, including commercial real estate, residential real estate properties, and corporate enterprise valuation multiples.
If residential and/or commercial real estate property values decrease materially it may cause borrowers to default on their mortgages or negotiate more favorable terms and conditions on their
mortgages. As a result, we may realize losses related to foreclosures or to the restructuring of our mortgage loans, and the mortgage loans that back the mortgage-backed securities, in our investment
portfolio. An economic slowdown or recession may also decrease the enterprise values of our corporate investments, and in the event of default we may incur greater losses than anticipated as a result
of decreased enterprise values. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our financing costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit
to us. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
Many of our investments are illiquid and we may not be able to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions.
The securities that we purchase in privately negotiated transactions are not registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a prohibition against
their transfer, sale, pledge or other disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the registration requirements of, or is otherwise in accordance with, those laws. A majority of the
mortgage-backed securities that we own are traded in private, unregistered transactions and are therefore subject to restrictions on resale or otherwise have no established trading market. As a
result, our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our
portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded our investments. Furthermore, we may face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an
investment in a business entity to the extent that we or our Manager has or could be attributed with material non-public information regarding such business entity.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Shares
Certain provisions of our operating agreement will make it difficult for third parties to acquire control of us and could deprive holders of our shares of the opportunity to
obtain a takeover premium for their shares.
Our operating agreement contains a number of provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or may discourage a third party from
acquiring, control of us. These provisions include, among others:
-
-
restrictions
on our ability to enter into certain transactions with major holders of our shares modeled on the limitation contained in Section 203 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law ("DGCL");
-
-
allowing
only our board of directors to fill newly created directorships;
-
-
requiring
that directors may be removed only for cause (as defined in the operating agreement) and then only by a vote of at least two-thirds of the votes
entitled to be cast in the election of directors;
-
-
requiring
advance notice for holders of our shares to nominate candidates for election to our board of directors or to propose matters to be considered by holders of our
shares at a meeting of holders of our shares;
-
-
our
ability to issue additional securities, including, but not limited to, preferred shares, without approval by holders of our shares;
-
-
a
prohibition on any person directly or indirectly owning more than 9.8% in value or number of our shares, whichever is more restrictive;
22
-
-
the
ability of our board of directors to amend the operating agreement without approval of the holders of our shares except under certain specified circumstances; and
-
-
limitations
on the ability of holders of our shares to call special meetings of holders of our shares or to act by written consent.
These
provisions, as well as other provisions in the operating agreement, may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might otherwise result in holders of our
shares obtaining a takeover premium for their shares.
Certain
provisions of the Management Agreement also could make it more difficult for third parties to acquire control of us by various means, including limitations on our right to
terminate the Management Agreement and a requirement that, under certain circumstances, we make a substantial payment to the Manager in the event of a termination.
We may issue additional debt and equity securities which are senior to our common shares as to distributions and upon our dissolution, which could materially adversely affect
the market price of our shares.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by entering into additional debt or debt-like financings that are secured by all or
some of our assets, or issuing debt or equity securities, which could include issuances of secured liquidity notes, medium-term notes, senior notes, subordinated notes or preferred and
common shares. In the event of our dissolution, our lenders and holders of our debt securities would receive a distribution of our available assets before distributions to holders of our common or
preferred shares. Any preferred shares may have a preference over our common shares with respect to distributions and upon dissolution, which could further limit our ability to make distributions to
holders of our common shares. Because our decision to incur debt and issue shares in any future offerings will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or
estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings or our future debt and equity financings. Further, market conditions could require us to accept less favorable terms for the issuance of
our securities in the future. Accordingly, holders of our shares and of any securities we may issue whose value is linked to the value of our shares will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing
the value of their shares or any such other securities and diluting their interest in us. In addition, we can change our leverage strategy and investment policies from time to time without approval of
holders of any of our shares, which could adversely affect the market price of our shares.
An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares.
One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell our shares is the distributions we make to holders of our shares as a percentage
of our share price relative to market interest rates. If the market price of our shares is based primarily on the earnings and the return that we derive from our investments and our related
distributions to holders of our shares, and not from the market value of the investments themselves, then interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions will likely affect the market price
of our shares. For instance, if market rates rise without an increase in the distribution rate on our shares, the market price of our shares could decrease as potential investors may invest in
alternative securities paying higher distributions or interest. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting
cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and pay distributions to holders of our shares and may also adversely impact the value of our investment portfolio.
Our board of directors has broad authority to change many of the terms of our shares without the approval of holders of our shares.
Our operating agreement gives our board of directors broad authority to effect amendments to the provisions of our operating agreement that could change many of
the terms of our shares without the
23
consent
of holders of our shares. As a result, our board of directors may, without the approval of holders of our shares, make changes to many of the terms of our shares that are adverse to the
holders of our shares.
While we intend to make regular cash distributions to holders of our common shares, our board of directors has full authority and discretion over distributions on our shares
and it may decide to reduce or eliminate distributions at any time, which may adversely affect the market price for our shares and any other securities we may issue.
Although we currently intend to pursue a policy of paying regular cash distributions on our common shares, our board of directors has full authority and
discretion to determine whether or not a distribution will be declared and paid, and the amount and timing of any distribution that may be paid, to holders of our common shares and (unless otherwise
provided by our board of directors if and when it establishes the terms of any new class or series of our shares) any other class or series of shares we may issue in the future. Our board of directors
may, based on its review of our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and other factors it deems relevant, determine to reduce or eliminate distributions on our common shares and
(unless otherwise so provided by our board of directors) any
other class or series of shares we may issue in the future, which may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common shares, any such other shares and any other securities we may
issue. In addition, in computing U.S. federal income tax liability for a taxable year, each holder of our shares will be required to take into account its allocable share of items of our income, gain,
loss, deduction and credit for our taxable year ending within or with such holder's taxable year, regardless of whether such holder has received any distributions. As a result, it is possible that a
holder's U.S. federal income tax liability with respect to its allocable share of these items in a particular taxable year could exceed the cash distributions received by such holder.
In
addition, as discussed above under "Risks Related to our Organization and StructureThe terms of our indebtedness may restrict our ability to make future
distributions and impose limitations on our current and future operations," our credit facility includes covenants that could restrict our ability to make distributions on, and to redeem or
repurchase, our shares, including a prohibition on distributions on, and redemptions and repurchases of, our shares if an event of default, or certain events that with notice or passage of time or
both would constitute an event of default, under the credit facility occur and a requirement that we maintain a specified minimum level of consolidated tangible net worth.
Risks Related to Our Management and Our Relationship with Our Manager
We are highly dependent on our Manager and may not find a suitable replacement if our Manager terminates the Management Agreement.
We have no employees. Our Manager, and its officers and employees, allocate a portion of their time to businesses and activities that are not related to, or
affiliated with, us and, accordingly, do not spend all of their time managing our activities and our investment portfolio. We expect that the portion of our Manager's time that is allocated to other
businesses and activities will increase in the future as our Manager and KKR expand their investment focus to include additional investment vehicles, including vehicles which compete more directly
with us, which time allocations may be material. We have no separate facilities and are completely reliant on our Manager, which has significant discretion as to the implementation and execution of
our business and investment strategies and our risk management practices. We are also subject to the risk that our Manager will terminate the Management Agreement and that no suitable replacement will
be found. We believe that our success depends to a significant extent upon the experience of our Manager's executive officers, whose continued service is not guaranteed.
24
The departure of any of the senior management and investment professionals of our Manager or the loss of our access to KKR's senior management and investment professionals may
adversely affect our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
We depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of the senior management and investment professionals of our Manager. We also depend on our
Manager's access to the investment professionals and senior management of KKR and the information and deal flow generated by the KKR investment professionals and senior management during the normal
course of their investment and portfolio management activities. The senior management and the investment professionals of our Manager evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor our investments.
Our future success will depend on the continued service of the senior management team and investment professionals of our Manager. The departure of any of the senior management or investment
professionals of our Manager, or of a significant number of the investment professionals or senior management of KKR, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment
objectives. In addition, we can offer no assurance that our Manager will remain our Manager or that we will continue to have access to KKR's investment professionals or senior management or KKR's
information and deal flow.
If our Manager ceases to be our manager pursuant to the Management Agreement, financial institutions providing our credit facilities may not provide future financing to us.
The financial institutions that finance our investments pursuant to our repurchase agreements, warehouse facilities and our revolving credit facility may require
that our Manager continue to manage our operations pursuant to the Management Agreement as a condition to making continued advances to us under these credit facilities. Additionally, if our Manager
ceases to be our manager, each of these financial institutions under these credit facilities may terminate their facility and their obligation to advance funds to us in order to finance our current
and future investments. If our Manager ceases to be our manager for any reason and we are not able to continue to obtain financing under these or suitable replacement credit facilities, our growth may
be limited or we may be forced to sell our investments at a loss.
Our Manager has limited experience in managing a specialty finance company, and our investment focus differs from those of most other KKR funds.
Even though our Manager is affiliated with KKR, our investment focus as a specialty finance company differs from that of other entities that are or have been
managed by KKR investment professionals. In particular, no entity managed by KKR has executed a business strategy that focuses primarily on investing in debt and debt-like instruments. Our
investors are not acquiring an interest in any of KKR's private equity funds and the returns that are realized by our investors may be materially different than the returns realized by investors in
KKR's private equity funds.
Our board of directors has approved very broad Investment Guidelines for our Manager and does not approve individual investment decisions made by our Manager except in limited
circumstances.
Our Manager is authorized to follow very broad Investment Guidelines and, as described above, in connection with the conversion transaction, these Investment
Guidelines were revised to provide even greater latitude to our Manager with respect to certain matters relating to transactions with our affiliates. Our directors periodically review and approve our
Investment Guidelines. Our board of directors does not approve any individual investments, other than approving a limited set of transactions with affiliates that require the pre-approval
of the Affiliated Transactions Committee of our board of directors. Furthermore, transactions entered into by our Manager may be difficult or impossible to terminate or unwind. Our Manager has
material latitude within the broad parameters of the Investment Policies in determining the types of assets it may decide are proper investments for us.
25
The incentive fee provided for under the Management Agreement may induce our Manager to make certain investments, including speculative investments.
The management compensation structure to which we have agreed with our Manager may cause our Manager to invest in high risk investments or take other risks. In
addition to its base management fee, our Manager is entitled to receive incentive compensation based in part upon our achievement of specified levels of net income. In evaluating investments and other
management strategies, the opportunity to earn incentive compensation based on net income may lead our Manager to place undue emphasis on the maximization of net income at the expense of other
criteria, such as preservation of capital, maintaining sufficient liquidity, and/or management of credit risk or market risk, in order to achieve higher incentive compensation. Investments with higher
yield potential are generally riskier or more speculative. In addition, the Compensation Committee of our board of directors may make grants of options and restricted shares to our Manager in the
future and the factors considered by the Compensation Committee in making these grants may include performance-related factors which may also induce our Manager to make investments that are riskier or
more speculative. This could result in increased risk to the value of our investment portfolio.
There are various potential conflicts of interest in our relationship with our Manager and its affiliates, including KKR, which could result in decisions that are not in the
best interests of holders of our shares.
We are subject to potential conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with our Manager and its affiliates. As of February 1, 2008, our Manager
and its affiliates collectively owned approximately 12.3% of our outstanding common shares on a fully diluted basis. Saturnino S. Fanlo, our chief executive officer, and David A. Netjes, our chief
operating officer, also serve in those capacities for our Manager and as of February 1, 2008 beneficially owned approximately 1.7% and 1.3% of our outstanding common shares on a fully diluted
basis, respectively. In addition, as of February 1, 2008 our chairman, Paul M. Hazen, who serves as a member of our Manager's investment committee, and one of our directors, Scott C. Nuttall,
who serves as a member of our Manager's investment committee and is an executive at KKR, beneficially owned approximately 0.9% and 0.7% of our outstanding common shares on a fully diluted basis,
respectively. For purposes of computing the percentage of shares of our outstanding common shares beneficially owned as of February 1, 2008 by any person or persons on a fully diluted basis, we
define beneficial ownership to include securities actually owned by a person or persons and securities over which that person or persons have or share voting or dispositive control, and we have based
that calculation on our common shares and options to purchase our common shares outstanding as of February 1, 2008 and have assumed the exercise of all options to purchase our common shares
beneficially owned by such person or persons, as the case may be. In addition, as of February 1, 2008, KKR and Messrs. Fanlo and Netjes owned 65%, 21% and 14%, respectively, of KKR
Financial LLC, the parent of our Manager. Our management agreement with our Manager was negotiated between related parties, and its terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable to us
as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. Pursuant to the management agreement, our Manager will not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for
thereunder and will not be responsible for any action of our board of directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. The management agreement provides that our Manager,
its members, managers, officers and employees will not be liable to us, any subsidiary of ours, our directors, holders of our shares or any subsidiary's shareholders for acts or omissions pursuant to
or in accordance with the management agreement, except by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties under the management
agreement. Pursuant to the management agreement, we have agreed to indemnify our Manager and its members, managers, officers and employees and each person controlling our Manager with respect to all
expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts or omissions of such indemnified party not constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence,
26
or
reckless disregard of duties, performed in good faith in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement.
Affiliates of our Manager and KKR compete with us and there may be conflicts arising from allocation of investment opportunities.
Our management agreement with our Manager does not prevent our Manager and its affiliates from engaging in additional management or investment opportunities.
While the management agreement
generally restricts our Manager and its affiliates from raising, sponsoring or advising any new investment fund, company or other entity, including a REIT, that invests primarily in domestic
mortgage-backed securities, this restriction is of significantly less significance now that the Restructuring Transaction has been completed, as we have not elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S.
federal income tax purposes and therefore will not be limited to investing in assets that would be qualifying assets for a REIT under the Code. In addition, the management agreement provides that, for
purposes of the foregoing limitation, any portfolio company of any private equity fund controlled by KKR shall not be deemed to be an affiliate of our Manager. As a result, our Manager and its
affiliates, including KKR, currently are engaged in and may in the future engage in management or investment opportunities that have overlapping objectives with us. In particular, affiliates of our
Manager currently manage a separate investment fund that invests in the same non-mortgage-backed securities investments that we invest in, including other fixed income investments and KKR
private equity investments. With respect to this entity and any other competing entities established in the future, our Manager and its affiliates will face conflicts in the allocation of investment
opportunities. Such allocation is at the discretion of our Manager, and there is no guarantee that this allocation would be made in the best interests of holders of our shares or any other securities
we may issue.
Certain of our investments may create a conflict of interest with KKR and other affiliates.
Subject to complying with our Investment Policies, a core element of our business strategy is that our Manager will at times cause us to invest in corporate
leveraged loans, high-yield securities and equity securities of companies affiliated with KKR, provided that such investments meet our requirements. To the extent KKR is the owner of a
majority of the outstanding equity securities of such companies, KKR may have the ability to elect all of the members of the board of directors of a company we invest in and thereby control its
policies and operations, including the appointment of management, future issuances of shares or other securities, the payments of dividends, if any, on its shares, the incurrence of debt by it,
amendments to its certificate of incorporation and bylaws and entering into extraordinary transactions, and KKR's interests may not in all cases be aligned with the interests of the holders of the
securities which we own. In addition, KKR may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in their judgment, could enhance their equity investment, even though
such transactions might involve risks to holders of indebtedness. For example, KKR could cause a company in which we invest to make acquisitions that increase its indebtedness or to sell revenue
generating assets. In addition, with respect to companies in which we have an equity investment, to the extent that KKR is the controlling shareholder it may be able to determine the outcome of all
matters requiring shareholder approval and will generally be able to cause or prevent a change of control of a company we invest in or a change in the composition of its board of directors and could
preclude any unsolicited acquisition of that company regardless as to whether we agree with such determination. So long as KKR continues to own a significant amount of the voting power of a company we
invest in, even if such amount is less than 50%, it will continue to influence strongly, or effectively control, that company's decisions. Our interests with respect to the management, investment
decisions, or operations of those companies may at times be in conflict with those of KKR. In addition, to the extent that affiliates of our Manager or KKR invest in companies in which we have an
investment, similar conflicts between our interests and theirs may arise.
27
We compete with other investment entities affiliated with KKR for access to KKR's investment professionals.
KKR and its affiliates manage several private equity funds, and we believe that KKR and its affiliates will establish and manage other investment entities in the
future. Certain of these investment entities have, and any newly created entities may have, an investment focus similar to our focus, and as a result we compete with those entities and will compete
with any such newly created entities for access to the benefits that our relationship with KKR provides to us. Since our formation, we have entered into several private equity investments pursuant to
which we have co-invested alongside KKR private equity funds. Our ability to continue to engage in these types of opportunities in the future depends, to a significant extent, on the
contractual obligations that KKR has to the limited partners of its private equity funds with respect to co-investment opportunities as well as on competing demands for these investment
opportunities by other investment entities established by KKR and its affiliates. To the extent that we and other KKR affiliated entities or related parties compete for investment opportunities, there
can be no assurances that we will get the best of those opportunities or that the performance of the investments allocated to us, even within the same asset classes, will perform as favorably as those
allocated to others.
Termination by us of the management agreement with our Manager is difficult and costly.
The management agreement expires on December 31 of each year, but is automatically renewed for a one-year term on each December 31
unless terminated upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of our independent directors, or by a vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding common shares, based upon
(i) unsatisfactory performance by our Manager that is materially detrimental to us or (ii) a determination that the management fee payable to our Manager is not fair, subject to our
Manager's right to prevent such a termination under this clause (ii) by accepting a mutually acceptable reduction of management fees. Our Manager must be provided with 180 days' prior
written notice of any such termination and will be paid a termination fee equal to four times the sum of the average annual base management fee and the average annual incentive fee for the two
12-month periods immediately preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination. These provisions
would result in substantial cost to us if we terminate the management agreement, thereby adversely affecting our ability to terminate our Manager.
Our access to confidential information may restrict our ability to take action with respect to some investments, which, in turn, may negatively affect our results of
operations.
We, directly or through our Manager, may obtain confidential information about the companies in which we have invested or may invest. If we do possess
confidential information about such companies, there may be restrictions on our ability to make, dispose of, increase the amount of, or otherwise take action with respect to, an investment in those
companies. Our relationship with KKR could create a conflict of interest to the extent our Manager becomes aware of inside information concerning investments or potential investment targets. We have
implemented compliance procedures and practices designed to ensure that inside information is not used for making investment decisions on our behalf. We cannot assure you, however, that these
procedures and practices will be effective. In addition, this conflict and these procedures and practices may limit the freedom of our Manager to make potentially profitable investments, which could
have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Conversely, we may pursue investments without obtaining access to confidential information otherwise in the possession of KKR or one of its
affiliates, which information, if reviewed, might otherwise impact our judgment with respect to such investments.
28
Our Manager's liability is limited under the management agreement, and we have agreed to indemnify our Manager against certain liabilities.
Pursuant to the management agreement, our Manager will not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for thereunder in good faith and
will not be responsible for any action of our board of directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. Our Manager and its members, managers, officers and employees will
not be liable to us, any subsidiary of ours, our directors, our shareholders or any subsidiary's shareholders for acts or omissions pursuant to or performed in accordance with the management
agreement, except by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties under the management agreement. Pursuant to the management
agreement, we have agreed to indemnify our Manager and its members, managers, officers and employees and each person controlling our Manager with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities,
demands, charges and claims arising from acts or omissions of such indemnified party not constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties, performed in
good faith in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement.
Tax Risks
If we fail to satisfy the "qualifying income exception," all of our income will be subject to an entity-level tax, which could result in a material reduction in cash flow and
after-tax return for holders of our shares and thus could result in a substantial reduction in the value of our shares and any other securities we may issue.
We intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a partnership, and not as an association or a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation, for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. In general, if a partnership is "publicly traded" (as defined in the Code), it will be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income purposes. A publicly traded
partnership will, however, be taxed as a partnership, and not as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, so long as it is not required to register under the Investment Company Act and at
least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year constitutes "qualifying income" within the meaning of Section 7704(d) of the Code. We refer to this exception as the "qualifying income
exception." Qualifying income generally includes rents, dividends, interest (to the extent such interest is neither derived from the "conduct of a financial or insurance business" nor based, directly
or indirectly, upon "income or profits" of any person), and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks, bonds and real property. Qualifying income also includes other income derived
from the business of investing in, among other things, stocks and securities.
If
we fail to satisfy the "qualifying income exception" described above, items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit would not pass through to holders of our shares and such
holders would be treated for U.S. federal (and certain state and local) income tax purposes as shareholders in a corporation. In such case, we would be required to pay income tax at regular corporate
rates on all of our income. In addition, we would likely be liable for state and local income and/or franchise taxes on all of our income. Distributions to holders of our shares would constitute
ordinary dividend income taxable to such holders to the extent of our earnings and profits, and these distributions would not be deductible by us. If we were taxable as a corporation, it could result
in a material reduction in cash flow and after-tax return for holders of our shares and thus could result in a substantial reduction in the value of our shares and any other securities we
may issue.
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We could incur a significant tax liability if the IRS successfully asserts that the "anti-stapling" rules apply to our investments in the REIT Subsidiary,
KFH II and certain of our foreign CDO issuers, which could result in a reduction in cash flow and after-tax return for holders of shares and thus could result in a reduction of the
value of those shares.
If we were subject to the "anti-stapling" rules of Section 269B of the Code, we would incur a significant tax liability as a result of owning
(i) more than 50% of the value of both a domestic corporate subsidiary and a foreign corporate subsidiary (such as a foreign CDO issuer), or (ii) more than 50% of both a REIT and a
domestic or foreign corporate subsidiary. If the "anti-stapling" rules applied, our foreign corporate subsidiaries, including foreign CDO issuers that are treated as corporations for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, would be treated as domestic corporations, which would cause those entities to be subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxation, and the REIT
Subsidiary, KFH II and the foreign CDO issuers would be treated as a single entity for purposes of the REIT qualification requirements, which likely would result in the REIT Subsidiary and
KFH II failing to qualify as REITs and being subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxation. Because we own, or are treated as owning, a substantial proportion of our assets directly
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we do not believe that the "anti-stapling" rules will apply. However, there can be no assurance that the IRS would not successfully assert a
contrary position, which could result in a reduction in cash flow and after-tax return for holders of shares and thus could result in a reduction of the value of those shares.
Because we are not taxed as a REIT, we are not subject to the same distribution requirements to which our predecessor, the REIT Subsidiary, was subject and therefore we may
distribute a lower percentage of our taxable income to the holders of our shares.
As a REIT, the REIT Subsidiary was required to distribute at least 90% of its taxable income (subject to certain adjustments) to its shareholders each year in
order to maintain its status as a REIT. Because we are not taxed as a REIT, we are not subject to the 90% distribution requirement and our board of directors may therefore determine to distribute a
smaller amount of any taxable income we generate to holders of our shares than we would be required to distribute if we were taxed as a REIT.
Holders of our shares will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their share of our taxable income, regardless of whether or when they receive any cash distributions
from us, and may recognize income in excess of our cash distributions.
We intend to continue to operate so as to qualify, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as a partnership and not as an association or a publicly traded
partnership taxable as a corporation. Holders of our shares are subject to U.S. federal income taxation and, in some cases, state, local and foreign income taxation, on their allocable share of
our taxable income, regardless of whether or when they receive cash distributions. In addition, certain of our investments, including investments in foreign CDO issuers and debt securities, may
produce taxable income without corresponding distributions of cash to us or produce taxable income prior to or following the receipt of cash relating to such income. In addition, we may engage in
other transactions, such as the sale of all or part of the common shares of the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II and the sale of all or part of the assets of the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II, as
part of our strategy of allocating more capital to non-real estate-related investments. Furthermore, in the event that we sell part or all of the common stock of the REIT Subsidiary and
recognize a taxable gain, holders of our common shares who exchanged their the REIT Subsidiary common stock for our common shares in the Restructuring Transaction will recognize part or all,
respectively, of any such taxable gain that was deferred at the time of the Restructuring Transaction without a corresponding distribution of cash from us. Consequently, in some taxable years, holders
of our common shares may recognize taxable income in excess of our cash distributions, and in some
30
circumstances,
may not receive cash distributions equal to their tax liability attributable to their allocation of our taxable income.
The ability of holders of our shares to deduct certain expenses incurred by us may be limited.
In general, expenses incurred by us that are considered "miscellaneous itemized deductions" may be deducted by a holder of our shares that is an individual,
estate or trust only to the extent that such holder's allocable share of those expenses, along with the holder's other miscellaneous itemized deductions, exceed, in the aggregate, 2% of such holder's
adjusted gross income. In addition, these expenses are also not deductible in determining the alternative minimum tax liability of a holder. There are also limitations on the deductibility of itemized
deductions by individuals whose adjusted gross income exceeds a specified amount, adjusted annually for inflation. We anticipate that management fees that we pay to our Manager and certain other
expenses incurred by us will constitute miscellaneous itemized deductions. A holder's inability to deduct all or a portion of such expenses could result in an amount of taxable income to such holder
with respect to us that exceeds the amount of cash actually distributed to such holder for the year.
Holders of our shares may recognize a greater taxable gain (or a smaller tax loss) on a disposition of our shares than expected because of the treatment of debt under the
partnership tax accounting rules.
We will incur debt for a variety of reasons, including for acquisitions as well as other purposes. Under partnership tax accounting principles (which apply to
us), our debt is generally allocable to holders of our shares, who will realize the benefit of including their allocable share of the debt in the tax basis of their shares. The tax basis in our shares
will be adjusted for, among other things, distributions of cash and allocations of our losses, if any. At the time a holder of our shares later sells its shares, the holder's amount realized on the
sale will include not only the sales price of the shares but also will include such holder's portion of debt allocable to those shares (which is treated as proceeds from the sale of those shares).
Depending on the nature of our activities after having incurred the debt, and the utilization of the borrowed funds, a later sale of our shares could result in a larger taxable gain (or a smaller tax
loss) than anticipated.
Tax-exempt holders of our shares will likely recognize significant amounts of "unrelated business taxable income," the amount of which may be material.
An organization that is otherwise exempt from U.S. federal income tax is nonetheless subject to taxation with respect to its "unrelated business taxable
income" ("UBTI"). Because we have incurred "acquisition indebtedness" with respect to certain equity and debt securities we hold (either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries that are treated as
partnerships or disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a proportionate share of a holder's income from us with respect to such securities will be treated as UBTI. Accordingly,
tax-exempt holders of our shares will likely recognize significant amounts of UBTI. For certain types of tax-exempt entities, the receipt of any UBTI might have extremely
adverse consequences. For example, for a charitable remainder trust, the receipt of any such taxable income during a taxable year results in the taxation of all of the trust's income from all sources
for such year. Tax-exempt holders of our shares are strongly urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of owning our shares.
There can be no assurance that the IRS will not assert successfully that some portion of our income is properly treated as effectively connected income with respect to
non-U.S. holders of our shares.
While it is expected that our method of operation will not result in the generation of significant amounts of income treated as effectively connected with the
conduct of a U.S. trade or business with respect to non-U.S. holders of our shares, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not assert successfully that some portion of our income is
properly treated as effectively connected income with
31
respect
to such non-U.S. holders. To the extent our income is treated as effectively connected income, non-U.S. holders generally would be required to (i) file a
U.S. federal income tax return for such year reporting their allocable portion, if any, of our income or loss effectively connected with such trade or business and (ii) pay
U.S. federal income tax at regular U.S. tax rates on any such income. Non-U.S. holders that are corporations also would be required to pay branch profits tax at a 30% rate (or lower
rate provided by applicable treaty).
Although we anticipate that our foreign corporate subsidiaries will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis, no assurance can be given that such
subsidiaries will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis in any given taxable year.
We anticipate that our foreign corporate subsidiaries, including our foreign CDO issuers that are taxed as corporations for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, will generally continue to conduct their activities in such a way as not to be deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business and not to be subject to U.S. federal income tax. There
can be no assurance, however, that our foreign corporate subsidiaries will not pursue investments or engage in activities that may cause them to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. Moreover, there
can be no assurance that as a result of any change in applicable law, treaty, rule or regulation or interpretation thereof, the activities of any of our foreign corporate subsidiaries would not become
subject to U.S. federal income tax. Further, there can be no assurance that unanticipated activities of our foreign subsidiaries would not cause such subsidiaries to become subject to
U.S. federal income tax. If any of our foreign corporate subsidiaries became subject to U.S. federal income tax (including the U.S. branch profits tax), it would significantly reduce the
amount of cash available for distribution to us, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of our shares and any other securities we may issue. Our foreign corporate subsidiaries are
generally not expected to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis, and such subsidiaries may receive income that is subject to withholding taxes imposed by the United States or
other countries.
Certain of our investments may subject us to U.S. federal income tax and could have negative tax consequences for our shareholders.
A portion of our distributions likely will constitute "excess inclusion income." Excess inclusion income is generated by residual interests in Real Estate
Mortgage Investment Conduits ("REMICs") and taxable mortgage pool arrangements owned by REITs. We own through a disregarded entity a small number of REMIC residual interests. In addition,
KFH II has entered into financing arrangements that may be treated as taxable mortgage pools. We will be taxable at the highest corporate income tax rate on any excess inclusion income from a
REMIC residual interest that is allocable to the percentage of our shares held in record name by disqualified organizations. Although the law is not clear, we may also be subject to that tax if the
excess inclusion income arises from a taxable mortgage pool arrangement owned by a REIT in which we invest. Disqualified organizations are generally certain cooperatives, governmental entities and
tax-exempt organizations that are exempt from unrelated business taxable income (including certain state pension plans and charitable remainder trusts). They are permitted to own our
shares. Because this tax would be imposed on us, all of our investors, including investors that are not disqualified organizations, would bear a portion of the tax cost associated with our ownership
of REMIC residual interests and with the classification of any of our REIT subsidiaries or a portion of the assets of any of our REIT subsidiaries as a taxable mortgage pool. A regulated investment
company or other pass-through entity owning our shares may also be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on any excess inclusion income allocated to their record name owners that
are disqualified organizations. Nominees who hold our shares on behalf of disqualified organizations also potentially may be subject to this tax.
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Excess
inclusion income cannot be offset by losses of our shareholders. If the shareholder is a tax-exempt entity and not a disqualified organization, then this income would
be fully taxable as unrelated business taxable income under Section 512 of the Code. If the shareholder is a foreign person, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding on
this income without reduction or exemption pursuant to any otherwise applicable income tax treaty.
Dividends paid by, or certain income inclusions derived with respect to, our ownership of, foreign corporate subsidiaries, the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II will not
qualify for the reduced tax rates generally applicable to corporate dividends paid to taxpayers taxed at individual rates.
Tax legislation enacted in 2003 and 2006 reduced the maximum U.S. federal income tax rate on certain corporate dividends payable to taxpayers taxed at
individual rates to 15% through 2010. Dividends payable by, or certain income inclusions derived with respect to the ownership of, passive foreign investment companies ("PFICs"), certain controlled
foreign corporations ("CFCs"), and REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates. We have treated and intend to continue to
treat our foreign corporate subsidiaries, including our foreign CDO issuers taxed as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as the type of CFCs whose income inclusions are not
eligible for lower tax rates on dividend income. Although this legislation does not generally change the taxation of our foreign corporate subsidiaries and REITs, the more favorable rates applicable
to regular corporate dividends could cause investors taxed at individual rates to perceive investments in PFICs, CFCs or REITs, or in companies such as us, a substantial portion of whose holdings are
in foreign corporations and REITs, to be relatively less attractive than holdings in the stocks of non-CFC, non-PFIC and non-REIT corporations that pay dividends,
which could adversely affect the value of our shares and any other securities we may issue.
Ownership limitations in the operating agreement that apply so long as we own an interest in a REIT, such as the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II, may restrict a change of
control in which our holders might receive a premium for their shares.
In order for the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II to continue to qualify as REITs, no more than 50% in value of their outstanding capital stock may be owned,
directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals during the last half of any calendar year and their shares must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a
taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. "Individuals" for this purpose include natural persons, private foundations, some employee benefit plans and
trusts, and some charitable trusts. We intend for the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II to be owned, directly or indirectly, by us and by holders of the preferred shares issued by the REIT Subsidiary
and KFH II. In order to preserve the REIT status of the REIT Subsidiary, KFH II and any future REIT subsidiary, the operating agreement generally prohibits any person from directly or
indirectly owning more than 9.8% in value or in number of our shares, whichever is more restrictive. This restriction may be terminated by our board of directors if it determines that it is no longer
in our best interests for the REIT Subsidiary, KFH II or any other REIT subsidiary to continue to qualify as a REIT under the Code or that compliance with those restrictions is no longer
required, and our board of directors may also, in its sole discretion, exempt a person from this restriction.
The
ownership limitation could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction in which holders of our shares might receive a premium for their shares over the then
prevailing market price or which holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interests.
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The failure of the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II to qualify as REITs would generally cause them to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their taxable income,
which could result in a material reduction in cash flow and after-tax return for holders of our shares and thus could result in a reduction of the value of those shares and any other
securities we may issue.
We intend that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II will continue to operate in a manner so as to qualify to be taxed as REITs for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. No ruling from the IRS, however, has been or will be sought with regard to the treatment of the REIT Subsidiary or KFH II as REITs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and their
ability to qualify as REITs depends on their satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no
assurance can be given that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II will satisfy such requirements for any particular taxable year. If the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II were to fail to qualify as
REITs in any taxable year, they would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on their net taxable income at regular corporate rates, and
distributions would not be deductible by them in computing its taxable income. Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and could materially reduce the amount of cash available for
distribution to us, which in turn would materially reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to holders of our shares and could have an adverse impact on the value of those shares and any
other securities we may issue. Unless entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable
years following the year during which they ceased to qualify as REITs.
Complying with certain tax-related requirements may cause us and our two REIT subsidiaries, the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II, to forego otherwise attractive
business or investment opportunities.
To be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and not as an association or publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation, we
must satisfy the qualifying income exception, which requires that at least 90% of our gross income each taxable year consist of interest, dividends, capital gains and other types of "qualifying
income." Interest income will not be qualifying income for the qualifying income exception if it is derived from "the conduct of a financial or insurance business." This requirement limits our ability
to originate loans or acquire loans originated by our Manager and its affiliates. In addition, we intend to operate so as to avoid generating a significant amount of income that is treated as
effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business with respect to non-U.S. holders. In order to comply with these requirements, we (or our subsidiaries) may be required to
invest through foreign or domestic corporations or forego attractive business or investment opportunities. Thus, compliance with these requirements may adversely affect our return on our investments
and results of operations.
In
addition, to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our REIT subsidiaries must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of their
income, the nature and diversification of their assets, the amounts they distribute to their stockholders and the ownership of their stock. In order to meet these tests, our REIT subsidiaries may be
required to forego attractive
business or investment opportunities. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may adversely affect our REIT subsidiaries return on their investments and results of operations.
The IRS Schedules K-1 we will provide will be significantly more complicated than the IRS Forms 1099 provided by REITs and regular corporations, and
holders of our shares may be required to request an extension of the time to file their tax returns.
Holders of our shares are required to take into account their allocable share of items of our income, gain, loss, deduction and credit for our taxable year ending
within or with their taxable year. We will use reasonable efforts to furnish holders of our shares with tax information (including IRS Schedule K-1) as promptly as possible, which
describes their allocable share of such items for our
34
preceding
taxable year. However, we may not be able to provide holders of our shares with tax information on a timely basis. Because holders of our shares will be required to report their allocable
share of each item of our income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit on their tax returns, tax reporting for holders of our shares will be significantly more complicated than for shareholders in a REIT
or a regular corporation. In addition, delivery of this information to holders of our shares will be subject to delay in the event of, among other reasons, the late receipt of any necessary tax
information from an investment in which we hold an interest. It is therefore possible that, in any taxable year, holders of our shares will need to apply for extensions of time to file their tax
returns.
Our structure involves complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available, and which is subject to potential
change, possibly on a retroactive basis. Any such change could result in adverse consequences to the holders of our shares and any other securities we may issue.
The U.S. federal income tax treatment of holders of our shares depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex
provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. The U.S. federal income tax rules are constantly under review by the IRS, resulting
in revised interpretations of established concepts. The IRS pays close attention to the proper application of tax laws to partnerships and investments in foreign entities. The present
U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in our shares may be modified by administrative, legislative or judicial interpretation at any time, and any such action may affect
investments and commitments previously made. We and holders of our shares could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new tax law, regulation or interpretation. Our operating agreement
permits our board of directors to modify (subject to certain exceptions) the operating agreement from time to time, without the consent of the holders of our shares. These modifications may address,
among other things, certain changes in U.S. federal income tax regulations, legislation or interpretation. In some circumstances, such revisions could have an adverse impact on some or all of
the holders of our shares and of other securities we may issue. Moreover, we intend to apply certain
assumptions and conventions in an attempt to comply with applicable rules and to report income, gain, deduction, loss and credit to holders of our shares in a manner that reflects their distributive
share of our items, but these assumptions and conventions may not be in compliance with all aspects of applicable tax requirements. It is possible that the IRS will assert successfully that the
conventions and assumptions we use do not satisfy the technical requirements of the Code and/or U.S. Treasury Regulations and could require that items of income, gain, deduction, loss or credit be
adjusted or reallocated in a manner that adversely affects holders of our shares and of any securities we may issue.
Proposed tax legislation, if enacted, could limit our ability conduct investment management or advisory or other activities in the future.
Proposed tax legislation has been introduced in Congress that is intended to prevent publicly traded partnerships from conducting investment management or
advisory activities without the imposition of corporate income tax. One version of this proposed legislation would prevent a publicly traded partnership from qualifying as a partnership for
U.S. federal income tax purposes if it conducts such activities either directly or indirectly through any entity in which it owns an interest. Other versions of the legislation would mandate
that any income from investment management or advisory activities be treated as non-qualifying income under the 90% qualifying income exception for publicly traded partnerships, which, in
turn, would limit the amount of such income that a publicly traded partnership could derive other than through corporate subsidiaries. It is unclear which version of the legislation, if any,
ultimately will be enacted. It also is uncertain whether such legislation, if enacted, would apply retroactively to dates specified in the original proposals or prospectively only. We do not currently
engage in investment management or advisory activities either directly or indirectly through an entity in which we own an interest. However, if such legislation is enacted, depending on the form it
35
takes,
it could limit our ability to engage in investment management and advisory or other activities in the future. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the likelihood that the proposed
legislation will be enacted and, if enacted, the form it is likely to take.
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
Our administrative and principal executive offices are located at 555 California Street, 50
th
Floor, San Francisco, California 94104 and are
leased by our Manager in accordance with the Management Agreement.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
At December 31, 2007, there were no material pending legal proceedings to which we were a party or to which any of our property was subject.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
36
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "KFN." On February 19, 2008, the closing price of our common shares,
as reported on the NYSE, was $14.53. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices for our common shares for the period indicated as reported on the NYSE:
|
|
Sales Price
|
Quarter Ended
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
March 31, 2006
|
|
24.25
|
|
22.10
|
June 30, 2006
|
|
23.50
|
|
20.51
|
September 30, 2006
|
|
25.24
|
|
20.96
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
27.43
|
|
24.02
|
March 31, 2007
|
|
30.27
|
|
25.22
|
June 30, 2007
|
|
28.20
|
|
24.83
|
September 30, 2007
|
|
25.64
|
|
9.39
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
17.28
|
|
13.03
|
As
of February 19, 2008, we had 116,343,151 issued and outstanding shares of common shares that were held by 28 holders of record. The 28 holders of record include
Cede & Co., which holds shares as nominee for The Depository Trust Company, which itself holds shares on behalf of the beneficial owners of our common shares.
Distributions
The actual amount and timing of distributions are at the discretion of our board of directors and may not be in even amounts throughout our fiscal year.
The
following table shows the distributions relating to our 2007 and 2006 fiscal years:
Record Date
|
|
Payment Date
|
|
Cash Distribution
Declared per Common Share
|
February 15, 2006
|
|
February 28, 2006
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
May 17, 2006
|
|
May 31, 2006
|
|
$
|
0.45
|
August 16, 2006
|
|
August 30, 2006
|
|
$
|
0.49
|
November 16, 2006
|
|
November 30, 2006
|
|
$
|
0.52
|
February 15, 2007
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.54
|
May 17, 2007
|
|
May 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.56
|
August 16, 2007
|
|
August 30, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.56
|
November 15, 2007
|
|
November 29, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
February 15, 2008
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
37
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table summarizes the total number of securities outstanding in the incentive plan and the number of securities remaining for future issuance, as
well as the weighted average exercise price of all outstanding securities as of December 31, 2007.
|
|
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
|
|
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights
|
|
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in the first column)(1)
|
Equity compensation plan not approved by shareholders
|
|
1,932,279
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
|
3,045,229
|
-
(1)
-
The
2007 Share Incentive Plan authorizes a total of 8,214,625 shares that may be used to satisfy awards including restricted shares and share options. As such, the total number of
securities remaining available for future issuance is net of 3,179,617 restricted shares already issued and 57,500 common share options already exercised.
38
Total Return Comparison
The following graph presents a total return comparison from a $100 investment in our common shares on June 24, 2005 (the date our common shares was listed
on the NYSE) to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index ("S&P 500 Index") and Bloomberg Mortgage REIT Index. We obtained this information from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we do
not guarantee its accuracy or completeness. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common shares and each index was $100 on June 24, 2005, and that all dividends were
reinvested. The total return performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future total return performance.
Total Return Comparison from June 24, 2005 through December 31, 2007
Share Price Performance Graph
|
|
6/24/2005
|
|
12/31/2005
|
|
12/31/2006
|
|
12/31/2007
|
KKR Financial Holdings LLC
|
|
100
|
|
101
|
|
122
|
|
71
|
S&P 500 Index
|
|
100
|
|
106
|
|
122
|
|
130
|
Bloomberg Mortgage REIT Index
|
|
100
|
|
85
|
|
102
|
|
55
|
39
Item 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 and for
the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005 and the period from August 12, 2004 (inception) through December 31, 2004. You should read the selected financial data together with
the more detailed information contained in the consolidated financial statements and associated notes, and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"
included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(in thousands, except per share data)
|
|
Year Ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year Ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
Year Ended
December 31, 2005
|
|
Period from
August 12, 2004
(inception) through
December 31, 2004
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Investment Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
$
|
620,138
|
|
$
|
318,173
|
|
$
|
121,754
|
|
$
|
6,081
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(366,029
|
)
|
|
(177,829
|
)
|
|
(51,487
|
)
|
|
(21
|
)
|
Interest expense to affiliates
|
|
|
(60,939
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
(25,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
168,170
|
|
|
140,344
|
|
|
70,267
|
|
|
6,060
|
|
Other income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
|
107,316
|
|
|
20,753
|
|
|
7,560
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
Non-investment expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
52,535
|
|
|
65,298
|
|
|
50,791
|
|
|
11,222
|
|
General, administrative and directors expenses
|
|
|
18,294
|
|
|
12,892
|
|
|
7,991
|
|
|
1,473
|
|
Professional services
|
|
|
4,706
|
|
|
4,903
|
|
|
4,121
|
|
|
901
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
|
75,535
|
|
|
83,093
|
|
|
62,903
|
|
|
13,596
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate and income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
199,951
|
|
|
78,004
|
|
|
14,924
|
|
|
(8,024
|
)
|
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
12,706
|
|
|
5,722
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
212,657
|
|
|
83,726
|
|
|
14,924
|
|
|
(8,024
|
)
|
Income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
964
|
|
|
3,144
|
|
|
(228
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
212,401
|
|
|
82,762
|
|
|
11,780
|
|
|
(7,796
|
)
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(312,606
|
)
|
|
52,570
|
|
|
43,301
|
|
|
1,087
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(100,205
|
)
|
$
|
135,332
|
|
$
|
55,081
|
|
$
|
(6,709
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40
Net (loss) income per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.36
|
|
$
|
1.04
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(3.47
|
)
|
$
|
0.66
|
|
$
|
0.72
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income per share
|
|
$
|
(1.11
|
)
|
$
|
1.70
|
|
$
|
0.92
|
|
$
|
(0.17
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.34
|
|
$
|
1.03
|
|
$
|
0.19
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(3.45
|
)
|
$
|
0.65
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income per share
|
|
$
|
(1.11
|
)
|
$
|
1.68
|
|
$
|
0.90
|
|
$
|
(0.17
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
89,953
|
|
|
79,626
|
|
|
60,100
|
|
|
40,539
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
90,640
|
|
|
80,408
|
|
|
61,189
|
|
|
40,539
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$
|
2.16
|
|
$
|
1.86
|
|
$
|
0.97
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands, except per share data)
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
|
As of
December 31, 2005
|
|
As of
December 31, 2004
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
524,080
|
|
$
|
5,125
|
|
$
|
16,110
|
|
$
|
7,219
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
1,063,528
|
|
|
137,992
|
|
|
79,139
|
|
|
1,321
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
1,359,541
|
|
|
964,440
|
|
|
611,668
|
|
|
68,569
|
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
8,634,208
|
|
|
3,334,260
|
|
|
2,419,019
|
|
|
449,637
|
Assets of discontinued operations
|
|
|
7,129,106
|
|
|
12,743,069
|
|
|
12,005,433
|
|
|
1,815,831
|
Total assets
|
|
|
19,046,025
|
|
|
17,565,177
|
|
|
15,290,540
|
|
|
2,347,340
|
Total borrowings
|
|
|
10,077,292
|
|
|
3,674,273
|
|
|
2,309,856
|
|
|
92,313
|
Liabilities of discontinued operations
|
|
|
7,012,284
|
|
|
12,090,678
|
|
|
11,266,430
|
|
|
1,494,560
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
17,401,486
|
|
|
15,841,746
|
|
|
13,635,394
|
|
|
1,590,592
|
Total shareholders' equity
|
|
|
1,644,539
|
|
|
1,723,431
|
|
|
1,655,146
|
|
|
756,748
|
Book value per common share
|
|
$
|
14.27
|
|
$
|
21.42
|
|
$
|
20.59
|
|
$
|
18.46
|
41
Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Except where otherwise expressly stated or the context suggests otherwise, the terms "we," "us" and "our" refer to KKR Financial
Holdings LLC and its subsidiaries.
Executive Overview
We are a specialty finance company that uses leverage with the objective of generating competitive risk-adjusted returns. We invest in financial
assets primarily consisting of corporate loans and securities, including senior secured and unsecured loans, mezzanine loans, high yield corporate bonds, distressed and stressed debt securities,
marketable and non-marketable equity securities, and credit default and total rate of return swaps. We also make opportunistic investments in other asset classes from time to time. We
invest in both cash and derivative instruments.
Our
objective is to provide competitive returns to our investors through a combination of distributions and capital appreciation. As part of our investment strategy, we seek to invest
opportunistically in those asset classes that can generate competitive leveraged risk-adjusted returns, subject to maintaining our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act").
Our
income is generated primarily from (i) net interest income and dividend income, (ii) realized and unrealized gains and losses on our derivatives that are not accounted
for as hedges, (iii) realized gains and losses from the sales of investments, (iv) realized and unrealized gains and losses on securities sold, not yet purchased, and (v) fee
income.
We
are a Delaware limited liability company and were organized on January 17, 2007. We are the successor to KKR Financial Corp. (the "REIT Subsidiary"), a Maryland corporation.
The REIT
Subsidiary was originally incorporated in the State of Maryland on July 7, 2004 and elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The
REIT Subsidiary completed its initial private placement of shares of its common stock in August 2004, and completed its initial public offering of shares of its common stock in June
2005. On June 23, 2005, we effected a reverse stock split of our common stock at a ratio of one share of common stock for every two shares of common stock then outstanding. The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock split for all periods presented. On May 4, 2007, we completed a restructuring transaction (the
"Restructuring Transaction"), pursuant to which the REIT Subsidiary became our subsidiary and each outstanding share of the REIT Subsidiary's common stock was converted into one of our common shares,
which are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "KFN". Although we have not elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we intend to
continue to operate so as to qualify as a partnership, and not as an association or publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We
are managed by KKR Financial Advisors LLC (our "Manager") pursuant to a management agreement (the "Management Agreement"). The Manager is an affiliate of Kohlberg Kravis
Roberts & Co. L.P. ("KKR").
The credit markets were operating in a generally favorable business environment during the first half of 2007 as was evidenced by liquid markets with active
investors, low inflation, tightening credit spreads, low corporate interest rates and strong consumer confidence. The second half of 2007 was characterized by a global credit crisis that created
extremely difficult market conditions. During the third quarter of 2007, the capital markets began experiencing significant disruptions that were initially
42
related
to the residential mortgage market. This was primarily triggered by deterioration in the U.S. subprime residential mortgage asset class and unprecedented weakening in the U.S. housing market.
The impact on the credit markets was particularly evident in the asset-backed commercial paper market which was negatively impacted as investors significantly reduced and to a certain extent no longer
invested in commercial paper backed by structured financial instruments, including residential mortgage investments. The disruptions in the asset-backed commercial paper market were exacerbated by the
fact that commercial banks and investment banks materially curtailed or discontinued providing their customers with financing for residential mortgage investments. The secondary impact of the lack of
financing and liquidity for residential mortgage investments was that market values of residential mortgage investments decreased materially because traditional buyers were unable to obtain financing.
During
the third quarter of 2007, dislocations also began to occur beyond the residential mortgage market and resulted in a worsening global credit crisis across most fixed income
categories. While credit spreads of fixed income products generally tightened during the first half of 2007 due to the favorable business environment, the second half of 2007 witnessed increased
volatility, significantly reduced liquidity, unprecedented spread widening and a flight to quality by investors and other market participants.
The
market conditions that occurred during the second half of 2007 have continued subsequent to year end.
In
response to the aforementioned market disruptions, we took several steps to ensure that we had adequate liquidity to respond to the current market environment. Specifically, we
executed the following transactions during the third quarter of 2007: (i) we sold $5.2 billion of residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities and recognized a loss of
approximately $65.0 million, which was reduced by gains on the termination of related interest rate hedges of approximately $28.6 million, and thereby recognized a net loss of
approximately $36.4 million; (ii) we received gross proceeds of $230.4 million through the issuance of 16.0 million common shares at $14.40 to seven unaffiliated
institutional investors; (iii) we completed a share rights offering which generated gross proceeds of $270.0 million ($56.6 million received in October 2007 under a backstop
agreement with certain principals of KKR through which 3.9 million shares were issued) through the issuance of 18.75 million shares at $14.40 per common share; (iv) we sold
$139.6 million of our private equity investments to
unaffiliated third parties and recognized a net gain of $51.6 million; and (v) we made the decision to dispose of the REIT Subsidiary, exit the business of investing in residential
mortgage investments and recorded charges for discontinued operations totaling $243.7 million. Accordingly, our residential mortgage investment operations and REIT Subsidiary, as well as KKR
Financial Holdings II, LLC ("KFH II"), a REIT subsidiary, are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented herein. Unless otherwise noted, information contained in our
Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this annual report on Form 10-K relates to our continuing operations.
As of December 31, 2007, our exposure to the residential mortgage market consists of approximately $3.6 billion of residential mortgage-backed
securities ("RMBS") held by our two asset-backed commercial paper conduits (collectively, the "Facilities") and $337.6 million of RMBS held outside of the Facilities. The $337.6 million
of RMBS held outside of the Facilities consists of $300.1 million of RMBS rated investment grade or higher and $37.5 million of RMBS rated below investment grade. Additionally, of the
$337.6 million of RMBS held outside of the Facilities, $205.9 million represents interests in residential mortgage securitization trusts that are not structured as qualifying special-
purpose entities under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") and therefore, we consolidate these trusts as we are the primary beneficiary of these entities under GAAP.
Accordingly, we report assets totaling $3.5 billion related to these trusts, including our investments totaling $337.6 million, on our consolidated financial statements and report
liabilities
43
totaling
$3.2 billion for the securities issued by these trusts that we do not hold. We account for both the assets and liabilities at fair value and our net investment in RMBS not held in the
Facilities is $337.6 million.
As
previously described under "Overview", the credit market events that occurred during the second half of 2007 had a material adverse impact on the asset-backed commercial paper market.
Due to the market events that occurred during the second half of 2007, we replaced the then existing secured liquidity notes (the "SLNs") issued by the Facilities with notes totaling
$3.6 billion with approximately 50% of the principal balance due on February 15, 2008 (the "February Maturity Date") and the remaining balance due on March 13, 2008 (the "October
Transaction"). On February 15, 2008, we entered into an Extension Amendment Agreement (the "Amendment Agreement") with the holders of the SLNs to allow for further discussions. Pursuant to the
Amendment Agreement the February Maturity Date has been extended to March 3, 2008 (the "Extension Period"). The holders of a majority of the SLNs have the right to terminate the Extension
Period upon one business day prior written notice. Upon the expiration or termination of the Extension Period without further agreement on modifications to the Facilities, the SLNs that were
originally due and payable on the February Maturity Date would become due and payable. In connection with the October Transaction, certain holders of the SLNs agreed to receive an in-kind
distribution of the mortgage-backed securities serving as collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding principal amount of their SLNs. In connection with the Amendment Agreement,
certain holders of SLNs have been given the option
during the Extension Period to receive an in-kind distribution of the mortgage-backed securities serving as collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding principal
amount of their SLNs. Upon expiration or termination of the Extension Period, the remaining holders of SLNs have the right to receive at their election an in-kind distribution of the
mortgage-backed securities serving as collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding principal amount of their SLNs. Additional extensions to the Extension Period may be entered into
with the holders of the SLNs to allow for further discussions regarding the status of the Facilities. There can be no assurance regarding the ultimate outcome of these discussions. Such outcomes may
include, among other things, the further extension of the existing Facilities on terms that would induce holders of the SLNs to provide us an opportunity to obtain recovery on some of our previously
written-off investment in the Facilities, other modifications of the existing Facilities or the creation of new financing facilities in which we would acquire a participation, the election of the
holders of the SLNs to receive in-kind distributions of the mortgage-backed securities serving as collateral for the Facilities or, notwithstanding the non-recourse nature of the SLNs, the assertion
of claims by the holders of the SLNs against us. We do not currently believe that any of such outcomes is likely to be material to our business or financial condition.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, we recorded a charge for discontinued operations of approximately $243.7 million. The components of this charge consist of an
approximate $199.9 million investment in the Facilities, a reserve of $36.5 million for contingencies related to the Facilities, and an accrual for legal, accounting, and consulting fees
of approximately $7.3 million. The $199.9 million charge for our investment in the Facilities includes the write-off of our investment in the REIT Subsidiary.
Our
exposure to the residential mortgage market does not include any assets that are collateralized or backed by subprime residential mortgage loans. In addition, we do not have any
off-balance sheet exposure to residential mortgage assets as we do not hold any investments in off-balance sheet structures such as structured investment vehicles or
collateralized debt obligations.
Our core continuing business consists of investing in non-investment grade corporate loans, often referred to as leveraged loans, and high yield
corporate debt securities. As of December 31, 2007, our investments in corporate loans totaled $8.7 billion and our investments in corporate debt securities totaled $1.3 billion.
As of December 31, 2007, all of our investments in corporate loans are classified as
44
held
for investment and therefore carried at amortized cost while our investments in corporate debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and therefore carried at
estimated fair value with changes in fair value reflected in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, a component of shareholders' equity on our consolidated balance sheets.
As
described under "Overview", the deterioration in the credit markets during the latter part of 2007 and early 2008 has led to significant credit spread widening, particularly for
non-investment grade investments. As the majority of our investments in corporate loans and corporate debt securities were made prior to the second half of 2007, the effect of this
continued credit spread widening attributable to reduced liquidity in the capital markets that began in the third quarter of 2007 has had a material adverse impact on the estimated fair values of the
majority of our investments in corporate loans and corporate debt securities. The corporate credit investments we hold have not experienced a material change with respect to the underlying credit
quality of the issuers and as of December 31, 2007, none of our investments were delinquent or in default status. We did record an impairment loss for one investment in a corporate debt
security totaling $5.9 million during the fourth quarter of 2007 due to what we determined as being an other-than-temporary impairment of this security and we expect to
sell this investment during 2008.
To
the extent that the underlying credit performance of the issuers of our investments in corporate loans and corporate debt securities does not materially deteriorate, the impact on our
business of credit spread widening and the adverse impact that credit spread widening has on the estimated fair values of our investments has three potentially negative implications. The first is that
losses will be realized on any investments that are sold where the current credit spreads are wider than those we are earning on the investments. The second is that declining market values may result
in us posting additional collateral under secured borrowing arrangements that contain mark-to-market margin posting requirements. The third is that declines in market values
will decrease our book value per share as our corporate debt securities are carried at estimated fair value with changes in estimate fair value included in other comprehensive income (loss), a
component of shareholders' equity. As of December 31, 2007, these secured borrowing arrangements primarily consist of borrowings under repurchase agreements and through warehouse facilities,
structured as repurchase agreements, as well as through total rate of return swap agreements that are accounted for as derivatives in our consolidated financial statements.
The
current business environment may impact our investment portfolio if reduced economic performance adversely impacts the issuers of loans and securities that we hold investments in.
Additionally, the current credit environment may adversely impact our business in 2008 if we are unable to continue to grow our investment portfolio due to a lack of available financing at reasonable
terms. Our primary source of financing our investments in corporate loans and corporate debt securities is through issuing securities through securitization transactions referred to as collateralized
loan obligation ("CLO") transactions. These transactions are on-balance sheet and the securities issued through these transactions are reflected as debt on our consolidated balance sheets.
The current market environment makes it challenging to issue these transactions and our ability to do so may be materially restricted during 2008.
During 2007, we paid aggregate cash distributions totaling $191.2 million and declared aggregate distributions totaling $205.4 million, including a
distribution for the fourth quarter that was declared on February 1, 2008.
As of December 31, 2007, our investment portfolio totaled $10.0 billion, representing an increase of 122% from $4.5 billion as of
December 31, 2006. As of December 31, 2007, our investment portfolio primarily consisted of corporate loans and corporate debt securities totaling $10.0 billion and marketable
equity securities consisting of preferred and common stock totaling $47.8 million. In
45
addition,
our investment portfolio included investments in non-marketable equity securities totaling $20.1 million as of December 31, 2007.
We have expanded our sources of funding our investment activities during 2007 through the closing of the following transactions: (i) we closed KKR
Financial CLO 2007-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2007-1"), a $3.5 billion secured financing transaction through which we issued $2.4 billion
of senior secured notes at par to unaffiliated investors with a weighted-average coupon of three-month LIBOR plus 0.53% and issued $244.7 million of mezzanine notes and $186.6 million of
subordinated notes to three private investment funds (collectively, the "KKR Strategic Capital Funds") that are managed by an affiliate of our Manager; (ii) we closed KKR Financial CLO
2007-A, Ltd. ("CLO 2007-A"), a $1.5 billion secured financing transaction through which we issued $1.2 billion of senior secured notes at par to
unaffiliated investors with a weighted-average coupon of three-month LIBOR plus 0.87% and issued $79.0 million of mezzanine notes and $15.1 million of subordinated notes to the KKR
Strategic Capital Funds; (iii) we closed Wayzata Funding LLC ("Wayzata") through which we can issue up to $1.6 billion of senior secured notes at a weighted average coupon of
three-month LIBOR plus 1.28% and for which we have not issued any senior secured notes as of December 31, 2007; (iv) we closed an €800 million warehouse facility
we have not drawn upon; (v) we issued $300.0 million of 7.000% convertible senior notes; and (vi) we issued $72.2 million of junior subordinated notes through a trust
formed during the year that issued trust preferred securities with a coupon of three-month LIBOR plus 2.50%.
During 2007, we consummated a common share offering with proceeds from the transaction totaling $230.4 million and we announced a rights offering of common
shares to our common shareholders of up to $270.0 million. In connection with this rights offering, certain principals of KKR agreed to provide a backstop commitment to purchase a certain
amount of common shares to the extent the rights offering was not fully subscribed. The rights offering expired on September 19, 2007 with proceeds totaling $270.0 million, including
$56.6 million of proceeds received from the backstop commitment on October 2, 2007. The net proceeds received from the common share offering and common share rights offering have been
used for general corporate purposes.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared by management in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
("GAAP"). Our significant accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our financial condition and results of operations because some of these policies require that we make significant
estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. We believe that certain of our policies are critical because they require us to make difficult,
subjective, and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. We have reviewed these critical accounting policies with our board of directors and our audit committee.
We account for interest income on our investments using the effective yield method. For investments purchased at par, the effective yield is the contractual
coupon rate on the investment. Unamortized premiums and discounts on non-residential mortgage-backed securities are recognized in interest income over the contractual life, adjusted for
actual prepayments, of the securities using the effective interest method. For securities representing beneficial interests in securitizations that are not highly rated (i.e., subordinate
tranches of residential mortgage-backed securities), unamortized premiums and discounts are recognized over the contractual life, adjusted for estimated prepayments and estimated credit losses of the
securities using the effective interest method. Actual prepayment and
46
credit
loss experience is reviewed quarterly and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between prepayments and credit losses originally anticipated compared to amounts actually
received plus anticipated future prepayments.
Interest
income on loans includes interest at stated coupon rates adjusted for accretion of purchase discounts and the amortization of purchase premiums. For corporate loans, unamortized
premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income over the contractual life, adjusted for actual prepayments, of the loans using the effective interest method.
As
of December 31, 2007, unamortized purchase premiums and unaccreted purchase discounts on our investment portfolio totaled $0.8 million and $134.2 million,
respectively.
Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements
("SFAS No. 157"),
which requires additional disclosures about our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value.
As
defined in SFAS No. 157, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available,
valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or
market and the instruments'
complexity for disclosure purposes. Beginning in January 2007, assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment
associated with the inputs used to measure their value. Hierarchical levels, as defined in SFAS No. 157 and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair
valuations of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:
Level 1:
Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
The
types of assets carried at level 1 fair value generally are equity securities listed in active markets.
Level 2:
Inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices
for similar instruments in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Fair
value assets and liabilities that are generally included in this category are mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans (which are currently reflected as assets of discontinued operations for
financial statement purposes) where the mortgage loans on our financial statements consist of mortgage-backed securities where the issuing trust has been consolidated on our consolidated financial
statements, certain corporate debt securities, and certain financial instruments classified as derivatives where the fair value is based on observable market inputs.
Level 3:
Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the
inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its
entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the
fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset.
47
Generally,
assets and liabilities carried at fair value and included in this category are certain corporate debt securities, certain derivatives and financial liabilities consisting of asset-backed
secured liquidity notes.
The
availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial asset or liability and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product,
whether the product is new, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market, and the current market condition. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs
that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by us in determining fair value is
greatest for instruments categorized in level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for
disclosure purposes the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement in its entirety.
Fair
value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore,
even when market assumptions are not readily available, our own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
Many
financial assets and liabilities have bid and ask prices that can be observed in the marketplace. Bid prices reflect the highest price that we and others are wiling to pay for an
asset. Ask prices represent the lowest price that we and others are willing to accept for an asset. For financial assets and liabilities whose inputs are based on bid-ask prices, we do not
require that fair value always be a predetermined point in the bid-ask range. Our policy is to allow for mid-market pricing and adjusting to the point within the bid-ask range that meets our best
estimate of fair value.
Assets
that are valued using level 3 of the fair value hierarchy primarily consist of certain corporate debt securities and certain over-the-counter ("OTC") derivative contracts. The
valuation techniques used for these are described below.
Corporate Debt Securities:
Corporate debt securities are initially valued at transaction price and are subsequently valued using market data for similar
instruments (e.g., recent transactions or broker quotes), comparisons to benchmark derivative indices or movements in underlying credit spreads.
OTC Derivative Contracts:
OTC derivative contracts include forward, swap and option contracts related to interest rates, foreign currencies, credit
standing of reference entities, and equity prices. The fair value of OTC derivative products can be modeled using a series of techniques, including closed-form analytic formulae, such as the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and simulation models or a combination thereof. Many pricing models do not entail material subjectivity because the methodologies employed do not necessitate
significant judgment, and the pricing inputs are observed from actively quoted markets, as is the case for generic interest rate swap and option contracts.
We account for share-based compensation issued to members of our board of directors and our Manager using the fair value based methodology in accordance with SFAS
No. 123(R),
Share-based Compensation
("SFAS No. 123(R)"). We do not have any employees, although we believe that members of our board of
directors are deemed to be employees for purposes of interpreting and applying accounting principles relating to share-based compensation. We record as compensation costs the restricted common shares
that we issued to members of our board of directors at estimated fair value as of the grant date and we amortize the cost into expense over the three-year vesting period using the
straight-line method. We record compensation costs for restricted common shares and common share options that we issued to our Manager at estimated fair value as of the grant date and we
remeasure the amount on subsequent reporting dates to the extent the awards have not vested. Unvested restricted common shares are valued using observable secondary market prices. Unvested common
share options are valued using the Black-Scholes model and assumptions based on observable market data for comparable companies. We amortize compensation expense related to the restricted common share
and common share options that we granted to our Manager using the graded vesting attribution method in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R).
48
Because we remeasure the amount of compensation costs associated with the unvested restricted common shares and unvested common share options that we issued to our Manager as of each
reporting period, our share-based compensation expense reported in our consolidated financial statements will change based on the estimated fair value of our common shares and this may result in
earnings volatility. For the year ended December 31, 2007, share-based compensation totaled $1.9 million. As of December 31, 2007, substantially all of the non-vested
restricted common shares issued that are subject to SFAS No. 123(R) are subject to remeasurement. As of December 31, 2007, a $1 increase in the price of our common shares would have
increased our future share-based compensation expense by approximately $0.6 million and this future share-based compensation expense would be recognized over the remaining vesting periods of
our outstanding restricted common shares and common share options. As of December 31, 2007, future unamortized share-based compensation totaled $2.3 million, of which
$2.0 million, $0.2 million, and $0.1 million will be recognized in 2008, 2009, and beyond, respectively.
We recognize all derivatives on our consolidated balance sheets at estimated fair value. On the date we enter into a derivative contract, we designate and
document each derivative contract as one of the following at the time the contract is executed: (i) a hedge of a recognized asset or liability ("fair value" hedge); (ii) a hedge of a
forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability ("cash flow" hedge); (iii) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign
operation; or (iv) a derivative instrument not designated as a hedging instrument ("free-standing derivative"). For a fair value hedge, we record changes in the estimated fair value
of the derivative and, to the extent that it is effective, changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk, in the current period earnings in the same
financial statement category as the hedged item. For a cash flow hedge, we record changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative to the extent that it is effective in other comprehensive
income. We subsequently reclassify these changes in estimated fair value to net income in the same period(s) that the hedged transaction affects earnings in the same financial statement category as
the hedged item. For free-standing derivatives, we report changes in the fair values in current period non-interest income.
We
formally document at inception our hedge relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, our risk management objectives, strategy for
undertaking the hedge transaction and our evaluation of effectiveness of its hedged transactions. Periodically, as required by SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities
, as amended and interpreted
("SFAS No. 133"), we also formally assesses whether the derivative designated in each hedging relationship is expected to be and has been highly effective in offsetting changes in estimated
fair values or cash flows of the hedged item using either the dollar offset or the regression analysis method. If we determine that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, we discontinue
hedge accounting.
We
are not required to account for our derivative contracts using hedge accounting as described above. If we decide not to designate the derivative contracts as hedges or if we fail to
fulfill the criteria necessary to qualify for hedge accounting, then the changes in the estimated fair values of our derivative contracts would affect periodic earnings immediately potentially
resulting in the increased volatility of our earnings. The qualification requirements for hedge accounting are complex and as a result, we must evaluate, designate, and thoroughly document each hedge
transaction at inception and perform ineffectiveness analysis and prepare related documentation at inception and on a recurring basis thereafter. As of December 31, 2007, the estimated fair
value of our net derivative liabilities totaled $28.0 million.
49
We evaluate our investment portfolio for impairment as of each quarter end or more frequently if we become aware of any material information that would lead us to
believe that an investment may be impaired. We evaluate whether the investment is considered impaired and whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. If we make a
determination that the impairment is other-than-temporary, we recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the amortized cost basis and the estimated fair value
of the investment. We consider many factors in determining whether the impairment of an investment is other-than-temporary, including but not limited to the length of time the
security has had a decline in estimated fair value below its amortized cost, the amount of the loss, the intent and our financial ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient for a
recovery in its estimated fair value, recent events specific to the issuer or industry, external credit ratings and recent downgrades in such ratings. As of December 31, 2007, we had aggregate
unrealized losses on our securities classified as available-for-sale of approximately $145.7 million, which if not recovered may result in the recognition of future
losses. As of December 31, 2007, there was an impairment of $5.9 million which was determined to be other-than-temporary which has been recorded in the
consolidated statements of operations.
Our allowance for estimated loan losses represents our estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. When
determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, we consider historical and industry loss experience, economic conditions and trends, the estimated fair values of our loans, credit quality
trends and other factors that we determine are relevant. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are charged to current period earnings through the provision for loan losses. Amounts determined to
be uncollectible are charged directly to the allowance for loan losses. Our allowance for loan losses consists of two components, an allocated component and an unallocated component.
The
allocated component of our allowance for loan losses consists of individual loans that are impaired and for which the estimated allowance for loan losses is determined in accordance
with SFAS No. 114,
Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.
We consider a loan to be impaired when, based on current information and
events, we believe it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due to us based on the contractual terms of the loan. An impaired loan may be left on accrual status during the period
we are pursuing repayment of the loan; however, the loan is placed on non-accrual status at such time as: (i) we believe that scheduled debt service payments may not be paid when
contractually due; (ii) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (iii) we determine the borrower is incapable of, or has ceased efforts toward, curing the cause of the impairment; or
(iv) the net realizable value of the underlying collateral securing the loan decreases below our carrying value of such loan. While on non-accrual status, previously recognized
accrued interest is reversed and interest income is recognized only upon actual receipt.
The
unallocated component of our allowance for loan losses is determined in accordance with SFAS No. 5,
Accounting for
Contingencies
. This component of the allowance for loan losses represents our estimate of losses inherent, but unidentified, in our portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The
unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses is estimated based upon a review of the our loan portfolio's risk characteristics, risk grouping of loans in the portfolio based upon estimated
probability of default and severity of loss based on loan type, and consideration of general economic conditions and trends.
As
of December 31, 2007, based on a review of the unallocated component of our allowance for loan losses, we recorded an allowance for loan losses of $25.0 million which we
have determined as being adequate for estimated losses inherent in our loan investments as of that date.
50
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities
Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115
("SFAS No. 159"). This statement permits
entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value (i.e., the fair value option). The election to use the fair value option is available when an
entity first recognizes a financial asset or financial liability or upon entering into a firm commitment. Subsequent changes in fair value must be recorded in earnings. Additionally, SFAS
No. 159 allows for a one-time election for existing positions upon adoption, with the transition adjustment recorded to beginning retained earnings.
We
adopted SFAS No. 159 as of January 1, 2007 and elected to apply the fair value option for our investments in residential mortgage loans and residential mortgage-backed
securities, which are currently reflected as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes. Additionally, we intend to consistently apply the election of the fair value option to any future
residential mortgage investments. We have elected the fair value option for our residential mortgage investments for the purpose of enhancing the transparency of our financial condition as fair value
is consistent with how we manage the risks of our residential mortgage investments. The transition adjustment to beginning accumulated deficit that was recorded as of January 1, 2007 due to the
adoption of SFAS No. 159 was a loss of $55.7 million. The following table presents information about the eligible instruments for which we elected the fair value option and for which
transition adjustments were recorded as of January 1, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Carrying Value at
January 1, 2007
|
|
Transition Adjustment to
Accumulated Deficit
Gain/(Loss)
|
|
Carrying Value at
January 1, 2007
(After Adoption of
SFAS No. 159)
|
Residential mortgage loans
|
|
$
|
5,109,261
|
|
$
|
(35,653
|
)
|
$
|
5,073,608
|
Allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
(1,500
|
)
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities(1)
|
|
|
7,536,196
|
|
|
(21,575
|
)
|
|
7,536,196
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of the adoption of the fair value option
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(55,728
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Prior
to January 1, 2007, residential mortgage-backed securities were classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value. Accordingly, the
election of the fair value option for mortgage-backed securities did not change their carrying value and resulted in a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income to beginning
accumulated deficit.
In
June 2007, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) issued Statement of Position (SOP) 07-1,
Clarification of the Scope of
the Audit and Accounting Guide
Investment Companies
and Accounting for Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment
Companies
("SOP 07-1"). This SOP provides guidance for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide
Investment Companies
(the
"Guide"). Entities that are within the scope of the Guide are required, among other things, to carry their investments at fair
value, with changes in fair value included in earnings. In addition, SOP 07-1 includes certain disclosure requirements for parent companies and equity method investors in investment
companies that retain investment company accounting in the parent company's consolidated financial statements or the financial statements of an equity method investor. In May 2007, the FASB issued
FSP FIN 46R-7,
Application of FIN 46R to Investment Companies
("FSP FIN 46R-7") which amends
FIN No. 46 (revised December 2003) to make permanent the temporary deferral of the application of FIN 46R to entities within the scope of the revised audit guide under
SOP 07-1. FSP FIN 46R-7 is effective upon adoption of SOP 07-1. In February 2008, the effective date of
51
SOP 07-1
was indefinitely deferred. We have not determined whether we will be required to apply the provisions of the Guide in presenting our financial statements, if
SOP 07-1 is ultimately made effective.
In
August 2007, the FASB released proposed FASB Staff Position APB 14-a,
Accounting for Convertible Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash
upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)
("FSP APB 14-a"). If approved for issuance by the FASB, FSP APB 14-a
will affect the accounting for our convertible senior notes. This statement would require retrospective application where the initial debt proceeds be allocated between a debt (at a discount) and
equity component. The resulting debt discount would be amortized over the period the convertible debt is expected to be outstanding as additional interest expense.
FSP APB 14-a was issued for a 45-day comment period that ended on October 15, 2007, but has not been issued in final form. The FASB began its
re-deliberations of the guidance in January 2008 and the ultimate effective date and outcome of such re-deliberations is unknown at this time. We are currently evaluating the
impact of adopting FSP APB 14-a.
In
November 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 109,
Written Loan Commitments Recorded at
Fair Value Through Earnings
("SAB 109"). SAB 109 supersedes SAB No. 105,
Loan Commitments Accounted for as Derivative
Instruments
("SAB 105"), and expresses the current view that, consistent with SFAS No. 156,
Accounting for Servicing of Financial
Assets
, and SFAS No. 159, the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan should be included in the measurement of all written loan
commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings. SAB 109 also retains the view that for all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings,
internally-developed intangible assets should not be recorded as part of the fair value of a derivative loan commitment. SAB 109 is effective prospectively to derivative loan commitments issued
or modified in fiscal quarters beginning after December 15, 2007. In conjunction with the adoption of SFAS No. 57 and SFAS No. 159, SAB 109 generally would result in higher
fair values being recorded upon initial recognition of derivative loan commitments. Adoption of SAB 109 did not have a material affect on our consolidated financial statements.
In
December 2007, the SEC issued SAB No. 110,
Share Based Payment
("SAB 110"). SAB 110 expresses the views of
the staff regarding the use of a "simplified" method, as discussed in SAB No. 107 ("SAB 107") in developing an estimate of expected term of "plain vanilla" share options in
accordance with SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004),
Share-Based Payment
. SAB 107 indicated that it would not expect a company to use the
simplified method for share option grants after December 31, 2007. However, SAB 110 understands that detailed information about employee exercise behavior may not be widely available or
currently sufficient to provide a reasonable estimate. As such, SAB 110 allows public companies, under certain circumstances, to continue to use the simplified method beyond December 31,
2007. SAB 110 is effective beginning January 1, 2008. Adoption of SAB 110 is not expected to have a material affect on our consolidated financial statements.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R),
Business Combinations
("SFAS No. 141(R)"). SFAS 141(R) requires
(i) recognition of the full fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, (ii) measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination at fair value on
the acquisition date, (iii) expensing of most transaction and restructuring costs, and (iv) recognition of earn-out and similar contingent consideration arrangements at their
acquisition-date fair values, with subsequent changes in fair value generally reflected in earnings. SFAS 141(R) applies prospectively and is required for business combinations for
which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of an acquirer's first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is not permitted. We are currently
evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 141(R).
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160,
Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statementsan amendment of Accounting
Research Bulletin No. 51
("SFAS No. 160").
52
SFAS No. 160
recharacterizes minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries as noncontrolling interests to be reported as a component of equity. According to SFAS No. 160,
a change in control will be measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. Earnings attributed to the noncontrolling interests are to be reported as part of consolidated
earnings and disclosure of the attribution between controlling and noncontrolling interests is required on the face of the consolidated statements of operations. SFAS No. 160 is
effective prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is not permitted. We are currently
evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 160.
Results of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2007 compared to year ended December 31, 2006
Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled $100.2 million (or $1.11 per diluted share) as compared to net income of
$135.3 million (or $1.68 per diluted share) for the year ended December 31, 2006. Income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled
$212.4 million (or $2.34 per diluted common share) as compared to $82.8 million (or $1.03 per diluted common share) for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in income
from continuing operations of $129.6 million, or 157%, from 2006 to 2007 is primarily attributable to two factors. The first is the increase in our investment portfolio of 122% from
$4.5 billion as of December 31, 2006 to $10.0 billion as of December 31, 2007. The second significant contributing factor is the increase in gains from sales of investments
of $84.9 million from $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 to $95.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Gains from investment sales for the
year ended December 31, 2007 include a gain of $51.6 million related to our sale of seven private equity investments, or non-marketable equity securities, during the year.
53
The following table presents the components of our net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:
Comparative Net Investment Income Components
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2007
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
Investment Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate loans and securities interest income
|
|
$
|
567,411
|
|
$
|
300,974
|
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
|
37,705
|
|
|
7,846
|
|
|
Common and preferred stock dividend income
|
|
|
3,825
|
|
|
3,656
|
|
|
Net discount accretion
|
|
|
11,197
|
|
|
5,697
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
|
620,138
|
|
|
318,173
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
|
88,073
|
|
|
59,053
|
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
230,572
|
|
|
95,128
|
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
9,980
|
|
|
8,395
|
|
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
2,102
|
|
|
2,307
|
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
|
9,452
|
|
|
|
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
22,869
|
|
|
9,459
|
|
|
Other interest expense
|
|
|
3,526
|
|
|
3,579
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(545
|
)
|
|
(92
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total interest expense
|
|
|
(366,029
|
)
|
|
(177,829
|
)
|
Interest expense to affiliates
|
|
|
(60,939
|
)
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
(25,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
168,170
|
|
$
|
140,344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
presented in the table above, net investment income increased $27.8 million, or 19.8%, from 2006 to 2007. The increase is primarily attributable to the additional investments
in our investment portfolio during 2007. As of December 31, 2007, we held $10.0 billion in investments in loans and securities available-for-sale. In comparison,
as of December 31, 2006, investments in loans and securities available-for-sale totaled $4.3 billion. Additionally, included in net investment income is an
allowance for loan losses of $25.0 million and nil for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Net
investment income in the table above does not include equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate of $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Equity in
income of unconsolidated affiliate totaled $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate
reflects our pro rata interest in the net income of a limited partnership that was formed to hold the subordinated interests in three entities formed to execute secured financing transactions in the
form of CLOs.
54
The following table presents the components of other income for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:
Comparative Other Income Components
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2007
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives and foreign exchange:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaptions
|
|
$
|
15
|
|
$
|
(92
|
)
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
843
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
7,599
|
|
|
(896
|
)
|
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
|
(10,271
|
)
|
|
4,237
|
|
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange contracts
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange translation
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
1,254
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total realized and unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives and foreign exchange
|
|
|
(991
|
)
|
|
4,445
|
|
Net realized gain on investments
|
|
|
95,484
|
|
|
10,587
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
|
8,662
|
|
|
52
|
|
Impairment on securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
(5,946
|
)
|
|
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
10,107
|
|
|
5,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
$
|
107,316
|
|
$
|
20,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
presented in the table above, other income totaled $107.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to $20.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2006. The increase in total other income is primarily attributable to an $84.9 million increase in net gain on investments, of which $51.6 million was related to net
realized gains on the sale of seven private equity investments, partially offset by unrealized losses related to total rate of return swaps in 2007.
55
Non-Investment Expenses
The following table presents the components of non-investment expenses for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:
Comparative Non-Investment Expense Components
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2007
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2006
|
Related party management compensation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Base management fees
|
|
$
|
30,091
|
|
$
|
28,835
|
|
Incentive fees
|
|
|
17,503
|
|
|
7,844
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
1,344
|
|
|
28,619
|
|
Collateral management fees
|
|
|
3,597
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
52,535
|
|
|
65,298
|
Professional services
|
|
|
4,706
|
|
|
4,903
|
Insurance expense
|
|
|
708
|
|
|
909
|
Directors expenses
|
|
|
1,398
|
|
|
1,486
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
16,188
|
|
|
10,497
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
$
|
75,535
|
|
$
|
83,093
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
presented in the table above, our non-investment expenses decreased by $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to December 31,
2006. The significant components of non-investment expense are described below.
Management
compensation to related parties consists of base management fees payable to our Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement, incentive fees, collateral management fees, and
share-based compensation related to restricted common shares and common share options granted to our Manager. The base management fee payable was calculated in accordance with the Management Agreement
and is based on an annual rate of 1.75% times our "equity" as defined in the Management Agreement. Our Manager is also entitled to a quarterly incentive fee provided that our quarterly "net income,"
as defined in the Management Agreement, before the incentive fee exceeds a defined return hurdle. Incentive fees of $17.5 million and $7.8 million were earned by the Manager during the
years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
General
and administrative expenses consist of expenses incurred by our Manager on our behalf that are reimbursable to our Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement. Professional
services expenses consist of legal, accounting and other professional services. Directors expenses represent share-based compensation, as well as expenses and reimbursables due to the board of
directors for their services. The decrease in non-investment expense is primarily due to a decrease in share-based compensation related to the vesting of restricted common shares granted
to our Manager in 2007, partially offset by an increase in incentive fees.
For the years ended 2007 and 2006, and prior to the Restructuring Transaction, we elected to be taxed as a REIT and we believed that we complied with the
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the "Code") with respect thereto. Accordingly, we were not subject to federal income tax to the extent that our distributions to
shareholders satisfied the REIT requirements and certain asset, income and ownership tests, and recordkeeping requirements were fulfilled.
56
After
the Restructuring Transaction, we have no longer elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; however, we intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as
a partnership, and not as an association or publicly traded partnership that is taxable as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, we generally are not subject to U.S. federal
income tax at the entity-level, but are subject to limited state income taxes. Holders of our shares are required to take into account their allocable share of each item of our income, gain, loss,
deduction, and credit for our taxable year end ending within or with their taxable year.
The
REIT Subsidiary elected, and KFH II will elect, to be taxed as a REIT and we believe that they have complied with the provisions of the Code with respect thereto. The REIT Subsidiary
and KFH II, presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes, are not subject to federal income tax to the extent that they currently distribute their income and satisfy certain
asset, income and ownership tests, and recordkeeping requirements.
In
December 2007, we merged KKR TRS Holdings, Inc. ("TRS Inc."), our domestic taxable corporate subsidiary, which was taxed as a regular subchapter C corporation
under the provisions of the Code, with KKR Financial Holdings III, LLC ("KFH III"). TRS Inc. held certain investments that would not be REIT qualifying investments if made
directly by the REIT subsidiary, and earned income that would not be REIT qualifying income if earned directly by the REIT subsidiary. For the year ended December 31, 2007, TRS Inc. had
pre-tax net loss of $0.2 million and the provision for income taxes totaled $0.6 million.
KKR Financial
CLO 2005-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2005-1"), KKR Financial CLO 2005-2, Ltd.
("CLO 2005-2"), KKR Financial CLO 2006-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2006-1"), CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A,
CLO 2007-4, and CLO 2008-1 are foreign taxable corporate subsidiaries that were established to facilitate securitization transactions, structured as secured
financing transactions, and KKR TRS Holdings, Ltd. ("TRS Ltd."), is a foreign taxable corporate subsidiary that was formed to make from time to time, certain foreign investments. They are
organized as exempted companies incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and are generally not subject to federal and state income tax at the corporate entity level
because they restrict their activities in the United States to trading in stock and securities for their own account. Therefore, despite their status as taxable corporate subsidiaries, they generally
will not be subject to corporate income tax in our financial statements on their earnings, and no provisions for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2007 or 2006 were recorded;
however, we are generally required to include their current taxable income in our calculation of taxable income allocable to shareholders.
Year ended December 31, 2006 compared to year ended December 31, 2005
Our net income for the year ended December 31, 2006 totaled $135.3 million (or $1.68 per diluted share) as compared to a net income of
$55.1 million (or $0.90 per diluted share) for the year ended December 31, 2005. During the year ended December 31, 2006, our investment portfolio increased by 45% from
$3.1 billion as of December 31, 2005 to $4.5 billion as of December 31, 2006.
57
The following table presents the components of our net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
Comparative Net Investment Income Components
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2005
|
|
Investment Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate loans and securities interest income
|
|
$
|
300,974
|
|
$
|
115,136
|
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
|
7,846
|
|
|
3,335
|
|
|
Common and preferred stock dividend income
|
|
|
3,656
|
|
|
3,421
|
|
|
Net premium/discount (amortization) accretion
|
|
|
5,697
|
|
|
(138
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
|
318,173
|
|
|
121,754
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
|
59,053
|
|
|
20,740
|
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
95,128
|
|
|
28,269
|
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
8,395
|
|
|
245
|
|
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
2,307
|
|
|
1,430
|
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
9,459
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other interest expense
|
|
|
3,579
|
|
|
803
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(92
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total interest expense
|
|
|
(177,829
|
)
|
|
(51,487
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
140,344
|
|
$
|
70,267
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
presented in the table above, net investment income increased $70.1 million in 2006 compared to 2005. The change from 2006 to 2005 is primarily attributable to the increase in
our investment portfolio during 2006. As of December 31, 2006, we held $4.3 billion in investments in loans and securities available-for-sale and had borrowings
outstanding totaling $3.7 billion. In comparison, as of December 31, 2005, investments in loans and securities available-for-sale totaled $3.0 billion and
borrowings outstanding totaled $2.3 billion.
Net
investment income in the table above does not include equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate of $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and represented
our proportionate share of the net income of a limited partnership that was formed to hold the subordinated interests in three entities formed to execute secured financing transactions in the form of
CLOs.
58
The following table presents the components of other income for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
Comparative Other Income Components
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2005
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives and foreign exchange:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaptions
|
|
$
|
(92
|
)
|
$
|
(424
|
)
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(61
|
)
|
|
758
|
|
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
(896
|
)
|
|
(259
|
)
|
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
|
4,237
|
|
|
755
|
|
|
Foreign exchange contracts
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,211
|
|
|
Foreign exchange translation
|
|
|
1,257
|
|
|
(2,928
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total realized and unrealized gain on derivatives and foreign exchange
|
|
|
4,445
|
|
|
113
|
|
Net realized gain on investments
|
|
|
10,587
|
|
|
4,117
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
5,669
|
|
|
3,330
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
$
|
20,753
|
|
$
|
7,560
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
presented in the table above, other income totaled $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to $7.6 million for the year ended
December 31, 2005. This increase in total other income from the prior year is primarily attributable to increased investment activity during 2006, including the use of total rate of return
swaps and gains from the sales of certain investments, including the sale of a significant portion of our commercial real estate loan portfolio during 2006.
We
use total rate of return swaps to finance certain investments whereby we receive the sum of all interest, fees and any positive economic change in market value amounts from a
reference asset with a specified notional amount and pay interest on such notional plus any negative change in market value amounts from such asset. These agreements are recorded as derivatives and
classified by us as free-standing derivatives whereby any changes in the fair value to the agreements is recorded in other income. As of December 31, 2006, we had seven total rate
of return contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $222.6 million as compared to December 31, 2005 where we had two total rate of return contracts with an aggregate notional amount
of $131.7 million.
During
2006, we sold a substantial majority of our commercial real estate portfolio, consisting of $209.5 million in loans for a gain of $2.2 million.
59
Non-Investment Expenses
The following table presents the components of non-investment expenses for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
Comparative Non-Investment Expense Components
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2005
|
Related party management compensation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Base management fees
|
|
$
|
28,835
|
|
$
|
20,982
|
|
Incentive fees
|
|
|
7,844
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
28,619
|
|
|
29,809
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
65,298
|
|
|
50,791
|
Professional services
|
|
|
4,903
|
|
|
4,121
|
Insurance expense
|
|
|
909
|
|
|
975
|
Directors expenses
|
|
|
1,486
|
|
|
1,071
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
10,497
|
|
|
5,945
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
$
|
83,093
|
|
$
|
62,903
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
presented in the table above, our non-investment expenses increased by $20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the year ended
December 31, 2005. The increase in non-investment expenses from prior period is primarily attributable to our growth in 2006. The significant components of
non-investment expense are described below.
Management
compensation to related parties consists of base management fees and, for 2006, incentive fees payable to our Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement, and share-based
compensation related to restricted common shares and common share options granted to our Manager. The base management fee payable was calculated in accordance with the Management Agreement and is
based on an annual rate of 1.75% times our "equity" as defined in the Management Agreement. Our Manager is also entitled to a quarterly incentive fee provided that our quarterly "net income," as
defined in the Management Agreement, before the payment of the incentive fee exceeds a defined return hurdle. We did not exceed the applicable hurdle during any quarter in the year ended
December 31, 2005. Incentive fees of $7.8 million were earned by the Manager during the year ended December 31, 2006.
General
and administrative expenses consist of expenses incurred by our Manager on our behalf that are reimbursable to our Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement. Professional
services expenses consist of legal, accounting and other professional services. Directors expenses represent
share-based compensation, as well as expenses and reimbursables due to the board of directors for their services.
For 2006 and 2005, we elected to be taxed as a REIT and we believe that we complied with the provisions of the Code with respect thereto. Accordingly, we were not
subject to federal income tax to the extent that we currently distributed our income and satisfied certain asset, income and ownership tests, and recordkeeping requirements.
TRS Inc.,
our domestic taxable corporate subsidiary, was taxed as a regular subchapter C corporation under the provisions of the Code. TRS Inc. was formed to make,
from time to time, certain investments that would not be REIT qualifying investments if made directly by us, and to earn
60
income
that would not be REIT qualifying income if earned directly by us. For the year ended December 31, 2006, TRS Inc. had pre-tax net income of $2.9 million and the
provision for income taxes totaled $1.0 million. As of December 31, 2006, TRS Inc. had an income tax liability of $0.3 million.
CLO 2005-1,
CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, KKR Financial CDO 2005-1 Ltd. ("CDO 2005-1") and
KKR Financial CLO 2006-2 ("CLO 2006-2") were foreign taxable corporate subsidiaries that were established to facilitate securitization transactions,
structured as secured financing transactions, and TRS Ltd. was a foreign taxable corporate subsidiary that was formed to make from time to time, certain foreign investments. They were organized
as exempted companies incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and were generally not subject to federal and state income tax at the corporate entity level because
they restricted their activities in the United States to trading in stock and securities for their own account. Therefore, despite their status as taxable corporate subsidiaries, they generally were
not subject to corporate income tax on their earnings, and no provisions for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2006 or 2005 were recorded; however, we are generally required to
include their current taxable income in our calculation of REIT taxable income.
Financial Condition
Summary
The tables below summarize the carrying value, amortized cost, and estimated fair value of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2007 and
December 31, 2006, classified by interest rate type. Carrying value is the value that investments are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets and is estimated fair value for securities,
amortized cost for loans held for investment, and the lower of amortized cost or market value for loans held for sale. Estimated fair values set forth in the tables below are based on dealer quotes
and/or nationally recognized pricing services.
61
The table below summarizes our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2007 classified by interest rate type:
Investment Portfolio
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Portfolio Mix
% by Fair Value
|
|
Floating Rate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Loans
|
|
$
|
8,591,430
|
|
$
|
8,591,430
|
|
$
|
8,297,908
|
|
85.2
|
%
|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
|
200,341
|
|
|
218,722
|
|
|
200,341
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Floating Rate
|
|
|
8,791,771
|
|
|
8,810,152
|
|
|
8,498,249
|
|
87.2
|
|
Fixed Rate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Loans
|
|
|
67,778
|
|
|
67,778
|
|
|
65,688
|
|
0.7
|
|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
|
1,111,423
|
|
|
1,219,305
|
|
|
1,111,423
|
|
11.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Fixed Rate
|
|
|
1,179,201
|
|
|
1,287,083
|
|
|
1,177,111
|
|
12.1
|
|
Marketable and Non-Marketable Equity Securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common and Preferred Stock
|
|
|
47,777
|
|
|
58,529
|
|
|
47,777
|
|
0.5
|
|
Non-Marketable Equity Securities
|
|
|
20,084
|
|
|
20,084
|
|
|
20,084
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Marketable and Non-Marketable Equity Securities
|
|
|
67,861
|
|
|
78,613
|
|
|
67,861
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total(1)
|
|
$
|
10,038,833
|
|
$
|
10,175,848
|
|
$
|
9,743,221
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Total
carrying value excludes allowance for loan losses of $25.0 million.
The
schedule above excludes equity securities sold, not yet purchased, with an amortized cost of $103.1 million and for which we had accumulated net unrealized
gains of $2.7 million as of December 31, 2007.
The
table below summarizes our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2006, classified by interest rate type:
Investment Portfolio
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Portfolio Mix
% by Fair Value
|
|
Floating Rate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Loans
|
|
$
|
3,309,260
|
|
$
|
3,309,260
|
|
$
|
3,330,526
|
|
74.2
|
%
|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
|
357,696
|
|
|
344,650
|
|
|
357,696
|
|
8.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Floating Rate
|
|
|
3,666,956
|
|
|
3,653,910
|
|
|
3,688,222
|
|
82.2
|
|
Fixed Rate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Loans
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
0.6
|
|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
|
537,776
|
|
|
518,321
|
|
|
537,776
|
|
12.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Fixed Rate
|
|
|
562,776
|
|
|
543,321
|
|
|
562,776
|
|
12.6
|
|
Marketable and Non-Marketable Equity Securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common and Preferred Stock
|
|
|
68,968
|
|
|
68,113
|
|
|
68,968
|
|
1.5
|
|
Non-Marketable Equity Securities
|
|
|
166,323
|
|
|
166,323
|
|
|
166,323
|
|
3.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Marketable and Non-Marketable Equity Securities
|
|
|
235,291
|
|
|
234,436
|
|
|
235,291
|
|
5.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
4,465,023
|
|
$
|
4,431,667
|
|
$
|
4,486,289
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
62
There
were no equity securities sold, not yet purchased at December 31, 2006.
Asset Quality
We evaluate and monitor the asset quality of our investment portfolio by performing detailed credit reviews and by monitoring key credit statistics and trends.
The key credit statistics and trends we
monitor to evaluate the quality of our investments include credit ratings of both our investments and the issuer, financial performance of the issuer including earnings trends, free cash flows of the
issuer, debt service coverage ratios of the issuer, financial leverage of the issuer, and industry trends that have or may impact the issuer's current or future financial performance and debt service
ability. As of December 31, 2007, none of our investments in corporate debt securities and corporate loans were delinquent on principal or interest payments and none of the investments were in
default status. One corporate loan investment, with a principal balance of $18.9 million, was paying penalty interest due to violation of a non-financial covenant. Based upon our
evaluation, we have determined that the covenant violation is not a reflection of the credit quality of the investment and we have determined that the investment is not impaired. In addition, during
the fourth quarter of 2007, we recorded a charge of $5.9 million to recognize the unrealized loss on one investment in a corporate debt security that we determined to be
other-than-temporarily impaired. As of December 31, 2007, our allowance for loan losses for corporate loans totaled $25.0 million and there were no
write-offs of loans or losses charged against the allowance for loan losses during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
The following table summarizes the par value of our corporate debt securities portfolio stratified by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") and
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("Standard & Poor's") ratings category as of December 31, 2007 and 2006:
Corporate Debt Securities
(Amounts in thousands)
Ratings Category
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
Aaa/AAA
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Aa1/AA+ through Aa3/AA-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1/A+ through A3/A-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baa1/BBB+ through Baa3/BBB-
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,071
|
Ba1/BB+ through Ba3/BB-
|
|
|
236,553
|
|
|
174,500
|
B1/B+ through B3/B-
|
|
|
431,478
|
|
|
370,315
|
Caa1/CCC+ and lower
|
|
|
772,315
|
|
|
208,505
|
Non-Rated
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
86,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,470,346
|
|
$
|
878,891
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our corporate loan portfolio totaled $8.6 billion as of December 31, 2007 and $3.3 billion as of December 31, 2006. Our corporate loan
portfolio consists of debt obligations of corporations, partnerships and other entities in the form of first and second lien loans, mezzanine loans and bridge loans.
As
of December 31, 2007, there were no corporate loan balances placed on non-accrual status. As of December 31, 2006, one corporate loan with a balance of
$22.2 million was placed on non-accrual
63
status.
Accordingly, we did not recognize $0.3 million of interest income related to this loan. As part of our allowance for loan losses analysis as of December 31, 2006, we determined
that the loan is collectible and sufficiently collateralized. Accordingly, no provision for loan losses was recorded for this loan.
As
previously described, we performed an allowance for loan losses analysis as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, and made the determination that
$25.0 million and nil be recorded for allowance for loan losses for our corporate loan portfolio as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
The
following table summarizes the par value of our corporate loan portfolio stratified by Moody's and Standard & Poor's ratings category as of December 31, 2007 and
December 31, 2006:
Corporate Loans
(Amounts in thousands)
Ratings Category
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
Aaa/AAA
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Aa1/AA+ through Aa3/AA-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1/A+ through A3/A-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baa1/BBB+ through Baa3/BBB-
|
|
|
10,353
|
|
|
77,326
|
Ba1/BB+ through Ba3/BB-
|
|
|
4,595,862
|
|
|
1,767,506
|
B1/B+ through B3/B-
|
|
|
3,391,638
|
|
|
1,244,738
|
Caa1/CCC+ and lower
|
|
|
405,584
|
|
|
93,340
|
Non-rated
|
|
|
362,731
|
|
|
158,294
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
8,766,168
|
|
$
|
3,341,204
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset Repricing Characteristics
The table below summarizes the repricing characteristics of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, and is
classified by interest rate type:
Investment Portfolio
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
|
|
As of December 31, 2007
|
|
As of December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
Portfolio Mix
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
Portfolio Mix
|
|
Floating Rate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Loans
|
|
$
|
8,591,430
|
|
85.1
|
%
|
$
|
3,309,260
|
|
78.8
|
%
|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
|
218,722
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
344,650
|
|
8.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Floating Rate
|
|
|
8,810,152
|
|
87.3
|
|
|
3,653,910
|
|
87.1
|
|
Fixed Rate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Loans
|
|
|
67,778
|
|
0.6
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
0.6
|
|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
|
1,219,305
|
|
12.1
|
|
|
518,321
|
|
12.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Fixed Rate
|
|
|
1,287,083
|
|
12.7
|
|
|
543,321
|
|
12.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
10,097,235
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
$
|
4,197,231
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
64
The
table above excludes marketable equity securities with a fair value of $47.8 million and a cost of $58.5 million, and non-marketable equity securities with
a cost of $20.1 million as of December 31, 2007. The table above also excludes marketable equity securities with a fair value of $69.0 million and a cost of $68.1 million,
and non-marketable equity securities with a cost of $166.3 million as of December 31, 2006.
All of our floating rate corporate loans and securities have index reset frequencies of less than twelve months with the majority of the loans resetting at least
quarterly. The weighted-average coupon on our floating rate corporate loans and securities was 7.87% and 8.00% as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. As of
December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the weighted-average years to maturity of our floating rate corporate loans and securities was 5.7 years and 5.9 years,
respectively.
As
of December 31, 2007, our fixed rate corporate loans and securities had a weighted-average coupon of 10.45% and a weighted-average years to maturity of 7.4 years, as
compared to 9.59% and 7.7 years, respectively, as of December 31, 2006.
Portfolio Purchases
We purchased $7.2 billion and $3.7 billion par amount of investments during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
The
table below summarizes our investment portfolio purchases for the periods indicated and includes the par amount of the securities and loans that were purchased:
Investment Portfolio Purchases
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
Par Amount
|
|
%
|
|
Par Amount
|
|
%
|
|
Securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
$
|
1,142,050
|
|
15.9
|
%
|
$
|
618,516
|
|
16.6
|
%
|
Marketable Equity Securities
|
|
|
59,236
|
|
0.8
|
|
|
40,375
|
|
1.2
|
|
Non-Marketable Equity Securities
|
|
|
13,190
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
121,515
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Securities Principal Balance
|
|
|
1,214,476
|
|
16.9
|
|
|
780,406
|
|
21.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Loans
|
|
|
5,992,481
|
|
83.1
|
|
|
2,920,684
|
|
78.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grand Total Principal Balance
|
|
$
|
7,206,957
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
$
|
3,701,090
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
schedule above excludes purchases of equity securities sold, not yet purchased, with a par amount of $256.9 million as of December 31, 2007. There were no equity
securities sold, not yet purchased as of December 31, 2006.
Discontinued Operations
In August 2007, our board of directors approved a plan to exit our residential mortgage investment operations, including KFH II, and to sell our REIT
Subsidiary. Accordingly, we have reported our residential mortgage investment operations, including the REIT Subsidiary, as a discontinued operation for all periods presented. The assets and
liabilities of our residential mortgage investment operations consist primarily of investments in residential mortgage loans and securities, interest and principal
65
receivable
from our residential mortgage loans and securities, cash and restricted cash and equivalents balances, and debt and related interest payable consisting of repurchase agreements and secured
liquidity notes that are used to finance investments in residential mortgage loans and securities. Investments in residential mortgage loans and securities are accounted for at fair value as we
elected the fair value option of accounting for our investments in residential mortgage loans and securities as of January 1, 2007. Changes in the fair value of residential mortgage loans and
securities are included in (losses) income from discontinued operations on our consolidated statements of operations.
Our
decision to exit the residential mortgage investment operations business, including KFH II, and to sell our REIT Subsidiary was based on various considerations including, but
not limited to, the following: (i) our restructuring from a REIT to a publicly traded LLC which enabled us to execute our core business of investing in corporate loans and debt
securities without having to invest in residential mortgage assets to qualify as a REIT; and (ii) the material adverse change in the mortgage industry and associated liquidity crisis in the
capital markets that arose during the third quarter of 2007, which resulted in us being unable to finance our residential mortgage investments on reasonable financial terms.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, we sold approximately $5.2 billion of residential mortgage-backed securities and recognized a loss of approximately
$65.0 million. Included in the $5.2 billion sale of residential mortgage-backed securities that were sold were approximately $3.5 billion of residential mortgage backed securities
rated AAA/Aaa that were issued by securitization trusts where we own the subordinated interests. We consolidate these securitization trusts as we are the primary beneficiary under FIN 46R, and
as a result, the sales were accounted for on a consolidated basis as issuances of residential mortgage-backed securities. We elected the fair value option under SFAS No. 159 for the residential
mortgage-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts and therefore are carrying mortgage-backed securities issued by securitization trusts at fair value with changes in fair value reflected
in income (loss) from discontinued operations.
As
of December 31, 2007, $0.6 billion of residential mortgage loans and $3.0 billion of residential mortgage-backed securities were pledged as collateral for the
SLNs issued by the Facilities that are accounted for as subsidiaries of the REIT Subsidiary as the REIT Subsidiary is the primary beneficiary of these entities under FIN 46R. As previously
described under "Impact of Credit Market Events," on October 18, 2007, we announced that the REIT Subsidiary had consummated the October Transaction.
On the February Maturity Date (February 15, 2008) we entered into the Amendment Agreement with the holders of the SLNs to allow for further discussions regarding the status of the Facilities.
Pursuant to the Amendment Agreement the February Maturity Date has been extended to the Extension Period (ending on March 3, 2008). The holders of a majority of the SLNs have the right to
terminate the Extension Period upon one business day prior written notice. Upon the expiration or termination of the Extension Period without further agreement on modifications to the Facilities, the
SLNs that were originally due and payable on the February Maturity Date become due and payable. In connection with the October Transaction, certain holders of the SLNs agreed to receive an
in-kind distribution of the mortgage-backed securities serving as collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding principal amount of their SLNs. This resulted in SLN
holders holding approximately $1.2 billion of SLNs receiving approximately $1.2 billion face value of mortgage-backed securities as payment-in-kind for the SLNs.
In connection with the Amendment Agreement, certain holders of SLNs have been given the option during the Extension Period to receive an in-kind distribution of the mortgage-backed
securities serving as collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding principal amount of their SLNs. Upon expiration or termination of the Extension Period, the remaining holders of
SLNs have the right to receive at their election an in-kind distribution of the mortgage-backed securities serving as collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding
principal amount of their SLNs.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, we recorded a charge for discontinued operations of approximately $243.7 million. The components of this charge consist of an
approximate $199.9 million
66
investment
in the Facilities, a reserve of $36.5 million for contingencies related to the Facilities, and an accrual for legal, accounting, and consulting fees of approximately
$7.3 million. The $199.9 million charge for our investment in the Facilities includes the write-off of our investment in the REIT Subsidiary.
Summarized
financial information for discontinued operations is as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
Assets of discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
7,129,106
|
|
$
|
12,743,069
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities of discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
7,012,284
|
|
$
|
12,090,678
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss)
income from discontinued operations is as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2005
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(312,606
|
)
|
$
|
52,570
|
|
$
|
43,301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders' Equity
Our shareholders' equity at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 totaled $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively. Included in
our shareholders' equity as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, is accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income totaling $(157.2) million and $70.5 million, respectively.
Our
average shareholders' equity and return on average shareholders' equity for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $1.7 billion and (6.0)%, respectively. Return on
average shareholders' equity is defined as net income (loss) divided by weighted average shareholders' equity. Our average shareholders' equity and return on average shareholders' equity for the year
ended December 31, 2006 were $1.7 billion and 7.9%, respectively.
Our
book value per share as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 was $14.27 and $21.42, respectively, and is computed based on 115,248,990,and 80,464,713 shares
issued and outstanding as December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
On
May 3, 2007, our board of directors authorized a cash distribution of $0.56 per share for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 to shareholders of record on May 17,
2007. The aggregate amount of the distribution of $45.1 million was paid on May 31, 2007.
On
August 2, 2007, our board of directors declared a cash distribution of $0.56 per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2007 to shareholders of record on August 16,
2007. The aggregate amount of the distribution of $45.1 million was paid on August 30, 2007.
On
November 1, 2007, our board of directors declared a cash distribution of $0.50 per share for the quarter ended September 30, 2007 to shareholders of record on
November 15, 2007. The aggregate amount of the distribution of $57.6 million was paid on November 29, 2007.
On
February 1, 2008, our board of directors declared a cash distribution of $0.50 per share for the quarter ended December 31, 2007 to shareholders of record on
February 15, 2008. The distribution will be paid on February 29, 2008. The aggregate amount of the distribution was $57.6 million.
On
August 21, 2007, we consummated a common share offering of 16.0 million common shares to seven unaffiliated institutional investors in separately negotiated public
transactions registered under the 1933 Act at a price of $14.40 per share, which was the closing price of our common shares on the
67
NYSE
on August 17, 2007. Proceeds from the transaction totaled $230.4 million and we will use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes.
On
the same date, we announced a rights offering of our common shares of up to $270.0 million in which we distributed non-transferable rights to subscribe for
18.75 million common shares. Each holder of common shares received 0.19430 rights for each common share held at the close of business on August 30, 2007, the record date for the rights
offering. The subscription price for the common shares offered in the rights offering was $14.40 per common share, which was the closing price of our common shares on August 17, 2007. In
connection with this rights offering, certain principals of KKR agreed to provide a backstop commitment to purchase up to approximately $100.0 million of common shares at the price of $14.40 to
the extent the rights offering was not fully subscribed. The rights offering expired on September 19, 2007 and generated gross proceeds totaling $213.4 million, which we will use for
general corporate purposes. On October 2, 2007, certain principals of KKR
purchased 3.9 million common shares pursuant to the backstop commitment for proceeds generating $56.6 million, which we will use for general corporate purposes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We manage our liquidity with the intention of maintaining the continuing ability to fund our operations and fulfill our commitments on a timely and
cost-effective basis. Based on changes in our working capital, for any given period the cash flows provided by operating activities may be less than the cumulative distributions paid on
our shares for such period and such shortfall, if any, may be funded through the issuance of unsecured indebtedness or through the borrowing of additional amounts through the pledging of certain of
our assets. Our board of directors considers available liquidity when declaring distributions to shareholders. As of December 31, 2007, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaling
$524.1 million.
Significant
disruptions in the residential mortgage and asset-backed commercial paper markets beginning in the third quarter of 2007 had a material adverse impact on both the values and
related financings of our investments in residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. In light of the adverse market conditions that occurred, we took several steps as described
previously under "Executive Overview".
We
believe that our liquidity level and access to additional financing is in excess of that necessary to sufficiently enable us to meet our anticipated liquidity requirements including,
but not limited to, funding our purchases of investments, required cash payments and additional collateral under our borrowings and our derivative transactions, required periodic cash payments related
to our derivative transactions, payment of fees and expenses related to our Management Agreement, payment of general corporate expenses and general corporate capital expenditures, distributions to our
shareholders and implementing our long-term business strategy, although there can be no assurance in this regard. As of December 31, 2007, we owed our Manager $9.7 million
for the payment of management fees, collateral management fees and reimbursable expenses pursuant to the Management Agreement.
Our
ability to meet our long-term liquidity and capital resource requirements may be subject to our ability to obtain additional debt financing and equity capital. We may
increase our capital resources through offerings of equity securities (possibly including common shares and one or more classes of preferred shares), commercial paper, medium-term notes,
securitization transactions structured as secured financings, and senior or subordinated notes. If we are unable to renew, replace or expand our sources of financing on acceptable terms, it may have
an adverse effect on our business and results of operations and our ability to make distributions to shareholders. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and lenders with respect to other
borrowings will receive, and any holders of preferred shares that we may issue in the future may receive, a distribution of our available assets prior to holders of our common shares. The decisions by
investors and lenders to enter into equity, and financing
68
transactions
with us will depend upon a number of factors, including our historical and projected financial performance, compliance with the terms of our current credit arrangements, industry and
market trends, the availability of capital and our investors' and lenders' policies and rates applicable thereto, and the relative attractiveness of alternative investment or lending opportunities.
Sources of Funds
On September 19, 2006, we closed CLO 2006-1, our third $1.0 billion CLO transaction that provides us with secured financing for
investments consisting of corporate loans and certain other loans and securities. The investments that are owned by CLO 2006-1 collateralize the CLO 2006-1 debt, and as a
result, those investments are not available to us, our creditors or shareholders. CLO 2006-1 issued a total of $727.5 million of senior secured notes at par to investors and we
retained $145.5 million of rated mezzanine notes and $144.0 million of unrated subordinated notes issued by CLO 2006-1.
On
May 22, 2007, we closed CLO 2007-1, a $3.5 billion secured financing transaction. We issued $2.4 billion of senior secured notes at par to
unaffiliated investors with a weighted-average coupon of three-month LIBOR plus 0.53% and issued $244.7 million of mezzanine notes and $186.6 million of subordinated notes to the KKR
Strategic Capital Funds. The investments that are owned by CLO 2007-1 collateralize the CLO 2007-1 debt, and as a result, those investments are not available to us, our
creditors or shareholders.
On
October 31, 2007, we closed CLO 2007-A, a $1.5 billion secured financing transaction. We issued $1.2 billion of senior secured notes at par to
unaffiliated investors with a weighted-average coupon of three-month LIBOR plus 0.87% and issued $79.0 million of mezzanine notes and $15.1 million of subordinated notes to the KKR
Strategic Capital Funds. The investments that are owned by CLO 2007-A collateralize the CLO 2007-A debt, and as a result, those investments are not available to us, our
creditors or shareholders.
On
October 31, 2007, we closed an €800.0 million warehouse facility that is structured as a repurchase facility to provide financing for investments in
non-U.S. dollar corporate loans and securities. The investments that are owned by the warehouse facility collateralize the warehouse facility, and as a result, those investments are not
available to us, our creditors, or shareholders. As of December 31, 2007, no borrowings were outstanding under this facility.
On
November 5, 2007, we closed Wayzata, which is a $2.0 billion CLO transaction that provides five-year term financing for investments in corporate loans and
securities. The investments owned by Wayzata collateralize non-recourse debt issued by Wayzata. As a result, those investments are not available to us, our creditors, or shareholders.
Through Wayzata, we are able to issue up to $1.6 billion of senior secured notes at a weighted-average coupon of three-month LIBOR plus 1.28%. As of December 31, 2007, no senior secured
notes had been issued by Wayzata.
As of December 31, 2007, we had $2.6 billion outstanding on repurchase facilities with six counterparties with a weighted average effective rate of
5.39% and a weighted average remaining term to maturity of 139 days. Because we borrow under repurchase agreements based on the estimated fair value of our pledged investments, and because
changes in interest rates can negatively impact the valuation of our pledged investments, our ongoing ability to borrow under our repurchase facilities may be limited and our lenders may initiate
margin calls in the event interest rates change or the value of our pledged securities decline as a result of adverse changes in interest rates or credit spreads.
69
At
December 31, 2007, we had repurchase agreements with the following counterparties (dollar amounts in thousands):
Counterparty(2)
|
|
Amount
At Risk(1)
|
|
Weighted Average
Maturity (Days)
|
|
Weighted Average
Interest Rate
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
|
$
|
94,017
|
|
166
|
|
5.36
|
%
|
J. P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A
|
|
|
89,426
|
|
168
|
|
5.35
|
|
Citigroup Global Markets Ltd
|
|
|
72,024
|
|
184
|
|
5.35
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
|
|
68,628
|
|
190
|
|
5.35
|
|
Bank of America
|
|
|
48,776
|
|
5
|
|
5.64
|
|
Credit Suisse First Boston LLC.
|
|
|
6,745
|
|
21
|
|
3.16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
379,616
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Computed
as an amount equal to the estimated fair value of securities or loans sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of repurchase agreement liabilities plus accrued
interest expense.
-
(2)
-
Counterparty
includes subsidiaries and affiliates of each counterparty listed.
On December 14, 2007, we amended our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 4, 2007, with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative
Agent and the lender parties thereto, and the REIT Subsidiary, TRS Inc., TRS Ltd., KFH II, KFH III, KKR Financial Holdings, Inc. and KKR Financial Holdings, Ltd. The
amendment decreased the size of the credit facility from $800.0 million to $500.0 million. Outstanding borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at either (a) an interest
rate per annum equal to the LIBOR rate for the applicable interest period plus 0.825% for borrowings under tranche A of the facility and 1.075% for borrowings under tranche B of the
facility or (b) an alternate base rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) the prime rate in effect on such day and (ii) the federal funds rate in effect on such day plus 0.50%.
In addition, pursuant to this amendment our financial covenants were amended to now require that we:
-
-
maintain
adjusted consolidated tangible net worth of at least $1.437 billion plus an amount equal to 85% of the net proceeds, subject to certain exceptions, from the
issuance of equity interests (as defined in the amendment) subsequent to September 30, 2007;
-
-
not
permit our adjusted net income from continuing operations to be less than $1.00 for any quarter; and
-
-
not
exceed a leverage ratio (as defined in the amendment) of 4.75 to 1.0, computed on a basis that generally excludes debt of discontinued operations.
70
During March 2006, we formed KKR Financial Capital Trust I ("Trust I") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On March 28, 2006, Trust
I issued preferred securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $50.0 million and common securities to us for $1.6 million. The combined proceeds were invested by Trust I
in $51.6 million of junior subordinated notes issued by us. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust I and mature on April 30, 2036, but are callable on or after
April 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 7.64% through March 2016 and thereafter at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.65%.
During
June 2006, we formed KKR Financial Capital Trust II ("Trust II") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On June 2, 2006, Trust II issued preferred
securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $50.0 million and common securities to us for $1.6 million. The combined proceeds were invested by Trust II in
$51.6 million of junior subordinated notes issued by us. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust II and mature on July 30, 2036, but are callable on or after
July 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 8.09% through July 2016 and thereafter at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.65%.
During
August 2006, we formed KKR Financial Capital Trust III ("Trust III") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On August 10, 2006, Trust III issued
preferred securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $85.0 million and common securities to us for $2.6 million. The combined proceeds were invested by Trust III in
$87.6 million of junior subordinated notes issued by us. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust III and mature on October 30, 2036, but are callable on or after
October 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.35%.
During
September 2006, we formed KKR Financial Capital Trust IV ("Trust IV") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On September 15, 2006, Trust IV issued
preferred securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $15.0 million and common securities to us for $0.5 million. The combined proceeds were invested by Trust IV in
$15.5 million of junior subordinated notes issued by us. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust IV and mature on October 30, 2036, but are callable on or after
October 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.35%.
During
September 2006, we formed KKR Financial Capital Trust V ("Trust V") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On September 29, 2006, Trust V issued
preferred securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $50.0 million and common securities to us for $1.6 million. The combined proceeds were invested by Trust V in
$51.6 million of junior subordinated notes issued by us. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust V and mature on October 30, 2036, but are callable on or after
October 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 7.395% through October 2016 and thereafter at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.25%.
During
June 2007, we formed KKR Financial Capital Trust VI ("Trust VI") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On June 29, 2007, Trust VI issued preferred
securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $70.0 million and common securities to us for $2.2 million. The combined proceeds were invested by Trust VI in
$72.2 million of junior subordinated notes issued by us. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust VI and mature on July 30, 2037, but are callable on or after
July 30, 2012. Interest is payable quarterly at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.50%.
On July 23, 2007, we issued an aggregate of $300.0 million of 7.000% convertible notes maturing on July 15, 2012 to qualified institutional
buyers. The Notes represent senior unsecured obligations of
71
us
and bear interest at the rate of 7.000% per year. Interest is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning January 15, 2008.
The
Notes are convertible into our common shares, initially at a conversion rate of 31.08 shares per $1,000 principal of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of
$32.175 per common share. The Notes are convertible prior to the maturity date at any time on or after June 15, 2012 and also under the following circumstances: (i) a holder may
surrender any of its Notes for conversion during any calendar quarter beginning after September 30, 2007 (and only during such calendar quarter) if, and only if, the closing sale price of our
common shares for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) in the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the preceding calendar quarter is greater than
130% of the conversion price per common share in effect on the applicable trading day; (ii) a holder may surrender any of its Notes for conversion during the five consecutive
trading-day period following any five consecutive trading-day period in which the trading price of the Notes was less than 98% of the product of the closing sale price of our
common shares multiplied by the applicable conversion rate; (iii) a holder may surrender for conversion any of its Notes if those Notes have been called for redemption, at any time prior to the
redemption date, even if the Notes are not otherwise convertible at such time; and (iv) a holder may
surrender any of its Notes for conversion if we engage in certain specified transactions, as defined in the indenture covering the Notes.
In
connection with our common share rights offering during the third quarter, we adjusted the conversion rate for our Notes pursuant to the governing indenture for the Notes. The new
conversion price for the Notes is approximately $31.00 and was effective September 21, 2007. The new conversion rate for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes is 32.2581 of our common shares.
As discussed above in "Shareholders' Equity", on August 21, 2007, we consummated a common share offering with proceeds from the transaction totaling
$230.4 million. On the same date, we announced a rights offering of common shares to our common shareholders of up to $270.0 million. In connection with this rights offering, certain
principals of KKR agreed to provide a backstop commitment to purchase a certain amount of common shares to the extent the rights offering was not fully subscribed. The rights offering expired on
September 19, 2007 with proceeds totaling $270.0 million, including $56.6 million of proceeds received from the backstop commitment on October 2, 2007. The net proceeds
received from the common share offering and common share rights offering will be used for general corporate purposes.
As of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, we had shareholders' equity totaling $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively and
our leverage was 6.1 times and 2.1 times equity, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, we had committed to purchase corporate loans with aggregate commitments totaling $209.1 million. In a typical loan
syndication, there is a delay between the time we are informed of our allocable portion of such loan and the actual funding of such loan.
We
participate in certain financing arrangements, including revolvers and delayed draw facilities, whereby we are committed to provide funding at the discretion of the borrower up to a
specific predetermined amount. As of December 31, 2007, we had unfunded financing commitments totaling $109.9 million.
72
The table below summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2007. The table below excludes accrued interest expenses, contractual commitments
related to our derivatives, and amounts payable under the Management Agreement that we have with our Manager because those contracts do not have fixed and determinable payments:
Contractual Obligations
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
Payments Due by Period
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Less than
1 year
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
3-5 Years
|
|
More than
5 years
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility(1)
|
|
|
156,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
156,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLO 2005-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
831,428
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
831,428
|
CLO 2005-2 senior secured notes
|
|
|
807,882
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
807,882
|
CLO 2006-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
727,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
727,500
|
CLO 2007-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
2,368,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,368,500
|
CLO 2007-1 junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
431,292
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
431,292
|
CLO 2007-A senior secured notes
|
|
|
1,213,300
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,213,300
|
CLO 2007-A junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
94,128
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94,128
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
329,908
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
329,908
|
Subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
152,574
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,500
|
|
|
134,074
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
10,077,292
|
|
$
|
2,664,111
|
|
$
|
156,669
|
|
$
|
318,500
|
|
$
|
6,938,012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Excludes
$10.4 million in borrowings classified as discontinued operations.
REIT Matters
As of December 31, 2007, we believe that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II (currently presented as discontinued operations), qualify as REITs under the
provisions of the Code. The Code requires, among other things, that at the end of each calendar quarter at least 75% of a REIT's total assets must be "real estate assets" as defined in the Code. The
Code also requires that each year at least 75% of a REIT's gross income come from real estate sources and at least 95% of a REIT's gross income come from real estate sources and certain other passive
sources itemized in the Code, such as dividends and interest. As of December 31, 2007, we believe that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II were in compliance with such requirements. As of
December 31, 2007, we also believe that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II met all of the REIT requirements regarding the ownership of their common stock and shares, respectively, and the
distribution of their taxable income. However, the sections of the Code and the
corresponding U.S. Treasury Regulations that relate to qualification and taxation as a REIT are highly technical and complex, and each REIT subsidiary's qualification and taxation as a REIT depends
upon its ability to meet various qualification tests imposed under the Code (such as those described above), including through its actual annual operating results, asset composition, distribution
levels and diversity of share ownership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II have been organized and have operated, or will continue to be organized and
operated, in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as REITs.
73
To
maintain their status as REITs for federal income tax purposes, the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II are required to distribute at least 90% of their REIT taxable income for each
year. In addition, for each taxable year, to avoid certain federal excise taxes, the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II are required to declare and pay dividends amounting to certain designated
percentages of their taxable income by the end of such taxable year. For the periods covered by our calendar year 2007 and 2006 federal tax return, we believe that the REIT Subsidiary and
KFH II met all of the distribution requirements of a REIT.
Tax Treatment of Distributions
For tax reporting purposes, the dividend declared and paid in February 2007 on KKR Financial Corp.'s common stock was $0.54 per share. Of the total $0.54 per
share distribution, $0.28 per share, or 52%, is considered a nontaxable return of capital and $0.26 per share, or 48%, is considered an ordinary dividend taxable at ordinary rates to shareholders. No
portion of the distribution is eligible for the 15% qualified dividend tax rate or the corporate dividends received deduction.
Shareholders
should check their 2007 tax statements (Form 1099-DIV) received from our transfer agent or from the shareholder's brokerage firm(s) in order to ensure
that the dividend tax information for KKR Financial Corp. reported on such statements conforms to the information reported herein.
As a result of our restructuring from a REIT to a publicly-traded limited liability company ("LLC") on May 4, 2007, shareholders will no longer receive a
Form 1099-DIV, Dividends and Distributions, for annual tax reporting purposes with respect to distributions paid after February 2007, but instead will receive a
Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), Partner's Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc. We expect to mail the 2007 Schedule K-1s to shareholders by the end of March
2008.
The tax information above should not be construed as tax advice and is not a substitute for careful tax planning and analysis. You should consult your own tax
advisor regarding the specific federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to you regarding your ownership of our shares and the stock of our predecessor, the REIT Subsidiary.
Exemption from Regulation under the Investment Company Act
We intend to conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Section 3(a)(l)(C)
of the Investment Company Act defines as an investment company any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and
owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuer's total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated
basis. Excluded from the term "investment securities," among other things, are securities issued by majority owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the
exception from the definition of an investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(l) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.
After
the Restructuring Transaction, we were organized as a holding company that conducts its businesses primarily through majority-owned subsidiaries. As a result, the securities issued
to us by our subsidiaries that are excepted from the definition of an "investment company" by Section 3(c)(l) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any other "investment
securities" we may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of our total assets on an unconsolidated
74
basis.
The determination of whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of ours is made by us. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more
of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act further defines voting
securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We treat companies, including CLO issuers, in which we own at least a
majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test.
Our
subsidiaries that issue CLOs generally will rely on Rule 3a-7, an exemption from the Investment Company Act provided for certain structured financing vehicles.
Accordingly, each of our CLO subsidiaries that rely on Rule 3a-7 is subject to specific guidelines and restrictions, including a prohibition on the CLO issuers from acquiring and
disposing of assets primarily for the purposes of recognizing gains or decreasing losses resulting from market value changes. Certain sales and purchases of assets may be made so long as the CLOs do
not violate our guidelines and are not based primarily on the changes in market value. We can, however, sell assets without limitation if we believe the credit profile of the obligor will deteriorate.
The proceeds of permitted dispositions may be reinvested in collateral that is consistent with the credit profile of the CLO under specific and predetermined guidelines.
In
addition, the combined value of the investment securities issued by our subsidiaries that are excepted by Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together
with any other investment securities we may own, may not exceed 40% of the value of our total assets on an unconsolidated basis. This requirement limits the types of businesses in which we may engage
through these subsidiaries.
To
the extent that the SEC provides more specific or different guidance regarding the application of Rule 3a-7 of the Investment Company Act, we may be required to
adjust our investment strategy accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the investment strategy
we have chosen, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
From time to time, we may make investments that are denominated in a foreign currency through which we may be subject to foreign currency exchange risk.
Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that we will be unable to fulfill our obligations on a timely basis, continuously borrow funds in the market on a
cost-effective basis to fund actual or proposed commitments, or liquidate assets when needed at a reasonable price.
A
material event that impacts capital markets participants may impair our ability to access additional liquidity. If our cash resources are at any time insufficient to satisfy our
liquidity requirements, we may have to sell assets or issue debt or additional equity securities.
Our
ability to meet our long-term liquidity and capital resource requirements may be subject to our ability to obtain additional debt financing and equity capital. We may
increase our capital resources through offerings of equity securities (possibly including common shares and one or more classes of preferred shares), commercial paper, medium-term notes,
securitization transactions structured as secured financings, and senior or subordinated notes. If we are unable to renew, replace or expand our sources of financing on acceptable terms, it may have
an adverse effect on our business and results of
75
operations
and our ability to make distributions to shareholders. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive, and any holders of
preferred shares that we may issue in the future may receive, a distribution of our available assets prior to holders of our common shares. The decisions by investors and lenders to enter into equity,
and financing transactions with us will depend upon a number of factors, including our historical and projected financial performance, compliance with the terms of our current credit arrangements,
industry and market trends, the availability of capital and our investors' and lenders' policies and rates applicable thereto, and the relative attractiveness of alternative investment or lending
opportunities.
We
have established a formal liquidity contingency plan which provides guidelines for liquidity management. We determine our current liquidity position and forecast liquidity based on
anticipated changes in the balance sheet. We also stress test our liquidity position under several different stress scenarios. A stress test aims at capturing the impact of extreme (but rare) market
rate changes on the market value of equity and net interest income. This scenario is applied on a daily basis to our balance sheet and the resulting loss in cash is evaluated. Besides providing a
measure of the potential loss under the extreme scenario, this technique enables us to identify the nature of the changes in market risk factors to which it is the most sensitive, allowing us to take
appropriate action to address those risk factors. A 10% decrease in the fair value of our investments financed under agreements with mark-to-market margin posting requirements,
including total rate of return swap agreements, from their fair values as of December 31, 2007, would result in us posting an additional $236.9 million of collateral. Conversely, an
increase in the fair value of our investments would result in us receiving a portion of previously posted collateral. As of December 31, 2007, we had unencumbered cash and cash equivalents
totaling $524.1 million.
Our investments are subject to spread risk. Our investments in floating rate loans and securities are valued based on a market credit spread over LIBOR and are
valued affected similarly by changes in LIBOR spreads. Our investments in fixed rate loans and securities are valued based on a market credit spread over the rate payable on fixed rate U.S. Treasuries
of like maturity. Increased credit spreads, or credit spread widening, will have an adverse impact on the value of our investments while decreased credit spreads, or credit spread tightening, will
have a positive impact on the value of our investments.
Interest rate risk is defined as the sensitivity of our current and future earnings to interest rate volatility, variability of spread relationships, the
difference in repricing intervals between our assets and liabilities and the effect that interest rates may have on our cash flows and the prepayment rates experienced on our investments that have
imbedded borrower optionality. The objective of interest rate risk management is to achieve earnings, preserve capital and achieve liquidity by minimizing the negative impacts of changing interest
rates, asset and liability mix, and prepayment activity.
We
are exposed to basis risk between our investments and our borrowings. Interest rates on our floating rate investments and our variable rate borrowings do not reset on the same day or
with the same frequency and, as a result, we are exposed to basis risk with respect to index reset frequency. Our floating rate investments may reprice on indices that are different than the indices
that are used to price our variable rate borrowings and, as a result, we are exposed to basis risk with respect to repricing index. The basis risks noted above, in addition to other forms of basis
risk that exist between our investments and borrowings, may be material and could negatively impact future net interest margins.
76
Interest
rate risk impacts our interest income, interest expense, prepayments, and the fair value of our investments, interest rate derivatives, and liabilities. During periods of
increasing interest rates we are biased to purchase investments that are floating rate and we have had that bias since our inception. We manage our interest rate risk using various techniques ranging
from the purchase of floating rate investments to the use of interest rate derivatives. We generally fund our variable rate investments with variable rate borrowings with similar interest rate reset
frequencies. We generally fund our fixed rate and our hybrid investments with short-term variable rate borrowings and we may use interest rate derivatives to hedge the variability of the
cash flows associated with our existing or forecasted variable rate borrowings.
The
use of interest rate derivatives is a component of our interest risk management strategy. The contractual notional balance of our amortizing interest rate swaps as of
December 31, 2007, and for each of the following four years then ended, is $415.3 million. The contractual notional balance of our amortizing interest rate swaps as of
December 31, 2011 is $383.3 million.
The
following table summarizes the estimated net fair value of our derivative instruments held at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 (amounts in thousands):
Derivative Fair Value
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Notional
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Cash Flow Hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
383,333
|
|
$
|
(19,018
|
)
|
$
|
150,000
|
|
$
|
(1,711
|
)
|
Fair Value Hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
32,000
|
|
|
(1,212
|
)
|
|
32,000
|
|
|
13
|
|
Free-Standing Derivatives:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaptions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,000
|
|
|
75
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
112,500
|
|
|
1,950
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit default swapslong
|
|
|
66,000
|
|
|
(1,154
|
)
|
|
3,000
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
Credit default swapsshort
|
|
|
268,000
|
|
|
12,613
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
(797
|
)
|
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
|
442,204
|
|
|
(21,998
|
)
|
|
222,647
|
|
|
2,343
|
|
|
Foreign exchange contracts
|
|
|
6,656
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,310,693
|
|
$
|
(28,017
|
)
|
$
|
713,647
|
|
$
|
102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk in "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" section of
Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our consolidated financial statements and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm thereon, are set forth on pages F-1 through F-69 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
77
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, as of December 31, 2007. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in
Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in
Internal ControlIntegrated Framework
. Based on our assessment
under the
framework in
Internal ControlIntegrated Framework
, we concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of
December 31, 2007. The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.
Management's
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in "Item 8Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data."
During the quarter ended December 31, 2007, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A
within 120 days after December 31, 2007.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A
within 120 days after December 31, 2007.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A
within 120 days after December 31, 2007.
78
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A
within 120 days after December 31, 2007.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANTS FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC Pursuant to Regulation 14A
within 120 days after December 31, 2007.
PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Documents filed as part of this report:
1. and 2. Financial Statements and Schedules
All financial statement schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included
in our consolidated financial statements or notes thereto, included in Part II, Item 8, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
3. Exhibit Index:
Exhibit Number
|
|
Description
|
2.1
|
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of February 9, 2007 among the Registrant, KKR Financial Holdings LLC and KKR Financial Merger Corp. (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-140586) and any subsequent amendments thereto. Such Registration Statement was originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 9, 2007)
|
3.1*
|
|
Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of the Registrant, dated May 3, 2007
|
4.1
|
|
Form of Certificate for Common Shares (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-140586) and any subsequent amendments thereto. Such Registration
Statement was originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 9, 2007)
|
4.2**
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2004 between KKR Financial Corp. and Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc.
|
4.3
|
|
Indenture, dated as of July 23, 2007, by and among the Registrant, as Issuer, KKR Financial Corp., as Guarantor, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 23, 2007)
|
4.4
|
|
Form of 7.000% Convertible Senior Note due 2012 and Form of Notation of Guarantee (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
July 23, 2007)
|
4.5
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 23, 2007, among the Registrant, KKR Financial Corp. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 23, 2007)
|
10.1*
|
|
Amended and Restated Management Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2007, among the Registrant, KKR Financial Advisors LLC and KKR Financial Corp.
|
79
10.2
|
|
First Amendment Agreement to Amended and Restated Management Agreement, dated as of June 15, 2007, among the Registrant, KKR Financial Advisors LLC and KKR Financial Corp. (incorporated by reference to the
Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 15, 2007)
|
10.3*
|
|
2007 Share Incentive Plan
|
10.4*
|
|
Non-Employee Deferred Compensation and Share Incentive Plan
|
10.5*
|
|
Form of Nonqualified Share Option Agreement
|
10.6*
|
|
Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement
|
10.7***
|
|
Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement
|
10.8*
|
|
Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors
|
10.9*
|
|
Amended and Restated License Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2007, among the Registrant, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P. and KKR Financial Corp.
|
10.10**
|
|
Indenture, dated as of March 30, 2005, by and among KKR Financial CLO 2005-1, Ltd., KKR Financial Corp. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
|
10.11*
|
|
Amended and Restated License Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2007, among the Registrant, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P. and KKR Financial Corp.
|
10.12**
|
|
Letter Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2004, between KKR Financial Corp. and KKR Financial Advisors LLC
|
10.13*
|
|
Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2007, under the Bank of America, N.A. $800,000,000 Senior Credit Facility among the Registrant, KKR Financial Corp., KKR TRS Holdings, Inc., KKR
TRS Holdings, Ltd., KKR Financial Holdings II, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings III, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings, Inc. and KKR Financial Holdings, Ltd., the Lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent
and Swingline Lender
|
10.14***
|
|
First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2007, under the Bank of America, N.A. $800,000,000 Senior Credit Facility among the Registrant, KKR Financial Corp., KKR TRS
Holdings, Inc., KKR TRS Holdings, Ltd., KKR Financial Holdings II, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings III, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings, Inc. and KKR Financial Holdings, Ltd., the Lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A.,
as Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender
|
10.15***
|
|
Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 14, 2007, under the Bank of America, N.A. $800,000,000 Senior Credit Facility among the Registrant, KKR Financial Corp., KKR TRS
Holdings, Inc., KKR TRS Holdings, Ltd., KKR Financial Holdings II, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings III, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings, Inc. and KKR Financial Holdings, Ltd., the Lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A.,
as Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender
|
10.16***
|
|
Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2007, under the Bank of America, N.A. $800,000,000 Senior Credit Facility among the Registrant, KKR Financial Corp., KKR TRS
Holdings, Inc., KKR TRS Holdings, Ltd., KKR Financial Holdings II, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings III, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings, Inc. and KKR Financial Holdings, Ltd., the Lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A.,
as Administrative Agent and Swingline Lender
|
10.17**
|
|
Collateral Management Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2005, between KKR Financial CLO 2005-1, Ltd. and KKR Financial Advisors II, LLC
|
80
10.18**
|
|
Fee Waiver Letter, dated April 15, 2005, between KKR Financial CLO 2005-1, Ltd., KKR Financial Advisors II, LLC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|
21.1***
|
|
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant
|
23.1***
|
|
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP
|
31.1***
|
|
Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
|
31.2***
|
|
Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
|
32***
|
|
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
|
-
*
-
Incorporated
by reference to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 4, 2007.
-
**
-
Incorporated
by reference to KKR Financial Corp.'s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-124103) and any subsequent amendments
thereto. Such registration statement was originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 15, 2005.
-
***
-
Filed
herewith.
81
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this annual report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, and in the capacities indicated, thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
KKR FINANCIAL HOLDINGS LLC
(Registrant)
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/
SATURNINO S. FANLO
|
|
|
|
Name:
|
Saturnino S. Fanlo
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
Chief Executive Officer
|
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
SATURNINO S. FANLO
Saturnino S. Fanlo
|
|
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
JEFFREY B. VAN HORN
Jeffrey B. Van Horn
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
PAUL M. HAZEN
Paul M. Hazen
|
|
Chairman and Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
WILLIAM F. ALDINGER
William F. Aldinger
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
TRACY COLLINS
Tracy Collins
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
VINCENT PAUL FINIGAN
Vincent Paul Finigan
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
82
/s/
R. GLENN HUBBARD
R. Glenn Hubbard
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
ROSS J. KARI
Ross J. Kari
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
ELY L. LICHT
Ely L. Licht
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
DEBORAH H. MCANENY
Deborah H. McAneny
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
SCOTT C. NUTTALL
Scott C. Nuttall
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
/s/
WILLY STROTHOTTE
Willy Strothotte
|
|
Director
|
|
February 28, 2008
|
83
KKR FINANCIAL HOLDINGS LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND
REPORTS OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
For Inclusion in Form 10-K
Filed
with
Securities
and Exchange Commission
December 31,
2007
F-1
KKR FINANCIAL HOLDINGS LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
Page
|
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
|
|
F-3
|
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
F-4
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
|
F-7
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations
|
|
F-8
|
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
|
|
F-9
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
F-10
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
F-11
|
F-2
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of KKR Financial Holdings LLC (the "Company") is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial
reporting. The Company's internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company's management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of
published financial statements.
Management
assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the framework set forth by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in
Internal ControlIntegrated Framework
. Based on that assessment, management
concluded that, as of December 31, 2007, the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The
Company's independent auditors, Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, have issued an audit report on the Company's internal control
over financial reporting and their report follows.
F-3
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
KKR Financial Holdings LLC
San Francisco, California
We
have audited the internal control over financial reporting of KKR Financial Holdings LLC (the successor to KKR Financial Corp.) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of
December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in
Internal ControlIntegrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's
internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control
over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A
company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or
persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those
policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect
on the financial statements.
Because
of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material
misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to
future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In
our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in
Internal ControlIntegrated
Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
F-4
We
have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year
ended December 31, 2007 of the Company and our report dated February 28, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph
relating to the Company's adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157,
Fair Value Measurement
, and Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement
No. 115
, effective January 1, 2007.
/s/
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
San Francisco, California
February 28, 2008
F-5
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
KKR Financial Holdings LLC
San Francisco, California
We
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of KKR Financial Holdings LLC (the successor to KKR Financial Corp.) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of
December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America.
As
discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157,
Fair Value Measurement,
and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for Financial
Assets and Financial LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115
.
We
have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in
Internal ControlIntegrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
San Francisco, California
February 28, 2008
F-6
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Amounts in thousands, except share information)
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
524,080
|
|
$
|
5,125
|
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
1,063,528
|
|
|
137,992
|
|
Securities available-for-sale, $1,346,247 and $831,537 pledged as collateral as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively
|
|
|
1,359,541
|
|
|
964,440
|
|
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $25,000 and $0 as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively
|
|
|
8,634,208
|
|
|
3,334,260
|
|
Derivative assets
|
|
|
18,737
|
|
|
2,817
|
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
|
147,597
|
|
|
55,472
|
|
Receivable for securities sold
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,358
|
|
Non-marketable equity securities
|
|
|
20,084
|
|
|
166,323
|
|
Reverse repurchase agreements
|
|
|
69,840
|
|
|
|
|
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
104,035
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
79,304
|
|
|
50,286
|
|
Assets of discontinued operations
|
|
|
7,129,106
|
|
|
12,743,069
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
19,046,025
|
|
$
|
17,565,177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
|
$
|
1,087,662
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
5,948,610
|
|
|
2,252,500
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
525,420
|
|
|
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
156,669
|
|
|
34,710
|
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
|
41,658
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
329,908
|
|
|
257,743
|
|
Subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
152,574
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
|
|
|
7,390
|
|
|
19,113
|
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
103,557
|
|
|
48,066
|
|
Accrued interest payable to affiliates
|
|
|
44,121
|
|
|
|
|
Related party payable
|
|
|
9,694
|
|
|
6,901
|
|
Securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
|
100,394
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
|
46,754
|
|
|
2,715
|
|
Liabilities of discontinued operations
|
|
|
7,012,284
|
|
|
12,090,678
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
17,401,486
|
|
|
15,841,746
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders' Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred shares, no par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized and none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares, no par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, and 115,248,990 and 80,464,713 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paid-in-capital
|
|
|
2,167,156
|
|
|
1,671,135
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
|
|
|
(157,245
|
)
|
|
70,520
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(365,372
|
)
|
|
(18,224
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders' equity
|
|
|
1,644,539
|
|
|
1,723,431
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
|
|
$
|
19,046,025
|
|
$
|
17,565,177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Amounts in thousands, except per share information)
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2005
|
|
Net investment income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan interest income
|
|
$
|
461,055
|
|
$
|
230,583
|
|
$
|
94,843
|
|
Securities interest income
|
|
|
117,553
|
|
|
76,088
|
|
|
20,155
|
|
Dividend income
|
|
|
3,825
|
|
|
3,656
|
|
|
3,421
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
|
37,705
|
|
|
7,846
|
|
|
3,335
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
|
620,138
|
|
|
318,173
|
|
|
121,754
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(366,029
|
)
|
|
(177,829
|
)
|
|
(51,487
|
)
|
Interest expense to affiliates
|
|
|
(60,939
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
(25,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
168,170
|
|
|
140,344
|
|
|
70,267
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments
|
|
|
98,200
|
|
|
10,639
|
|
|
4,117
|
|
Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives and foreign exchange
|
|
|
(991
|
)
|
|
4,445
|
|
|
113
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
10,107
|
|
|
5,669
|
|
|
3,330
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
|
107,316
|
|
|
20,753
|
|
|
7,560
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-investment expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
52,535
|
|
|
65,298
|
|
|
50,791
|
|
General, administrative and directors expenses
|
|
|
18,294
|
|
|
12,892
|
|
|
7,991
|
|
Professional services
|
|
|
4,706
|
|
|
4,903
|
|
|
4,121
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
|
75,535
|
|
|
83,093
|
|
|
62,903
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate and income tax expense
|
|
|
199,951
|
|
|
78,004
|
|
|
14,924
|
|
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
12,706
|
|
|
5,722
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense
|
|
|
212,657
|
|
|
83,726
|
|
|
14,924
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
964
|
|
|
3,144
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
212,401
|
|
|
82,762
|
|
|
11,780
|
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(312,606
|
)
|
|
52,570
|
|
|
43,301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(100,205
|
)
|
$
|
135,332
|
|
$
|
55,081
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.36
|
|
$
|
1.04
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(3.47
|
)
|
$
|
0.66
|
|
$
|
0.72
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income per share
|
|
$
|
(1.11
|
)
|
$
|
1.70
|
|
$
|
0.92
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.34
|
|
$
|
1.03
|
|
$
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(3.45
|
)
|
$
|
0.65
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income per share
|
|
$
|
(1.11
|
)
|
$
|
1.68
|
|
$
|
0.90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
89,953
|
|
|
79,626
|
|
|
60,100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
90,640
|
|
|
80,408
|
|
|
61,189
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$
|
2.16
|
|
$
|
1.86
|
|
$
|
0.97
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-8
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
Common Shares
|
|
Paid-In Capital
|
|
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
|
|
Accumulated Deficit
|
|
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
|
|
Total Shareholders' Equity
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2005
|
|
41,004
|
|
$
|
761,737
|
|
$
|
1,720
|
|
$
|
(6,709
|
)
|
|
|
|
$
|
756,748
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55,081
|
|
$
|
55,081
|
|
|
55,081
|
|
Net change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedges
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,559
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,559
|
|
|
45,559
|
|
Net change in unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(28,935
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(28,935
|
)
|
|
(28,935
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
71,705
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash distributions on common shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(52,370
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(52,370
|
)
|
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of offering costs
|
|
39,375
|
|
|
848,817
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
848,817
|
|
Amortization of restricted common shares
|
|
|
|
|
28,104
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,104
|
|
Forfeiture of restricted common shares
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
Amortization of common share options
|
|
|
|
|
2,155
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,155
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2005
|
|
80,374
|
|
|
1,640,800
|
|
|
18,344
|
|
|
(3,998
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
1,655,146
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
135,332
|
|
$
|
135,332
|
|
|
135,332
|
|
Net change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedges
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,287
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,287
|
|
|
5,287
|
|
Net change in unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,889
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,889
|
|
|
46,889
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
187,508
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash distributions on common shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(149,558
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(149,558
|
)
|
Exercise of common share options by Manager
|
|
58
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
Grant of restricted common shares to Directors
|
|
33
|
|
|
163
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163
|
|
Amortization of restricted common shares
|
|
|
|
|
28,352
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,352
|
|
Amortization of common share options
|
|
|
|
|
670
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
670
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2006
|
|
80,465
|
|
|
1,671,135
|
|
|
70,520
|
|
|
(18,224
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
1,723,431
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of adjustment from adoption of SFAS No. 159
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,575
|
|
|
(55,728
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(34,153
|
)
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(100,205
|
)
|
$
|
(100,205
|
)
|
|
(100,205
|
)
|
Net change in unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(69,864
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(69,864
|
)
|
|
(69,864
|
)
|
Net change in unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(179,476
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(179,476
|
)
|
|
(179,476
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(349,545
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash distributions on common shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(191,215
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(191,215
|
)
|
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of offering costs
|
|
34,784
|
|
|
494,106
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
494,106
|
|
Amortization of restricted common shares
|
|
|
|
|
1,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,669
|
|
Amortization of common share options
|
|
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
115,249
|
|
$
|
2,167,156
|
|
$
|
(157,245
|
)
|
$
|
(365,372
|
)
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,644,539
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-9
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2005
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(100,205
|
)
|
$
|
135,332
|
|
$
|
55,081
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives, foreign exchange, and securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
|
(25,312
|
)
|
|
(4,500
|
)
|
|
(919
|
)
|
|
Write-off of debt issuance costs
|
|
|
2,247
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
|
1,915
|
|
|
29,185
|
|
|
30,246
|
|
|
Net unrealized loss on trading securities, whole loans, and liabilities at fair value
|
|
|
139,031
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized gains on sales of investments
|
|
|
(54,621
|
)
|
|
(10,585
|
)
|
|
(4,117
|
)
|
|
Depreciation and net amortization
|
|
|
(3,665
|
)
|
|
4,952
|
|
|
10,634
|
|
|
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
925
|
|
|
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
(12,706
|
)
|
|
(5,722
|
)
|
|
|
|
Changes in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
|
(39,264
|
)
|
|
(27,791
|
)
|
|
(57,621
|
)
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
(3,106
|
)
|
|
(1,468
|
)
|
|
(10,047
|
)
|
|
Related party payable
|
|
|
2,797
|
|
|
3,228
|
|
|
1,908
|
|
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
|
|
|
96,537
|
|
|
(2,799
|
)
|
|
46,833
|
|
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
36,601
|
|
|
15,576
|
|
|
20,644
|
|
|
Accrued interest payable to affiliates
|
|
|
44,121
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
109,371
|
|
|
135,407
|
|
|
95,067
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal payments from investments
|
|
|
3,533,757
|
|
|
4,612,989
|
|
|
2,407,538
|
|
Proceeds from sale of investments
|
|
|
3,756,419
|
|
|
1,352,953
|
|
|
588,294
|
|
Purchases of investments
|
|
|
(6,571,826
|
)
|
|
(8,168,669
|
)
|
|
(15,551,121
|
)
|
Net proceeds, purchases, and settlements of derivatives
|
|
|
32,119
|
|
|
5,118
|
|
|
(1,477
|
)
|
Net change in reverse repurchase agreements
|
|
|
(69,840
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents acquired due to consolidation of KKR Financial CLO 2007-1, Ltd.
|
|
|
57,104
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net additions to restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(930,085
|
)
|
|
(57,842
|
)
|
|
(78,902
|
)
|
Additions of leasehold improvements and equipment
|
|
|
(244
|
)
|
|
(6,726
|
)
|
|
(1,716
|
)
|
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
(60,327
|
)
|
|
(90,415
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(252,923
|
)
|
|
(2,352,592
|
)
|
|
(12,637,384
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from common share offerings and common share option exercises
|
|
|
494,106
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
|
848,817
|
|
Net change in repurchase agreements, secured revolving credit facility, and secured demand loan
|
|
|
(3,462,493
|
)
|
|
(5,322,312
|
)
|
|
8,269,620
|
|
Net change in asset-backed secured liquidity notes
|
|
|
(3,893,768
|
)
|
|
6,711,638
|
|
|
2,003,501
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
3,414,926
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repayment of mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
(245,573
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
3,696,110
|
|
|
752,500
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
|
Issuance of collateralized loan obligation junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
356,231
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of convertible senior notes
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
70,000
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
152,574
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of interest rate derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10,072
|
)
|
Distributions on common shares
|
|
|
(191,215
|
)
|
|
(149,558
|
)
|
|
(52,370
|
)
|
Other capitalized costs
|
|
|
(28,391
|
)
|
|
(37,218
|
)
|
|
(8,288
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
662,507
|
|
|
2,206,200
|
|
|
12,551,208
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
518,955
|
|
|
(10,985
|
)
|
|
8,891
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
|
5,125
|
|
|
16,110
|
|
|
7,219
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
$
|
524,080
|
|
$
|
5,125
|
|
$
|
16,110
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
831,521
|
|
$
|
1,759,435
|
|
$
|
259,074
|
|
Cash paid for income taxes
|
|
$
|
1,629
|
|
$
|
3,518
|
|
$
|
152
|
|
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (receivable) payable for securities (sold) purchased
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(1,358
|
)
|
$
|
196,315
|
|
Issuance of restricted common shares
|
|
$
|
845
|
|
$
|
163
|
|
$
|
42,405
|
|
Distributions of securities to the asset-backed secured liquidity noteholders
|
|
$
|
1,202,842
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Affiliate contributions for collateralized loan obligation junior secured notes
|
|
$
|
169,209
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-10
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Organization
KKR Financial Holdings LLC together with its subsidiaries (the "Company" or "KKR Financial") is a specialty finance company that uses leverage with the
objective of generating competitive risk-adjusted returns. The Company invests in financial assets primarily consisting of corporate loans and securities, including senior secured and
unsecured loans, mezzanine loans, high yield corporate bonds, distressed and stressed debt securities, marketable and non-marketable equity securities, and credit default and total rate of
return swaps. The Company also makes opportunistic investments in other asset classes from time to time. The Company invests in both cash and derivative instruments.
KKR
Financial Holdings LLC is a Delaware limited liability company and was organized on January 17, 2007. KKR Financial Holdings LLC is the successor to KKR
Financial Corp. (the "REIT Subsidiary"), a Maryland corporation. KKR Financial Corp. was originally incorporated in the State of Maryland in July 2004 and elected to be treated as a real estate
investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes. On May 4, 2007, KKR Financial completed a restructuring transaction (the "Restructuring Transaction"), pursuant to which the REIT
Subsidiary became a subsidiary of KKR Financial and each outstanding share of the REIT Subsidiary's common stock was converted into one of KKR Financial's common shares, which are publicly traded on
the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "KFN". KKR Financial intends to continue to operate so as to qualify as a partnership, and not as an association or publicly traded partnership
that is taxable as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Restructuring Transaction has been accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control whereby the
consolidated assets and liabilities of the Company were recorded at the historical cost of the REIT Subsidiary, as reflected on its consolidated financial statements. The Company is considered the
REIT Subsidiary's successor for accounting purposes, and the REIT Subsidiary's consolidated financial statements for prior periods are the Company's historical consolidated financial statements
presented herein.
Significant
disruptions in both the residential mortgage and asset-backed commercial paper markets during the third quarter of 2007 had a material adverse impact on both the values and
related financings of the Company's investments in residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. In light of these adverse market conditions that occurred, the Company took several steps
as listed below which are further described in the notes to these consolidated financial statements. The Company's management believes that these steps, coupled with the Company's available liquidity,
provide the Company with the ability to meet all of its obligations for the foreseeable future.
In
August 2007, the Company's board of directors approved the Company's plan to exit its residential mortgage investment operations and to sell the REIT Subsidiary. In December 2007, the
Company caused the transfer to KKR Financial Holdings II, LLC ("KFH II") of certain residential mortgage-backed securities previously held by the REIT Subsidiary. Accordingly, the Company has
reported its residential mortgage investment operations, including the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II, as discontinued operations for this Form 10-K. Because the REIT Subsidiary was the
Company's reporting entity prior to the consummation of the Restructuring Transaction, results of operations for periods prior to, or including the period prior to, the consummation of the
Restructuring Transaction only reflect the Company's residential mortgage investment operations as discontinued operations. Assets and liabilities related to the Company's residential mortgage
investment operations for all periods presented are included in assets of discontinued operations and liabilities of discontinued operations, respectively, on the Company's consolidated balance
sheets. Unless otherwise noted, amounts and disclosures contained in these consolidated financial statements and notes relate to the Company's continuing operations.
F-11
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 1. Organization (Continued)
On
August 21, 2007, the Company consummated a common share offering of 16.0 million common shares to seven unaffiliated institutional investors in separately negotiated
transactions registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act") at a price of $14.40 per common share, which was the closing price of the Company's common shares on the NYSE on
August 17, 2007. Proceeds from the transaction totaled $230.4 million and the Company will use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes.
On
the same date, the Company announced a rights offering of common shares to its common shareholders of up to $270.0 million in which the Company distributed
non-transferable rights to subscribe for 18.75 million common shares. Each holder of common shares received 0.19430 common share rights for each common share held at the close of
business on August 30, 2007, the record date for the rights offering, and the common share rights expired on September 19, 2007. The subscription price for the common shares offered in
the rights offering was $14.40 per common share, which was the closing price of the Company's common shares on August 17, 2007. In connection with this rights offering, certain principals of
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. L.P. ("KKR") agreed to provide a backstop commitment to purchase up to approximately $100.0 million of common shares at the price of $14.40 to
the extent the rights offering was not fully subscribed by the Company's common shareholders. The Company's common shareholders and certain principals of KKR exercised common share rights totaling
14.8 million and 3.9 million common shares, respectively. The Company received proceeds of $213.4 million and $56.6 million on September 19, 2007 and
October 2, 2007, respectively, which the Company will use for general corporate purposes. Total expenses incurred by the Company related to the common share rights offering totaled
$6.3 million.
KKR
Financial Advisors LLC (the "Manager"), a wholly owned subsidiary of KKR Financial LLC, manages the Company pursuant to a management agreement (the "Management
Agreement"). The Company, KKR Financial LLC, and the Manager are affiliates of KKR.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
("GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, consolidated residential mortgage loan securitization trusts where the Company is the primary beneficiary, and
entities established to complete secured financing transactions that are considered to be variable interest entities and for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company's residential
mortgage investment operations, the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II are presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the
Company's consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from management's estimates.
F-12
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Consolidation
The Company consolidates all non-variable interest entities in which it holds a greater than 50 percent voting interest. The Company also
consolidates all variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which it is considered to be the primary beneficiary pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Interpretation No. 46R,
Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entitiesan interpretation of ARB No. 51
, as revised ("FIN 46R"). In general,
FIN 46R requires an enterprise to consolidate a VIE when the enterprise holds a variable interest in the VIE and is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. An enterprise is the primary
beneficiary if it absorbs a majority of the VIE's expected losses, receives a majority of the VIE's expected residual returns, or both.
KKR
Financial CLO 2005-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2005-1"), KKR Financial CLO 2005-2, Ltd. ("CLO 2005-2"), KKR Financial CLO
2006-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2006-1"), KKR Financial CLO 2007-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2007-1"), KKR Financial CLO 2007-A, Ltd. ("CLO
2007-A"), KKR Financial CLO 2007-4, Ltd. ("CLO 2007-4"), KKR Financial CLO
2008-1, Ltd. ("CLO 2008-1"), and Wayzata Funding LLC ("Wayzata"), are entities established to complete secured financing transactions. These entities are VIEs and
are not considered to be qualifying special-purpose entities ("QSPE") as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140,
Accounting for Transfers and
Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities
("SFAS No. 140"). The Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary of these entities and has
included the accounts of these entities in these consolidated financial statements. Additionally, the Company is the primary beneficiary of six residential mortgage loan securitization trusts that are
not considered to be QSPEs under SFAS No. 140 and the Company has therefore included the accounts of these entities in these consolidated financial statements.
All
inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements
("SFAS
No. 157"), which requires additional disclosures about the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value.
As
defined in SFAS No. 157, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available,
valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or
market and the instruments' complexity for disclosure purposes. Beginning in January 2007, assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon
the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their value. Hierarchical levels, as defined in SFAS No. 157 and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with
the inputs to fair valuations of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:
Level 1:
Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
The
types of assets carried at level 1 fair value generally are equity securities listed in active markets.
F-13
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Level 2:
Inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices
for similar instruments in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Fair
value assets and liabilities that are generally included in this category are mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans (which are currently reflected as assets of discontinued operations for
financial statement purposes) where the mortgage loans on our financial statements consist of mortgage-backed securities where the issuing trust has been consolidated on our consolidated financial
statements, certain corporate debt securities, and certain financial instruments classified as derivatives where the fair value is based on observable market inputs.
Level 3:
Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the
inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its
entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the
fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset.
Generally,
assets and liabilities carried at fair value and included in this category are certain corporate debt securities, certain derivatives and financial liabilities consisting of asset-backed
secured liquidity notes.
The
availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial asset or liability and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product,
whether the product is new, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market, and the current market condition. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs
that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value
is greatest for instruments categorized in level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for
disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement in its entirety.
Fair
value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore,
even when market assumptions are not readily available, the Company's own assumptions are set to reflect those that management believes market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability
at the measurement date.
Many
financial assets and liabilities have bid and ask prices that can be observed in the marketplace. Bid prices reflect the highest price that we and others are wiling to pay for an
asset. Ask prices represent the lowest price that we and others are willing to accept for an asset. For financial assets and liabilities whose inputs are based on bid-ask prices, the
Company does not require that fair value always be a predetermined point in the bid-ask range. The Company's policy is to allow for
F-14
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
mid-market
pricing and adjusting to the point within the bid-ask range that meets the Company's best estimate of fair value.
Assets
that are valued using level 3 of the fair value hierarchy primarily consist of certain corporate debt securities and certain over-the-counter ("OTC") derivative contracts. The
valuation techniques used for these are described below.
Corporate Debt Securities:
Corporate debt securities are initially valued at transaction price and are subsequently valued using market data for similar
instruments (e.g., recent transactions or broker quotes), comparisons to benchmark derivative indices or movements in underlying credit spreads.
OTC Derivative Contracts:
OTC derivative contracts include forward, swap and option contracts related to interest rates, foreign currencies, credit
standing of reference entities, and equity prices. The fair value of OTC derivative products can be modeled using a series of techniques, including closed-form analytic formulae, such as the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and simulation models or a combination thereof. Many pricing models do not entail material subjectivity because the methodologies employed do not necessitate
significant judgment, and the pricing inputs are observed from actively quoted markets, as is the case for generic interest rate swap and option contracts.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held in banks and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Interest income
earned on cash and cash equivalents is recorded in other interest income.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted cash and cash equivalents represent amounts that are held by third parties under certain of the Company's financing and derivative transactions.
Interest income earned on restricted cash and cash equivalents is recorded in other interest income.
Securities Available-for-Sale
The Company classifies its investments in securities as available-for-sale as the Company may sell them prior to maturity and does not
hold them principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. These investments are carried at estimated fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss). Estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices, when available, or on estimates provided by independent pricing sources or dealers who make markets in such
securities. Upon the sale of a security, the realized net gain or loss is computed on a specific identification basis.
The
Company monitors its available-for-sale securities portfolio for impairments. A loss is recognized when it is determined that a decline in the estimated fair
value of a security below its amortized cost is other-than-temporary. The Company considers many factors in determining whether the impairment of a security is deemed to be
other-than-temporary, including, but not limited to, the length of time the security has had a decline in estimated fair value below its amortized cost, the amount of the
unrealized loss, the intent and ability of the Company to hold the security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value, recent events specific to the issuer or industry, external credit
ratings and recent changes in such ratings.
F-15
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Unamortized
premiums and unaccreted discounts on securities available-for-sale are recognized in interest income over the contractual life, adjusted for actual
prepayments, of the securities using the effective interest method.
Non-marketable Equity Securities
Non-marketable equity securities consist primarily of private equity investments. These investments are accounted for under the cost method. The
Company reviews these investments quarterly for possible other-than-temporary impairment. The Company reduces the carrying value of the investment and recognizes a loss when
the Company considers a decline in estimated fair value below the cost basis of the security to be other-than-temporary.
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
Securities sold, not yet purchased consist of equity and debt securities that the Company has sold, but did not own prior to the sale. In order to facilitate a
short sale, the Company borrows the securities from another party and delivers the securities to the buyer. The Company will be required to "cover" its short sale in the future through the purchase of
the security in the market at the prevailing market price and deliver it to the counterparty from which it borrowed. The Company is exposed to a loss to the extent that the security price increases
during the time from when the Company borrowed the security to when the Company purchases it in the market to cover the short sale. Changes in the value of these securities are reflected in net
realized and unrealized gain on investments on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Loans
The Company purchases participations and assignments in corporate leveraged loans in the primary and secondary market. Loans are held for investment and the
Company initially records loans at their purchase prices. The Company subsequently accounts for loans based on their outstanding principal plus or minus unaccreted purchase discounts and unamortized
purchase premiums. In certain instances, where the credit fundamentals underlying a particular loan have materially changed in such a manner that the Company's expected return may decrease, the
Company may elect to sell a loan held for investment. Once the determination has been made by the Company that it will no longer hold the loan for investment, the Company accounts for the loan at the
lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value.
Interest
income on loans includes interest at stated coupon rates adjusted for accretion of purchase discounts and the amortization of purchase premiums. For corporate loans, unamortized
premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income over the contractual life, adjusted for actual prepayments, of the loans using the effective interest method.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The Company's allowance for estimated loan losses represents its estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date.
When determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses the Company considers historical and industry loss experience, economic conditions and trends, the estimated fair values of its loans,
credit quality trends and other factors that it determines are relevant. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are charged to current period
F-16
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
earnings
through the provision for loan losses. The Company's allowance for loan losses consists of two components, an allocated component and an unallocated component. Amounts determined to be
uncollectible are charged directly to the allowance for loan losses.
The
allocated component of the Company's allowance for loan losses consists of individual loans that are impaired and for which the estimated allowance for loan losses is determined in
accordance with SFAS No. 114,
Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.
The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based on
current information and events, it believes it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due to it based on the contractual terms of the loan. An impaired loan may be left on accrual
status during the period the Company is pursuing repayment of the loan; however, the loan is placed on non-accrual status at such time as: (i) management believes that scheduled
debt service payments may not be paid when contractually due; (ii) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (iii) management determines the borrower is incapable of, or has ceased
efforts toward, curing the cause of the impairment; or (iv) the net realizable value of the underlying collateral securing the loan decreases below the Company's carrying value of such loan.
While on non-accrual status, previously recognized accrued interest is reversed and interest income is recognized only upon actual receipt.
The
unallocated component of the Company's allowance for loan losses is determined in accordance with SFAS No. 5,
Accounting for
Contingencies
. This component of the allowance for loan losses represents the Company's estimate of losses inherent, but unidentified, in its portfolio as of the balance sheet
date. The unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses is estimated based upon a review of the Company's loan portfolio's risk characteristics, risk grouping of loans in the portfolio based
upon estimated probability of default and severity of loss based on loan type, and consideration of general economic conditions and trends.
Leasehold Improvements and Equipment
Leasehold improvements and equipment are carried at cost less depreciation and amortization and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets of three years. Leasehold
improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or lease terms. Leasehold improvements and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
and amortization, are included in other assets.
Borrowings
The Company finances the acquisition of its investments, including loans and securities available-for-sale, primarily through the use of
secured borrowings in the form of securitization transactions structured as secured financings, repurchase agreements, warehouse facilities, demand loans, and other secured and unsecured borrowings.
The Company recognizes interest expense on all borrowings on an accrual basis.
Trust Preferred Securities
Trusts formed by the Company for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities are not consolidated by the Company in accordance with FIN 46R as
the Company has determined that it is
F-17
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
not
the primary beneficiary of such trusts. The Company's investment in the common securities of such trusts is included in other assets on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company recognizes all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheet at estimated fair value. On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, the
Company designates and documents each derivative contract as one of the following at the time the contract is executed: (i) a hedge of a recognized asset or liability ("fair value" hedge);
(ii) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability ("cash flow" hedge); (iii) a hedge of a net
investment in a foreign operation; or (iv) a derivative instrument not designated as a hedging instrument ("free-standing derivative"). For a fair value hedge, the Company records
changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative and, to the extent that it is effective, changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk, in the
current period earnings in the same financial statement category as the hedged item. For a cash flow hedge, the Company records changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative to the extent that
it is effective in other comprehensive (loss) income. The Company subsequently reclassifies these changes in
estimated fair value to net income in the same period(s) that the hedged transaction affects earnings in the same financial statement category as the hedged item. For free-standing
derivatives, the Company reports changes in the fair values in current period non-net investment income.
The
Company formally documents at inception its hedge relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, its risk management objectives, strategy
for undertaking the hedge transaction and the Company's evaluation of effectiveness of its hedged transactions. Periodically, as required by SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
, as amended and interpreted ("SFAS No. 133"), the Company also formally assesses whether the derivative it designated in
each hedging relationship is expected to be and has been highly effective in offsetting changes in estimated fair values or cash flows of the hedged item using either the dollar offset or the
regression analysis method. If the Company determines that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, it discontinues hedge accounting.
Foreign Currency
The Company makes investments in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities and loans. As a result, the Company is subject to the risk of fluctuation in
the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the foreign currency in which it makes an investment. In order to reduce the currency risk, the Company may hedge the applicable foreign currency. All
investments denominated in a foreign currency are converted to the U.S. dollar using prevailing exchange rates on the balance sheet date. Income, expenses, gains and losses on investments denominated
in a foreign currency are converted to the U.S. dollar using the prevailing exchange rates on the dates when they are recorded. Foreign exchange gains and losses are recorded in the consolidated
statements of operations.
Manager Compensation
The Management Agreement provides for the payment of a base management fee to the Manager, as well as an incentive fee if the Company's financial performance
exceeds certain benchmarks. Additionally, the Management Agreement provides for the Manager to be reimbursed for certain
F-18
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
expenses
incurred on the Company's behalf. See Note 14 for the specific terms of the computation and payment of the incentive fee. The base management fee and the incentive fee are accrued and
expensed during the period for which they are earned by the Manager.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation issued to its directors and to its Manager using the fair value based methodology prescribed by SFAS
No. 123(R),
Share-Based Payment
("SFAS No. 123(R)"). Compensation cost related to restricted common shares issued to the Company's
directors is measured at its estimated fair value at the grant date, and is amortized and expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Compensation cost related to restricted
common shares and common share options issued to the Manager is initially measured at estimated fair value at the grant date, and is remeasured on subsequent dates to the extent the awards are
unvested. The Company has elected to use the graded vesting attribution method pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R) to amortize compensation expense for the restricted common shares and common share
options granted to the Manager.
Income Taxes
The Company is no longer treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; however, the Company intends to continue to operate so as to qualify as a
partnership, and not as an association or publicly traded partnership that is taxable as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, the Company is not subject to U.S. federal
income tax at the entity level, but is subject to limited state income taxes. Holders of the Company's shares will be required to take into account their allocable share of each item of the Company's
income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit for the taxable year of the Company ending within or with their taxable year.
The
REIT Subsidiary has elected, and KFH II will elect, to be taxed as REITs and both are required to comply with the provisions of the Code, with respect thereto. The REIT Subsidiary
and KFH II, presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes, are not subject to federal income tax to the extent that they currently distribute their income and satisfy certain
asset, income and ownership tests, and recordkeeping requirements. Even though the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II qualify for federal taxation as a REIT, they may be subject to some amount of federal,
state, local and foreign taxes based on their taxable income.
KKR
TRS Holdings, Ltd. ("TRS Ltd."), CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A, CLO
2007-4, CLO 2008-1 and Wayzata are not consolidated for federal income tax return purposes. For financial reporting purposes, current and deferred taxes are provided for on the
portion of earnings recognized by the Company with respect to its interest in KKR TRS Holdings, Inc. ("TRS Inc.") and KFN PEI VII, LLC ("PEI VII"), domestic taxable corporate
subsidiaries, because they are taxed as regular subchapter C corporations under the provisions of the Code.
Deferred
income tax assets and liabilities are computed based on temporary differences between the GAAP consolidated financial statements and the federal income tax basis of assets and
liabilities as of each consolidated balance sheet date. CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A, CLO 2007-4
and CLO 2008-1 are foreign taxable corporate subsidiaries that were established to facilitate securitization transactions, structured as secured financing transactions, and
TRS Ltd., is a foreign taxable corporate subsidiary that was formed to make from time to time, certain foreign
F-19
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
investments.
They are organized as exempted companies incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and are generally exempt from federal and state income tax at the
corporate entity level because they restrict their activities in the United States to trading in stock and securities for their own account. Therefore, despite their status as taxable corporate
subsidiaries, they generally will not be subject to corporate income tax on their earnings, and no provisions for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2007 were required. However, the
Company will generally be required to include their current taxable income in its calculation of its taxable income allocable to shareholders.
Earnings Per Share
In accordance with SFAS No. 128,
Earnings per Share
("SFAS No. 128"), the Company presents both
basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share ("EPS") in its consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto. Basic earnings (loss) per common share ("Basic EPS") excludes dilution and is
computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted-average number of common shares, including vested restricted common shares, outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share
("Diluted EPS") reflects the potential dilution of common share options and unvested restricted common shares using the treasury method, and the potential dilution of convertible senior notes using
the if-converted method, if they are not anti-dilutive. See Note 4 for earnings (loss) per common share computations.
A
rights offering whose exercise price at issuance is less than the fair value of the stock is considered to have a bonus element, resulting in an adjustment of the prior period number
of shares outstanding used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share. As a result of the rights offering, prior period weighted-average number of shares and earnings per share outstanding have
been adjusted to reflect the issuance at less than fair value.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2007, FASB issued SFAS No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial
LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115
("SFAS No. 159"). This statement permits entities to choose to measure many financial
instruments and certain other items at fair value (i.e., the fair value option). The election to use the fair value option is available when an entity first recognizes a financial asset or
financial liability or upon entering into a firm commitment. Subsequent changes in fair value must be recorded in earnings. Additionally, SFAS No. 159 allows for a one-time election
for existing positions upon adoption, with the transition adjustment recorded to beginning retained earnings.
The
Company adopted SFAS No. 159 as of the beginning of 2007 and elected to apply the fair value option for its investments in residential mortgage loans and residential
mortgage-backed securities, which are currently reflected as a discontinued operation for financial statement purposes. The Company elected the fair value option for its residential mortgage
investments for the purpose of enhancing the transparency of its financial condition as fair value is consistent with how the Company manages the risks of residential mortgage investments. The
transition adjustment to beginning accumulated deficit that was recorded as of January 1, 2007 due to the adoption of SFAS No. 159 was a loss of $55.7 million. The following table
presents information about the eligible instruments for
F-20
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
which
the Company elected the fair value option and for which transition adjustments were recorded as of January 1, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Carrying Value at
January 1, 2007
|
|
Transition Adjustment to
Accumulated Deficit
Gain/(Loss)
|
|
Carrying Value at
January 1, 2007
(After Adoption of
SFAS No. 159)
|
Residential mortgage loans
|
|
$
|
5,109,261
|
|
$
|
(35,653
|
)
|
$
|
5,073,608
|
Allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
(1,500
|
)
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities(1)
|
|
|
7,536,196
|
|
|
(21,575
|
)
|
|
7,536,196
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of the adoption of the fair value option
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(55,728
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Prior
to January 1, 2007, residential mortgage-backed securities were classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value. Accordingly, the
election of the fair value option for mortgage-backed securities did not change their carrying value and resulted in a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income to beginning
accumulated deficit.
In
June 2007, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA") issued Statement of Position 07-1,
Clarification of the Scope of the
Audit and Accounting Guide,
Investment Companies
and Accounting for Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment
Companies
("SOP 07-1"). This SOP provides guidance for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide
Investment Companies
(the
"Guide"). Entities that are within the scope of the Guide are required, among other things, to carry their investments at fair
value, with changes in fair value included in earnings. In addition, SOP 07-1 includes certain disclosure requirements for parent companies and equity method investors in investment
companies that retain investment company accounting in the parent company's consolidated financial statements or the financial statements of an equity method investor. In May 2007, the FASB issued FSP
FIN 46R-7,
Application of FIN 46R to Investment Companies
("FSP FIN 46R-7") which amends FIN No. 46
(revised December 2003) to make permanent the temporary deferral of the application of FIN 46R to entities within the scope of the revised audit guide under SOP 07-1. FSP
FIN 46R-7 is effective upon adoption of SOP 07-1. In February 2008, the effective date of SOP 07-1 was indefinitely deferred. The Company has
not determined whether it will be required to apply the provisions of the Guide in presenting its financial statements, if SOP 07-1 is ultimately made effective.
In
August 2007, the FASB released proposed FASB Staff Position APB 14-a,
Accounting for Convertible Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash
upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)
("FSP APB 14-a"). If approved for issuance by the FASB, FSP APB 14-a will affect the
accounting for the Company's convertible senior notes. This statement would require retrospective application where the initial debt proceeds be allocated between a debt (at a discount) and equity
component. The resulting debt discount would be amortized over the period the convertible debt is expected to be outstanding as additional interest expense. FSP APB 14-a was issued
for a 45-day comment period that ended on
October 15, 2007, but has not been issued in final form. The FASB began its re-deliberations of the guidance in January 2008 and the ultimate effective date and outcome of such
re-deliberations is unknown at this time. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FSP APB 14-a.
F-21
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
In
November 2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 109,
Written Loan Commitments Recorded at
Fair Value Through Earnings
("SAB 109"). SAB 109 supersedes SAB No. 105,
Loan Commitments Accounted for as Derivative
Instruments
("SAB 105"), and expresses the current view that, consistent with SFAS No. 156,
Accounting for Servicing of Financial
Assets
, and SFAS No. 159, the expected net future cash flows related to the associated servicing of the loan should be included in the measurement of all written loan
commitments that are
accounted for at fair value through earnings. SAB 109 also retains the view that for all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings, internally-developed
intangible assets should not be recorded as part of the fair value of a derivative loan commitment. SAB 109 is effective prospectively to derivative loan commitments issued or modified in
fiscal quarters beginning after December 15, 2007. In conjunction with the adoption of SFAS No.157,
Fair Value Measurements
("SFAS
No. 157") and SFAS No. 159, SAB 109 generally would result in higher fair values being recorded upon initial recognition of derivative loan commitments. Adoption of SAB 109
did not have a material affect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In
December 2007, the SEC issued SAB No. 110,
Share Based Payment
("SAB 110"). SAB 110 expresses the views of the
staff regarding the use of a "simplified" method, as discussed in SAB No. 107 ("SAB 107") in developing an estimate of expected term of "plain vanilla" share options in accordance with
SFAS No. 123(R). SAB 107 indicated that it would not expect a company to use the simplified method for share option grants after December 31, 2007. However, SAB 110
understands that detailed information about employee exercise behavior may not be widely available or currently sufficient to provide a reasonable estimate. As such, SAB 110 allows public
companies, under certain circumstances, to continue to use the simplified method beyond December 31, 2007. SAB 110 is effective beginning January 1, 2008. Adoption of
SAB 110 is not expected to have a material affect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R),
Business Combinations
("SFAS No. 141(R)"). SFAS 141(R) requires
(i) recognition of the full fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, (ii) measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination at fair value on
the acquisition date, (iii) expensing of most transaction and restructuring costs, and (iii) recognition of earn-out and similar contingent consideration arrangements at
their acquisition-date fair values, with subsequent changes in fair value generally reflected in earnings. SFAS 141(R) applies prospectively and is required for business
combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of an acquirer's first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is not permitted.
The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 141(R).
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160,
Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statementsan amendment of Accounting
Research Bulletin No. 51
("SFAS No. 160"). SFAS No. 160 recharacterizes minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries as noncontrolling interests to be
reported as a component of equity. According to SFAS No. 160, a change in control will be measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. Earnings attributed to the
noncontrolling interests are to be reported as part of consolidated earnings and disclosure of the attribution between controlling and noncontrolling interests is required on the face of the
consolidated statements of operations. SFAS No. 160 is effective prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, for annual periods beginning on or after
December 15, 2008. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 160.
F-22
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations
In August 2007, the Company's board of directors approved a plan to exit the Company's residential mortgage investment operations and to sell the REIT Subsidiary.
Accordingly, the Company has reported its residential mortgage investment operations, including the REIT Subsidiary, as discontinued operations. The assets and liabilities of the Company's residential
mortgage investment operations consist primarily of investments in residential mortgage loans and securities, interest and principal receivable from its residential mortgage loans and securities, cash
and restricted cash and equivalents balances, and debt and related interest payable consisting of repurchase agreements and secured liquidity notes that are used to finance investments in residential
mortgage loans and securities. Investments in residential mortgage loans and securities are accounted for at fair value as the Company elected the fair value option of accounting for its investments
in residential mortgage loans and securities as of January 1, 2007. Additionally, borrowings through asset-backed secured liquidity notes are carried at fair value. Changes in the estimated
fair value of residential mortgage loans and securities and asset-backed secured liquidity notes are included in (loss) income from discontinued operations on the Company's consolidated statements of
operations.
The
Company's decision to exit its residential mortgage investment operations business and sell its REIT Subsidiary was based on various considerations including, but not limited to, the
following: (i) the Company's restructuring from a REIT to a publicly traded LLC which enabled the Company to execute its core business of investing in corporate loans and debt securities
without having to invest in residential mortgage assets to qualify as a REIT; and (ii) the material adverse change in the mortgage industry and associated liquidity crisis in the capital
markets that arose during the third quarter of 2007, which resulted in the Company's inability to finance its residential mortgage investments on reasonable financial terms.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, the REIT Subsidiary sold approximately $5.2 billion of residential mortgage-backed assets and recognized a loss of approximately
$65.0 million. Included in the $5.2 billion of residential mortgage-backed assets that were sold were approximately $3.5 billion of residential mortgage-backed securities rated
AAA/Aaa that were issued by securitization trusts where the Company owns the subordinated interests. The Company consolidates these securitization trusts as it is the primary beneficiary under
FIN 46R, and as a result, the sales were accounted for by the Company on a consolidated basis as issuances of residential mortgage-backed securities. As of December 31, 2007, the Company
had residential mortgage-backed securities at amortized cost and fair value of $3.3 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively. The Company has elected the fair value option under SFAS
No. 159 for the residential mortgage-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts and therefore is carrying mortgage-backed securities issued by securitization trusts at fair value
with changes in estimated fair value reflected in (loss) income from discontinued operations. Prior to such election, the loans were carried at net unamortized cost less an allowance for loan losses.
As described in Note 2
and shown below, the Company recorded a transition adjustment to adjust the carrying value of its portfolio of residential mortgage loans to fair value and reverse its allowance for loan losses for
its residential mortgage loan portfolio as of January 1, 2007. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had residential mortgage loans with an amortized cost and fair value of
$4.0 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2006, the Company had residential mortgage loans with amortized cost of $5.1 billion.
F-23
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
The
following is a reconciliation of carrying amounts of residential mortgage loans for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
Balance at January 1
|
|
$
|
5,109,261
|
|
$
|
6,428,822
|
|
Cumulative effect of adjustment from adoption of SFAS No. 159
|
|
|
(35,653
|
)
|
|
|
|
Loan purchases (principal)
|
|
|
17,707
|
|
|
165,021
|
|
Loan sales
|
|
|
(155,742
|
)
|
|
|
|
Principal payments
|
|
|
(920,422
|
)
|
|
(1,477,024
|
)
|
Transfers to REO
|
|
|
(5,921
|
)
|
|
(1,279
|
)
|
Net unrealized loss/unamortized premium
|
|
|
(87,907
|
)
|
|
(6,279
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31
|
|
$
|
3,921,323
|
|
$
|
5,109,261
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the Company's residential mortgage loan portfolio during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(amounts in thousands):
Balance, January 1, 2006
|
|
$
|
1,500
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
|
|
Charge-offs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2006
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
Transition to SFAS No. 159 adjustment
|
|
|
(1,500
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following table summarizes the geographic distribution of the Company's residential mortgage loan portfolio as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of December 31, 2007
|
|
State or Territory
|
|
Number of Loans
|
|
Principal Amount
|
|
% of
Principal Amount
|
|
California
|
|
2,696
|
|
$
|
1,501,325
|
|
37.3
|
%
|
Florida
|
|
764
|
|
|
353,211
|
|
8.8
|
|
New York
|
|
423
|
|
|
251,254
|
|
6.2
|
|
New Jersey
|
|
365
|
|
|
193,674
|
|
4.8
|
|
Virginia
|
|
388
|
|
|
177,042
|
|
4.4
|
|
Other
|
|
3,629
|
|
|
1,551,535
|
|
38.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
8,265
|
|
$
|
4,028,041
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-24
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
|
|
As of December 31, 2006
|
|
State or Territory
|
|
Number of
Loans
|
|
Principal Amount
|
|
% of
Principal Amount
|
|
California
|
|
3,321
|
|
$
|
1,935,524
|
|
38.0
|
%
|
Florida
|
|
905
|
|
|
430,069
|
|
8.4
|
|
New York
|
|
523
|
|
|
328,411
|
|
6.5
|
|
New Jersey
|
|
443
|
|
|
235,048
|
|
4.6
|
|
Virginia
|
|
453
|
|
|
208,335
|
|
4.1
|
|
Other
|
|
4,572
|
|
|
1,955,032
|
|
38.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
10,217
|
|
$
|
5,092,419
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
of December 31, 2007, twenty-five of the residential mortgage loans owned by the Company with an outstanding balance of $7.2 million (not included in the table above)
were real estate owned ("REO") as a result of foreclosure on delinquent loans. As of December 31, 2006, six of the residential mortgage loans owned by the Company with an outstanding balance of
$1.3 million (also not included in the table above) were REO as a result of foreclosure on delinquent loans. For each of the twenty-five and six loans as of December 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively, the estimated fair value of the underlying
property exceeds the loan balance and the Company has therefore not recorded a charge against the Company's allowance for loan losses.
As
of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company had eighty-one and thirty-three loans, respectively, that were either 90 days or greater past due or in
foreclosure and placed on non-accrual status.
For
residential mortgage loans and residential mortgage-backed securities, the Company monitors the credit quality of the underlying borrowers by monitoring trends and changes in the
underlying borrowers' FICO® scores. Borrowers with lower FICO® scores default more frequently than borrowers with higher FICO® scores. For residential mortgage
loans and mortgage-backed securities, the Company monitors trends and changes in loan-to-value ("LTV") ratios. Increases in LTV ratios are likely to result in higher realized
credit losses when borrowers default.
As
of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company's residential loan investment portfolio did not have any material concentrations in investor owned properties, multi-unit
housing properties, condominium properties and/or cooperative properties. A material portion of the Company's residential loans are non-conforming mortgage loans, not due to credit
quality, but because the mortgage loans have balances that exceed the maximum balances necessary to qualify as a conforming mortgage loan.
F-25
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
The
following table summarizes the delinquency statistics of the residential mortgage loans as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
Delinquency Status
|
|
Number of Loans
|
|
Principal Amount
|
|
Number of Loans
|
|
Principal Amount
|
30 to 59 days
|
|
96
|
|
$
|
30,163
|
|
90
|
|
$
|
35,968
|
60 to 89 days
|
|
18
|
|
|
6,151
|
|
10
|
|
|
3,040
|
90 days or more
|
|
43
|
|
|
14,045
|
|
15
|
|
|
2,855
|
In foreclosure
|
|
38
|
|
|
11,800
|
|
18
|
|
|
5,442
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
195
|
|
$
|
62,159
|
|
133
|
|
$
|
47,305
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Residential ARM Securities
As
of December 31, 2007 and 2006, substantially all of the Company's residential adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM") securities were comprised of one-month
LIBOR floating rate securities that reprice monthly and were subject to a weighted average maximum net interest rate of 11.76% and 11.83%, respectively, which was materially above the then current
weighted average net coupon of 6.52% and 6.46%, respectively. The Company's repricing risk on its portfolio of residential ARM securities increases significantly if interest rates continue to increase
to a level where the weighted average coupon rate approaches the weighted
average maximum net interest rate because the weighted average coupon is subject to a maximum rate, or cap, which is approximately equal to the weighted average maximum interest rate.
As
of December 31, 2007 and 2006, all of the Company's residential hybrid ARM securities had underlying mortgage loans that were originated as 5/1 hybrid ARM loans. As of
December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company owned 100% of the securities that represent 100% of the beneficial interest in the 5/1 hybrid ARM loans underlying its portfolio of hybrid ARM
securities. When the underlying residential hybrid mortgage loans convert from fixed rate to floating rate, the underlying mortgage loans will have an interest rate based on one-year LIBOR
or one-year constant maturity treasury index ("CMT") depending upon whether the underlying mortgage loan is a LIBOR- or CMT-based mortgage loan. On the date that the
residential hybrid ARM loans convert from a fixed rate to a floating rate loan, which the Company refers to as the roll date, the portfolio of residential hybrid ARM loans will have a weighted average
coupon that is the sum of (i) the post-roll date index, and (ii) the weighted average post-roll date net margin. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, all of
the mortgage loans underlying the Company's residential hybrid ARM securities had a post-roll date index reset frequency of one year with 34%, based on six-month or
one-year LIBOR and 66%, based on one-year CMT. The Company's repricing risk on its portfolio of residential hybrid ARM loans increases significantly if interest rates continue
to increase to a level where, subsequent to the roll date, the weighted average net coupon rate approaches the weighted average post roll date maximum net interest rate of 9.43% because the post roll
date weighted average net coupon is subject to a maximum rate, or cap, which is approximately equal to the weighted average post roll date maximum net interest rate. The weighted
F-26
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
average
coupon on the portfolio of residential hybrid securities was 4.18% as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company's weighted average months until
roll date for the mortgage loans underlying its residential hybrid ARM securities was 12 and 24, respectively.
As
of December 31, 2007 and 2006, all of the Company's residential ARM loans were comprised of one-month LIBOR floating rate loans that reprice monthly and were
subject to a weighted average maximum net interest rate of 11.93% and 11.92%, respectively, which was well above the then current weighted average net coupon of 6.19% and 6.43%, respectively. The
Company's repricing risk on its portfolio of residential ARM loans increases significantly if interest rates continue to increase to a level where the weighted average net coupon rate approaches the
weighted average
maximum interest rate because the weighted average coupon is subject to a cap which is approximately equal to the weighted average maximum interest rate.
As
of December 31, 2007 and 2006, all of the Company's residential hybrid ARM loans were originated as either 3/1 or 5/1 hybrid ARM loans. When the loans convert from fixed rate
to floating rate, the underlying mortgage loans will have an interest rate based on one-year LIBOR or one-year CMT. On the date that the residential hybrid ARM loans convert
from a fixed rate to a floating rate loan, which the Company refers to as the roll date, the portfolio of residential hybrid ARM loans will have a weighted average coupon that is the sum of
(i) the post-roll date index, and (ii) the weighted average post-roll date net margin. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, all of the Company's residential
hybrid ARM loans had a post-roll date index reset frequency of one-year with 45% and 46%, respectively, based on six-month or one-year LIBOR and 55% and
54%, respectively, based on one-year CMT. The Company's repricing risk on its portfolio of residential hybrid ARM loans increases significantly if interest rates continue to increase to a
level where, subsequent to the roll date, the weighted average net coupon rate approaches the weighted average post-roll date maximum net interest rate of 10.13% because the
post-roll date weighted average net coupon is subject to a cap which is approximately equal to the weighted average post-roll date maximum net interest rate. The weighted
average net coupon on the portfolio of residential hybrid loans was 4.88% and 4.85% as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the weighted average
months until roll date for the mortgage loans underlying its residential hybrid ARM securities was 22 and 33, respectively.
As
of December 31, 2007, $0.6 billion of residential mortgage loans and $3.0 billion of residential mortgage-backed securities were pledged as collateral for secured
liquidity notes ("SLNs") issued by the Company's two asset-backed commercial paper conduits (the "Facilities") that are accounted for as subsidiaries of the REIT Subsidiary as the REIT Subsidiary is
the primary beneficiary of these entities under FIN 46R. On October 18, 2007, the Company announced that it had consummated a restructuring of the Facilities (the "October Transaction").
Pursuant to the terms of the October Transaction, the maturity date of the SLNs issued by the Facilities was extended with approximately 50% of the principal balance due on February 15, 2008
(the "February Maturity Date") and the remaining principal balance due on March 13, 2008. On February 15, 2008, the Company entered into
F-27
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
an
Extension Amendment Agreement (the "Amendment Agreement") with the holders of the SLNs to allow for further discussions regarding the status of the Facilities. Pursuant to the Amendment Agreement,
the February Maturity Date has been extended to March 3, 2008 (the "Extension Period"). The holders of a majority of the SLNs have the right to terminate the Extension Period upon one business
day prior written notice. Upon the expiration or termination of the Extension Period without further agreement on modifications to the Facilities, the SLNs that were originally due and payable on the
February Maturity Date would become immediately due and payable. In connection with the October Transaction, certain holders of the SLNs agreed to receive an in-kind distribution of the
mortgage-backed securities serving as collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding principal amount of their SLNs. This resulted in SLN holders holding approximately
$1.2 billion of SLNs receiving approximately $1.2 billion face value of mortgage-backed securities as payment-in-kind for the SLNs. In connection with the
Amendment Agreement, certain holders of SLNs have been given the option during the Extension Period to receive an in-kind distribution of the mortgage-backed securities serving as
collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding principal amount of their SLNs. Upon expiration or termination of the Extension Period, the remaining holders of SLNs have the right to
receive at their election an in-kind distribution of the mortgage-backed securities serving as collateral for the Facilities in satisfaction of the outstanding principal amount of their
SLNs.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded a charge for discontinued operations of approximately $243.7 million. The components of this charge consist of
an approximate $199.9 million investment in the Facilities, a reserve of $36.5 million for contingencies related to the Facilities, and an accrual for legal, accounting, and consulting
fees of approximately $7.3 million. The $199.9 million charge for the Company's investment in the Facilities includes the write-off of the Company's investment in the REIT Subsidiary.
Summarized
financial information for discontinued operations is as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted cash
|
|
$
|
4,622
|
|
$
|
73
|
|
Trading securities, at fair value
|
|
|
3,174,881
|
|
|
|
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,536,196
|
|
Loans, at fair value
|
|
|
3,921,323
|
|
|
|
|
Loans, at amortized cost
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,107,761
|
|
Derivative assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
60,616
|
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
|
18,603
|
|
|
33,117
|
|
Payable for securities purchased
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,358
|
)
|
Other assets
|
|
|
9,677
|
|
|
6,664
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets of discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
7,129,106
|
|
$
|
12,743,069
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-28
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
168,106
|
|
$
|
3,369,427
|
|
Mortgage-backed securities issued, at fair value
|
|
|
3,169,353
|
|
|
|
|
Asset-backed secured liquidity notes, at fair value
|
|
|
3,519,860
|
|
|
|
|
Asset-backed secured liquidity notes, at par value
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,705,601
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
10,355
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
|
9,909
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
|
|
|
123,701
|
|
|
26,725
|
|
Accrued interest payable (receivable)
|
|
|
11,000
|
|
|
(11,075
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities of discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
7,012,284
|
|
$
|
12,090,678
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
components of (loss) income from discontinued operations are as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2005
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
47,861
|
|
$
|
68,013
|
|
$
|
48,444
|
|
Total other loss
|
|
|
(213,408
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-investment expenses
|
|
|
(147,059
|
)
|
|
(15,443
|
)
|
|
(5,143
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(312,606
|
)
|
$
|
52,570
|
|
$
|
43,301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, in connection with the aforementioned sale by the Company of approximately $5.2 billion of residential mortgage-backed securities,
the Company terminated seven interest rate derivatives with an aggregate notional amount of $3.8 billion. The terminated interest rate derivatives had previously been designated as cash flow
hedges under SFAS No. 133 and at the time of termination had a fair value of approximately $28.6 million that was included in other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders'
equity. As the hedged forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, the Company recognized the $28.6 million gain which is included in (loss) income from discontinued operations.
Additionally, the Company undesignated four interest rate derivatives that had been designated as cash flow hedges with an aggregate notional amount of $610.7 million as the hedged forecasted
transaction is no longer expected to occur and recognized the related unrealized loss into (loss) income from discontinued operations of approximately $0.2 million that had been included in
other comprehensive income. During the period subsequent to the undesignation through the end of the year ended December 31, 2007, these interest rate derivatives generated unrealized gains of
approximately $0.7 million that are included in (loss) income from discontinued operations.
As
previously described, the Company has elected the fair value option for its investments in residential mortgage loans. Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted SFAS
No. 157, which requires additional disclosures about the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value.
F-29
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
As
defined in SFAS No. 157, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available,
valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or
market and the instruments' complexity for disclosure purposes. Beginning in January 2007, assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon
the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their value. Hierarchical levels, as defined in SFAS No. 157 and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with
the inputs to fair valuations of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:
Level 1:
Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
None
of the Company's financial assets or liabilities reflected as discontinued operations are valued under level 1.
Level 2:
Inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices
for similar instruments in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Fair
value assets and liabilities of discontinued operations that are generally included in this category are mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans (which are currently reflected as assets of
discontinued operations for financial statement purposes) where the mortgage loans on the Company's financial statements consist of mortgage-backed securities where the issuing trust has been
consolidated on the Company's consolidated financial statements and certain interest rate swaps classified as derivatives where the fair value is based on observable market inputs.
Level 3:
Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the
inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its
entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input
to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset.
Liabilities
of discontinued operations consisting of asset-backed secured liquidity notes are included in this category.
As
of December 31, 2007, the residential mortgage loans which total $3.9 billion were all valued utilizing level 2 inputs as described under SFAS No. 157.
Additionally, trading securities and mortgage-backed securities issued, at fair value, each with a balance of $3.2 billion, were also valued using level 2 inputs. Asset-backed secured
liquidity notes are valued using level 3 inputs. The estimated fair value of the asset-backed secured liquidity notes is derived from observable prices obtained for the assets collateralizing
the asset-backed secured liquidity notes.
F-30
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
The
following table presents information about the Company's assets and liabilities (including derivatives) included in discontinued operations measured at fair value on a recurring
basis as of December 31, 2007, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2007
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading securities
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
3,174,881
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
3,174,881
|
|
Loans, at fair value
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,921,323
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,921,323
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
7,096,204
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
7,096,204
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(9,909
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(9,909
|
)
|
Mortgage-backed securities issued, at fair value
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,169,353
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(3,169,353
|
)
|
Asset-backed secured liquidity notes, at fair value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,519,860
|
)
|
|
(3,519,860
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(3,179,262
|
)
|
$
|
(3,519,860
|
)
|
$
|
(6,699,122
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following table presents additional information about liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized significant unobservable
inputs (level 3) to determine fair value, for the year ended December 31, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Asset-backed secured liquidity notes
|
|
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2007
|
|
$
|
|
|
Total gains or losses (realized and unrealized):
|
|
|
|
|
Included in earnings
|
|
|
89,130
|
|
Included in other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
Net transfers into level 3
|
|
|
|
|
Issuances
|
|
|
(3,608,990
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Ending balance as of December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
(3,519,860
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date
|
|
$
|
89,130
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
the Company's residential mortgage investment operations and REIT Subsidiary are currently presented as discontinued operations, the unrealized gains included in earnings for the year
ended December 31, 2007 of $89.1 million are reported in net loss from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2007, the Company
did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
F-31
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 4. Earnings (Loss) per Share
The Company calculates basic net income (loss) per common share by dividing net income (loss) for the period by the weighted-average shares of its common shares
outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares plus potentially dilutive common
shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include the assumed exercise of outstanding common share options and assumed vesting of outstanding restricted common shares
using the treasury stock method, as well as the assumed conversion of convertible senior notes using the if-converted method, if they are not anti-dilutive.
F-32
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 4. Earnings (Loss) per Share (Continued)
The
following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 (amounts in thousands,
except per share information):
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2005
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
212,401
|
|
$
|
82,762
|
|
$
|
11,780
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(312,606
|
)
|
|
52,570
|
|
|
43,301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(100,205
|
)
|
$
|
135,332
|
|
$
|
55,081
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
|
|
|
89,953
|
|
|
79,626
|
|
|
60,100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.36
|
|
$
|
1.04
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(3.47
|
)
|
$
|
0.66
|
|
$
|
0.72
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income per share
|
|
$
|
(1.11
|
)
|
$
|
1.70
|
|
$
|
0.92
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
|
|
|
89,953
|
|
|
79,626
|
|
|
60,100
|
Dilutive effect of share options and restricted common shares using the treasury method
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
782
|
|
|
1,089
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding(1)
|
|
|
90,640
|
|
|
80,408
|
|
|
61,189
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
2.34
|
|
$
|
1.03
|
|
$
|
0.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(3.45
|
)
|
$
|
0.65
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income per share
|
|
$
|
(1.11
|
)
|
$
|
1.68
|
|
$
|
0.90
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Potential
anti-dilutive common shares excluded from diluted (loss) income earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2007 were 4,268,675 related to
convertible debt securities. There were no anti-dilutive common shares for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005.
Note 5. Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
Securities sold, not yet purchased consist of equity and debt securities that the Company has sold short. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had
securities sold, not yet purchased with an amortized cost basis of $103.1 million and an accumulated net unrealized gain of $2.7 million. The Company did not have any securities sold,
not yet purchased as of December 31, 2006.
For
the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company had net realized gains on short security sales of $6.0 million and net unrealized gains on short security sales of
$2.7 million, compared to no net realized or unrealized gains or losses on short security sales for the year ended December 31, 2006.
F-33
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 6. Securities Available-for-Sale
The following table summarizes the Company's securities classified as available-for-sale as of December 31, 2007, which are carried
at estimated fair value (amounts in thousands):
Description
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
Gross Unrealized Gains
|
|
Gross Unrealized Losses
|
|
Estimated Fair Value
|
Corporate securities
|
|
$
|
1,438,027
|
|
$
|
8,706
|
|
$
|
(134,969
|
)
|
$
|
1,311,764
|
Common and preferred stock
|
|
|
58,529
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
(10,776
|
)
|
|
47,777
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,496,556
|
|
$
|
8,730
|
|
$
|
(145,745
|
)
|
$
|
1,359,541
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company's available-for-sale securities, aggregated by length of time that the
individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Less Than 12 months
|
|
12 Months or More
|
|
Total
|
|
Description
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Corporate securities
|
|
$
|
1,075,296
|
|
$
|
(134,969
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
1,075,296
|
|
$
|
(134,969
|
)
|
Common and preferred stock
|
|
|
35,402
|
|
|
(7,664
|
)
|
|
9,321
|
|
|
(3,112
|
)
|
|
44,723
|
|
|
(10,776
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,110,698
|
|
$
|
(142,633
|
)
|
$
|
9,321
|
|
$
|
(3,112
|
)
|
$
|
1,120,019
|
|
$
|
(145,745
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
unrealized losses in the above table exclude one investment in a corporate security that is deemed to be an other-than-temporary impairment for
$5.9 million. The decline in fair value was deemed to be other-than-temporary in the fourth quarter of 2007 based on the Company's intent to sell the security during
2008. When evaluating whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company performs an analysis of the anticipated future cash flows and the ability and intent to hold
the investment for a sufficient amount of time to recover the unrealized losses. Additionally, the Company considers the current events specific to the issuer or industry including widening credit
spreads and external credit ratings, as well as interest rate volatility. This other-than-temporary impairment was recognized as a loss in net realized and unrealized gain on
investments in the consolidated statements of operations.
All
other unrealized losses in the table above are considered to be temporary impairments due to market factors and are not reflective of credit deterioration. The Company has performed
credit analyses in relation to these investments and has determined that the carrying value of these investments is expected to be fully recoverable over their expected holding period. Because the
Company has the intent and ability to hold these investments until recovery, the related unrealized losses are not considered to be other-than-temporary impairments.
F-34
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 6. Securities Available-for-Sale (Continued)
The
following table summarizes the Company's securities classified as available-for-sale as of December 31, 2006, which are carried at estimated fair value
(amounts in thousands):
Description
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
Gross Unrealized Gains
|
|
Gross Unrealized Losses
|
|
Fair Value Hedge Adjustment
|
|
Estimated Fair Value
|
Corporate securities
|
|
$
|
831,900
|
|
$
|
36,733
|
|
$
|
(4,385
|
)
|
$
|
(13
|
)
|
$
|
864,235
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
31,071
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
31,237
|
Common and preferred stock
|
|
|
68,113
|
|
|
1,314
|
|
|
(459
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
68,968
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
931,084
|
|
$
|
38,250
|
|
$
|
(4,881
|
)
|
$
|
(13
|
)
|
$
|
964,440
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company's available-for-sale securities, aggregated by length of time that the
individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2006 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Less than 12 months
|
|
12 Months or More
|
|
Total
|
|
Description
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Corporate securities
|
|
$
|
61,848
|
|
$
|
(4,106
|
)
|
$
|
18,907
|
|
$
|
(279
|
)
|
$
|
80,755
|
|
$
|
(4,385
|
)
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
7,462
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,462
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
Common and preferred stock
|
|
|
33,063
|
|
|
(459
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,063
|
|
|
(459
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
102,373
|
|
$
|
(4,602
|
)
|
$
|
18,907
|
|
$
|
(279
|
)
|
$
|
121,280
|
|
$
|
(4,881
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
unrealized losses in the above table are temporary impairments due to market factors and are not reflective of credit deterioration. The Company has performed credit analyses in
relation to these investments and has determined that the carrying value of these investments is expected to be fully
recoverable over their expected holding period. Because the Company has the intent and ability to hold these investments until recovery, the unrealized losses are not considered to be
other-than-temporary impairments.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company had gross realized gains and losses from the sales of securities available-for-sale of
$44.9 million and $5.1 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company had gross realized gains and losses from the sales of securities
available-for-sale of $6.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company had gross realized gains and losses
from the sales of securities available-for-sale of $2.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
F-35
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 6. Securities Available-for-Sale (Continued)
The
following table summarizes the estimated fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2007 (dollar amounts in thousands):
Description
|
|
Estimated Fair Value
|
|
Weighted Average Coupon
|
|
Due within one year
|
|
$
|
49,277
|
|
6.6
|
%
|
One to five years
|
|
|
94,864
|
|
11.0
|
|
Five to ten years
|
|
|
1,137,633
|
|
10.2
|
|
Greater than ten years
|
|
|
29,990
|
|
7.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,311,764
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected
maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Note 9
to these consolidated financial statements describes the Company's borrowings under which the Company has pledged securities available-for-sale for
borrowings under repurchase agreements and all other secured financing transactions. The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of securities available-for-sale
pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements and all other secured financing transactions as of December 31, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Corporate Securities
|
|
Common and Preferred Stock
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
487,297
|
|
$
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
43,878
|
|
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured demand loan
|
|
|
|
|
|
34,483
|
Pledged as collateral for collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes and junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
762,776
|
|
|
|
Pledged as collateral for subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
17,813
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,311,764
|
|
$
|
34,483
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following table summarizes the estimated fair value of securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements and all other secured financing transactions as of
December 31, 2006 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Corporate Securities(1)
|
|
Common and Preferred Stock
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
342,879
|
|
$
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
33,186
|
|
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured demand loan
|
|
|
|
|
|
47,056
|
Pledged as collateral for collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
408,416
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
784,481
|
|
$
|
47,056
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Includes
asset-backed securities
F-36
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 7. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table summarizes the Company's loans as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Unamortized
Discount
|
|
Net
Amortized Cost
|
|
Principal
|
|
Unamortized
Discount
|
|
Net
Amortized Cost
|
Total corporate loans
|
|
$
|
8,766,169
|
|
$
|
(106,961
|
)
|
$
|
8,659,208
|
|
$
|
3,341,204
|
|
$
|
(6,944
|
)
|
$
|
3,334,260
|
Note 9
to these consolidated financial statements describes the Company's borrowings under which the Company has pledged loans for borrowings under repurchase agreements and all
other secured financing transactions. The following table summarizes the carrying value of corporate loans pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements and all other secured financing
transactions as of December 31, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
1,994,999
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
48,142
|
Pledged as collateral for collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes and junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
6,276,882
|
Pledged as collateral for subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
27,886
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
8,347,909
|
|
|
|
The
following table summarizes the carrying value of corporate loans pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements and all other secured financing transactions as of
December 31, 2006 (amounts in thousands):
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
611,976
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
174,893
|
Pledged as collateral for collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
2,545,759
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
3,332,628
|
|
|
|
As
of December 31, 2007 and 2006, no corporate loans were delinquent. As of December 31, 2007, the Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $25.0 million
which reflects the Company's estimate of probable, but not realized, losses in the Company's corporate loan portfolio as of December 31, 2007. The $25.0 million allowance for loan losses is
unallocated as of December 31, 2007 as the Company has not deemed any individual loans as being impaired as of that date. As of December 31, 2006, the Company had no allowance for loan
losses relating to the corporate loan portfolio. In reviewing the
Company's portfolio of corporate loans, the Company determined that no loans were impaired as of December 31, 2007 and 2006.
Note 8. Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliate
During the third quarter of 2006, the Company invested in KKR Financial Holdings I, L.P. ("KFH"), a limited partnership in which the Company held a 49.9%
limited partnership interest. The remaining 50.1% of KFH was owned by three private investment funds (collectively, the "KKR Strategic Capital Funds") and the general partner of the KKR Strategic
Capital Funds. The KKR Strategic Capital Funds are managed by an affiliate of the Company's Manager and the KFH general
F-37
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 8. Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliate (Continued)
partner
is 100% owned by the Company's Manager. KFH was formed to hold the subordinated interests in three special purpose entities formed during the third quarter of 2006 for the purpose of
completing secured financing transactions in the form of collateralized loan obligation issuances to finance certain investments in corporate loans and securities. These three special purpose entities
were consolidated by KFH because KFH was determined to be the primary beneficiary of these entities under FIN 46R.
In
the second quarter of 2007, the three special purpose entities which KFH had previously consolidated were combined in one secured financing transaction, CLO 2007-1 (see
description in Note 9). Because the Company holds the majority of the subordinated interests in CLO 2007-1, the Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of CLO
2007-1 and therefore consolidates the accounts of CLO 2007-1 into these financial statements.
Note 9. Borrowings
The Company leverages its portfolio of securities and loans through the use of repurchase agreements, warehouse facilities, demand loans, and securitization
transactions structured as secured financings.
Certain
information with respect to the Company's borrowings as of December 31, 2007 is summarized in the following table (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
Outstanding Borrowings
|
|
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate
|
|
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity (in days)
|
|
Fair Value
of Collateral(1)
|
Repurchase agreements(2)
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
|
5.39
|
%
|
139
|
|
$
|
2,469,114
|
Secured revolving credit facility(3)
|
|
|
156,669
|
|
5.65
|
|
540
|
|
|
92,020
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
5.00
|
|
31
|
|
|
34,483
|
CLO 2005-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
831,428
|
|
5.39
|
|
3,404
|
|
|
894,548
|
CLO 2005-2 senior secured notes
|
|
|
807,882
|
|
5.34
|
|
3,618
|
|
|
905,552
|
CLO 2006-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
727,500
|
|
5.39
|
|
3,890
|
|
|
937,287
|
CLO 2007-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
2,368,500
|
|
5.39
|
|
4,884
|
|
|
2,641,046
|
CLO 2007-1 junior secured notes to affiliates(4)
|
|
|
431,292
|
|
|
|
4,884
|
|
|
480,922
|
CLO 2007-A senior secured notes
|
|
|
1,213,300
|
|
5.57
|
|
3,576
|
|
|
1,095,328
|
CLO 2007-A junior secured notes to affiliates(5)
|
|
|
94,128
|
|
|
|
3,576
|
|
|
84,976
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
7.00
|
|
1,658
|
|
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
329,908
|
|
7.54
|
|
10,524
|
|
|
|
Subordinated notes to affiliates(6)
|
|
|
152,574
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163,437
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
10,077,292
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
9,798,713
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Collateral
for borrowings consists of securities available-for-sale and loans.
-
(2)
-
Includes
repurchase agreements of $544.5 million collateralized by retained rated mezzanine notes and unrated subordinated notes issued by the Company's CLO subsidiaries.
F-38
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 9. Borrowings (Continued)
-
(3)
-
Excludes
$10.4 million in borrowings classified as discontinued operations. Includes $100.0 million in borrowings collateralized by retained rated mezzanine notes and
unrated subordinated notes issued by the Company's CLO subsidiaries.
-
(4)
-
CLO
2007-1 junior secured notes to affiliates consist of (x) $244.7 million of mezzanine notes with a weighted average borrowing rate of 9.72% and
(y) $186.6 million of subordinated notes that do not have a contractual coupon rate, but instead receive a pro rata amount of the net distributions from CLO 2007-1.
-
(5)
-
CLO
2007-A junior secured notes to affiliates consist of (x) $79.0 million of mezzanine notes with a weighted average borrowing rate of 10.87% and
(y) $15.1 million of subordinated notes that do not have a contractual coupon rate, but instead receive a pro rata amount of the net distributions from CLO 2007-A.
-
(6)
-
Subordinated
notes do not have a contractual coupon rate, but instead receive a pro rata amount of the net distributions from CLO 2007-4, CLO 2008-1 and
Wayzata.
Certain
information with respect to the Company's borrowings as of December 31, 2006 is summarized in the following table (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
Outstanding Borrowings
|
|
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate
|
|
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity (in days)
|
|
Fair Value
of Collateral(1)
|
Repurchase agreements(2)
|
|
$
|
455,301
|
|
5.62
|
%
|
22
|
|
$
|
244,359
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
34,710
|
|
6.07
|
|
905
|
|
|
208,536
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
41,658
|
|
5.88
|
|
1
|
|
|
47,056
|
CLO 2005-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
773,000
|
|
5.78
|
|
3,769
|
|
|
984,837
|
CLO 2005-2 senior secured notes
|
|
|
752,000
|
|
5.65
|
|
3,983
|
|
|
982,976
|
CLO 2006-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
727,500
|
|
5.73
|
|
4,255
|
|
|
1,001,405
|
CDO 2005-1 repurchase agreements
|
|
|
1,074
|
|
6.45
|
|
18
|
|
|
1,434
|
CLO 2006-2 repurchase agreements
|
|
|
631,287
|
|
5.95
|
|
1
|
|
|
734,348
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
257,743
|
|
7.71
|
|
10,811
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
3,674,273
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,204,951
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Collateral
for borrowings consists of securities available-for-sale and loans.
-
(2)
-
Includes
repurchase agreements of $280.4 million collateralized by retained rated mezzanine notes and unrated subordinated notes issued by the Company's subsidiaries.
F-39
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 9. Borrowings (Continued)
At
December 31, 2007, the Company had repurchase agreements with the following counterparties (dollar amounts in thousands):
Counterparty(2)
|
|
Amount
At Risk(1)
|
|
Weighted Average Maturity (Days)
|
|
Weighted Average Interest Rate
|
|
Morgan Stanley
|
|
$
|
94,017
|
|
166
|
|
5.36
|
%
|
J. P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|
|
|
89,426
|
|
168
|
|
5.35
|
|
Citigroup Global Markets Ltd.
|
|
|
72,024
|
|
184
|
|
5.35
|
|
Goldman Sachs
|
|
|
68,628
|
|
190
|
|
5.35
|
|
Bank of America
|
|
|
48,776
|
|
5
|
|
5.64
|
|
Credit Suisse First Boston LLC
|
|
|
6,745
|
|
21
|
|
3.16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
379,616
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Computed
as an amount equal to the estimated fair value of securities or loans, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of repurchase agreement liabilities plus accrued interest
expense.
-
(2)
-
Counterparty
includes subsidiaries and affiliates of each counterparty listed.
At
December 31, 2006, the Company had repurchase agreements with the following counterparties (dollar amounts in thousands):
Counterparty(2)
|
|
Amount
At Risk(1)
|
|
Weighted Average Maturity (Days)
|
|
Weighted Average Interest Rate
|
|
Bear Stearns & Co. Inc.
|
|
$
|
65,170
|
|
26
|
|
5.65
|
%
|
Citigroup Global Markets Ltd.
|
|
|
19,121
|
|
21
|
|
5.63
|
|
J. P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|
|
|
8,840
|
|
7
|
|
5.93
|
|
Credit Suisse First Boston LLC
|
|
|
11,006
|
|
14
|
|
5.47
|
|
Deutsche Bank AG
|
|
|
363
|
|
18
|
|
6.45
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
104,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Computed
as an amount equal to the estimated fair value of securities or loans, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of repurchase agreement liabilities plus accrued interest
expense.
-
(2)
-
Counterparty
includes subsidiaries and affiliates of each counterparty listed.
During
March 2006, the Company formed KKR Financial Capital Trust I ("Trust I") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On March 28, 2006, Trust I issued
preferred securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $50.0 million and common securities to the Company for $1.6 million. The combined proceeds were invested by Trust I
in $51.6 million of junior subordinated notes issued by the Company. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust I and mature on April 30, 2036, but are callable on or
after April 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 7.64% through March 2016 and thereafter at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.65%.
During
June 2006, the Company formed KKR Financial Capital Trust II ("Trust II") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On June 2, 2006, Trust II issued
preferred securities to
F-40
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 9. Borrowings (Continued)
unaffiliated
investors for gross proceeds of $50.0 million and common securities to the Company for $1.6 million. The combined proceeds were invested by Trust II in $51.6 million
of junior subordinated notes issued by the Company. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust II and mature on July 30, 2036, but are callable on or after July 30, 2011.
Interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 8.09% through July 2016 and thereafter at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.65%.
During
August 2006, the Company formed KKR Financial Capital Trust III ("Trust III") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On August 10, 2006, Trust III
issued preferred securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $85.0 million and common securities to the Company for $2.6 million. The combined proceeds were invested by
Trust III in $87.6 million of junior subordinated notes issued by the Company. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust III and mature on October 30, 2036, but are
callable on or after October 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.35%.
During
September 2006, the Company formed KKR Financial Capital Trust IV ("Trust IV") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On September 15, 2006, Trust IV
issued preferred securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $15.0 million and common securities to the Company for $0.5 million. The combined proceeds were invested by
Trust IV in $15.5 million of junior subordinated notes issued by the Company. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust IV and mature on October 30, 2036, but are
callable on or after October 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.35%.
During
September 2006, the Company also closed CLO 2006-1, its third $1.0 billion CLO transaction that provides financing for investments consisting of corporate loans
and certain other loans and securities. The investments that are owned by CLO 2006-1 collateralize the CLO 2006-1 debt, and as a result, those investments are not available to
the Company, its creditors or shareholders. CLO 2006-1 issued a total of $727.5 million of senior secured notes at par to investors. In addition, the Company retained
$145.5 million of rated mezzanine notes and $144.0 million of unrated subordinated notes issued by CLO 2006-1.
During
September 2006, the Company formed KKR Financial Capital Trust V ("Trust V") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. On September 29, 2006, Trust V
issued preferred securities to unaffiliated investors for gross proceeds of $50.0 million and common securities to the Company for $1.6 million. The combined proceeds were invested by
Trust V in $51.6 million of junior subordinated notes issued by the Company. The junior subordinated notes are the sole assets of Trust V and mature on October 30, 2036, but are callable
on or after October 30, 2011. Interest is payable quarterly at a fixed rate of 7.395% through October 2016 and thereafter at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.25%.
On
May 22, 2007, the Company closed CLO 2007-1, a $3.5 billion secured financing transaction. The Company issued $2.4 billion of senior secured notes at
par to unaffiliated investors with a weighted-average coupon of three-month LIBOR plus 0.53% and issued $244.7 million of mezzanine notes and $186.6 million of subordinated notes to the
KKR Strategic Capital Funds. The investments that are owned by CLO 2007-1 collateralize the CLO 2007-1 debt, and as a result, those investments are not available to the
Company, its creditors or shareholders. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded interest expense of $42.2 million for the notes issued to the KKR
F-41
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 9. Borrowings (Continued)
Strategic
Capital Funds and as of December 31, 2007, the Company had accrued interest payable to the KKR Strategic Capital Funds totaling $25.4 million.
During
June 2007, the Company issued $72.2 million of junior subordinated notes to KKR Financial Capital Trust VI (the "Trust"), an entity the Company formed for issuing trust
preferred securities and through which the Company received $70.0 million in gross proceeds through the Trust's issuance of trust preferred securities to unaffiliated investors. Interest is
payable quarterly at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.50%. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded interest expense on these notes of $2.9 million.
On
July 23, 2007 the Company issued an aggregate of $300.0 million of 7.000% convertible senior notes maturing on July 15, 2012 (the "Notes") to qualified
institutional buyers. The Notes represent senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at the rate of 7.000% per year. Interest is payable semi-annually on
January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning January 15, 2008.
The
Notes are convertible into the Company's common shares, initially at a conversion rate of 31.08 shares per $1,000 principal of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion
price of $32.175 per common share. On July 23, 2007, the Company's closing share price was $23.74. The Notes are convertible prior to the maturity date at any time on or after June 15,
2012 and also under the following circumstances: (a) a holder may surrender any of its Notes for conversion during any calendar quarter beginning after September 30, 2007 (and only
during such calendar quarter) if, and only if, the closing sale price of the Company's common shares for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) in the period of 30 consecutive trading
days ending on the last trading day of the preceding calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the conversion price per common share in effect on the applicable
trading day; (b) a holder may surrender any of its Notes for conversion during the five consecutive trading-day period following any five consecutive trading-day period
in which the trading price of the Notes was less than 98% of the product of the closing sale price of the Company's common shares multiplied by the applicable conversion rate; (c) a holder may
surrender for conversion any of its Notes if those Notes have been called for redemption, at any time prior to the redemption date, even if the Notes are not otherwise convertible at such time; and
(d) a holder may surrender any of its Notes for conversion if the Company engages in certain specified transactions, as defined in the indenture covering the Notes. In connection with the
Company's common share rights offering (see Note 1 for description) during the third quarter, the Company adjusted the conversion rate for the Notes pursuant to the governing indenture for the
Notes. The new conversion price for the Notes is approximately $31.00 and was effective on September 21, 2007. The new conversion rate for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes is 32.2581 of
the Company's common shares.
On
October 31, 2007, the Company closed CLO 2007-A, Ltd., a $1.5 billion secured financing transaction. The Company issued $1.2 billion of senior
secured notes at par to unaffiliated investors with a weighted-average coupon of three-month LIBOR plus 0.87%. CLO 2007-A also issued $79.0 million of mezzanine notes and
$15.1 million of subordinated notes to the KKR Strategic Capital Funds. The investments that are owned by CLO 2007-A collateralize the CLO 2007-A debt, and as a result,
those investments are not available to the Company, its creditors or shareholders. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded interest expense of $2.8 million for the
notes issued to the KKR Strategic Capital Funds and as of December 31, 2007 the Company had accrued interest payable to the KKR Strategic Capital Funds totaling $2.8 million.
F-42
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 9. Borrowings (Continued)
On
November 5, 2007, the Company closed Wayzata Funding LLC, which is a $2.0 billion secured financing transaction that provides five-year term financing
for investments in corporate loans and securities. The facility provides the Company with the ability to issue up to $1.6 billion of senior secured notes at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus
1.28%. As of December 31, 2007, no senior secured notes were outstanding under this facility. The investments owned by Wayzata Funding LLC collateralize non-recourse debt
issued by Wayzata Funding LLC. As a result, those investments are not available to the Company, its creditors, or shareholders. On November 7, 2007, Wayzata Funding LLC issued
$18.5 million of unrated subordinated notes at par to KKR Strategic Capital Funds. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.3 million
for the notes issued to the KKR Strategic Capital Funds and as of December 31, 2007, the Company had accrued interest payable to the KKR Strategic Capital Funds totaling $0.3 million.
On
December 14, 2007 the Company amended its Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 4, 2007, with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and the
lender parties thereto, and the REIT Subsidiary, TRS Inc., TRS Ltd., KFH II, KFH III, KKR Financial Holdings, Inc. and KKR Financial Holdings, Ltd. The amendment decreased
the size of the credit facility from $800.0 million to $500.0 million. Outstanding borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at either (a) an interest rate per annum
equal to the LIBOR rate for the applicable interest period plus 0.825% for borrowings
under tranche A of the facility and 1.075% for borrowings under tranche B of the facility or (b) an alternate base rate per annum equal to the greater of (i) the prime rate
in effect on such day and (ii) the federal funds rate in effect on such day plus 0.50%. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had $167.0 million in borrowings outstanding under
both tranches of this facility, which includes $10.4 million in borrowings classified as discontinued operations. In addition, pursuant to this amendment the Company's financial covenants were
amended to now require that the Company:
-
-
maintain
adjusted consolidated tangible net worth of at least $1.437 billion plus an amount equal to 85% of the net proceeds, subject to certain exceptions, from the
issuance of equity interests (as defined in the amendment) subsequent to September 30, 2007;
-
-
not
permit its adjusted net income from continuing operations to be less than $1.00 for any quarter; and
-
-
not
exceed a leverage ratio (as defined in the amendment) of 4.75 to 1.0, computed on a basis that generally excludes debt of discontinued operations.
F-43
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 9. Borrowings (Continued)
The
table below summarizes the Company's contractual obligations (excluding interest) under borrowing agreements as of December 31, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Payments Due by Period
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
3-5 Years
|
|
More than
5 years
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility(1)
|
|
|
156,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
156,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLO 2005-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
831,428
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
831,428
|
CLO 2005-2 senior secured notes
|
|
|
807,882
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
807,882
|
CLO 2006-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
727,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
727,500
|
CLO 2007-1 senior secured notes
|
|
|
2,368,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,368,500
|
CLO 2007-1 junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
431,292
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
431,292
|
CLO 2007-A senior secured notes
|
|
|
1,213,300
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,213,300
|
CLO 2007-A junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
94,128
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94,128
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
329,908
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
329,908
|
Subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
152,574
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,500
|
|
|
134,074
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
10,077,292
|
|
$
|
2,664,111
|
|
$
|
156,669
|
|
$
|
318,500
|
|
$
|
6,938,012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Excludes
$10.4 million in borrowings classified as discontinued operations.
Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company enters into derivative transactions in order hedge its interest rate risk exposure to the effects of interest rate changes. Additionally, the Company
enters into derivative transactions in the course of its investing. The counterparties to the Company's derivative agreements are major financial institutions with which the Company and its affiliates
may also have other financial relationships. In the event of nonperformance by the counterparties, the Company is potentially exposed to losses. The counterparties to the Company's derivative
agreements have investment grade ratings and, as a result, the Company does not anticipate that any of the counterparties will fail to fulfill their obligations.
Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedges
The Company uses interest rate derivatives consisting of swaps to hedge a portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings under CLO senior
secured notes. The Company designates these financial instruments as cash flow hedges. The Company also uses interest rate swaps to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with
certain fixed interest rate investments. The Company designates these financial instruments as fair value hedges.
F-44
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)
Free-Standing Derivatives
Free-standing derivatives are derivatives that the Company has entered into in conjunction with its investment and risk management activities, but for
which the Company has not designated the derivative contract as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. Such derivative contracts may include credit default swaps, foreign exchange contracts,
and interest rate derivatives. Free-standing derivatives also include investment financing arrangements (total rate of return swaps) whereby the Company receives the sum of all interest,
fees and any positive change in
fair value amounts from a reference asset with a specified notional amount and pays interest on such notional amount plus any negative change in fair value amounts from such reference asset.
The
table below summarizes the aggregate notional amount and estimated net fair value of the derivative instruments as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 (amounts
in thousands):
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Notional
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Cash Flow Hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
383,333
|
|
$
|
(19,018
|
)
|
$
|
150,000
|
|
$
|
(1,711
|
)
|
Fair Value Hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
32,000
|
|
|
(1,212
|
)
|
|
32,000
|
|
|
13
|
|
Free-Standing Derivatives:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaptions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,000
|
|
|
75
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
112,500
|
|
|
1,950
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit default swapslong
|
|
|
66,000
|
|
|
(1,154
|
)
|
|
3,000
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
Credit default swapsshort
|
|
|
268,000
|
|
|
12,613
|
|
|
275,000
|
|
|
(797
|
)
|
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
|
442,204
|
|
|
(21,998
|
)
|
|
222,647
|
|
|
2,343
|
|
|
Foreign exchange contracts
|
|
|
6,656
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,310,693
|
|
$
|
(28,017
|
)
|
$
|
713,647
|
|
$
|
102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For
all hedges where hedge accounting is being applied, effectiveness testing and other procedures to ensure the ongoing validity of the hedges are performed at least monthly. During the
year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of ineffectiveness in income on the consolidated statements of operations from its cash flow and fair value hedges.
During the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company recognized zero ineffectiveness from its cash flow and fair value hedges in income.
F-45
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)
The
following table summarizes by derivative instrument type the effect on income from free-standing derivatives for the periods (amounts in thousands):
Free-Standing Derivatives:
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2007
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2005
|
|
Interest rate swaptions
|
|
$
|
15
|
|
$
|
(92
|
)
|
$
|
(424
|
)
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
843
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
758
|
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
7,599
|
|
|
(896
|
)
|
|
(259
|
)
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
|
(10,271
|
)
|
|
4,237
|
|
|
755
|
|
Foreign exchange contracts
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,211
|
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized and unrealized (losses) gains on free-standing derivatives
|
|
$
|
(1,012
|
)
|
$
|
3,191
|
|
$
|
3,041
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income were as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
Net unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities
|
|
$
|
(159,802
|
)
|
$
|
19,674
|
Net unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges
|
|
|
(19,018
|
)
|
|
50,846
|
Transition adjustment to accumulated deficit in conjunction with fair value option election for residential mortgage-backed securities, currently held as discontinued operations
|
|
|
21,575
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(157,245
|
)
|
$
|
70,520
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-46
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Continued)
The
components of other comprehensive (loss) income were as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2005
|
|
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available-for-sale:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during period
|
|
$
|
(138,316
|
)
|
$
|
33,246
|
|
$
|
(26,268
|
)
|
|
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses realized in net income(1)
|
|
|
(33,262
|
)
|
|
5,745
|
|
|
(2,667
|
)
|
|
Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities from investment in unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
(7,898
|
)
|
|
7,898
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
(179,476
|
)
|
|
46,889
|
|
|
(28,935
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during period
|
|
|
(41,295
|
)
|
|
5,287
|
|
|
45,559
|
|
|
Reclassification adjustments for gains realized in discontinued operations
|
|
|
(28,569
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges
|
|
|
(69,864
|
)
|
|
5,287
|
|
|
45,559
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(249,340
|
)
|
$
|
52,176
|
|
$
|
16,624
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Includes
an impairment of $5.9 million for one investment in a corporate debt security which was determined to be other-than-temporary.
Note 12. Commitments
Operating Lease
As of December 31, 2007, the Company was a party to a non-cancelable operating lease for office space. The total lease payments to be made over
a ten-year term, including certain free rent periods, are being recognized as rent expense on a straight-line basis over the ten-year period. This expense is
included in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Total rent expense under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 was
F-47
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 12. Commitments (Continued)
$0.8 million,
$1.3 million, and $0.7 million, respectively. Minimum future obligations on leases in effect at December 31, 2007, are approximately as follows (amounts in
thousands):
Year
|
|
Amount
|
2008
|
|
$
|
1,379
|
2009
|
|
|
1,388
|
2010
|
|
|
1,429
|
2011
|
|
|
1,438
|
2012
|
|
|
1,479
|
2013 and thereafter
|
|
|
5,440
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
12,553
|
|
|
|
Loan Commitments
As part of its strategy of investing in corporate loans, the Company commits to purchase interests in primary market loan syndications, which obligate the Company
to acquire a predetermined interest in such loans at a specified price on a to-be-determined settlement date. Consistent with standard industry practices, once the Company has
been informed of the amount of its syndication allocation in a particular loan by the syndication agent, the Company bears the risks and benefits of changes in the fair value of the syndicated loan
from that date forward. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had committed to purchase or participate in approximately $209.1 million of corporate loans.
In
addition, the Company participates in certain contingent financing arrangements, whereby the Company is committed to provide funding of up to a specific amount at the discretion of
the borrower. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had unfunded financing commitments totaling $109.9 million.
Note 13. Share Options and Restricted Shares
The Company has adopted an amended and restated share incentive plan (the "2007 Share Incentive Plan") that provides for the grant of qualified incentive common
share options that meet the requirements of Section 422 of the Code, non-qualified common share options, share appreciation rights, restricted common shares and other share-based
awards. The 2007 Share Incentive Plan was adopted on May 4, 2007. Prior to the 2007 Share Incentive Plan, the Company had adopted the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan that provided for the grant of
qualified incentive common stock options that met the requirements of Section 422 of the Code, non-qualified common stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted common stock
and other share-based awards. The 2004 Stock Incentive Plan was amended on May 26, 2005. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the plan. Share options and other
share-based awards may be granted to the Manager, directors, officers and any key employees of the Manager and to any other individual or entity performing services for the Company.
The
exercise price for any share option granted under the 2007 Share Incentive Plan may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common shares at the time the common share
option is granted. Each option to acquire a common share must terminate no more than ten years from the date it is granted. As of December 31, 2007, the 2007 Share Incentive Plan authorizes a
total of 8,214,625 shares that may be used to satisfy awards under the 2007 Share Incentive Plan. The Company made its
F-48
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 13. Share Options and Restricted Shares (Continued)
initial
grants on August 12, 2004 and August 19, 2004, the dates that the Company closed its initial private placement of common shares and the date that the over-allotment
option was exercised, respectively. On July 2, 2007, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors granted 34,277 restricted common shares to the Company's directors pursuant to the 2007
Share Incentive Plan.
The
following table summarizes restricted common share transactions:
|
|
Manager
|
|
Directors
|
|
Total
|
|
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2004
|
|
1,193,867
|
|
15,000
|
|
1,208,867
|
|
Issued
|
|
1,875,000
|
|
28,321
|
|
1,903,321
|
|
Vested
|
|
(397,956
|
)
|
(10,000
|
)
|
(407,956
|
)
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
|
(5,000
|
)
|
(5,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2005
|
|
2,670,911
|
|
28,321
|
|
2,699,232
|
|
Issued
|
|
|
|
33,152
|
|
33,152
|
|
Vested
|
|
(1,022,956
|
)
|
(9,440
|
)
|
(1,032,396
|
)
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2006
|
|
1,647,955
|
|
52,033
|
|
1,699,988
|
|
Issued
|
|
|
|
34,277
|
|
34,277
|
|
Vested
|
|
(1,022,955
|
)
|
(13,653
|
)
|
(1,036,608
|
)
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2007
|
|
625,000
|
|
72,657
|
|
697,657
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
restricted common shares granted to the directors were valued using the fair market value at the time of grant, which was $24.65, $21.30 and $24.90 per share, for the restricted
common shares granted in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R), the Company is required to value any unvested restricted common shares granted to the Manager at the
current market price. The Company valued the unvested restricted common shares granted to the Manager at $14.05, $26.79 and $23.99 per share at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
There were $2.3 million, $15.7 million, and $40.6 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted common shares granted as of December 31,
2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
F-49
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 13. Share Options and Restricted Shares (Continued)
The
following table summarizes common share option transactions:
|
|
Number of Options
|
|
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
|
Outstanding as of December 31, 2004
|
|
1,989,779
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
Granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding as of December 31, 2005
|
|
1,989,779
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
Granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
(57,500
|
)
|
|
20.00
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding as of December 31, 2006
|
|
1,932,279
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
Granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding as of December 31, 2007
|
|
1,932,279
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
of December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, 1,932,279, 1,269,020, and 663,260 common share options were exercisable, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, the common share
options were fully vested and expire in August 2014. The common share options were valued using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions:
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
|
As of
December 31, 2005
|
|
Expected life
|
|
7.6 years
|
|
8.6 years
|
|
Discount rate
|
|
4.70
|
%
|
4.50
|
%
|
Volatility
|
|
18
|
%
|
20
|
%
|
Dividend yield
|
|
9
|
%
|
9
|
%
|
The
estimated fair value of the common share options was $2.54 and $1.90 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005,
the components of share-based compensation expense are as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2005
|
Options granted to Manager
|
|
$
|
246
|
|
$
|
833
|
|
$
|
2,155
|
Restricted shares granted to Manager
|
|
|
1,098
|
|
|
27,786
|
|
|
27,654
|
Restricted shares granted to certain directors
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
566
|
|
|
437
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total share-based compensation expense
|
|
$
|
1,915
|
|
$
|
29,185
|
|
$
|
30,246
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-50
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 14. Management Agreement and Related Party Transactions
The Manager manages the Company's day-to-day operations, subject to the direction and oversight of the Company's board of directors. The
Management Agreement expires on December 31 of each year, but is automatically renewed for a one-year term each December 31 unless terminated upon the affirmative vote of at
least two-thirds of the Company's independent directors, or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Company's outstanding common shares, based upon (1) unsatisfactory
performance by the Manager that is materially detrimental to the Company or (2) a determination that the management fee payable by the Manager is not fair, subject to the Manager's right to
prevent such a termination under this clause (2) by accepting a mutually acceptable reduction of management fees. The Manager must be provided
180 days prior notice of any such termination and will be paid a termination fee equal to four times the sum of the average annual base management fee and the average annual incentive fee for
the two 12-month periods immediately preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination.
The
Management Agreement contains certain provisions requiring the Company to indemnify the Manager with respect to all losses or damages arising from acts not constituting bad faith,
willful misconduct, or gross negligence. The Company has evaluated the impact of these guarantees on its consolidated financial statements and determined that they are not material.
For
the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company incurred $30.1 million in base management fees. In addition, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense
related to common share options and restricted common shares granted to the Manager of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 (see Note 13). The Company also reimbursed
the Manager $7.9 million for expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company incurred $28.9 million in base management
fees. In addition, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to common share options and restricted common shares granted to the Manager of $28.6 million for the year
ended December 31, 2006 (see Note 13). The Company also reimbursed the Manager $8.8 million for expenses for the year ended December 31, 2006. For the year ended
December 31, 2005, the Company incurred $21.0 million in base management fees. In addition, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to common share options and
restricted common shares granted to the Manager of $29.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 (see Note 13). The Company also reimbursed the Manager $4.9 million
for expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005. Base management fees incurred and share-based compensation expense relating to common share options and restricted common shares granted to
the Manager are included in related party management compensation on the consolidated statements of operations. Expenses incurred by the Manager and reimbursed by the Company are reflected in the
respective consolidated statements of operations, non-investment expense category based on the nature of the expense.
The
Manager is waiving base management fees related to the $230.4 million common share offering and $270.0 million common share rights offering that occurred during the
third quarter of 2007 until such time as the Company's common share closing price on the NYSE is $20.00 or more for five consecutive trading days. Accordingly, the Manager permanently waived
approximately $2.7 million of base management fees during the year ended December 31, 2007.
Incentive
fees of $17.5 million and $7.8 million were earned by the Manager during the years ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. No
incentive fees were earned or paid to the Manager during the year ended December 31, 2005.
F-51
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 14. Management Agreement and Related Party Transactions (Continued)
An
affiliate of the Company's Manager has entered into separate management agreements with the respective investment vehicles for CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2, CLO
2006-1, CLO 2007-1, and CLO 2007-A and is entitled to receive fees for the services performed as collateral manager. The collateral manager has permanently waived
fees of approximately $21.0 million, $4.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for the years ending December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. Beginning April 15, 2007,
the collateral manager ceased waiving fees for CLO 2005-1. The Company recorded an expense of $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The collateral manager
evaluates such waivers on a quarterly basis and there are no assurances that the collateral manager will waive such management fees subsequent to December 31, 2007.
Note 15. Income Taxes
The Company intends to continue to operate so as to qualify as a partnership, and not as an association or publicly traded partnership taxable as a U.S.
Corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, the Company generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax at the entity level, but is subject to limited state income tax.
Additionally,
the Company owns both REIT and domestic taxable corporate subsidiaries. While the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II are not expected to pay any federal, state, or foreign entity
level tax expense related to the 2007 tax year, the domestic taxable corporate subsidiaries, TRS Inc. and PEI VII, are taxed as regular subchapter C corporations under the Code and are
expected to incur a 2007 federal and state tax liability.
The
income tax provision for the Company, the REIT Subsidiary and TRS Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 consisted of the following components (amounts in
thousands):
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2005
|
Current provision:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FederalTRS Inc.
|
|
$
|
454
|
|
$
|
1,493
|
|
$
|
1,473
|
FederalKKR Financial Corp.
|
|
|
(336
|
)
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
352
|
StateTRS Inc.
|
|
|
125
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
242
|
StateKKR Financial
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ForeignKKR Financial Corp.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current provision
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
1,661
|
|
|
2,219
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred provision (benefit):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FederalTRS Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(599
|
)
|
|
788
|
StateTRS Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(98
|
)
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred provision (benefit)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(697
|
)
|
|
925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total provision for income taxes
|
|
$
|
256
|
|
$
|
964
|
|
$
|
3,144
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
above tax provision was based on TRS Inc.'s effective tax rate of 40.75% at December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005. It was equivalent to the combined rate of the federal
statutory income tax rate and the state statutory income tax rate, net of federal benefit. As of December 31, 2006, there was no
F-52
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 15. Income Taxes (Continued)
deferred
tax liability and deferred tax assets were immaterial. There was no deferred tax asset or liability as of December 31, 2007.
For
federal income tax purposes, the distributions declared and paid by KKR Financial Corp. during February 2007 on the Company's common stock was 48% taxable as dividend income at
ordinary rates and 52% is considered a non-taxable return of capital distribution. The 2006 distributions on the Company's common stock were 100% taxable as divided income at ordinary
rates. No portion of the taxable dividends were eligible for the 15% dividend tax rate or the corporate dividends received deduction.
Note 16. Leasehold Improvements and Equipment
The following is a summary of the Company's leasehold improvements and equipment, which are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets at
December 31, 2007 and 2006 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
$
|
6,407
|
|
$
|
6,373
|
|
Furniture and equipment
|
|
|
2,197
|
|
|
1,986
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,604
|
|
|
8,359
|
|
Accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(1,989
|
)
|
|
(796
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total property and equipment, net
|
|
$
|
6,615
|
|
$
|
7,563
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization expense was $0.8 million, $0.8 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
Note 17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
SFAS No. 107,
Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments
, requires disclosure of the fair value
of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The fair value of securities available-for-sale, loans, derivatives, and loan commitments is based
on quoted market prices or estimates provided by independent pricing sources. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, interest payable, repurchase agreements, collateralized loan obligation
senior secured notes, secured revolving credit facility, secured demand loan and interest payable, approximates cost as of December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, due to the
short-term nature of these instruments.
F-53
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)
The
table below discloses the carrying value and the fair value of the Company's financial instruments (excluding financial instruments in discontinued operationssee
Note 3) as of December 31, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Carrying Amount
|
|
Estimated Fair Value
|
Financial Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
1,587,608
|
|
$
|
1,587,608
|
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
1,359,541
|
|
|
1,359,541
|
|
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $25,000
|
|
|
8,634,208
|
|
|
8,363,596
|
|
Non-marketable equity securities
|
|
|
20,084
|
|
|
20,084
|
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
|
147,597
|
|
|
147,597
|
|
Derivative assets
|
|
|
18,737
|
|
|
18,737
|
Financial Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
5,948,610
|
|
|
5,575,530
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
156,669
|
|
|
156,669
|
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
258,000
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
329,908
|
|
|
263,926
|
|
Interest payable
|
|
|
103,557
|
|
|
103,557
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
|
46,754
|
|
|
46,754
|
The
table below discloses the carrying value and the fair value of the Company's financial instruments as of December 31, 2006 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Carrying Amount
|
|
Estimated Fair Value
|
Financial Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
143,117
|
|
$
|
143,117
|
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
964,440
|
|
|
964,440
|
|
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $0
|
|
|
3,334,260
|
|
|
3,355,526
|
|
Non-marketable equity securities
|
|
|
166,323
|
|
|
166,323
|
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
|
55,472
|
|
|
55,472
|
|
Derivative assets
|
|
|
2,817
|
|
|
2,817
|
Financial Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
1,087,662
|
|
$
|
1,087,662
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
2,252,500
|
|
|
2,252,500
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
34,710
|
|
|
34,710
|
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
41,658
|
|
|
41,658
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
257,743
|
|
|
257,743
|
|
Interest payable
|
|
|
48,066
|
|
|
48,066
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
|
2,715
|
|
|
2,715
|
F-54
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)
Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents information about the Company's assets and liabilities (including derivatives that are presented net) measured at fair value on a
recurring basis as of December 31, 2007,
and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2007
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
$
|
47,777
|
|
$
|
1,212,266
|
|
$
|
99,498
|
|
$
|
1,359,541
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
(28,819
|
)
|
|
802
|
|
|
(28,017
|
)
|
Securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
|
(32,704
|
)
|
|
(67,690
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(100,394
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
(32,704
|
)
|
$
|
(96,509
|
)
|
$
|
802
|
|
$
|
(128,411
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following table presents additional information about assets, including derivatives that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized
level 3 inputs to determine fair value, for the year ended December 31, 2007 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
|
Securities
Available-For-Sale
|
|
Derivatives,
net
|
Beginning balance as of December 31, 2006
|
|
$
|
104,498
|
|
$
|
|
Total gains or losses (realized and unrealized):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in earnings
|
|
|
|
|
|
802
|
Included in other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
(1,576
|
)
|
|
|
Net transfers into level 3
|
|
|
44,074
|
|
|
|
Purchases, sales, other settlements and issuances, net
|
|
|
(47,498
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending balance as of December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
99,498
|
|
$
|
802
|
|
|
|
|
|
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
802
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-55
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)
Gains
and losses (realized and unrealized) included in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2007 are reported in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives and
foreign exchange, and net realized and unrealized gain on investments within other income in consolidated statements of operations as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives and foreign exchange
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments
|
Total gains or losses included in earnings
|
|
$
|
802
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
of December 31, 2007, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
F-56
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
The following tables, presented pursuant to SEC Regulations S-X Rule 3-10(e), represent the condensed consolidating financial statements of the Company,
which was the issuer of the Notes; the REIT Subsidiary which was a guarantor of the Notes; and the Company's other subsidiaries, which were not guarantors of the Notes as of December 31, 2007
and 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. As of December 31, 2007, the REIT Subsidiary, 100% owned by the Company, fully and unconditionally guaranteed the
Notes. As described above in Note 1, the Company is considered the REIT Subsidiary's successor for accounting purposes, and the REIT Subsidiary's consolidated financial statements for prior
periods are the Company's historical consolidated financial statements presented herein. Because the REIT Subsidiary was the Company's reporting entity prior to the consummation of
the Restructuring Transaction, the financial statements as of December 31, 2007 and for the year ended December 31, 2007 include separately stated balances for KKR Financial, the parent
of the REIT Subsidiary. For comparative purposes, prior period financial statements of KKR Financial Corp. are presented to reflect the financial statements of the Company's residential mortgage
investment operations, which are currently reported as discontinued operations by the Company.
F-57
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Consolidating Balance Sheet
December 31, 2007
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
KKR Financial
Corp.
(Guarantor)
|
|
KKR Financial
(Issuer)
|
|
Other
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
|
|
Eliminations
|
|
Consolidated
KKR Financial
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
506,598
|
|
$
|
17,482
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
524,080
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
|
|
|
183,505
|
|
|
880,023
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,063,528
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,359,541
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,359,541
|
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,634,208
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,634,208
|
Derivative assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,737
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,737
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
|
|
|
|
419
|
|
|
147,178
|
|
|
|
|
|
147,597
|
Non-marketable equity securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,690
|
|
|
14,394
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,084
|
Reverse repurchase agreements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
69,840
|
|
|
|
|
|
69,840
|
Investment in consolidated affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,277,190
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,277,190
|
)
|
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
38,615
|
|
|
87,467
|
|
|
(46,778
|
)
|
|
79,304
|
Assets of discontinued operations(1)
|
|
|
3,519,860
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,609,246
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,129,106
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
3,519,860
|
|
$
|
3,012,017
|
|
$
|
14,838,116
|
|
$
|
(2,323,968
|
)
|
$
|
19,046,025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
544,512
|
|
$
|
2,095,448
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
2,639,960
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,948,610
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,948,610
|
Collateralized loan obligation junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
525,420
|
|
|
|
|
|
525,420
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
56,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
156,669
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,151
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,151
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
329,908
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
329,908
|
Subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
152,574
|
|
|
|
|
|
152,574
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
64,858
|
|
|
|
|
|
(57,468
|
)
|
|
7,390
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,550
|
|
|
84,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
103,557
|
Accrued interest payable to affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,121
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,121
|
Related party payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,650
|
|
|
1,044
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,694
|
Securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,394
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,394
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,754
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,754
|
Liabilities of discontinued operations(1)
|
|
|
3,519,860
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,492,424
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,012,284
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
3,519,860
|
|
|
1,367,478
|
|
|
12,571,616
|
|
|
(57,468
|
)
|
|
17,401,486
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders' Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders' equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,644,539
|
|
|
2,266,500
|
|
|
(2,266,500
|
)
|
|
1,644,539
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
|
|
$
|
3,519,860
|
|
$
|
3,012,017
|
|
$
|
14,838,116
|
|
$
|
(2,323,968
|
)
|
$
|
19,046,025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
As
KKR Financial Corp. is presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes, components of its assets and liabilities are separately shown below.
F-58
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Consolidating Balance Sheet
December 31, 2006
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
KKR Financial
Corp.
(Guarantor)
|
|
Other
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
|
|
Consolidated
KKR Financial
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
5,125
|
|
$
|
5,125
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
|
|
|
137,992
|
|
|
137,992
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
964,440
|
|
|
964,440
|
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,334,260
|
|
|
3,334,260
|
Derivative assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,817
|
|
|
2,817
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
|
|
|
|
55,472
|
|
|
55,472
|
Receivable for securities sold
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,358
|
|
|
1,358
|
Non-marketable equity securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
166,323
|
|
|
166,323
|
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
104,035
|
|
|
104,035
|
Other assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,286
|
|
|
50,286
|
Assets of discontinued operations(1)
|
|
|
12,743,069
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,743,069
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
12,743,069
|
|
$
|
4,822,108
|
|
$
|
17,565,177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
1,087,662
|
|
$
|
1,087,662
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,252,500
|
|
|
2,252,500
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
|
|
|
|
34,710
|
|
|
34,710
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
|
|
|
41,658
|
|
|
41,658
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
257,743
|
|
|
257,743
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,113
|
|
|
19,113
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
48,066
|
|
|
48,066
|
Related party payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,901
|
|
|
6,901
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,715
|
|
|
2,715
|
Liabilities of discontinued operations(1)
|
|
|
12,090,678
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,090,678
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
12,090,678
|
|
|
3,751,068
|
|
|
15,841,746
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders' Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders' equity
|
|
|
652,391
|
|
|
1,071,040
|
|
|
1,723,431
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
|
|
$
|
12,743,069
|
|
$
|
4,822,108
|
|
$
|
17,565,177
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
As
KKR Financial Corp. is presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes, components of its assets and liabilities are separately shown below.
F-59
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Financial
information for assets and liabilities of KKR Financial Corp. is as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted cash
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
73
|
Investments in securities and loans(1)
|
|
|
3,514,288
|
|
|
12,643,957
|
Derivative assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
60,616
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
|
3,213
|
|
|
33,117
|
Other assets
|
|
|
2,359
|
|
|
5,306
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets of discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
3,519,860
|
|
$
|
12,743,069
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
December 31, 2007
|
|
As of
December 31, 2006
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
3,369,427
|
Asset-backed secured liquidity notes, at fair value
|
|
|
3,519,860
|
|
|
|
Asset-backed secured liquidity notes, at par value
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,705,601
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,650
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities of discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
3,519,860
|
|
$
|
12,090,678
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
Loans
are carried at fair value as of December 31, 2007 and at amortized cost as of December 31, 2006.
F-60
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Consolidating Statement of Operations
December 31, 2007
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
KKR Financial
Corp.
(Guarantor)
|
|
KKR Financial
(Issuer)
|
|
Other
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
|
|
Consolidated
KKR Financial
|
|
Net investment income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan interest income
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
461,055
|
|
$
|
461,055
|
|
Securities interest income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
117,553
|
|
|
117,553
|
|
Dividend income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,825
|
|
|
3,825
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,093
|
|
|
25,612
|
|
|
37,705
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,093
|
|
|
608,045
|
|
|
620,138
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,192
|
|
|
(384,221
|
)
|
|
(366,029
|
)
|
Interest expense to affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,480
|
|
|
(97,419
|
)
|
|
(60,939
|
)
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,000
|
)
|
|
(25,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
66,765
|
|
|
101,405
|
|
|
168,170
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98,200
|
|
|
98,200
|
|
Net realized and unrealized loss on derivatives and foreign exchange
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(991
|
)
|
|
(991
|
)
|
Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
9,621
|
|
|
10,107
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
106,830
|
|
|
107,316
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-investment expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,031
|
|
|
43,504
|
|
|
52,535
|
|
General, administrative and directors expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,483
|
|
|
1,811
|
|
|
18,294
|
|
Professional services
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,987
|
|
|
719
|
|
|
4,706
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,501
|
|
|
46,034
|
|
|
75,535
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate and income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
|
|
|
37,750
|
|
|
162,201
|
|
|
199,951
|
|
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,562
|
|
|
10,144
|
|
|
12,706
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,312
|
|
|
172,345
|
|
|
212,657
|
|
Income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(323
|
)
|
|
579
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,635
|
|
|
171,766
|
|
|
212,401
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations(1)
|
|
|
(312,606
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(312,606
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(312,606
|
)
|
$
|
40,635
|
|
$
|
171,766
|
|
$
|
(100,205
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
As
KKR Financial Corp. is presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes, summarized components of loss from discontinued operations are shown below.
F-61
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Consolidating Statement of Operations
December 31, 2006
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
KKR Financial
Corp.
(Guarantor)
|
|
Other
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
|
|
Consolidated
KKR Financial
|
|
Net investment income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan interest income
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
230,583
|
|
$
|
230,583
|
|
Securities interest income
|
|
|
|
|
|
76,088
|
|
|
76,088
|
|
Dividend income
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,656
|
|
|
3,656
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,846
|
|
|
7,846
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
318,173
|
|
|
318,173
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
(177,829
|
)
|
|
(177,829
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
140,344
|
|
|
140,344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,639
|
|
|
10,639
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives and foreign exchange
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,445
|
|
|
4,445
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,669
|
|
|
5,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,753
|
|
|
20,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-investment expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
65,298
|
|
|
65,298
|
|
General, administrative and directors expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,892
|
|
|
12,892
|
|
Professional services
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,903
|
|
|
4,903
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
83,093
|
|
|
83,093
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate and income tax expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
78,004
|
|
|
78,004
|
|
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,722
|
|
|
5,722
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
83,726
|
|
|
83,726
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
964
|
|
|
964
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
82,762
|
|
|
82,762
|
|
Income from discontinued operations(1)
|
|
|
52,570
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,570
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
52,570
|
|
$
|
82,762
|
|
$
|
135,332
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
As
KKR Financial Corp. is presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes, summarized components of income from discontinued operations are shown below.
F-62
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Consolidating Statement of Operations
December 31, 2005
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
KKR Financial
Corp.
(Guarantor)
|
|
Other
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
|
|
Consolidated
KKR Financial
|
|
Net investment income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan interest income
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
94,843
|
|
$
|
94,843
|
|
Securities interest income
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,155
|
|
|
20,155
|
|
Dividend income
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,421
|
|
|
3,421
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,335
|
|
|
3,335
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
121,754
|
|
|
121,754
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
(51,487
|
)
|
|
(51,487
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
70,267
|
|
|
70,267
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,117
|
|
|
4,117
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives and foreign exchange
|
|
|
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
113
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,330
|
|
|
3,330
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,560
|
|
|
7,560
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-investment expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,791
|
|
|
50,791
|
|
General, administrative and directors expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,991
|
|
|
7,991
|
|
Professional services
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,121
|
|
|
4,121
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
62,903
|
|
|
62,903
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,924
|
|
|
14,924
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,144
|
|
|
3,144
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,780
|
|
|
11,780
|
|
Income from discontinued operations(1)
|
|
|
43,301
|
|
|
|
|
|
43,301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
43,301
|
|
$
|
11,780
|
|
$
|
55,081
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
(1)
-
As
KKR Financial Corp. is presented as discontinued operations for financial statement purposes, summarized components of income from discontinued operations are shown below.
The
components of (loss) income from discontinued operations are as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2007
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2006
|
|
Year ended
December 31, 2005
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
47,861
|
|
$
|
68,013
|
|
$
|
48,444
|
|
Total other loss
|
|
|
(213,408
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-investment expenses
|
|
|
(147,059
|
)
|
|
(15,443
|
)
|
|
(5,143
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(312,606
|
)
|
$
|
52,570
|
|
$
|
43,301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-63
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
December 31, 2007
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
KKR Financial
Corp.
(Guarantor)
|
|
KKR Financial
(Issuer)
|
|
Other
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
|
|
Consolidated
KKR Financial
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
$
|
(191,310
|
)
|
$
|
717,051
|
|
$
|
(416,370
|
)
|
$
|
109,371
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal payments from investments
|
|
|
2,338,067
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,195,690
|
|
|
3,533,757
|
|
Proceeds from sale of investments
|
|
|
1,720,127
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,036,292
|
|
|
3,756,419
|
|
Purchases of investments
|
|
|
(17,479
|
)
|
|
(5,690
|
)
|
|
(6,548,657
|
)
|
|
(6,571,826
|
)
|
Net proceeds, purchases, and settlements of derivatives
|
|
|
70,525
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38,406
|
)
|
|
32,119
|
|
Net change in reverse repurchase agreements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(69,840
|
)
|
|
(69,840
|
)
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents acquired due to consolidation of KKR Financial CLO 2007-1, Ltd.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57,104
|
|
|
57,104
|
|
Net additions to restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(4,549
|
)
|
|
(183,505
|
)
|
|
(742,031
|
)
|
|
(930,085
|
)
|
Additions of leasehold improvements and equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(244
|
)
|
|
(244
|
)
|
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(60,327
|
)
|
|
(60,327
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
4,106,691
|
|
|
(189,195
|
)
|
|
(4,170,419
|
)
|
|
(252,923
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from common share offerings and common share option exercises
|
|
|
|
|
|
494,106
|
|
|
|
|
|
494,106
|
|
Net change in repurchase agreements, secured revolving credit facility, and secured demand loan
|
|
|
(3,190,966
|
)
|
|
644,512
|
|
|
(916,039
|
)
|
|
(3,462,493
|
)
|
Net change in asset-backed secured liquidity notes
|
|
|
(3,893,768
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,893,768
|
)
|
Proceeds from issuance of mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
3,414,926
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,414,926
|
|
Repayment of mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
(245,573
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(245,573
|
)
|
Issuance of collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
(216,190
|
)
|
|
3,912,300
|
|
|
3,696,110
|
|
Issuance of collateralized loan obligation junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,350,879
|
)
|
|
1,707,110
|
|
|
356,231
|
|
Issuance of convertible senior notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
Issuance of junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
329,908
|
|
|
(259,908
|
)
|
|
70,000
|
|
Issuance of subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
(31,500
|
)
|
|
184,074
|
|
|
152,574
|
|
Distributions on common shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
(191,215
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(191,215
|
)
|
Other capitalized costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(28,391
|
)
|
|
(28,391
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
|
|
|
(3,915,381
|
)
|
|
(21,258
|
)
|
|
4,599,146
|
|
|
662,507
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
|
|
|
506,598
|
|
|
12,357
|
|
|
518,955
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,125
|
|
|
5,125
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
506,598
|
|
$
|
17,482
|
|
$
|
524,080
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-64
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
December 31, 2006
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
KKR Financial
Corp.
(Guarantor)
|
|
Other
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
|
|
Consolidated
KKR Financial
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
(142,781
|
)
|
$
|
278,188
|
|
$
|
135,407
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal payments from investments
|
|
|
3,567,617
|
|
|
1,045,372
|
|
|
4,612,989
|
|
Proceeds from sale of investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,352,953
|
|
|
1,352,953
|
|
Purchases of investments
|
|
|
(4,445,565
|
)
|
|
(3,723,104
|
)
|
|
(8,168,669
|
)
|
Net proceeds, purchases, and settlements of derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,118
|
|
|
5,118
|
|
Net additions to restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
1,011
|
|
|
(58,853
|
)
|
|
(57,842
|
)
|
Additions of leasehold improvements and equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6,726
|
)
|
|
(6,726
|
)
|
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
(90,415
|
)
|
|
(90,415
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(876,937
|
)
|
|
(1,475,655
|
)
|
|
(2,352,592
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from common share offerings and common share option exercises
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
Net change in repurchase agreements, secured revolving credit facility, and secured demand loan
|
|
|
(5,676,484
|
)
|
|
354,172
|
|
|
(5,322,312
|
)
|
Net change in asset-backed secured liquidity notes
|
|
|
6,711,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,711,638
|
|
Issuance of collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
752,500
|
|
|
752,500
|
|
Issuance of junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
Distributions on common shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
(149,558
|
)
|
|
(149,558
|
)
|
Other capitalized costs
|
|
|
(15,436
|
)
|
|
(21,782
|
)
|
|
(37,218
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
1,019,718
|
|
|
1,186,482
|
|
|
2,206,200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10,985
|
)
|
|
(10,985
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,110
|
|
|
16,110
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
5,125
|
|
$
|
5,125
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-65
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
December 31, 2005
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
KKR Financial
Corp.
(Guarantor)
|
|
Other
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
|
|
Consolidated
KKR Financial
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
$
|
397,039
|
|
$
|
(301,972
|
)
|
$
|
95,067
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal payments from investments
|
|
|
1,604,319
|
|
|
803,219
|
|
|
2,407,538
|
|
Proceeds from sale of investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
588,294
|
|
|
588,294
|
|
Purchases of investments
|
|
|
(11,553,441
|
)
|
|
(3,997,680
|
)
|
|
(15,551,121
|
)
|
Net proceeds, purchases, and settlements of derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,477
|
)
|
|
(1,477
|
)
|
Net additions to restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(1,084
|
)
|
|
(77,818
|
)
|
|
(78,902
|
)
|
Additions of leasehold improvements and equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,716
|
)
|
|
(1,716
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(9,950,206
|
)
|
|
(2,687,178
|
)
|
|
(12,637,384
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from common share offerings and common share option exercises
|
|
|
|
|
|
848,817
|
|
|
848,817
|
|
Net change in repurchase agreements, secured revolving credit facility, and secured demand loan
|
|
|
7,552,077
|
|
|
717,543
|
|
|
8,269,620
|
|
Net change in asset-backed secured liquidity notes
|
|
|
2,003,501
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,003,501
|
|
Issuance of collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
|
Purchases of interest rate derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10,072
|
)
|
|
(10,072
|
)
|
Distributions on common shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
(52,370
|
)
|
|
(52,370
|
)
|
Other capitalized costs
|
|
|
(2,411
|
)
|
|
(5,877
|
)
|
|
(8,288
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
9,553,167
|
|
|
2,998,041
|
|
|
12,551,208
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,891
|
|
|
8,891
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,219
|
|
|
7,219
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
16,110
|
|
$
|
16,110
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-66
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Continued)
Note 19. Summary of Quarterly Information (Unaudited)
The following is a presentation of the quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006. Amounts have
been adjusted to summarize the impact of the Company's plan to exit its residential mortgage investment operations, and to sell the REIT Subsidiary and KFH II, currently presented as
discontinued operations.
|
|
2007
|
|
(amounts in thousands, except per share information)
|
|
Fourth
Quarter
|
|
Third
Quarter
|
|
Second
Quarter
|
|
First
Quarter
|
|
Net investment income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
$
|
234,020
|
|
$
|
179,361
|
|
$
|
116,560
|
|
$
|
90,197
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(133,881
|
)
|
|
(107,027
|
)
|
|
(70,839
|
)
|
|
(54,282
|
)
|
Interest expense to affiliates
|
|
|
(31,535
|
)
|
|
(21,148
|
)
|
|
(8,256
|
)
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
68,604
|
|
|
26,186
|
|
|
37,465
|
|
|
35,915
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
|
12,432
|
|
|
42,338
|
|
|
36,335
|
|
|
16,211
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-investment expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
13,197
|
|
|
4,925
|
|
|
15,115
|
|
|
19,298
|
|
General, administrative and directors expenses
|
|
|
4,200
|
|
|
3,842
|
|
|
3,989
|
|
|
6,263
|
|
Professional services
|
|
|
1,211
|
|
|
2,195
|
|
|
759
|
|
|
541
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
|
18,608
|
|
|
10,962
|
|
|
19,863
|
|
|
26,102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate and income tax (benefit) expense
|
|
|
62,428
|
|
|
57,562
|
|
|
53,937
|
|
|
26,024
|
|
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,725
|
|
|
6,981
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense
|
|
|
62,428
|
|
|
57,562
|
|
|
59,662
|
|
|
33,005
|
|
Income tax (benefit) expense
|
|
|
(989
|
)
|
|
386
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
776
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
63,417
|
|
|
57,176
|
|
|
59,579
|
|
|
32,229
|
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(3,510
|
)
|
|
(318,683
|
)
|
|
(6,608
|
)
|
|
16,195
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
59,907
|
|
$
|
(261,507
|
)
|
$
|
52,971
|
|
$
|
48,424
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
0.55
|
|
$
|
0.65
|
|
$
|
0.74
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
|
(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
$
|
(3.64
|
)
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.52
|
|
$
|
(2.99
|
)
|
$
|
0.66
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
Diluted(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
0.55
|
|
$
|
0.65
|
|
$
|
0.73
|
|
$
|
0.39
|
|
|
(Loss) income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
$
|
(3.63
|
)
|
$
|
(0.08
|
)
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.52
|
|
$
|
(2.98
|
)
|
$
|
0.65
|
|
$
|
0.59
|
|
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
114,466
|
|
|
87,443
|
|
|
80,241
|
|
|
80,239
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
114,813
|
|
|
87,696
|
|
|
81,933
|
|
|
81,728
|
|
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
$
|
0.56
|
|
$
|
0.56
|
|
$
|
0.54
|
|
-
(1)
-
Summation
of the quarters' earnings per share may not equal the annual amounts due to the averaging effect of the number of shares and share equivalents throughout the year.
F-67
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 19. Summary of Quarterly Information (Unaudited) (Continued)
|
|
2006
|
|
(amounts in thousands, except per share information)
|
|
Fourth
Quarter
|
|
Third
Quarter
|
|
Second
Quarter
|
|
First
Quarter
|
|
Net investment income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
$
|
89,928
|
|
$
|
92,608
|
|
$
|
72,534
|
|
$
|
63,103
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(54,511
|
)
|
|
(53,558
|
)
|
|
(42,444
|
)
|
|
(27,316
|
)
|
Interest expense to affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
35,417
|
|
|
39,050
|
|
|
30,090
|
|
|
35,787
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income
|
|
|
9,223
|
|
|
5,408
|
|
|
4,468
|
|
|
1,654
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-investment expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
|
17,322
|
|
|
19,759
|
|
|
13,604
|
|
|
14,613
|
|
General, administrative and directors expenses
|
|
|
4,228
|
|
|
3,304
|
|
|
2,815
|
|
|
2,545
|
|
Professional services
|
|
|
2,317
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
947
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
|
23,867
|
|
|
24,158
|
|
|
16,963
|
|
|
18,105
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate and income tax expense
|
|
|
20,773
|
|
|
20,300
|
|
|
17,595
|
|
|
19,336
|
|
Equity in income of unconsolidated affiliate
|
|
|
4,808
|
|
|
914
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense
|
|
|
25,581
|
|
|
21,214
|
|
|
17,595
|
|
|
19,336
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
453
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
312
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
25,501
|
|
|
20,761
|
|
|
17,476
|
|
|
19,024
|
|
Income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
11,896
|
|
|
11,855
|
|
|
17,455
|
|
|
11,364
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
37,397
|
|
$
|
32,616
|
|
$
|
34,931
|
|
$
|
30,388
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
0.32
|
|
$
|
0.26
|
|
$
|
0.22
|
|
$
|
0.24
|
|
|
Income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
$
|
0.22
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$
|
0.47
|
|
$
|
0.41
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
0.32
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.22
|
|
$
|
0.24
|
|
|
Income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
$
|
0.21
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$
|
0.47
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
$
|
0.43
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
80,255
|
|
|
79,298
|
|
|
79,126
|
|
|
79,126
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
81,721
|
|
|
81,043
|
|
|
80,861
|
|
|
80,765
|
|
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$
|
0.52
|
|
$
|
0.49
|
|
$
|
0.45
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
Note 20. Subsequent Events
On February 1, 2008, the Company's board of directors declared a cash distribution for the quarter ended December 31, 2007 on the Company's common
shares of $0.50 per share. The distribution is payable on February 29, 2008 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 15, 2008.
Refer
to Note 3 for discussion on the Amendment Agreement, dated February 15, 2008, with the holders of the SLNs.
F-68
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 20. Subsequent Events (Continued)
On
February 19, 2008, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors granted the Manager, for further distribution to employees of the Manager who have no ownership interest
in the Manager, 1,097,000 restricted common shares that vest on February 19, 2011.
F-69
QuickLinks
PART I
PART II
PART III
PART IV
Consolidating Balance Sheet December 31, 2007 (Amounts in thousands)
Consolidating Balance Sheet December 31, 2006 (Amounts in thousands)
Consolidating Statement of Operations December 31, 2007 (Amounts in thousands)
Consolidating Statement of Operations December 31, 2006 (Amounts in thousands)
Consolidating Statement of Operations December 31, 2005 (Amounts in thousands)
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows December 31, 2007 (Amounts in thousands)
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows December 31, 2006 (Amounts in thousands)
Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows December 31, 2005 (Amounts in thousands)
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