ITEM
7. MANAGEMENT'S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND
RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
Critical
Accounting
Policies
Allowance
for Loan
Losses
Our
allowance for loan losses is established and maintained through a provision
for
loan losses based on our evaluation of the probable inherent losses in our
loan
portfolio. We evaluate the adequacy of our allowance on a quarterly
basis. The allowance is comprised of both specific valuation
allowances and general valuation allowances.
Specific
valuation allowances are established in connection with individual loan reviews
and the asset classification process including the procedures for impairment
recognition under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No.
114,
“Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan, an Amendment of FASB
Statements No. 5 and 15,” and SFAS No. 118, “Accounting by Creditors for
Impairment of a Loan - Income Recognition and Disclosures, an Amendment of
FASB
Statement No. 114.” Such evaluation, which includes a review of loans
on which full collectibility is not reasonably assured, considers the estimated
fair value of the underlying collateral, if any, current and anticipated
economic and regulatory conditions, current and historical loss experience
of
similar loans and other factors that determine risk exposure to arrive at an
adequate loan loss allowance.
Loan
reviews are completed quarterly for all loans individually classified by the
Asset Classification Committee. Individual loan reviews are generally
completed annually for multi-family, commercial real estate and construction
loans in excess of $2.5 million, commercial business loans in excess of
$200,000, one-to-four family loans in excess of $1.0 million and debt
restructurings. In addition, we generally review annually at least
fifty percent of the outstanding balances of multi-family, commercial real
estate and construction loans to single borrowers with concentrations in excess
of $2.5 million.
The
primary considerations in establishing specific valuation allowances are the
current estimated value of a loan’s underlying collateral and the loan’s payment
history. We update our estimates of collateral value when loans are
individually classified by our Asset Classification Committee as either
substandard or doubtful, as well as for special mention and watch list loans
in
excess of $2.5 million and certain other loans when the Asset Classification
Committee believes repayment of such loans may be dependent on the value of
the
underlying collateral. Updated estimates of collateral value are
obtained through appraisals, where possible. In instances where we
have not taken possession of the property or do not otherwise have access to
the
premises and therefore cannot obtain a complete appraisal, an estimate of the
value of the property is obtained based primarily on a drive-by inspection
and a
comparison of the property securing the loan with similar properties in the
area, by either a licensed appraiser or real estate broker for one-to-four
family properties, or by our internal Asset Review personnel for multi-family
and commercial real estate properties. In such cases, an internal
cash flow analysis may also be performed. Other current and
anticipated economic conditions on which our specific valuation allowances
rely
are the impact that national and/or local economic and business conditions
may
have on borrowers, the impact that local real estate markets may have on
collateral values and the level and direction of interest rates and their
combined effect on real estate values and the ability of borrowers to service
debt. For multi-family and commercial real estate loans, additional
factors specific to a borrower or the underlying collateral are
considered. These factors include, but are not limited to, the
composition of tenancy, occupancy levels for the property, cash flow estimates
and the existence of personal guarantees. We also review all
regulatory notices, bulletins and memoranda with the purpose of identifying
upcoming changes in regulatory conditions which may impact our calculation
of
specific valuation allowances. The OTS periodically reviews our
reserve methodology during regulatory examinations and any comments regarding
changes to reserves or loan classifications are considered by management in
determining valuation allowances.
Pursuant
to our policy, loan losses are charged-off in the period the loans, or portions
thereof, are deemed uncollectible. The determination of the loans on
which full collectibility is not reasonably assured, the estimates of the fair
value of the underlying collateral and the assessments of economic and
regulatory conditions are subject to assumptions and judgments by
management. Specific valuation allowances could differ materially as
a result of changes in these assumptions and judgments.
General
valuation allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to
recognize the inherent risks associated with our lending activities, but which,
unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular
loans. The determination of the adequacy of the general valuation
allowances takes into consideration a variety of factors. We segment
our loan portfolio into like categories by composition and size and perform
analyses against each category. These include historical loss
experience and delinquency levels and trends. We analyze our
historical loan loss experience by category (loan type) over 3, 5, 10 and
12-year periods. Losses within each loan category are stress tested
by applying the highest level of charge-offs and the lowest amount of recoveries
as a percentage of the average portfolio balance during those respective time
horizons. The resulting range of allowance percentages are used as an
integral part of our judgment in developing estimated loss percentages to apply
to the portfolio. We also consider the size, composition, risk
profile, delinquency levels and cure rates of our portfolio as well as our
credit administration and asset management philosophies and
procedures. We monitor property value trends in our market areas by
reference to various industry and market reports, economic releases and surveys,
and our general and specific knowledge of the real estate markets in which
we
lend, in order to determine what impact, if any, such trends should have on
the
level of our general valuation allowances. In determining our
allowance coverage percentages for non-performing loans, we consider our
historical loss experience with respect to the ultimate disposition of the
underlying collateral. In addition, we evaluate and consider the
impact that existing and projected economic and market conditions may have
on
the portfolio, as well as known and inherent risks in the
portfolio. We also evaluate and consider the allowance ratios and
coverage percentages set forth in both peer group and regulatory agency data
and
any comments from the OTS resulting from their review of our general valuation
allowance methodology during regulatory examinations. Our focus,
however, is primarily on our historical loss experience and the impact of
current economic conditions. After evaluating these variables, we
determine appropriate allowance coverage percentages for each of our portfolio
segments and the appropriate level of our allowance for loan
losses. Our allowance coverage percentages are used to estimate the
amount of probable losses inherent in our loan portfolio in determining our
general valuation allowances. Our evaluations of general valuation
allowances are inherently subjective because, even though they are based on
objective data, it is management’s interpretation of that data that determines
the amount of the appropriate allowance. Therefore, we annually
review the actual performance and charge-off history of our portfolio and
compare that to our previously determined allowance coverage percentages and
specific valuation allowances. In doing so, we evaluate the impact
the previously mentioned variables may have had on the portfolio to determine
which changes, if any, should be made to our assumptions and
analyses.
Our
loss
experience in 2006 has been consistent with our experience over the past several
years. Our 2006 analyses did not result in any change in our
methodology for determining our general and specific valuation allowances or
our
emphasis on the factors that we consider in establishing such
allowances. Accordingly, such analyses did not indicate that changes
in our allowance coverage percentages were required. The balance of
our allowance for loan losses represents management’s best estimate of the
probable inherent losses in our loan portfolio at December 31, 2006 and
2005.
Actual
results could differ from our estimates as a result of changes in economic
or
market conditions. Changes in estimates could result in a material
change in the allowance for loan losses. While we believe that the
allowance for loan losses has been established and maintained at levels that
reflect the risks inherent in our loan portfolio, future adjustments may be
necessary if portfolio performance or economic or market conditions differ
substantially from the conditions that existed at the time of the initial
determinations.
For
additional information regarding our allowance for loan losses, see “Provision
for Loan Losses” and “Asset Quality.”
Comparison
of Financial Condition and
Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2006 and
2005
Results
of
Operations
Provision
for Loan
Losses
During
the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, no provision for loan losses was
recorded. The allowance for loan losses totaled $79.9 million at
December 31, 2006 and $81.2 million at December 31, 2005. The balance
of our allowance for loan losses represents management’s best estimate of the
probable inherent losses in our loan portfolio at December 31, 2006 and
2005. We believe our allowance for loan losses has been established
and maintained at levels that reflect the risks inherent in our loan portfolio,
giving consideration to the composition and size of our loan portfolio, our
charge-off experience and our non-accrual and non-performing loans.
The
composition of our loan portfolio has remained consistent over the last several
years. At December 31, 2006, our loan portfolio was comprised of 69%
one-to-four family mortgage loans, 20% multi-family mortgage loans, 7%
commercial real estate loans and 4% other loan categories. Our
non-performing loans continue to remain at low levels relative to the size
of
our loan portfolio. Our non-performing loans, which are comprised
primarily of mortgage loans, decreased $5.6 million to $59.4 million, or 0.40%
of total loans, at December 31, 2006, from $65.0 million, or 0.45% of total
loans, at December 31, 2005. This decrease was primarily due to a
reduction in non-performing multi-family mortgage loans, partially offset by
an
increase in non-performing one-to-four family mortgage loans. During
the 2006 third quarter, we sold $10.1 million of non-performing loans, primarily
multi-family and one-to-four family mortgage loans. For further
discussion of the sale of these loans, including the impact the sale may have
had on our non-performing loans, non-performing assets and related ratios at
December 31, 2006, see “Asset Quality.”
We
review
our allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis. Material factors
considered during our quarterly review are our historical loss experience and
the impact of current economic conditions. Our net charge-off experience was
consistent with that of the prior year and was one basis point of average loans
outstanding for each of the years ended December 31, 2006 and
2005. Net loan charge-offs totaled $1.2 million for the year ended
December 31, 2006, compared to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31,
2005. Included in the net loan charge-offs for the year ended
December 31, 2006 was a single multi-family loan charge-off totaling
$947,000. Included in net loan charge-offs for the year ended
December 31, 2005 was a single commercial real estate loan charge-off totaling
$650,000. In reviewing our charge-off experience for the years ended
December 31, 2006 and 2005, we determined that the single events noted above
represented unique loans and/or circumstances and were not indicative of a
trend
of increased charge-offs. Our loan-to-value ratios upon origination are low
overall, have been consistent over the past several years and provide some
level
of protection in the event of default should property values
decline. The average loan-to-value ratios, based on current principal
balance and original appraised value, of total one-to-four family loans
outstanding as of December 31, 2006, by year of origination, were 67% for 2006,
69% for 2005, 69% for 2004 and 62% for pre-2004 originations. As of
December 31, 2006, average loan-to-value ratios, based on current principal
balance and original appraised value, of total multi-family and commercial
real
estate loans outstanding, by year of origination, were 62% for 2006, 66% for
2005, 65% for 2004 and 60% for pre-2004 originations.
As
previously discussed, there has been a slow down in the housing market,
particularly during the second half of 2006. We are closely
monitoring the local and national real estate markets and other factors related
to the risks inherent in the loan portfolio. We believe this slow
down in the housing market has not had a discernable negative impact on our
loan
loss experience as measured by trends in our net loan charge-offs and losses
on
real estate owned. Our non-performing mortgage loans have not
increased substantially and had an average loan-to-value ratio, based on current
principal balance and original appraised value, of 71% at December 31, 2006
and
69% at December 31, 2005. The average age of our non-performing
mortgage
loans
since origination was 3.7 years at December 31, 2006. Therefore, the
majority of non-performing mortgage loans in our portfolio were originated
prior
to 2006, when real estate values were rising, and would likely have current
loan-to-value ratios equal to or lower than those at the origination
date. In reviewing the negligible change in the loan-to-value ratios
of our non-performing loans from 2005 to 2006, we determined that there was
no
additional inherent loss in our non-performing loan portfolio compared to the
estimates included in our existing methodology. We underwrite our
one-to-four family mortgage loans primarily based upon our evaluation of the
borrower’s ability to pay. We generally do not obtain updated
estimates of collateral value for loans until classified or requested by our
Asset Classification Committee. We monitor property value trends in
our market areas to determine what impact, if any, such trends may have on
our
loan-to-value ratios and the adequacy of the allowance for loan
losses. Based on our review of property value trends, including
updated estimates of collateral value on classified loans, we do not believe
the
current slow down in the housing market had a discernable negative impact on
the
value of our non-performing loan collateral as of December 31,
2006. Since we determined there was sufficient collateral value to
support our non-performing loans and we have not experienced an increase in
related loan charge-offs, no change to our allowance coverage percentages was
required. Based on our evaluation of the foregoing factors, our 2006
analyses indicated that no provision for loan losses was warranted for the
year
ended December 31, 2006 and that our allowance for loan losses at December
31,
2006 was adequate.
The
allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-performing loans increased
to
134.55% at December 31, 2006, from 124.81% at December 31, 2005, primarily
due
to the decrease in non-performing loans from December 31, 2005 to December
31,
2006. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans
was 0.53% at December 31, 2006 and 0.56% at December 31, 2005. For
further discussion of the methodology used to evaluate the allowance for loan
losses, see “Critical Accounting Policies-Allowance for Loan Losses” and for
further discussion of non-performing loans, see “Asset Quality.”
Comparison
of Financial Condition and
Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2005 and
2004
Results
of
Operations
Provision
for Loan
Losses
During
the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, no provision for loan losses was
recorded. We review our allowance for loan losses on a quarterly
basis. Our 2005 analyses did not indicate that a change in our
allowance for loan losses was warranted. Our net charge-off
experience during the year ended December 31, 2005 was one basis point of
average loans outstanding, compared to less than one basis point of average
loans outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2004. The balance
of our allowance for loan losses represents management’s best estimate of the
probable inherent losses in our loan portfolio at December 31, 2005 and
2004.
The
allowance for loan losses totaled $81.2 million at December 31, 2005 and $82.8
million at December 31, 2004. Net loan charge-offs totaled $1.6
million for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to $363,000 for the year
ended December 31, 2004. Non-performing loans increased $32.4 million
to $65.0 million at December 31, 2005, from $32.6 million at December 31,
2004. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-performing
loans decreased to 124.81% at December 31, 2005, from 254.02% at December 31,
2004, primarily due to the increase in non-performing loans from December 31,
2004 to December 31, 2005. The allowance for loan losses as a
percentage of total loans was 0.56% at December 31, 2005 and 0.62% at December
31, 2004. For further discussion of non-performing loans and the
allowance for loan losses, see “Critical Accounting Policies-Allowance for Loan
Losses” and “Asset Quality.”
Asset
Quality
Non-performing
assets decreased $6.1 million to $60.0 million at December 31, 2006, from $66.1
million at December 31, 2005. Non-performing loans, the most
significant component of non-performing assets, decreased $5.6 million to $59.4
million at December 31, 2006, from $65.0 million at December 31,
2005.
As
previously discussed, these decreases were primarily due to a reduction in
non-performing multi-family mortgage loans, partially offset by an increase
in
non-performing one-to-four family mortgage loans. At December 31,
2006, non-performing multi-family mortgage loans totaled $14.6 million and
non-performing one-to-four family mortgage loans totaled $41.1
million. The average loan-to-value ratio of our non-performing
mortgage loans, based on current principal balance and original appraised value,
was 71% at December 31, 2006 and 69% at December 31, 2005. Our
non-performing loans continue to remain at low levels in relation to the size
of
our loan portfolio. Our ratio of non-performing loans to total loans
decreased to 0.40% at December 31, 2006, from 0.45% at December 31,
2005. Our ratio of non-performing assets to total assets was 0.28% at
December 31, 2006 and 0.30% at December 31, 2005.
During
the 2006 third quarter, we sold $10.1 million of non-performing loans, primarily
multi-family and one-to-four family mortgage loans, of which $5.5 million were
non-performing as of December 31, 2005. The remainder became
non-performing during 2006. Since these loans were sold in the third
quarter of 2006, we are unable to determine with any degree of certainty whether
some or all of these loans would have remained non-performing as of December
31,
2006 had they not been sold, particularly in light of our aggressive collection
efforts and prior experience with other borrowers. However, assuming
the $10.1 million of non-performing loans sold were not sold and were both
outstanding and non-performing at December 31, 2006, our non-performing loans
would have totaled $69.5 million, or an increase of $4.5 million from December
31, 2005, and our non-performing assets would have totaled $70.1 million, or
an
increase of $4.0 million from December 31, 2005. Additionally, at
December 31, 2006, our ratio of non-performing loans to total loans would have
increased to 0.46%, our ratio of non-performing assets to total assets would
have increased to 0.33% and the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of
total non-performing loans would have decreased to 114.92%.
See
Item
1, “Business” for further discussion of our asset quality.
Allowance
for
Losses
The
following table sets forth changes in our allowances for losses on loans and
REO
for the periods indicated.
|
|
At
or For the Year Ended
December 31,
|
(Dollars
in
Thousands)
|
|
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
Allowance
for losses on
loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at beginning of year
|
|
$
|
81,159
|
|
|
$
|
82,758
|
|
|
$
|
83,121
|
|
|
$
|
83,546
|
|
|
$
|
82,285
|
|
Provision
charged to operations
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,307
|
|
Charge-offs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One-to-four
family
|
|
|
(89
|
)
|
|
|
(749
|
)
|
|
|
(231
|
)
|
|
|
(194
|
)
|
|
|
(325
|
)
|
Multi-family
|
|
|
(967
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(83
|
)
|
Commercial
real estate
|
|
|
(197
|
)
|
|
|
(650
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(268
|
)
|
Construction
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(281
|
)
|
Consumer
and other loans
|
|
|
(312
|
)
|
|
|
(706
|
)
|
|
|
(656
|
)
|
|
|
(1,142
|
)
|
|
|
(1,251
|
)
|
Total
charge-offs
|
|
|
(1,565
|
)
|
|
|
(2,105
|
)
|
|
|
(887
|
)
|
|
|
(1,336
|
)
|
|
|
(2,208
|
)
|
Recoveries:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One-to-four
family
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
|
111
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
Multi-family
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
83
|
|
Commercial
real estate
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
291
|
|
Consumer
and other loans
|
|
|
318
|
|
|
|
332
|
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
|
780
|
|
|
|
547
|
|
Total
recoveries
|
|
|
348
|
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
|
911
|
|
|
|
1,162
|
|
Net
charge-offs
|
|
|
(1,217
|
)
|
|
|
(1,599
|
)
|
|
|
(363
|
)
|
|
|
(425
|
)
|
|
|
(1,046
|
)
|
Balance
at end of year
|
|
$
|
79,942
|
|
|
$
|
81,159
|
|
|
$
|
82,758
|
|
|
$
|
83,121
|
|
|
$
|
83,546
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
charge-offs to average loans outstanding
|
|
|
0.01
|
%
|
|
|
0.01
|
%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.01
|
%
|
Allowance
for loan losses to total loans
|
|
|
0.53
|
|
|
|
0.56
|
|
|
|
0.62
|
|
|
|
0.66
|
|
|
|
0.69
|
|
Allowance
for loan losses to non-performing loans
|
|
|
134.55
|
|
|
|
124.81
|
|
|
|
254.02
|
|
|
|
280.10
|
|
|
|
242.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allowance
for losses on
REO:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at beginning of year
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Provision
charged to operations
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Charge-offs
|
|
|
(121
|
)
|
|
|
(56
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Balance
at end of year
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
The
following table sets forth our allocation of the allowance for loan losses
by
loan category and the percent of loans in each category to total loans
receivable at the dates indicated. The portion of the allowance for
loan losses allocated to each loan category does not represent the total
available to absorb losses which may occur within the loan category, since
the
total allowance is available for losses applicable to the entire loan
portfolio. The balance of our allowance for loan losses represents
management’s best estimate of the probable inherent losses in our loan portfolio
at December 31, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002.
|
|
At
December
31,
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
%
of
Loans
|
|
|
|
%
of
Loans
|
|
|
|
%
of
Loans
|
|
|
|
|
to
|
|
|
|
to
|
|
|
|
to
|
(Dollars
in
Thousands)
|
|
Amount
|
|
Total
Loans
|
|
Amount
|
|
Total
Loans
|
|
Amount
|
|
Total
Loans
|
One-to-four
family
|
|
$
|
35,242
|
|
|
|
68.67
|
%
|
|
$
|
34,051
|
|
|
|
68.24
|
%
|
|
$
|
36,697
|
|
|
|
68.68
|
%
|
Multi-family
|
|
|
19,413
|
|
|
|
20.09
|
|
|
|
19,818
|
|
|
|
19.77
|
|
|
|
18,124
|
|
|
|
19.41
|
|
Commercial
real estate
|
|
|
11,768
|
|
|
|
7.40
|
|
|
|
11,437
|
|
|
|
7.52
|
|
|
|
11,785
|
|
|
|
7.17
|
|
Construction
|
|
|
2,119
|
|
|
|
0.94
|
|
|
|
2,071
|
|
|
|
0.96
|
|
|
|
1,996
|
|
|
|
0.89
|
|
Consumer
and other loans
|
|
|
11,400
|
|
|
|
2.90
|
|
|
|
13,782
|
|
|
|
3.51
|
|
|
|
14,156
|
|
|
|
3.85
|
|
Total
allowance for loan losses
|
|
$
|
79,942
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
81,159
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
82,758
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
|
At
December
31,
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
|
|
|
%
of
Loans
|
|
|
|
%
of
Loans
|
|
|
|
|
to
|
|
|
|
to
|
(Dollars
in
Thousands)
|
|
Amount
|
|
Total
Loans
|
|
Amount
|
|
Total
Loans
|
One-to-four
family
|
|
$
|
39,614
|
|
|
|
71.13
|
%
|
|
$
|
45,485
|
|
|
|
76.86
|
%
|
Multi-family
|
|
|
16,440
|
|
|
|
17.69
|
|
|
|
12,449
|
|
|
|
13.35
|
|
Commercial
real estate
|
|
|
11,006
|
|
|
|
6.98
|
|
|
|
10,099
|
|
|
|
6.21
|
|
Construction
|
|
|
1,695
|
|
|
|
0.79
|
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
|
0.47
|
|
Consumer
and other loans
|
|
|
14,366
|
|
|
|
3.41
|
|
|
|
14,727
|
|
|
|
3.11
|
|
Total
allowance for loan losses
|
|
$
|
83,121
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
$
|
83,546
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|