NOTES
TO CONDENSED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE
1 - GENERAL
Vascular
Biogenics Ltd. (the “Company” or VBL) was incorporated on January 27, 2000. The Company is a late-stage clinical
biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of first-in-class treatments for cancer and
immune/inflammatory indications. VB-111 (ofranergene obadenovec), a Phase 3 drug candidate, is the lead product
candidate in the Company’s cancer program. VB-201, a Phase 2-ready drug candidate, is the Company’s lead
Lecinoxoid-based product candidate for chronic immune-related indications. The Company is also conducting a pre-clinical
research program, exploring the potential of targeting of MOSPD2 for immuno-oncology and anti-inflammatory
applications.
The
Company is engaged in an exclusive license agreement with NanoCarrier Co., Ltd. for the development, commercialization, and supply
of ofranergene obadenovec (“VB-111”) in Japan for all indications.
In
March 2019, the company entered into an exclusive option license agreement with an animal health company for the development
of VB-201 for veterinary use, see note 7.
Since
its inception, the Company has incurred significant losses, and it expects to continue to incur significant expenses and
losses for at least the next several years. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $202.4 million. The Company’s losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year, depending
on the timing of its clinical trials, the receipt of payments under any future collaboration agreements it may enter into,
and its expenditures on other research and development activities.
As
of September 30, 2019, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, short-term bank deposits and restricted bank deposits of
$41.1 million. The Company may seek to raise more capital to pursue additional activities. The Company may seek these funds
through a combination of private and public equity offerings, government grants, strategic collaborations and licensing arrangements.
Additional financing may not be available when the Company needs it or may not be available on terms that are favorable to the
Company.
NOTE
2 - BASIS OF PREPARATION
The
Company’s condensed interim financial statements as of September 30, 2019 and for the nine months then ended (the
“condensed interim financial statements”) have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard
No. 34, “Interim Financial Reporting” (“IAS 34”). These condensed interim financial statements, which
are unaudited, do not include all disclosures necessary for a complete presentation of the Company’s financial position,
results of operations, and cash flows, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. The condensed interim financial
statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual financial statements as of December 31, 2018 and for
the year then ended, along with the accompanying notes, which have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB).” The results of
operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may
be expected for the entire fiscal year or for any other interim period.
NOTE
3 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The
accounting policies and calculation methods applied in the preparation of the interim financial statements are consistent with
those applied in the preparation of the annual financial statements as of December 31, 2018 and for the year then ended, except
for the adoption of International Financing Reporting Standard No. 16 “Leases” (“IFRS 16”), effective
from January 1, 2019, as set forth below.
IFRS
16 “Leases”
a.
|
The
Company has adopted IFRS 16 retrospectively from January 1, 2019, but has not restated comparative figures for the 2018 reporting
period, as permitted under the specific transitional provisions in the standard. The reclassifications and the adjustments
arising from the new accounting rules are therefore recognized in the statement of financial position at the date of initial
application.
|
|
|
b.
|
On
adoption of IFRS 16, the Company recognized lease liabilities in relation to leases which had previously been classified as
‘operating leases’ under the principles of IAS 17 “Leases.” These liabilities were measured
at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate as of
January 1, 2019. The weighted average of lessee’s incremental annual borrowing rate applied to the lease liabilities
on January 1, 2019, was 4.1%.
|
|
|
|
The
lease liabilities recognized in the statement of financial position at the date of initial application were approximately
$2.6 million, of which approximately $0.4 million were current lease liabilities and $2.2 million non-current lease liabilities.
The associated right-of-use assets were measured at the amount equal to the lease liability and as a result, there was no
impact on retained earnings on January 1, 2019.
|
|
|
|
The
net recognized right-of-use assets as of January 1, 2019 and September 30, 2019 relate to the following types of assets: properties
of approximately $3.4 million and approximately $3.0 million, respectively, and vehicles of $0.3 million and $0.2 million,
respectively.
|
|
|
|
In
applying IFRS 16 for the first time, the Company used the practical expedient permitted by the standard, the accounting for
operating leases with a remaining lease term of less than 12 months as of January 1, 2019, as short-term leases.
|
|
|
|
The
Company has also elected not to reassess whether a contract is, or contains a lease at the date of initial application. Instead,
for contracts entered into before the transition date, the Company relied on its assessment made by applying IAS-17 and IFRIC-4
to determining whether an arrangement contains a lease.
|
c.
|
Through
the end of the 2018 financial year, the leases of offices and vehicles by the Company were classified as operating leases
and payments made were charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.
|
|
|
|
From
January 1, 2019, the leases are recognized as right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased
asset is available for use by the Company. Each lease payment is allocated between the relative liability and financial cost.
The financial cost is charged to profit or loss under “Financial Expenses (Income), net” over the lease period
so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The right-of-use
asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis.
|
|
|
|
Assets
and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present
value of the following lease payments (including in-substance fixed payments) and variable lease payments which are based
on an index or a rate. Variable lease payments were not significant for the period.
|
|
|
|
The
lease payments are discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate, being the rate that the lessee would have
to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value in a similar economic environment with similar terms
and conditions.
|
|
|
|
Right-of-use
assets are measured at cost, being the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability.
|
|
|
|
The
Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that
qualify, the Company will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing right-of-use
assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. Instead, the Company will continue
to recognize the lease payments for those leases in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease
payments, except of interest expenses, are classified in the statements of cash flows as financing activities. Until January
1, 2019, lease payments were classified as operating activities.
|
The
following table sets forth a maturity analysis of the Company’s lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019:
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
|
September 30, 2019
|
|
2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2019)
|
|
$
|
236
|
|
2020
|
|
$
|
874
|
|
2021
|
|
$
|
471
|
|
After 2022
|
|
$
|
1,982
|
|
Total undiscounted cash flows
|
|
$
|
3,563
|
|
Less: imputed interest
|
|
$
|
439
|
|
Present value of lease liabilities
|
|
$
|
3,124
|
|
NOTE
4 - FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The
Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, fair value interest
rate risk, cash flow interest rate risk and price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The interim financial statements do not
include all financial risk management information and disclosures required in the annual financial statements; therefore, they
should be read in conjunction with the Company’s annual financial statements as of December 31, 2018. There have been no
significant changes in the risk management policies since the year end.
NOTE 5 - CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,
SHORT-TERM BANK DEPOSITS AND RESTRICTED BANK DEPOSITS
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term bank
deposits and restricted bank deposits as of September 30, 2019 were $22.3 million, $18.2 million and $0.5 million.
The short-term bank deposits as of September 30, 2019 were for terms of nine to twelve months and carried interest at annual
rates of 2.15%-2.63%.
NOTE
6 - SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
In
March 2019, the Board of Directors approved the increase of the free pool available for the issuance under the 2014 ESOP plan
to 1,930,305 Ordinary Shares.
NOTE
7 - REVENUE
In
March 2019, the Company entered into exclusive option license agreement (hereafter- Agreement) with an animal health company
for the development of VB-201 for veterinary use. Under the Agreement, the Company granted a right to use intellectual property
and transfer materials. In addition, the Company granted an option to obtain an exclusive worldwide, royalty-bearing, transferable
license under the Company’s intellectual property and materials to research, develop and sell the product worldwide.
As
part of the Agreement, the Company received an immaterial non-refundable and non-creditable upfront payment recognized as revenues
during the period. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive an immaterial amount upon the achievement of a milestone event.
The revenues recognized for the period comprise
revenues from the exclusive license agreement for the development, commercialization, and supply of VB-111 in Japan for all indications
and from the option to license agreement for the development of VB-201 for animal healthcare worldwide. The contract consideration
comprises upfront and milestone revenues and are recognized according to IFRS 15 “Revenue from contract with customers.”
Under
IFRS 15, the consideration that the Company would be entitled to upon the achievement of contractual milestones, which are contingent
upon the occurrence of future events of development progress, are a form of variable consideration. The Company did not recognize
any revenues from milestone payment during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
OPERATING
AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
The
following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the
Company’s annual financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 (included in our Annual Report of Foreign
Private Issuer on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018) and their accompanying notes and the related notes and the other
financial information included elsewhere in this Form 6-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks,
uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements
as a result of various factors. Our audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 and our unaudited
financial statements for the nine months ended on September 30, 2019 (the “Period”) have been prepared in accordance
with IFRS, as issued by the IASB. Unless stated otherwise, comparisons included herein are made to the nine months period
ended on September 30, 2018 (the “Parallel Period”).
Overview
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical
company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of first-in-class treatments for areas of unmet need in
cancer and immune/inflammatory indications. We have developed three platform technologies: a gene-therapy based technology for
targeting newly formed blood vessels with focus on cancer, an antibody-based technology targeting MOSPD2 for immuno-oncology and
anti-inflammatory applications, and the Lecinoxoids, a family of small-molecules for chronic immune-related indications.
Our main program in oncology
is based on our proprietary Vascular Targeting System, or VTS, platform technology, which we believe will allow us to develop
product candidates for multiple oncology indications. The VTS technology utilizes genetically targeted therapy to destroy newly
formed, or angiogenic, blood vessels. By utilizing a viral vector as a delivery mechanism, the VTS platform can also lead to induction
or enhancement of a localized anti-tumor immune response, thereby turning immunologically ‘cold’ tumors ‘hot’.
Our
lead product candidate, VB-111 (ofranergene obadenovec), is a gene-based biologic that we are developing for solid tumor indications,
and which we have advanced to programs for recurrent glioblastoma, or rGBM, an aggressive form of brain cancer, ovarian cancer
and thyroid cancer. We have obtained fast track designation for VB-111 in the United States for prolongation of survival in patients
with glioblastoma that has recurred following treatment with standard chemotherapy and radiation. We have also received orphan
drug designation for GBM in both the United States and Europe. VB-111 has also received an orphan designation for the treatment
of ovarian cancer by the European Commission.
In June 2019, we reported final results
from a Phase 1/2 clinical trial of VB-111 for recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Data demonstrated a median overall
survival (OS) of 498 days in the VB-111 therapeutic-dose arm, versus 172.5 days in the low-dose arm (p=0.03). 58% of evaluable
patients treated with the therapeutic dose of VB-111 had a GCIG CA-125 response. VB-111 activity signals were seen despite unfavorable
prognostic characteristics (50% platinum refractory disease and 50% previous treatment with anti-angiogenics). There was a trend
for favorable survival in patients who had CA-125 decrease >50% in the VB-111 therapeutic-dose arm (808 vs. 351 days; p=0.067)
implicating CA-125 as a potentially valuable biomarker for response to VB-111. Post treatment fever was also associated with a
signal for improved survival (808 vs. 479 days; p=0.27). In December 2016, we had an end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA, in which
we received feedback from the FDA to advance VB-111 for a Phase 3 study in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, which we launched
in December 2017. The OVAL study is being conducted in collaboration with the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) Foundation, Inc.,
a leading organization for research excellence in the field of gynecologic malignancies. In March 2019, at the Society of Gynecologic
Oncology conference, we presented biopsy data from ovarian cancer patients, showing the potential of VB-111 to stimulate the immune
system and drive immune cells to infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. An interim analysis in the OVAL study is expected in the
first quarter of 2020.
In September 2015, we reported complete results
from our Phase 2 trial of VB-111 in rGBM, demonstrating a statistically-significant benefit in overall survival and favorable
response rate in patients treated with VB-111 in combination with bevacizumab. Our pivotal Phase 3 GLOBE study in rGBM began in
August 2015 and compared a combination of VB-111 and bevacizumab to bevacizumab alone. The study, which enrolled a total of 256
patients in the US, Canada and Israel, was conducted under a special protocol assessment, or SPA, agreement with the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration, or FDA, with full endorsement by the Canadian Brain Tumor Consortium (CBTC). On March 8, 2018, we announced
top-line results from the GLOBE study, which showed that the study did not meet its pre-specified primary endpoint of overall
survival (OS). No new safety concerns associated with VB-111 have been identified in the GLOBE study. In November 2018, full data
from the GLOBE trial were presented at the 2018 Society for Neuro-Oncology Annual Meeting. Analyses pointed to the regimen in
the GLOBE trial as the potential reason for its negative outcome, indicating that priming with VB-111 without bevacizumab may
be critical for the immune and vascular-disruptive/anti-angiogenic mechanism of VB-111 in rGBM. We do not think that results of
the GLOBE study in rGBM will necessarily have implications on the prospects for VB-111 in other regimens or tumor types. Accordingly,
following independent MRI analyses at UCLA, in which we observed an overall clinical and survival benefit of VB-111 among patients
who were primed with VB-111 in our prior Phase 2 study in rGBM, a new investigator-sponsored Phase 2 trial evaluating VB-111 in
rGBM patients is expected to be launched by year-end 2019. Our OVAL Phase 3 potential registration study of VB-111 in platinum
resistant ovarian cancer was launched in December 2017 and is being conducted in collaboration with the GOG Foundation, Inc.,
a leading organization for research excellence in the field of gynecologic malignancies. An interim analysis in the OVAL study
is expected in the first quarter of 2020. In addition, a collaborative Phase 2 study evaluating VB-111 in combination with a checkpoint-inhibitor
in gastrointestinal tumors is expected to be launched by year-end 2019. The IND application for this study, which was submitted
by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute on behalf of a group of top neuro-oncology US medical centers, recently went into effect with
the FDA.
In addition, based on support from pre-clinical
data and the histological data in ovarian cancer showing the ability of VB-111 to turn an immunologically “cold” to
“hot” tumor, an NCI-sponsored exploratory Phase 2 study for VB-111 in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor is planned
in colon cancer.
In February 2017, we reported full data
from our exploratory Phase 2 study of VB-111 in recurrent, iodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer. The primary endpoint
of the trial, defined as 6-month progression-free-survival (PFS-6) of 25%, was met with a dose response. Forty-seven percent of
patients in the therapeutic-dose cohort reached PFS-6, versus 25% in the sub-therapeutic cohort, both groups meeting the primary
endpoint. An overall survival benefit was seen, with a tail of more than 40% at 3.7 years for the therapeutic-dose cohort. Most
patients in the VB-111 study had tumors that previously had progressed on pazopanib (Votrient®) or other kinase inhibitors.
We
are also conducting two parallel drug development programs that are exploring the potential of MOSPD2, a protein which we identified
as a key regulator of cell motility, as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer.
For
oncology applications, we are developing bi-specific antibodies aimed to kill tumor cells, based on MOSPD2 as a target whose expression
is induced in multiple tumors. We found that MOSPD2 was detected in the majority of cancerous organs, including colon, esophagus,
liver and breast. In a manuscript published in the International Journal of Cancer as well as in scientific conferences, we showed
that MOSPD2 is required for the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro, and that it promotes breast cancer cell
metastasis in vivo. Given the specificity of MOSPD2 expression and its highly elevated expression in tumors, we believe MOSPD2
can serve as a novel mechanism for targeting of tumor cells. Based on these findings, our approach is to utilize MOSPD2 as a target
for attacking the tumor cells in the treatment of late-stage breast cancer and other tumor types. To this end, we are developing
bi-specific antibodies that aim to induce killing of MOSPD2-positive tumors cells through binding and activation of T-cells. We
have presented proof-of-concept for this approach at the AACR conference in April 2018 using a BiTE antibody, and are currently
advancing our lead bi-specific candidates towards an IND filing, which is expected by year-end 2020.
For
inflammatory applications, we are developing classical antibodies that bind and block MOSPD2 on immune cells. Our data
show that MOSPD2, which is predominantly expressed on the surface of human monocytes, is essential for their migration.
By inhibiting this protein, we seek to block this migration of monocytes to sites of inflammation, and accordingly to reduce inflammation
and tissue damage. At the ECTRIMS 2018 meeting, we presented the critical role of MOSPD2 in the development of multiple sclerosis,
and its potential as a novel target for treatment of inflammation in the Central Nervous System (or CNS) and other organs. Using
MOSPD2 knockout mice, our data show that MOSPD2 was critical for the development of the disease in the experimental autoimmune
encephalomyelitis (or EAE) model for MS, as knockout mice essentially do not develop the disease. Furthermore, we developed proprietary
monoclonal antibodies against MOSPD2 that successfully prevented development of EAE, and were also effective in treatment of the
animals after the neurological symptoms had already appeared. These data suggest that MOSPD2 is a critical path in MS. In February
2019, we presented additional data implicating the potential of our VB-600 platform of antibodies targeting MOSPD2 for treatment
of NASH and RA. Collectively, these data point to MOSPD2 as a key pathway through which the body is recruiting monocytes to specific
sites of inflammation. Accordingly, we believe that antibodies targeting MOSPD2 have potential for treatment of various inflammatory
indications, and are advancing lead candidates towards an IND submission, which is expected by year-end 2020.
We also have been conducting a program
targeting anti-inflammatory diseases, based on the use of our Lecinoxoid platform technology. Lecinoxoids are a novel class of
small molecules we developed that are structurally and functionally similar to naturally occurring molecules known to modulate
inflammation. The lead product candidate from this program, VB-201, is a Phase 2-ready molecule that demonstrated activity in
reducing vascular inflammation in a Phase 2 sub-study in psoriatic patients with cardiovascular risk. Based on recent pre-clinical
studies, we believe that VB-201 and some second generation molecules such as VB-703 may have potential applicability for NASH
and renal fibrosis. In March 2019, we announced a strategic exclusive option license agreement with one of the world-leading European
animal health companies for the development of VB-201 for veterinary use. We retain the VB-201 rights for treatment of humans,
worldwide.
In
October 2017, we announced the opening of our new gene therapy manufacturing plant in Modiin, Israel. This plant can be the commercial
facility for production of VB-111, if approved. The Modiin facility is the first commercial-scale gene therapy manufacturing facility
in Israel and currently one of the largest gene-therapy designated manufacturing facilities in the world (20,000 sq. ft.). In
July 2019, the facility was certified by a European Union (EU) Qualified Person (QP) as being in compliance with EU Good Manufacturing
Practices (GMP).
In
November 2017, we signed an exclusive license agreement with NanoCarrier Co., Ltd. (TSE Mothers:4571) for the development, commercialization
and supply of VB-111 in Japan. We retain rights to VB-111 in the rest of the world. Under terms of the agreement, we have granted
NanoCarrier an exclusive license to develop and commercialize VB-111 in Japan for all indications. We will supply NanoCarrier
with VB-111, and NanoCarrier will be responsible for all regulatory and other clinical activities necessary for commercialization
in Japan. In exchange, we received an up-front payment of $15 million, and are entitled to receive greater than $100 million in
development and commercial milestone payments if certain development and commercial milestones are achieved. We will also receive
tiered royalties on net sales in the high-teens.
In March 2019, we executed an exclusive option license agreement with an animal health company for the development
of our proprietary anti-inflammatory molecule, VB-201, for veterinary use. We retain VB-201 rights for treatment of humans worldwide.
Under the terms of the agreement, we have granted an exclusive option license to explore the potential of VB-201 for animal health
indications. In consideration, we received an undisclosed up-front payment, and are entitled to receive additional development
milestone payments. Upon exercising the option to license, we will receive additional milestones and royalties on net sales.
We
commenced operations in 2000, and our operations to date have been limited to organizing and staffing our company, business planning,
raising capital, developing our VTS and Lecinoxoid platform technologies and developing our product candidates, including conducting
pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of VB-111 and VB-201. To date, we have funded our operations through private sales of
preferred shares, a convertible loan, public offering and grants from the Israeli Office of Chief Scientist, or OCS, which has
later transformed to the Israeli Innovation Authority, or IIA, under the Israel Encouragement of Research and Development in Industry,
or the Research Law. We have no products that have received regulatory approval and accordingly have never generated regular revenue
streams. Since our inception and through September, 2019, we had raised an aggregate of $252.4 million to fund our operations,
of which $113.4 million was from sales of our equity securities, $40.5 from our initial public offering, or IPO, $15 million from
a November 3, 2015 underwritten offering, approximately $24.0 million from a June 7, 2016 registered direct offering, $17.9 million
from a November 16, 2017 underwritten offering, $15.5 million from a June 27, 2018 registered direct offering and $26.1
million from IIA grants.
Since inception, we have incurred significant
losses. Our loss for the Period was $13.7 million. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, our loss was $20.4 million
and $10.1 million, respectively. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and losses for at least the next several
years. As of September 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $202.4 million. Our losses may fluctuate significantly from
quarter to quarter and year to year, depending on the timing of our clinical trials, the receipt of payments under any future
collaborations we may enter into, and our expenditures on other research and development activities.
As of September 30, 2019, we had cash and
cash equivalents, short-term bank deposits and restricted bank deposits of $41.1 million. To fund further operations, we will
need to raise additional capital. We may seek to raise more capital to pursue additional activities, which may be through a combination
of private and public equity offerings, government grants, strategic collaborations and licensing arrangements. Additional financing
may not be available when we specifically need it or may not be available on terms that are favorable to us. As of September
30, 2019, we had 39 employees. Our operations are located in a single facility in Modiin, Israel.
Various
statements in this release concerning our future expectations constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include words such as “may,” “expects,”
“anticipates,” “believes,” and “intends,” and describe opinions about future events. These
forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or
achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking
statements. Some of these risks are incurred losses; dependence on the success of our lead product candidate, VB-111, its clinical
development, regulatory approval and commercialization; the novelty of our technologies, which makes it difficult to predict the
time and cost of product candidate development and potential regulatory approval; as well as potential delays in our clinical
trials.
These and other factors are more fully discussed
in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition,
any forward-looking statements represent our views only as of the date of this release and should not be relied upon as representing
our views as of any subsequent date. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements unless required
by law.
Financial
Overview
Revenue
As
of September 30, 2019, we have generated cumulative revenues of approximately $14.9 million under an exclusive license agreement
for the development, commercialization, and supply of VB-111 in Japan for all indications and an option to license agreement for
the development of VB-201 for animal healthcare worldwide. The generated revenues comprises upfront and milestone payments.
The
cost of revenues associated with these revenues were approximately $0.7 million.
We
do not expect to receive any other revenue from any product candidates that we develop unless and until we obtain regulatory approval
and commercialize our products or enter into collaborative agreements with third parties.
Research
and Development Expenses
Research
and development expenses consist of costs incurred for the development of both of our platform technologies and our product candidates.
Those expenses include:
●
|
employee-related
expenses, including salaries and share-based compensation expenses for employees in research and development functions;
|
|
|
●
|
expenses
incurred in operating our laboratories and small-scale manufacturing facility;
|
|
|
●
|
expenses
incurred under agreements with CROs and investigative sites that conduct our clinical trials;
|
|
|
●
|
expenses
relating to outsourced and contracted services, such as external laboratories, consulting and advisory services;
|
|
|
●
|
supply,
development and manufacturing costs relating to clinical trial materials;
|
|
|
●
|
maintenance
of facilities, depreciation and other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and insurance; and
|
|
|
●
|
costs
associated with pre-clinical and clinical activities.
|
Research
expenses are recognized as incurred. An intangible asset arising from the development of our product candidates is recognized
if certain capitalization conditions are met. As of September 30, 2019, we did not have any capitalized development costs.
Costs
for certain development activities are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using
information and data provided to us by our vendors and clinical sites. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to
be received in future periods for use in research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts
are then expensed as the related goods are delivered and the services are performed.
We
have received grants from the IIA as part of the research and development programs for our VTS and Lecinoxoid platform technologies.
The requirements and restrictions for such grants are found in the Research Law. These grants are subject to repayment through
future royalty payments on any products resulting from these research and development programs, including VB-111 and VB-201. The
cumulative total gross amount of grants actually received by us from the IIA, including accrued LIBOR interest as of September
30, 2019 totaled $32.4 million.
Information
on our liabilities and the restrictions that we are subject to under the Research Law in connection with the IIA grants that we
have received is detailed in the Annual Report on Form 20-F as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Under
applicable accounting rules, the grants from the IIA have been accounted for as an off-set against the related research and development
expenses in our financial statements. As a result, our research and development expenses are shown on our financial statements
net of the IIA grants.
General
and Administrative Expenses
General
and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive and finance functions
such as salaries, benefits and share-based compensation. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs not
otherwise included in research and development expenses, communication expenses, and professional fees for legal services, patent
counseling and portfolio maintenance, consulting, auditing and accounting services.
Marketing
Expenses
Marketing
expenses consists principally of salaries and related cost for personnel in marketing and commercialization functions such as
salaries, benefits and share-based compensation, in addition to commercialization consulting services.
Financial
Expenses (Income), Net
Financial
income is comprised of interest income generated from interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term bank deposits
and gains and losses due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, mainly in the appreciation and depreciation of the
NIS exchange rate against the U.S. dollar.
Financial
expenses primarily consist of calculated interest expenses from our lease liabilities and gains and losses due to fluctuations
in foreign currency exchange rates.
Taxes
on Income
We
have not generated taxable income since our inception, and had carry forward tax losses as of December 31, 2018 of $164.9 million.
We anticipate that we will be able to carry forward these tax losses indefinitely to future tax years. Accordingly, we do not
expect to pay taxes in Israel until we have taxable income after the full utilization of our carry forward tax losses.
We
recognize deferred tax assets on losses for tax purposes carried forward to subsequent years if utilization of the related tax
benefit against a future taxable income is expected. We have not created deferred taxes on our tax loss carry forward since their
utilization is not expected in the foreseeable future.
Critical
Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
This
management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements,
which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Estimates and
judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future
events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
We
make estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the
related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.
Revenue
We
are engaged in an exclusive license agreement with NanoCarrier Co., Ltd. for the development, commercialization, and supply of
ofranergene obadenovec (“VB-111”) in Japan for all indications and an option to license agreement for the development
of VB-201 for animal healthcare worldwide. In determining the amounts received to be recognized as revenue under these collaboration
agreements, we used our judgement in the following main issues:
●
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Identifying
the performance obligations in each agreement and determining whether the license or the option provided is distinct.
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●
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Allocation
of the transaction price - we estimated the distribution of the upfront and milestone payments along the expected life cycle
of each agreement, allocated standalone selling prices to each of the services to be provided and used the residual approach
to estimate the standalone selling price of the license.
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●
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Variable
consideration consists of potential future milestone payments. We determined that all such variable consideration shall be
allocated to the license (the satisfied performance obligation).
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Share-Based
Compensation
We
operate a number of equity-settled, share-based compensation plans for employees (as defined in IFRS 2 “Share-Based Payments”),
directors and service providers. As part of the plans, we grant employees, directors and service providers, from time to time
and at our discretion, options and RSU’s to purchase our ordinary shares. The fair value of the employee and service provider
services received in exchange for the grant of the options and RSU’s is recognized as an expense in our statements of comprehensive
loss and is carried to additional paid in capital in our statements of financial position. The total amount is recognized as an
expense ratably over the vesting period of the options, which is the period during which all vesting conditions are expected to
be met.
We
estimate the fair value of our options awards to employees and directors using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires
the input of highly subjective assumptions, including (a) the expected volatility of our shares, (b) the expected term of the
award, (c) the risk-free interest rate, and (d) expected dividends. Due to the lack of a public market for the trading of our
shares until October 2014 and a lack of company-specific historical and implied volatility data, we have based our estimate of
expected volatility on the historic volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. For options granted since
2015, the expected volatility was calculated using weighted average and was based on the stock price volatility of the Company
since October 1st, 2014 (IPO date) and the remaining years on the stock price volatility of similar companies.
We
will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of our own share
price becomes available. We estimate the fair value of our share-based awards to service providers based on the value of services
received, which is based on the additional cash compensation that we would need to pay if such options were not granted.
Service
conditions and performance vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options and RSU’s that are
expected to vest. The total expense is recognized over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified
vesting conditions are to be satisfied.
We
are also required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant, and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures
differ from the estimates. Vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options and RSU’s that are
expected to vest. At the end of each reporting period, we revise our estimates of the number of options and RSU’s that are
expected to vest based on the nonmarket vesting conditions. We recognize the impact of the revision to original estimates, if
any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid in capital.
Clinical
trial accruals
Clinical
trial expenses are charged to research and development expense as incurred. We accrue for expenses resulting from obligations
under contracts with clinical research organizations (CROs). The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations,
which vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services
are provided. Our objective is to reflect the appropriate trial expense in the financial statements by matching the appropriate
expenses with the period in which services and efforts are expended. As September 30, 2019, we had clinical accruals in the amount
of approximately $2.8 million.
Results
of Operations
Comparison
of nine month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
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|
Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
|
Increase (decrease)
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
436
|
|
|
$
|
444
|
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
(2
|
)%
|
Cost of revenues
|
|
|
(118
|
)
|
|
|
(188
|
)
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
(37
|
)%
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
318
|
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
24
|
%
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development, gross
|
|
|
13,156
|
|
|
|
14,702
|
|
|
$
|
(1,546
|
)
|
|
|
(11
|
)%
|
Government grants
|
|
|
(2,324
|
)
|
|
|
(1,910
|
)
|
|
|
(414
|
)
|
|
|
22
|
%
|
Research and development, net
|
|
|
10,832
|
|
|
|
12,792
|
|
|
|
(1,960
|
)
|
|
|
(15
|
)%
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
3,669
|
|
|
|
3,972
|
|
|
|
(303
|
)
|
|
|
(8
|
)%
|
Marketing
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
(575
|
)
|
|
|
(100
|
)%
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
14,183
|
|
|
|
17,083
|
|
|
|
(2,900
|
)
|
|
|
(17
|
)%
|
Financial income, net
|
|
|
(455
|
)
|
|
|
(498
|
)
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)%
|
Loss
|
|
$
|
13,728
|
|
|
$
|
16,585
|
|
|
$
|
(2,857
|
)
|
|
|
(17
|
)%
|
Revenues.
Revenues
for the period ended September 30, 2019 were $436 thousand, compared to $444 thousand for the Parallel Period in 2018, a
decrease of 2%.
The
Cost of Revenues for the period ended September 30, 2019 were $118 thousand, compared to $188 thousand for the parallel period.
The cost of revenues is attributed to the labor costs and other expenses related to the performance obligations that were delivered
during the period.
Research
and development expenses, net.
Research
and development expenses are shown net of IIA grants. Research and development expenses, net were approximately $10.8 million
for the Period, compared to approximately $12.8 million in the Parallel Period, a decrease of approximately $2.0 million or 15%.
The decrease in research and development expenses, net, in the Period was mainly related to the completion of the GLOBE study
(decrease of about $3.5 million); the one-time start-up expenses of $1.5 million for the large scale manufacturing activities
in the parallel period; the decrease in share based compensation of $1.0 million; and the increase in the IIA grant of
$0.5 million, mainly offset by the increase in the OVAL study activity of $4.1 million and the increase of $0.4 million
in depreciation.
General
and administrative expenses.
General
and administrative expenses for the Period were $3.7 million, compared to $3.9 million for the Parallel Period, a decrease of
$0.3 million or 8%. This decrease is mainly attributed to payroll related costs for management and directors share-based compensation
expense.
Marketing
expenses
No
marketing expenses in the Period ended September 30, 2019, in comparison to $0.6 million in the parallel period. The marketing
activity was put on hold due to the delay in the potential commercialization timeline for the VB-111 in rGBM.
Financial
expenses (income), net.
Financial
income, net for the Period were approximately $455 thousand, compared to approximately $498 thousand for the Parallel Period,
a decrease of $43 thousand or 9%. The decrease increase was primarily attributable to the new interest expense that is attributed
to the implementation of IFRS-16.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Since
inception, we have incurred significant losses. Our loss for the period was $13.7 million. For the years ended December 31,
2018 and 2017, our loss was $20.4 million and $10.1 million, respectively. We expect to continue to incur significant
expenses and losses for at least the next several years. As of September 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $202.4
million. Our losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year, depending on the timing of our
clinical trials, the receipt of payments under any future collaborations we may enter into, and our expenditures on other
research and development activities.
Funding
Requirements
At
September 30, 2019, we had cash, cash equivalents, short-term bank deposits and restricted bank deposit totaling $41.1 million
and working capital of $34.5 million. We expect that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term bank deposits will enable us to
fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for about two years. We are unable to estimate the amounts of
increased capital outlays and operating expenses associated with completing the development of VB-111 and our other product candidates.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
●
|
the
costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of VB-111 and any other product candidates we may pursue;
|
|
|
●
|
the
costs of future development activities, including clinical trials, for VB-111 and any other product candidates we may pursue;
|
|
|
●
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the
costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights
and defending intellectual property-related claims;
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|
|
●
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the
extent to which we acquire or in-license other products and technologies; and
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|
|
●
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our
ability to establish any future collaboration arrangements on favorable terms, if at all.
|
Until
such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination
of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. We do not have any committed
external source of funds.
Cash
Flows
The
following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below:
|
|
Period ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
Cash used in operating activities
|
|
$
|
(9,048
|
)
|
|
$
|
(12,683
|
)
|
Cash provided by investing activities
|
|
|
2,447
|
|
|
|
786
|
|
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities
|
|
|
(556
|
)
|
|
|
13,759
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
(7,157
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,862
|
|
Operating
Activities
Cash
used in operating activities for the Period was $9.0 million and consisted primarily of net loss of $13.7 million arising
primarily from research and development activities, partially offset by a net decrease in working capital of $1.6 million and
net aggregate non-cash charges of $2.6 million.
Cash
used in operating activities for the Parallel was $12.7 million and consisted primarily of net loss of $16.6 million arising
primarily from research and development activities in addition to a net increase in working capital of $0.4 million, partially
offset by a net aggregate non-cash charges of $3.8 million.
Investing
Activities
Net
cash provided by investing activities was $2.5 million for the Period. This was primarily due to maturation of short-term bank deposits of $39.0 million, offset by the investment of short-term bank deposits of $36.0 million.
Net
cash provided by investing activities for the Parallel Period was $0.8 million for the Period. This was primarily due to the maturation
of short-term bank deposits of $48.0 million, and offset by investing in short-term bank deposits of $45.0 million
and purchasing of property and equipment of $2.2 million.
Financing
Activities
Net cash used in financing
activities was $556 thousand for the Period compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $13.8
million for the Parallel Period. The decrease in the amount of $14.3 million was mainly due to receipt of $13.7
million from the issuance of ordinary shares per the closing of June 27, 2018 securities offering and an increase in
amount of $0.5 million related to lease payments under IFRS 16. Prior to January 1, 2019, all of the lease payments were
classified as operating cash flows.
Contractual
Obligations and Commitments
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments
outside the ordinary course of business.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
Since
our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC,
such as relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, which are often referred to as structured finance
or special purpose entities, established for the purpose of facilitating financing transactions that are not required to be reflected
on our statement of financial positions.
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary
course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes
in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of foreign currency exchange rates. Approximately
25% of our expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were denominated in New Israeli Shekels.
Changes of 5% in the US$/NIS exchange rate will increase or decrease the operation expenses by up to 1%.
Foreign
Currency Exchange Risk
Fluctuations
in exchange rates, especially the NIS against the U.S. dollar, may affect our results, as some of our assets are linked to NIS,
as are some of our liabilities. In addition, the fluctuation in the NIS exchange rate against the U.S. dollar may impact our results,
as a portion of our operating cost is NIS denominated.
Inflation
Risk
We
do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations in the last
two fiscal years. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset
such higher costs through hedging transactions. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
JOBS
Act
On
April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting
requirements for an “emerging growth company.” As an “emerging growth company,” we are electing to not
take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act for the implementation of new or revised accounting
standards, and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of
such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to not take
advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable. In addition,
we are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on the other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided
by the JOBS Act.
Exhibits
Exhibit
No.
|
|
Description
|
101.INS XBRL
|
|
Instance Document
|
101.SCH XBRL
|
|
Taxonomy Extension
Schema Document
|
101.CAL XBRL
|
|
Taxonomy Extension
Calculation Linkbase Document
|
101.DEF XBRL
|
|
Taxonomy Extension
Definition Linkbase Document
|
101.LAB XBRL
|
|
Taxonomy Extension
Label Linkbase Document
|
101.PRE XBRL
|
|
Taxonomy Extension
Presentation Linkbase Document
|