U.S. Government Urged to Boost Technology R&D
May 22 2019 - 4:41PM
Dow Jones News
By Angus Loten
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- The federal government needs to do more to
support the development of innovative technology as U.S.
productivity falls and foreign tech hubs gain clout, researchers at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said.
"Nobody other than the federal government has enough money in
their pockets to move the needle," said Simon Johnson, a former
chief economist at the International Monetary Fund who teaches
global economics and management at the MIT Sloan School of
Management.
Speaking to chief information officers and other senior
technology officials at the MIT Sloan CIO Symposium, Mr. Johnson
said the drop in federal research-and-development funding is one of
the key drivers behind declines in U.S. productivity growth, which
has averaged 1.3% a year for the past decade, down from 2.8% a year
in the decades before 1970.
The federal government spent $116 billion on R&D initiatives
in 2017, with about 40% going to defense, according to the
Congressional Budget Office. Overall federal R&D spending, at
0.7% of gross domestic product, is roughly half what it was in the
mid-1980s.
The CBO estimates that private-sector firms spent $333 billion
on R&D, or 67% of the national total, in 2015, based on the
most recent available data. The federal government provided 24%,
while universities, colleges and nonprofit organizations accounted
for the rest, the agency said.
Although the unemployment rate is historically low, data on new
job creation in industries fueled by R&D is disappointing, MIT
researchers said.
Jonathan Gruber, who teaches economics at MIT, said
private-sector firms are reluctant to fund R&D efforts that
don't have a potential for commercialization or an immediate return
on investment.
That means government support is crucial for yielding "spillover
benefits" of scientific research, he said.
Mr. Gruber said in the years after World War II, public-private
partnerships helped create such items as personal computers, radar
and GPS systems, and satellite television, among other innovative
tools.
These kinds of partnerships could be rekindled in a model where
"the government does the basic science, and the private sector does
the commercialization by bringing products to market," Mr. Johnson
added.
They said the government also has a role to play in expanding
technology beyond a half-dozen industry hubs, largely on the West
and East coasts, in part by funding R&D efforts by tech
startups located in other parts of the country.
The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a
Washington think tank, in March warned that proposed federal budget
cuts to R&D spending that the White House outlined would result
in "stagnant productivity growth, lagging competitiveness and
reduced innovation," citing increased research funding by China and
other global tech competitors.
Mr. Johnson and Mr. Gruber have proposed the creation of a
nonpartisan commission to identify policy options aimed at boosting
innovation through a more proactive approach by federal
lawmakers.
"People on the right and on the left are extremely interested in
this," Mr. Johnson said.
Write to Angus Loten at angus.loten@wsj.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
May 22, 2019 16:26 ET (20:26 GMT)
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