PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This
summary highlights selected information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. While this summary highlights what we consider
to be important information about us, you should carefully read this entire prospectus before investing in our common stock and
warrants, especially the risks and other information we discuss under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and our consolidated financial statements and related
notes beginning on page F-1. Our fiscal year end is December 31 and our fiscal years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 and our
fiscal year ending December 31, 2016 are sometimes referred to herein as fiscal years 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Some
of the statements made in this prospectus discuss future events and developments, including our future strategy and our ability
to generate revenue, income and cash flow. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties which could cause
actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in these forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements”. Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, the words “we,” “us,”
“our”, the “Company” or “our Company” and “Pressure Biosciences” refer to Pressure
Sciences, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation.
This
prospectus assumes the over-allotment option of the underwriters has not been exercised, unless otherwise indicated.
Overview
We
are focused on solving the challenging problems inherent in biological sample preparation, a crucial laboratory step performed
by scientists worldwide working in biological life sciences research. Sample preparation refers to a wide range of activities
that precede most forms of scientific analysis. Sample preparation is often complex, time-consuming and, in our belief, one of
the most error-prone steps of scientific research. It is a widely-used laboratory undertaking – the requirements of which
drive what we believe is a large and growing worldwide market. We have developed and patented a novel, enabling technology platform
that facilitates the sample preparation process. It is based on harnessing the unique properties of high hydrostatic pressure.
This process, called pressure cycling technology, or “
PCT
”, uses alternating cycles of hydrostatic pressure
between ambient and ultra-high levels i.e., 20,000 pounds per square inch (“
psi
”) or greater to safely, conveniently
and reproducibly control the actions of molecules in biological samples, such as cells and tissues from human, animal, plant and
microbial sources.
PCT
is an enabling platform technology based on a physical process that had not previously been used to control bio-molecular interactions.
PCT uses internally developed instrumentation that is capable of cycling pressure between ambient and ultra-high levels at controlled
temperatures and specific time intervals, to rapidly and repeatedly control the interactions of bio-molecules, such as proteins,
deoxyribonucleic acid (“
DNA
”), ribonucleic acid (“
RNA
”), lipids and small molecules. Our
laboratory instrument family, the Barocycler®
®
, and our internally developed consumables product line, which
include our unique MicroTubes, MicroCaps, MicroPestles, BaroFlex
TM
and PULSE® (Pressure Used to Lyse Samples for
Extraction) Tubes, and application specific kits (containing consumable products and reagents), together make up our PCT Sample
Preparation System (“
PCT SPS
”).
In
2015, together with an investment bank, we formed a subsidiary called Pressure BioSciences Europe (“PBI Europe”) in
Poland. We have 49% ownership interest with the investment bank retaining 51%. As of now, PBI Europe does not have any operating
activities but is expected to commence operations in 2016. Therefore, we don’t have control of the subsidiary and did not
consolidate in our financial statements. PBI Europe did not have any operations in 2015.
Patents
PBI
has 14 United States granted patents and 1 foreign granted patent (Japan: 5587770, EXTRACTION AND PARTITIONING OF MOLECULES) covering
multiple applications of PCT in the life sciences field. PBI also has 19 pending patents in the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia,
China, and Taiwan. PCT employs a unique approach that we believe has the potential for broad use in a number of established and
emerging life sciences areas, which include, but are not limited to:
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biological
sample preparation – including but not limited to sample extraction, homogenization, and digestion - in such study areas
as proteomics, genomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and small molecules;
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pathogen
inactivation;
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protein
purification;
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control
of chemical reactions, particularly enzymatic; and
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immunodiagnostics.
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We
are also the exclusive distributor, throughout the Americas, for Constant Systems, Ltd.’s (“
CS
”) cell
disruption equipment, parts, and consumables. CS, a British company located several hours northwest of London, England, has been
providing niche biomedical equipment, related consumable products, and services to a global client base since 1989. CS designs,
develops, and manufactures high pressure cell disruption equipment required by life sciences laboratories worldwide, particularly
disruption systems for the extraction of proteins. CS has over 900 units installed in over 40 countries worldwide. The CS cell
disruption equipment extracts cellular components from cell, such as protein from yeast, bacteria, mammalian cells, and other
sample types.
The
CS pressure-based cell disruption equipment and our PCT-based instrumentation complement each other in several important ways.
While both the CS and our technologies are based on high pressure, each product line has fundamental scientific capabilities that
the other does not offer. Our PCT Platform uses certain patented pressure mechanisms to achieve small-scale, molecular level effects.
CS’s technology uses different, proprietary pressure mechanisms for larger-scale, non-molecular level processing. In a number
of routine laboratory applications, such as protein extraction, both effects can be critical to success. Therefore, for protein
extraction and a number of other important scientific applications, we believe laboratories will benefit by using the CS and our
products, either separately or together.
Primary
Fields of Use and Applications for PCT
Sample
preparation is a precursor to research and discovery and sample extraction is generally regarded as one of the key parts of sample
preparation. The process of preparing samples for genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small molecule studies includes a crucial
step called sample extraction or sample disruption. This is the process of extracting biomolecules such as nucleic acid (i.e.,
DNA and/or RNA), proteins, lipids, or small molecules from the plant or animal cells and tissues that are being studied. Our current
commercialization efforts are based upon our belief that pressure cycling technology provides a superior solution for sample extraction
when compared to other available technologies or procedures and thus might significantly improve the quality of sample preparation,
and thus the quality of the test result.
Within
the broad field of biological sample preparation, in particular sample extraction, we focus the majority of our PCT and constant
pressure (“
CP
”) product development efforts in three specific areas: biomarker discovery (primarily through
mass spectrometric analysis), forensics and histology. We believe that our existing PCT and CP-based instrumentation and related
consumable products fill an important and growing need in the sample preparation market for the safe, rapid, versatile, reproducible
and quality extraction of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and small molecules from a wide variety of plant, animal, and microbiological
cells and tissues.
Biomarker
Discovery - Mass Spectrometry
A
biomarker is any substance (e.g., protein, DNA) that can be used as an indicator of the presence or absence of a particular disease-state
or condition, and/or to measure the progression and effects of therapy. Biomarkers can help in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy,
prevention, surveillance, control, and cure of diseases and medical conditions.
A
mass spectrometer is a laboratory instrument used in the analysis of biological samples, often focused on proteins, in life sciences
research. It is frequently used to help discover biomarkers. According to a recently published market report by Transparency Market
Research (www.transparencymarketresearch.com) “Spectrometry Market (Atomic, Molecular and Mass Spectrometry) - Global Scenario,
Trends, Industry Analysis, Size, Share & Forecast 2011 – 2017,
”
and recently updated in “Spectrometry
Market (Technologies - Atomic spectrometry, Molecular spectrometry, Mass spectrometry, Applications - Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology,
Industrial Chemistry, Environmental Testing, Food & Beverage Testing) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends
and Forecast, 2014 – 2020,” the global spectrometry market was worth $10.2 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach
$15.2 billion in 2017, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 6.9% from 2011 to 2017. In the overall global market, the North
American market is expected to maintain its lead position in terms of revenue till 2017 and is expected to have approximately
36.2% of the market revenue share in 2017, followed by Europe. We believe PCT and CP-based products offer significant advantages
in speed and quality compared with current techniques used in the preparation of samples for mass spectrometry analysis.
Forensics
The
detection of DNA has become a part of the analysis of forensic samples by laboratories and criminal justice agencies worldwide
in their efforts to identify the perpetrators of violent crimes and missing persons. Scientists from the University of North Texas
(UNT) and Florida International University (FIU) have reported improvements in DNA yield from forensic samples (e.g., bone and
hair) when using the PCT platform in the sample preparation process. Supporting data from the laboratory of Dr. Bruce Budowle
(UNT) as published in The International Journal of Legal Medicine. A copy of the paper may be accessed through our website: http://www.pressurebiosciences.com/documents/forensics
Pressure
cycling technology (PCT) reduces effects of inhibitors of the PCR
Pamela
L. Marshall & Jonathan L. King & Nathan P. Lawrence & Alexander Lazarev & Vera S. Gross & Bruce Budowle
We
also believe that there are many completed rape kits that remain untested for reasons such as cost, time and quality of results.
We further believe that the ability to differentially extract DNA from sperm and not epithelial cells could reduce the cost of
such testing, while increasing the quality, safety and speed of the testing process.
We
believe that PCT may be capable of differentially extracting DNA from sperm cells and female epithelial cells captured in swabs
collected from rape victims and subsequently stored in rape kits. Supporting data from the laboratory of Dr. Bruce McCord (FIU)
was published in Analytic and Bioanalytical Chemistry. A copy of the paper may be accessed through our website: http://www.pressurebiosciences.com/documents/forensics
The
application of alkaline lysis and pressure cycling technology in the differential extraction of DNA from sperm and epithelial
cells recovered from cotton swabs
Deepthi V. Nori1 & Bruce R. McCord1. Anal Bioanal Chem
DOI
10.1007/s00216-015-8737-8
Histology
The
most commonly used technique worldwide for the preservation of cancer and other tissues for subsequent pathology evaluation is
formalin-fixation followed by paraffin-embedding, or
FFPE
. We believe that the quality and analysis of FFPE tissues is
highly problematic, and that PCT offers significant advantages over current processing methods, including standardization, speed,
biomolecule recovery, and safety.
Company
Products
We
believe our PCT and CP products allow researchers to improve scientific research studies in the life sciences field. Our products
are developed with the expectation of meeting or exceeding the needs of research scientists while enhancing the safety, speed
and quality that is available to them with existing sample preparation methods.
Barocycler®
Instrumentation
Our
Barocycler® product line consists of laboratory instrumentation that subjects a sample to cycles of pressure from ambient
to ultra-high levels (20,000 psi or greater) and then back to ambient, in a precisely controlled manner.
Our
instruments (the Barocycler® 2320EXTREME (the “
2320EXT
”), the Barozyme-HT48, the Barocycler® NEP3229,
the HUB440 and the HUB880) use cycles of high, hydrostatic pressure to quickly and efficiently break up the cellular structures
of a specimen to release proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and small molecules from the specimen into our consumable processing
tubes, referred to as our PULSE® Tubes and MicroTubes. Our instruments have temperature control options (on-board heating
or chilling and heating via external circulating water-bath), automatic fill and dispensing valves, and an integrated micro-processor
keypad or a laptop computer. The microprocessor or laptop computer are capable of saving specific PCT protocols, so the researcher
can achieve maximum reproducibility for the preparation of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, or small molecules from various biological
samples. Our Barocycler® instruments and our consumable products make up our PCT Sample Preparation System.
Barocycler®
2320EXT
- The Barocycler® 2320EXT weighs approximately 80lbs, has a maximum pressure of 45,000 psi, and can process either
up to 16 MicroTubes simultaneously or 1 PULSE® Tube. The working temperature range is 4 – 95ºC and is controlled
via an on-board electric heating jacket or external circulating water bath. All tests are entered and recorded on a touch screen
interface. Information from each test runs (pressure profile, cycle number, and temperature) is recorded and can be stored on
the instrument, on a USB drive, or networked into the user’s lab. Pressure profiles can be manipulated in a number of ways,
including static high pressure holds and pressure ramp programs. The Barocycler® 2320EXT is pneumatic, and requires an input
air source of 100psi to reach and cycle at high pressure.
The
Barocycler® 2320EXT was developed to support the PCT-HD/PCT-SWATH application. PCT-HD enables faster, less cumbersome and
higher quality processing of biopsy tissues. With homogenization, extraction, and digestion of proteins occurring in a single
PCT MicroTube under high pressure. This protocol can yield analytical results in under 4 hours from the start of processing tissues.
PCT-HD was developed by our scientists and engineers in collaboration with Professor Ruedi Aebersold and Dr. Tiannan Guo of the
Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, and the University of Zurich, both in Zurich, Switzerland. Drs. Aebersold
and Guo combined PCT-HD with SCIEX’s SWATH-Mass Spectrometry – calling the resulting method “
PCT-SWATH
”.
Barocycler®
NEP3229
– The Barocycler® NEP3229 contains two units – a user interface and a power source – comprised
primarily of a 1.5 horsepower motor and pump assembly (hydraulic). Combined, the two components of the NEP3229 weigh approximately
350 pounds. The Barocycler® NEP3229 is capable of processing up to three samples simultaneously using our specially designed,
single-use PULSE® Tubes and up to 48 samples simultaneously using our specially-designed MicroTubes.
Barozyme
HT48
- The Barozyme HT48 is a high throughput, bench-top instrument designed for accelerated enzymatic digestion of proteins
at high pressure. A typical protein digestion time using the enzyme trypsin (a common yet important laboratory procedure) can
be reduced from often requiring an overnight incubation to get to completion to under one hour when the digestion procedure is
carried out under PCT. The Barozyme HT48 uses an air-pressure-to-liquid-pressure proprietary intensifier system, with a pressure
amplification ratio of 160:1, to reach an output pressure of 20,000 psi. The Barozyme HT48 is capable of processing up to 48 samples
at a time in six single-use BaroFlex 8-well Strips in the Barozyme Sample Carrier.
Barocycler®
HUB440
–We believe the Barocycler® HUB440 is the first portable, ready to use, “plug-and-play” high
pressure generator for the laboratory bench. The Barocycler® HUB440 is capable of creating and controlling hydrostatic pressure
from 500 psi to 58,000 psi. It is computer controlled and runs on software that was specially-written by us in LabVIEW (software
from National Instruments Corporation). We own the rights and have a license to use the specialty LabVIEW software. We believe
that over the coming years, the Barocycler® HUB440 may become the main instrument in our pressure-based instrument line.
Barocycler®
HUB880
- The Barocycler® HUB880 is one of our new instruments; it is expected to be available for sale during the first
six months of 2017. It is a compact, portable, bench-top, ultra-high pressure generator that uses an air pressure-to-liquid pressure
intensifier allowing the user to generate fluid pressure as high as 90,000 psi with input air pressure of just 126 psi. The HUB880
can be operated through a simple front panel or controlled using an optional external Data Acquisition and Control Module for
dynamic pressure control. We believe that the HUB880 will be well accepted by scientists that need to achieve super high pressure,
such as those working in the food safety and vaccine industries.
The
Shredder SG3
–
The Shredder SG3 is a low shear mechanical homogenization system for use with tough, fibrous and
other difficult-to-disrupt tissues and organisms. The Shredder SG3 System uses a variety of Shredder PULSE® Tubes to directly
and rapidly grind a biological sample which, when combined with selected buffers, can provide effective extraction of proteins,
DNA, RNA, lipids and small molecules from tissues and organisms. The Shredder SG3 is also used to isolate intact and functional
mitochondria from tissues. The Shredder SG3 features a three position force setting lever, which enables the operator to select
and apply reproducible force to the sample during the shredding process and eliminates the need for the operator to exert force
for long periods when processing one or more samples.
Barocycler®
Consumable Products
PCT
MicroTubes –
PCT
MicroTubes are made from a unique fluoropolymer, fluorinated
ethylene propylene (FEP). FEP is highly inert and retains its integrity within an extremely wide temperature range (-200
o
C
to +100
o
C). MicroTubes hold a maximum total volume of 150 microliters. PCT MicroTubes must be used with either PCT-MicroCaps
or PCT-MicroPestles.
PCT-MicroCaps
–
PCT
MicroCaps are made from polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE). The PCT MicroCaps
are available in three sizes to accommodate total sample volume: 50, 100 and 150uL. 50uL MicroCaps are used with samples ≤50uL,
100uL MicroCaps are used with samples between 50-100uL, and 150uL MicroCaps are used with samples between 100-150uL.
PCT-Micro-Pestle
(“
μPestles
”)
- PCT μPestles are made from Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a synthetic fluoropolymer
of tetrafluoroethylene, also known as Teflon (by DuPont Co). PTFE is practically inert; the only chemicals known to affect it
are certain alkali metals and most highly-reactive fluorinating agents. PCT μPestles, in conjunction with PCT MicroTubes, are
designed to enhance the extraction of protein, DNA, RNA and small molecules from minute amounts (0.5 – 3.0 mg) of solid
tissue in extraction reagent volumes as low as 20-30 μL. PCT MicroTubes and PCT μPestles use Pressure Cycling Technology
(PCT) to effectively disrupt soft tissues and lyse their cells. As a result, the tissue sample trapped between the MicroTube end
and the μPestles tip is crushed on every pressure cycle. This mechanical action, combined with the extraction ability of the
buffer under high pressure, results in highly effective tissue homogenization and extraction.
PCT
μPestles and PCT MicroTubes, together with a PBI Barocycler®, comprise the PCT Micro-Pestle System, which provides a fast,
safe, and efficient means of extraction from extremely small amounts of solid samples such as soft animal tissues or biopsies.
The PCT μPestle System can be used in any PBI Barocycler®.
BaroFlex
8-well Processing Strips
- BaroFlex 8-well Strips are used in the Barozyme HT48 (for pressure-enhanced enzymatic digestion
at 20,000 psi). BaroFlex 8-well Strips are made of special high density polyethylene (HDPE) and hold up to 140µl when capped
with the BaroFlex Cap Strips or Mats. BaroFlex 8-Cap Strips and BaroFlex 24-Cap Mats are made of silicone. These single-use caps
are designed to seal BaroFlex 8-well Strips tightly and to prevent fluid exchange between the sample and the Barozyme chamber
fluid during pressure cycling. The silicone caps are available as strips of 8, or mats of 24 caps.
We
believe our development of these various consumable products has helped, and will continue to help, drive the adoption of PCT
within the life sciences market.
Customers
Our
customers include researchers at academic laboratories, government agencies, biotechnology companies, pharmaceutical companies
and other life science institutions in the United States, Europe, and in Asia. Our goal is to continue aggressive market penetration
in these target groups. We also believe that there is a significant opportunity to sell and/or lease additional Barocycler®
instrumentation to additional laboratories at current customer institutions.
If
we are successful in commercializing PCT in applications beyond our current focus area of genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small
molecule sample preparation, and if we are successful in our attempts to attract additional capital, our potential customer base
could expand to include hospitals, reference laboratories, pharmaceutical manufacturing plants and other sites involved in each
specific application. If we are successful in forensics, our potential customers could be forensic laboratories, military and
other government agencies. If we are successful in histology (extraction of biomolecules from FFPE tissues), our potential customers
could be pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and laboratories focused on drug discovery or correlation of disease states.
Growth
Strategy
Our
growth strategy includes:
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Expanding
our United States salesforce.
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Aggressively
promoting the PCT-HD System, which includes the Barocycler® 2320EXT, MicroTube System, and MicroPestles.
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Expanding
our number of International Distributers.
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Actively
promoting our other Barocycler® products, accessories, and consumables, including but not limited to, the Barozyme, the
HUB440, and HUB880.
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Development
of new applications for the Barocycler® 2320EXT, such as, but not limited to, clinical applications.
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Development
of new high-pressure applications for industries outside of biotechnology, such as, but not limited to, food science.
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Development
of new high-pressure instruments, devices, and consumables to meet the growing demand for pressure-based technology.
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Competitive
Advantages/Operational Strengths
Our
platforms are based on our patented and proprietary Pressure Cycling Technology (PCT). We believe the PCT platform provides distinct
and important competitive advantages over other sample preparation methods, as it:
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is
proprietary to PBI
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has
been shown to extract more classes of proteins from tissues and cells than many other current sample, preparation methods.
This claim is supported by several publications and presentations, most notably by Dr. R. Aebersold, Professor at the Institute
of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH-Zurich. Dr. Aebersold’s publications include:
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Stratification
of Histologically Indistinguishable Prostate Cancer Tissue Biopsy Samples Using Quantitative Proteotypes Obtained by PCT-SWATH
Tiannan
Guo
1
; Li Li
2
; Ulrich Wagner
3
; Qing Zhong
3,
et al.
1:Dep
Biol, Inst Mol Sys Biol, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2:CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 3:Institute of Surgical
Pathology, University Hospit, Zürich, Switzerland; 4:Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Hands
Free Sample Homogenization and Protein Extraction from Small Tissue Biopsy Using Pressure Cycling Technology and MicroPestle
Shiying
Shao
1,2
; Vera Gross
3
; Wen Yan
1,2
; Tiannan Guo
2
; Alexander Lazarev
3
; Ruedi
Aebersold
1,4
1:Institute
of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland; 2:Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China; 3:Pressure
BioSciences, Inc., South Easton, MA; 4:University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Mass
Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Quest for Diabetes Biomarkers
Shiying
Shao
a,b
; Tiannan Guo
b
; Ruedi Aebersold
b,c
a:Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong
University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China; b:Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology,
ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 16, 8093, Switzerland; c: Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Biochimica
et Biophysica Acta 1854 (2015) 519-527
The
above publications, as well as additional publications by Dr. Aebersold and the publications of other scientist, may be found
on our website, specifically under:
http://www.pressurebiosciences.com/documents/pct-hd-pct-swath.
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can
accelerate enzymatic digestion of proteins for analysis by mass spectrometry from overnight to under an hour. The claim is
supported by several experiments. For example, Dr. A. Ivanov published “Proteomics under Pressure: Development of Essential
Sample Preparation Techniques in Proteomics Using Ultrahigh Hydrostatic Pressure, while at Harvard School of Public Health.
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Proteomics
under Pressure: Development of Essential Sample Preparation Techniques in Proteomics Using Ultrahigh Hydrostatic Pressure
Emily
Freeman and Alexander R. Ivanov
J.
Proteome Res.
,
2011
,
10
(12), pp 5536–5546
Dr.
Ivanov and other scientists’ publications demonstrating that pressure can acceleration enzymatic digestion may be found
under our website, specifically under:
http://www.pressurebiosciences.com/documents/pressure-enhanced-enzymology
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enables
efficient sample prep workflows for processing minute amounts of tissue with excellent yields and reproducibility for researchers
in the growing precision and translational medicine fields.
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Our
Risks and Challenges
An
investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk including risks related to the following:
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We
have received an opinion from our independent registered public accounting firm expressing substantial doubt regarding our
ability to continue as a going concern.
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We
have a history of operating losses, anticipate future losses and may never be profitable.
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We
may be unable to obtain market acceptance of our pressure cycling technology products and services.
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The
sales cycle of our pressure cycling technology products is lengthy. We have incurred and may continue to incur significant
expenses and we may not generate any significant revenue related to those products.
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Our
reliance on a single third party for all of our manufacturing, and certain of our engineering, and other related services
could harm our business.
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Our
instrumentation operates at high pressures and may therefore become subject to certain regulations in the European Community.
Regulation of high pressure equipment may limit or hinder our development and sale of future instrumentation.
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We
expect that we will be subject to regulation in the United States, such as the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”),
and overseas, if and when we begin to invest more resources in the development and commercialization of PCT in applications
outside of sample preparation for the research field.
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Recent
Developments
We
reported a number of accomplishments in 2016:
On
January 12, 2016 SCIEX, a global leader in life science analytical technologies (Framingham, MA) and a wholly-owned subsidiary
of Danaher Corporation (NYSE: DHR), announced an exclusive co-marketing agreement with us to improve protein quantification in
complex samples.
On
February 3, 2016 SCIEX and Children’s Medical Research Institute (Sydney, Australia) announced they had joined forces to
advance the promise of precision medicine. The partners stated they would benefit from SCIEX’s exclusive collaborators,
including Pressure BioSciences, and our PCT platform for increased protein quantitation and reproducibility.
On
March 31, 2016, in connection with the seventh and final closing (the
“Final Closing
”) of a private placement
equity financing pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, dated as of March 10, 2016, March 17, 2016, March 24, 2016 and March
31, 2016 by and among us and various individuals (each, a “
Purchaser
” and together “
Purchasers
”),
including all five members of our Board of Directors, we sold and issued to the Purchasers Senior Secured Convertible Debentures
(the “
Debentures
”) and warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 50% of the number of shares issuable
pursuant to the subscription amount (the “
Warrants
”) for an aggregate purchase price of $769,667 (the “
Purchase
Price
”) for the Final Closing, bringing the total raised in the Offering to $6,329,667. For the Final Closing, we netted
$719,167 in cash after taking into account fees related to the offering. Of this amount, an aggregate of $164,667 was invested
by the five members of our Board of Directors. For the entire private placement offering, we netted an aggregate of $5,101,049
in cash in the aggregate.
On
July 13, 2016, we announced the unveiling of the newest addition to our product line based on our powerful PCT platform, the 2320EXT.
The product unveiling took place during the recent annual conference of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (“
ASMS
”)
in San Antonio, Texas.
On
July 21, 2016, we announced the initial shipment of our 2320EXT instrument to an Australian cancer research group (ProCan) named
by the White House as a collaborator in the U.S.’s “Cancer Moonshot” initiative.
On
October 28, 2016, an accredited investor (the “
Investor
”) purchased from us a promissory note in the aggregate
principal amount of up to $2,000,000 (the “
Revolving Note
”) due and payable on the earlier of October 28, 2017
(the “
Maturity Date
”) or on the seventh business day after the closing of a Qualified Offering (as defined
in the Revolving Note). Although the Revolving Note is dated October 26, 2016, the transaction did not close until October 28,
2016, when we received its initial $250,000 advance pursuant to the Revolving Note. As a result, on the same day and pursuant
to the Revolving Note, we issued to the Investor a Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of our common stock
at an exercise price per share equal to $0.40 per share. The Investor is obligated to provide us with advances of $250,000 under
the Revolving Note, but the Investor shall not be required to advance more than $250,000 in any individual fifteen (15) day period
and no more than $500,000 in the thirty (30) day period immediately following the date of the initial advance. Notwithstanding
the fifteen (15) day period limitation, on November 2, 2016, and on November 23, 2016, we received a second and a third $250,000
advance pursuant to the Revolving Note and we issued to the Investor an additional warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of our Common
Stock. The terms of the First, Second, and Third Warrants are identical except for the exercise date, issue date, and termination
date. Interest on the principal balance of the Revolving Note shall be paid in full on the Maturity Date, unless otherwise paid
prior to the Maturity Date.
Corporate
Information
We
were incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in August 1978 as Boston Biomedica, Inc. In September 2004, we completed
the sale of Boston Biomedica’s core business units and began to focus exclusively on the development and commercialization
of the PCT platform. Following this change in business strategy, we changed our legal name from Boston Biomedica, Inc. to Pressure
BioSciences, Inc. (“
PBI
”). We began operations as PBI in February 2005, research and development activities
in April 2006, early marketing and selling activities of our Barocycler® instruments in late 2007, and active marketing and
selling of our PCT-based instrument platform in 2012.
RISK
FACTORS
Investing
in our securities involves a great deal of risk. Careful consideration should be made of the following factors as well as other
information included in this prospectus before deciding to purchase our securities. There are many risks that affect our business
and results of operations, some of which are beyond our control. Our business, financial condition or operating results could
be materially harmed by any of these risks. This could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, and you may lose
all or part of your investment. Additional risks that we do not yet know of or that we currently think are immaterial may also
affect our business and results of operations.
Risks
Related To Our COMPANY
We
have received an opinion from our independent registered public accounting firm expressing substantial doubt regarding our ability
to continue as a going concern.
The
audit report issued by our independent registered public accounting firm on our audited consolidated financial statements for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 contains an explanatory paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.
The audit report states that our auditing firm has substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern due to the
risk that we may not have sufficient cash and liquid assets at December 31, 2015 to cover our operating and capital requirements
for the next twelve-month period; and if sufficient cash cannot be obtained, we would have to substantially alter, or possibly
even discontinue, operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result
from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Management
has developed a plan to continue operations. This plan includes continued control of expenses and obtaining equity or debt financing.
Although we have successfully completed equity financings and reduced expenses in the past, we cannot assure you that our plans
to address these matters in the future will be successful.
The
factors described above could adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all, and may
cause investors to have reservations about our long-term prospects, and may adversely affect our relationships with customers.
There can be no assurance that our auditing firm will not issue the same opinion in the future. If we cannot successfully continue
as a going concern, our stockholders may lose their entire investment.
Our
revenue is dependent upon acceptance of our products by the market. The failure of such acceptance will cause us to curtail or
cease operations.
Our
revenue comes from the sale of our products. As a result, we will continue to incur operating losses until such time as sales
of our products reach a mature level and we are able to generate sufficient revenue from the sale of our products to meet our
operating expenses. There can be no assurance that customers will adopt our technology and products, or that businesses and prospective
customers will agree to pay for our products. In the event that we are not able to significantly increase the number of customers
that purchase our products, or if we are unable to charge the necessary prices, our financial condition and results of operations
will be materially and adversely affected.
Our
business could be adversely affected if we fail to implement and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal
control over financial reporting.
We
concluded that as of December 31, 2015, our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting
were not effective. We have determined that we have limited resources for adequate personnel to prepare and file reports under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within the required time periods and that material weaknesses in our internal control over
financial reporting exist relating to our accounting for complex equity transactions. If we are unable to implement and maintain
effective disclosure controls and procedures and remediate the material weaknesses in a timely manner, or if we identify other
material weaknesses in the future, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements and public reports could be
impaired, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. We identified a lack of sufficient segregation of
duties. Specifically, this material weakness is such that the design over these areas relies primarily on detective controls and
could be strengthened by adding preventive controls to properly safeguard assets. In addition, investors may lose confidence in
our reported information and the market price of our common stock may decline.
We
have a history of operating losses, anticipate future losses and may never be profitable.
We
have experienced significant operating losses in each period since we began investing resources in PCT and CP. These losses have
resulted principally from research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses associated with
the development of our PCT business. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a net loss applicable to common
shareholders of $5,933,768, or ($0.23) per share, as compared with $3,451,928, or ($0.17) per share, of the corresponding period
in 2015. We expect to continue to incur operating losses until sales of PCT and CP products increase substantially. We cannot
be certain when, if ever, we will become profitable. Even if we were to become profitable, we might not be able to sustain such
profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
If
we are unable to obtain additional financing, business operations will be harmed and if we do obtain additional financing then
existing shareholders may suffer substantial dilution.
We
need substantial capital to implement our sales distribution strategy for our current products and to develop and commercialize
future products using our pressure cycling technology products and services in the sample preparation area, as well as for applications
in other areas of life sciences. Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:
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the
problems, delays, expenses, and complications frequently encountered by early-stage companies;
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market
acceptance of our pressure cycling technology products and services for sample preparation;
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the
success of our sales and marketing programs; and
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changes
in economic, regulatory or competitive conditions in the markets we intend to serve.
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We
expect the net proceeds from this offering, along with our current cash position, will enable us to fund our operating expenses
and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 24 months. Thereafter, unless we achieve profitability, we anticipate
that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations and to otherwise implement our overall business strategy.
We currently do not have any contracts or commitments for additional financing. There can be no assurance that financing will
be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any additional equity financing may involve substantial dilution
to then existing shareholders.
If
adequate funds are not available or if we fail to obtain acceptable additional financing, we may be required to:
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severely
limit or cease our operations or otherwise reduce planned expenditures and forego other business opportunities, which could
harm our business;
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obtain
financing with terms that may have the effect of substantially diluting or adversely affecting the holdings or the rights
of the holders of our capital stock; or
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obtain
funds through arrangements with future collaboration partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to some or
all of our technologies or products.
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Our
financial results depend on revenues from our pressure cycling technology products and services, and from government grants.
We
currently rely on revenues from PCT and CP technology products and services in the sample preparation area and from revenues derived
from grants awarded to us by governmental agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health. We have been unable to achieve
market acceptance of our product offerings to the extent necessary to achieve significant revenue. Competition for government
grants is very intense, and we can provide no assurance that we will continue to be awarded grants in the future. If we are unable
to increase revenues from sales of our pressure cycling technology products and services and government grants, our business will
fail.
We
may be unable to obtain market acceptance of our pressure cycling technology products and services.
Many
of our initial sales of our pressure cycling technology products and services have been to our collaborators, following their
use of our products in studies undertaken in sample preparation for genomics, proteomics and small molecules studies. Later sales
have been to key opinion leaders. Our technology requires scientists and researchers to adopt a method of sample extraction that
is different than existing techniques. Our PCT sample preparation system is also more costly than existing techniques. Our ability
to obtain market acceptance will depend, in part, on our ability to demonstrate to our potential customers that the benefits and
advantages of our technology outweigh the increased cost of our technology compared with existing methods of sample extraction.
If we are unable to demonstrate the benefits and advantages of our products and technology as compared with existing technologies,
we will not gain market acceptance and our business will fail.
Our
business may be harmed if we encounter problems, delays, expenses, and complications that often affect companies that have not
achieved significant market acceptance.
Our
pressure cycling technology business continues to face challenges in achieving market acceptance. If we encounter problems, delays,
expenses and complications, many of which may be beyond our control or may harm our business or prospects. These include:
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availability
of adequate financing;
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unanticipated
problems and costs relating to the development, testing, production, marketing, and sale of our products;
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delays
and costs associated with our ability to attract and retain key personnel; and
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competition.
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The
sales cycle of our pressure cycling technology products is lengthy. We have incurred and may continue to incur significant expenses
and we may not generate any significant revenue related to those products.
Many
of our current and potential customers have required between three and six months or more to test and evaluate our pressure cycling
technology products. This increases the possibility that a customer may decide to cancel its order or otherwise change its plans,
which could reduce or eliminate our sales to that potential customer. As a result of this lengthy sales cycle, we have incurred
and may continue to incur significant research and development, selling and marketing, and general and administrative expense
related to customers from whom we have not yet generated any revenue from our products, and from whom we may never generate the
anticipated revenue if a customer is not satisfied with the results of the evaluation of our products or if a customer cancels
or changes its plans.
Our
business could be harmed if our products contain undetected errors or defects.
We
are continuously developing new and improving our existing, pressure cycling technology products in sample preparation and we
expect to do so in other areas of life sciences depending upon the availability of our resources. Newly introduced products can
contain undetected errors or defects. In addition, these products may not meet their performance specifications under all conditions
or for all applications. If, despite internal testing and testing by our collaborators, any of our products contain errors or
defects or fail to meet customer specifications, then we may be required to enhance or improve those products or technologies.
We may not be able to do so on a timely basis, if at all, and may only be able to do so at considerable expense. In addition,
any significant reliability problems could result in adverse customer reaction, negative publicity or legal claims and could harm
our business and prospects.
Our
success may depend on our ability to manage growth effectively.
Our
failure to manage growth effectively could harm our business and prospects. Given our limited resources and personnel, growth
of our business could place significant strain on our management, information technology systems, sources of manufacturing capacity
and other resources. To properly manage our growth, we may need to hire additional employees and identify new sources of manufacturing
capabilities. Failure to effectively manage our growth could make it difficult to manufacture our products and fill orders, as
well as lead to declines in product quality or increased costs, any of which would adversely impact our business and results of
operations.
Our
success is substantially dependent on the continued service of our senior management.
Our
success is substantially dependent on the continued service of our senior management, specifically our Chief Executive Officer,
Richard Schumacher. The loss of the services of any of our senior management has made, and could make it more difficult to successfully
operate our business and achieve our business goals. In addition, our failure to retain existing engineering, research and development
and sales personnel could harm our product development capabilities and customer and employee relationships, delay the growth
of sales of our products and could result in the loss of key information, expertise or know-how.
We
may not be able to hire or retain the number of qualified personnel, particularly engineering and sales personnel, required for
our business, which would harm the development and sales of our products and limit our ability to grow.
Competition
in our industry for senior management, technical, sales, marketing, finance and other key personnel is intense. If we are unable
to retain our existing personnel, or attract and train additional qualified personnel, either because of competition in our industry
for such personnel or because of insufficient financial resources, our growth may be limited. Our success also depends in particular
on our ability to identify, hire, train and retain qualified engineering and sales personnel with experience in design, development
and sales of laboratory equipment.
Our
reliance on a single third party for all of our manufacturing, and certain of our engineering, and other related services could
harm our business.
We
currently solely rely on CBM Industries, a third party contract manufacturer, to manufacture our PCT instrumentation, provide
manufacturing expertise, and manage the majority of our sub-contractor supplier relationships. Because of our dependence on one
manufacturer, our success will depend, in part, on the ability of CBM to manufacture our products cost effectively, in sufficient
quantities to meet our customer demand, if and when such demand occurs, and meeting our quality requirements. If CBM experiences
manufacturing problems or delays, or if CBM decides not to continue to provide us with these services, our business may be harmed.
While we believe other contract manufacturers are available to address our manufacturing and engineering needs, if we find it
necessary to replace CBM, there will be a disruption in our business and we would incur additional costs and delays that would
harm our business.
Our
failure to manage current or future alliances or joint ventures effectively may harm our business.
We
have entered into business relationships with four distribution partners and one co-marketing partner, and we may enter into additional
alliances, joint ventures or other business relationships to further develop, market and sell our pressure cycling technology
product line. We may not be able to:
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identify
appropriate candidates for alliances, joint ventures or other business relationships;
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assure
that any candidate for an alliance, joint venture or business relationship will provide us with the support anticipated;
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successfully
negotiate an alliance, joint venture or business relationship on terms that are advantageous to us; or
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successfully
manage any alliance or joint venture.
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Furthermore,
any alliance, joint venture or other business relationship may divert management time and resources. Entering into a disadvantageous
alliance, joint venture or business relationship, failing to manage an alliance, joint venture or business relationship effectively,
or failing to comply with any obligations in connection therewith, could harm our business and prospects.
We
may not be successful in growing our international sales.
We
cannot guarantee that we will successfully develop our international sales channels to enable us to generate significant revenue
from international sales. We currently have four international distribution agreements that cover 27 countries in Europe, Asia
and Australia. We have generated limited sales to date from international sales and cannot guarantee that we will be able to increase
our sales. As we expand, our international operations may be subject to numerous risks and challenges, including:
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multiple,
conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations, including those that regulate high pressure equipment;
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reduced
protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
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protectionist
laws and business practices that favor local companies;
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political
and economic changes and disruptions;
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export
and import controls;
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tariff
regulations; and
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currency
fluctuations.
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Our
operating results are subject to quarterly variation. Our operating results may fluctuate significantly from period to period
depending on a variety of factors, including but not limited to the following:
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our
ability to increase our sales of our pressure cycling technology products for sample preparation on a consistent quarterly
or annual basis;
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the
lengthy sales cycle for our products;
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the
product mix of the Barocycler® instruments we install in a given period, and whether the installations are completed pursuant
to sales, rental or lease arrangements, and the average selling prices that we are able to command for our products;
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our
ability to manage our costs and expenses;
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our
ability to continue our research and development activities without incurring unexpected costs and expenses; and
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our
ability to comply with state and federal regulations without incurring unexpected costs and expenses.
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Our
instrumentation operates at high pressures and may therefore become subject to certain regulations in the European Community.
Regulation of high pressure equipment may limit or hinder our development and sale of future instrumentation.
Our
Barocycler® instruments operate at high pressures. If our Barocycler® instruments exceed certain pressure levels, our
products may become subject to the European Pressure Equipment Directive, which requires certain pressure equipment meet certain
quality and safety standards. We do not believe that we are subject to this directive because our Barocycler® instruments
are currently below the threshold documented in the text of the directive. If our interpretation were to be challenged, we could
incur significant costs defending the challenge, and we could face production and selling delays, all of which could harm our
business.
We
expect that we will be subject to regulation in the United States, such as by the Food and Drug Administration, and overseas,
if and when we begin to invest more resources in the development and commercialization of PCT in applications outside of sample
preparation for the research field.
Our
current pressure cycling technology products in the area of sample preparation for the research field are not regulated by the
FDA. Certain applications in which we intend to develop and commercialize pressure cycling technology, such as protein purification,
pathogen inactivation and immunodiagnostics, are expected to require regulatory approvals or clearances from regulatory agencies,
such as the FDA, prior to commercialization, when we expand our commercialization activities outside of the research field. We
expect that obtaining these approvals or clearances will require a significant investment of time and capital resources and there
can be no assurance that such investments will receive approvals or clearances that would allow us to commercialize the technology
for these applications.
If
we are unable to protect our patents and other proprietary technology relating to our pressure cycling technology products, our
business will be harmed.
Our
ability to further develop and successfully commercialize our products will depend, in part, on our ability to enforce our patents,
preserve our trade secrets, and operate without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. PBI has 14 United States granted
patents and 1 foreign granted patent (Japan: 5587770, EXTRACTION AND PARTITIONING OF MOLECULES) covering multiple applications
of PCT in the life sciences field. The patents expire between 2017 and 2032. PBI also has 19 pending patents in the USA, Canada,
Europe, Australia, China, and Taiwan. There can be no assurance that (a) any patent applications filed by us will result in issued
patents; (b) patent protection will be secured for any particular technology; (c) any patents that have been or may be issued
to us will be valid or enforceable; (d) any patents will provide meaningful protection to us; (e) others will not be able to design
around our patents; and (f) our patents will provide a competitive advantage or have commercial value. The failure to obtain adequate
patent protection would have a material adverse effect on us and may adversely affect our ability to enter into, or affect the
terms of, any arrangement for the marketing or sale of any product.
Our
patents may be challenged by others.
We
could incur substantial costs in patent proceedings, including interference proceedings before the United States Patent and Trademark
Office, and comparable proceedings before similar agencies in other countries, in connection with any claims that may arise in
the future. These proceedings could result in adverse decisions about the patentability of our inventions and products, as well
as about the enforceability, validity, or scope of protection afforded by the patents.
If
we are unable to maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets and proprietary knowledge, others may develop technology and
products that could prevent the successful commercialization of our products.
We
rely on trade secrets and other unpatented proprietary information in our product development activities. To the extent we rely
on trade secrets and unpatented know-how to maintain our competitive technological position, there can be no assurance that others
may not independently develop the same or similar technologies. We seek to protect our trade secrets and proprietary knowledge,
in part, through confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, advisors and contractors. These agreements may not
be sufficient to effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information and may not provide us with an adequate remedy
in the event of unauthorized disclosure of such information. If our employees, consultants, advisors, or contractors develop inventions
or processes independently that may be applicable to our products, disputes may arise about ownership of proprietary rights to
those inventions and processes. Such inventions and processes will not necessarily become our property, but may remain the property
of those persons or their employers. Protracted and costly litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of
our proprietary rights. Failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection, for any reason, could harm our business.
If
we infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, our business may be harmed.
It
is possible that the manufacture, use or sale of our pressure cycling technology products or services may infringe patent or other
intellectual property rights of others. We may be unable to avoid infringement of the patent or other intellectual property rights
of others and may be required to seek a license, defend an infringement action, or challenge the validity of the patents or other
intellectual property rights in court. We may be unable to secure a license on terms and conditions acceptable to us, if at all.
Also, we may not prevail in any patent or other intellectual property rights litigation. Patent or other intellectual property
rights litigation is costly and time-consuming, and there can be no assurance that we will have sufficient resources to bring
any possible litigation related to such infringement to a successful conclusion. If we do not obtain a license under such patents
or other intellectual property rights, or if we are found liable for infringement, or if we are unsuccessful in having such patents
declared invalid, we may be liable for significant monetary damages, may encounter significant delays in successfully commercializing
and developing our pressure cycling technology products, or may be precluded from participating in the manufacture, use, or sale
of our pressure cycling technology products or services requiring such licenses.
We
may be unable to adequately respond to rapid changes in technology and the development of new industry standards
.
The
introduction of products and services embodying new technology and the emergence of new industry standards may render our existing
pressure cycling technology products and related services obsolete and unmarketable if we are unable to adapt to change. We may
be unable to allocate the funds necessary to improve our current products or introduce new products to address our customers’
needs and respond to technological change. In the event that other companies develop more technologically advanced products, our
competitive position relative to such companies would be harmed.
We
may not be able to compete successfully with others that are developing or have developed competitive technologies and products.
A
number of companies have developed, or are expected to develop, products that compete or will compete with our products. We compete
with companies that have existing technologies for the extraction of nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules from cells and
tissues, including but not limited to methods such as mortar and pestle, sonication, rotor-stator homogenization, French press,
bead beating, freezer milling, enzymatic digestion, and chemical dissolution.
We
are aware that there are additional companies pursuing new technologies with similar goals to the products developed or being
developed by us. Some of the companies with which we now compete, or may compete in the future, have or may have more extensive
research, marketing, and manufacturing capabilities, more experience in genomics and proteomics sample preparation, protein purification,
pathogen inactivation, immunodiagnostics, and DNA sequencing and significantly greater technical, personnel and financial resources
than we do, and may be better positioned to continue to improve their technology to compete in an evolving industry. To compete,
we must be able to demonstrate to potential customers that our products provide improved performance and capabilities. Our failure
to compete successfully could harm our business and prospects.
We
will need to increase the size of our organization, and may experience difficulties in managing growth.
We
are a small company with a minimal number of employees. We expect to experience a period of expansion in headcount, facilities,
infrastructure and overhead and anticipate that further expansion will be required to address potential growth and market opportunities.
Future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to identify, recruit,
maintain and integrate new managers. Our future financial performance and its ability to compete effectively will depend, in part,
on its ability to manage any future growth effectively.
Provisions
in our articles of organization and bylaws may discourage or frustrate stockholders’ attempts to remove or replace our current
management.
Our
articles of organization and bylaws contain provisions that may make it more difficult or discourage changes in our management
that our stockholders may consider to be favorable. These provisions include:
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a
classified board of directors;
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advance
notice for stockholder nominations to the board of directors;
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limitations
on the ability of stockholders to remove directors; and
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a
provision that allows a majority of the directors to fill vacancies on the board of directors.
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These
provisions could prevent or frustrate attempts to make changes in our management that our stockholders consider to be beneficial
and could limit the price that our stockholders might receive in the future for shares of our common stock.
The
costs of compliance with the reporting obligations of the Exchange Act, and with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, may place a strain on our limited resources and our management’s
attention may be diverted from other business concerns.
As
a result of the regulatory requirements applicable to public companies, we incur legal, accounting, and other expenses that are
significant in relation to the size of our Company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street
Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and OTC Markets Group, Inc., have required
changes in corporate governance and financial disclosure practices of public companies, some of which are currently applicable
to us and others will or may become applicable to us in the future. These rules and regulations have increased and will continue
to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and may make some activities more time-consuming. These requirements have
placed and will continue to place a strain on our systems and on our management and financial resources.
Certain
of our net deferred tax assets could be substantially limited if we experience an ownership change as defined in the Internal
Revenue Code.
Certain
of our net operating losses (“
NOLs
”) give rise to net deferred tax assets. Our ability to utilize NOLs and
to offset our future taxable income and/or to recover previously paid taxes would be limited if we were to undergo an “ownership
change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “
Code
”). In general, an “ownership
change” occurs whenever the percentage of the stock of a corporation owned by “5 percent shareholders,” within
the meaning of Section 382 of the Code, increases by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of the stock of
such corporation owned by such “5 percent shareholders” at any time over the preceding three years.
An
ownership change under Section 382 of the Code would establish an annual limitation on the amount of NOLs we could utilize to
offset our taxable income in any single taxable year to an amount equal to (i) the product of a specified rate, which is published
by the U.S. Treasury, and the aggregate value of our outstanding stock plus; and (ii) the amount of unutilized limitation from
prior years. The application of these limitations might prevent full utilization of the deferred tax assets attributable to our
NOLs. We may have or will have experienced an ownership change as defined by Section 382 through the sale of equity and, therefore,
we will consider whether the sale of equity units will result in limitations of our net operating losses under Section 382 when
we start to generate taxable income. However, whether a change in ownership occurs in the future is largely outside of our control,
and there can be no assurance that such a change will not occur.
RISKS
RELATING TO OWNERSHIP OF OUR SECURITIES
The
holders of our Common Stock could suffer substantial dilution due to our corporate financing practices.
The
holders of our common stock could suffer substantial dilution due to our corporate financing practices, which, in the past few
years, have included private placements and a registered direct offering. As of September 30, 2016, we have issued shares of Series
A Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, Series D Convertible
Preferred Stock, Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, Series H Convertible Preferred Stock,
Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock, Series J Convertible Preferred Stock and Series K Convertible Preferred Stock.
As
of September 30, 2016, all of the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, Series
C Convertible Preferred Stock, and Series E Convertible Preferred Stock had been converted into shares of common stock. As of
September 30, 2016 only shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, Series H Convertible
Preferred Stock, Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock, Series J Convertible Preferred Stock and Series K Convertible Preferred
Stock were outstanding. Further, in connection with those private placements and the Series D registered direct offering, we issued
warrants to purchase common stock. In addition, as of September 30, 2016, we had issued notes convertible into common stock at
prices ranging from $0.28 to $0.45 per common share. If all of the outstanding shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock,
Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, Series H Convertible Preferred Stock, Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock, Series J Convertible
Preferred Stock and Series K Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into shares of common stock and all outstanding options
and warrants to purchase shares of common stock were exercised and all notes were converted, each as of September 30, 2016, an
additional 72,118,377 shares of common stock would be issued and outstanding. This additional issuance of shares of common stock
would cause immediate and substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and could cause a significant reduction in the market
price of our common stock.
Sales
of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception of such possible sales, could depress
the market price of our common stock.
Sales
of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, which include an offering of our preferred stock
or common stock could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of
additional equity or equity-related securities. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common stock or other equity-related
securities would have on the market price of our common stock.
Our
share price could be volatile and our trading volume may fluctuate substantially.
The
price of common stock has been and may in the future continue to be extremely volatile. Many factors could have a significant
impact on the future price of our shares of common stock, including:
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our
inability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, whether through the issuance of equity securities or debt;
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our
failure to successfully implement our business objectives;
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compliance
with ongoing regulatory requirements;
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market
acceptance of our products;
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technological
innovations and new commercial products by our competitors;
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changes
in government regulations;
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general
economic conditions and other external factors;
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actual
or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial and operating results; and
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the
degree of trading liquidity in our shares of common stock.
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A
decline in the price of our shares of common stock could affect our ability to raise further working capital and adversely impact
our ability to continue operations.
The
relatively low price of our shares of common stock, and a decline in the price of our shares of common stock, could result in
a reduction in the liquidity of our common stock and a reduction in our ability to raise capital. Because a significant portion
of our operations has been and will continue to be financed through the sale of equity securities, a decline in the price of our
shares of common stock could be especially detrimental to our liquidity and our operations. Such reductions and declines may force
us to reallocate funds from other planned uses and may have a significant negative effect on our business plans and operations,
including our ability to continue our current operations. If the price for our shares of common stock declines, it may be more
difficult to raise additional capital. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital, and we are unable to generate funds from
operations sufficient to meet our obligations, we will not have the resources to continue our operations.
The
market price for our shares of common stock may also be affected by our ability to meet or exceed expectations of analysts or
investors. Any failure to meet these expectations, even if minor, may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our
shares of common stock.
If
we issue additional securities in the future, it will likely result in the dilution of our shares of existing stockholders.
As
of September 30, 2016, there were 30,599,839 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Similarly, at such time, there were
no shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock; Series A Convertible Preferred Stock; Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock; Series C Convertible Preferred Stock; Series E Convertible Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2016 there were 300 shares
of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding and convertible into 750,000 shares of common stock, 86,570 shares
of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 865,700 shares of common stock, 10,000 shares
of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 1,000,000 shares of common stock, 21 shares of
Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 2,100,000 shares of common stock, 3,521 shares of
Series J Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 3,521,000 shares of common stock, and 6,816 shares
of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 6,816,000 shares of common stock.
As
of September 30, 2016, there were outstanding options and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 30,093,945 shares of common stock;
and convertible debt convertible into 26,971,732 shares of common stock. From time to time, we also may increase the number of
shares available for issuance in connection with our equity compensation plan, we may adopt new equity compensation plans, and
we may issue awards to our employees and others who provide services to us outside the terms of our equity compensation plans.
Our board of directors may fix and determine the designations, rights, preferences or other variations of each class or series
of preferred stock and may choose to issue some or all of such shares to provide additional financing in the future.
The
issuance of any securities for acquisition, licensing or financing efforts, upon conversion of any preferred stock or exercise
of warrants, pursuant to our equity compensation plans, or otherwise may result in a reduction of the book value and market price
of the outstanding shares of our common stock. If we issue any such additional securities, such issuance will cause a reduction
in the proportionate ownership and voting power of all current stockholders. Further, such issuance may result in a change in
control of our Company.
Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) sales practice requirements may also limit a stockholder’s ability to
buy and sell our common stock.
FINRA
has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds
for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative low-priced securities to their
non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial
status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there
is a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. FINRA requirements
make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit your ability
to buy and sell our common stock and have an adverse effect on the market for our shares.
Our
Common Stock is subject to the “Penny Stock” rules of the SEC and the trading market in our securities is limited,
which makes transactions in our stock cumbersome and may reduce the value of an investment in our stock.
The
Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted Rule 15g-9 which establishes the definition of a “penny stock,” for
the purposes relevant to us, as any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price
of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules
require:
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That
a broker or dealer approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks; and
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The
broker or dealer receives from the investor a written agreement to the transaction, setting forth the identity and quantity
of the penny stock to be purchased.
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In
order to approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must:
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Obtain
financial information and investment experience objectives of the person; and
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Make
a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient
knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.
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The
broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the Commission
relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight form:
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Sets
forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination; and
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That
the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.
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Generally,
brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make
it more difficult for investors to dispose of our common stock and cause a decline in the market value of our stock.
Disclosure
also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the
commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the
rights and remedies available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to
be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny
stocks.
We
have never declared or paid a cash dividend on our common stock and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock
in the foreseeable future.
Our
shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to certain rights, privileges and preferences over our common stock,
including a preference upon a liquidation of our Company, which will reduce amounts available for distribution to the holders
of our common stock.
The
holders of our shares of Series D are entitled to payment, prior to payment to the holders of common stock in the event of liquidation
of the Company.
If we are dissolved, liquidated or wound up at a time when the Series D
Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the holders of the Series D Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive only an amount equal
to the
liquidation preference
(as it may be adjusted from time to time), plus any
accumulated and unpaid dividends, to the extent that we have funds legally available. Any remaining assets will be distributable
to holders of our other equity securities.
Shares
eligible
for
future sale may adversely affect the market.
From
time to time, certain of our stockholders may be eligible to sell all or some of their shares of common stock by means of ordinary
brokerage transactions in the open market pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations.
In general, pursuant to amended Rule 144, non-affiliate stockholders may sell freely after six months subject only to the current
public information requirement. Affiliates may sell after six months subject to the Rule 144 volume, manner of sale (for equity
securities), current public information and notice requirements. Any substantial sales of our common stock pursuant to Rule 144
may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
We
currently do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock. As result, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment
is if the price of our common stock appreciates.
We
currently do not expect to declare or pay dividends on our common stock. In addition, in the future we may enter into agreements
that prohibit or restrict our ability to declare or pay dividends on our common stock. As a result, your only opportunity to achieve
a return on your investment will be if the market price of our common stock appreciates and you sell your shares at a profit.
We
could issue additional common stock, which might dilute the book value of our Common Stock.
Our
Board of Directors has authority, without action or vote of our shareholders, to issue all or a part of our authorized but unissued
shares. Such stock issuances could be made at a price that reflects a discount or a premium from the then-current trading price
of our common stock. In addition, in order to raise capital, we may need to issue securities that are convertible into or exchangeable
for our common stock. These issuances would dilute the percentage ownership interest, which would have the effect of reducing
your influence on matters on which our shareholders vote, and might dilute the book value of our common stock. You may incur additional
dilution if holders of stock warrants or options, whether currently outstanding or subsequently granted, exercise their options,
or if warrant holders exercise their warrants to purchase shares of our common stock.
Risks
Related to the Offering
There
can be no assurances that our shares and/or warrants will be listed on NASDAQ Capital Market and, if they are, our shares will
be subject to potential delisting if we do not meet or continue to maintain the listing requirements of NASDAQ Capital Market.
We
intend to apply to list the shares of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market, or NASDAQ. An approval of our listing application
by NASDAQ will be subject to, among other things, our fulfilling all of the listing requirements of NASDAQ. In addition, NASDAQ
has rules for continued listing, including, without limitation, minimum market capitalization and other requirements. Failure
to maintain our listing, or de-listing from NASDAQ, would make it more difficult for shareholders to dispose of our common stock
and more difficult to obtain accurate price quotations on our common stock. This could have an adverse effect on the price of
our common stock. Our ability to issue additional securities for financing or other purposes, or otherwise to arrange for any
financing we may need in the future, may also be materially and adversely affected if our common stock is not traded on a national
securities exchange.
In
the event that our common stock and warrants are listed on the NASDAQ our stock price could fall and we could be delisted in which
case broker-dealers may be discouraged from effecting transactions in shares of our common stock because they may be considered
penny stocks and thus be subject to the penny stock rules.
The
SEC has adopted a number of rules to regulate “penny stocks” that restricts transactions involving stock which is
deemed to be penny stock. Such rules include Rules 3a51-1, 15g-1, 15g-2, 15g-3, 15g-4, 15g-5, 15g-6, 15g-7, and 15g-9 under the
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These rules may have the effect of reducing the liquidity of penny stocks. “Penny
stocks” generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 per share (other than securities registered on certain
national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market if current price and volume information with respect to transactions
in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Our securities currently constitute, “penny stock” within
the meaning of the rules. The additional sales practice and disclosure requirements imposed upon U.S. broker-dealers may discourage
such broker-dealers from effecting transactions in shares of our common stock, which could severely limit the market liquidity
of such shares and impede their sale in the secondary market.
A
U.S. broker-dealer selling penny stock to anyone other than an established customer or “accredited investor” (generally,
an individual with net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or an annual income exceeding $200,000, or $300,000 together with his or
her spouse) must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and must receive the purchaser’s written consent
to the transaction prior to sale, unless the broker-dealer or the transaction is otherwise exempt. In addition, the “penny
stock” regulations require the U.S. broker-dealer to deliver, prior to any transaction involving a “penny stock”,
a disclosure schedule prepared in accordance with SEC standards relating to the “penny stock” market, unless the broker-dealer
or the transaction is otherwise exempt. A U.S. broker-dealer is also required to disclose commissions payable to the U.S. broker-dealer
and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, a U.S. broker-dealer is required to submit
monthly statements disclosing recent price information with respect to the “penny stock” held in a customer’s
account and information with respect to the limited market in “penny stocks”.
Stockholders
should be aware that, according to the SEC, the market for “penny stocks” has suffered in recent years from patterns
of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include (i) control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often
related to the promoter or issuer; (ii) manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and
misleading press releases; (iii) “boiler room” practices involving high-pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price
projections by inexperienced sales persons; (iv) excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differentials and markups by selling broker-dealers;
and (v) the wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired
level, resulting in investor losses. Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock
market. Although we do not expect to be in a position to dictate the behavior of the market or of broker-dealers who participate
in the market, management will strive within the confines of practical limitations to prevent the described patterns from being
established with respect to our securities.
Speculative
Nature of Warrants
The
warrants offered in this offering do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting
rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of our common stock at a
fixed price for a limited period of time. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of the warrants may
exercise their right to acquire the common stock and pay an exercise price of per share
( % of public offering price of our common stock in this offering), prior to five years
from the date of issuance, after which date any unexercised warrants will expire and have no further value. Moreover,
following this offering, the market value of the warrants is uncertain and there can be no assurance that the market value of
the warrants will equal or exceed their public offering price. There can be no assurance that the market price of the common
stock will ever equal or exceed the exercise price of the warrants, and consequently, whether it will ever be profitable for
holders of the warrants to exercise the warrants.
We
have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.
Our
management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, including for any of the purposes described in the
section of this prospectus entitled “Use of Proceeds.” The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively
could harm our business.
Sales
of a substantial number of shares of our common stock following this offering may adversely affect the market price of our common
stock and the issuance of additional shares will dilute all other shareholders.
Sales
of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or otherwise following this offering, or
the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. After completion of
this offering at an assumed offering price of
$ per share, our existing
stockholders will own approximately % of our common stock assuming there is no exercise of the underwriters’
over-allotment option.
After
completion of this offering at an assumed offering price of $
per share there will
be shares of our common stock
outstanding. In addition, our certificate of incorporation, as amended, permits the issuance of up to approximately
additional shares of common
stock after the completion of this offering. Thus, we have the ability to issue substantial amounts of common stock in the
future, which would dilute the percentage ownership held by the investors who purchase shares of our common stock in this
offering.
We
and our officers, directors and certain stockholders have agreed, subject to customary exceptions, not to, without the prior written
consent of Joseph Gunnar & Co., LLC, the representative of the underwriters, during the period ending 180 days from the date
of this offering in the case of our directors and officers and 90 days from the date of this offering in the case of us and our
stockholders who beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, pledge or otherwise
transfer or dispose of any of shares of our common stock, enter into any swap or other derivatives transaction that transfers
to another any of the economic benefits or risks of ownership of shares of our common stock, make any demand for or exercise any
right or cause to be filed a registration statement, including any amendments thereto, with respect to the registration of any
shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock or any other securities
of the Company or publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing.
After
the lock-up agreements with our principal stockholders pertaining to this offering expire 90 days from the date of this offering
unless waived earlier by the representative, up to of the shares that had been locked up will be eligible
for future sale in the public market. After the lock-up agreements with our directors and officers pertaining to this offering
expire 180 days from the date of this offering unless waived earlier by the managing underwriter, up to [●] of the shares
(net of any shares also restricted by lock-up agreements with our principal stockholders) that had been locked up will be eligible
for future sale in the public market. Sales of a significant number of these shares of common stock in the public market could
reduce the market price of the common stock.
The
foregoing list is not all-inclusive. There can be no assurance that we have correctly identified and appropriately assessed all
factors affecting our business or that the publicly available and other information with respect to these matters is complete
and correct. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also
adversely affect us. These developments could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations
and liquidity. For these reasons, the reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.
Following
this offering, the market value of the warrants is uncertain and there can be no assurance that the market value of the warrants
will equal or exceed their public offering price.
The
warrants offered in this offering do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or
the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of our common stock at a fixed price for
a limited period of time. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of the warrants may exercise their right to
acquire the common stock and pay an exercise price of 125% of the public offering price of our common stock in this offering,
prior to five years from the date of issuance, after which date any unexercised warrants will expire and have no further value.
Moreover, following this offering, the market value of the warrants is uncertain and there can be no assurance that the market
value of the warrants will equal or exceed their public offering price. There can be no assurance that the market price of the
common stock will ever equal or exceed the exercise price of the warrants, and consequently, whether it will ever be profitable
for holders of the warrants to exercise the warrants.
MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The
following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with
our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion
and analysis contains forward-looking statements reflecting our management’s current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties
and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those described in or implied by these
forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly
on page [ ] entitled “Risk Factors”.
Overview
We
are focused on solving the challenging problems inherent in biological sample preparation, a crucial laboratory step performed
by scientists worldwide working in biological life sciences research. Sample preparation is a term that refers to a wide range
of activities that precede most forms of scientific analysis. Sample preparation is often complex, time-consuming and, in our
belief, one of the most error-prone steps of scientific research. It is a widely-used laboratory undertaking – the requirements
of which drive what we believe is a large and growing worldwide market. We have developed and patented a novel, enabling technology
platform that can control the sample preparation process. It is based on harnessing the unique properties of high hydrostatic
pressure. This process, which we refer to as PCT, uses alternating cycles of hydrostatic pressure between ambient and ultra-high
levels i.e., 20,000 psi or greater to safely, conveniently and reproducibly control the actions of molecules in biological samples,
such as cells and tissues from human, animal, plant and microbial sources.
PCT
is an enabling platform technology based on a physical process that had not previously been used to control bio-molecular interactions.
PCT uses internally developed instrumentation that is capable of cycling pressure between ambient and ultra-high levels at controlled
temperatures and specific time intervals, to rapidly and repeatedly control the interactions of bio-molecules, such as proteins,
DNA, RNA, lipids and small molecules. Our laboratory instrument family, the Barocycler®
®
, and our internally
developed consumables product line, which include our unique MicroTubes, MicroCaps, MicroPestles, BaroFlex and PULSE® (Pressure
Used to Lyse Samples for Extraction) Tubes, and application specific kits (containing consumable products and reagents), together
make up our PCT SPS.
In
2015, together with an investment bank, we formed a subsidiary called Pressure BioSciences Europe (“PBI Europe”) in
Poland. We have 49% ownership interest with the investment bank retaining 51%. As of now, PBI Europe does not have any operating
activities but is expected to commence operations in 2016. Therefore, we don’t have control of the subsidiary and did not
consolidate in our financial statements. PBI Europe did not have any operations in 2015.
Patents
PBI
has 14 United States granted patents and 1 foreign granted patent (Japan: 5587770, EXTRACTION AND PARTITIONING OF MOLECULES)
covering multiple applications of PCT in the life sciences field. PBI also has 19 pending patents in the USA, Canada, Europe,
Australia, China, and Taiwan PCT employs a unique approach that we believe has the potential for broad use in a number of established
and emerging life sciences areas, which include, but are not limited to:
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biological
sample preparation – including but not limited to sample extraction, homogenization, and digestion - in such study areas
as genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, metabolomic and small molecule;
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pathogen
inactivation;
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protein
purification;
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control
of chemical reactions, particularly enzymatic; and
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immunodiagnostics.
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We
are also the exclusive distributor, throughout the Americas, for CS cell disruption equipment, parts, and consumables. CS, a British
company located several hours northwest of London, England, has been providing niche biomedical equipment, related consumable
products, and services to a global client base since 1989. CS designs, develops, and manufactures high pressure cell disruption
equipment required by life sciences laboratories worldwide, particularly disruption systems for the extraction of proteins. The
CS equipment provides a constant and controlled cell disruptive environment, giving the user superior, constant, and reproducible
results whatever the application. CS has over 900 units installed in over 40 countries worldwide. The CS cell disruption equipment
has proven performance in the extraction of cellular components, such as protein from yeast, bacteria, mammalian cells, and other
sample types.
The
CS pressure-based cell disruption equipment and our PCT-based instrumentation complement each other in several important ways.
While both the CS and our technologies are based on high pressure, each product line has fundamental scientific capabilities that
the other does not offer. Our PCT Platform uses certain patented pressure mechanisms to achieve small-scale, molecular level effects.
CS’s technology uses different, proprietary pressure mechanisms for larger-scale, non-molecular level processing. In a number
of routine laboratory applications, such as protein extraction, both effects can be critical to success. Therefore, for protein
extraction and a number of other important scientific applications, we believe laboratories will benefit by using the CS and our
products, either separately or together.
Primary
Fields of Use and Application for PCT
Sample
preparation is widely regarded as a significant impediment to research and discovery and sample extraction is generally regarded
as one of the key parts of sample preparation. The process of preparing samples for genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small molecule
studies includes a crucial step called sample extraction or sample disruption. This is the process of extracting biomolecules
such as nucleic acid i.e., DNA and/or RNA, proteins, lipids, or small molecules from the plant or animal cells and tissues that
are being studied. Our current commercialization efforts are based upon our belief that pressure cycling technology provides a
superior solution for sample extraction when compared to other available technologies or procedures and thus might significantly
improve the quality of sample preparation, and thus the quality of the test result.
Within
the broad field of biological sample preparation, in particular sample extraction, we focus the majority of our PCT and constant
pressure (“CP”) product development efforts in three specific areas: biomarker discovery (primarily through mass spectrometric
analysis), forensics and histology. We believe that our existing PCT and CP-based instrumentation and related consumable products
fill an important and growing need in the sample preparation market for the safe, rapid, versatile, reproducible and quality extraction
of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and small molecules from a wide variety of plant, animal, and microbiological cells and tissues.
Biomarker
Discovery - Mass Spectrometry
A
biomarker is any substance (e.g., protein, DNA) that can be used as an indicator of the presence or absence of a particular disease-state
or condition, and/or to measure the progression and effects of therapy. Biomarkers can help in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy,
prevention, surveillance, control, and cure of diseases and medical conditions.
A
mass spectrometer is a laboratory instrument used in the analysis of biological samples, often focused on proteins, in life sciences
research. It is frequently used to help discover biomarkers. According to a recently published market report by Transparency Market
Research (www.transparencymarketresearch.com) “Spectrometry Market (Atomic, Molecular and Mass Spectrometry) - Global Scenario,
Trends, Industry Analysis, Size, Share & Forecast 2011 – 2017,
”
the global spectrometry market was worth
$10.2 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach $15.2 billion in 2017, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 6.9% from 2011
to 2017. In the overall global market, the North American market is expected to maintain its lead position in terms of revenue
till 2017 and is expected to have approximately 36.2% of the market revenue share in 2017, followed by Europe. We believe PCT
and CP-based products offer significant advantages in speed and quality compared with current techniques used in the preparation
of samples for mass spectrometry analysis.
Forensics
The
detection of DNA has become a part of the analysis of forensic samples by laboratories and criminal justice agencies worldwide
in their efforts to identify the perpetrators of violent crimes and missing persons. Scientists from the University of North Texas
and Florida International University have reported improvements in DNA yield from forensic samples (e.g., bone and hair) when
using the PCT platform in the sample preparation process. We believe that PCT may be capable of differentially extracting DNA
from sperm cells and female epithelial cells captured in swabs collected from rape victims and subsequently stored in rape kits.
We also believe that there are many completed rape kits that remain untested for reasons such as cost, time and quality of results.
We further believe that the ability to differentially extract DNA from sperm and not epithelial cells could reduce the cost of
such testing, while increasing the quality, safety and speed of the testing process.
Histology
The
most commonly used technique worldwide for the preservation of cancer and other tissues for subsequent pathology evaluation is
FFPE. We believe that the quality and analysis of FFPE tissues is highly problematic, and that PCT offers significant advantages
over current processing methods, including standardization, speed, biomolecule recovery, and safety.
Our
customers include researchers at academic laboratories, government agencies, biotechnology companies, pharmaceutical companies
and other life science institutions in the United States, Europe, and in Asia. Our goal is to continue aggressive market penetration
in these target groups. We also believe that there is a significant opportunity to sell and/or lease additional Barocycler®
instrumentation to additional laboratories at current customer institutions.
If
we are successful in commercializing PCT in applications beyond our current focus area of genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small
molecule sample preparation, and if we are successful in our attempts to attract additional capital, our potential customer base
could expand to include hospitals, reference laboratories, pharmaceutical manufacturing plants and other sites involved in each
specific application. If we are successful in forensics, our potential customers could be forensic laboratories, military and
other government agencies. If we are successful in histology (extraction of biomolecules from FFPE tissues), our potential customers
could be pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and laboratories focused on drug discovery or correlation of disease states.
We
have experienced negative cash flows from operations with respect to our pressure cycling technology business since our inception.
As of September 30, 2016, we did not have adequate working capital resources to satisfy our current liabilities and as a result
we have substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Based on our current projections, including equity
financing subsequent to September 30, 2016, we believe we will have the cash resources that will enable us to continue to fund
normal operations into the foreseeable future.
The
audit report issued by our independent registered public accounting firm on our audited consolidated financial statements for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.
The audit report issued by our independent registered public accounting firm for our financial statements for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2015 states that our auditing firm has substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern due
to the risk that we may not have sufficient cash and liquid assets to cover our operating and capital requirements for the next
twelve-month period; and, if sufficient cash cannot be obtained, we would have to substantially alter, or possibly even discontinue,
operations. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The
conditions described above could adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all, and
may cause investors to have reservations about our long-term prospects, and may adversely affect our relationships with customers.
There can be no assurance that our auditing firm will not issue the same opinion in the future. If we cannot successfully continue
as a going concern, our stockholders may lose their entire investment in us.
Results
of Operations
Comparison
for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015
Revenue
Revenue
was $535,334 for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to $580,334 for the three months ended September 30, 2015,
a decrease of $45,000, or 8%. This decrease is solely attributable to decreases in grant related activities and technical support
services as detailed below.
Products,
Services, Other
. Revenue from the sale of products and services increased 4% to $500,949 for the three months ended September
30, 2016, as compared to $481,452 during the three months ended September 30, 2015. This increase was primarily attributable to
the launch of the Barocycler® 2320 Extreme pressure-based instrument systems. Sales of consumables also increased for the
three months ended September 30, 2016 to $32,811 compared to $28,339 during the same period in the prior year, an increase of
16%.
Grant
Revenue
. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded grant revenue of $34,385 compared to grant revenue
of $98,882 in the comparable period in 2015. Work on the $1.05 million National Institutes of Health (“
NIH
”)
grant decreased during the third quarter as we continued to wait for certain significant parts to be manufactured. These parts
were received during the second quarter of 2016, and are currently being put through our quality control procedures. Once released
from quality control, the availability of these parts should result in an increase in grant work in future periods.
Cost
of Products and Services
The
cost of products and services was $262,894 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $209,804 for the comparable
period in 2015. Gross profit margin on products and services was 47% for the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared
to 56% for the prior period. Cost of products increased and gross profit margin decreased because we sold several of our new Barocycler®
2320EXTREME units during the quarter and the cost to manufacture these units was higher than expected because of start-up costs
related to the initial manufacture of these systems. We expect the cost to manufacture these units will decrease and the sales
price to increase in the coming quarters.
Research
and Development
Research
and development expenditures were $268,317 during the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $355,574 in the same
period in 2015, a decrease of $87,257, or 25%. The prior period included the cost of research performed by a customer on our behalf.
Research
and development expense recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 included $14,735 and $18,307 of non-cash,
stock-based compensation expense, respectively.
Selling
and Marketing
Selling
and marketing expenses increased to $224,380 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 from $207,888 for the comparable period
in 2015, an increase of $16,492, or 8%. This increase was due to commissions paid to our sales person and the cost of part-time
help over the summer months in 2016.
During
the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, selling and marketing expense included $9,911 and $13,310 of non-cash, stock-based
compensation expense, respectively.
General
and Administrative
General
and administrative costs totaled $231,550 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $497,796 for the comparable
period in 2015. This decrease was due primarily to credits received from charges incurred with a former professional service provider.
During
the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, general and administrative expense included $65,854 and $43,247 of non-cash,
stock-based compensation expense, respectively.
Operating
Loss
Our
operating loss was $451,807 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $690,728 for the comparable period in
2015, a decrease of $238,921. This decrease was due primarily to credits received from a former professional service provider.
Other
Income (Expense), Net
Interest
(Expense) Income
Interest
expense was $1,116,328 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to interest expense of $1,584,830 for the three
months ended September 30, 2015. Interest expense primarily relate to debt discounts from the sale of senior secured convertible
debentures and other convertible and non-convertible notes.
Change
in fair value of warrant derivative liability
During
the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded non-cash income of $227,131 for warrant revaluation in our condensed consolidated
statements of operations due to a decrease in the fair value of the warrant liability related to warrants issued in our private
placement offerings. This decrease in fair value was primarily due to lower volatility in the price of our common stock at September
30, 2016 as compared to the price on June 30, 2016. The components for determining the fair value of the warrants are contained
in the table in Note 4 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Change
in fair value of conversion option liability
During
the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded non-cash income of $395,997 for conversion option revaluation in our condensed
consolidated statements of operations due to a decrease in the fair value of the conversion option liability related to convertible
debt. This decrease in fair value was primarily due to lower volatility in the price of our common stock at September 30, 2016
as compared to the price on June 30, 2016 or the date the debt was incurred during the quarter and the shorter time to maturity
of the debt. The components for determining the fair value of the conversion option liabilities are contained in the table in
Note 4 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Other
Expense
We
had minimal other expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and zero for the comparable period in 2015.
Net
Loss Applicable to Common Shareholders
During
the three months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a net loss to common shareholders of $945,207, or $(0.03) per share, as
compared to a net loss to common shareholders of $656,217, or $(0.03) per share in the three months ended September 30, 2015.
The weighted average common shares outstanding for the period increased because of the issuance of shares of common stock to investor
relations firms for services rendered and sales of common stock.
Comparison
for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015
Revenue
We
recognized total revenue of $1,556,776 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $1,433,572 during the nine
months ended September 30, 2015, an increase of $123,204, or 9%. This increase is attributable to increases in the sales of our
products and services as detailed below.
Products,
Services, Other
. Revenue from the sale of products and services increased 22% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016
as compared to the year-earlier period, from $1,174,391 to $1,429,487. This increase was primarily attributable to sales of the
NEP2320 Enhanced Barocycler® and the launch and subsequent sale of the Barocycler® 2320EXTREME PCT-based instrument systems.
Sales of consumables also increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the year-earlier period, from $124,687
to $149,819, an increase of 20%.
Grant
Revenue
. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded grant revenue of $127,289 compared to grant revenue
of $259,181 in the comparable period in 2015. Work on the $1.05 million NIH grant decreased during the first half of 2016 as we
needed to wait for certain significant parts to be manufactured. These parts were received during the second quarter of 2016,
which should result in an increase in grant work in future periods.
Cost
of Products and Services
The
cost of products and services was $727,698 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $575,780 for the comparable
period in 2015. Gross profit margin on products and services was 49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared
to 51% for the prior period. Cost of products increased concomitant with the increase in product sales recorded for the period.
Research
and Development
Research
and development expenditures were $925,015 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to $878,899 in the same
period in 2015, an increase of $46,116, or 5%. This increase resulted primarily from the addition of a Ph.D. level electrical
engineer, costs related to the continued development of an enhanced rape kit test based on the PCT Platform, and a rent increase
related to the additional R&D space.
Research
and development expense recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 included $50,766 and $41,172 of non-cash,
stock-based compensation expense, respectively.
Selling
and Marketing
Selling
and marketing expenses increased to $609,501 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 from $574,289 for the comparable period
in 2015, an increase of $35,212, or 6%. This increase is primarily attributed to an increase in part-time employee related costs
over the summer and holiday periods.
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, selling and marketing expense included $32,404 and $27,386 of non-cash, stock-based
compensation expense, respectively.
General
and Administrative
General
and administrative costs totaled $1,853,010 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $2,034,040 for the comparable
period in 2015. This decrease was due primarily to credits received from charges incurred with a former professional service provider.
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, general and administrative expense included $199,641 and $116,812 of non-cash,
stock-based compensation expense, respectively.
Operating
Loss
Our
operating loss was $2,558,448 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to $2,629,436 for the comparable period
in 2015. This decrease was primarily due to credits from a former professional services provider offset by research and development
and investor relations activities.
Other
Income (Expense), Net
Interest
(Expense) Income
Interest
expense was $2,961,708 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to interest expense of $2,831,106 for the nine
months ended September 30, 2015. Interest expense primarily relate to debt discounts from the sale of senior secured convertible
debentures and other convertible and non-convertible notes.
Change
in fair value of warrant derivative liability
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded non-cash income of $59,864 for warrant revaluation in our consolidated statements
of operations due to an overall decrease in the fair value of the warrant liability related to warrants issued in our private
placement offerings. The components for determining the fair value of the warrants are contained in the table in Note 4 of the
accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Change
in fair value of conversion option liability
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded non-cash charges of $472,364 for conversion option revaluation in our condensed
consolidated statements of operations due to increases in the fair value of the conversion option liability related to convertible
debt. We recorded $1,337,510 as non-cash charge at issuance of these convertible debentures. The components for determining the
fair value of the conversion option liabilities are contained in the table in Note 4 of the accompanying condensed consolidated
financial statements.
Other
Expense
Other
Expense totaled $1,112 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to $513,352 for the comparable period in 2015.
The prior period activity represented revaluations for conversion options.
Net
Loss Applicable to Common Shareholders
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a net loss to common shareholders of $5,933,768, or ($0.23) per share, as
compared to a net loss to common shareholders of $3,451,928, or $(0.17) per share, in the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
The weighted average common shares outstanding for the period increased because of the issuance of shares of common stock to investor
relations firms for services rendered and conversions of Series K preferred stock into common stock.
Comparison
for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
Revenue
We
had total revenue of $1,797,691, in the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared with $1,374,744 in the prior year, a 31% increase.
The increase was due to product sales growth and new government grant supported activities.
Products,
Services, and Other
. Revenue from the sale of products and services was $1,409,991 in the year ended December 31, 2015, as
compared with $1,350,150 in the year ended December 31, 2014, a 4.4% increase. Revenue included sales of both PBI and Constant
Systems pressure-based products. Sales of instrumentation increased in 2015 by $36,139, or 5%, from $799,472 for fiscal year 2014
to $835,611 for fiscal year 2015. Sales of consumables were $146,408 for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $167,380
for the same period in 2014, a decrease of $20,972, or 13%. Products, Services, and Other revenue included $78,743 from non-cash
transactions with no non-cash transactions in 2014. Revenue from non-cash transactions in 2015 was recognized on the fair value
of the assets involved, per ASC 845.
Grant
Revenue
. During 2015, we recorded $387,700 of grant revenue, as compared with $24,594 in 2014. In December 2014, we were awarded
a $1,020,969 SBIR Phase II grant (2R44HG007136) from the National Human Genome Research Institute of the NIH. Entitled “High
Pressure Sample Preparation Instrumentation for DNA Sequencing”, this grant is helping to fund the development of an automated,
high-throughput, high pressure system (instrument and consumables) to enable significantly better control of DNA fragmentation
- a critical step in the preparation of samples for next generation sequencing platforms. This system will be based on significant
technological advancements over the classic hydrodynamic DNA shearing approach that has been successfully and widely used in the
field of DNA sequencing for many years.
Cost
of Products and Services
The
cost of products and services was $609,054 for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared with $652,438 in 2014. Our gross
profit margin on products and services was 66% for fiscal year 2015 as compared to 48% for fiscal year 2014. The favorable margin
improvement was helped with the sale of preowned PBI Barocycler® instruments that we repurchased, refurbished, and then resold
at better than usual gross margins. The relationship between the cost of products and services and revenue depends greatly on
the mix of instruments we sell, the quantity of such instruments, and the mix of consumable products and instrument accessories
that we sell in a given period.
Research
and Development
Research
and development expenditures were $1,105,295 for 2015, as compared to $952,555 in 2014, an increase of $152,740, or 16%. This
increase in fiscal year 2015 R&D expenses resulted primarily from additional research activities funded through our SBIR Phase
II grant, with the aim of developing a new pressure-based system for the extraction of high quality DNA from samples for analysis.
We also added much needed electrical engineering and computer software support to help enhance our entire line of pressure-based
instrument systems. In fiscal year 2015, we incurred increased consulting expense due to our on-going collaborations with Key
Opinion Leaders in several academic laboratories. Research and development expense also included $50,617 and $30,550 of non-cash,
stock-based compensation in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Selling
and Marketing
Selling
and marketing expenses were $745,574 in 2015 compared to $721,229 in 2014, an increase of $24,345, or 3%. This increase was primarily
due to a more aggressive customer outreach program unveiled in 2015. Selling and marketing expense included $32,704 and $19,792
of non-cash stock based compensation expense in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
General
and Administrative
General
and administrative costs were $2,902,950 in the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared with $2,386,872 in 2014, an increase
of $516,078, or 22%. We increased spending on investor relations and patent/trademark activities, as well as in outside consulting
services and other investment relations costs to augment our 2015 fund raising efforts. During the years ended December 31, 2015
and 2014, general and administrative expense included $125,668 and $50,783 of non-cash, stock-based compensation expense, respectively.
Operating
Loss
Our
operating loss was $3,565,182 for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared with $3,338,350 for the prior year, an increase
of $226,832, or 7%. This increase in operating loss was due primarily to increases in R&D and G&A expenses, and by the
award of director and employee stock options, off-set to a certain extent by increases in total revenue and product gross margins.
Other
income (expense), net
Interest
Expense
Net
interest expense totaled $4,146,416 for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared with interest expense of $1,303,129 for
the year ended December 31, 2014. In connection with full payments of loans, we accelerated amortization of deferred financing
costs and imputed interest against the debt discount on short-term loans relating to the prepayment penalties issued with the
loans in 2015.
Other
income (expense) net
We
recognized $36,879 in expense during 2015, compared to $169,554 of expense from the initial fair value calculation on the conversion
option on our convertible debt instruments in 2014.
Gain
on extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities
In
connection with full payments of convertible debt, we recorded non-cash gains of $2,555,180 on short-term loans relating to the
conversion options issued with the loans in 2015.
Change
in fair value of derivative liabilities
During
the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded non-cash expense of $2,222,001 from warrant and conversion option liability revaluation
in our consolidated statements of operations due to an increase in the fair value of the derivative warrants and the conversion
option liabilities on our debt. This increase in fair value was primarily due to an increase in the price per share of our common
stock. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we recorded non-cash income of $198,493 for warrant and conversion option liability
revaluation due to a decrease in fair value of the liabilities.
Income
Taxes
We
did not record an income tax benefit or provision for the years ended December 31, 2015 or 2014.
Net
Loss
During
the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded a net loss applicable to common stockholders of $7,438,492 or $(0.36) per share,
as compared with $6,251,726 or $(0.44) per share during the year ended December 31, 2014. Although the net loss applicable to
common stockholders increased in 2015 due to the amortization to interest expense, the gains relating to the full payment of the
loans offset the interest impact. See Note 2 of the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under the “Computation
of Loss per Share” heading.
LIQUIDITY
AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We
have experienced negative cash flows from operations with respect to our pressure cycling technology business since our inception.
As of September 30, 2016, we did not have adequate working capital resources to satisfy our current liabilities and, as a result,
we have substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. We have been successful in raising cash through
debt and equity offerings in the past and as described in Note 6 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the nine
months ended September 30, 2016, we completed an over-subscribed $5 million debt financing on March 21, 2016, raising a total
of $6.3 million between July 2015 and March 2016. We have efforts in place to continue to raise cash through debt and equity offerings.
We
will need substantial additional capital to fund our operations in future periods. In the event that we are unable to obtain financing
on acceptable terms, or at all, we will likely be required to cease our operations, pursue a plan to sell our operating assets,
or otherwise modify our business strategy, which could materially harm our future business prospects.
Net
cash used in operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $2,737,516 as compared to $2,679,949 for the nine months
ended September 30, 2015. The increase in cash used in operations in 2016 is principally due to the interest expense from the
senior convertible debentures.
Cash
used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was not significant.
Net
cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $2,665,945 as compared to $2,289,538 for
the same period in the prior year. The cash from financing activities in the period ended September 30, 2016 included $2,102,382
from senior secured convertible debt. We also received $865,150 from non-convertible debt, net of fees, less payment on non-convertible
debt of $781,221. In the prior year we received $3,991,437 from convertible debt and $1,300,000 in proceeds from non-convertible
debt.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
We
do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015.
CRITICAL
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
While
our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 3 to our audited financial statements appearing elsewhere
in this prospectus, we believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical for fully understanding and evaluating
our financial condition and results of operations.
Use
of Estimates
To
prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America, we are required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues
and expenses during the reporting period. In addition, significant estimates were made in projecting future cash flows to quantify
impairment of assets, deferred tax assets, the costs associated with fulfilling our warranty obligations for the instruments that
we sell, and the estimates employed in our calculation of fair value of stock options awarded. We base our estimates on historical
experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form
the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.
Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.
Revenue
Recognition
We
recognize revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 605,
Revenue Recognition
. Revenue is recognized when realized or when realizable
and earned when all the following criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; goods were shipped, delivery
of service has occurred and risk of loss has passed to the customer; the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable;
and collectability is reasonably assured.
Our
current Barocycler® instruments require a basic level of instrumentation expertise to set-up for initial operation. To support
a favorable first experience for our customers, upon customer request, and for an additional fee, will send a highly trained technical
representative to the customer site to install Barocycler®s that we sell, lease, or rent through our domestic sales force.
The installation process includes uncrating and setting up the instrument, followed by introductory user training. Product revenue
related to current Barocycler® instrumentation and Constant Systems products is recognized upon shipment of the unit. In the
case where the customer requests installation and training, the additional revenue related to the installation and training is
recognized upon the completion of the installation and introductory training process of the instrumentation at the customer location.
Product revenue related to sales of PCT instrumentation to our foreign distributors is recognized upon shipment through a common
carrier. We provide for the expected costs of warranty upon the recognition of revenue for the sales of our instrumentation. Our
sales arrangements do not provide our customers with a right of return. Product revenue related to our consumable products such
as PULSE® Tubes, MicroTubes, and application specific kits is recorded upon shipment through a common carrier. Shipping costs
are included in sales and marketing expense. Any shipping costs billed to customers are recognized as revenue.
We
apply ASC 845, “Accounting for Non-Monetary Transactions”, to account for products and services sold through non-cash
transactions based on the fair values of the products and services involved, where such values can be determined. Non-cash exchanges
would require revenue to be recognized at recorded cost or carrying value of the assets or services sold if any of the following
conditions apply:
|
a)
|
The
fair value of the asset or service involved is not determinable.
|
|
|
|
|
b)
|
The
transaction is an exchange of a product or property held for sale in the ordinary course of business for a product or property
to be sold in the same line of business to facilitate sales to customers other than the parties to the exchange.
|
|
|
|
|
c)
|
The
transaction lacks commercial substance.
|
|
|
|
|
We
currently record revenue for its non-cash transactions at recorded cost or carrying value of the assets or services sold.
|
In
accordance with FASB ASC 840,
Leases
, we account for our lease agreements under the operating method. We record revenue
over the life of the lease term and we record depreciation expense on a straight-line basis over the thirty-six month estimated
useful life of the Barocycler® instrument. The depreciation expense associated with assets under lease agreement is included
in the “Cost of PCT products and services” line item in our accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Many
of our lease and rental agreements allow the lessee to purchase the instrument at any point during the term of the agreement with
partial or full credit for payments previously made. We pay all maintenance costs associated with the instrument during the term
of the leases.
Revenue
from government grants is recorded when expenses are incurred under the grant in accordance with the terms of the grant award.
Revenue
from the sale of CS’ cell disruption equipment, parts, and consumables is recognized when products are shipped.
Deferred
revenue represents amounts received from grants and service contracts for which the related revenues have not been recognized
because one or more of the revenue recognition criteria have not been met. Revenue from service contracts is recorded ratably
over the length of the contract.
Our
transactions sometimes involve multiple elements i.e., products and services. Revenue under multiple element arrangements is recognized
in accordance with FASB ASC 605-25
Multiple-Element Arrangements (“ASC 605”)
. When vendor specific objective
evidence or third party evidence of selling price for deliverables in an arrangement cannot be determined, we Company develop
a best estimate of the selling price to separate deliverables, and allocates arrangement consideration using the relative selling
price method. Additionally, this guidance eliminates the residual method of allocation. If an arrangement includes undelivered
elements that are not essential to the functionality of the delivered elements, we defer the fair value of the undelivered elements
with the residual revenue allocated to the delivered elements. Fair value is determined based upon the price charged when the
element is sold separately. If there is not sufficient evidence of the fair value of the undelivered elements, no revenue is allocated
to the delivered elements and the total consideration received is deferred until delivery of those elements for which objective
and reliable evidence of the fair value is not available. We provide certain customers with extended service contracts with revenue
recognized ratably over the life of the contract.
Warrant
Derivative Liability
The
warrants issued in connection with the registered direct offering of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series D
Warrants”) and issued with the $5 million PIPE convertible debentures (the “Debenture Warrants”) are measured
at fair value and liability-classified because the Series D Warrants Debenture Warrants contained “down-round protection”
and therefore, did not meet the scope exception for treatment as a derivative under ASC 815,
Derivatives and Hedging
. Since
“down-round protection” is not an input into the calculation of the fair value of the warrants, the warrants cannot
be considered indexed to our own stock which is a requirement for the scope exception as outlined under ASC 815. The estimated
fair value of the warrants was determined using the binomial model, resulting in an allocation of the gross proceeds of $283,725
to the warrants issued in the Series D registered direct offering.
In
connection with the sales of convertible debentures in 2015, the estimated fair value of the warrants was determined using the
binomial model, resulting in an allocation of the gross proceeds of $1,933,375 to the warrants issued with convertible debentures.
The fair value will be affected by changes in inputs to that model including our stock price, expected stock price volatility,
the contractual term, and the risk-free interest rate. We will continue to classify the fair value of the warrants as a liability
until the warrants are exercised, expire or are amended in a way that would no longer require these warrants to be classified
as a liability, whichever comes first.
The
down-round protection for the Debenture Warrants and Series D Warrants survives for the life of the Warrants, which end starting
in May 2017.
Conversion
Option Liability
We
have signed convertible notes and have determined that conversion options are embedded in the notes and it is required to bifurcate
the conversion option from the host contract under ASC 815 and account for the derivatives at fair value. The estimated fair value
of the conversion options was determined using the binomial model. The fair value of the conversion options will be classified
as a liability until the debt is converted by the note holders or paid back by the Company. The fair value will be affected by
changes in inputs to that model including our stock price, expected stock price volatility, the contractual term, and the risk-free
interest rate. We will continue to classify the fair value of the conversion options as a liability until the conversion options
are exercised, expire or are amended in a way that would no longer require these conversion options to be classified as a liability,
whichever comes first. We have adopted a sequencing policy that reclassifies contracts (from equity to liabilities) with the most
recent inception date first. Thus any available shares are allocated first to contracts with the most recent inception dates.
Accounts
Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We
maintain allowances for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Judgments are
used in determining the allowance for doubtful accounts and are based on a combination of factors. Such factors include historical
collection experience, credit policy and specific customer collection issues. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific
customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us (e.g., due to a bankruptcy filing), we record a specific reserve
for bad debts against amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected.
We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and continuously monitor collections and payments from our customers. While
actual bad debts have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will
continue to experience the same bad debt rates that we have in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position
of any of our customers could result in the uncollectability of the related accounts receivable and could adversely impact our
operating cash flows in that period.
Inventories
We
value our inventories at lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, including material,
labor and factory overhead. In assessing the ultimate realization of inventories, management judgment is required to determine
the reserve for obsolete or excess inventory. Inventory on hand may exceed future demand either because the product is obsolete,
or because the amount on hand is more than can be used to meet future needs. We provide for the total value of inventories that
we determine to be obsolete or excess based on criteria such as customer demand and changing technologies. We historically have
not experienced significant inaccuracies in computing our reserves for obsolete or excess inventory.
Equity
Transactions
We
evaluate the proper classification of our equity instruments that embody an unconditional obligation requiring the issuer to redeem
it by transferring assets at a determinable date or that contain certain conditional obligations, typically classified as equity,
be classified as a liability. We record financing costs associated with our capital raising efforts in our statements of operations.
These include amortization of debt issue costs such as cash, warrants and other securities issued to finders and placement agents,
and amortization of preferred stock discount created by in-the-money conversion features on convertible debt and allocates the
proceeds amongst the securities based on relative fair values or based upon the residual method. We based our estimates and assumptions
on the best information available at the time of valuation; however, changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a material
effect on the valuation of the underlying instruments.
Stock-Based
Compensation
We
account for employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation using the fair value method of accounting. Compensation
cost arising from stock options to employees and non-employee directors is recognized using the straight-line method over the
vesting period, which represents the requisite service or performance period. The calculation of stock-based compensation requires
us to estimate several factors, most notably the term, volatility and forfeitures. We estimate the option term using historical
terms and estimate volatility based on historical volatility of our common stock over the option’s expected term. Expected
forfeitures based on historical forfeitures are used in calculating the expense related to stock-based compensation associated
with stock awards. Our estimates and assumptions are based on the best information available at the time of valuation; however,
changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a material effect on the valuation of the underlying instruments.
BUSINESS
Overview
were incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in August 1978 as Boston Biomedica, Inc. In September 2004, we completed
the sale of Boston Biomedica’s core business units and began to focus exclusively on the development and commercialization
of the PCT platform. Following this change in business strategy, Boston Biomedica, Inc.’s name was changed to Pressure BioSciences,
Inc. Operations began as PBI in February 2005, research and development activities in April 2006, early marketing and selling
activities of our initial Barocycler® instrument in late 2007, and earnest marketing and selling of our PCT-based instrument
platform in 2012.
During
its early development, under the legacy business of Boston Biomedica, Inc., our scientists were researching and developing applications
of the PCT platform in many areas of the life sciences, including proteomics, genomics, lipidomics, and small molecule sample
preparation. The data generated during these early years, combined with the data generated since we began focusing on PCT operations
in February 2005, form the basis of knowledge that we believe will allow us to successfully commercialize the PCT platform both
within and outside of the sample preparation market.
We
are focused on solving the challenging problems inherent in biological sample preparation, a crucial laboratory step performed
by scientists worldwide working in biological life sciences research. Sample preparation is a term that refers to a wide range
of activities that precede most forms of scientific analysis. Sample preparation is often complex, time-consuming and, in our
belief, one of the most error-prone steps of scientific research. It is a widely-used laboratory undertaking – the requirements
of which drive what we believe is a large and growing worldwide market. We have developed and patented a novel, enabling technology
platform that can control the sample preparation process. It is based on harnessing the unique properties of high hydrostatic
pressure. This process, called PCT, uses alternating cycles of hydrostatic pressure between ambient and ultra-high levels i.e.,
20,000 psi or greater to safely, conveniently and reproducibly control the actions of molecules in biological samples, such as
cells and tissues from human, animal, plant and microbial sources.
PCT
is an enabling platform technology based on a physical process that had not previously been used to control bio-molecular interactions.
PCT uses internally developed instrumentation that is capable of cycling pressure between ambient and ultra-high levels at controlled
temperatures and specific time intervals, to rapidly and repeatedly control the interactions of bio-molecules, such as proteins,
DNA), RNA, lipids and small molecules. Our laboratory instrument family, the Barocycler®
®
, and our internally
developed consumables product line, which include our unique MicroTubes, MicroCaps, MicroPestles, BaroFlex and PULSE® (Pressure
Used to Lyse Samples for Extraction) Tubes, and application specific kits (containing consumable products and reagents), together
make up our PCT SPS.
In
2015, together with an investment bank, we formed a subsidiary called Pressure BioSciences Europe (“PBI Europe”) in
Poland. We have 49% ownership interest with the investment bank retaining 51%. As of now, PBI Europe does not have any operating
activities but is expected to commence operations in 2016. Therefore, we don’t have control of the subsidiary and did not
consolidate in our financial statements. PBI Europe did not have any operations in 2015.
Patents
PBI
has 14 United States granted patents and 1 foreign granted patent (Japan: 5587770, EXTRACTION AND PARTITIONING OF MOLECULES)
covering multiple applications of PCT in the life sciences field. PBI also has 19 pending patents in the USA, Canada, Europe,
Australia, China, and Taiwan PCT employs a unique approach that we believe has the potential for broad use in a number of established
and emerging life sciences areas, which include, but are not limited to:
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biological
sample preparation – including but not limited to sample extraction, homogenization, and digestion - in such study areas
as proteomics, genomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and small molecules;
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pathogen
inactivation;
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protein
purification;
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control
of chemical reactions, particularly enzymatic;
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immunodiagnostics.
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Primary
Fields of Use and Applications for PCT
Sample
preparation is widely regarded as a significant impediment to research and discovery and sample extraction is generally regarded
as one of the key parts of sample preparation. The process of preparing samples for genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small molecule
studies includes a crucial step called sample extraction or sample disruption. This is the process of extracting biomolecules
such as nucleic acid i.e., DNA and/or RNA, proteins, lipids, or small molecules from the plant or animal cells and tissues that
are being studied. Our current commercialization efforts are based upon our belief that pressure cycling technology provides a
superior solution for sample extraction when compared to other available technologies or procedures and thus might significantly
improve the quality of sample preparation, and thus the quality of the test result.
Within
the broad field of biological sample preparation, in particular sample extraction, we focus the majority of our PCT and CP product
development efforts in three specific areas: biomarker discovery (primarily through mass spectrometric analysis), forensics and
histology. We believe that our existing PCT and CP-based instrumentation and related consumable products fill an important and
growing need in the sample preparation market for the safe, rapid, versatile, reproducible and quality extraction of nucleic acids,
proteins, lipids, and small molecules from a wide variety of plant, animal, and microbiological cells and tissues.
Biomarker
Discovery - Mass Spectrometry
A
biomarker is any substance (e.g., protein, DNA) that can be used as an indicator of the presence or absence of a particular disease-state
or condition, and/or to measure the progression and effects of therapy. Biomarkers can help in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy,
prevention, surveillance, control, and cure of diseases and medical conditions.
A
mass spectrometer is a laboratory instrument used in the analysis of biological samples, often focused on proteins, in life sciences
research. It is frequently used to help discover biomarkers. According to a recently published market report by Transparency Market
Research (www.transparencymarketresearch.com) “Spectrometry Market (Atomic, Molecular and Mass Spectrometry) - Global Scenario,
Trends, Industry Analysis, Size, Share & Forecast 2011 – 2017,
”
the global spectrometry market was worth
$10.2 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach $15.2 billion in 2017, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 6.9% from 2011
to 2017. In the overall global market, the North American market is expected to maintain its lead position in terms of revenue
till 2017 and is expected to have approximately 36.2% of the market revenue share in 2017, followed by Europe. We believe PCT
and CP-based products offer significant advantages in speed and quality compared with current techniques used in the preparation
of samples for mass spectrometry analysis.
Forensics
The
detection of DNA has become a part of the analysis of forensic samples by laboratories and criminal justice agencies worldwide
in their efforts to identify the perpetrators of violent crimes and missing persons. Scientists from the University of North Texas
and Florida International University have reported improvements in DNA yield from forensic samples (e.g., bone and hair) when
using the PCT platform in the sample preparation process. We believe that PCT may be capable of differentially extracting DNA
from sperm cells and female epithelial cells captured in swabs collected from rape victims and subsequently stored in rape kits.
We also believe that there are many completed rape kits that remain untested for reasons such as cost, time and quality of results.
We further believe that the ability to differentially extract DNA from sperm and not epithelial cells could reduce the cost of
such testing, while increasing the quality, safety and speed of the testing process.
Histology
The
most commonly used technique worldwide for the preservation of cancer and other tissues for subsequent pathology evaluation is
FFPE. We believe that the quality and analysis of FFPE tissues is highly problematic, and that PCT offers significant advantages
over current processing methods, including standardization, speed, biomolecule recovery, and safety.
Other
Fields of Use and Applications for PCT
Our
research and development efforts have shown that, in addition to genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small molecule sample preparation,
PCT is potentially beneficial in a number of other areas of the life sciences, including pathogen inactivation, protein purification,
control of chemical (particularly enzymatic) reactions, and immunodiagnostics. Other applications in the sample preparation market
include forensics and histology, as discussed above. Our pursuit of these markets, however, depends on a number of factors, including
our success in commercializing PCT in the area of sample preparation, our judgment regarding the investment required to be successful
in these areas, the value of these markets to PBI, and the availability of sufficient financial resources. Below is a brief explanation
of each of these additional potential applications and a short description of why we believe PCT can be used to improve scientific
studies in these areas.
Pathogen
Inactivation
Biological
products intended for human use, such as blood, vaccines and drugs, are put through rigorous processing protocols in an effort
to minimize the potential of that product to transmit disease. These protocols may include methods to remove infectious materials
such as pre-processing testing, filtration or chromatography, or methods to inactivate infectious agents that are not captured
in the removal steps such as pasteurization, irradiation and solvent detergent inactivation. Notwithstanding current diligence
in both the removal and inactivation steps, significant concern remains that some pathogens (e.g., bacteria and viruses) capable
of transmitting infection to recipients may not be removed or inactivated with current procedures. In addition, some removal and
inactivation methods may not be useful because of cost, safety, ease-of-use or other practical concerns. To that end, we believe
that a new inactivation method is needed that can safely, rapidly and inexpensively inactivate pathogens in blood, vaccines and
drugs without the need for chemical or other potentially toxic additives. We believe we have successfully generated proof-of-concept
that PCT can satisfy this need. We believe that compared with current procedures, a process that uses PCT has the potential to
increase safety and yield, lower cost and decrease the potential side effects of current methods. We have been issued U.S. patents
for this PCT-dependent inactivation technology.
Protein
Purification
Many
vaccines and drugs are comprised of proteins. These proteins need to be purified from complex mixtures as part of the manufacturing
process. Current purification techniques often result in the loss of a significant amount of the protein. Therefore, any method
that could increase the amount of protein being recovered in the purification step, could subsequently lead to a reduction in
cost to the manufacturer. We believe we have successfully generated proof-of-concept that PCT can satisfy this need. We believe
that compared with current purification procedures, a process that uses PCT has the potential to increase protein recovery, increase
the quality of the product, and lower production costs. We have been issued U.S. and in this area.
Control
of Chemical (Particularly Enzymatic) Reactions
Chemical
reactions encompass many important interactions in nature. Methods used to control chemical reactions could have a positive effect
on the quality, speed, and overall result of the reaction. The control and detection of chemical reactions is particularly useful
in the biotechnology field for synthesizing and characterizing such molecules as nucleic acids and polypeptides. We believe that
PCT offers distinct advantages in controlling chemical reactions over current methods, since PCT can provide precise, automated
control over the timing and synchronization of chemical reactions, particularly enzymatic reactions. We have been issued U.S patents
in this area.
Immunodiagnostics
Many
tests used in the clinical laboratory today are based on the formation of a complex between two proteins, such as an antigen and
an antibody. Such “immunodiagnostic” methods are used for the detection of infectious agents such as the human immunodeficiency
virus (“
HIV
”), hepatitis viruses, West Nile virus, and others, as well as for endocrine, drug testing and cancer
diagnostics. We have generated proof-of-concept that PCT may be used to control biomolecular interactions between proteins, such
as antigens and antibodies. We believe this capability may provide a greater degree of sensitivity and quantitative accuracy in
immunodiagnostic testing than that offered by methods that are available today. We have been issued U.S. patents in this area.
Company
Products
We
believe our PCT and CP products allow researchers to improve scientific research studies in the life sciences field. Our products
are developed with the expectation of meeting or exceeding the needs of research scientists while enhancing the safety, speed
and quality that is available to them with existing sample preparation methods.
Barocycler®
Instrumentation
Our
Barocycler® product line consists of laboratory instrumentation that subjects a sample to cycles of pressure from ambient
to ultra-high levels (20,000 psi or greater) and then back to ambient, in a precisely controlled manner.
Our
instruments (the 2320EXT, the Barozyme-HT48, the Barocycler® NEP3229, the HUB440 and the HUB880) use cycles of high, hydrostatic
pressure to quickly and efficiently break up the cellular structures of a specimen to release proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
and small molecules from the specimen into our consumable processing tubes, referred to as our PULSE® Tubes and MicroTubes.
Our instruments have temperature control options (on-board heating or chilling and heating via external circulating water-bath),
automatic fill and dispensing valves, and an integrated micro-processor keypad or a laptop computer. The microprocessor or laptop
computer are capable of saving specific PCT protocols, so the researcher can achieve maximum reproducibility for the preparation
of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, or small molecules from various biological samples. Our Barocycler® instruments and our
consumable products make up our PCT Sample Preparation System.
Barocycler®
2320EXT
- The Barocycler® 2320EXT weighs approximately 80lbs, has a maximum pressure of 45,000 psi, and can process either
up to 16 MicroTubes simultaneously or 1 PULSE® Tube. The working temperature range is 4 – 95ºC and is controlled
via an on-board electric heating jacket or external circulating water bath. All tests are entered and recorded on a touch screen
interface. Information from each test runs (pressure profile, cycle number, and temperature) is recorded and can be stored on
the instrument, on a USB drive, or networked into the user’s lab. Pressure profiles can be manipulated in a number of ways,
including static high pressure holds and pressure ramp programs. The Barocycler® 2320EXT is pneumatic, and requires an input
air source of 100psi to reach and cycle at high pressure.
The
Barocycler® 2320EXT was developed to support the PCT-HD/PCT-SWATH application. PCT-HD enables faster, less cumbersome and
higher quality processing of biopsy tissues. With homogenization, extraction, and digestion of proteins occurring in a single
PCT MicroTube under high pressure. This protocol can yield analytical results in under 4 hours from the start of processing tissues.
PCT-HD was developed by our scientists and engineers in collaboration with Professor Ruedi Aebersold and Dr. Tiannan Guo of the
Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, and the University of Zurich, both in Zurich, Switzerland. Drs. Aebersold
and Guo combined PCT-HD with SCIEX’s SWATH-Mass Spectrometry – calling the resulting method “PCT-SWATH”.
Barocycler®
NEP3229
– The Barocycler® NEP3229 contains two units – a user interface and a power source – comprised
primarily of a 1.5 horsepower motor and pump assembly (hydraulic). Combined, the two components of the NEP3229 weigh approximately
350 pounds. The Barocycler® NEP3229 is capable of processing up to three samples simultaneously using our specially designed,
single-use PULSE® Tubes and up to 48 samples simultaneously using our specially-designed MicroTubes.
Barozyme
HT48
- The Barozyme HT48 is a high throughput, bench-top instrument designed for accelerated enzymatic digestion of proteins
at high pressure. A typical protein digestion time using the enzyme trypsin (a common yet important laboratory procedure) can
be reduced from often requiring an overnight incubation to get to completion to under one hour when the digestion procedure is
carried out under PCT. The Barozyme HT48 uses an air-pressure-to-liquid-pressure proprietary intensifier system, with a pressure
amplification ratio of 160:1, to reach an output pressure of 20,000 psi. The Barozyme HT48 is capable of processing up to 48 samples
at a time in six single-use BaroFlex 8-well Strips in the Barozyme Sample Carrier.
Barocycler®
HUB440
–We believe the Barocycler® HUB440 is the first portable, ready to use, “plug-and-play” high
pressure generator for the laboratory bench. The Barocycler® HUB440 is capable of creating and controlling hydrostatic pressure
from 500 psi to 58,000 psi. It is computer controlled and runs on software that was specially-written by us in LabVIEW (software
from National Instruments Corporation). We own the rights and have a license to use the specialty LabVIEW software. We believe
that over the coming years, the Barocycler® HUB440 may become the main instrument in our pressure-based instrument line.
Barocycler®
HUB880
- The Barocycler® HUB880 is one of our new instruments; it is expected to be available for sale during the first
six months of 2017. It is a compact, portable, bench-top, ultra-high pressure generator that uses an air pressure-to-liquid pressure
intensifier allowing the user to generate fluid pressure as high as 90,000 psi with input air pressure of just 126 psi. The HUB880
can be operated through a simple front panel or controlled using an optional external Data Acquisition and Control Module for
dynamic pressure control. We believe that the HUB880 will be well accepted by scientists that need to achieve super high pressure,
such as those working in the food safety and vaccine industries.
The
Shredder SG3
–
The Shredder SG3 is a low shear mechanical homogenization system for use with tough, fibrous and
other difficult-to-disrupt tissues and organisms. The Shredder SG3 System uses a variety of Shredder PULSE® Tubes to directly
and rapidly grind a biological sample which, when combined with selected buffers, can provide effective extraction of proteins,
DNA, RNA, lipids and small molecules from tissues and organisms. The Shredder SG3 is also used to isolate intact and functional
mitochondria from tissues. The Shredder SG3 features a three position force setting lever, which enables the operator to select
and apply reproducible force to the sample during the shredding process and eliminates the need for the operator to exert force
for long periods when processing one or more samples.
Barocycler®
Consumable Products
PCT
MicroTubes –
PCT MicroTubes are made from a unique fluoropolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). FEP is highly
inert and retains its integrity within an extremely wide temperature range (-200
o
C to +100
o
C). MicroTubes
hold a maximum total volume of 150 microliters. PCT MicroTubes must be used with either PCT-MicroCaps or PCT-MicroPestles.
PCT-MicroCaps
–
PCT MicroCaps are made from polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE). The PCT MicroCaps are available in three sizes to accommodate
total sample volume: 50, 100 and 150uL. 50uL MicroCaps are used with samples ≤50uL, 100uL MicroCaps are used with samples between
50-100uL, and 150uL MicroCaps are used with samples between 100-150uL.
PCT-Micro-Pestle
- PCT μPestles are made from Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, also known
as Teflon (by DuPont Co). PTFE is practically inert; the only chemicals known to affect it are certain alkali metals and most
highly-reactive fluorinating agents. PCT μPestles, in conjunction with PCT MicroTubes, are designed to enhance the extraction
of protein, DNA, RNA and small molecules from minute amounts (0.5 – 3.0 mg) of solid tissue in extraction reagent volumes
as low as 20-30 μL. PCT MicroTubes and PCT μPestles use Pressure Cycling Technology (PCT) to effectively disrupt soft tissues
and lyse their cells. As a result, the tissue sample trapped between the MicroTube end and the μPestles tip is crushed on every
pressure cycle. This mechanical action, combined with the extraction ability of the buffer under high pressure, results in highly
effective tissue homogenization and extraction.
PCT
μPestles and PCT MicroTubes, together with a PBI Barocycler®, comprise the PCT Micro-Pestle System, which provides a fast,
safe, and efficient means of extraction from extremely small amounts of solid samples such as soft animal tissues or biopsies.
The PCT μPestle System can be used in any PBI Barocycler®.
BaroFlex
8-well Processing Strips
- BaroFlex 8-well Strips are used in the Barozyme HT48 (for pressure-enhanced enzymatic digestion
at 20,000 psi). BaroFlex 8-well Strips are made of special high density polyethylene (HDPE) and hold up to 140µl when capped
with the BaroFlex Cap Strips or Mats. BaroFlex 8-Cap Strips and BaroFlex 24-Cap Mats are made of silicone. These single-use caps
are designed to seal BaroFlex 8-well Strips tightly and to prevent fluid exchange between the sample and the Barozyme chamber
fluid during pressure cycling. The silicone caps are available as strips of 8, or mats of 24 caps.
We
believe our development of these various consumable products has helped, and will continue to help, drive the adoption of PCT
within the life sciences market.
Extended
Service Contracts
We
offer extended service contracts on our laboratory instrumentation to all of our customers. These service contracts allow a customer
who purchases a Barocycler® instrument to receive on-site scheduled preventative maintenance, on-site repair and replacement
of all worn or defective component parts, and telephone support, all at no incremental cost for the life of the service contract.
We offer one-year and four-year extended service contracts to customers who purchase Barocycler® instruments.
Manufacturing
and Supply of Our Products
CBM
Industries (Taunton, MA) has recently become the manufacturer of the Barocycler® 2320EXT. CBM is ISO 13485:2003 and 9001:2008
Certified. CBM provides us with precision manufacturing services that include management support services to meet our specific
application and operational requirements. Among the services provided by CBM to us are:
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Machining
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Assembly & Kitting
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Component
and Subassembly Design
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Management
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ISO
certification
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We
believe that outsourcing the manufacturing of our new Barocycler® 2320EXT to CBM is the most cost-effective method at this
time for us to obtain ISO Certified, CE and CSA Marked instruments. CBM’s close proximity to our South Easton, MA facility
is a significant asset enabling interactions between our Engineering, R&D, and Manufacturing groups and their counterparts
at CBM.
Although
we currently manufacture and assemble the Barozyme HT48, Barocycler® HUB440, the SHREDDER SG3, and most of our consumables
at our South Easton, MA facility, we plan to take advantage of the established relationship with CMB and transfer manufacturing
of the entire Barocycler® product line and future instrument products to CBM.
The
Barocycler® NEP3229, launched in 2008, and manufactured by the BIT Group, will be phased out in 2017 and replaced by the new
state-of-the-art Barocycler® HUB, and Barozyme HT product lines.
Constant
Systems, Ltd.
We
are the exclusive distributor, throughout the Americas, for CS cell disruption equipment, parts, and consumables. CS, a British
company located about 90 minutes northwest of London, England, has been providing niche biomedical equipment, related consumable
products, and services to a global client base since 1989. CS designs, develops, and manufactures high pressure cell disruption
equipment required by life sciences laboratories worldwide, particularly disruption systems for the extraction of proteins. The
CS equipment provides a constant and controlled cell disruptive environment, giving the user superior, constant, and reproducible
results whatever the application. CS has over 900 units installed in over 40 countries worldwide. The CS cell disruption equipment
has proven performance in the extraction of cellular components, such as protein from yeast, bacteria, mammalian cells, and other
sample types.
The
CS pressure-based cell disruption equipment and our PCT-based instrumentation complement each other in several important ways.
While both the CS and our technologies are based on high pressure, each product line has fundamental scientific capabilities that
the other does not offer. Our PCT Platform uses certain patented pressure mechanisms to achieve small-scale, molecular level effects.
CS’s technology uses different, proprietary pressure mechanisms for larger-scale, non-molecular level processing. In a number
of routine laboratory applications, such as protein extraction, both effects can be critical to success. Therefore, for protein
extraction and a number of other important scientific applications, we believe laboratories will benefit by using the CS and our
products, either separately or together.
Research
and Development
Our
research and development activities are split into two functional areas: Applications Development and Engineering.
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Applications
Development R&D
: Our highly educated and trained staff has years of experience in molecular and cellular biology,
virology, and proteomics. Our team of scientists focuses on the development and continued improvement of the PCT Sample Preparation
System and on PCT-dependent genomic, proteomic, and small molecule sample preparation applications. Dr. Alexander Lazarev,
our vice president of Research & Development, meets regularly with our sales, marketing, and engineering staff to discuss
market needs and trends. Our applications research and development team is responsible for the technical review of all scientific
collaborations, for the support of our marketing and sales departments through the generation of internal data in a number
of areas of market interest, and in the development of commercially-viable PCT-dependent products.
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Engineering
R&D:
Our engineering research and development team is focused on the design and development of new and improved instrumentation
and consumable products to support the commercialization of PCT. Our engineering department is led by Dr. Edmund Ting, our
senior vice president of engineering. The primary focus of our engineering group is to develop and continually improve our
line of PCT-based instruments and consumables, ensure seamless production processes, perform installations and field service,
and work with our application scientists to enhance our PCT-based systems for the mass spectrometry and other markets.
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Collaboration
Program
Our
collaboration program is an important element of our business strategy. Initiating a collaboration with a researcher involves
the installation of a Barocycler® instrument for an agreed upon period of time of approximately three to twelve months, and
the execution of an agreed upon work plan. Our primary objectives for entering into a collaboration agreement include:
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the
development of a new application for PCT and CP in sample preparation;
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the
advancement and validation of our understanding of PCT and CP within an area of life sciences in which we already offer products;
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the
demonstration of the effectiveness of PCT and CP by specific research scientists, particularly Key Opinion Leaders (“
KOLs
”),
who we believe can have a positive impact on market acceptance of PCT; and
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the
expectation of peer-reviewed publications and/or presentations at scientific meetings by a third party, especially a KOL,
on the merits of PCT and CP.
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Since
we initiated our collaboration program, third party researchers have cited the use of our PCT platform in multiple publications
and presentations. We believe that this program has provided and continues to provide us with independent and objective data about
PCT from well-respected laboratories in the United States and throughout the rest of the world.
Government
Grants and Contracts
We
view federal agency grants to be an important part of our business plan. These types of grants allow us to bill the federal agency
for work that we are planning to perform as part of the development and commercialization of our technology. We generally start
by submitting initial grant requests that are in response to requests for proposals (“
RFPs
”) from the federal
government through their Small Business Innovation Research (“
SBIR
”) program. Initial (“
SBIR Phase
I
”) grants are meant to fund approved research projects for six months, and generally have budgets of approximately
$100,000 to $150,000. Because our work in SBIR Phase I grants has been successful, we have applied, and may in the future apply
for larger NIH SBIR Phase II grants. Such larger grants are typically for a two-year period and can offer as much as $1,000,000
to support significant research projects in areas we would otherwise expect to support with internal funds should SBIR Phase II
grants not be awarded. To date, we have been awarded five NIH SBIR Phase I grants and three SBIR Phase II grants. The data on
three of the NIH SBIR Phase I grants were the basis for the submission, and subsequent award. Of the three NIH SBIR Phase II grants
awarded to us: one was in the approximate amount of $845,000 in August 2008, the second was in the approximate amount of $850,000
in September 2011, and the third award was in the approximate amount of $1,020,000 awarded in November 2014. All three of the
NIH SBIR Phase I grants and the August 2008 and September 2011, NIH SBIR Phase II grants have been completed.
The
2008 SBIR Phase II grant (2R44GM079059) was awarded to us by the NIH for work in the area of using PCT to extract protein biomarkers,
sub-cellular molecular complexes, and organelles, with the expectation that these studies might ultimately lead to the release
of a new, commercially available PCT-based system, with validated protocols, end-user kits, and other consumables intended for
the extraction of clinically important protein biomarkers, sub-cellular molecular complexes, and organelles from human and animal
tissues. The 2011 SBIR II contract (W81XWH-10-C-0-175) was awarded to us by the U.S. Army for the development of a universal method
for the inactivation, extraction, and enrichment of pathogens in diagnostic samples, including arthropod hosts of military importance.
The work covered by this grant was significant in helping us develop the recently released Barozyme HT48 High Throughput System.
The 2014 SBIR Phase II grant (2R44HG007136) was awarded to us by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the NIH. Entitled
“High Pressure Sample Preparation Instrumentation for DNA Sequencing”, this grant will help fund the development of
an automated, high-throughput, high pressure system (instrument and consumables), to enable significantly better control of DNA
fragmentation - a critical step in the preparation of samples for Next Generation Sequencing platforms. This system will be based
on significant technological advancements over the classic hydrodynamic DNA shearing approach that has been successfully and widely
used in the field of DNA sequencing for many years.
Customers
Our
customers include researchers at academic laboratories, government agencies, biotechnology companies, pharmaceutical companies
and other life science institutions in the United States, Europe, and in Asia. Our goal is to continue aggressive market penetration
in these target groups. We also believe that there is a significant opportunity to sell and/or lease additional Barocycler®
instrumentation to additional laboratories at current customer institutions.
If
we are successful in commercializing PCT in applications beyond our current focus area of genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small
molecule sample preparation, and if we are successful in our attempts to attract additional capital, our potential customer base
could expand to include hospitals, reference laboratories, pharmaceutical manufacturing plants and other sites involved in each
specific application. If we are successful in forensics, our potential customers could be forensic laboratories, military and
other government agencies. If we are successful in histology (extraction of biomolecules from FFPE tissues), our potential customers
could be pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and laboratories focused on drug discovery or correlation of disease states.
Competition
We
compete with companies that have existing technologies for the extraction of nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules from
cells and tissues, including methods such as mortar and pestle grinding, sonication, rotor-stator homogenization, French Press,
bead beating, freezer milling, enzymatic digestion and chemical dissolution. We believe that there are a number of significant
issues related to the use of these methods, including: complexity, sample containment, possibility of cross-contamination, shearing
of biomolecules of interest, and limited applicability to different sample types, ease-of-use, reproducibility, and cost. We believe
that our PCT Sample Preparation System offers a number of significant advantages over these methods, including:
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labor
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versatility
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temperature
control
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efficiency
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precision
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simplicity
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reproducibility
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safety
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To
be competitive in the industry, we believe we must be able to clearly and conclusively demonstrate to potential customers that
our products provide these improved performance capabilities. We strongly believe that our PCT Sample Preparation System is a
novel and enabling system for genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small molecule sample preparation. As such, many users of current
manual techniques may be willing to challenge their existing methods of sample preparation and invest time to evaluate a method
that could change their overall workflow in the sample preparation process, prior to adopting our technology.
Further,
we are aware that the cost of the PCT Sample Preparation System may be greater than the cost of many of the other sample preparation
methods currently employed. Consequently, we are focusing our sales efforts on those product attributes that we believe will be
most important and appealing to potential customers, namely versatility, reproducibility, quality and safety.
Product
Pipeline
The
following instruments are in our research and development pipeline:
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●
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Barocycler®
FFPE Protein Extraction Instrument System
- A PCT-based system offering the enhanced extraction of proteins from FFPE
samples using a modified Barocycler® instrument that combines the advantages of pressure cycling, high temperature and
certain reagents.
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●
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XstreamPCT™
HPLC Digestion Module
- For automated, in-line, on-demand PCT-enhanced protein digestion; the first module in our
PCT-based HPLC platform.
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Sales
and Marketing
Our
marketing and sales function is led by Dr. Nathan Lawrence, our vice president of Marketing and Sales. Dr. Lawrence oversees and
directs marketing and sales activities such as trade show attendance and sponsorship, on-line advertising, website maintenance
and improvement, search engine optimization, creation and dissemination of a PCT newsletter, market research initiatives, the
arrangement of on-location seminars, lectures, and demonstrations of PCT capabilities, and the supervision of our one-person sales
force. Dr. Lawrence is also responsible for the overall coordination of our collaboration programs, from initial set-up, research
plan design, and training, service, and data analysis. Some of these responsibilities are shared with other departments such as
Research and Development, but marketing and sales drives the collaborative process. Dr. Lawrence is also responsible for the continued
coordination and support of our foreign distribution partners.
Our
sales and marketing efforts are centered on using the independent data developed and disseminated by our collaboration partners
to help drive the installed base of our PCT Sample Preparation System. The development of scientific data by our partners and
our internal researchers provides our sales and marketing staff with additional tools that are essential in selling a paradigm-shifting,
new technology such as PCT.
Sales
Direct
US Sales Force
Our
domestic sales force currently consists of one full-time sales director and one part-time salesperson. We have committed to a
plan to increase the number of full-time sales professionals in late 2016 and early 2017 by a minimum of two additional full-time
staff. We expect to hire additional sales and marketing personnel throughout 2017, with a goal that our sales and marketing department
will have a minimum of six staff focused on sales and two on marketing before the end of 2017.
Marketing
Strategy
We
recognize that our enabling pressure cycling technology (PCT) is novel. Consequently, the power of PCT is not yet generally known
by researchers. Our first goal is to greatly broaden the awareness of PCT and its applications among scientists and to ensure
they know that this technology exists through our Barocycler® family of high-pressure instruments and requisite consumables.
To accomplish this expansion of knowledge about PCT and the subsequent adoption of our PCT-based products, we have developed and
are implementing a multi-faceted approach to marketing the PCT platform.
Key
Opinion Leaders and Publications
To
initially reach scientists, we have established collaborations with key opinion leaders (KOL) that recognized early the potential
for PCT and went on to report their discoveries in peer reviewed journals. Among the KOLs working with us is Dr. Ruedi Aebersold
(Head of the Department of Biology, ETH, Zurich). Dr. Aebersold, a pioneer in proteomics, worked with our scientist and engineers
to develop PCT-SWATH (aka PCT-HD), a superior method for the extraction and preparation of proteins for the downstream analysis
by mass spectrometry. Other KOLs include, Dr. Jennifer van Eyk (Director of
Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute in the Department
of Biomedical Sciences
Cedar Sinai, Los Angeles, CA) and Dr. Wayne Hubble (Jules Stein Professor at the University of California,
LA). Dr. van Eyk is a recognized expert in the causes of heart disease and is using PCT in her attempt to discover cardiac disease
biomarkers. Dr. Hubble, a member of the National Academy of Science, is a leader in the field of electron paramagnetic resonance
(EPR). He uses PCT in his studies of protein-protein interactions, so very important in the discovery of drugs and drug design.
The publications and presentations of these and other world class scientists have been invaluable in gaining initial entry of
PCT in several areas of research. In addition to publications by our KOLs, there are also many peer reviewed publications from
dozens of other scientists discussing the advantages of the PCT platform in bio-molecule sample preparation. To this end, we do
all we can to disseminate the work of these scientists in an effort to increase the exposure of PCT to the worldwide research
community.
Broadcasting
PCT and Our Products
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1.
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We
attend, exhibit, and present at top scientific meetings such as the American Society of Mass Spectrometry (ASMS) and both
the US and International meetings of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO). These meetings are an opportunity to present
our technology and to showcase our products to scientists who require sample preparation in their research studies.
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2.
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Routine
and timely “blast” emails to scientists in our database. Topics include new PCT-related publications, announcements
of meetings, product advertisements, and a monthly newsletter. The database we use is proprietary, as it has been built from
attending scientific meetings and searching the internet for relevant publications and contact information.
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3.
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We
manage our database with SalesForce, a state-of-the-art Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. Through SalesForce,
we employ the marketing automation software Pardot to manage our email blasts. Pardot enables us to assess open rate, level
of interest, and create automatic and constant contact with potential clients.
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4.
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We
use social media platforms like LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook to broadcast publications, webinars, our presence at scientific
meetings, and press releases. Social media enables us to easily reach scientists world-wide.
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5.
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In
2016, we significantly upgraded our website. The upgraded website contains a state-of-the art search engine that enables researchers
to rapidly find PCT-related publications and products.
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6.
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The
website contains videos of our products. In 2016, we contracted with BioCompare to produce a high quality video showing PCT-HD
and the uses of our Barocycler® 2320EXT and the MicroTube System.
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7.
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Our
scientists regularly present their findings and discuss our products at scientific sessions at regional, national, and international
scientific conferences, and at corporate, government, and academic laboratories.
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8.
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In
addition to electronic advertising, we have used and will continue to use print media to showcase our products.
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In
2017, we plan to expand our Marketing team to support these and additional initiatives.
Foreign
Distributor Network
Exclusive
Agreements
Currently,
we have distribution arrangements covering China, Poland, 24 countries in Europe, and Japan. We expect the following agreements
will be extended during 2017 for a minimum of at least two additional years.
In
May of 2014, we entered into a three-year distribution agreement with Powertech Technology Co, Ltd., of China, pursuant to which
we were granted Powertech Technology exclusive distribution rights to all of our products in China.
In
February 2016, we entered into a three-year distribution agreement with
bioanalytic
of Poland, pursuant to which PBI granted
bioanalytic
exclusive distribution rights to all of our products in Poland.
In
September of 2016, we entered into a three-year distribution agreement with Vita Co. of Japan, pursuant to which we were granted
Vita Co. exclusive distribution rights to all of our products in Japan.
In
September of 2016, we entered into a distribution agreement with I&L GmbH, of Germany pursuant, to which were granted I&L,
exclusive distribution rights to all of our products in the countries designated as Western Europe (Andorra, Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Norway,
Netherlands, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom)
Non-Exclusive
and Other Distribution Agreements
In
November 2011, we entered into a distributor agreement with OROBOROS Instruments Corp. (“
OROBOROS
”) of Austria
pursuant to which we were granted OROBOROS non-exclusive world-wide distribution rights to our Shredder SG3 System and related
products.
In
June 2013, CS and PBI signed an expanded Distribution Agreement that made us the exclusive distributor of CS products throughout
all of the Americas until 2019.
In
January 2016, SCIEX, a global leader in life science analytical technologies, announced an exclusive two-year co-marketing agreement
with PBI. In their press release, SCIEX stated that the relationship with us will uniquely position SCIEX to address a major challenge
in complex sample preparation by marketing a complete solution to increase the depth, breadth, and reproducibility of protein
extraction, digestion, and quantitation in all tissue types, including challenging samples like tumors. Under the agreement, PBI
and SCIEX will promote PCT Sample Preparation Systems such as PCT-HD with SWATH® Acquisition-based next generation proteomics,
TripleTOF® Systems, QTRAP® Systems, and Triple Quad Systems. This focus on improved sample preparation, a crucial step
performed in research laboratories worldwide, will enable scientists to extract more proteins reproducibly from complex sample
types, potentially yielding superior biological insights and discoveries.
Competitive
Advantages/Operational Strengths
Our
platforms are based on our patented and proprietary Pressure Cycling Technology (PCT). We believe the PCT platform provides distinct
and important competitive advantages over other sample preparation methods, as it:
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●
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has
been shown to extract more classes of proteins from tissues and cells than many other current sample, preparation methods.
This claim is supported by several publications and presentations, most notably by Dr. R. Aebersold, Professor at the Institute
of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH-Zurich. Dr. Aebersold’s publications include:
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Stratification
of Histologically Indistinguishable Prostate Cancer Tissue Biopsy Samples Using Quantitative Proteotypes Obtained by PCT-SWATH
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Tiannan
Guo
1
; Li Li
2
; Ulrich Wagner
3
; Qing Zhong
3,
et al.
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1:Dep
Biol, Inst Mol Sys Biol, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2:CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 3:Institute of
Surgical Pathology, University Hospit, Zürich, Switzerland; 4:Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hands
Free Sample Homogenization and Protein Extraction from Small Tissue Biopsy Using Pressure Cycling Technology and MicroPestle
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Shiying
Shao
1,2
; Vera Gross
3
; Wen Yan
1,2
; Tiannan Guo
2
; Alexander Lazarev
3
;
Ruedi Aebersold
1,4
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1:Institute
of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland; 2:Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China; 3:Pressure
BioSciences, Inc., South Easton, MA; 4:University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mass
Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Quest for Diabetes Biomarkers
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Shiying
Shao
a,b
; Tiannan Guo
b
; Ruedi Aebersold
b,c
a:Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong
University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China; b:Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology,
ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 16, 8093, Switzerland; c: Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1854 (2015) 519-527
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The
above publications, as well as additional publications by Dr. Aebersold and the publications of other scientists, may be found
on our website, specifically under: http://www.pressurebiosciences.com/documents/pct-hd-pct-swath.
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●
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can
accelerate enzymatic digestion of proteins for analysis by mass spectrometry from overnight to under an hour. The claim is
supported by several experiments. For example, Dr. A. Ivanov published “Proteomics under Pressure: Development of Essential
Sample Preparation Techniques in Proteomics Using Ultrahigh Hydrostatic Pressure, while at Harvard School of Public Health.
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Proteomics
under Pressure: Development of Essential Sample Preparation Techniques in Proteomics Using Ultrahigh Hydrostatic Pressure
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Emily
Freeman and Alexander R. Ivanov
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J.
Proteome Res.
,
2011
,
10
(12), pp 5536–5546
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Dr.
Ivanov and other scientists’ publications demonstrating that pressure can acceleration enzymatic digestion may be found
under our website, specifically under:
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http://www.pressurebiosciences.com/documents/pressure-enhanced-enzymology
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●
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enables
efficient sample prep workflows for processing minute amounts of tissue with excellent yields and reproducibility for researchers
in the growing precision and translational medicine fields.
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Summary
of Growth Strategy
Our
growth strategy includes:
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Expanding
our United States salesforce.
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Aggressively
promoting the PCT-HD System, which includes the Barocycler® 2320EXT, MicroTube System, and MicroPestles.
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Expanding
our number of international distributers.
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Actively
promoting our other Barocycler® products, accessories, and consumables, including but not limited to, the Barozyme, the
HUB440, and HUB880.
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Development
of new applications for the Barocycler® 2320EXT, such as, but not limited to, clinical applications.
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Development
of new high-pressure applications for industries outside of biotechnology, such as, but not limited to, food science.
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Development
of new high-pressure instruments, devices, and consumables to meet the growing demand for pressure-based technology.
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Intellectual
Property
We
believe that protection of our patents and other intellectual property is essential to our business. Subject to the availability
of sufficient financial resources, our practice is to file patent applications to protect technology, inventions, and improvements
to inventions that are important to our business development. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, and technological innovations
to develop and maintain our potential competitive position.
PBI
has 14 United States granted patents and 1 foreign granted patent (Japan: 5587770, EXTRACTION AND PARTITIONING OF MOLECULES)
covering multiple applications of PCT in the life sciences field. Our issued patents expire between 2017 and 2032. PBI also has
19 pending patents in the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, China, and Taiwan. Our failure to obtain and maintain adequate patent
protection may adversely affect our ability to enter into, or affect the terms of, any arrangement for the marketing or sale of
any of our PCT products. It may also allow our competitors to duplicate our products without our permission and without compensation.
License
Agreements Relating to Pressure Cycling Technology
BioMolecular
Assays, Inc.
In
1996, we acquired our initial equity interest in BioSeq, Inc., which at the time was developing our original pressure cycling
technology. BioSeq, Inc. acquired its pressure cycling technology from BioMolecular Assays, Inc. under a technology transfer and
patent assignment agreement. In 1998, we purchased all of the remaining outstanding capital stock of BioSeq, Inc., and at such
time, the technology transfer and patent assignment agreement was amended to require us to pay BioMolecular Assays, Inc., a 5%
royalty on our sales of products or services that incorporate or utilize the original pressure cycling technology that BioSeq,
Inc. acquired from BioMolecular Assays, Inc. We are also required to pay BioMolecular Assays, Inc. 5% of the proceeds from any
sale, transfer or license of all or any portion of the original pressure cycling technology. These payment obligations terminated
in May 2016. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we incurred approximately $31,301 and $31,835, respectively, in
royalty expense associated with our obligation to BioMolecular Assays, Inc.
In
connection with our acquisition of BioSeq, Inc., we licensed certain limited rights to the original pressure cycling technology
back to BioMolecular Assays, Inc. This license is non-exclusive and limits the use of the original pressure cycling technology
by BioMolecular Assays, Inc. solely for molecular applications in scientific research and development and in scientific plant
research and development. BioMolecular Assays, Inc. is required to pay us a royalty equal to 20% of any license or other fees
and royalties, but not including research support and similar payments, it receives in connection with any sale, assignment, license
or other transfer of any rights granted to BioMolecular Assays, Inc. under the license. BioMolecular Assays, Inc. must pay us
these royalties until the expiration in March 2016 of the patents held by BioSeq, Inc. since 1998. We have not received any royalty
payments from BioMolecular Assays, Inc. under this license.
Battelle
Memorial Institute
In
December 2008, we entered into an exclusive patent license agreement with the Battelle Memorial Institute (“
Battelle
”).
The licensed technology is the subject of a patent application filed by Battelle in 2008 and relates to a method and a system
for improving the analysis of protein samples, including through an automated system utilizing pressure and a pre-selected agent
to obtain a digested sample in a significantly shorter period of time than current methods, while maintaining the integrity of
the sample throughout the preparatory process. In addition to royalty payments on net sales on “licensed products,”
we are obligated to make minimum royalty payments for each year that we retain the rights outlined in the patent license agreement
and we are required to have our first commercial sale of the licensed products within one year following the issuance of the patent
covered by the licensed technology. After re-negotiating the terms of the contract in 2013, the minimum annual royalty was
$1,200 in 2014 and $2,000 in 2015; the minimum royalties are $3,000 in 2016, $4,000 in 2017 and $5,000 in 2018 and each calendar
year thereafter during the term of the agreement.
Regulation
Many
of our activities are subject to regulation by governmental authorities within the United States and similar bodies outside of
the United States. The regulatory authorities may govern the collection, testing, manufacturing, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage,
record keeping, transportation, approval, advertising, and promotion of our products, as well as the training of our employees.
Currently,
all of our commercialization efforts are focused in the area of genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and small molecule sample preparation.
We do not believe that our current Barocycler® products used in sample preparation are considered “medical devices”
under the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “
FDA Act
”) and we do not believe that we are subject
to the law’s general control provisions that include requirements for registration, listing of devices, quality regulations,
labeling and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. We also do not believe that we are subject to regulatory inspection
and scrutiny. If, however, we are successful in commercializing PCT in applications beyond our current focus area of genomic,
proteomic, lipidomic, and small molecule sample preparation, such as protein purification, pathogen inactivation and immunodiagnostics,
our products may be considered “medical devices” under the FDA Act, at which point we would be subject to the law’s
general control provisions and regulation by the FDA that include requirements for registration listing of devices, quality regulations,
labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration. The process of obtaining approval to market these devices in
the other potential applications of PCT would be costly and time consuming and could prohibit us from pursuing such markets.
Some
of our devices may also become subject to the European Pressure Equipment Directive, which requires certain pressure equipment
meet certain quality and safety standards. We do not believe that we are currently subject to this directive because our Barocycler®
instruments are below the threshold documented in the text of the directive. If our interpretation were to be challenged, we could
incur significant costs defending the challenge, and we could face production and selling delays, all of which could harm our
business.
We
self-certified that our Barocycler® instrumentation was electromagnetically compatible, or “CE” compliant, which
means that our Barocycler® instruments meet the essential requirements of the relevant European health, safety and environmental
protection legislation. In order to maintain our CE Marking, a requirement to sell equipment in many countries of the European
Union, we are obligated to uphold certain safety and quality standards. Due to outsourcing manufacturing to CBM, an ISO certified
contract manufacturer, we believe compliance with CE and other required marks and certifications is well controlled.
Employees
At
December 22, 2016, we had nine (9) full-time employees and four (4) part-time employees. All employees enter into confidentiality
agreements intended to protect our proprietary information. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. None of
our employees are represented by a labor union. Our performance depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified professional,
scientific and technical staff. The level of competition among employers for skilled personnel is high. Subject to our limited
financial resources, we attempt to maintain employee benefit plans to enhance employee morale, professional commitment and work
productivity and provide an incentive for employees to remain with us.
Properties
Our
corporate office is currently located at 14 Norfolk Avenue, South Easton, Massachusetts 02375. We are currently paying $4,800
per month, on a lease extension, signed on December 29, 2015, that expires December 31, 2016, for our corporate office.
On
November 1, 2014 we signed a lease for lab space in Medford, MA. We subsequently expanded our space in Medford. The lease expires
December 30, 2017 and requires monthly payments of $5,385 subject to annual cost of living increases.
Legal
Proceedings
We
are not currently involved in any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or
results of operations. There is no action, suit, or proceeding by any public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization
or body pending or, to the knowledge of our executive officers, threatened against or affecting us, our common stock, our subsidiary
or any officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.
DIRECTORS
AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
As
of the date of this prospectus, our directors and executive officers are as follows:
Name
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Age
|
|
Position
|
|
Board
Committees
|
|
Term
of
office
expires:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Richard T. Schumacher
|
|
66
|
|
President, Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer,
Clerk and Director
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jeffrey N. Peterson
|
|
61
|
|
Chairman of the Board
|
|
Audit, Compensation, Nominating
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Dr. Mickey Urdea
|
|
64
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vito J. Mangiardi
|
|
68
|
|
Director
|
|
Audit, Compensation, Nominating
|
|
2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kevin A. Pollack
|
|
46
|
|
Director
|
|
Audit, Compensation, Nominating
|
|
2019
|
The
following noteworthy experience, qualifications, attributes and skills for each Board member, together with the biographical information
for each nominee described below, led to our conclusion that the person should serve as a director in light of our business and
structure:
Mr.
Richard T. Schumacher
, the founder of the Company, has served as a director of the Company since 1978. He has served as
the Company’s Chief Executive Officer since April 16, 2004 and President since September 14, 2004. He previously served
as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company from 1992 to February 2003. From July 9, 2003 until April
14, 2004 he served as a consultant to the Company pursuant to a consulting agreement. He served as President of the Company from
1978 to August 1999. Mr. Schumacher served as the Director of Infectious Disease Services for Clinical Sciences Laboratory, a
New England-based medical reference laboratory, from 1986 to 1988. From 1972 to 1985, Mr. Schumacher was employed by the Center
for Blood Research, a nonprofit medical research institute associated with Harvard Medical School. Mr. Schumacher received a B.S.
in Zoology from the University of New Hampshire.
Mr.
Jeffrey N. Peterson
has served as a director of the Company since July 2011 and as Chairman of the Board starting in 2012.
Since 1999, he has served as the chief executive officer of Target Discovery, Inc. (“TDI”), a personalized medicine
diagnostics (PMDx) company. Mr. Peterson also serves as Chairman of TDI’s majority-owned subsidiary, Veritomyx, Inc., which
is completing development and commercialization of software tools for accurate peptide, protein and isoform identification and
characterization. Prior to incorporating and joining TDI, Mr. Peterson served as CEO of Sharpe, Peterson, Ocheltree & Associates,
an international business development consulting firm assisting Fortune 500 and many smaller firms in business expansion and strategy.
Prior to that, he spent 9 years in key management roles in Abbott Laboratories’ Diagnostics and International (Pharmaceuticals,
Hospital Products, Nutritionals, and Consumer) businesses, last serving as CEO and General Manager of Abbott South Africa. Mr.
Peterson’s experience prior to Abbott Laboratories included 11 years with General Electric’s Engineered Materials
and Plastics businesses, spanning roles in strategic planning, business development, technology licensing, marketing and sales,
operations, quality control and R&D. Mr. Peterson holds BSChE and MSChE (Chemical Engineering) degrees from MIT, as well as
6 issued US and many related international patents, and has authored articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Mr. Peterson
is Chair Emeritus of the BayBio Institute, a non-profit organization serving the regional life science community. He served for
12 years on the Board of BayBio, the trade association for the life sciences industry in Northern California. He was a cofounder
of the Coalition for 21st Century Medicine, and of BIO’s Personalized Medicine & Diagnostics Working Group, and served
on the board of Advisors for the Center for Professional Development and Entrepreneurship at the University of Texas MD Anderson
Cancer Center. Mr. Peterson has lived and worked overseas for 18 years, in the Middle East, Europe and Africa, and is Chair Emeritus
of the American International School of Johannesburg.
Mr.
Vito J. Mangiardi
has served as a director of the Company since July 2012. Mr. Mangiardi is an accomplished senior executive
with proven experience as a President, CEO and COO in the Life Sciences and Bio Energy product and service sectors. Mr. Mangiardi
has held positions as a Research Chemist for Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.; Sales & Marketing Director for Baxter Travenol, Inc.;
Executive VP and COO for Quintiles Transnational Corp.; President and CEO of Diagnostics Laboratories, Inc., Clingenix, Inc.,
and Bilcare, Inc.; and President of AAI Pharma, Inc. More recently he was the COO/Deputy Director of Operations and Production
at the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Joint Genome Institute. Mr. Mangiardi has experience with
three start-ups, two midsize, and several mature companies, and has international experience leading and managing organizations
on four continents. He has experience in leading alliances, acquisitions, due diligence, and post-acquisition assimilation. Mr.
Mangiardi has been on the Board of Directors of three companies and has proven success in working with both national and international
investment groups to raise funds. Mr. Mangiardi earned a BS in Biology/Chemistry from Eastern Illinois University and two MBA
degrees from Golden Gate University - in General Management and in Marketing. Mr. Mangiardi is listed as an inventor on four patents
and has published articles in various publications in protein separation techniques in the area of metabolism, thyroid, anemia/hematology
and cancer, and is a member of numerous professional organizations. In March of 2011 Mr. Mangiardi became founding partner, President
and CEO of Marin Bay Partners, LLC (MBP), a consulting firm focused on life sciences, pharmaceutical development and clinical
diagnostics.
Mr.
Kevin A. Pollack
has served as a director of the Company since July 2012. Mr. Pollack has been the Chief Financial
Officer of Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (OPNT-OTCQB), a specialty pharmaceutical company developing pharmacological treatments
for substance use, addictive, and eating disorders since November 2012. He has been an investment banker and securities attorney
at Banc of America Securities LLC and Sidley Austin LLP (formerly Brown & Wood LLP), respectively, and has previous asset
management experience at Paragon Capital LP since October of 2007. Mr. Pollack is a magna cum laude graduate of the Wharton School
of the University of Pennsylvania and holds J.D. and M.B.A. degrees from Vanderbilt University, where he graduated with Beta Gamma
Sigma honors. Currently, he presently sits on the Boards of Directors of Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and MagneGas Corporation
(MNGA-NASDAQ), an alternative energy company. Mr. Pollack also is President of Short Hills Capital LLC.
Dr.
Michael S. “Mickey” Urdea
has served as a director of the Company since February 8, 2013. Dr. Urdea is a Founder
and Partner for Halteres Associates, a biotechnology consulting firm since June 2011. He also founded and served as Chief Executive
Officer of Tethys Bioscience, a proteomics-based diagnostics company involved in preventative personalized medicine. Additionally,
Dr. Urdea is a founder and the Chairman of Catalysis Foundation for Health, an organization addressing gaps in global healthcare
caused by inefficiencies in disease diagnosis and monitoring. He serves as an expert consultant to the life sciences industry
and is on the scientific advisory boards and boards of directors of a number of biotechnology, diagnostics, venture capital and
philanthropic organizations. Prior to his current business activities, Dr. Urdea founded the Nucleic Acid Diagnostics group at
Chiron Corporation, and with colleagues, invented branched DNA molecules for amplification of signal in nucleic acid complexes.
Application of this technology resulted in the first commercial products for quantification of human hepatitis B, hepatitis C,
and human immunodeficiency viruses (HBV, HCV and HIV, respectively). He then became business head of the Molecular Diagnostics
group and Chief Scientific Officer at Bayer Diagnostics. He continues to serve as a diagnostics industry, product development
and scientific advisor to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, acted as co-chair of two of the Grand Challenges grant review
committees, and served as a member of its Diagnostic Forum. Dr. Urdea is an author on nearly 200 peer-reviewed scientific publications,
nearly 300 abstracts and international scientific presentations, and more than 100 issued and pending patents. He received his
BS in Biology and Chemistry from Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff and his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Washington State
University.
Family
Relationships
There
are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.
Board
Composition and Director Independence
As of the date
of this prospectus, our board of directors consists of five members: Richard T. Schumacher, Jeffrey N. Peterson, Vito J.
Mangiardi, Kevin A. Pollack and Dr. Michael S. “Mickey” Urdea. The directors will serve until our next annual
meeting and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
In
making the determination of whether a member of the board is independent, our board considers, among other things, transactions
and relationships between each director and his immediate family and the Company, including those reported under the caption “Related
Party Transactions”. The purpose of this review is to determine whether any such relationships or transactions are material
and, therefore, inconsistent with a determination that the directors are independent. On the basis of such review and its understanding
of such relationships and transactions, our board affirmatively determined that each of Messrs. Peterson, Mangiardi, Pollack,
and Dr. Urdea are independent and that none of them have any material relationship with us that might interfere with his or her
exercise of independent judgment. We define “independent” as that term is defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ
listing standards.
Board
Committees
We
have established an audit committee and a compensation committee. The Board intends for each committee to have its own charter
prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Upon effectiveness of the registration
statement of which this prospectus forms a part, each of the board committees will have the composition and responsibilities described
below.
Audit
Committee
The
Audit Committee was established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Messrs. Pollack
(chairman), Mangiardi and Peterson are currently the members of the Audit Committee.
The
Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Pollack qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in
Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K and is “independent” as defined by SEC and OTC Market rules.
The
Audit Committee operates pursuant to a written charter (the “
Audit Committee Charter
”), a current copy of which
is publicly available on the investor relations portion of our website at www.pressurebiosciences.com. Under the provisions of
the Audit Committee Charter, the primary functions of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board of Directors with the oversight
of (i) our financial reporting process, accounting functions, and internal controls, and (ii) the qualifications, independence,
appointment, retention, compensation, and performance of our independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee
is also responsible for the establishment of “whistle-blowing” procedures, and the oversight of other compliance matters.
Compensation
Committee
The
Board of Directors has a Compensation Committee, consisting of Messrs. Peterson, Pollack and Mangiardi. The Compensation Committee’s
duties include (i) reviewing and approving our executive compensation, (ii) reviewing the recommendations of the president and
chief executive officer regarding the compensation of our executive officers, (iii) evaluating the performance of the president
and chief executive officer, (iv) overseeing the administration and approval of grants of stock options and other equity awards
under our equity incentive plans, and (v) recommending compensation for our board of directors and each committee thereof for
review and approval by the board of directors. The Compensation Committee operates pursuant to a written charter, a current copy
of which is publicly available on the investor relations portion of our website at www.pressurebiosciences.com.
Involvement
in Certain Legal Proceedings
To
the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or executive officers has, during the past ten years:
|
●
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been
convicted in a criminal proceeding or been subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other
minor offenses);
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
had
any bankruptcy petition filed by or against the business or property of the person, or of any partnership, corporation or
business association of which he was a general partner or executive officer, either at the time of the bankruptcy filing or
within two years prior to that time;
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
been
subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction
or federal or state authority, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting, his involvement
in any type of business, securities, futures, commodities, investment, banking, savings and loan, or insurance activities,
or to be associated with persons engaged in any such activity;
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
been
found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity
Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been
reversed, suspended, or vacated;
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
been
the subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently
reversed, suspended or vacated (not including any settlement of a civil proceeding among private litigants), relating to an
alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial
institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement
or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order, or
any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
been
the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory
organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of
the Commodity Exchange Act), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority
over its members or persons associated with a member.
|
Except
as set forth in our discussion below in “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,” none of our directors or
executive officers has been involved in any transactions with us or any of our directors, executive officers, affiliates or associates
which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Commission.
EXECUTIVE
COMPENSATION
Executive
Officer Compensation
Summary
Compensation Table
The
Summary Compensation Table below sets forth the total compensation paid or earned for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015
and 2014 for: (i) each individual serving as our chief executive officer (“
CEO
”) or acting in a similar capacity
during any part of fiscal 2015; and (ii) the other two most highly paid executive officers (collectively, the “
Named
Executive Officers
”) who were serving as executive officers at the end of fiscal 2015.
Name
and Principal Position
|
|
Fiscal
Year
|
|
Salary
(1)
|
|
|
Bonus
|
|
|
Stock
Awards
|
|
|
Option
Awards
(2)
|
|
|
Non-Qualified
Deferred Compensation Earning
|
|
|
All
other Compensation
(3)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Richard
T. Schumacher
|
|
2015
|
|
$
|
294,250
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
343,000
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
16,098
|
|
|
$
|
653,348
|
|
President,
CEO
|
|
2014
|
|
|
294,250
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
71,820
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
70,880
|
|
|
|
436,950
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edmund
Ting, Ph.D.
|
|
2015
|
|
|
197,600
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
35,672
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,216
|
|
|
|
234,488
|
|
Senior
Vice President of
|
|
2014
|
|
|
197,600
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
47,880
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,670
|
|
|
|
247,150
|
|
Engineering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alexander
Lazarev, Ph.D.
|
|
2015
|
|
|
165,600
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
31,556
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,656
|
|
|
|
204,812
|
|
Vice
President of
|
|
2014
|
|
|
165,600
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
35,910
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
7,910
|
|
|
|
209,420
|
|
Research
and Development
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Salary refers to base salary compensation paid through our normal payroll process. No cash bonus was paid to any named executive
officer for 2015 or 2014.
(2)
Amounts shown do not reflect cash received by the Named Executive Officers. Instead, the amounts shown are the aggregate grant
date fair value of option awards as determined pursuant to FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Please refer to Note
2, xiii, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, for the relevant assumptions used to determine the valuation of stock option grants.
(3)
“All Other Compensation” includes our Company match to the executives’ 401(k) contribution and premiums paid
on life insurance for the executives. Both of these benefits are available to all of our employees. In the case of Mr. Schumacher,
“All Other Compensation” also includes $13,448 in premiums we paid for a life insurance policy to which Mr. Schumacher’s
wife is the beneficiary and $50,927 in payments for earned but unused paid time off. “All Other Compensation” for
Dr. Lazarev includes $6,000 paid to Dr. Lazarev in lieu of his participation in the medical benefit plan offered by us.
Outstanding
Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding outstanding stock options awards for each of the Named Executive Officers
as of December 31, 2015.
|
|
Option
Awards
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Number
of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options
Exercisable
|
|
|
Number
of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options
Unexercisable
(1)
|
|
|
Option
Exercise Price ($)
|
|
|
Option
Expiration Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Richard
T. Schumacher
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
3/30/2016
|
|
President,
CEO
|
|
|
70,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
2/12/2017
|
|
|
|
|
75,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
3/12/2019
|
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
9/9/2021
|
|
|
|
|
28,125
|
|
|
|
1,875
|
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
3/13/2022
|
|
|
|
|
75,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
5/14/2023
|
|
|
|
|
125,007
|
|
|
|
174,993
|
(2)
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
9/24/2024
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,250,000
|
(3)
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
12/31/2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edmund
Y. Ting, Ph.D.
|
|
|
12,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
3/30/2016
|
|
Senior
Vice President of Engineering
|
|
|
60,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
4/24/2016
|
|
|
|
|
42,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
2/12/2017
|
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
9/9/2021
|
|
|
|
|
16,406
|
|
|
|
1,094
|
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
3/13/2022
|
|
|
|
|
54,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
5/14/2023
|
|
|
|
|
83,338
|
|
|
|
116,662
|
(2)
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
9/24/2024
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
130,000
|
(3)
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
12/31/2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alexander
V. Lazarev, Ph.D.
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
3/30/2016
|
|
Vice
President of Research & Development
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
2/12/2017
|
|
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
3/12/2019
|
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
9/9/2021
|
|
|
|
|
14,063
|
|
|
|
937
|
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
3/13/2022
|
|
|
|
|
45,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
5/14/2023
|
|
|
|
|
62,504
|
|
|
|
87,496
|
(2)
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
9/24/2024
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
115,000
|
(3)
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
12/31/2025
|
|
|
(1)
|
All
unvested stock options listed in this column were granted to the Named Executive Officer pursuant to our 2005 Equity Incentive
Plan, 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and 2015 Nonqualified Incentive Plan. All options expire ten years after the date of grant.
Unvested stock options become fully vested and exercisable upon a change of control of our Company.
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
Options
to purchase shares of common stock were granted on September 24, 2014 to each of the Named Executive Officers, of which 1/6th
of the stock options will vest six months from the date of grant while the remainder will vest monthly over the remaining
three year vesting period.
|
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
Options
to purchase shares of common stock were granted on December 31, 2015 to each of the Named Executive Officers, of which the
stock options will vest monthly from the date of grant over the three year vesting period.
|
Retirement
Plan
All
employees, including the named executive officers, may participate in our 401(k) Plan. Under the 401(k) Plan, employees may elect
to make before tax contributions of up to 60% of their base salary, subject to current Internal Revenue Service limits. The 401(k)
Plan does not permit an investment in our common stock. We match employee contributions up to 50% of the first 2% of the employee’s
earnings. Our contribution is 100% vested immediately.
Severance
Arrangements
Each
of Mr. Schumacher, Dr. Ting, Dr. Lazarev, and Dr. Lawrence, executive officers of the Company, are entitled to receive a severance
payment if terminated by us without cause. The severance benefits would include a payment in an amount equal to one year of such
executive officer’s annualized base salary compensation plus accrued paid time off. Additionally, the officer will be entitled
to receive medical and dental insurance coverage for one year following the date of termination.
Change-in-Control
Arrangements
Pursuant
to severance agreements with each of Mr. Schumacher, Dr. Ting, Dr. Lazarev and Dr. Lawrence, each such executive officers, is
entitled to receive a change of control payment in an amount equal to one year (other than Mr. Schumacher) of such executive officer’s
annualized base salary compensation, accrued paid time off, and medical and dental coverage, in the event of a change of control
of our Company. In the case of Mr. Schumacher, his payment is equal to two years of annualized base salary compensation, accrued
paid time off, and two years of medical and dental coverage.
Pursuant
to our equity incentive plans, any unvested stock options held by a named executive officer will become fully vested upon a change
in control (as defined in the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan) of our Company.
Director
Compensation and Benefits
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding compensation earned or paid to our directors during fiscal 2015.
Name
|
|
Fees
Earned or Paid in Cash
(1)
|
|
|
Stock
Awards (1)
|
|
|
Option
Awards
(2)(3)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Vito
J. Mangiardi
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
29,149
|
|
|
|
69,149
|
|
Jeffrey
N. Peterson
|
|
|
60,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
52,361
|
|
|
|
112,361
|
|
Kevin
A. Pollack
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
29,149
|
|
|
|
69,149
|
|
Michael
S. Urdea, Ph. D.
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
22,402
|
|
|
|
77,402
|
|
Our
non-employee directors receive the following compensation for service as a director:
(1)
Each director currently earns a quarterly stipend of $10,000 for attending meetings of the full board of directors (whether telephonic
or in-person) and attending committee meetings in 2015. Mr. Peterson currently earns $15,000 per quarter as chairman of the board
of directors and Dr. Urdea receives $15,000 annually for serving on the scientific advisory committee. There is no limit to the
number of board of directors or committee meetings that may be called.
(2)
Amounts shown do not reflect compensation received by the directors. Instead, the amounts shown are the aggregate grant date fair
value as determined pursuant to FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Please refer to Note 2, xiii, “Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation” in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2015, for the relevant assumptions used to determine the valuation of stock option grants.
(3)
The following table shows the total number of outstanding stock options as of December 31, 2015 that have been issued as director
compensation.
Name
|
|
Aggregate
Number of
Stock Options
Outstanding
|
|
Vito J. Mangiardi
|
|
|
258,000
|
|
Jeffrey N. Peterson
|
|
|
452,250
|
|
Kevin A. Pollack
|
|
|
258,000
|
|
Michael S. Urdea, Ph. D.
|
|
|
220,500
|
|
Report
from Compensation Committee
General
Messrs.
Peterson, Pollack and Mangiardi are currently the members of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee operates pursuant
to a written charter, a current copy of which is publicly available on the investor relations portion of our website at
www.pressurebiosciences.com
.
The primary functions of the Compensation Committee include (i) reviewing and approving our executive compensation, (ii) reviewing
the recommendations of the president and chief executive officer regarding the compensation of our executive officers, (iii) evaluating
the performance of the president and chief executive officer, (iv) overseeing the administration and approval of grants of stock
options and other equity awards under our equity incentive plans, and (v) recommending compensation for our board of directors
and each committee thereof for review and approval by the board of directors.
The
Compensation Committee may form and delegate authority to one or more subcommittees as it deems appropriate from time to time
under the circumstances (including (a) a subcommittee consisting of a single member and (b) a subcommittee consisting of at least
two members, each of whom qualifies as a “non-employee director,” as such term is defined from time to time in Rule
16b-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and an “outside director,” as such term is defined from
time to time in Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the rules and regulations there under).
Compensation
Objectives
In
light of the relatively early stage of commercialization of our products, we recognize the importance of attracting and retaining
key employees with sufficient experience, skills, and qualifications in areas vital to our success, such as operations, finance,
sales and marketing, research and development, engineering, and individuals who are committed to our short- and long-term goals.
The Compensation Committee has designed our executive compensation programs with the intent of attracting, motivating, and retaining
experienced executives and, subject to our limited financial resources, rewarding them for their contributions by offering them
a competitive base salary, potential for annual cash incentive bonuses, and long-term equity-based incentives, typically in the
form of stock options. The Compensation Committee strives to balance the need to retain key employees with financial prudence
given our history of operating losses, limited financial resources and the early stage of our commercialization.
Executive
Officers and Director Compensation Process
The
Compensation Committee considers and determines executive compensation according to an annual objective setting and measurement
cycle. Specifically, corporate goals for the year are initially developed by our executive officers and are then presented to
our board of directors and Compensation Committee for review and approval. Individual goals are intended to focus on contributions
that facilitate the achievement of the corporate goals. Individual goals are first proposed by each executive officer, other than
the president and CEO, then discussed by the entire senior executive management team and ultimately compiled and prepared for
submission to our board of directors and the Compensation Committee, by the president and chief executive officer. The Compensation
Committee sets and approves the goals for the president and chief executive officer. Generally, corporate and individual goals
are set during the first quarter of each calendar year. The objective setting process is coordinated with our annual financial
planning and budgeting process so our board of directors and Compensation Committee can consider overall corporate and individual
objectives in the context of budget constraints and cost control considerations. Annual salary increases, bonuses, and equity
awards, such as stock option grants, if any, are tied to the achievement of these corporate and individual performance goals as
well as our financial position and prospects.
Under
the annual performance review program, the Compensation Committee evaluates individual performance against the goals for the recently
completed year. The Compensation Committee’s evaluation generally occurs in the first quarter of the following year. The
evaluation of each executive (other than the president and chief executive officer) begins with a written self-assessment submitted
by the executive to the president and chief executive officer. The president and chief executive officer then prepares a written
evaluation based on the executive’s self-assessment, the president and chief executive officer’s evaluation, and input
from others within the Company. This process leads to a recommendation by the president and chief executive officer for a salary
increase, bonus, and equity award, if any, which is then considered by the Compensation Committee. In the case of the president
and chief executive officer, the Compensation Committee conducts his performance evaluation and determines his compensation, including
salary increase, bonus, and equity awards, if any. We generally expect, but are not required, to implement salary increases, bonuses,
and equity awards, for all executive officers, if and to the extent granted, by April 1 of each year.
Non-employee
director compensation is set by our board of directors upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee. In developing its
recommendations, the Compensation Committee is guided by the following goals: compensation should be fair relative to the required
services for directors of comparable companies in our industry and at our Company’s stage of development; compensation should
align directors’ interests with the long-term interest of stockholders; the structure of the compensation should be simple,
transparent, and easy for stockholders to understand; and compensation should be consistent with the financial resources, prospects,
and competitive outlook for the Company.
In
evaluating executive officer and director compensation, the Compensation Committee considers the practices of companies of similar
size, geographic location, and market focus. In order to develop reasonable benchmark data, the Compensation Committee has referred
to publicly available sources such as www.salary.com and the BioWorld Survey. While the Compensation Committee does not believe
benchmarking is appropriate as a stand-alone tool for setting compensation due to the unique aspects of our business objectives
and current stage of development, the Compensation Committee generally believes that gathering this compensation information is
an important part of its compensation-related decision making process.
The
Compensation Committee has the authority to hire and fire advisors and compensation consultants as needed and approve their fees.
No advisors or compensation consultants were hired or fired in fiscal 2015. The Compensation Committee is also authorized to delegate
any of its responsibilities to sub committees or individuals as it deems appropriate. The Compensation Committee did not delegate
any of its responsibilities in fiscal 2015.
SECURITY
OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The
following table sets forth certain information as of December 21, 2016 concerning the beneficial ownership of Common Stock
for: (i) each director and director nominee, (ii) each named executive officer in the Summary Compensation Table under “Executive
Compensation” below, (iii) all executive officers and directors as a group, and (iv) each person (including any “group”
as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) known by us to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of our Common
Stock. Except as indicated below, the address for each of the persons below who are beneficial owners of 5% or more of our Common
Stock is our corporate address at 14 Norfolk Avenue, South Easton, MA 02375.
Beneficial
ownership has been determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and is calculated based on 30,999,839 shares of our Common
Stock issued and outstanding as of December 21, 2016. Shares of Common Stock subject to options, warrants, preferred stock
or other securities convertible into Common Stock that are currently exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible
within 60 days of December 21, 2016 are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding the option,
warrant, preferred stock, or convertible security but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person.
Except
as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on the information furnished to it, that the persons and entities named
in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock that they beneficially own.
Name
of Beneficial Owner
|
|
Amount
and Nature of Beneficially Ownership (1)
|
|
|
Percent
of Class
|
|
Richard T. Schumacher (2)
|
|
|
2,423,779
|
|
|
|
7.45
|
%
|
Jeffrey N. Peterson (3)
|
|
|
1,246,830
|
|
|
|
3.91
|
%
|
Kevin A. Pollack (4)
|
|
|
1,139,992
|
|
|
|
3.60
|
%
|
Michael S. Urdea (5)
|
|
|
962,351
|
|
|
|
3.05
|
%
|
Vito J. Mangiardi (6)
|
|
|
760,532
|
|
|
|
2.42
|
%
|
Edmund Y. Ting, Ph.D. (7)
|
|
|
363,845
|
|
|
|
1.16
|
%
|
Alexander V. Lazarev, Ph.D. (8)
|
|
|
287,308
|
|
|
|
0.92
|
%
|
All other officers
|
|
|
294,386
|
|
|
|
0.95
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Executive Officers and Directors as a Group
(9)
|
|
|
7,479,023
|
|
|
|
20.80
|
%
|
1)
|
The
terms of our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and Series D warrants; Series G Convertible Preferred Stock; Series H Convertible
Preferred Stock; Series J Convertible Preferred Stock; Series K Convertible Preferred Stock and Series K warrants; and various
Common Stock warrants issued in connection with our fundraising efforts contain a limitation on conversion which prevents
the holder from converting shares of Series D, Series G, Series H, Series J, and Series K Convertible Preferred Stock into,
or exercise of the warrants and various Common Stock warrants for, shares of Common Stock if, after giving effect to the conversion
or exercise, as the case may be, the holder would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.
The holder may elect to increase this limitation to 9.99%, 14.99% or 19.99%, upon not less than 61 days prior written notice
to us.
|
|
|
2)
|
Includes
(i) 915,003 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options; (ii) 63,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock; (iii) 65,800 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Series J Convertible
Preferred Stock; (iv) 78,571 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Convertible Debentures; and (v) 408,403 shares
of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants. Does not include 20,162 shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Schumacher’s
minor son as his wife exercises all voting and investment control over such shares.
|
|
|
3)
|
Includes
(i) 452,250 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options; (ii) 165,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of Convertible Debentures; and (iii) 237,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
|
4)
|
Includes
(i) 258,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options; (ii) 183,335 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of Convertible Debentures; and (iii) 233,334 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
|
|
|
5)
|
Includes
(i) 220,500 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options; (ii) 180,714 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of Convertible Debentures; and (iii) 202,143 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
|
|
|
6)
|
Includes
(i) 258,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options; (ii) 39,286 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of Convertible Debentures; and (iii) 117,857 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants.
|
|
|
7)
|
Includes
339,390 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options.
|
|
|
8)
|
Includes
(i) 275,001 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options.
|
|
|
9)
|
Includes
(i) 2,989,812 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of options; and (ii) 1,198,737 shares of Common Stock issuable
upon the exercise of warrants.
|
Equity
Compensation Plan Information
We
maintain a number of equity compensation plans for employees, officers, directors and other entities and individuals whose efforts
contribute to our success. The table below sets forth certain information as of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 regarding
the shares of our common stock available for grant or granted under our equity compensation plans.
Plan
Category
|
|
Number
of
securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options
|
|
|
Weighted-
average
exercise price
of
outstanding
options
|
|
|
Number
of
securities
remaining
available for future issuance
under equity
compensation
plans
|
|
Equity
compensation plans approved by security holders (1)
|
|
|
3,503,250
|
|
|
$
|
0.47
|
|
|
|
1,236,750
|
|
Equity
compensation plans adopted by the Board of Directors (2)
|
|
|
2,068,000
|
|
|
|
0.38
|
|
|
|
2,932,000
|
|
(1)
Includes the following plans: 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2013 Equity Incentive Plan.
(2)
Includes the following plan: 2015 Nonqualified Stock Option Plan.
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The
following is a summary of transactions since January 1, 2014 to which we have been or will be a party in which the amount involved
exceeded or will exceed $17,000 (one percent of the average of our total assets at year end for our last two completed fiscal
years) and in which any of our directors, executive officers or beneficial holders of more than 5% of any class of our capital
stock, or any immediate family member of, or person sharing a household with, any of these individuals, had or will have a direct
or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements that are described under the section of this prospectus captioned
“Executive compensation.”
On
January 28, 2014, Mr. Richard T. Schumacher invested $10,000 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants
to purchase shares of common stock, for 40 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 40,000 shares of common stock)
and a Warrant to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
January 28, 2014, Mr. Jeffrey Peterson, invested $17,250 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants
to purchase shares of common stock, for 69 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 69,000 shares of common stock)
and a Warrant to purchase 34,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
January 28, 2014, Mr. Vito Mangiardi, invested $22,500 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants to
purchase shares of common stock, for 90 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 90,000 shares of common stock)
and a Warrant to purchase 45,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
January 28, 2014, Mr. Kevin Pollack, invested $22,500 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants to
purchase shares of common stock, for 90 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 90,000 shares of common stock)
and a Warrant to purchase 45,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
January 28, 2014, Dr. Mickey Urdea, invested $22,500 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants to purchase
shares of common stock, for 90 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 90,000 shares of common stock) and a Warrant
to purchase 45,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
November 12, 2014, Mr. Schumacher invested $5,000 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants to purchase
shares of common stock, for 20 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 20,000 shares of common stock) and a Warrant
to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
November 12, 2014, Mr. Jeffrey Peterson, invested $13,000 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants
to purchase shares of common stock, for shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 69,000 shares of common stock)
and a Warrant to purchase 34,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
November 12, 2014, Mr. Vito Mangiardi, invested $5,000 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants to
purchase shares of common stock, for 20 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 20,000 shares of common stock)
and a Warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
November 12, 2014, Mr. Kevin Pollack, invested $5,000 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants to
purchase shares of common stock, for 20 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 20,000 shares of common stock)
and a Warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
November 12, 2014, Dr. Mickey Urdea, invested $5,000 in our Series K Offering of convertible preferred stock and warrants to purchase
shares of common stock, for 20 shares of convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into 20,000 shares of common stock) and a Warrant
to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3125 per share.
On
December 23, 2014, Mr. Schumacher participated in a warrant reset agreement in order to re-price his Common Stock Purchase Warrants.
Mr. Schumacher exercised 34,350 warrants for a total of $8,587 and received 34,350 shares of restricted common stock and 34,350
new warrants at an exercise price of $0.40 per common share. The new warrants have now expired.
On
December 23, 2014, Mr. Peterson participated in a warrant reset agreement in order to re-price his Common Stock Purchase Warrants.
Mr. Peterson exercised 23,000 warrants for a total of $5,750 and received 23,000 shares of restricted common stock and 23,000
new warrants at an exercise price of $0.40 per common share. The new warrants have now expired.
On
December 23, 2014, Mr. Mangiardi participated in a warrant reset agreement in order to re-price his Common Stock Purchase Warrants.
Mr. Mangiardi exercised 20,000 warrants for a total of $5,000 and received 20,000 shares of restricted common stock and 20,000
new warrants at an exercise price of $0.40 per common share. The new warrants have now expired.
On
December 23, 2014, Mr. Pollack participated in a warrant reset agreement in order to re-price his Common Stock Purchase Warrants.
Mr. Pollack exercised 40,000 warrants for a total of $10,000 and received 40,000 shares of restricted common stock and 40,000
new warrants at an exercise price of $0.40 per common share. The new warrants have now expired.
On
December 23, 2014, Mr. Urdea participated in a warrant reset agreement in order to re-price his Common Stock Purchase Warrants.
Mr. Urdea exercised 57,000 warrants for a total of $14,250 and received 57,000 shares of restricted common stock and 57,000 new
warrants at an exercise price of $0.40 per common share. The new warrants have now expired.
During
the year ended December 31, 2015, we received advances from certain officers of ours amounting to $6,300 and we repaid the loans.
These advances were non-interest bearing and were payable on demand.
On
March 10, 2016, a relative of Mr. Schumacher invested $50,000 into the Company’s 2015/2016 convertible debenture financing.
The loan remains outstanding. The Holder was paid a 10% original investment discount (“OID”) for the first year, and
will earn 10% annual interest during the second year. The loan can be converted into common stock at any time by the Holder, at
a fixed price of $0.28 per share. The loan is due two years after the loan origination date.
On
March 23, 2016, Mr. Pollack invested $46,667 into the Company’s 2015/2016 convertible debenture financing. The loan remains
outstanding. The Holder was paid a 10% original investment discount (“OID”) for the first year, and will earn 10%
annual interest during the second year. The loan can be converted into common stock at any time by the Holder, at a fixed price
of $0.28 per share. The loan is due two years after the loan origination date.
On
March 31, 2016, Mr. Peterson invested $42,000 into the Company’s 2015/2016 convertible debenture financing. The loan remains
outstanding. The Holder was paid a 10% original investment discount (“OID”) for the first year, and will earn 10%
annual interest during the second year. The loan can be converted into common stock at any time by the Holder, at a fixed price
of $0.28 per share. The loan is due two years after the loan origination date.
On
March 31, 2016, Mr. Mangiardi loaned $10,000 into the Company’s 2015/2016 convertible debenture financing. The loan remains
outstanding. The Holder was paid a 10% original investment discount (“OID”) for the first year, and will earn 10%
annual interest during the second year. The loan can be converted into common stock at any time by the Holder, at a fixed price
of $0.28 per share. The loan is due two years after the loan origination date.
On
March 31, 2016, Mr. Schumacher invested $20,000 into the Company’s 2015/2016 convertible debenture financing. The loan remains
outstanding. The loan was paid a 10% original investment discount (“OID”) for the first year, and will earn 10% annual
interest during the second year. The loan can be converted into common stock at any time by the Holder, at a fixed price of $0.28
per share. The loan is due two years after the loan origination date.
On
March 31, 2016, a relative of Mr. Schumacher invested $30,000 into the Company’s 2015/2016 convertible debenture financing.
The loan remains outstanding. The loan was paid a 10% original investment discount (“OID”) for the first year, and
will earn 10% annual interest during the second year. The loan can be converted into common stock at any time by the Holder, at
a fixed price of $0.28 per share. The loan is due two years after the loan origination date.
On
March 31, 2016, Mr. Urdea invested $46,000 into the Company’s 2015/2016 convertible debenture financing. The loan remains
outstanding. The loan was paid a 10% original investment discount (“OID”) for the first year, and will earn 10% annual
interest during the second year. The loan can be converted into common stock at any time by the Holder, at a fixed price of $0.28
per share. The loan is due two years after the loan origination date.
DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK
Authorized
Capital
As
of September 30, 2016, we were authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, and 1,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, $0.01 par value. Of the 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, 20,000 shares were designated as Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock, 313,960 shares as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, 279,256 shares as Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock, 88,098 shares as Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, 850 shares as Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, 500
shares as Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, 240,000 shares as Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, 10,000 shares as Series
H Convertible Preferred Stock, 21 shares as Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock, 6,250 shares as Series J Convertible Preferred
Stock and 15,000 shares as Series K Convertible Preferred Stock.
As
of September 30, 2016, there were 30,599,839 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Similarly, at such time, there were
no shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock; Series A Convertible Preferred Stock; Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock; Series C Convertible Preferred Stock; Series E Convertible Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2016 there were 300 shares
of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding and convertible into 750,000 shares of common stock, 86,570 shares
of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 865,700 shares of common stock, 10,000 shares
of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 1,000,000 shares of common stock, 21 shares of
Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 2,100,000 shares of common stock, 3,521 shares of
Series J Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 3,521,000 shares of common stock, and 6,816 shares
of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding convertible into 6,816,000 shares of common stock.
The
transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company.
Approximate
Number of Equity Security Holders
As
of December 21, 2016, there were approximately 217 stockholders of record. Because shares of our common stock are held
by depositaries, brokers and other nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number
of stockholders of record.
Dividends
We
have never declared or paid any cash dividends on common stock and do not plan to pay any cash dividends on common stock in the
foreseeable future.
As
of December 31, 2015, dividends issued or to be issued on convertible preferred stock for the years ended December 31, 2015 and
2014 are outlined in the table below.
Dividends
paid in common stock or cash
|
|
Dividends
payable
|
For
The Year Ended December 31,
|
|
For
The Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Series
D
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
Series
D
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Series
E
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
Series
E
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Series
G
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
58,268
|
|
|
Series
G
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
Series
H
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
Series
H
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Series
H2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
Series
H2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Series
J
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
24,648
|
|
|
Series
J
|
|
|
83,926
|
|
|
|
83,926
|
|
Series
K
|
|
|
23,194
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
Series
K
|
|
|
170,607
|
|
|
|
163,733
|
|
|
|
$
|
23,194
|
|
|
$
|
82,916
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
255,733
|
|
|
$
|
248,859
|
|
SHARES
ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Future
sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, including shares issued upon exercise of outstanding options
and warrants, or the anticipation of these sales, could adversely affect prevailing market prices from time to time and could
impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Based
on the number of shares of common stock outstanding as
of , 2016, after giving pro forma
effect to the closing of this offering we will have
shares of common stock
outstanding, assuming (1) no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of common stock and (2)
no exercise of outstanding options or warrants. Of those shares, all of the shares sold in this offering will be freely
tradable, except that any shares held by our “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the
Securities Act, or Rule 144, may only be sold in compliance with the limitations described below.
Rule
144
In
general, under Rule 144, any person who is not our affiliate and has held their shares for at least six months, including the
holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, may sell shares without restriction, subject to the availability
of current public information about us. In addition, under Rule 144, any person who is not an affiliate of ours and has held their
shares for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, would be entitled
to sell an unlimited number of shares without regard to whether current public information about us is available. A person who
is our affiliate or who was our affiliate at any time during the preceding three months, and who has beneficially owned restricted
securities for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, is entitled
to sell a number of shares within any three-month period that does not exceed the greater of:
|
●
|
1%
of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding, which will equal approximately [●] shares immediately
after this offering; or
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
the
average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the
filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.
|
Sales
under Rule 144 by our affiliates are also subject to manner of sale provisions and notice requirements, and to the availability
of current public information about us.
Warrants
Offered Hereby
The
following summary of certain terms and provisions of the warrants offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified
in its entirety by, the provisions of the form of the warrant, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which
this prospectus is a part of. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions set forth in the form of
warrant.
Exercisability
.
The warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance and at any time up to the date that is five years from the date of issuance.
The warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise
notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the
case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). Unless otherwise specified in the warrant, the holder will not have the right
to exercise any portion of the warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99%
of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership
is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrants.
Cashless
Exercise
. In the event that a registration statement covering shares of common stock underlying the warrants, or an exemption
from registration, is not available for the resale of such shares of common stock underlying the warrants, the holder may, in
its sole discretion, exercise the warrant in whole or in part and, in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to
be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, elect instead to receive upon such exercise the net
number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the warrant. In no event shall we be required
to make any cash payments or net cash settlement to the registered holder in lieu of issuance of common stock underlying the warrants.
Certain
Adjustments
. The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of the warrants are
subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specific events, including stock dividends, stock splits, combinations and reclassifications
of our common stock.
Transferability
.
Subject to applicable laws, the warrants may be transferred at the option of the holders upon surrender of the warrants to us
together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.
Warrant
Agent and Exchange Listing
. The warrants will be issued in registered form under a warrant agency agreement between Computershare
Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us.
Fundamental
Transactions
. If, at any time while the warrants are outstanding, (1) we consolidate or merge with or into another corporation
and we are not the surviving corporation, (2) we sell, lease, license, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or
substantially all of our assets, (3) any purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by us or another individual or
entity) is completed pursuant to which holders of our shares of common stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares
of common stock for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of our outstanding
shares of common stock, (4) we effect any reclassification or recapitalization of our shares of common stock or any compulsory
share exchange pursuant to which our shares of common stock are converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property,
or (5) we consummate a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination with another person or entity whereby such
other person or entity acquires more than 50% of our outstanding shares of common stock, each a “Fundamental Transaction,”
then upon any subsequent exercise of the warrants, the holder thereof will have the right to receive the same amount and kind
of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction
if it had been, immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, the holder of the number of warrant shares then issuable upon
exercise of the warrant, and any additional consideration payable as part of the Fundamental Transaction.
Rights
as a Stockholder
. Except as otherwise provided in the warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of
our common stock, the holder of a warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common stock, including any
voting rights, until the holder exercises the warrant.
Governing
Law
. The warrants and the warrant agency agreement are governed by New York law.
UNDERWRITING
Joseph
Gunnar & Co., LLC is acting as representative of the underwriters (the “Representative”). Subject to the terms
and conditions of an underwriting agreement between us and the Representative, we have agreed to sell to each underwriter named
below, and each underwriter named below has severally agreed to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts
set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of shares of common stock and warrants listed next to its name in the
following table:
Name
of Underwriter
|
|
Number
of
Shares
|
|
|
Number
of
Warrants
|
|
Joseph Gunnar & Co.,
LLC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
underwriters are committed to purchase all the shares of common stock and warrants offered by us if they purchase any shares of
common stock and warrants. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments
of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the offering may be terminated. The underwriters are not obligated to purchase
the shares of common stock and/or warrants covered by the underwriters’ over-allotment option described below. The underwriters
are offering the shares of common stock and warrants, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject
to approval of legal matters by their counsel, and other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, such as the receipt
by the underwriters of officer’s certificates and legal opinions. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel
or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.
Discounts
and Commissions
The
underwriters propose initially to offer the shares of common stock and warrants to the public at the public offering price
set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to dealers at those prices less a concession not in excess of
$ per share of common stock and warrant. If all of
the shares of common stock and warrants offered by us are not sold at the public offering price, the underwriters may change
the offering price and other selling terms by means of a supplement to this prospectus.
The
following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions and proceeds before expenses to us. The
information assumes either no exercise or full exercise of the over-allotment option we granted to the representatives of the
underwriters.
|
|
Per
Combined
Share and
Warrant
|
|
|
Total
Without
Over-Allotment
Option
|
|
|
Total
With Full
Over-Allotment
Option
|
|
Public offering price
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Underwriting discount and commission
(7%)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Proceeds, before expenses, to us
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
We
have agreed to pay a non-accountable expense allowance to the representative of the underwriters equal to 1% of the gross proceeds
received at the closing of the offering. The non-accountable expense allowance of 1% is not payable with respect to the shares
sold upon exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. We have paid an expense deposit of $25,000 to the representative,
which will be applied against the out-of-pocket accountable expenses that will be paid by us to the underwriters in connection
with this offering, and will be reimbursed to us to the extent not actually incurred in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(C).
We
have also agreed to pay the representative’s expenses relating to the offering, including (a) all actual filing fees incurred
in connection with the review of this offering by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA; (b) all fees, expenses
and disbursements relating to background checks of our officers and directors in an amount not to exceed $15,000 in the aggregate;
(c) the costs associated with bound volumes of the public offering materials as well as commemorative mementos and lucite tombstones
not to exceed $2,000; (d) the fees and expenses of the representative’s legal counsel not to exceed $75,000; (e) $29,500
for the underwriters’ use of Ipreo’s book-building, prospectus tracking and compliance software for this offering;
and (f) up to $20,000 of the representative’s actual accountable road show expenses for the offering.
The
total estimated expenses of the offering, including registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees and legal and
accounting expenses, but excluding underwriting discounts, commissions and expenses, are approximately
$ and are payable by us.
Over-Allotment
Option
We
have granted a 45-day option to the representative of the underwriters to purchase up
to additional shares of our common stock at a public offering
price of $ per share and/or warrants to
purchase shares of our common
stock at a public offering price of $ per
warrant, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. The underwriters may exercise this option for 45 days from the date of this
prospectus solely to cover sales of shares of common stock and/or warrants by the underwriters in excess of the total number
of shares of common stock and/or warrants set forth in the table above. If any of these additional shares and/or warrants are
purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares and/or warrants on the same terms as those on which the shares
and warrants are being offered. We will pay the expenses associated with the exercise of the over-allotment
option.
Representatives’
Warrants
We
have agreed to issue to the representative the representative’s warrants to purchase up to
shares of common stock (5% of the shares of common
stock and shares of common stock underlying warrants sold in this offering). We are registering hereby the issuance of the
representative’s warrants and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants.
The representative’s warrants will be exercisable at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the
four-year period commencing one year from the effective date of the registration statement at a per share exercise price
equal to 125% of the public offering price per share of common stock in the offering. The representative’s warrants and
the shares of common stock underlying the warrants have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are, therefore, subject to a
180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(g)(1) of FINRA. The representatives (or permitted assignees under the Rule) will not
sell, transfer, assign, pledge or hypothecate these warrants or the securities underlying these warrants, nor will it engage
in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of
these warrants or the underlying securities for a period of 180 days after the effective date. The exercise price and number
of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the
event of a stock dividend, extraordinary cash dividend or our recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation.
However, the warrant exercise price or underlying shares will not be adjusted for issuances of shares of common stock at a
price below the warrant exercise price.
Lock-Up
Agreements
Pursuant
to “lock-up” agreements, we, our executive officers and directors, and any other 5% or greater holder of our outstanding
common stock, have agreed, without the prior written consent of the Representative not to directly or indirectly, offer to sell,
sell, pledge or otherwise transfer or dispose of any of shares of (or enter into any transaction or device that is designed to,
or could be expected to, result in the transfer or disposition by any person at any time in the future of) our common stock, enter
into any swap or other derivatives transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic benefits or
risks of ownership of shares of our common stock, make any demand for or exercise any right or cause to be filed a registration
statement, including any amendments thereto, with respect to the registration of any shares of common stock or securities convertible
into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock or any other securities of ours or publicly disclose the intention to do
any of the foregoing, subject to customary exceptions, for a period of (i) six month after the date of this prospectus in the
case of our directors and officers and (ii) three months after the date of this prospectus in the case of the Company and any
other 5% or greater holder of our outstanding securities.
Right
of First Refusal
Until
eighteen (18) months from the effective date of this registration statement, the representative shall have an irrevocable right
of first refusal to act as sole investment banker, sole book-runner, and/or sole placement agent, at the Representative’s
sole discretion, for each and every future public and private equity and debt offering, including all equity linked financings
on terms customary to the representative. The representative shall have the sole right to determine whether or not any other broker-dealer
shall have the right to participate in any such offering and the economic terms of any such participation. The representative
will not have more than one opportunity to waive or terminate the right of first refusal in consideration of any payment or fee.
Indemnification
We
have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities that may be incurred in connection with this offering, including
liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make for these liabilities.
OTCQB
and NASDAQ
Our
shares of common are quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “PBIO.” We intend to apply to list our common stock and
warrants on The NASDAQ under the symbols “PBIO” and “ ”, respectively, prior to the completion of
this offering. No assurance can be given that such listings will be approved; however, it is a condition of the underwriters’
obligation that our shares of common stock and warrants have been approved for listing on The NASDAQ.
Price
Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids
In
order to facilitate the offering of our securities, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise
affect the price of our securities. In connection with the offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell our securities in
the open market. These transactions may include short sales, purchases on the open market to cover positions created by short
sales and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares of securities
than they are required to purchase in the offering. “Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater
than the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of securities in the offering. The underwriters may close out
any covered short position by either exercising the over-allotment option or purchasing shares of securities in the open market.
In determining the source of shares of securities to close out the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among
other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase
shares through the over-allotment option. “Naked” short sales are sales in excess of the over-allotment option. The
underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing securities in the open market. A naked short position is more
likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our securities in the
open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. Stabilizing transactions consist
of various bids for or purchases of shares of securities made by the underwriters in the open market before the completion of
the offering.
Similar
to other purchase transactions, the underwriters’ purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising
or maintaining the market price of our securities or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our securities.
As result, the price of our securities may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market.
The
underwriters have advised us that, pursuant to Regulation M under the Exchange Act, they may also engage in other activities that
stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities, including the imposition of penalty bids. This means that
if the representative of the underwriters purchases securities in the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short
sales, the representative can require the underwriters that sold those shares as part of this offering to repay the underwriting
discount received by them. The underwriters make no representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect
that the transactions described above may have on the price of our securities. In addition, neither we nor the underwriters make
any representation that the underwriters will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not
be discontinued without notice.
Electronic
Offer, Sale and Distribution of Shares
A
prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by one or more underwriters or selling group
members, if any, participating in the offering. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares of securities to underwriters
and selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the
representative to underwriters and selling group members that may make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.
Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the underwriters’ websites and any information contained
in any other website maintained by the underwriters is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part.
Other
Relationships
From
time to time, certain of the underwriters and their affiliates have provided, and may provide in the future, various advisory,
investment and commercial banking and other services to us in the ordinary course of business, for which they have received and
may continue to receive customary fees and commissions. However, except as disclosed in this prospectus, we have no present arrangements
with any of the underwriters for any further services.
Offer
Restrictions Outside the United States
Other
than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities
offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus
may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in
connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances
that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this
prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution
of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered
by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
Australia
This
prospectus is not a disclosure document under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act, has not been lodged with the Australian
Securities and Investments Commission and does not purport to include the information required of a disclosure document under
Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act. Accordingly, (i) the offer of the securities under this prospectus is only made
to persons to whom it is lawful to offer the securities without disclosure under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act
under one or more exemptions set out in section 708 of the Australian Corporations Act, (ii) this prospectus is made available
in Australia only to those persons as set forth in clause (i) above, and (iii) the offeree must be sent a notice stating in substance
that by accepting this offer, the offeree represents that the offeree is such a person as set forth in clause (i) above, and,
unless permitted under the Australian Corporations Act, agrees not to sell or offer for sale within Australia any of the securities
sold to the offeree within 12 months after its transfer to the offeree under this prospectus.
Canada
The
securities may be sold in Canada only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors,
as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are
permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations.
Any resale of the securities must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus
requirements of applicable securities laws. Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a
purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation,
provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities
legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities
legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor. Pursuant
to section 3A.3 of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriters are not required to comply
with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.
China
The
information in this document does not constitute a public offer of the securities, whether by way of sale or subscription, in
the People’s Republic of China (excluding, for purposes of this paragraph, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau
Special Administrative Region and Taiwan). The securities may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly in the PRC to legal
or natural persons other than directly to “qualified domestic institutional investors.”
European
Economic Area — Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg and Netherlands
The
information in this document has been prepared on the basis that all offers of securities will be made pursuant to an exemption
under the Directive 2003/71/EC (“Prospectus Directive”), as implemented in Member States of the European Economic
Area (each, a “Relevant Member State”), from the requirement to produce a prospectus for offers of securities.
An
offer to the public of securities has not been made, and may not be made, in a Relevant Member State except pursuant to one of
the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive as implemented in that Relevant Member State:
|
(a)
|
to
legal entities that are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated,
whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;
|
|
|
|
|
(b)
|
to
any legal entity that has two or more of (i) an average of at least 250 employees during its last fiscal year; (ii) a total
balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 (as shown on its last annual unconsolidated or consolidated financial statements)
and (iii) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000 (as shown on its last annual unconsolidated or consolidated
financial statements);
|
|
|
|
|
(c)
|
to
fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors within the meaning of Article 2(1)(e) of the Prospectus
Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of ours or any underwriter for any such offer; or
|
|
|
|
|
(d)
|
in
any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of securities
shall result in a requirement for the publication by us of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
|
France
This
document is not being distributed in the context of a public offering of financial securities (offre au public de titres financiers)
in France within the meaning of Article L.411-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier)
and Articles 211-1 et seq. of the General Regulation of the French Autorité des marchés financiers (“AMF”).
The securities have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France.
This
document and any other offering material relating to the securities have not been, and will not be, submitted to the AMF for approval
in France and, accordingly, may not be distributed or caused to distributed, directly or indirectly, to the public in France.
Such offers, sales and distributions have been and shall only be made in France to (i) qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés)
acting for their own account, as defined in and in accordance with Articles L.411-2-II-2° and D.411-1 to D.411-3, D. 744-1,
D.754-1 and D.764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and any implementing regulation and/or (ii) a restricted number
of non-qualified investors (cercle restreint d’investisseurs) acting for their own account, as defined in and in accordance
with Articles L.411-2-II-2° and D.411-4, D.744-1, D.754-1 and D.764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and any implementing
regulation.
Pursuant
to Article 211-3 of the General Regulation of the AMF, investors in France are informed that the securities cannot be distributed
(directly or indirectly) to the public by the investors otherwise than in accordance with Articles L.411-1, L.411-2, L.412-1 and
L.621-8 to L.621-8-3 of the French Monetary and Financial Code.
Ireland
The
information in this document does not constitute a prospectus under any Irish laws or regulations and this document has not been
filed with or approved by any Irish regulatory authority as the information has not been prepared in the context of a public offering
of securities in Ireland within the meaning of the Irish Prospectus (Directive 2003/71/EC) Regulations 2005 (the “Prospectus
Regulations”). The securities have not been offered or sold, and will not be offered, sold or delivered directly or indirectly
in Ireland by way of a public offering, except to (i) qualified investors as defined in Regulation 2(l) of the Prospectus Regulations
and (ii) fewer than 100 natural or legal persons who are not qualified investors.
Israel
The
securities offered by this prospectus have not been approved or disapproved by the Israeli Securities Authority (the ISA), nor
have such securities been registered for sale in Israel. The shares may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the
public in Israel, absent the publication of a prospectus. The ISA has not issued permits, approvals or licenses in connection
with the offering or publishing the prospectus; nor has it authenticated the details included herein, confirmed their reliability
or completeness, or rendered an opinion as to the quality of the securities being offered. Any resale in Israel, directly or indirectly,
to the public of the securities offered by this prospectus is subject to restrictions on transferability and must be effected
only in compliance with the Israeli securities laws and regulations.
Italy
The
offering of the securities in the Republic of Italy has not been authorized by the Italian Securities and Exchange Commission
(Commissione Nazionale per le Societ—$$—Aga e la Borsa, “CONSOB” pursuant to the Italian securities legislation
and, accordingly, no offering material relating to the securities may be distributed in Italy and such securities may not be offered
or sold in Italy in a public offer within the meaning of Article 1.1(t) of Legislative Decree No. 58 of 24 February 1998 (“Decree
No. 58”), other than:
|
●
|
to
Italian qualified investors, as defined in Article 100 of Decree no.58 by reference to Article 34-ter of CONSOB Regulation
no. 11971 of 14 May 1999 (“Regulation no. 1197l”) as amended (“Qualified Investors”); and
|
|
|
|
|
●
|
in
other circumstances that are exempt from the rules on public offer pursuant to Article 100 of Decree No. 58 and Article 34-ter
of Regulation No. 11971 as amended
|
Any
offer, sale or delivery of the securities or distribution of any offer document relating to the securities in Italy (excluding
placements where a Qualified Investor solicits an offer from the issuer) under the paragraphs above must be:
|
●
|
made
by investment firms, banks or financial intermediaries permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in accordance with Legislative
Decree No. 385 of 1 September 1993 (as amended), Decree No. 58, CONSOB Regulation No. 16190 of 29 October 2007 and any other
applicable laws; and
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|
|
|
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●
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in
compliance with all relevant Italian securities, tax and exchange controls and any other applicable laws.
|
Any
subsequent distribution of the securities in Italy must be made in compliance with the public offer and prospectus requirement
rules provided under Decree No. 58 and the Regulation No. 11971 as amended, unless an exception from those rules applies. Failure
to comply with such rules may result in the sale of such securities being declared null and void and in the liability of the entity
transferring the securities for any damages suffered by the investors.
Japan
The
securities have not been and will not be registered under Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law
of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948), as amended (the “FIEL”) pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements
applicable to a private placement of securities to Qualified Institutional Investors (as defined in and in accordance with Article
2, paragraph 3 of the FIEL and the regulations promulgated thereunder). Accordingly, the securities may not be offered or sold,
directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan other than Qualified Institutional Investors.
Any Qualified Institutional Investor who acquires securities may not resell them to any person in Japan that is not a Qualified
Institutional Investor, and acquisition by any such person of securities is conditional upon the execution of an agreement to
that effect.
Portugal
This
document is not being distributed in the context of a public offer of financial securities (oferta pública de valores mobiliários)
in Portugal, within the meaning of Article 109 of the Portuguese Securities Code (Código dos Valores Mobiliários).
The securities have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in Portugal.
This document and any other offering material relating to the securities have not been, and will not be, submitted to the Portuguese
Securities Market Commission (Comissão do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários) for approval in Portugal and, accordingly,
may not be distributed or caused to distributed, directly or indirectly, to the public in Portugal, other than under circumstances
that are deemed not to qualify as a public offer under the Portuguese Securities Code. Such offers, sales and distributions of
securities in Portugal are limited to persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Portuguese Securities
Code). Only such investors may receive this document and they may not distribute it or the information contained in it to any
other person.
Sweden
This
document has not been, and will not be, registered with or approved by Finansinspektionen (the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority).
Accordingly, this document may not be made available, nor may the securities be offered for sale in Sweden, other than under circumstances
that are deemed not to require a prospectus under the Swedish Financial Instruments Trading Act (1991:980) (Sw. lag (1991:980)
om handel med finansiella instrument). Any offering of securities in Sweden is limited to persons who are “qualified investors”
(as defined in the Financial Instruments Trading Act). Only such investors may receive this document and they may not distribute
it or the information contained in it to any other person.
Switzerland
The
securities may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (“SIX”) or
on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document has been prepared without regard to the
disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure
standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange
or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering material relating to the securities
may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.
Neither
this document nor any other offering material relating to the securities have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss
regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of securities will not be supervised
by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA).
This
document is personal to the recipient only and not for general circulation in Switzerland.
United
Arab Emirates
Neither
this document nor the securities have been approved, disapproved or passed on in any way by the Central Bank of the United Arab
Emirates or any other governmental authority in the United Arab Emirates, nor have we received authorization or licensing from
the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates or any other governmental authority in the United Arab Emirates to market or sell
the securities within the United Arab Emirates. This document does not constitute and may not be used for the purpose of an offer
or invitation. No services relating to the securities, including the receipt of applications and/or the allotment or redemption
of such shares, may be rendered within the United Arab Emirates by us.
No
offer or invitation to subscribe for securities is valid or permitted in the Dubai International Financial Centre.
United
Kingdom
Neither
the information in this document nor any other document relating to the offer has been delivered for approval to the Financial
Services Authority in the United Kingdom and no prospectus (within the meaning of section 85 of the Financial Services and Markets
Act 2000, as amended (“FSMA”)) has been published or is intended to be published in respect of the securities. This
document is issued on a confidential basis to “qualified investors” (within the meaning of section 86(7) of FSMA)
in the United Kingdom, and the securities may not be offered or sold in the United Kingdom by means of this document, any accompanying
letter or any other document, except in circumstances which do not require the publication of a prospectus pursuant to section
86(1) FSMA. This document should not be distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part, nor may its contents be disclosed
by recipients to any other person in the United Kingdom.
Any
invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of section 21 of FSMA) received in connection with
the issue or sale of the securities has only been communicated or caused to be communicated and will only be communicated or caused
to be communicated in the United Kingdom in circumstances in which section 21(1) of FSMA does not apply to us.
In
the United Kingdom, this document is being distributed only to, and is directed at, persons (i) who have professional experience
in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) (investment professionals) of the Financial Services and Markets
Act 2000 (Financial Promotions) Order 2005 (“FPO”), (ii) who fall within the categories of persons referred to in
Article 49(2)(a) to (d) (high net worth companies, unincorporated associations, etc.) of the FPO or (iii) to whom it may otherwise
be lawfully communicated (together “relevant persons”). The investments to which this document relates are available
only to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to purchase will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is
not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.
LEGAL
MATTERS
The
validity of the securities offered hereby has been passed upon for us by Lucosky Brookman LLP. Certain legal matters in connection
with this offering have been passed upon for the underwriters by Loeb & Loeb LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
Our
consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss,
changes in stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015 have been audited by MaloneBailey
LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in its report appearing herein and are included in reliance
upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
Our
consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss,
changes in stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2014 have been audited by Marcum LLP, an
independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in its report appearing herein and are included in reliance upon such
report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We
have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered hereby.
This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information in the registration
statement and the exhibits of the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities being
offered under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto.
You
may read and copy the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part at the SEC’s Public Reference Room, which
is located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of the registration statement by writing to the
SEC and paying a fee for the copying cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the
SEC’s Public Reference Room. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet web site, which is located at
www.sec.gov
,
which contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with
the SEC. You may access the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part at the SEC’s Internet web site. We
are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we will file reports, proxy statements and other
information with the SEC.
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
INDEX
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
Page
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
F-2
|
|
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
F-3
|
|
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014
|
F-
4
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
|
F-5
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
|
F-6
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
|
F-7
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
|
F-9
|
|
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
F-10
|
|
|
Unaudited
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015
|
F-41
|
|
|
Unaudited
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015
|
F-42
|
|
|
Unaudited
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015
|
F-43
|
|
|
Unaudited
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015
|
F-44
|
|
|
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
|
F-45
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To
the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Pressure
BioSciences, Inc. and Subsidiary
South
Easton, Massachusetts
We
have audited the consolidated balance sheet of Pressure BioSciences, Inc. and Subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”)
as of December 31, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’
deficit, and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards
require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements
are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal
control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit
also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating
the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of Pressure BioSciences, Inc. and Subsidiary as of December 31, 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows
for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed
in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a working capital deficit and has incurred recurring net losses
and negative cash flows from operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.
Management’s plans regarding those matters also are described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments
that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
/s/
MaloneBailey LLP
|
|
|
|
Houston,
Texas
|
|
April
5, 2016
|
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To
the Board of Directors of
Pressure
BioSciences, Inc. and Subsidiary:
We
have audited the consolidated balance sheet of Pressure BioSciences, Inc. and Subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December
31, 2014, and the related consolidated statement of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the
year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards
require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements
are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal
control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit
also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating
the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of Pressure BioSciences, Inc. and Subsidiary as of December 31, 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows
for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed
in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has had recurring net losses and continues to experience negative cash flows
from operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s
plans regarding those matters also are described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might
result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
/s/
MARCUM LLP
|
|
|
|
Boston,
Massachusetts
|
|
March
31, 2015
|
|
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2015 AND 2014
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
December
31, 2014
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
116,783
|
|
|
$
|
473,948
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
113,256
|
|
|
|
272,022
|
|
Inventories, net of $50,000 reserve at December 31, 2015 and
December 31, 2014
|
|
|
1,038,371
|
|
|
|
850,552
|
|
Prepaid income taxes
|
|
|
7,381
|
|
|
|
7,381
|
|
Prepaid expenses
and other current assets
|
|
|
213,926
|
|
|
|
104,204
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
1,489,717
|
|
|
|
1,708,107
|
|
Investment in available-for-sale equity
securities
|
|
|
294,522
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Property and
equipment, net
|
|
|
20,149
|
|
|
|
36,025
|
|
TOTAL ASSETS
|
|
$
|
1,804,388
|
|
|
$
|
1,744,132
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
941,389
|
|
|
$
|
1,035,781
|
|
Accrued employee compensation
|
|
|
176,009
|
|
|
|
157,347
|
|
Accrued professional fees and other
|
|
|
821,088
|
|
|
|
719,432
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
140,878
|
|
|
|
27,117
|
|
Convertible debt, net of unamortized
discounts of $0 and $328,681, respectively
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
1,004,513
|
|
Other debt, net of unamortized discounts
of $3,041 and $0, respectively
|
|
|
151,628
|
|
|
|
80,480
|
|
Warrant derivative liabilities
|
|
|
3,295,976
|
|
|
|
159,875
|
|
Conversion option
derivative liabilities
|
|
|
3,940,791
|
|
|
|
590,341
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
|
|
9,567,759
|
|
|
|
3,774,886
|
|
LONG TERM LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible debt, net of unamortized
discounts of $5,223,658 and $0, respectively
|
|
|
177,342
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
36,935
|
|
|
|
28,977
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES
|
|
|
9,782,036
|
|
|
|
3,803,863
|
|
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note
7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 850 shares authorized; 300 shares issued and outstanding on December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (Liquidation
value of $300,000)
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Series G Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 240,000 shares authorized; 86,570 shares issued and outstanding on December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
|
866
|
|
Series H Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 10,000 shares authorized; 10,000 shares issued and outstanding on December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 21 shares authorized; 21 shares issued and outstanding on December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Series J Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 6,250 shares authorized; 3,546 shares issued and outstanding on December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
Series K Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 15,000 shares authorized; 11,416 shares issued and outstanding on December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively
|
|
|
114
|
|
|
|
114
|
|
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000,000
shares authorized; 23,004,898 and 18,673,390 shares issued and outstanding on December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively
|
|
|
230,050
|
|
|
|
186,734
|
|
Warrants to acquire common stock
|
|
|
5,416,681
|
|
|
|
5,253,566
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
26,036,733
|
|
|
|
24,617,564
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
(105,025
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(39,557,206
|
)
|
|
|
(32,118,714
|
)
|
Total
stockholders’ deficit
|
|
|
(7,977,648
|
)
|
|
|
(2,059,731
|
)
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
|
$
|
1,804,388
|
|
|
$
|
1,744,132
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR
THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 AND 2014
|
|
For
the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Products, services, other
|
|
$
|
1,409,991
|
|
|
$
|
1,350,150
|
|
Grant revenue
|
|
|
387,700
|
|
|
|
24,594
|
|
Total
revenue
|
|
|
1,797,691
|
|
|
|
1,374,744
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs and expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of products and services
|
|
|
609,054
|
|
|
|
652,438
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
1,105,295
|
|
|
|
952,555
|
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
|
745,574
|
|
|
|
721,229
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2,902,950
|
|
|
|
2,386,872
|
|
Total
operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
5,362,873
|
|
|
|
4,713,094
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
(3,565,182
|
)
|
|
|
(3,338,350
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (expense) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(4,146,416
|
)
|
|
|
(1,303,129
|
)
|
Other expense
|
|
|
(36,879
|
)
|
|
|
(169,554
|
)
|
Gain on extinguishment of embedded derivative
liabilities
|
|
|
2,555,180
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Change in fair
value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
(2,222,001
|
)
|
|
|
198,493
|
|
Total
other (expense) income
|
|
|
(3,850,116
|
)
|
|
|
(1,274,190
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
(7,415,298
|
)
|
|
|
(4,612,540
|
)
|
Accrued dividends on convertible preferred
stock
|
|
|
(23,194
|
)
|
|
|
(143,771
|
)
|
Deemed dividends
on convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,495,415
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss applicable
to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
(7,438,492
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6,251,726
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders - basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.36
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.44
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common stock shares
outstanding used in the basic and diluted net loss per share calculation
|
|
|
20,726,205
|
|
|
|
14,264,753
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
FOR
THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 AND 2014
|
|
For
the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Comprehensive Loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(7,415,298
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,612,540
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized loss
on marketable securities
|
|
|
(105,025
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive
loss
|
|
$
|
(7,520,323
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,612,540
|
)
|
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
FOR
THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 AND 2014
|
|
Series
D
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Series
G
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Series
H
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Series
H(2)
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Series
J
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2013
|
|
|
300
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
145,320
|
|
|
|
1,453
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
5,088
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of Series G convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(58,750
|
)
|
|
|
(587
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of Series J convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,542
|
)
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
Conversion
of Series K convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of Series K convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of common stock for services
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Exercise
of warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrant
exercise - reset
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Offering
costs for issuance of preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of warrants
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of warrants for services
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of stock in lieu of cash for Board of Director fees
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Deemed
dividend associated with beneficial conversion of preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of debt for commons stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of preferred stock to common stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of common stock to Series H2 preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Dividends
earned
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Warrants
issued with debt
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Write
off of Series D warrant liability
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Write
off of conversion option
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of common stock for dividends paid in kind
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2014
|
|
|
300
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
86,570
|
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,546
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of common stock for services
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Warrant
exercise - reset
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of warrants
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of warrants for services
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of debt for commons stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Dividends
earned
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Unrealized
loss on investments, net of tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2015
|
|
|
300
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
86,570
|
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,546
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (CONTINUED)
FOR
THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 AND 2014
|
|
Series
K Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
Additional
Paid-In
|
|
|
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Total
Stockholders’
(Deficit)
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
loss
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2013
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
$
|
40
|
|
|
|
12,024,267
|
|
|
$
|
120,243
|
|
|
$
|
4,267,402
|
|
|
$
|
19,509,921
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
(25,866,988
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,967,775
|
)
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
101,125
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
101,125
|
|
Conversion
of Series G convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
587,500
|
|
|
|
5,875
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(5,288
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of Series J convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,541,000
|
|
|
|
15,410
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(15,395
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of Series K convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
(1,099
|
)
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
1,099,000
|
|
|
|
10,990
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(10,979
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Issuance
of Series K convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
8,176
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
654,845
|
|
|
|
1,592,432
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,247,359
|
|
Issuance
of common stock for services
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
588,830
|
|
|
|
5,888
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
208,304
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
214,192
|
|
Exercise
of warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
596,658
|
|
|
|
5,967
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
143,198
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
149,165
|
|
Warrant
exercise - reset
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,612,000
|
|
|
|
36,120
|
|
|
|
163,654
|
|
|
|
662,745
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
862,519
|
|
Offering
costs for issuance of preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(8,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(8,000
|
)
|
Stock
exchange with Everest Investments
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
49,599
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
49,599
|
|
Issuance
of warrants for services
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
93,488
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
93,488
|
|
Issuance
of stock in lieu of cash for Board of Director fees
|
|
|
339
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
24,578
|
|
|
|
60,169
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
84,750
|
|
Deemed
dividend associated with beneficial conversion of preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,495,415
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,495,415
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of debt for commons stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
510,000
|
|
|
|
5,100
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
131,400
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
136,500
|
|
Conversion
of preferred stock to common stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion
of common stock to Series H2 preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(2,100,000
|
)
|
|
|
(21,000
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
21,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Dividends
earned
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(143,771
|
)
|
|
|
(143,771
|
)
|
Warrants
issued with debt
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Write
off of Series D warrant liability
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
330,405
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
330,405
|
|
Write
off of conversion option
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
320,338
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
320,338
|
|
Issuance
of common stock for dividends paid in kind
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
214,135
|
|
|
|
2,141
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
80,774
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
82,915
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,612,540
|
)
|
|
|
(4,612,540
|
)
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2014
|
|
|
11,416
|
|
|
|
114
|
|
|
|
18,673,390
|
|
|
|
186,734
|
|
|
|
5,253,566
|
|
|
|
24,617,564
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(32,118,714
|
)
|
|
|
(2,059,731
|
)
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
208,989
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
208,989
|
|
Issuance
of common stock for services
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,755,091
|
|
|
|
17,551
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
439,479
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
457,030
|
|
Warrant
revaluation
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
69,627
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
69,627
|
|
Stock
exchange with Everest Investments
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
389,547
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
399,547
|
|
Issuance
of warrants for services
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
93,488
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
93,488
|
|
Conversion
of debt and interest for commons stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,576,417
|
|
|
|
15,765
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
381,154
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
396,919
|
|
Dividends
earned
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(23,194
|
)
|
|
|
(23,194
|
)
|
Unrealized
loss on investments, net of tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(105,025
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(105,025
|
)
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(7,415,298
|
)
|
|
|
(7,415,298
|
)
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2015
|
|
|
11,416
|
|
|
$
|
114
|
|
|
|
23,004,898
|
|
|
$
|
230,050
|
|
|
$
|
5,416,681
|
|
|
$
|
26,036,733
|
|
|
$
|
(105,025
|
)
|
|
$
|
(39,557,206
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,977,648
|
)
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR
THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 AND 2014
|
|
For
the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(7,415,298
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,612,540
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile
net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and
amortization
|
|
|
25,288
|
|
|
|
65,714
|
|
Accretion of interest
and amortization of debt discount
|
|
|
2,989,765
|
|
|
|
1,310,351
|
|
Stock-based compensation
expense
|
|
|
208,989
|
|
|
|
101,125
|
|
Warrant expense
|
|
|
163,115
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Amortization of
third party fees paid in common stock
|
|
|
457,030
|
|
|
|
307,013
|
|
Amortization of
board of director fees paid in preferred stock
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
84,750
|
|
Gain on extinguishment
of embedded derivative liabilities
|
|
|
(2,555,180
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Change in fair value
of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
2,222,001
|
|
|
|
(198,493
|
)
|
Changes in operating
assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
158,766
|
|
|
|
(124,387
|
)
|
Inventories
|
|
|
(187,820
|
)
|
|
|
(113,876
|
)
|
Prepaid expenses
and other assets
|
|
|
(15,722
|
)
|
|
|
(18,631
|
)
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
(94,392
|
)
|
|
|
(66,991
|
)
|
Accrued employee
compensation
|
|
|
18,662
|
|
|
|
8,014
|
|
Deferred
revenue and other accrued expenses
|
|
|
205,050
|
|
|
|
47,373
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(3,819,746
|
)
|
|
|
(3,210,578
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases
of property plant and equipment
|
|
|
(9,412
|
)
|
|
|
(7,139
|
)
|
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(9,412
|
)
|
|
|
(7,139
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds from
related party debt
|
|
|
6,300
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Payment of related
party debt
|
|
|
(12,300
|
)
|
|
|
(6,394
|
)
|
Net proceeds from
convertible debt
|
|
|
5,558,537
|
|
|
|
1,126,744
|
|
Payments on convertible
debt
|
|
|
(2,653,990
|
)
|
|
|
(303,100
|
)
|
Net proceeds from
non-convertible debt
|
|
|
1,257,418
|
|
|
|
302,252
|
|
Payments on non-convertible
debt
|
|
|
(587,949
|
)
|
|
|
(410,297
|
)
|
Payment of accrued
prepayment penalty
|
|
|
(96,023
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Net proceeds from
the exercise of common stock warrants
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
149,165
|
|
Net proceeds from
warrant reset transaction
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
862,518
|
|
Net
proceeds from the issuance of convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,939,360
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
3,471,993
|
|
|
|
3,660,248
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET DECREASE IN
CASH
|
|
|
(357,165
|
)
|
|
|
442,531
|
|
CASH
AT BEGINNING OF YEAR
|
|
|
473,948
|
|
|
|
31,417
|
|
CASH AT END
OF PERIOD
|
|
$
|
116,783
|
|
|
$
|
473,948
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid in
cash
|
|
$
|
1,072,900
|
|
|
$
|
14,832
|
|
Income taxes paid
in cash
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
NON CASH TRANSACTIONS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares issued for
conversion of debt and interest
|
|
|
396,919
|
|
|
|
136,500
|
|
Common stock issued
for preferred dividends
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
82,916
|
|
Convertible debt
exchanged for convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
Incremental value
from warrant modifications
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
163,654
|
|
Fair value of common
stock issued for services
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
214,192
|
|
Issuance of convertible
preferred stock for board fees
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
84,750
|
|
Beneficial conversion
feature on convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,495,415
|
|
Dividends earned
on convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
143,771
|
|
Accrued dividends
on preferred stock
|
|
|
23,194
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Issuance of common
stock for investment in available-for-sale equity securities
|
|
|
399,547
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Unrealized loss
from available-for-sale equity securities
|
|
|
105,025
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Debt discount from
derivative liability
|
|
|
6,819,730
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Extension fees added
to principal
|
|
|
84,000
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Prepayment penalty
and accrued interest enrolled into debt principal
|
|
|
48,950
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1)
Business Overview
Pressure
Biosciences, Inc. (“we”, “our”, “the Company”) is focused on solving the challenging problems
inherent in biological sample preparation, a crucial laboratory step performed by scientists worldwide working in biological life
sciences research. Sample preparation is a term that refers to a wide range of activities that precede most forms of scientific
analysis. Sample preparation is often complex, time-consuming, and in our belief, one of the most error-prone steps of scientific
research. It is a widely-used laboratory undertaking, the requirements of which drive what we believe is a large and growing worldwide
market. We have developed and patented a novel, enabling technology platform that can control the sample preparation process.
It is based on harnessing the unique properties of high hydrostatic pressure. This process, called pressure cycling technology,
or PCT, uses alternating cycles of hydrostatic pressure between ambient and ultra-high levels (35,000 psi or greater) to safely,
conveniently and reproducibly control the actions of molecules in biological samples, such as cells and tissues from human, animal,
plant, and microbial sources.
Our
pressure cycling technology uses internally developed instrumentation that is capable of cycling pressure between ambient and
ultra-high levels - at controlled temperatures and specific time intervals - to rapidly and repeatedly control the interactions
of bio-molecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and small molecules. Our laboratory instrument, the Barocycler®®,
and our internally developed consumables product line, including PULSE® (Pressure Used to Lyse Samples for Extraction) Tubes,
other processing tubes, and application specific kits (which include consumable products and reagents) together make up our PCT
Sample Preparation System, or PCT SPS.
In 2015, together with
an investment bank, we formed a subsidiary called Pressure BioSciences Europe (“PBI Europe”) in Poland. We have 49%
ownership interest with the investment bank retaining 51%. As of now, PBI Europe does not have any operating activities but is
expected to commence operations in 2016. Therefore, we don’t have control of the subsidiary and did not consolidate
in our financial statements. PBI Europe did not have any operations in 2015.
(2)
Going Concern
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates
the realization of assets and the liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, we have experienced negative
cash flows from operations with respect to our pressure cycling technology business since our inception. As of December 31, 2015,
we do not have adequate working capital resources to satisfy our current liabilities and as a result, there is substantial doubt
regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. We have been successful in raising cash through debt and equity offerings
in the past and as described in Note 6, completed debt financing subsequent to December 31, 2015. We have financing efforts in
place to continue to raise cash through debt and equity offerings.
Management
has developed a plan to continue operations. This plan includes obtaining equity or debt financing. During the year ended December
31, 2015 we received 6,822,255 net proceeds, in additional convertible and non-convertible debt. Although we have successfully
completed financings and reduced expenses in the past, we cannot assure you that our plans to address these matters in the future
will be successful.
We
need substantial additional capital to fund normal operations in future periods. In the event that we are unable to obtain financing
on acceptable terms, or at all, we will likely be required to cease our operations, pursue a plan to sell our operating assets,
or otherwise modify our business strategy, which could materially harm our future business prospects. These financial statements
do not include any adjustments that might result from this uncertainty.
(3)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
i.
Principles of Consolidation
The
consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pressure BioSciences, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiary PBI BioSeq,
Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
ii.
Use of Estimates
To
prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America, we are required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues
and expenses during the reporting period. In addition, significant estimates were made in projecting future cash flows to quantify
impairment of assets, deferred tax assets, the costs associated with fulfilling our warranty obligations for the instruments that
we sell, and the estimates employed in our calculation of fair value of stock options awarded, beneficial conversion features
and derivative liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to
be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets
and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions
used.
iii.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue
is recognized when realized or when realizable and earned when all the following criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of
an arrangement exists; goods were shipped, delivery of service has occurred and risk of loss has passed to the customer; the seller’s
price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.
Our
current instruments, the Barocycler® NEP3229 and NEP2320, require a basic level of instrumentation expertise to set-up for
initial operation. To support a favorable first experience for our customers, upon customer request and for an additional fee,
we will send a highly trained technical representative to the customer site to install Barocycler®s that we sell, lease, or
rent through our domestic sales force. The installation process includes uncrating and setting up the instrument, followed by
introductory user training. Product revenue related to current Barocycler® instrumentation is recognized upon shipment of
the unit, or in the case where the customer requests installation and training, the completion of the installation and introductory
training process of the instrumentation at the customer location, for domestic installations. Product revenue related to sales
of PCT instrumentation to our foreign distributors is recognized upon shipment through a common carrier. We provide for the expected
costs of warranty upon the recognition of revenue for the sales of our instrumentation. Our sales arrangements do not provide
our customers with a right of return. Product revenue related to the HUB440 and our consumable products such as PULSE® Tubes,
MicroTubes, and application specific kits is recorded upon shipment through a common carrier. Shipping costs are included in sales
and marketing expense. Any shipping costs billed to customers are recognized as revenue.
The
Company applies ASC 845, “Accounting for Non-Monetary Transactions”, to account for products and services sold through
non-cash transactions based on the fair values of the products and services involved, where such values can be determined. Non-cash
exchanges would require revenue to be recognized at recorded cost or carrying value of the assets or services sold if any of the
following conditions apply:
|
a)
|
The
fair value of the asset or service involved is not determinable.
|
|
|
|
|
b)
|
The
transaction is an exchange of a product or property held for sale in the ordinary course of business for a product or property
to be sold in the same line of business to facilitate sales to customers other than the parties to the exchange.
|
|
|
|
|
c)
|
The
transaction lacks commercial substance.
|
The
Company currently records revenue for its non-cash transactions at recorded cost or carrying value of the assets or services sold.
We
account for our lease agreements under the operating method. We record revenue over the life of the lease term and we record depreciation
expense on a straight-line basis over the thirty-six month estimated useful life of the Barocycler® instrument. The depreciation
expense associated with assets under lease agreement is included in the “Cost of PCT products and services” line item
in our consolidated statements of operations. Many of our lease and rental agreements allow the lessee to purchase the instrument
at any point during the term of the agreement with partial or full credit for payments previously made. We pay all maintenance
costs associated with the instrument during the term of the leases.
Revenue
from government grants is recorded when qualifying expenses are incurred under the grant in accordance with the terms of the grant
award.
Deferred
revenue represents amounts received from grants and the Company’s service contracts for which the related revenues have
not been recognized because one or more of the revenue recognition criteria have not been met. The current portion of deferred
revenue represents the amount to be recognized within one year from the balance sheet date based on the estimated performance
period of the underlying deliverables. Revenue from service contracts is recorded ratably over the length of the contract.
Our
transactions sometimes involve multiple elements (i.e., products and services). Revenue under multiple element arrangements is
recognized in accordance with FASB ASC 605-25
Multiple-Element Arrangements (“ASC 605”)
. When vendor specific
objective evidence or third party evidence of selling price for deliverables in an arrangement cannot be determined, the Company
develops a best estimate of the selling price to separate deliverables and allocates arrangement consideration using the relative
selling price method. If an arrangement includes undelivered elements that are not essential to the functionality of the delivered
elements, we defer the fair value of the undelivered elements to such time as they are delivered. Fair value is determined based
upon the price charged when the element is sold separately. If there is not sufficient evidence of the fair value of the undelivered
elements the Company uses its best estimate of the value of those items and recognizes revenues based on the relative values of
the delivered and undelivered items. We provide certain customers with extended service contracts with revenue recognized ratably
over the life of the contract.
iv.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Our
policy is to invest available cash in short-term, investment grade interest-bearing obligations, including money market funds,
and bank and corporate debt instruments. Securities purchased with initial maturities of three months or less are valued at cost
plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value, and are classified as cash equivalents.
v.
Research and Development
Research
and development costs, which are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities including wages
and associated employee benefits, facilities, consumable products and overhead costs that are expensed as incurred. In support
of our research and development activities we utilize our Barocycler® instruments that are capitalized as fixed assets and
depreciated over their expected useful life.
vi.
Inventories
Inventories
are valued at the lower of cost (average cost) or market (sales price). The cost of Barocycler®s consists of the cost charged
by the contract manufacturer. The cost of manufactured goods includes material, freight-in, direct labor, and applicable overhead.
The composition of inventory as of December 31, is as follows:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Raw materials
|
|
$
|
310,367
|
|
|
$
|
304,928
|
|
Finished goods
|
|
|
778,004
|
|
|
|
595,624
|
|
Inventory reserve
|
|
|
(50,000
|
)
|
|
|
(50,000
|
)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,038,371
|
|
|
$
|
850,552
|
|
vii.
Property and Equipment
Property
and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is recognized
using the straight-line method, allocating the cost of the assets over their estimated useful lives of three years for certain
laboratory equipment, from three to five years for management information systems and office equipment, and three years for all
PCT finished units classified as fixed assets.
viii.
Intangible Assets
We
have classified as intangible assets, costs associated with the fair value of acquired intellectual property. Intangible assets,
including patents, are being amortized on a straight-line basis over sixteen years. We perform an annual review of our intangible
assets for impairment. When impairment is indicated, any excess of carrying value over fair value is recorded as a loss. As of
December 31, 2015 and 2014, the outstanding balance for intangible assets is zero.
ix.
Long-Lived Assets
The
Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with the guidance of the FASB ASC 360-10-05,
Property,
Plant, and Equipment
, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to
the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment
to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Through December
31, 2015, the Company had not experienced impairment losses on its long-lived assets. While our current and historical operating
losses and cash flow are indicators of impairment, we performed an impairment test at December 31, 2015 and determined that such
long-lived assets were not impaired.
x.
Concentrations
Credit
Risk
Our
financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents
and trade receivables. We have cash investment policies which, among other things, limit investments to investment-grade securities.
We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, and the risk with respect to trade receivables is further mitigated by
the fact that many of our customers are government institutions and university labs. Allowances are provided for estimated amounts
of accounts receivable which may not be collected. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we determined that no allowance against accounts
receivable was necessary.
The
following table illustrates the level of concentration of the below two groups within revenue as a percentage of total revenues
during the years ended December 31:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Top Five Customers
|
|
|
38
|
%
|
|
|
32
|
%
|
Federal Agencies
|
|
|
23
|
%
|
|
|
6
|
%
|
The
following table illustrates the level of concentration of the below two groups within accounts receivable as a percentage of total
accounts receivable balance as of December 31:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Top Five Customers
|
|
|
93
|
%
|
|
|
86
|
%
|
Federal Agencies
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
Product
Supply
BIT
Group USA, formerly Source Scientific, LLC, has been our sole contract manufacturer for all of our PCT instrumentation. Until
we develop a broader network of manufacturers and subcontractors, obtaining alternative sources of supply or manufacturing services
could involve significant delays and other costs and challenges, and may not be available to us on reasonable terms, if at all.
The failure of a supplier or contract manufacturer to provide sufficient quantities, acceptable quality and timely products at
an acceptable price, or an interruption of supplies from such a supplier could harm our business and prospects.
Investment
in Available-For-Sale Equity Securities
As
of December 31, 2015, we held 601,500 shares of common stock of Everest Investments Holdings S.A. (“Everest”), a Polish
publicly traded company listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. We exchanged 1,000,000 shares of our common stock for the 601,500
shares from Everest. We account for this investment in accordance with ASC 320
“Investments — Debt and Equity Securities”
as securities available for sale. On December 31, 2015, our balance sheet reflected the fair value of our investment in Everest
to be $294,522, based on the closing price of Everest shares of $0.49 per share on that day. The carrying value of our investment
in Everest common stock held will change from period to period based on the closing price of the common stock of Everest as of
the balance sheet date. This change in market value will be recorded by us on a quarterly basis as an unrealized gain or loss
in Comprehensive Income or Loss.
xi.
Computation of Loss per Share
Basic
loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding plus additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been
issued. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, common stock dividends, warrants to acquire preferred stock
convertible into common stock, and warrants and options to acquire common stock, are all considered common stock equivalents in
periods in which they have a dilutive effect and are excluded from this calculation in periods in which these are anti-dilutive.
The following table illustrates our computation of loss per share for the years ended December 31:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(7,415,298
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,612,540
|
)
|
Beneficial conversion
feature for preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,495,415
|
)
|
Preferred
dividends accrued
|
|
|
(23,194
|
)
|
|
|
(143,771
|
)
|
Net
loss applicable to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
(7,438,492
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6,251,726
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator
for basic and diluted loss per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average
common shares outstanding
|
|
|
20,726,205
|
|
|
|
14,264,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss
per common share - basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.36
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.44
|
)
|
The
following table presents securities that could potentially dilute basic loss per share in the future. For all periods presented,
the potentially dilutive securities were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because these securities would
have been anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Stock options
|
|
|
5,571,250
|
|
|
|
3,406,250
|
|
Convertible debt
|
|
|
19,689,286
|
|
|
|
5,453,571
|
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
|
29,227,664
|
|
|
|
19,182,201
|
|
Convertible preferred stock:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series D Convertible
Preferred
|
|
|
750,000
|
|
|
|
750,000
|
|
Series G Convertible
Preferred
|
|
|
865,700
|
|
|
|
865,700
|
|
Series H Convertible
Preferred
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
Series H2 Convertible
Preferred
|
|
|
2,100,000
|
|
|
|
2,100,000
|
|
Series J Convertible
Preferred
|
|
|
3,546,000
|
|
|
|
3,546,000
|
|
Series
K Convertible Preferred
|
|
|
11,416,000
|
|
|
|
11,416,000
|
|
|
|
|
74,165,900
|
|
|
|
47,719,722
|
|
xii.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We
account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets, subject to valuation
allowances, and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements
or tax returns. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets
and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes. The Company considers many factors when assessing the likelihood
of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including recent cumulative earnings experience by taxing jurisdiction, expectations
of future taxable income or loss, the carry-forward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, and other relevant factors.
A valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the net deferred tax assets will not
be realized. If substantial changes in the Company’s ownership should occur, as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue
Code, there could be significant limitations on the amount of net loss carry forwards that could be used to offset future taxable
income.
Tax
positions must meet a “more likely than not” recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized. At December
31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions. No interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions
were accrued at December 31, 2015 and 2014.
xiii.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
We
maintain equity compensation plans under which incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options are granted to employees,
independent members of our Board of Directors and outside consultants. We recognize equity compensation expense over the requisite
service period using the Black-Scholes formula to estimate the fair value of the stock options on the date of grant. Employee
awards are accounted for under ASC 718 where the awards are valued at grant date. Awards given to nonemployees are accounted for
under ASC 505 where the awards are valued at earlier of commitment date or completion of services.
Determining
Fair Value of Stock Option Grants
Valuation
and Amortization Method
- The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing
model based on certain assumptions. The estimated fair value of employee stock options is amortized to expense using the straight-line
method over the vesting period, which generally is over three years.
Expected
Term
- The Company uses the simplified calculation of expected life, described in the FASB ASC 718,
Compensation-Stock
Compensation
, as the Company does not currently have sufficient historical exercise data on which to base an estimate of expected
term. Using this method, the expected term is determined using the average of the vesting period and the contractual life of the
stock options granted.
Expected
Volatility
- Expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock volatility data over the expected term of
the award.
Risk-Free
Interest Rate
- The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes valuation method on the implied yield
currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.
Forfeitures
- As required by FASB ASC 718,
Compensation-Stock Compensation
, the Company records stock-based compensation expense
only for those awards that are expected to vest. The Company estimated a forfeiture rate of 5% for awards granted based on historical
experience and future expectations of options vesting. We used this historical rate as our assumption in calculating future stock-based
compensation expense.
The
following table summarizes the assumptions we utilized for grants of stock options to the three sub-groups of our stock option
recipients during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:
Assumptions
|
|
Non-Employee
Board Members
|
|
|
CEO,
other Officers
and Employees
|
|
Expected
life
|
|
|
6.0
(yrs)
|
|
|
|
6.0
(yrs)
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
116.32%-141.15
|
%
|
|
|
116.32%-141.15
|
%
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
0.65%-2.54
|
%
|
|
|
0.65%-2.54
|
%
|
Forfeiture
rate
|
|
|
5.00
|
%
|
|
|
5.00
|
%
|
Expected
dividend yield
|
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
|
|
0.0
|
%
|
We
recognized stock-based compensation expense of $208,989 and $101,125 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The following table summarizes the effect of this stock-based compensation expense within each of the line items within our accompanying
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Research
and development
|
|
$
|
50,617
|
|
|
$
|
30,550
|
|
Selling
and marketing
|
|
|
32,704
|
|
|
|
19,792
|
|
General
and administrative
|
|
|
125,668
|
|
|
|
50,783
|
|
Total
stock-based compensation expense
|
|
$
|
208,989
|
|
|
$
|
101,125
|
|
During
the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the total fair value of stock options awarded was $598,582 and $401,617, respectively.
As
of December 31, 2015, the total estimated fair value of unvested stock options to be amortized over their remaining vesting period
was $740,117. The non-cash, stock based compensation expense associated with the vesting of these options will be $342,000 in
2016, $198,680 in 2017, and $199,437 in 2018.
xiv.
Advertising
Advertising
costs are expensed as incurred. We incurred $12,291 in 2015 with none incurred in 2014 for advertising.
xv.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Due
to their short maturities, the carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued
expenses approximate their fair value. Short-term and long-term liabilities are primarily related to liabilities transferred under
contractual arrangements with carrying values that approximate fair value.
xvi.
Fair Value Measurements
The
Company follows the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 820, “
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
” (“
ASC
820
”) as it related to financial assets and financial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in
the financial statements on a recurring basis.
The
Company generally defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company uses a three-tier fair value
hierarchy, which classifies the inputs used in measuring fair values. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs
such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active
markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market
data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
Financial
assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value
measurement. The Company has determined that its financial assets are currently classified within Level 1 and that its financial
liabilities are currently all classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
The
following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that were accounted for at fair value
on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. The development of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair
value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
value measurements at December 31, 2015 using:
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
Quoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
|
|
|
Significant
other observable inputs
(Level
2)
|
|
|
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level
3)
|
|
Available-For-Sale
Equity Securities
|
|
|
294,522
|
|
|
|
294,522
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Total
Financial Assets
|
|
$
|
294,522
|
|
|
$
|
294,522
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
Quoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
|
|
|
Significant
other
observable inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
|
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level
3)
|
|
Series
D Preferred Stock Purchase Warrants
|
|
$
|
173,526
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
173,526
|
|
Warrants
Issued with Convertible Debt
|
|
|
3,122,450
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,122,450
|
|
Conversion
Option Derivative Liabilities
|
|
|
3,940,791
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,940,791
|
|
Total
Derivatives
|
|
$
|
7,236,767
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
7,236,767
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
value measurements at December 31, 2014 using:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted
prices in
active
|
|
|
Significant
other
|
|
|
Significant
unobservable
|
|
|
|
|
|
markets
|
|
|
observable
inputs
|
|
|
inputs
|
|
|
December
31, 2014
|
|
|
(Level
1)
|
|
|
(Level
2)
|
|
|
(Level
3)
|
|
Series
D Preferred Stock Purchase Warrants
|
|
$
|
159,875
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
159,875
|
|
Conversion
Option Liabilities
|
|
590,341
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
590,341
|
|
Total
Derivatives
|
|
$
|
750,216
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
750,216
|
|
The
following table provides a summary of the changes in fair value, including net transfers in and/or out, of the derivative financial
instruments, measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs:
|
|
January
1, 2015
|
|
|
Issuance
fair value
|
|
|
Change
in fair value
|
|
|
Gain
on extinguishment of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
Series
D Preferred Stock Purchase Warrants
|
|
$
|
159,875
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
13,651
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
173,526
|
|
Warrants
Issued with Convertible Debt
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
2,320,021
|
|
|
|
802,429
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,122,450
|
|
Conversion
Option Derivative Liabilities
|
|
|
590,341
|
|
|
|
5,305,185
|
|
|
|
600,445
|
|
|
|
(2,555,180
|
)
|
|
|
3,940,791
|
|
Total
Derivatives
|
|
$
|
750,216
|
|
|
$
|
7,625,206
|
|
|
$
|
1,416,525
|
|
|
$
|
(2,555,180
|
)
|
|
$
|
7,236,767
|
|
|
|
January
1, 2014
|
|
|
Issuance
fair value
|
|
|
Change
in fair value
|
|
|
Gain
on extinguishment of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
December
31, 2014
|
|
Series
D Preferred Stock Purchase Warrants
|
|
$
|
344,570
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
145,710
|
|
|
$
|
(330,405
|
)
|
|
$
|
159,875
|
|
Conversion
Option Liabilities
|
|
|
356,197
|
|
|
|
898,684
|
|
|
|
(344,202
|
)
|
|
|
(320,338
|
)
|
|
|
590,341
|
|
Total
Derivatives
|
|
$
|
700,767
|
|
|
$
|
898,684
|
|
|
$
|
(198,492
|
)
|
|
$
|
(650,743
|
)
|
|
$
|
750,216
|
|
The
issuance fair value for 2015 includes the “day 1” derivative loss on the conversion option derivative liabilities
of $805,476 which are included in “change in fair value of derivative liabilities” in the consolidated statement of
operations.
The
fair value of the derivative liabilities were determined using a binomial pricing model. The assumptions for the binomial pricing
model are represented in the table below for the warrants issued in the Series D private placement reflected on a per share common
stock equivalent basis.
Assumptions
|
|
November
10, 2011
|
|
|
Warrants
revalued at
December 31, 2014
|
|
|
Warrants
revalued at
December 31, 2015
|
|
Expected
life (in months)
|
|
|
60.0
|
|
|
|
22.0
|
|
|
|
11.0
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
104.5
|
%
|
|
|
116.0
|
%
|
|
|
104.9
|
%
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
0.875
|
%
|
|
|
0.58
|
%
|
|
|
0.65
|
%
|
Exercise
price
|
|
$
|
0.81
|
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
Fair
value per warrant
|
|
$
|
0.54
|
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
|
$
|
0.16
|
|
There
were no warrants issued in 2014 with Convertible Debt. The assumptions for the binomial pricing model are represented in the table
below for the warrants issued with the Convertible Debt in 2015 reflected on a per share common stock equivalent basis.
Assumptions
|
|
At
Issuance
Fair
value
|
|
|
Warrants
revalued at
December 31, 2015
|
|
Expected
life (in months)
|
|
|
60.0
|
|
|
|
55.0-60.0
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
118.3-120.1
|
%
|
|
|
136.3-141.6
|
%
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
1.48-1.69
|
%
|
|
|
1.29-1.76
|
%
|
Exercise
price
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
Fair
value per warrant
|
|
$
|
0.19-$0.21
|
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
The
2015 assumptions for the binomial pricing model are represented in the table below for the conversion options reflected on a per
share common stock equivalent basis.
Assumptions
|
|
At
Issuance
fair value
|
|
|
At
Settlement
fair value
|
|
|
Conversion
options
revalued at
December 31, 2015
|
|
Expected
life (in months)
|
|
|
6-24
|
|
|
|
0-18
|
|
|
|
18-24
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
104.2-153.8
|
%
|
|
|
86.9%-142.2
|
%
|
|
|
112.2-114.7
|
%
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
0.05-0.99
|
%
|
|
|
0.01-0.72
|
%
|
|
|
1.06
|
%
|
Exercise
price
|
|
|
$0.10-$0.35
|
|
|
|
$0.10-$0.25
|
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
Fair
value per conversion option
|
|
|
$0.09-$0.28
|
|
|
|
$0.07-$0.26
|
|
|
|
$0.14-$0.33
|
|
The
2014 assumptions for the binomial pricing model are represented in the table below for the conversion options reflected on a per
share common stock equivalent basis.
Assumptions
|
|
|
At
Issuance
fair value
|
|
|
|
Conversion
options
revalued at
December 31, 2014
|
|
Expected
life (in months)
|
|
|
6-24
|
|
|
|
1-32
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
104.4-206.2
%
|
|
|
|
77.4-154.1
%
|
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
0.05-0.99
%
|
|
|
|
0.03-.0.88
%
|
|
Exercise
price
|
|
|
$0.13-$0.45
|
|
|
|
$0.14-0.35
|
|
Fair
value per conversion option
|
|
|
$0.15-$0.29
|
|
|
|
$0.00-$0.19
|
|
xvii.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In
April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
No. 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 requires
that debt issuance costs be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, consistent
with the presentation of debt discounts. Prior to the issuance of ASU 2015-03, debt issuance costs were required to be presented
as deferred charge assets, separate from the related debt liability. ASU 2015-03 does not change the recognition and measurement
requirements for debt issuance costs. The Company early-adopted ASU 2015-03 as of the end of its Fiscal 2015, and applied its
provisions retrospectively. The adoption of ASU 2015-03 resulted in the reclassification of approximately $888,000 unamortized
debt issuance costs related to the Company's Senior Notes (see Note 8) from other non-current assets to long-term debt within
its consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015. Other than this reclassification, the adoption of ASU 2015-03 and other
new pronouncements that have been issued did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
(4)
Property and Equipment, net
Property
and equipment as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following components:
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Laboratory and manufacturing
equipment
|
|
$
|
226,081
|
|
|
$
|
226,081
|
|
Office equipment
|
|
|
158,872
|
|
|
|
149,459
|
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
|
8,117
|
|
|
|
8,117
|
|
PCT collaboration,
demonstration and leased systems
|
|
|
461,858
|
|
|
|
461,858
|
|
Total property and equipment
|
|
|
854,928
|
|
|
|
845,515
|
|
Less accumulated
depreciation
|
|
|
(834,779
|
)
|
|
|
(809,490
|
)
|
Net book value
|
|
$
|
20,149
|
|
|
$
|
36,025
|
|
Depreciation
expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $25,288 and $29,213, respectively.
(5)
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible
assets as of December 31, 2015 reflect the purchase price attributable to patents in connection with the 1998 acquisition of BioSeq,
Inc. and the PCT business. Acquired PCT patents were being amortized to expense on a straight-line basis at the rate of $48,632
per year over their estimated remaining useful lives of approximately 6 years. Intangible assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014
consisted of the following:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
PCT
Patents
|
|
$
|
778,156
|
|
|
$
|
778,156
|
|
Less
accumulated amortization
|
|
|
(778,156
|
)
|
|
|
(778,156
|
)
|
Net
book value
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Amortization
expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $36,498, at which time the assets were fully amortized.
(6)
Retirement Plan
We
provide all of our employees with the opportunity to participate in our retirement savings plan. Our retirement savings plan has
been qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Eligible employees are permitted to contribute to the plan through
payroll deductions within statutory limitations and subject to any limitations included in the plan. During 2015 and 2014 we contributed
$22,098 and $10,022, respectively, in the form of discretionary Company-matching contributions.
(7)
Income Taxes
Tax
positions must meet a “more likely than not” recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized. At December
31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions. No interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions
were accrued at December 31, 2015 and 2014.
We
did not record an income tax benefit or provision for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Significant
items making up the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are as follows:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Current deferred taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories
|
|
$
|
19,640
|
|
|
$
|
19,640
|
|
Other accruals
|
|
|
23,714
|
|
|
|
21,818
|
|
Less:
valuation allowance
|
|
|
(43,354
|
)
|
|
|
(41,458
|
)
|
Total
current deferred tax assets
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Long term deferred taxes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accelerated tax
depreciation
|
|
$
|
14,134
|
|
|
$
|
12,162
|
|
Non-cash, stock-based
compensation, nonqualified
|
|
|
562,426
|
|
|
|
440,614
|
|
Goodwill and intangibles
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Operating loss carry
forwards and tax credits
|
|
|
12,028,900
|
|
|
|
9,720,260
|
|
Less:
valuation allowance
|
|
|
(12,605,460
|
)
|
|
|
(10,173,036
|
)
|
Total long term
deferred tax assets (liabilities), net
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Total net deferred tax liabilities
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
A
valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Accordingly, a valuation allowance was established in 2015 and 2014 for the full amount of our deferred tax assets due to the
uncertainty of realization. We believe based on our projection of future taxable operating income for the foreseeable future,
it is more likely than not that we will not be able to realize the benefit of the deferred tax asset at December 31, 2015.
We
have net operating loss carry-forwards for federal income tax purposes of $26,752,000 as of December 31, 2015. Included in these
numbers are loss carry-forwards that were obtained through the acquisition of BioSeq, Inc. and are subject to Section 382 NOL
limitations. These net operating loss carry-forwards expire at various dates from 2018 through 2036.
We
had net operating loss carry-forwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $20,895,000 at December 31, 2015. These net
operating loss carry-forwards expire at various dates from 2016 through 2036.
We
have research and development tax credit carry-forwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $1,019,000 as of December
31, 2015 and research and development tax credit carry-forwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $165,000 as of
December 31, 2015. The federal credit carry-forwards expire at various dates from 2016 through 2036. The state credit carry-forwards
expire at various dates from 2023 through 2031.
In
addition, we have federal alternative minimum tax credit carry-forwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $217,000
as of December 31, 2015. These credits do not expire.
Our
effective income tax (benefit) provision rate was different than the statutory federal income tax (benefit) provision rate as
follows for the years ended December 31:
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2014
|
|
Federal tax provision rate
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
Permanent differences
|
|
|
(12
|
)%
|
|
|
(2
|
)%
|
State tax expense
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
Refundable AMT and R&D tax credit
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
Net operating loss carry back
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(23
|
)%
|
|
|
(32
|
)%
|
Effective income
tax provision
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
(8)
Commitments and Contingencies
Operating
Leases
Our
corporate office is currently located at 14 Norfolk Avenue, South Easton, Massachusetts 02375. We are currently paying $4,800
per month, on a lease extension, signed on December 29, 2015, that expires December 31, 2016, for our corporate office.
On
November 1, 2014 we signed a lease for lab space in Medford, MA. We subsequently expanded our space in Medford. The lease expires
December 30, 2017 and requires monthly payments of $5,385 subject to annual cost of living increases.
Following
is a schedule by years of future minimum rental payments required under operating leases with initial or remaining non-cancelable
lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2015:
2016
|
|
$
|
122,220
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
64,620
|
|
Total
minimum payments required
|
|
$
|
186,840
|
|
Royalty
Commitments
BioMolecular
Assays, Inc.
In
1996, we acquired our initial equity interest in BioSeq, Inc., which at the time was developing our original pressure cycling
technology. BioSeq, Inc. acquired its pressure cycling technology from BioMolecular Assays, Inc. under a technology transfer and
patent assignment agreement. In 1998, we purchased all of the remaining outstanding capital stock of BioSeq, Inc., and at such
time, the technology transfer and patent assignment agreement was amended to require us to pay BioMolecular Assays, Inc. a 5%
royalty on our sales of products or services that incorporate or utilize the original pressure cycling technology that BioSeq,
Inc. acquired from BioMolecular Assays, Inc. We are also required to pay BioMolecular Assays, Inc. 5% of the proceeds from any
sale, transfer or license of all or any portion of the original pressure cycling technology. These payment obligations terminate
in 2016. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we incurred $31,301 and $31,835 in royalties, respectively.
In
connection with our acquisition of BioSeq, Inc., we licensed certain limited rights to the original pressure cycling technology
back to BioMolecular Assays, Inc. This license is non-exclusive and limits the use of the original pressure cycling technology
by BioMolecular Assays, Inc. solely for molecular applications in scientific research and development and in scientific plant
research and development. BioMolecular Assays, Inc. is required to pay us a royalty equal to 20% of any license or other fees
and royalties, but not including research support and similar payments, it receives in connection with any sale, assignment, license
or other transfer of any rights granted to BioMolecular Assays, Inc. under the license. BioMolecular Assays, Inc. must pay us
these royalties until the expiration in March 2016 of the patents held by BioSeq, Inc. since 1998. We have not received
any royalty payments from BioMolecular Assays, Inc. under this license.
Battelle
Memorial Institute
In
December 2008, we entered into an exclusive patent license agreement with the Battelle Memorial Institute (“
Battelle
”).
The licensed technology is the subject of a patent application filed by Battelle in 2008 and relates to a method and a system
for improving the analysis of protein samples, including through an automated system utilizing pressure and a pre-selected agent
to obtain a digested sample in a significantly shorter period of time than current methods, while maintaining the integrity of
the sample throughout the preparatory process. In addition to royalty payments on net sales on “licensed products”,
we are obligated to make minimum royalty payments for each year that we retain the rights outlined in the patent license agreement
and we are required to have our first commercial sale of the licensed products within one year following the issuance of the patent
covered by the licensed technology. After re-negotiating the terms of the contract in 2013, the minimum annual royalty was
$1,200 in 2014 and $2,000 in 2015; the minimum royalties are $3,000 in 2016, $4,000 in 2017 and $5,000 in 2018 and each calendar
year thereafter during the term of the agreement.
Target
Discovery Inc
.
In
March 2010, we signed a strategic product licensing, manufacturing, co-marketing, and collaborative research and development agreement
with Target Discovery Inc. (“
TDI
”). Under the terms of the agreement, we have been licensed by TDI to manufacture
and sell a highly innovative line of chemicals used in the preparation of tissues for scientific analysis (“
TDI reagents
”).
The TDI reagents were designed for use in combination with our pressure cycling technology. The companies believe that the combination
of PCT and the TDI reagents can fill an existing need in life science research for an automated method for rapid extraction and
recovery of intact, functional proteins associated with cell membranes in tissue samples. We did not incur any royalty obligation
under this agreement in 2015 or 2014.
In
April 2012, we signed a non-exclusive license agreement with TDI to grant the non-exclusive use of our pressure cycling technology.
We recorded $22,000 of minimum royalty income in 2015 but none in 2014.
Severance
and Change of Control Agreements
Each
of Mr. Schumacher, and Drs. Ting, Lazarev, and Lawrence, executive officers of the Company, are entitled to receive a severance
payment if terminated by us without cause. The severance benefits would include a payment in an amount equal to one year of such
executive officer’s annualized base salary compensation plus accrued paid time off. Additionally, the officer will be entitled
to receive medical and dental insurance coverage for one year following the date of termination.
Each
of these executive officers, other than Mr. Schumacher, is entitled to receive a change of control payment in an amount equal
to one year of such executive officer’s annualized base salary compensation, accrued paid time off, and medical and dental
coverage, in the event of a change of control of the Company. In the case of Mr. Schumacher, this payment would be equal to two
years of annualized base salary compensation, accrued paid time off, and two years of medical and dental coverage. The severance
payment is meant to induce the aforementioned executives to remain in the employ of the Company, in general; and particularly
in the occurrence of a change in control, as a disincentive to the control change.
(9)
Convertible Debt and Other Debt
We
have entered into various convertible debentures. The convertible debentures have terms ranging from 12 to 24 months and subject
to annual interest rates ranging from 2% to 9%. The proceeds received are net of fees. The lenders charge interest per annum based
on the principal balance. The lenders have the right, at any time after 180 days from the issue date to convert any or part of
the outstanding and unpaid principal and interest into shares of the Company’s common stock based on a volume weighted average
price of the closing prices of the Company’s shares during various periods prior to conversion subject to adjustments for
stock splits, stock dividends or rights offerings. The Company shall have the right to prepay the debenture for a payment of the
outstanding principal plus unpaid interest at any time on or before six months after the effective date. If the Company chooses
to prepay it will incur pre-payment penalties ranging from 9.5% to 38% of the principal balance. The Company is required to reserve
shares of common stock for full conversion of these debentures. The maturity dates range from six months to two years after the
effective date of the payment. The convertible debt as of December 31, 2015 are secured by the assets of the Company. The Company
determined that the conversion feature met the definition of a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40 and therefore bifurcated
the conversion feature on each debt agreement and accounted for it as a derivative liability. The fair value of the conversion
feature was accounted for as a note discount and will be amortized to interest expense over the life of the loan. The fair value
of the conversion feature was reflected in the conversion option liability line in the consolidated balance sheets. We will continue
to classify the fair value of the conversion options as a liability until the conversion options are exercised, expire or are
amended in a way that would no longer require these conversion options to be classified as a liability, whichever comes first.
The
proceeds from these convertible debts were allocated between the host debt instrument and the convertible option based on the
residual method. The estimated fair value of the convertible option was determined using a binomial formula, resulting in allocations
to the convertible option and accounted for as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with
the provisions of ASC 815-40, the gross proceeds are offset by debt discounts, which are amortized to interest expense over the
expected life of the debt.
In
connection with the senior secured convertible debentures issued in our still open $5 million private placement, we also issued
warrants to the lenders to purchase an aggregate 8,767,857 shares of the Common Stock, at an exercise price of $0.40 per share,
expiring five years after the issuance date.
ASC
470-20 states that the proceeds from the issuance of debt with detachable stock warrants should be allocated between the debt
and warrants on the basis of their relative fair market values. The debt discount will be amortized to interest expense over the
two-year term of these loans. The convertible debentures and warrants issued in connection with the convertible debentures are
classified as derivative liabilities because the convertible debentures and warrants are entitled to certain rights in subsequent
financings and these instruments contain “down-round protection” and therefore, do not meet the scope exception for
treatment as a derivative under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”). Since “down-round protection”
is not an input into the calculation of the fair value of the convertible debentures and warrants, the instruments cannot be considered
indexed to the Company’s own stock, which is a requirement for the scope exception as outlined under ASC 815. The estimated
fair value of the warrants was determined using the binomial model, resulting in an allocation of $1,933,375 to the total warrants
out of the gross proceeds of $4,910,000 at issuance date. The fair value will be affected by changes in inputs to that model including
our stock price, expected stock price volatility, the contractual term, and the risk-free interest rate. We will continue to classify
the fair value of the warrants as a liability until the warrants are exercised, expire or are amended in a way that would no longer
require these warrants to be classified as a liability, whichever comes first.
The
specific terms of the $5.4 million PIPE convertible debentures and outstanding balances as of December 31, 2015 are listed in
the tables below.
Fixed
Rate Convertible Notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inception
Date
|
|
Term
|
|
|
Loan
Amount
|
|
|
Outstanding
Balance
|
|
|
Original
Issue Discount
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
Rate
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
Finance Fees
|
|
|
Discount
related to Fair value of conversion feature and warrants
|
|
|
Prepayment
Penalty
|
|
July
22, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
$
|
2,180,000
|
|
|
$
|
2,180,000
|
|
|
$
|
218,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
388,532
|
|
|
$
|
2,163,074
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
September
25, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
|
|
110,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
185,956
|
|
|
|
1,022,052
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
October
2, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
26,345
|
|
|
|
140,832
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
October
6, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
3,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
5,168
|
|
|
|
26,721
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
October
14, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
8,954
|
|
|
|
49,377
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
November
2, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
43,079
|
|
|
|
222,723
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
November
10, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
8,790
|
|
|
|
46,984
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
November
12, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
215,000
|
|
|
|
215,000
|
|
|
|
21,500
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
38,518
|
|
|
|
212,399
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
November
20, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
37,185
|
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
December
4, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
170,000
|
|
|
|
170,000
|
|
|
|
17,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
37,352
|
|
|
|
170,000
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
December
11, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
360,000
|
|
|
|
360,000
|
|
|
|
36,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
75,449
|
|
|
|
360,000
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
December
18, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
5,500
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
11,714
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
20,634
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
20
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,910,000
|
|
|
$
|
4,910,000
|
|
|
$
|
491,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
887,676
|
|
|
$
|
4,769,162
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
The original issue discount is reflected in the first year.
2
The annual interest starts accruing in the second year.
Deferred
finance fees include cash commissions amounting to $501,000 and the fair value of the 1,689,286 warrants issued to the placement
agent amounting to $386,676. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized amortization expense related to the
debt discounts indicated above of $924,180. The unamortized debt discounts as of December 31, 2015 related to the convertible
debentures amounted to $5,223,658.
As
of December 31, 2015, the Company also had an outstanding convertible note with a third party amounting to $100,000. The note
is convertible at a fixed rate of $0.25 and matures in July 2016.
Variable
Rate Convertible Notes
|
|
|
Inception
Date
|
|
Term
|
|
|
Loan
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
Rate
|
|
|
Fees
|
|
|
Fair
value of conversion feature
|
|
|
Prepayment
Penalty
|
|
|
Discount
to VWAP
|
|
Share
reserve requirement
|
|
|
December
4, 2013
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
$
|
223,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
$
|
10,000
|
|
|
$
|
59,903
|
|
|
20
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
February
2, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
62,219
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
February
2, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
120,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
74,663
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
February
22, 2015
|
|
|
six
months
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
61,597
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
February
25, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
112,500
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
312,847
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
March
4, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
52,500
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
53,213
|
|
|
19-38
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
March
6, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
236,250
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
33,900
|
|
|
|
212,918
|
|
|
19-35
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
March
17, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
64,382
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
March
20, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
25,077
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
March
26, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
6
|
%
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
|
164,501
|
|
|
19-37.5
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
March
27, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
52,500
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
57,502
|
|
|
19-38
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
March
27, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
|
|
8,000
|
|
|
|
154,359
|
|
|
19-38
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
April
1, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
155,793
|
|
|
25-35
|
|
%
|
|
40%
of 10 days
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
April
20, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
81,250
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
6,563
|
|
|
|
117,679
|
|
|
20
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
April
28, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
54,050
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
|
4,050
|
|
|
|
35,143
|
|
|
20
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
May
12, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
107,764
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
7,763
|
|
|
|
145,527
|
|
|
20
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
May
20, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
92,715
|
|
|
9.5-33
|
|
%
|
|
45%
of 10 days
|
|
|
3,000,000
|
|
|
May
26, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
60,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
|
|
3,500
|
|
|
|
79,287
|
|
|
10-35
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
June
23, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
126,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
|
108,297
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
35%
of 15 days
|
|
|
3,101,000
|
|
|
June
24, 2015
|
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
54,511
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
35%
of 10 days
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
July
2, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
52,500
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
54,297
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
35%
of 15 days
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
|
|
July
2, 2015
|
|
|
12
months
|
|
|
|
52,500
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
54,297
|
|
|
19-33
|
|
%
|
|
35%
of 15 days
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,105,814
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
105,776
|
|
|
$
|
2,200,727
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,601,000
|
|
|
*
The loans above either had outstanding balances as of December 31, 2014 or were issued in 2015 and subsequently paid off in 2015.
The
following table provides a summary of the changes in convertible debt, net of unamortized discount, during 2015:
|
|
2015
|
Balance
at January 1,
|
|
$
|
1,004,513
|
|
Issuance
of convertible debt, face value
|
|
|
7,287,317
|
|
Original
issue discount
|
|
|
(567,780
|
)
|
Debt
discount from derivative liabilities (embedded conversion option and warrants)
|
|
|
(6,433,054
|
)
|
Deferred
financing fees
|
|
|
(887,676
|
)
|
Repayment
of convertible debt
|
|
|
(2,653,990
|
)
|
Conversion
of convertible debt into common stock
|
|
|
(382,054
|
)
|
Fees
added to principal debt
|
|
|
84,000
|
|
Settlement
of prepayment penalty
|
|
|
(96,023
|
)
|
Amortization
of debt discount to interest expense through December 31,
|
|
|
2,922,089
|
|
Balance
at December 31,
|
|
|
277,342
|
|
Less:
current portion
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
Convertible
debt, long-term portion
|
|
$
|
177,342
|
|
Other
Notes
On
June 6, 2014, we signed a Merchant Agreement with On Deck Capital. Under the agreement we received $150,000 in exchange for rights
to all customer receipts until On Deck Capital is paid $190,499, to be collected at the rate of $756 per business day. The payments
are secured by essentially all tangible assets of the Company. The Company paid On Deck Capital $3,750 in fees related to this
transaction. The note was paid off in its entirety in 2015.
On
January 15, 2015 we signed a Merchant Agreement with a lender. Under the agreement, we received $150,000 in exchange for rights
to all customer receipts until the lender was paid $187,500, which was collected at the rate of $744 per business day. The payments
were secured by essentially all tangible assets of the Company. $67,925 of the proceeds were used to pay off the outstanding balance
of a previous loan from this lender. The Company paid $1,875 in fees in connection with this loan. The note was paid off in its
entirety prior to December 31, 2015.
On
January 29, 2015 we signed a Merchant Agreement with a lender. Under the agreement, we received $200,000 in exchange for rights
to all customer receipts until the lender was paid $278,000, which was collected at the rate of $1,985 per business day. The payments
were secured by essentially all tangible assets of the Company. The Company paid $999 in fees in connection with this loan. The
note was paid off in its entirety prior to December 31, 2015.
On
March 17, 2015 we signed a Merchant Agreement with a lender. Under the agreement, we received $50,000 in exchange for rights to
all customer receipts until the lender was paid $67,450, which was collected at the rate of $559 per business day. The payments
were secured by essentially all tangible assets of the Company. The Company paid $999 in fees in connection with this loan. The
note was paid off in its entirety prior to December 31, 2015.
On
May 29, 2015 we signed a Merchant Agreement with a lender. Under the agreement, we received $100,000 in exchange for rights to
all customer receipts until the lender was paid $132,000, which was collected at the rate of $1,098 per business day. The Company
paid $3,999 in fees in connection with this loan. The note was paid off in its entirety prior to December 31, 2015.
On
August 28, 2015 we signed a Merchant Agreement with a lender. Under the agreement, we received $300,000 in exchange for rights
to all customer receipts until the lender is paid $384,000, to be collected at the rate of $2,560 per business day. The payments
are not secured. On the closing date, $131,710 of the proceeds were used to pay off the outstanding balances of two existing Notes.
The Company paid $6,000 in fees in connection with this loan. The outstanding balance is recorded as other debt on the balance
sheet.
During
the year ended December 31, 2015, we signed three ninety-day notes with an investor. Under the terms of the notes, the Company
received a total of $600,000. The investor converted these loans, plus $60,000 in accrued interest into the Company’s $5
million PIPE offering on July 21, 2015. There was no gain or loss on the conversion.
During
the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company made payments of $587,949 in total on the non-convertible debt from non-related
parties.
Related
Party Notes
During
the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company received advances from certain officers of the Company amounting to $6,300 and made
payments of $12,300. These advances are non-interest bearing and payable on demand. As of December 31, 2015 there are no outstanding
notes to related parties.
(10)
Stockholders’ (Deficit)
Preferred
Stock
We
are authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01. Of the 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock:
|
1)
|
20,000
shares have been designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (“
Junior A
”)
|
|
|
|
|
2)
|
313,960
shares have been designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series A
”)
|
|
|
|
|
3)
|
279,256
shares have been designated as Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series B
”)
|
|
|
|
|
4)
|
88,098
shares have been designated as Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series C
”)
|
|
|
|
|
5)
|
850
shares have been designated as Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series D
”)
|
|
|
|
|
6)
|
500
shares have been designated as Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
(“Series E”)
|
|
|
|
|
7)
|
240,000
shares have been designated as Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series G
”)
|
|
|
|
|
8)
|
10,000
shares have been designated as Series H Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series H
”)
|
|
|
|
|
9)
|
21
shares have been designated as Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series H2
”)
|
|
|
|
|
10)
|
6,250
shares have been designated as Series J Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series J
”)
|
|
|
|
|
11)
|
15,000
shares have been designated as Series K Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series K
”)
|
As
of December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were no shares of Junior A, and Series A, B, C, E, and H1 issued and outstanding.
Series
D Convertible Preferred Stock
On
November 11, 2011, we completed a registered direct offering, pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 843 units for a purchase
price of $1,000 per unit, resulting in gross proceeds to us of $843,000 (the “
Series D Placement
”). Each unit
(“
Series D Unit
”) consisted of (i) one share of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share
(the “
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
”) convertible into 1,538.46 shares of our common stock, (subject
to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalization, etc.) and (ii) one five-year warrant to purchase approximately
614 shares of our common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.81, subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrants (“
Series
D Warrant
”). The Series D Warrants will be exercisable beginning on May 11, 2012 and until the close of business on
the fifth anniversary of the initial exercise date.
The
proceeds from the sale of each Series D Unit were allocated between the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and the Series D
Warrants based on the residual method. The estimated fair value of the Series D Warrants was determined using a binomial formula,
resulting in an allocation of the gross proceeds of $283,725 to the total warrants issued. The allocation of the gross proceeds
to the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock was $559,275. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 470-20, an additional adjustment
between Additional Paid in Capital and Accumulated Deficit of $530,140 was recorded to reflect an implicit non-cash dividend related
to the allocation of proceeds between the stock and warrants issued. The $530,140 represents the value of the adjustment to additional
paid in capital related to the beneficial conversion feature of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock. The value adjustment
was calculated by subtracting the fair market value of the underlying common stock on November 10, 2011 issuable upon conversion
of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock from the fair market value of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock as determined
when the Company performed a fair market value allocation of the proceeds to the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants.
The warrants are recorded as a liability. See “Warrant Derivative Liability” below.
The
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock will rank senior to the Company’s common stock and Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
with respect to payments made upon liquidation, winding up or dissolution. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of
the Company, after payment of the Company’s debts and liabilities, and before any payment is made to the holders of any
junior securities, the holders of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock will first be entitled to be paid $1,000 per share subject
to adjustment for accrued but unpaid dividends.
We
may not pay any dividends on shares of common stock unless we also pay dividends on the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock in
the same form and amount, on an as-if-converted basis, as dividends actually paid on shares of our common stock. Except for such
dividends, no other dividends may be paid on the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock.
Each
share of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into 1,538.46 shares of common stock (based upon an initial conversion
price of $0.65 per share) at any time at the option of the holder, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations,
and similar recapitalization transactions (the “
Series D Conversion Ratio
”). Subject to certain exceptions,
if the Company issues any shares of common stock or common stock equivalents at a per share price that is lower than the conversion
price of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, the conversion price will be reduced to the per share price at which such shares
of common stock or common stock equivalents are issued. Each share of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock will automatically
be converted into shares of common stock at the Series D Conversion Ratio then in effect if, after six months from the closing
of the Series D Placement, the common stock trades on the OTC Market (or other primary trading market or exchange on which the
common stock is then traded) at a price equal to at least 300% of the then effective Series D Convertible Preferred Stock conversion
price for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days with each trading day having a volume of at least $50,000. Unless waived under
certain circumstances by the holder of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, such holder’s Series D Convertible Preferred
Stock may not be converted if upon such conversion the holder’s beneficial ownership would exceed certain thresholds.
In
addition, in the event we consummate a merger or consolidation with or into another person or other reorganization event in which
our shares of common stock are converted or exchanged for securities, cash or other property, or we sell, lease, license or otherwise
dispose of all or substantially all of our assets or we or another person acquire 50% or more of our outstanding shares of common
stock, then following such event, the holders of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive upon conversion
of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property which the holders of the
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock would have received had they converted the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock immediately
prior to such fundamental transaction.
The
holders of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock are not entitled to vote on any matters presented to the stockholders of the Company
for their action or consideration at any meeting of stockholders of the Company (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu
of meeting), except that the holders of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock may vote separately as a class on any matters that
would (i) amend, our Restated Articles of Organization, as amended, in a manner that adversely affects the rights of the Series
D Convertible Preferred Stock, (ii) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights of the Series D Convertible Preferred
Stock or alter or amend the certificate of designation, (iii) authorize or create any class of shares ranking as to dividends,
redemption or distribution of assets upon liquidation senior to, or otherwise pari passu with, the Series D Convertible Preferred
Stock, or (iv) increase the number of authorized shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock.
If,
within 12 months of the initial issuance of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, we issue any common stock, common stock
equivalents, indebtedness or any combination thereof (a “
Subsequent Financing
”), the holders of Series D Convertible
Preferred Stock will have the right to participate on a pro-rata basis in up to 50% of such Subsequent Financing.
Series
D Warrants
The
Series D Warrants originally had an exercise price equal to $0.81 per share of common stock. In April 2012, the number of Series
D Warrants increased by 530,406 to a total of 1,047,875 and each Series D Warrant had an exercise price reset to $0.40 per share
of common stock. In December of 2013 the number of Series D Warrants increased by 628,733 to a total of 1,676,608 and each Series
D Warrant had an exercise price reset to $0.25 per share of common stock. The Series D Warrants will be exercisable beginning
on the six-month anniversary of the date of issuance and expire five years from the initial exercise date. The Series D Warrants
permit the holder to conduct a “cashless exercise” at any time a registration statement registering, or the prospectus
contained therein, is not available for the issuance of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series D Warrant,
and under certain circumstances at the expiration of the Series D Warrants. The exercise price and/or number of shares of common
stock issuable upon exercise of the Series D Warrants are subject to adjustment for certain stock dividends, stock splits or similar
capital reorganizations, as set forth in the Warrants. The exercise price is also subject to adjustment in the event that we issue
any shares of common stock or common stock equivalents at a per share price that is lower than the exercise price for the Series
D Warrants then in effect. Upon any such issuance, subject to certain exceptions, the exercise price will be reduced to the per
share price at which such shares of common stock or common stock equivalents are issued and number of Series D Warrant shares
issuable thereunder shall be increased such that the aggregate exercise price payable thereunder, after taking into account the
decrease in the exercise price, shall be equal to the aggregate exercise price prior to such adjustment. Unless waived under certain
circumstance by the holder of a Series D Warrant, such holder may not exercise the Series D Warrant if upon such exercise the
holder’s beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock would exceed certain thresholds.
In
the event we consummate a merger or consolidation with or into another person or other reorganization event in which our shares
of common stock are converted or exchanged for securities, cash or other property, or we sell, lease, license or otherwise dispose
of all or substantially all of our assets or we or another person acquire 50% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock,
then following such event, the holders of the Series D Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Series D Warrants
the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property which the holders would have received had they exercised the Series D
Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction.
Series
G Convertible Preferred Stock
On
July 6 and November 15, 2012, we completed a private placement, pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 145,320 units for a
purchase price of $5.00 per unit (the “Series G Purchase Price”), resulting in gross proceeds to us of $726,600 (the
“
Series G Private Placement
”). Each unit (“
Series G Unit
”) consists of (i) one share of
Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Series G Preferred Stock”) convertible into
10 shares of our common stock, (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalization, etc.) and (ii) a three-year
warrant to purchase 5 shares of our common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.50 (the “
Series G Warrant
”).
The Series G Warrants will be exercisable until the close of business on the third anniversary of the applicable closing date
of the Series G Private Placement.
Each
share of Series G Preferred Stock will receive a cumulative dividend at the annual rate of (i) four percent (4%) on those shares
of Series G Preferred Stock purchased from the Company by an individual purchaser with an aggregate investment of less than $100,000,
(ii) six percent (6%) on those shares of Series G Preferred Stock purchased from the Company by an individual purchaser with an
aggregate investment of at least $100,000 but less than $250,000, and (iii) twelve percent (12%) on those shares of Series G Preferred
Stock purchased from the Company by an individual purchaser with an aggregate investment of at least $250,000. Dividends accruing
on the Series G Preferred Stock shall accrue from day to day until, and shall be paid within fifteen (15) days of, the first anniversary
of, the original issue date of the Series G Preferred Stock; provided, however, if any shares of the Company’s Series E
Preferred Stock are outstanding at such time, payment of the accrued dividends on the Series G Preferred Stock shall be deferred
until no such shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock remain outstanding. The Company may pay accrued dividends on the
Series G Preferred Stock in cash or in shares of its common stock equal to the volume weighted average price of the common stock
as reported by the OTC QB Market for the ten (10) trading days immediately preceding the Series G’s first anniversary.
At
the election of the Company and upon required advanced notice, each share of Series G Preferred Stock will automatically be converted
into shares of common stock at the Conversion Ratio then in effect: (i) if, after 6 months from the original issuance date of
the Series G Preferred Stock, the common stock trades on the OTC QB Market (or other primary trading market or exchange on which
the common stock is then traded) at a price equal to at least $0.75, for 7 out of 10 consecutive trading days with average daily
trading volume of at least 10,000 shares, (ii) on or after the first anniversary of the original issuance date of the Series G
Preferred Stock or (iii) upon completion of a firm-commitment underwritten registered public offering by the Company at a per
share price equal to at least $0.75, with aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of not less than $2.5 million. Unless waived
under certain circumstances by the holder of the Series G Preferred Stock, such holder’s Series G Preferred Stock may not
be converted if upon such conversion the holder’s beneficial ownership would exceed certain thresholds.
The
holders of Series G Preferred Stock are not entitled to vote on any matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their
action or consideration at any meeting of stockholders of the Company (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu of meeting),
except as required by law.
Series
G Warrants
The
Series G Warrants issued in the Series G Private Placement had an exercise price equal to $0.50 per share and expired on July
6, 2015.
Series
H Convertible Preferred Stock
On
December 28, 2012 the Company amended the Articles of Incorporation to authorize 10,000 shares of Series H Convertible Preferred
Stock. On January 4, 2013, the Company reported that it had entered into a securities purchase and exchange agreement with an
investor, pursuant to which the Company agreed to exchange 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01
per share of common stock held by the investor for an aggregate of 10,000 shares of a newly created series of preferred stock,
designated Series H Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “
Series H Preferred Stock
”)
in a non-cash transaction. The investor originally purchased the common stock from the Company for $0.8025 per share. The exchange
ratio was 100 shares of common stock per share of Series H Preferred Stock at a stated conversion price of $0.8025 per share.
Series
H2 Convertible Preferred Stock
On
December 23, 2014 the Company amended the Articles of Incorporation to authorize 21 shares of Series H2 Convertible Preferred
Stock. On December 23, 2014, the Company reported that it had entered into a securities purchase and exchange agreement with an
investor, pursuant to which the Company agreed to exchange 2,100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01
per share of common stock held by the investor for an aggregate of 21 shares of a newly created series of preferred stock, designated
Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “
Series H2 Preferred Stock
”) in a non-cash
transaction. The investor originally acquired the common stock from the Company for $0.25 per share in the warrant reset transaction
on December 23, 2014. The exchange ratio was 100,000 shares of common stock per share of Series H2 Preferred Stock at a stated
conversion price of $0.25 per share.
Series
J Convertible Preferred Stock
On
February 6, March 28 and May 20, 2013, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase with various individuals pursuant to which
the Company sold an aggregate of 5,087.5 units for a purchase price of $400.00 per unit (the “Purchase Price”), or
an aggregate Purchase Price of $2,034,700. Each unit purchased in the initial tranche consists of (i) one share of a newly created
series of preferred stock, designated Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series J Convertible
Preferred Stock”), convertible into 1,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share and (ii)
a warrant to purchase 1,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to $0.40 per share. The warrants expire three years
from the issuance date.
From
the date of issuance of any shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock and until the earlier of the first anniversary of such
date, the voluntary conversion of any shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, or the date of any mandatory conversion
(solely under the Company’s control based upon certain triggering events) of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, dividends
will accrue on each share of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock at an annual rate of (i) four percent (4%) of the Purchase Price
on those shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock purchased from the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement
by an individual purchaser who purchased from the Company shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock with an aggregate Purchase
Price of less than $250,000, and (ii) six percent (6%) of the Purchase Price on those shares of Series J Convertible Preferred
Stock purchased from the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement by an individual purchaser who purchased shares
of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock with an aggregate purchase price of at least $250,000. Dividends accruing on the Series
J Convertible Preferred Stock shall accrue from day to day until the earlier of the first anniversary of the date of issuance
of such shares of Series J Convertible Stock, the voluntary conversion of any shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock,
or the date of any mandatory conversion of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, and shall be paid, as applicable, within
fifteen (15) days of the first anniversary of the original issue date of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, within five
(5) days of the voluntary conversion of shares of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, or within five (5) days of the mandatory
conversion of shares of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock. The Company may pay accrued dividends on the Series J Convertible
Preferred Stock in cash or, in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company, in shares of its common stock in
accordance with a specified formula.
Each
share of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into 1,000 shares of common stock at the option of the holder on
or after the six-month anniversary of the issuance of such share, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations
and similar transactions (the “Conversion Ratio”). Unless waived under certain circumstances by the holder of Series
J Convertible Preferred Stock, such holder’s shares of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock may not be converted if upon
such conversion the holder’s beneficial ownership would exceed certain thresholds.
At
the election of the Company and upon required advance notice, each share of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock will automatically
be converted into shares of common stock at the Conversion Ratio then in effect: (i) on or after the six-month anniversary of
the original issuance date of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, the common stock trades on the OTC QB Market (or other
primary trading market or exchange on which the common stock is then traded) at a price per share equal to at least $0.80 for
7 out of 10 consecutive trading days with average daily trading volume of at least 50,000 shares, (ii) on the first anniversary
of the original issuance date of the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock or (iii) within three days of the completion of a firm-commitment
underwritten registered public offering by the Company at a per share price equal to at least $0.80, with aggregate gross proceeds
to the Company of not less than $2.5 million. Unless waived under certain circumstances by the holder of the Series J Convertible
Preferred Stock, such holder’s Series J Convertible Preferred Stock may not be converted if upon such conversion the holder’s
beneficial ownership would exceed certain thresholds.
The
holders of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock are not entitled to vote on any matters presented to the stockholders of the Company
for their action or consideration at any meeting of stockholders of the Company (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu
of meeting), except as required by law.
Series
J Warrants
The
Warrants issued in the Private Placement have an exercise price equal to $0.40 per share, with a term expiring three years from
the issuance date. The Warrants also permit the holder to conduct a “cashless exercise” at any time the holder of
the Warrant is an affiliate of the Company. The exercise price and/or number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants
will be subject to adjustment for stock dividends, stock splits or similar capital reorganizations, as set forth in the Warrant
agreement.
Subject
to the terms and conditions of the Warrants, at any time commencing six months from the closing date of the sale of Units under
the Securities Purchase Agreement the Company has the right to call the Warrants for cancellation if the volume weighted average
price of its common stock on the OTC QB Market (or other primary trading market or exchange on which the common stock is then
traded) equals or exceeds three times the per share exercise price of the Warrants for either (i) 10 consecutive trading days
or (ii) 15 out of 25 consecutive trading days.
Registration
Rights Agreement
In
connection with the Private Placement, the Company has agreed that, if, at any time after February 1, 2014, the Company files
a Registration Statement relating to an offering of equity securities of the Company (the “Registration Statement”),
subject to certain exceptions, including a Registration Statement relating solely to an offering or sale of securities having
an aggregate public offering price of less than $5,000,000, the Company shall include in the Registration Statement the resale
of the shares of common stock underlying the Warrants. Shares of common stock issued upon conversion of Series J Convertible Preferred
Stock or in payment of the dividend on the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock will not be registered and will not be subject
to registration rights. This right is subject to customary conditions and procedures.
Series
K Convertible Preferred Stock
On
December 12, 2013, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase with various individuals pursuant to which the Company sold
an aggregate of 4,000 units for a purchase price of $250.00 per unit (the “Purchase Price”), for an aggregate Purchase
Price of $1,000,000. Each unit purchased in the initial tranche consists of (i) one share of a newly created series of preferred
stock, designated Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series K Convertible Preferred Stock”),
convertible into 1,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) a warrant to purchase 500
shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to $0.3125 per share. The warrants expire three years from the issuance date.
Of the $1,000,000 invested in the Private Placement, $572,044 was received in cash and $427,956 was from the conversion of outstanding
indebtedness and interest. The Company incurred $43,334 of fees in conjunction with this private placement. The purchasers in
the initial tranche of the private placement consisted of certain existing and new investors in the Company as well as all of
the members of the Company’s Board of Directors.
From
the date of issuance of any shares of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock and until the earlier of the first anniversary of such
date, the voluntary conversion of any shares of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, or the date of any mandatory conversion
(solely under the Company’s control based upon certain triggering events) of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, dividends
will accrue on each share of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock at an annual rate of (i) four percent (4%) of the Purchase Price
on those shares of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock purchased from the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement
by an individual purchaser who purchased from the Company shares of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock with an aggregate Purchase
Price of less than $100,000, and (ii) six percent (6%) of the Purchase Price on those shares of Series K Convertible Preferred
Stock purchased from the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement by an individual purchaser who purchased shares
of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock with an aggregate purchase price of at least $100,000. Dividends accruing on the Series
K Convertible Preferred Stock shall accrue from day to day until the earlier of the first anniversary of the date of issuance
of such shares of Series K Convertible Stock, the voluntary conversion of any shares of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock,
or the date of any mandatory conversion of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, and shall be paid, as applicable, within
fifteen (15) days of the first anniversary of the original issue date of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, within five
(5) days of the voluntary conversion of shares of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, or within five (5) days of the mandatory
conversion of shares of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock. The Company may pay accrued dividends on the Series K Convertible
Preferred Stock in cash or, in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company, in shares of its common stock in
accordance with a specified formula.
Each
share of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into 1,000 shares of common stock at the option of the holder on
or after the six-month anniversary of the issuance of such share, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations
and similar transactions (the “Conversion Ratio”). Unless waived under certain circumstances by the holder of Series
K Convertible Preferred Stock, such holder’s shares of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock may not be converted if upon
such conversion the holder’s beneficial ownership would exceed certain thresholds.
At
the election of the Company and upon required advance notice, each share of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock will automatically
be converted into shares of common stock at the Conversion Ratio then in effect: (i) on or after the six-month anniversary of
the original issuance date of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, the common stock trades on the OTC QB Market (or other
primary trading market or exchange on which the common stock is then traded) at a price per share equal to at least $0.80 for
7 out of 10 consecutive trading days with average daily trading volume of at least 50,000 shares, (ii) on the first anniversary
of the original issuance date of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock or (iii) within three days of the completion of a firm-commitment
underwritten registered public offering by the Company at a per share price equal to at least $0.80, with aggregate gross proceeds
to the Company of not less than $2.5 million. Unless waived under certain circumstances by the holder of the Series K Convertible
Preferred Stock, such holder’s Series K Convertible Preferred Stock may not be converted if upon such conversion the holder’s
beneficial ownership would exceed certain thresholds.
The
proceeds from the sale of each Series K Unit were allocated between the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock and the Series K
Warrants based on the relative fair value method. The estimated fair value of the Series K Warrants was determined using a Black-Scholes
formula, resulting in an allocation of the gross proceeds of $271,422 to the total warrants issued. The allocation of the gross
proceeds to the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock was $685,245, net of $43,334 in fees. In accordance with the provisions of
ASC 470-20, an additional adjustment in the aggregate between Additional Paid in Capital and Accumulated Deficit of $1,495,415
was recorded for all tranches of Series K to reflect an implicit, deemed non-cash dividend related to the allocation of proceeds
between the stock and warrants issued. The $1,495,415 represents the aggregate value of the adjustment to additional paid in capital
related to the beneficial conversion feature of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock. The value adjustment was calculated
by subtracting the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the closing dates issuable upon conversion of the Series
K Convertible Preferred Stock from the fair market value of the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock as determined when the Company
performed a fair market value allocation of the proceeds to the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants.
On
January 29, 2014, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with various accredited investors, pursuant to which
the Company sold an aggregate of 4,875 units for a purchase price of $250.00 per unit or an aggregate Purchase Price of $1,218,750.
This was the second tranche of a $1.5 million private placement previously disclosed by the Company in its Current Report on Form
8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein. The Purchasers
in the second tranche of the Private Placement consisted of certain existing and new investors in the Company, as well as all
of the members of the Company’s board of directors.
Each
unit purchased in the second tranche consists of (i) one share of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share,
convertible into 1,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) a warrant to purchase 500
shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to $0.3125 per share, with a term expiring on January 29, 2017.
On
February 28, 2014, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with various accredited investors, pursuant to which
the Company sold an aggregate of 1,854 units for a purchase price of $340.00 per unit or an aggregate Purchase Price of $630,360.
This was the third tranche of a $1.5 million private placement previously disclosed by the Company in its Current Report on Form
8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein. The Purchasers
in the third tranche of the Private Placement consisted of certain existing and new investors in the Company.
Each
unit purchased in the third tranche consists of (i) one share of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share
convertible into 1,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) a warrant to purchase 500
shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to $0.425 per share, with a term expiring on February 28, 2017.
On
June 30, 2014, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with various accredited investors, pursuant to which the
Company sold an aggregate of 734 units for a purchase price of $300.00 per unit or an aggregate Purchase Price of $220,000. This
was the fourth tranche of a $1.5 million private placement previously disclosed by the Company in its Current Report on Form 8-K
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein. The Purchasers
in the fourth tranche of the Private Placement consisted of certain existing and new investors in the Company.
Each
unit purchased in the fourth tranche consists of (i) one share of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share
convertible into 1,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) a warrant to purchase 500
shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to $0.375 per share, with a term expiring on June 30, 2017.
On
November 12, 2014, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with various accredited investors, pursuant to which
the Company sold an aggregate of 1,052 units for a purchase price of $250.00 per unit or an aggregate Purchase Price of $263,000.
This was the fifth tranche of a $1.5 million private placement previously disclosed by the Company in its Current Report on Form
8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein. The Purchasers
in the fourth tranche of the Private Placement consisted of certain existing and new investors in the Company.
Each
unit purchased in the fifth tranche consists of (i) one share of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share
convertible into 1,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) a warrant to purchase 500
shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to $0.3125 per share, with a term expiring on November 12, 2017.
The
Private Placement was originally expected to raise $1.5 million and close on or before January 31, 2014. On January 29, 2014,
the Company’s Board of Directors voted to increase the subscription amount of the Private Placement by $718,750. The Board
of Directors also voted to extend the Private Placement until February 28, 2014. On February 28, 2014 the Company’s Board
of Directors voted to increase the subscription amount once again to a total of $3.5 million and extended the closing to April
4, 2014. On April 13, 2014 the Company’s Board of Directors voted to increase the subscription amount by $1 million, to
a total of $4.5 million, and extended the closing to May 31, 2014. On July 7, 2014 the Company’s Board of Directors voted
to extend the closing to August 15, 2014. Together with the initial tranche of $1,000,000 that closed on December 12, 2013, the
second tranche of $1,218,750 that closed January 29, 2014, the third tranche of $630,360 that closed February 28, 2014, the fourth
tranche of $220,000 that closed June 30, 2014, and the fifth tranche of $263,000 that closed November 12, 2014,the total consideration
received by the Company in the Private Placement is $3,332,110, which is comprised of $2,511,404 in cash and $820,706 from the
conversion of outstanding indebtedness and Board of Director fees. The placement was closed after the November 12, 2014 round.
On
September 22, 2014 the Company issued 64,000 shares of common stock for the conversion of 64 shares of Series K Preferred Convertible
Stock.
In
connection with the Series K Warrants, we calculated the fair value of the warrants received as described above using the Black-
Scholes formula with the below assumptions:
Assumptions
|
|
Series
K
Warrants
December 12, 2013
|
|
|
Series
K
Warrants
January 29, 2014
|
|
|
Series
K
Warrants
February 28, 2014
|
|
|
Series
K
Warrants
June 30, 2014
|
|
|
Series
K
Warrants
November 12, 2014
|
|
Contractual
life (in months)
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
136.1
|
|
|
|
152.4
|
|
|
|
152.7
|
|
|
|
153.9
|
|
|
|
153.9
|
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
0.39
|
%
|
|
|
0.39
|
%
|
|
|
0.39
|
%
|
|
|
0.90
|
%
|
|
|
0.90
|
%
|
Exercise
price
|
|
$
|
0.3125
|
|
|
$
|
0.3125
|
|
|
$
|
0.425
|
|
|
$
|
0.375
|
|
|
$
|
0.3125
|
|
Fair
value per warrant
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
|
$
|
0.37
|
|
|
$
|
0.29
|
|
|
$
|
0.23
|
|
The
holders of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock are not entitled to vote on any matters presented to the stockholders of the Company
for their action or consideration at any meeting of stockholders of the Company (or by written consent of stockholders in lieu
of meeting), except as required by law. The Company accrued dividends of $23,194 and $143,771 for 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Series
K Warrants
The
warrants issued in the Private Placement have an exercise price equal to $0.3125 per share, for the December 12, 2013 and January
29, 2014 warrants, $0.425 per share for the February 28, 2014 warrants, $0.375 per share for the June 30, 2014 warrants and $0.3125
per share for the November 12, 2014 warrants, with a term expiring three years from the issuance date. The warrants also permit
the holder to conduct a “cashless exercise” at any time the holder of the warrant is an affiliate of the Company.
The exercise price and/or number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants will be subject to adjustment for stock dividends,
stock splits or similar capital reorganizations, as set forth in the warrant agreement.
Subject
to the terms and conditions of the warrants, at any time commencing six months from the closing date of the sale of Units under
the Securities Purchase Agreement the Company has the right to call the warrants for cancellation if the volume weighted average
price of its common stock on the OTC QB Market (or other primary trading market or exchange on which the common stock is then
traded) equals or exceeds three times the per share exercise price of the warrants for either (i) 10 consecutive trading days
or (ii) 15 out of 25 consecutive trading days.
Registration
Rights Agreement
In
connection with the Private Placement, the Company has agreed that, if, at any time after February 1, 2014, the Company files
a Registration Statement relating to an offering of equity securities of the Company (the “Registration Statement”),
subject to certain exceptions, including a Registration Statement relating solely to an offering or sale of securities having
an aggregate public offering price of less than $5,000,000, the Company shall include in the Registration Statement the resale
of the shares of common stock underlying the warrants. Shares of common stock issued upon conversion of Series K Convertible Preferred
Stock or in payment of the dividend on the Series K Convertible Preferred Stock will not be registered and will not be subject
to registration rights. This right is subject to customary conditions and procedures.
Common
Stock
Stock
Options and Warrants
Our
stockholders approved our amended 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “
2005 Plan
”) pursuant to which an aggregate
of 1,800,000 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options or other equity awards made
under the 2005 Plan. Under the 2005 Plan, we may award stock options, shares of common stock, and other equity interests in the
Company to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors, and to any other persons the Board of Directors deems appropriate.
As of December 31, 2015, options to acquire 1,395,750 shares were outstanding under the 2005 Plan with 344,250 shares available
for future grant under the Plan.
On
December 12, 2013 at the Company’s special meeting the shareholders approved the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “
2013
Plan
”) pursuant to which 3,000,000 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options
or other equity awards under the 2013 Plan. Under the Plan, we may award stock options, shares of common stock, and other equity
interests in the Company to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors, and to any other persons the Board of Directors
deems appropriate. As of December 31, 2015, options to acquire 2,107,500 shares were outstanding under the Plan with 892,500 shares
available for future grant under the 2013 Plan.
On
November 29, 2015 the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2015 Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (the “
2015 Plan
”)
pursuant to which 5,000,000 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance upon exercise of non-qualified stock options
under the 2015 Plan. Under the Plan, we may award non-qualified stock options in the Company to employees, officers, directors,
consultants, and advisors, and to any other persons the Board of Directors deems appropriate. As of December 31, 2015, non-qualified
options to acquire 2,068,000 shares were outstanding under the Plan with 2,932,000 shares available for future grants under the
2015 Plan.
All
of the outstanding non-qualified options had an exercise price that was at or above the Company’s common stock share price
on December 31, 2015.
The
following tables summarize information concerning options and warrants outstanding and exercisable:
|
|
Stock
Options
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Weighted
Average price per share
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Weighted
Average price per share
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Exercisable
|
|
Balance
outstanding, January 1, 2014
|
|
|
1,771,708
|
|
|
$
|
0.71
|
|
|
|
15,012,327
|
|
|
$
|
0.57
|
|
|
|
16,784,035
|
|
|
|
16,611,528
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
1,675,500
|
|
|
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
8,903,000
|
|
|
|
0.38
|
|
|
|
10,578,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(4,208,658
|
)
|
|
|
0.25
|
|
|
|
(4,208,658
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(10,000
|
)
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
(524,468
|
)
|
|
|
0.74
|
|
|
|
(534,468
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(30,958
|
)
|
|
|
0.71
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(30,958
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
outstanding, December 31, 2014
|
|
|
3,406,250
|
|
|
$
|
0.51
|
|
|
|
19,182,201
|
|
|
$
|
0.49
|
|
|
|
22,588,451
|
|
|
|
20,858,111
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
10,837,141
|
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
13,401,426
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(205,000
|
)
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
(791,678
|
)
|
|
|
0.31
|
|
|
|
(996,678
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(130,000
|
)
|
|
|
0.70
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(130,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
outstanding, December 31, 2015
|
|
|
5,571,250
|
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
|
|
|
29,227,664
|
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
|
|
|
34,863,199
|
|
|
|
31,664,469
|
|
The
weighted average fair value of options issued on their grant dates was $0.27 for the year ended December 31, 2015.
|
|
Options
Outstanding
|
|
|
Options
Exercisable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
Range
of Exercise Prices
|
|
Number
of Options
|
|
|
Remaining
Contractual Life (Years)
|
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
|
Number
of Options
|
|
|
Remaining
Contractual Life (Years)
|
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
$0.30
- $0.39
|
|
|
1,675,500
|
|
|
|
8.7
|
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
986,612
|
|
|
|
8.7
|
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
0.40
- 0.49
|
|
|
2,811,000
|
|
|
|
9.7
|
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
311,000
|
|
|
|
7.4
|
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
0.50
- 0.59
|
|
|
226,250
|
|
|
|
6.6
|
|
|
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
226,250
|
|
|
|
6.6
|
|
|
|
0.50
|
|
0.60
- 0.69
|
|
|
402,500
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
392,658
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
0.60
|
|
0.70
- 1.25
|
|
|
456,000
|
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
456,000
|
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
$0.30
- $1.25
|
|
|
5,571,250
|
|
|
|
8.3
|
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
|
|
|
2,372,520
|
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
|
$
|
0.52
|
|
There
was $740,117 of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock options granted
as of December 31, 2015. This cost is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.45 years, and will be adjusted for any future
changes in estimated forfeitures.
The
Series D Warrants issued in connection with the registered direct offering of Series D Convertible Preferred are measured at fair
value and liability-classified because the Series D Warrants contain “down-round protection” and therefore, do not
meet the scope exception for treatment as a derivative under ASC 815,
Derivatives and Hedging
, (“ASC 815”).
Since “down-round protection” is not an input into the calculation of the fair value of the warrants, the warrants
cannot be considered indexed to the Company’s own stock which is a requirement for the scope exception as outlined under
ASC 815. The estimated fair value of the warrants was determined using the binomial model, resulting in an allocation of the gross
proceeds $283,725 to the warrants issued in the Series D registered direct offering. The fair value will be affected by changes
in inputs to that model including our stock price, expected stock price volatility, the contractual term, and the risk-free interest
rate. We will continue to classify the fair value of the warrants as a liability until the warrants are exercised, expire or are
amended in a way that would no longer require these warrants to be classified as a liability, whichever comes first. The down-round
protection for the Series D Warrants survives for the life of the Series D Warrants, which ends in May 2017. During the year ended
December 31, 2014 a total of 596,658 warrants were exercised at an exercise price of $0.25 resulting in net proceeds to the Company
of $149,165.
In
connection with the senior secured convertible debentures issued in our still open private placement with closings in 2015, we
issued warrants to the lenders to purchase an aggregate 8,767,857 shares of the Common Stock, at an exercise price of $0.40 per
share, expiring five years after the issuance date. We also issued warrants to the placement agent to purchase an aggregate 1,689,286
shares of the Common Stock, at an exercise price of $0.40 per share, expiring five years after the issuance date.
We
extended the expiration dates to two more years on certain warrants related to bridge loans. These warrants were originally issued
with a three year expiration. The incremental value for the warrant extension was $69,627 which was recognized as interest expense.
We
recorded expense of $93,488 in 2015 relating to warrants issued in 2014 for services that were performed.
Common
Stock Issuances
With
respect to the convertible debenture for $223,000 signed by the Company on December 4, 2013, a lender, with the prior approval
of the Company, chose to convert a portion of the outstanding note balance into shares of the Company’s common stock, and
to extend the note for approximately 45 days after each conversion, as follows:
On
January 14, 2015 $25,000 was converted into 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
February 25, 2015 $38,000 was converted into 140,741 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
April 10, 2015 $35,000 was converted into 140,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
May 29, 2015 $35,000 was converted into 140,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
July 21, 2015 $20,000 was converted into 80,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
August 13, 2015 $40,000 was converted into 160,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
September 25, 2015 $30,000 was converted into 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
For
each extension, the Company paid a fee of $13,000, $13,000, $10,000, and $8,000, respectively. This note was paid off in its entirety
on November 5, 2015.
During
the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued 1,755,091 shares with a fair value of $457,030 for consulting and investor
relation services.
On
August 14, 2015, the Company closed a Securities Exchange Agreement with Everest Investments Holdings of Warsaw, Poland under
which Everest purchased 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s restricted Common Stock at a purchase price of $0.50/share. In
exchange, the Company received 601,500 shares of Everest Investments (“Everest”), a publicly-traded company on the
Main Market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The shares of Everest were valued at approximately $400,000 as of the closing date.
With
respect to the convertible debenture for $150,000 signed by the Company on June 4, 2014, a lender, with prior approval of the
Company, chose to convert a portion of the outstanding note balance into shares of the Company’s common stock, and to extend
the note for approximately 30 days after each conversion, as follows:
On
February 18, 2015 $25,000 was converted into 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
March 18, 2015 $22,500 was converted into 90,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
March 31, 2015 $27,500 was converted into 110,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
April 17, 2015 $30,000 was converted into 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
With
respect to the convertible debenture for $75,000 signed by the Company on November 10, 2014, a lender, upon the request of the
Company, on June 8, 2015 agreed to extend the conversion date of the note until July 20, 2015. The lender received 40,000 shares
of the Company’s common stock in exchange for the extension. The Company recorded $10,000 to interest expense for this transaction.
This note was paid off in its entirety on July 24, 2015.
On
various dates in December 2015, $58,919 of existing convertible debt and interest was converted into 235,676 shares of the Company’s
common stock.
(11)
Subsequent Events
Since
January 1, 2016, the Company received $1,419,667 in net proceeds from the sale of convertible debentures and $256,660 in net proceeds
from short- term promissory notes.
On
various dates from January to March 2016 the Company issued 205,000 shares of restricted common stock to investor relations firms
for services rendered.
On
January 12, 2016 SCIEX, a global leader in life science analytical technologies (Framingham, MA) and a wholly-owned subsidiary
of Danaher Corporation (NYSE: DHR), announced an exclusive co-marketing agreement with PBI to improve protein quantification in
complex samples.
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
41,939
|
|
|
$
|
116,783
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
589,682
|
|
|
|
113,256
|
|
Inventories, net of $50,000 reserve at September 30, 2016 and
December 31, 2015
|
|
|
1,008,138
|
|
|
|
1,038,371
|
|
Prepaid income taxes
|
|
|
7,405
|
|
|
|
7,381
|
|
Prepaid expenses
and other current assets
|
|
|
179,954
|
|
|
|
213,926
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
1,827,118
|
|
|
|
1,489,717
|
|
Investment in available-for-sale equity
securities
|
|
|
59,550
|
|
|
|
294,522
|
|
Property and
equipment, net
|
|
|
7,933
|
|
|
|
20,149
|
|
TOTAL ASSETS
|
|
$
|
1,894,601
|
|
|
$
|
1,804,388
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
532,214
|
|
|
$
|
941,389
|
|
Accrued employee compensation
|
|
|
185,909
|
|
|
|
176,009
|
|
Accrued professional fees and other
|
|
|
690,230
|
|
|
|
821,088
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
270,102
|
|
|
|
140,878
|
|
Convertible debt, net of unamortized
debt discounts of $1,891,206 at September 30, 2016 and $0 at December 31, 2015
|
|
|
2,664,334
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
Other debt, net of unamortized discounts
of $5,183 and $3,041, respectively
|
|
|
242,963
|
|
|
|
151,628
|
|
Warrant derivative liability
|
|
|
4,325,864
|
|
|
|
3,295,976
|
|
Conversion option
derivative liability
|
|
|
4,627,452
|
|
|
|
3,940,791
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
|
|
13,539,068
|
|
|
|
9,567,759
|
|
LONG TERM LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party convertible debt, net
of unamortized debt discounts of $199,436 and $0, respectively
|
|
|
91,568
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Convertible debt, net of unamortized
debt discounts of $2,076,658 and $5,223,658, respectively
|
|
|
986,843
|
|
|
|
177,342
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
36,935
|
|
|
|
36,935
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES
|
|
|
14,654,414
|
|
|
|
9,782,036
|
|
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note
5)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 850 shares authorized; 300 shares issued and outstanding on September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively
(Liquidation value of $300,000)
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Series G Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 240,000 shares authorized; 86,570 shares issued and outstanding on September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015,
respectively
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
|
866
|
|
Series H Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 10,000 shares authorized; 10,000 shares issued and outstanding on September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015,
respectively
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 21 shares authorized; 21 shares issued and outstanding on September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Series J Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 6,250 shares authorized; 3,521 and 3,546 shares issued and outstanding on September 30, 2016 and December
31, 2015, respectively
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
Series K Convertible Preferred Stock,
$.01 par value; 15,000 shares authorized; 6,816 and 11,416 shares issued and outstanding on September 30, 2016 and December
31, 2015, respectively
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
114
|
|
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000,000
shares authorized; 30,599,839 and 23,004,898 shares issued and outstanding on September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively
|
|
|
305,998
|
|
|
|
230,050
|
|
Warrants to acquire common stock
|
|
|
5,683,897
|
|
|
|
5,416,681
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
27,080,191
|
|
|
|
26,036,733
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
(339,997
|
)
|
|
|
(105,025
|
)
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(45,490,974
|
)
|
|
|
(39,557,206
|
)
|
Total
stockholders’ deficit
|
|
|
(12,759,813
|
)
|
|
|
(7,977,648
|
)
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
|
$
|
1,894,601
|
|
|
$
|
1,804,388
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
For
the Three Months
Ended
September
30,
|
|
|
For
the Nine Months
Ended
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Products, services, other
|
|
$
|
500,949
|
|
|
$
|
481,452
|
|
|
$
|
1,429,487
|
|
|
$
|
1,174,391
|
|
Grant revenue
|
|
|
34,385
|
|
|
|
98,882
|
|
|
|
127,289
|
|
|
|
259,181
|
|
Total
revenue
|
|
|
535,334
|
|
|
|
580,334
|
|
|
|
1,556,776
|
|
|
|
1,433,572
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs and expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of products and services
|
|
|
262,894
|
|
|
|
209,804
|
|
|
|
727,698
|
|
|
|
575,780
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
268,317
|
|
|
|
355,574
|
|
|
|
925,015
|
|
|
|
878,899
|
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
|
224,380
|
|
|
|
207,888
|
|
|
|
609,501
|
|
|
|
574,289
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
231,550
|
|
|
|
497,796
|
|
|
|
1,853,010
|
|
|
|
2,034,040
|
|
Total
operating costs and expenses
|
|
|
987,141
|
|
|
|
1,271,062
|
|
|
|
4,115,224
|
|
|
|
4,063,008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating loss
|
|
|
(451,807
|
)
|
|
|
(690,728
|
)
|
|
|
(2,558,448
|
)
|
|
|
(2,629,436
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (expense) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(1,116,328
|
)
|
|
|
(1,584,830
|
)
|
|
|
(2,961,708
|
)
|
|
|
(2,831,106
|
)
|
Other expense
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,112
|
)
|
|
|
(36,910
|
)
|
Gain on extinguishment of embedded derivative
liabilities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,180,251
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,028,324
|
|
Change in fair
value of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
623,128
|
|
|
|
437,379
|
|
|
|
(412,500
|
)
|
|
|
38,968
|
|
Total
other (expense) income
|
|
|
(493,400
|
)
|
|
|
32,800
|
|
|
|
(3,375,320
|
)
|
|
|
(800,724
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
(945,207
|
)
|
|
|
(657,928
|
)
|
|
|
(5,933,768
|
)
|
|
|
(3,430,160
|
)
|
Accrued dividends
on convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,711
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(21,768
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss applicable
to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
(945,207
|
)
|
|
|
(656,217
|
)
|
|
$
|
(5,933,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,451,928
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders – basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.23
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.17
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common stock shares
outstanding used in the basic and diluted net loss per share calculation
|
|
|
29,425,362
|
|
|
|
20,737,827
|
|
|
|
26,139,740
|
|
|
|
19,771,323
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
For
the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
For
the Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
Comprehensive Loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(945,207
|
)
|
|
$
|
(657,928
|
)
|
|
$
|
(5,933,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,430,160
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized loss
on marketable securities
|
|
|
(22,233
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(234,972
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive
loss
|
|
$
|
(967,440
|
)
|
|
$
|
(657,928
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6,168,740
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,430,160
|
)
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
For
the Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(5,933,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,430,160
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile
net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and
amortization
|
|
|
15,489
|
|
|
|
18,279
|
|
Accretion of interest
and amortization of debt discount
|
|
|
2,848,058
|
|
|
|
2,367,381
|
|
Penalty interest
added to debt principal
|
|
|
41,200
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Gain on settlement
of debt
|
|
|
(5,044
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
Stock-based compensation
expense
|
|
|
282,811
|
|
|
|
185,370
|
|
Amortization of third
party fees paid in common stock and warrants
|
|
|
332,700
|
|
|
|
173,538
|
|
Gain on extinguishment
of embedded derivative liabilities
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(2,028,324
|
)
|
Change in fair value
of derivative liabilities
|
|
|
412,500
|
|
|
|
(38,968
|
)
|
Changes in operating
assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
(476,426
|
)
|
|
|
(90,800
|
)
|
Inventories
|
|
|
30,233
|
|
|
|
41,709
|
|
Prepaid expenses
and other assets
|
|
|
33,948
|
|
|
|
123,808
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
(409,175
|
)
|
|
|
(200,969
|
)
|
Accrued employee
compensation
|
|
|
9,900
|
|
|
|
48,606
|
|
Deferred
revenue and other accrued expenses
|
|
|
80,058
|
|
|
|
150,581
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(2,737,516
|
)
|
|
|
(2,679,949
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases
of property plant and equipment
|
|
|
(3,273
|
)
|
|
|
(6,662
|
)
|
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(3,273
|
)
|
|
|
(6,662
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds from
related party convertible debt
|
|
|
96,667
|
|
|
|
6,300
|
|
Payments on related
party debt
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(12,300
|
)
|
Net proceeds from
convertible debt
|
|
|
2,102,382
|
|
|
|
3,991,437
|
|
Payments on convertible
debt
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(2,107,065
|
)
|
Net proceeds from
non-convertible debt
|
|
|
865,152
|
|
|
|
1,300,000
|
|
Payments on non-convertible
debt
|
|
|
(781,221
|
)
|
|
|
(537,641
|
)
|
Net proceeds from
the issuance of common stock
|
|
|
382,965
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Payment
of prepayment penalty
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(351,193
|
)
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
2,665,945
|
|
|
|
2,289,538
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET DECREASE IN CASH
|
|
|
(74,844
|
)
|
|
|
(397,073
|
)
|
CASH
AT BEGINNING OF YEAR
|
|
|
116,783
|
|
|
|
473,948
|
|
CASH AT END
OF PERIOD
|
|
$
|
41,939
|
|
|
$
|
76,875
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid in
cash
|
|
$
|
1,154
|
|
|
$
|
239,389
|
|
Income taxes paid
in cash
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
NON CASH TRANSACTIONS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible debt
exchanged for common stock
|
|
|
117,837
|
|
|
|
338,000
|
|
Cashless exercise of warrants
|
|
|
11,100
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Discount due to beneficial
conversion feature
|
|
|
20,721
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Discount due to warrants
issued with debt
|
|
|
39,755
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common stock issued
with debt
|
|
|
104,731
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Common stock issued
to settle non-convertible debt
|
|
|
41,200
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Conversion of preferred
stock into common stock
|
|
|
63,904
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Extension fees added
to principal
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
84,000
|
|
Issuance of common
stock for investment in available-for-sale equity securities
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
399,547
|
|
Accrued dividends
on preferred stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
21,768
|
|
Unrealized loss from
available-for-sale equity securities
|
|
|
234,972
|
|
|
|
76,687
|
|
Debt discount from
derivative liability
|
|
|
1,304,049
|
|
|
|
5,085,536
|
|
Prepayment penalty
and accrued interest enrolled into debt principal
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
48,950
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
PRESSURE
BIOSCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES
TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
(UNAUDITED)
|
1)
|
Business
Overview, Liquidity and Management Plans
|
Pressure
BioSciences, Inc. (“we”, “our”, “the Company”) is focused on solving the challenging problems
inherent in biological sample preparation, a crucial laboratory step performed by scientists worldwide working in biological life
sciences research. Sample preparation is a term that refers to a wide range of activities that precede most forms of scientific
analysis. Sample preparation is often complex, time-consuming and, in our belief, one of the most error-prone steps of scientific
research. It is a widely-used laboratory undertaking – the requirements of which drive what we believe is a large and growing
worldwide market. We have developed and patented a novel, enabling technology platform that can control the sample preparation
process. It is based on harnessing the unique properties of high hydrostatic pressure. This process, called pressure cycling technology,
or PCT, uses alternating cycles of hydrostatic pressure between ambient and ultra-high levels i.e., 35,000 pounds per square inch
(“
psi
”) or greater to safely, conveniently and reproducibly control the actions of molecules in biological
samples, such as cells and tissues from human, animal, plant and microbial sources.
Our
pressure cycling technology uses internally developed instrumentation that is capable of cycling pressure between ambient and
ultra-high levels at controlled temperatures and specific time intervals, to rapidly and repeatedly control the interactions of
bio-molecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (“
DNA
”), ribonucleic acid (“
RNA
”), proteins,
lipids and small molecules. Our laboratory instrument, the Barocycler®
®
, and our internally developed consumables
product line, which include our Pressure Used to Lyse Samples for Extraction (“
PULSE®
”) tubes, and other
processing tubes, and application specific kits such as consumable products and reagents, together make up our PCT Sample Preparation
System (“
PCT SPS
”).
In
2015, together with an investment bank, we formed a subsidiary called Pressure BioSciences Europe (“PBI Europe”) in
Poland. We have 49% ownership interest with the investment bank retaining 51%. As of now, PBI Europe does not have any operating
activities but is expected to commence operations in 2017. Therefore, we don’t have control of the subsidiary and did not
consolidate in our financial statements.
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates
the realization of assets and the liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, we have experienced negative
cash flows from operations with respect to our pressure cycling technology business since our inception. As of September 30, 2016,
we do not have adequate working capital resources to satisfy our current liabilities and as a result, there is substantial doubt
regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. We have been successful in raising cash through debt and equity offerings
in the past and as described in Note 6, we completed an over-subscribed $5.0 million debt financing on March 31, 2016 with a total
amount raised of $6.3 million. We have financing efforts in place to continue to raise cash through debt and equity offerings.
Management
has developed a plan to continue operations. This plan includes obtaining equity or debt financing. During the nine months ended
September 30, 2016 we received $3,447,166 net proceeds, in additional convertible, non-convertible debt and shares of common stock.
Although we have successfully completed financings and reduced expenses in the past, we cannot assure you that our plans to address
these matters in the future will be successful.
We
need substantial additional capital to fund normal operations in future periods. In the event that we are unable to obtain financing
on acceptable terms, or at all, we will likely be required to cease our operations, pursue a plan to sell our operating assets,
or otherwise modify our business strategy, which could materially harm our future business prospects. These financial statements
do not include any adjustments that might result from this uncertainty.
|
3)
|
Interim
Financial Reporting
|
The
accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015, which was derived from audited financial
statements, and the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Pressure BioSciences, Inc. have been prepared
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“generally accepted accounting
principles” or “GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information
and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management,
all material adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been
included. Operating results for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the
results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2016. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated
financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Form 10-K”)
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 5, 2016.
|
4)
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
|
Principles
of Consolidation
The
condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pressure BioSciences, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiary
PBI BioSeq, Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassifications
Certain
amounts in the 2015 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation.
Use
of Estimates
To
prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America, we are required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In addition, significant estimates were made in projecting future cash flows
to quantify deferred tax assets, the costs associated with fulfilling our warranty obligations for the instruments that we sell,
and the estimates employed in our calculation of fair value of stock options awarded and warrant derivative liability. We base
our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily
apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.
Concentrations
Credit
Risk
Our
financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents,
and trade receivables. We have cash investment policies which, among other things, limit investments to investment-grade securities.
We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, and the risk with respect to trade receivables is further mitigated by
the fact that many of our customers are government institutions, large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and academic
laboratories.
The
following table illustrates the level of concentration as a percentage of total revenues during the three months and nine months
ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
Top Five Customers
|
|
|
60
|
%
|
|
|
43
|
%
|
Federal Agencies
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
For the Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
Top Five Customers
|
|
|
31
|
%
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
Federal Agencies
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
14
|
%
|
The
following table illustrates the level of concentration as a percentage of net accounts receivable balance as of September 30,
2016 and December 31, 2015:
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
|
December,
31, 2015
|
|
Top Five Customers
|
|
|
55
|
%
|
|
|
93
|
%
|
Federal Agencies
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
Product
Supply
A
Massachusetts-based contract manufacturer started building the new NEP2320 Extreme Barocycler® instrument in May 2016. We
plan to have this manufacturer build all instruments in the future.
Investment
in Available-For-Sale Equity Securities
As
of September 30, 2016, we held 601,500 shares of common stock of Everest Investments Holdings S.A. (“Everest”), a
Polish publicly traded company listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. We account for this investment in accordance with ASC 320
“Investments — Debt and Equity Securities”
as securities available for sale. On September 30, 2016, our
condensed consolidated balance sheet reflected the fair value of our investment in Everest to be $59,550, based on the closing
price of Everest shares of $0.10 per share on that day. The carrying value of our investment in Everest common stock held will
change from period to period based on the closing price of the common stock of Everest as of the balance sheet date. This change
in market value will be recorded by us on a quarterly basis as an unrealized gain or loss in Comprehensive Income or Loss.
Inventories
Inventories
are valued at the lower of cost (average cost) or market (sales price). The cost of Barocycler®s consists of the cost charged
by the contract manufacturer. The cost of manufactured goods includes material, freight-in, direct labor, and applicable overhead.
The composition of inventory is as follows:
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
Raw materials
|
|
$
|
491,254
|
|
|
$
|
310,367
|
|
Finished goods
|
|
|
566,884
|
|
|
|
778,004
|
|
Inventory Reserve
|
|
|
(50,000
|
)
|
|
|
(50,000
|
)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,008,138
|
|
|
$
|
1,038,371
|
|
Debt
Issuance Costs
In
April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
No. 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 requires
that debt issuance costs be presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, consistent
with the presentation of debt discounts. Prior to the issuance of ASU 2015-03, debt issuance costs were required to be presented
as deferred charge assets, separate from the related debt liability. ASU 2015-03 does not change the recognition and measurement
requirements for debt issuance costs. The Company early-adopted ASU 2015-03 as of the end of its Fiscal 2015, and applied its
provisions retrospectively.
Computation
of Loss per Share
Basic
loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding plus additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been
issued. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, common stock dividends, and warrants and options to acquire
common stock, are all considered common stock equivalents in periods in which they have a dilutive effect and are excluded from
this calculation in periods in which these are anti-dilutive to our net loss.
The
following table illustrates our computation of loss per share for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and
2015:
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
For the Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
$
|
(945,207
|
)
|
|
$
|
(657,928
|
)
|
|
$
|
(5,933,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,430,160
|
)
|
Preferred
dividends accrued
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,711
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(21,768
|
)
|
Net loss applicable
to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
(945,207
|
)
|
|
$
|
(656,217
|
)
|
|
$
|
(5,933,768
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,451,928
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator for basic and diluted loss
per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common stock shares
outstanding
|
|
|
29,425,362
|
|
|
|
20,737,827
|
|
|
|
26,139,740
|
|
|
|
19,771,323
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) per
common share – basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.23
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.17
|
)
|
The
following table presents securities that could potentially dilute basic loss per share in the future. For all periods presented,
the potentially dilutive securities were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because these securities would
have been anti-dilutive to our net loss. The Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, Series
H Convertible Preferred Stock, Series J Convertible Preferred Stock and Series K Convertible Preferred Stock are presented below
as if they were converted into common shares according to the conversion terms.
|
|
As
of September 30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
Stock options
|
|
|
5,269,250
|
|
|
|
3,201,250
|
|
Convertible debt
|
|
|
26,971,732
|
|
|
|
26,015,029
|
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
|
24,824,695
|
|
|
|
26,125,127
|
|
Convertible preferred stock:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series D Convertible
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
750,000
|
|
|
|
750,000
|
|
Series G Convertible
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
865,700
|
|
|
|
865,700
|
|
Series H Convertible
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
Series H2 Convertible
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
2,100,000
|
|
|
|
2,100,000
|
|
Series J Convertible
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
3,521,000
|
|
|
|
3,546,000
|
|
Series
K Convertible Preferred Stock
|
|
|
6,816,000
|
|
|
|
11,399,000
|
|
|
|
|
72,118,377
|
|
|
|
75,002,106
|
|
Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation Expense
We
maintain equity compensation plans under which incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options are granted to employees,
independent members of our Board of Directors and outside consultants. We recognize stock-based compensation expense over the
requisite service period using the Black-Scholes formula to estimate the fair value of the stock options on the date of grant.
Determining
Fair Value of Stock Option Grants
Valuation
and Amortization Method - The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing
model based on certain assumptions. The estimated fair value of employee stock options is amortized to expense using the straight-line
method over the vesting period.
Expected
Term - The Company uses the simplified calculation of expected life, as the Company does not currently have sufficient historical
exercise data on which to base an estimate of expected term. Using this method, the expected term is determined using the average
of the vesting period and the contractual life of the stock options granted.
Expected
Volatility - Expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock volatility data over the expected term of the
award.
Risk-Free
Interest Rate - The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes valuation method on the implied yield
currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.
Forfeitures
- The Company records stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. The Company estimated
a forfeiture rate of 5% for awards granted based on historical experience and future expectations of options vesting. The Company
used this historical rate as our assumption in calculating future stock-based compensation expense.
The
Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $90,500 and $74,864 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015,
respectively. The following table summarizes the effect of this stock-based compensation expense within each of the line items
of our costs and expenses within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
|
|
For
the Three Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
Research and development
|
|
$
|
14,735
|
|
|
$
|
18,307
|
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
|
9,911
|
|
|
|
13,310
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
65,854
|
|
|
|
43,247
|
|
Total stock-based
compensation expense
|
|
$
|
90,500
|
|
|
$
|
74,864
|
|
The
Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $282,811 and $185,370 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and
2015, respectively. The following table summarizes the effect of this stock-based compensation expense within each of the line
items of our costs and expenses within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
|
|
For
the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
Research and development
|
|
$
|
50,766
|
|
|
$
|
41,172
|
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
|
32,404
|
|
|
|
27,386
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
199,641
|
|
|
|
116,812
|
|
Total stock-based
compensation expense
|
|
$
|
282,811
|
|
|
$
|
185,370
|
|
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
Due
to their short maturities, the carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued
expenses approximate their fair value. Long-term liabilities are primarily related to convertible debentures and deferred revenue
with carrying values that approximate fair value.
Fair
Value Measurements
The
Company follows the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 820, “
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
” (“ASC 820”)
as it related to all financial assets and financial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial
statements on a recurring basis.
The
Company generally defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company uses a three-tier fair value
hierarchy, which classifies the inputs used in measuring fair values. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs
such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active
markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market
data exists, therefore requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.
Financial
assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value
measurement. The Company has determined that its financial assets are classified within Level 1 and its financial liabilities
are currently classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The development of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair
value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
The
following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring
basis as of September 30, 2016:
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
value measurements at September 30, 2016 using:
|
|
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
|
Quoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
|
|
|
Significant
other
observable
inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
Significant
unobservable
inputs (Level 3)
|
|
Available-For-Sale
Equity Securities
|
|
$
|
59,550
|
|
|
$
|
59,550
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Total Financial
Assets
|
|
$
|
59,550
|
|
|
$
|
59,550
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
|
Quoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
|
|
|
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
|
Significant
unobservable
inputs (Level 3)
|
|
Series D Preferred Stock
Purchase Warrants
|
|
$
|
189,884
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
189,884
|
|
Warrants Issued with Convertible Debt
|
|
|
4,135,980
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,135,980
|
|
Conversion Option
Derivative Liabilities
|
|
|
4,627,452
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,627,452
|
|
Total Derivatives
|
|
$
|
8,953,316
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
8,953,316
|
|
The
following table provides a summary of the changes in fair value, including net transfers in and/or out, of the derivative financial
instruments, measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs for the nine months ended September
30, 2016:
|
|
December
31,2015
|
|
|
Issuance
fair value
|
|
|
Change
in fair
value
|
|
|
Gain
on
extinguishment
of derivative
liabilities
|
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
Available-For-Sale
Equity Securities
|
|
$
|
294,522
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
(234,972
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
59,550
|
|
Total Financial
Assets
|
|
$
|
294,522
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(234,972
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
59,550
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
Issuance
fair value
|
|
|
Change
in
fair value
|
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
Series D Preferred Stock
Purchase Warrants
|
|
$
|
173,526
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
16,358
|
|
|
$
|
189,884
|
|
Convertible Debt Warrants
|
|
|
3,122,450
|
|
|
|
1,094,432
|
|
|
|
(80,902
|
)
|
|
|
4,135,980
|
|
Conversion Option
Liabilities
|
|
|
3,940,791
|
|
|
|
1,547,127
|
|
|
|
(860,466
|
)
|
|
|
4,627,452
|
|
Total Derivatives
|
|
$
|
7,236,767
|
|
|
$
|
2,641,559
|
|
|
$
|
(925,010
|
)
|
|
$
|
8,953,316
|
|
The
amounts above valued at issuance includes $1,337,510 that was charged directly to “change in fair value of derivative liabilities”
at issuance.
The
following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring
basis as of December 31, 2015:
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
value measurements at December 31, 2015 using:
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
Quoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
|
|
|
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level
2)
|
|
|
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Available-For-Sale
Equity Securities
|
|
$
|
294,522
|
|
|
$
|
294,522
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Total Financial
Assets
|
|
$
|
294,522
|
|
|
$
|
294,522
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
Quoted
prices in
active
markets
(Level 1)
|
|
|
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
|
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Series D Preferred Stock
Purchase Warrants
|
|
$
|
173,526
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
173,526
|
|
Warrants Issued with Convertible Debt
|
|
|
3,122,450
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,122,450
|
|
Conversion Option
Derivative Liabilities
|
|
|
3,940,791
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,940,791
|
|
Total Derivatives
|
|
$
|
7,236,767
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
7,236,767
|
|
The
assumptions for the binomial pricing model are represented in the table below for the warrants issued in the Series D private
placement reflected on a per share common stock equivalent basis.
Assumptions
|
|
November
10, 2011
|
|
|
Warrants
revalued at
December 31, 2015
|
|
|
Warrants
revalued at
September 30, 2016
|
|
Expected life (in months)
|
|
|
60.0
|
|
|
|
11.0
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
104.5
|
%
|
|
|
104.9
|
%
|
|
|
92.4
|
%
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
0.875
|
%
|
|
|
0.65
|
%
|
|
|
0.45
|
%
|
Exercise price
|
|
$
|
0.81
|
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
Fair value per warrant
|
|
$
|
0.54
|
|
|
$
|
0.16
|
|
|
$
|
0.18
|
|
The
assumptions for the binomial pricing model are represented in the table below for the warrants issued with the Convertible Debt
throughout the period reflected on a per share common stock equivalent basis.
Assumptions
|
|
At
Issuance
Fair value
|
|
Warrants
revalued at December 31, 2015
|
|
|
Warrants
revalued at September 30, 2016
|
|
Expected
life (in months)
|
|
|
36.0-60.0
|
|
|
55.0-60.0
|
|
|
|
46.0-54.0
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
114.3
- 138.3
|
%
|
|
136.3-141.6
|
%
|
|
|
116.2
-137.4
|
%
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
0.86-1.69
|
%
|
|
1.29-1.76
|
%
|
|
|
1.01
|
%
|
Exercise
price
|
|
$
|
00.40-$0.42
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
Fair
value per warrant
|
|
$
|
0.19-$0.40
|
|
|
0.30
|
|
|
$
|
0.30-$1.35
|
|
The
assumptions for the binomial pricing model are represented in the table below for the conversion options reflected on a per share
common stock equivalent basis.
Assumptions
|
|
At
Issuance
fair value
|
|
|
Conversion
options
revalued at
December 31, 2015
|
|
|
Conversion
options
revalued at
September 30, 2016
|
|
Expected
life (in months)
|
|
|
3-24
|
|
|
|
18-24
|
|
|
|
10-18
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
|
|
97.6-153.8
|
%
|
|
|
112.2-114.7
|
%
|
|
|
94.3%-96.6
|
%
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
|
|
0.37-0.99
|
%
|
|
|
1.06
|
%
|
|
|
0.59-0.77
|
%
|
Exercise
price
|
|
$
|
0.24-$0.45
|
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
Fair
value per conversion option
|
|
$
|
0.07-$0.30
|
|
|
$
|
0.14-$0.33
|
|
|
$
|
0.17-$0.21
|
|
|
5)
|
Commitments
and Contingencies
|
Operating
Leases
Our
corporate offices are currently located at 14 Norfolk Avenue, South Easton, Massachusetts 02375. We are currently paying $4,800
per month, on a lease extension, signed on December 29, 2015, that expires December 31, 2016, for our corporate office.
On
November 1, 2014 we signed a lease for lab space in Medford, MA. We subsequently expanded our space in Medford. The lease expires
December 30, 2017 and requires monthly payments of $5,385 subject to annual cost of living increases.
Rental
costs are expensed as incurred. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 we incurred $108,038 and $73,775 in rent
expense, respectively for the use of our corporate office and research and development facilities.
Government
Grants
We
have received a $1.05 million NIH SBIR Phase II Grant. Under the grant, the NIH has committed to pay the Company to develop a
high-throughput, high pressure-based DNA Shearing System for Next Generation Sequencing and other genomic applications. The grant
terminates in November 2017.
|
6)
|
Convertible
Debt and Other Debt
|
Senior
Secured Convertible Debentures and Warrants
We
entered into Subscription Agreements (the “
Subscription Agreement
”) with various individuals (each, a “
Purchaser
”)
between July 23, 2015 and March 31, 2016, pursuant to which the Company sold Senior Secured Convertible Debentures (the “
Debentures
”)
and warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 50% of the number of shares issuable pursuant to the subscription amount
(the “
Warrants
”) for an aggregate purchase price of $6,329,549 (the “
Purchase Price
”).
The
Company issued a principal aggregate amount of $6,962,504 in Debentures which includes a 10% original issue discount on the Purchase
Price. The Debenture does not accrue any additional interest during the first year it is outstanding but accrues interest at a
rate equal to 10% per annum for the second year it is outstanding. The Debenture has a maturity date of two years from issuance.
The Debenture is convertible any time after its issuance date. The Purchaser has the right to convert the Debenture into shares
of the Company’s common stock at a fixed conversion price equal to $0.28 per share, subject to applicable adjustments. In
the second year that the Debenture is outstanding, any interest accrued shall be payable quarterly in either cash or common stock,
at the Company’s discretion.
At
any time after the Issuance Date, the Company has the option, subject to certain conditions, to redeem some or all of the then
outstanding principal amount of the Debenture for cash in an amount equal to the sum of (i) 120% of the then outstanding principal
amount of the Debenture, (ii) accrued but unpaid interest and (iii) any liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of
the Debenture.
The
Company issued warrants exercisable into a total of 11,302,766 shares of our common stock. The Warrants issued in this transaction
are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $0.40 per share, subject to applicable adjustments including full ratchet
anti-dilution in the event that we issue any securities at a price lower than the exercise price then in effect. The Warrants
have an expiration period of five years from the original issue date. The Warrants are subject to adjustment for stock splits,
stock dividends or recapitalizations and also include anti-dilution price protection for subsequent equity sales below the exercise
price.
Subject
to the terms and conditions of the Warrants, at any time commencing six months from the Final Closing, the Company has the right
to call the Warrants for cancellation if the volume weighted average price of its Common Stock on the OTC QB Market (or other
primary trading market or exchange on which the Common Stock is then traded) equals or exceeds three times the per share exercise
price of the Warrants for 15 out of 20 consecutive trading days.
In
connection with the Subscription Agreement and Debenture, the Company entered into Security Agreements with the Purchasers whereby
the Company agreed to grant to Purchasers an unconditional and continuing, first priority security interest in all of the assets
and property of the Company to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of Company’s obligations
under the Debentures, Warrants and the other Transaction Documents.
The
Company determined that the conversion feature of the Debentures met the definition of a liability in accordance with ASC 815-40
and therefore bifurcated the conversion feature on each debt agreement and accounted for it as a derivative liability. The fair
value of the conversion feature was accounted for as a note discount and are amortized to interest expense over the life of the
loan. The fair value of the conversion feature was reflected in the conversion option liability line in the condensed consolidated
balance sheets.
The
proceeds from these convertible debts were allocated between the host debt instrument and the convertible option based on the
residual method. The estimated fair value of the convertible option was determined using a binomial formula, resulting in allocations
to the convertible option and accounted for as a liability in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. In accordance
with the provisions of ASC 815-40, the gross proceeds are offset by debt discounts, which are amortized to interest expense over
the expected life of the debt.
ASC
470-20 states that the proceeds from the issuance of debt with detachable stock warrants should be allocated between the debt
and warrants on the basis of their relative fair market values. The debt discount will be amortized to interest expense over the
two year term of these loans. We amortized $2,768,527 of the debt discount to interest expense in 2016. The warrants issued in
connection with the convertible debentures are classified as warrant derivative liabilities because the warrants are entitled
to certain rights in subsequent financings and the warrants contain “down-round protection” and therefore, do not
meet the scope exception for treatment as a derivative under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”). Since
“down-round protection” is not an input into the calculation of the fair value of the warrants, the warrants cannot
be considered indexed to the Company’s own stock which is a requirement for the scope exception as outlined under ASC 815.
The estimated fair value of the warrants was determined using the binomial model, resulting in an allocation of $2,847,624 to
the total warrants out of the gross proceeds of $6,329,549. The fair value will be affected by changes in inputs to that model
including our stock price, expected stock price volatility, the contractual term, and the risk-free interest rate. We will continue
to classify the fair value of the warrants as a liability until the warrants are exercised, expire or are amended in a way that
would no longer require these warrants to be classified as a liability, whichever comes first.
Other
convertible notes
On
May 13, 2016, one lender converted an outstanding note issued on April 28, 2015 and the related accrued interest totaling $117,837
to 420,849 common shares. As of September 30, 2016, the outstanding balance on the note was zero.
On
May 24, we sold an additional convertible note for $107,000 with warrants to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise
price of $0.55 per share. The purchaser has the right to convert the notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at
a fixed conversion price equal to $0.45 per share, subject to applicable adjustments. The estimated fair value of the warrants
was determined using the binomial model, resulting in an allocation of $12,406 to the total warrants and the recognition of a
beneficial conversion feature of $7,962, both of which were recorded as a discount to the note. We evaluated the convertible note
and warrants for derivative liability treatment and determined that these instruments do not include certain rights such as price
protection like our previous debt financings. Accordingly, we concluded that this financing arrangement did not qualify for derivative
accounting treatment.
On
June 14, 2016, we sold an additional convertible note for $115,000 and issued 30,667 common shares to compensate the lender. On
July 1, 2016, the note was modified to increase the principal amount to $200,000 and we received the remaining proceeds of $85,000
on the same date and issued 34,333 common shares as compensation to the lender. The lender has the right to convert the note into
shares of the Company’s common stock at fixed conversion price equal to $0.45 per share, subject to applicable adjustments.
We valued the total 65,000 common shares using the stock prices at the respective dates the note proceeds were received and recorded
the relative fair value of the shares amounting to $26,000 as a debt discount to be amortized over the term of the loan. We then
computed the effective conversion price of the note, noting that no beneficial conversion feature exists. We also evaluated the
convertible note for derivative liability treatment and determined that the instrument does not include certain rights such as
price protection like our previous debt financing. Accordingly, we concluded that this financing arrangement did not qualify for
derivative accounting treatment.
On
July 29, 2016, we sold an additional convertible note for $100,000 and issued 32,500 common shares to compensate the lender. The
lender has the right to convert the notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a fixed conversion price equal to
$0.45 per share, subject to applicable adjustments. The proceeds were allocated between the convertible note and shares of common
stock based on their relative fair values. The relative fair values of the convertible note and the common shares was $87,241
and $12,759, respectively. We then computed the effective conversion price of the note, noting that the convertible debt gave
rise to a beneficial conversion feature (BCF) of $12,759. The sum of the relative fair value of the common shares and the BCF
of $25,518 was recorded as a debt discount to be amortized over the term of the loan. We also evaluated the convertible note for
derivative liability treatment and determined that the instruments does not include certain rights such as price protection like
our previous debt financings. Accordingly, we concluded that this financing arrangements did not qualify for derivative accounting
treatment.
On
September 15, 2016, we sold an additional convertible note for $500,000 and issued 200,000 common shares to compensate the lender.
The lender has the right to convert the notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a fixed conversion price equal
to $0.45 per share, subject to applicable adjustments. The convertible note includes an original issue discount of $40,541 and
is subject to annual interest of 9%. The proceeds were allocated between the convertible note and shares of common stock based
on their relative fair values. The relative fair value of the convertible note was $434,028. The allocation of the gross proceeds
to the shares of common stock was $65,972 and recorded as a debt discount to be amortized over the term of the loan. We then computed
the effective conversion price of the note, noting that no beneficial conversion feature exists. We also evaluated the convertible
note for derivative liability treatment and determined that the instrument does not include certain rights such as price protection
like our previous debt financings. Accordingly, we concluded that this financing arrangement did not qualify for derivative accounting
treatment.
The
specific terms of the convertible debts and outstanding balances as of September 30, 2016 are listed in the table below.
Fixed
Rate Convertible Notes
Inception
Date
|
|
Term
|
|
Loan
Amount
|
|
|
Outstanding
Balance
|
|
|
Original
Issue
Discount
|
|
|
Interest
Rate
|
|
|
Deferred
Finance
Fees
|
|
|
Discount
related
to fair
value of
conversion
feature
and
warrants/shares
|
|
July
22
,
2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
$
|
2,180,000
|
|
|
$
|
2,180,000
|
|
|
$
|
218,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
$
|
388,532
|
|
|
$
|
2,163,074
|
|
September
25, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
|
|
110,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
185,956
|
|
|
|
1,022,052
|
|
October
2, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
15,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
26,345
|
|
|
|
140,832
|
|
October
6, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
3,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
5,168
|
|
|
|
26,721
|
|
October
14, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
8,954
|
|
|
|
49,377
|
|
November
2, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
250,000
|
|
|
|
25,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
43,079
|
|
|
|
222,723
|
|
November
10, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
8,790
|
|
|
|
46,984
|
|
November
12, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
215,000
|
|
|
|
215,000
|
|
|
|
21,500
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
38,518
|
|
|
|
212,399
|
|
November
20, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
37,185
|
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
December
4, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
170,000
|
|
|
|
170,000
|
|
|
|
17,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
37,352
|
|
|
|
170,000
|
|
December
11, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
360,000
|
|
|
|
360,000
|
|
|
|
36,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
75,449
|
|
|
|
360,000
|
|
December
18, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
|
|
5,500
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
11,714
|
|
|
|
55,000
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
20,634
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
January
11, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
24,966
|
|
|
|
80,034
|
|
January
20, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
9,812
|
|
|
|
40,188
|
|
January
29, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
60,887
|
|
|
|
239,113
|
|
February
26, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
20,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
43,952
|
|
|
|
156,048
|
|
March
10, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
125,000
|
|
|
|
125,000
|
|
|
|
12,500
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
18,260
|
|
|
|
106,740
|
|
March
18, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
360,000
|
|
|
|
360,000
|
|
|
|
36,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
94,992
|
|
|
|
265,008
|
|
March
24, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
106,667
|
|
|
|
106,667
|
|
|
|
10,667
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
15,427
|
|
|
|
91,240
|
|
March
31, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
167,882
|
|
|
|
167,882
|
|
|
|
16,788
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
2,436
|
|
|
|
165,446
|
|
April
5, 2016
|
|
24
months
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
%
2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
May
24, 2016
|
|
7
months
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
7,000
|
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
20,368
|
|
June
15, 2016
|
|
6
months
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,680
|
|
June
17, 2016
|
|
6
months
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,899
|
|
June
22, 2016
|
|
6
months
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
3,373
|
|
July
6, 2016
|
|
6
months
|
|
|
85,000
|
|
|
|
85,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
15,048
|
|
July
29, 2016
|
|
6
months
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
12
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
25,518
|
|
September
15, 2016
|
|
8
months
|
|
|
500,000
|
|
|
|
500,000
|
|
|
|
40,541
|
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
65,972
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
7,229,549
|
|
|
$
|
7,229,549
|
|
|
$
|
680,496
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,158,408
|
|
|
$
|
6,060,837
|
|
1
The original issue discount is reflected in the first year.
2
The annual interest starts accruing in the second year.
The
closings above on March 10, 24, and 31, 2016 included $264,667 of proceeds received from related parties.
At
any time after six months from the Inception Date, the Company has the right to prepay the above Debentures in cash for 120% of
the principal amount outstanding and any accrued interest. As of September 30, 2016, a total of approximately $291,000 convertible
debentures were purchased by related parties who were members of the Company’s Board of Directors.
The
following table provides a summary of the changes in convertible debt, net of unamortized discount, during 2016:
|
|
2016
|
|
Balance at January 1,
|
|
$
|
277,342
|
|
Issuance of convertible debt, face value
|
|
|
2,509,045
|
|
Original issue discount
|
|
|
(189,496
|
)
|
Debt discount from derivative liabilities
(embedded conversion option and warrants)
|
|
|
(1,153,817
|
)
|
Debt discount from shares and warrants
issued with the notes
|
|
|
(117,137
|
)
|
Debt discount from beneficial conversion
feature
|
|
|
(20,721
|
)
|
Deferred financing fees
|
|
|
(270,732
|
)
|
Conversion of debentures to common shares
|
|
|
(100,000
|
)
|
Accretion of
interest and amortization of debt discount to interest expense through September 30,
|
|
|
2,808,261
|
|
Balance at September 30,
|
|
|
3,742,745
|
|
Less: current
portion
|
|
|
2,664,334
|
|
Convertible debt,
long-term portion
|
|
$
|
1,078,411
|
|
Other
Notes
On
January 6, 2016 we signed a Merchant Agreement with a lender. Under the agreement we received $250,000 in exchange for rights
to all customer receipts until the lender is paid $322,500, which is collected at the rate of $1,280 per business day. The payments
were secured by second position rights to all customer receipts until the loan has been paid in full. $138,840 of the proceeds
were used to pay off the outstanding balance of a previous loan from another lender. The Company recognized a gain on the settlement
of the previous loan of $5,044 which was credited to interest expense. The Company paid $2,500 in fees in connection with this
loan. We received an additional $93,161 in June 2016 under the existing Merchant Agreement. The note was still outstanding as
of September 30, 2016 with a balance of $105,125.
On
January 20, 2016, we borrowed $50,000 from an individual with no interest or fees. We paid back the loan in March 2016.
On
February 8, 2016 we signed a Merchant Agreement with a lender. Under the agreement we received $100,000 in exchange for third
position rights to all customer receipts until the lender is paid $129,900, which is collected at the rate of $927 per business
day. The Company paid $2,000 in fees in connection with this loan. We received an additional $125,000 in June 2016 under the existing
Merchant Agreement of which $48,420 was used to pay off the prior loan. The note was still outstanding as of September 30, 2016
with a balance of $2,119 after payments of $56,841. The lender provided an additional $70,000 on August 16, 2016. We repaid a
portion of the $70,000 with $49,200 remaining as outstanding as of September 30, 2016.
On
May 9, 2016 we signed a promissory note with a lender. Under the agreement we received $200,000 net of a $6,000 original issue
discount and we repaid $206,000 on August 25, 2016. In connection with this promissory note, we issued warrants exercisable into
100,000 shares of our common stock. The warrants issued in this transaction are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of
$0.55 per share. The warrants have an expiration period of three years from the original issue date. The warrants are subject
to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends or recapitalizations. The warrants were recorded as a component of our Stockholders’
Equity. The estimated fair value of the warrants was determined using the binomial model, resulting in an allocation of $27,349
to the total warrants and recorded as a discount to the note to be amortized over the term of the loan. We evaluated the warrants
for derivative liability treatment and determined that these instruments do not include certain rights such as price protection
like our previous debt financings. Accordingly, we concluded that these instruments did not qualify for derivative accounting
treatment. In August 2016, the lender extended the maturity date of the note from August 11, 2016 to August 25, 2016. Consequently,
a penalty interest of $41,200 was added to the principal amount and settled through the issuance of 100,049 common shares. As
of September 30, 2016, the outstanding balance on this note was zero.
On
August 26, 2016 we signed a Merchant Agreement with a lender. Under the agreement we received $122,465 net proceeds in exchange
for rights to all customer receipts which is collected at the rate of $1,386 per business day. The note was still outstanding
as of September 30, 2016 with a balance of $91,736.
Preferred
Stock
We
are authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01. Of the 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock:
|
1)
|
20,000
shares have been designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (“
Junior A
”)
|
|
|
|
|
2)
|
313,960
shares have been designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series A
”)
|
|
|
|
|
3)
|
279,256
shares have been designated as Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series B
”)
|
|
|
|
|
4)
|
88,098
shares have been designated as Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series C
”)
|
|
|
|
|
5)
|
850
shares have been designated as Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series D
”)
|
|
|
|
|
6)
|
500
shares have been designated as Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
(“Series E”)
|
|
|
|
|
7)
|
240,000
shares have been designated as Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series G
”)
|
|
|
|
|
8)
|
10,000
shares have been designated as Series H Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series H
”)
|
|
|
|
|
9)
|
21
shares have been designated as Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series H2
”)
|
|
|
|
|
10)
|
6,250
shares have been designated as Series J Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series J
”)
|
|
|
|
|
11)
|
15,000
shares have been designated as Series K Convertible Preferred Stock (“
Series K
”)
|
As
of September 30, 2016, there were no shares of Junior A, and Series A, B, C and E issued and outstanding. See our Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for the pertinent disclosures of preferred stock.
Stock
Options and Warrants
Our
stockholders approved our amended 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to which an aggregate of 1,800,000
shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options or other equity awards made under the Plan.
Under the Plan, we may award stock options, shares of common stock, and other equity interests in the Company to employees, officers,
directors, consultants, and advisors, and to any other persons the Board of Directors deems appropriate. As of September 30, 2016,
options to acquire 1,153,750 shares were outstanding under the Plan with 646,250 shares available for future grant under the Plan.
On
December 12, 2013 at the Company’s special meeting the shareholders approved the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013
Plan”) pursuant to which 3,000,000 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options
or other equity awards. Under the 2013 Plan, we may award stock options, shares of common stock, and other equity interests in
the Company to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors, and to any other persons the Board of Directors deems
appropriate. As of September 30, 2016, a total of 2,047,500 options have been granted under the 2013 Plan with 952,500 shares
available for future grants.
On
November 29, 2015 the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2015 Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (the “2015 Plan”)
pursuant to which 5,000,000 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance upon exercise of non-qualified stock options.
Under the 2015 Plan, we may award non-qualified stock options in the Company to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and
advisors, and to any other persons the Board of Directors deems appropriate. As of September 30, 2016, non-qualified options to
acquire 2,068,000 shares were outstanding under the Plan with 2,932,000 shares available for future grants.
All
of the outstanding non-qualified options had an exercise price that was at or above the Company’s common stock share price
on September 30, 2016.
The
following tables summarize information concerning options and warrants outstanding and exercisable:
|
|
Stock
Options
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Price
per share
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Price
per share
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Exercisable
|
|
Balance
outstanding, 01/01/15
|
|
|
3,406,250
|
|
|
$
|
0.51
|
|
|
|
19,182,201
|
|
|
$
|
0.49
|
|
|
|
22,588,451
|
|
|
|
16,611,528
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
2,500,000
|
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
10,837,141
|
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
13,337,141
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(205,000
|
)
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
(791,678
|
)
|
|
|
0.31
|
|
|
|
(996,678
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(130,000
|
)
|
|
|
0.70
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(130,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance outstanding,
12/31/15
|
|
|
5,571,250
|
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
|
|
|
29,227,664
|
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
|
|
|
34,798,914
|
|
|
|
31,664,469
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4,294,552
|
|
|
|
0.43
|
|
|
|
4,294,552
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(70,000
|
)
|
|
|
0.31
|
|
|
|
(70,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(186,000
|
)
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
(8,627,521
|
)
|
|
|
0.61
|
|
|
|
(8,813,521
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(116,000
|
)
|
|
|
0.51
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(116,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance outstanding,
9/30/2016
|
|
|
5,269,250
|
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
|
|
24,824,695
|
|
|
$
|
0.39
|
|
|
|
30,093,945
|
|
|
|
28,095,959
|
|
|
|
Options
Outstanding
|
|
|
Options
Exercisable
|
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
|
Weighted
Average
|
|
Range of
Exercise
Prices
|
|
Number
of
Options
|
|
|
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
|
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
|
Number
of
Options
|
|
|
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
|
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
$0.30 - $0.39
|
|
|
1,625,500
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
|
|
1,248,514
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
|
|
$
|
0.30
|
|
0.40 - 0.49
|
|
|
2,786,000
|
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
|
|
1,165,000
|
|
|
|
8.6
|
|
|
|
0.40
|
|
0.50 - 0.59
|
|
|
226,250
|
|
|
|
5.9
|
|
|
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
226,250
|
|
|
|
5.9
|
|
|
|
0.50
|
|
0.60 - 0.69
|
|
|
385,500
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
|
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
385,500
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
|
|
|
0.60
|
|
0.70 - 1.25
|
|
|
246,000
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
246,000
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
$0.30 - $1.25
|
|
|
5,269,250
|
|
|
|
7.8
|
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
|
|
3,271,264
|
|
|
|
7.1
|
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
|
As
of September 30, 2016, the total estimated fair value of unvested stock options to be amortized over their remaining vesting period
was $459,724. The non-cash, stock-based compensation expense associated with the vesting of these options is expected to be $90,445
for the remainder of 2016, $212,957 in 2017 and $156,322 in 2018.
Common
Stock Issuances
On
April 22, 2016, we issued 22,996 shares of common stock in connection with a cashless exercise of 70,000 warrants.
On
May 6, 2016, all remaining Series K preferred shareholders except one converted 4,600 shares of preferred stock into approximately
4.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company issued 247,435 shares of common stock to pay the accrued dividend
of $63,413 on Series K preferred stock.
On
May 13, 2016, we issued 420,849 shares of common stock to convert $117,837 of convertible note principal and related interest.
See Note 6
On
various dates from January to September 2016, we issued a total of 297,500 shares of common stock in connection with the convertible
notes issued to lenders. We also issued 100,049 shares of common stock to settle debt of $41,200. See Note 6.
On
August 29, 2016, a Series J preferred shareholder converted 25 shares of preferred stock into 25,000 shares of the Company’s
common stock. The Company issued 1,112 shares of common stock to pay the accrued dividend of $445 on Series J preferred stock.
On
various dates from January to September 2016 the Company issued 755,000 shares of restricted common stock to investor relations
firms for services rendered.
Sale
of Common Stock
On
August 29, September 9 and September 14, 2016, we completed private placements, pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 1,125,000
shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, for a purchase price of $0.40 per share, resulting in gross proceeds to us of approximately
$450,000. The shares were issued and sold to a total of 2 accredited investors pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered
into as of August 29, 2016. The investors received warrants to purchase 1,125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at
$0.50 exercise price. The warrants expire 5 years after issuance. We also incurred stock issuance costs related to broker and
legal fees of $67,035 which were charged to additional paid in capital.
On
October 11 and November 10, 2016, we completed two additional tranches of the Fall 2016 Private Placement, pursuant to which we
sold an aggregate of 400,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, for a purchase price of $0.40 per share, resulting in gross
proceeds to us of approximately $160,000. The Shares were issued and sold to a total of 2 accredited investors pursuant to a Securities
Purchase Agreement entered into as of the date of their investments. The investors received warrants to purchase a total of 400,000
shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.50. The warrants expire 5 years after issuance.
On
October 28, 2016, an accredited investor (the “Investor”) purchased a promissory note in the aggregate principal amount
of up to $2,000,000 (the “Note”) due and payable on the earlier of October 28, 2017 or on the seventh business day
after the closing of a Qualified Offering (as defined in the Note). Although the Note is dated October 26, 2016, the transaction
did not close until October 28, 2016, when the Company received its initial $250,000 advance pursuant to the Note. As a result,
on the same day and pursuant to the Note, the Company issued to the Investor a Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase 625,000
shares of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock”) at an exercise price per share equal to $0.40 per share.
The Investor is obligated to provide the Company $250,000 advances under the Note, but the Investor shall not be required to advance
more than $250,000 in any individual fifteen (15) day period and no more than $500,000 in the thirty (30) day period immediately
following the date of the initial advance. Notwithstanding the fifteen (15) day period limitation, on November 2, November 23,
December 6, and December 16, 2016, the Company received additional advances totaling $1,000,000 pursuant to the Note and the Company
issued to the Investor warrants to purchase 2,500,000 shares of the Common Stock. The terms of the warrants are identical except
for the exercise date, issue date, and termination date. Interest on the principal balance of the Note shall be paid in full on
the Maturity Date, unless otherwise paid prior to the Maturity Date. Interest shall be assessed as follows: (i) 10% on all principal
amounts advanced prior to April 28, 2017; (ii) the foregoing and 4% on any amount remaining outstanding if the principal amount
is repaid between April 28, 2017 and July28, 2017; or (iii) both of the foregoing and 4% on any amount remaining outstanding if
the principal amount is repaid between July 28, 2017 and October 28, 2017. Our placement agent is being paid eight percent (8%)
of all principal amounts advanced in connection with this transaction.
On
November 1, 2016, we signed a consulting agreement with an investor relations firm for a twelve month period with a six-month
cancellation clause. In connection with this agreement, we issued a warrant exercisable at $0.40 per share for 660,000 shares
of our common stock. Of these shares, 330,000 vest immediately and 330,000 shares vest 181 days after November 1, 2016. The warrant
expires five years from issuance.
Shares
of Common Stock
Warrants
to Purchase Shares of Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
Joseph
Gunnar & Co.
,
2017
Through
and including ,
2017 (the 25
th
day after the date of this offering), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities,
whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a
dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment
or subscription
PART
II
INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item
13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The
following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, to be paid by the Registrant
in connection with the issuance and distribution of the common stock and warrants being registered. All amounts other than the
SEC registration fees and FINRA fees are estimates.
SEC Registration Fee
|
$
|
4,623.44
|
FINRA Filing Fee
|
$
|
4,845.31
|
NASDAQ Filing Fee
|
$
|
*
|
Printing Fees and Expenses
|
$
|
*
|
Accounting Fees and Expenses
|
$
|
*
|
Legal Fees and Expenses
|
$
|
*
|
Transfer Agent and Registrar Fees
|
$
|
*
|
Miscellaneous Fees and Expenses
|
$
|
*
|
Total
|
$
|
*
|
*
To be completed by amendment.
Item
14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Under
the General Corporation Law of the State of Nevada, we can indemnify our directors and officers against liabilities they may incur
in such capacities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Our
articles of incorporation provide that, pursuant to Nevada law, our directors shall not be liable for monetary damages for breach
of the directors’ fiduciary duty of care to us and our stockholders. This provision in the articles of incorporation does
not eliminate the duty of care, and in appropriate circumstances equitable remedies such as injunctive or other forms of non-monetary
relief will remain available under Nevada law. In addition, each director will continue to be subject to liability for breach
of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders, for acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional
misconduct or knowing violations of law, for any transaction from which the director directly or indirectly derived an improper
personal benefit, and for payment of dividends or approval of stock repurchases or redemptions that are unlawful under Nevada
law. The provision also does not affect a director’s responsibilities under any other law, such as the federal securities
laws or state or federal environmental laws.
Our
by-laws provide for the indemnification of our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the Nevada General Corporation
Law. We are not, however, required to indemnify any director or officer in connection with any (a) willful misconduct, (b) willful
neglect, or (c) gross negligence toward or on behalf of us in the performance of his or her duties as a director or officer. We
are required to advance, prior to the final disposition of any proceeding, promptly on request, all expenses incurred by any director
or officer in connection with that proceeding on receipt of any undertaking by or on behalf of that director or officer to repay
those amounts if it should be determined ultimately that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified under our bylaws or otherwise.
We
have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, any indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933
is against public policy, as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable.
Item
15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
The
following sets forth information regarding all unregistered securities sold by us in transactions that were exempt from the requirements
of the Securities Act in the last three years. Except where noted, all of the securities discussed in this Item 15 were all issued
in reliance on the exemption under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
2014
On
February 10, 2014 a lender, with the prior approval of the Company, chose to convert $37,500 of their outstanding note balance
into 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
June 23, 2014 a lender, with the prior approval of the Company, chose to convert $50,000 of their outstanding note balance into
200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
In
March and April 2014, a Series D warrant holder exercised warrants to purchase 596,658 shares of common stock resulting in net
proceeds to the Company of $149,164.
In
April 2014 we issued 733,169 shares of common stock to holders of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock for the conversion of 58,750
shares of preferred and $58,267 of accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock. We also issued 92,500
shares of common stock to holders of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock for the conversion of 92.5 shares of Series J Convertible
Preferred Stock.
In
July 2014 we issued 1,517,466 shares of common stock to holders of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock for the conversion of
1,449 shares of preferred and $24,648 of accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series J Convertible Preferred Stock. On August 13.
2014 we issued 200,000 shares of common stock to an investor relations firm for services. The Company recorded $52,000 as expense
related to these services. On September 9, 2014 we issued 75,000 shares of commons stock to a lender as a fee for a $175,000 loan.
On September 18, 2014 we issued 75,000 shares of common stock to and investor relations firm as payment for services provided
to the Company in 2014. The Company recorded $44,250 in expense related to this transaction.
On
September 22, 2014 the Company issued 64,000 shares of common stock for the conversion of 64 shares of Series K Preferred Convertible
Stock. On December 22, 2014 the Company issued 1,035,000 shares of common stock for the conversion of 1,035 shares of Series K
Preferred Convertible Stock.
In
December we issued a total of 160,000 shares of common stock to a lender in exchange for $49,000 of outstanding loans and fees.
We also issued a total of 238,830 shares of common stock to four investor relations firms for services provided.
On
December 23, 2014 we issued 3,612,000 shares of common stock for the exercise of warrants in a warrant reset agreement. 2,100,000
of these common stock shares were converted to Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock.
Warrant
Reset Agreement
On
December 23, 2014, The Company closed a series of Warrant Reset Agreements (“
Warrant Reset Agreements
”) with
30 warrant holders (the “
Warrant Holders
”) in order to re-price their Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the “
Warrants
”).
In consideration for the Warrant Holder exercising their outstanding Warrants by or before December 23, 2014, the Company agreed
to reduce the exercise price to $0.25 per warrant share. In addition, for each warrant exercised (the “
Exercised Warrant
”),
the Warrant Holder received a New Warrant (the “
New Warrant
”) to purchase that same number of Warrant Shares
as exercised, at an exercise price of $0.40 per share. If the Exercised Warrant terminated on or before December 31, 2015, the
date of termination of the New Warrant was December 31, 2015. If the date of termination of the Exercised Warrant was after December
31, 2015, the date of termination of the New Warrant was the same as that of the Exercised Warrant.
As
a result of the Warrant Reset Agreements, the Company received $903,000 from the exercise of warrants and incurred $40,481 in
fees. The Company has issued New Warrants for 3,612,000 warrant shares, and has requested its transfer agent to issue 3,612,000
shares of restricted Common Stock (the “
Exercised Warrant Shares
”) to the investors. Neither the Exercised
Warrant Shares nor the shares underlying the New Warrants will be registered for sale pursuant to a registration statement.
2015
With
respect to the convertible debenture for $223,000 signed by the Company on December 4, 2013, a lender, with the prior approval
of the Company, chose to convert a portion of the outstanding note balance into shares of the Company’s common stock, and
to extend the note for approximately 45 days after each conversion, as follows:
On
January 14, 2015 $25,000 was converted into 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
February 25, 2015 $38,000 was converted into 140,741 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
April 10, 2015 $35,000 was converted into 140,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
May 29, 2015 $35,000 was converted into 140,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
July 21, 2015 $20,000 was converted into 80,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
August 13, 2015 $40,000 was converted into 160,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
September 25, 2015 $30,000 was converted into 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
For
each extension, the Company paid a fee of $13,000, $13,000, $10,000, and $8,000, respectively. This note was paid off in its entirety
on November 5, 2015.
During
the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued 1,755,091 shares with a fair value of $457,030 for consulting and investor
relation services.
On
August 14, 2015, the Company closed a Securities Exchange Agreement with Everest Investments Holdings of Warsaw, Poland under
which Everest purchased 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s restricted Common Stock at a purchase price of $0.50/share. In
exchange, the Company received 601,500 shares of Everest Investments (“Everest”), a publicly-traded company on the
Main Market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The shares of Everest were valued at approximately $400,000 as of the closing date.
With
respect to the convertible debenture for $150,000 signed by the Company on June 4, 2014, a lender, with prior approval of the
Company, chose to convert a portion of the outstanding note balance into shares of the Company’s common stock, and to extend
the note for approximately 30 days after each conversion, as follows:
On
February 18, 2015 $25,000 was converted into 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
March 18, 2015 $22,500 was converted into 90,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
March 31, 2015 $27,500 was converted into 110,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
On
April 17, 2015 $30,000 was converted into 120,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.
With
respect to the convertible debenture for $75,000 signed by the Company on November 10, 2014, a lender, upon the request of the
Company, on June 8, 2015 agreed to extend the conversion date of the note until July 20, 2015. The lender received 40,000 shares
of the Company’s common stock in exchange for the extension. The Company recorded $10,000 to interest expense for this transaction.
This note was paid off in its entirety on July 24, 2015.
On
various dates in December 2015, $58,919 of existing convertible debt and interest was converted into 235,676 shares of the Company’s
common stock.
2016
Senior
Secured Convertible Debentures and Warrants
We
entered into Subscription Agreements (the “
Subscription Agreement
”) with various individuals (each, a “
Purchaser
”)
between July 23, 2015 and March 31, 2016, pursuant to which the Company sold Senior Secured Convertible Debentures (the “
Debentures
”)
and warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 50% of the number of shares issuable pursuant to the subscription amount
(the “
Warrants
”) for an aggregate purchase price of $6,329,549 (the “
Purchase Price
”).
The
Company issued a principal aggregate amount of $6,962,504 in Debentures which includes a 10% original issue discount on the Purchase
Price. The Debenture does not accrue any additional interest during the first year it is outstanding but accrues interest at a
rate equal to 10% per annum for the second year it is outstanding. The Debenture has a maturity date of two years from issuance.
The Debenture is convertible any time after its issuance date. The Purchaser has the right to convert the Debenture into shares
of the Company’s common stock at a fixed conversion price equal to $0.28 per share, subject to applicable adjustments. In
the second year that the Debenture is outstanding, any interest accrued shall be payable quarterly in either cash or common stock,
at the Company’s discretion.
At
any time after the Issuance Date, the Company has the option, subject to certain conditions, to redeem some or all of the then
outstanding principal amount of the Debenture for cash in an amount equal to the sum of (i) 120% of the then outstanding principal
amount of the Debenture, (ii) accrued but unpaid interest and (iii) any liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of
the Debenture.
The
Company issued warrants exercisable into a total of 11,302,766 shares of our common stock. The Warrants issued in this transaction
are immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $0.40 per share, subject to applicable adjustments including full ratchet
anti-dilution in the event that we issue any securities at a price lower than the exercise price then in effect. The Warrants
have an expiration period of five years from the original issue date. The Warrants are subject to adjustment for stock splits,
stock dividends or recapitalizations and also include anti-dilution price protection for subsequent equity sales below the exercise
price.
Subject
to the terms and conditions of the Warrants, at any time commencing six months from the Final Closing, the Company has the right
to call the Warrants for cancellation if the volume weighted average price of its Common Stock on the OTC QB Market (or other
primary trading market or exchange on which the Common Stock is then traded) equals or exceeds three times the per share exercise
price of the Warrants for 15 out of 20 consecutive trading days.
Other
convertible notes
On
May 13, 2016, one lender converted an outstanding note issued on April 28, 2015 and the related accrued interest totaling $117,837
to 420,849 common shares. As of September 30, 2016, the outstanding balance on the note was zero.
On
May 24, we sold an additional convertible note for $107,000 with warrants to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise
price of $0.55 per share. The purchaser has the right to convert the notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at
a fixed conversion price equal to $0.45 per share, subject to applicable adjustments. The estimated fair value of the warrants
was determined using the binomial model, resulting in an allocation of $12,406 to the total warrants and the recognition of a
beneficial conversion feature of $7,962, both of which were recorded as a discount to the note. We evaluated the convertible note
and warrants for derivative liability treatment and determined that these instruments do not include certain rights such as price
protection like our previous debt financings. Accordingly, we concluded that this financing arrangement did not qualify for derivative
accounting treatment.
On
June 14, 2016, we sold an additional convertible note for $115,000 and issued 30,667 common shares to compensate the lender. On
July 1, 2016, the note was modified to increase the principal amount to $200,000 and we received the remaining proceeds of $85,000
on the same date and issued 34,333 common shares as compensation to the lender. The lender has the right to convert the note into
shares of the Company’s common stock at fixed conversion price equal to $0.45 per share, subject to applicable adjustments.
We valued the total 65,000 common shares using the stock prices at the respective dates the note proceeds were received and recorded
the relative fair value of the shares amounting to $26,000 as a debt discount to be amortized over the term of the loan. We then
computed the effective conversion price of the note, noting that no beneficial conversion feature exists. We also evaluated the
convertible note for derivative liability treatment and determined that the instrument does not include certain rights such as
price protection like our previous debt financing. Accordingly, we concluded that this financing arrangement did not qualify for
derivative accounting treatment.
On
July 29, 2016, we sold an additional convertible note for $100,000 and issued 32,500 common shares to compensate the lender. The
lender has the right to convert the notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a fixed conversion price equal to
$0.45 per share, subject to applicable adjustments. The proceeds were allocated between the convertible note and shares of common
stock based on their relative fair values. The relative fair values of the convertible note and the common shares was $87,241
and $12,759, respectively. We then computed the effective conversion price of the note, noting that the convertible debt gave
rise to a beneficial conversion feature (BCF) of $12,759. The sum of the relative fair value of the common shares and the BCF
of $25,518 was recorded as a debt discount to be amortized over the term of the loan. We also evaluated the convertible note for
derivative liability treatment and determined that the instruments does not include certain rights such as price protection like
our previous debt financings. Accordingly, we concluded that this financing arrangements did not qualify for derivative accounting
treatment.
On
September 15, 2016, we sold an additional convertible note for $500,000 and issued 200,000 common shares to compensate the lender.
The lender has the right to convert the notes into shares of the Company’s common stock at a fixed conversion price equal
to $0.45 per share, subject to applicable adjustments. The convertible note includes an original issue discount of $40,541 and
is subject to annual interest of 9%. The proceeds were allocated between the convertible note and shares of common stock based
on their relative fair values. The relative fair value of the convertible note was $434,028. The allocation of the gross proceeds
to the shares of common stock was $65,972 and recorded as a debt discount to be amortized over the term of the loan. We then computed
the effective conversion price of the note, noting that no beneficial conversion feature exists. We also evaluated the convertible
note for derivative liability treatment and determined that the instrument does not include certain rights such as price protection
like our previous debt financings. Accordingly, we concluded that this financing arrangement did not qualify for derivative accounting
treatment.
Other
Issuances
On
August 29, September 9 and September 14, 2016, we completed three tranches of a private placement (the “Fall 2016 Private
Placement”), pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 1,125,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value (the “Shares”),
for a purchase price of $0.40 per share, resulting in gross proceeds to us of approximately $450,000. The Shares were issued and
sold to a total of 2 accredited investors pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement entered into as of the date of their investments.
The investors received warrants to purchase a total of 1,125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price
of $0.50. The warrants expire 5 years after issuance.
On
October 11 and November 10, 2016, we completed two additional tranches of the Fall 2016 Private Placement, pursuant to which we
sold an aggregate of 400,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value (the “Shares”), for a purchase price of $0.40
per share, resulting in gross proceeds to us of approximately $160,000. The Shares were issued and sold to a total of 2 accredited
investors pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement entered into as of the date of their investments. The investors received
warrants to purchase a total of 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.50. The warrants
expire 5 years after issuance.
The
Fall 2016 Private Placement securities were issued without registration under the Securities Act, in reliance upon the exemption
from registration set forth in Rule 506 of Regulation D (“Regulation D”) promulgated under the Securities Act. We
based such reliance upon representations made by each purchaser of the securities, including, but not limited to, representations
as to the purchaser’s status as an “accredited investor” (as defined in Rule 501(a) under Regulation D) and
the purchaser’s investment intent. The securities were not offered or sold by any form of general solicitation or general
advertising, as such terms are used in Rule 502 under Regulation D. The securities may not be offered or sold in the United States
absent an effective registration statement or an exemption from the registration requirements under applicable federal and state
securities laws.
On
various dates from January to September 2016 the Company issued 755,000 shares of restricted common stock to investor relations
firms for services rendered.
On
October 28, 2016, an accredited investor (the “Investor”) purchased from the Company a promissory note in the aggregate
principal amount of up to $2,000,000 (the “Revolving Note”) due and payable on the earlier of October 28, 2017 (the
“Maturity Date”) or on the seventh business day after the closing of a Qualified Offering (as defined in the Revolving
Note). Although the Revolving Note is dated October 26, 2016, the transaction did not close until October 28, 2016, when the Company
received its initial $250,000 advance pursuant to the Revolving Note. As a result, on the same day and pursuant to the Revolving
Note, the Company issued to the Investor a Common Stock Purchase Warrant (the “First Warrant”) to purchase 625,000
shares of the Company’s common stock (“Common Stock”) at an exercise price per share equal to $0.40 per share.
The Investor is obligated to provide the Company $250,000 advances under the Revolving Note, but the Investor shall not be required
to advance more than $250,000 in any individual fifteen (15) day period and no more than $500,000 in the thirty (30) day period
immediately following the date of the initial advance. Notwithstanding the fifteen (15) day period limitation, on November 2,
2016, the Company received a second $250,000 advance pursuant to the Revolving Note and the Company issued to the Investor the
Second Warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of the Common Stock. The terms of the First and Second Warrants are identical except
for the exercise date, issue date, and termination date. Interest on the principal balance of the Revolving Note shall be paid
in full on the Maturity Date, unless otherwise paid prior to the Maturity Date. Interest shall be assessed as follows: (i) 10%
on all principal amounts advanced prior to April 28, 2017; (ii) the foregoing and 4% on any amount remaining outstanding if the
principal amount is repaid between April 28, 2017 and July 28, 2017; or (iii) both of the foregoing and 4% on any amount remaining
outstanding if the principal amount is repaid between July 28, 2017 and October 28, 2017.
Item
16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
EXHIBITS
We
have filed the exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index of this registration statement and below in this Item 16:
Exhibit
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Incorporated by Reference
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Filed
or
Furnished
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Number
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Exhibit Description
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Form
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Exhibit
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Filing Date
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Herewith
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1.1†
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Form
of Underwriting Agreement
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3.1
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Restated
Articles of Organization of the Company.
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S-1
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3.1
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10/8/1996
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3.2
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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10-Q
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3.1
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11/23/2004
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3.3
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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2/18/2009
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3.4
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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4/12/2011
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3.5
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Articles of Amendment to Restated
Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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11/10/2011
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3.6
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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1/4/2013
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3.7
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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2/13/2013
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3.8
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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12/12/2013
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3.9
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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2/5/2014
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3.10
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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12/31/2014
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3.11
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Articles
of Amendment to Restated Articles of the Organization of the Company
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8-K
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3.1
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7/28/2015
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3.12
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Amended
and Restated By-Laws of the Company
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3.13
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Amended
and Restated By-Laws of the Company
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10-K
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3.3
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3/31/2013
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4.1
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Specimen
Certificate for Shares of the Company’s common stock
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10-KSB
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4.1
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4/22/2005
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4.2
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Form
of Debenture
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8-K
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4.1
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7/28/2015
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4.3
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Form
of Warrant
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8-K
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4.2
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7/28/2015
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5.1†
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Opinion
of Lucosky Brookman, LLP.
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10.1
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Technology
Transfer and Patent Assignment Agreement dated October 7, 1996, between Bioseq, Inc. and BioMolecular Assays, Inc.
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10-K
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10.11
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3/27/2008
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10.2
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Amendment
to Technology Transfer and Patent Assignment Agreement dated October 8, 1998 between Bioseq, Inc. and BioMolecular Assays,
Inc.
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10-K
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10.12
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3/27/2008
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10.3
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Nonexclusive
License Agreement dated September 30, 1998 between Bioseq, Inc. and BioMolecular Assays, Inc.
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10-K
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10.13
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3/27/2008
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10.4
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Subscription
Agreement
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8-K
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10.1
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7/28/2015
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10.5
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Security
Agreement
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8-K
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10.2
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7/28/2015
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21.1
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List
of subsidiaries
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X
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23.1
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Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Malone Bailey LLP)
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X
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23.2
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Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Marcum LLP)
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X
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23.3†
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Consent
of Lucosky Brookman LLP (reference is made to Exhibit 5.1)
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Item
17. Undertakings
The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
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(1)
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To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
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(i)
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To
include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
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(ii)
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To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most
recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information
set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered
(if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low
or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant
to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum
aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration
statement;
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(iii)
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To
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement
or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
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(2)
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That
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933 each such post-effective amendment shall be
deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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(3)
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To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold
at the termination of the offering.
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(4)
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That,
for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant
to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on
Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration
statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration
statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated
by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser
with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration
statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such
date of first use.
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(5)
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That,
for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial
distribution of the securities:
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The
undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration
statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or
sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser
and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
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(i)
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Any
preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant
to Rule 424;
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(ii)
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Any
free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred
to by the undersigned registrant;
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(iii)
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The
portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned
registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
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(iv)
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Any
other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
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(6)
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The
undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement
certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery
to each purchaser.
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(7)
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Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 14 above, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised
that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant
of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any
action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities
being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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(8)
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The
undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
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(1)
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That
for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed
as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant
pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4), or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement
as of the time it was declared effective.
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(2)
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That
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form
of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and this offering
of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of South Easton, Massachusetts, on December 22, 2016.
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Pressure
BioSciences, Inc.
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By:
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/s/
Richard T. Schumacher
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Name:
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Richard
T. Schumacher
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Title:
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President and
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)
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Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature
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Title
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Date
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/s/
Richard T. Schumacher
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President,
Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer, Clerk and Director (Principal Executive
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December
22, 2016
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Richard
T. Schumacher
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Officer
and Principal Accounting and Financial Officer),
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/s/
Jeffrey N. Peterson
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Chairman
of the Board of Directors
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December
22, 2016
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Jeffrey
N. Peterson
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/s/
Mickey Urdea
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Director
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December
22, 2016
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Mickey
Urdea, Ph.D.
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/s/
Vito Mangiardi
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Director
|
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December
22, 2016
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Vito
Mangiardi
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December
22, 2016
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/s/
Kevin A. Pollack
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Director
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Kevin
A. Pollack
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