UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-CSR

 

 

CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED

MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES

Investment Company Act file number 811-07920

 

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

 

 

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10018

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

 

 

George P. Hoyt.

Franklin Templeton

100 First Stamford Place

Stamford, CT 06902

(Name and address of agent for service)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (888) 777-0102

Date of fiscal year end: September 30

Date of reporting period: September 30, 2021

 

 

 


ITEM 1.

REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS.

The Annual Report to Stockholders is filed herewith.


LOGO

 

Annual Report   September 30, 2021

WESTERN ASSET

HIGH INCOME

OPPORTUNITY FUND

INC. (HIO)

 

 

 

The Fund intends to no longer mail paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports like this one, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Fund or from your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank). Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

If you invest through a financial intermediary and you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically (“e-delivery”), you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. If you have not already elected e-delivery, you may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary.

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. That election will apply to all Legg Mason Funds held in your account at that financial intermediary. If you are a direct shareholder with the Fund, you can call the Fund at 1-888-888-0151, or write to the Fund by regular mail at P.O. Box 505000, Louisville, KY 40233 or by overnight delivery to Computershare, 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202 to let the Fund know you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports. That election will apply to all Legg Mason Funds held in your account held directly with the fund complex.

 

LOGO

 

INVESTMENT PRODUCTS: NOT FDIC INSURED • NO BANK GUARANTEE • MAY LOSE VALUE


What’s inside      
Letter from the chairman     III  
Fund overview     1  
Fund at a glance     7  
Fund performance     8  
Schedule of investments     10  
Statement of assets and liabilities     26  
Statement of operations     27  
Statements of changes in net assets     28  
Financial highlights     29  
Notes to financial statements     31  
Report of independent registered public accounting firm     46  
Additional information     47  
Annual chief executive officer and principal financial officer certifications     53  
Other shareholder communications regarding accounting matters     54  
Summary of information regarding the Fund     55  
Dividend reinvestment plan     65  
Important tax information     67  

 

Fund objectives

The Fund seeks high current income. Capital appreciation is a secondary objective.

In seeking to fulfill its investment objectives, the Fund invests, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets in high-yield securities and up to 20% in common stock equivalents, including options, warrants and rights.

 

 

II    Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Letter from the chairman

 

LOGO

Dear Shareholder,

We are pleased to provide the annual report of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. for the twelve-month reporting period ended September 30, 2021. Please read on for a detailed look at prevailing economic and market conditions during the Fund’s reporting period and to learn how those conditions have affected Fund performance.

As always, we remain committed to providing you with excellent service and a full spectrum of investment choices. We also remain committed to supplementing the support you receive from your financial advisor. One way we accomplish this is through our website, www.franklintempleton.com. Here you can gain immediate access to market and investment information, including:

 

 

Fund prices and performance,

 

 

Market insights and commentaries from our portfolio managers, and

 

 

A host of educational resources.

We look forward to helping you meet your financial goals.

Sincerely,

 

LOGO

Jane Trust, CFA

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

October 29, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   III


Fund overview

 

Q. What is the Fund’s investment strategy?

A. The Fund seeks high current income. Capital appreciation is a secondary objective. In seeking to fulfill its investment objectives, the Fund invests, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets in high-yield securities and up to 20% in common stock equivalents, including options, warrants and rights.

We employ an actively managed approach that is risk-aware and incorporates top-down macroeconomic views with industry sector insights and bottom-up credit research to derive the general framework for the Fund’s predominantly non-investment grade credit mandate. This framework provides the foundation for how the portfolio is positioned with respect to risk (aggressive, neutral, conservative), as well as sector overweights and underweights.

Risk and weightings are reviewed on a regular basis. Our bottom-up process provides the basis for populating the targeted industry weightings through individual credit selection. Analysts work closely with investment professionals to determine which securities provide the best risk/reward relationship within their respective sectors. The research team focuses on key fundamental measures such as leverage, cash flow adequacy, liquidity, amortization schedule, underlying asset value and management integrity/track record.

At Western Asset Management Company, LLC (“Western Asset”), the Fund’s subadviser, we utilize a fixed income team approach, with decisions derived from interaction among various investment management sector specialists. The sector teams are comprised of Western Asset’s senior portfolio management personnel, research analysts and an in-house economist. Under this team approach, management of client fixed income portfolios will reflect a consensus of interdisciplinary views within the Western Asset organization. The individuals responsible for development of investment strategy, day-to-day portfolio management, oversight and coordination of the Fund are S. Kenneth Leech, Michael C. Buchanan and Christopher F. Kilpatrick.

Q. What were the overall market conditions during the Fund’s reporting period?

A. Fixed income markets experienced periods of elevated volatility and, overall, modestly declined over the twelve-month reporting period ended September 30, 2021. Volatility was driven by a number of factors, including the repercussions from the COVID-19 pandemic, sharply falling and then rising global growth, inflation concerns, rising interest rates, and a number of geopolitical events. Most spread sectors (non-Treasuries) outperformed similar durationi Treasuries. This was driven by continued monetary policy accommodation from the Federal Reserve Board (the “Fed”)ii and the rollout of several COVID-19 vaccines which triggered increased investor risk appetite.

Short-term U.S. Treasury yields moved higher as economic conditions improved. The yield for the two-year Treasury note began the reporting period at 0.13% and ended the period at 0.28%. The low of 0.09% occurred on February 5, 2021, and the high of 0.31% took place on September 27 and September 28, 2021. In contrast, long-term U.S. Treasury yields moved sharply higher, as positive economic data triggered inflationary concerns and fears

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       1  


Fund overview (cont’d)

 

that the Fed may remove its monetary policy accommodations sooner than previously anticipated. The ten-year Treasury yield began the reporting period at 0.69%. The low of 0.68% occurred on October 1, 2020, and its high of 1.74% took place on March 19 and March 31, 2021. The ten-year Treasury yield then ended the period at 1.52%.

All told, the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Indexiii returned -0.90% for the twelve months ended September 30, 2021. For comparison purposes, riskier fixed income securities, including high-yield bonds and emerging market debt, produced stronger results. Over the fiscal year, the Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield — 2% Issuer Cap Indexiv and the JPMorgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global (“EMBI Global”)v returned 11.27% and 3.88%, respectively.

Q. How did we respond to these changing market conditions?

A. A number of adjustments were made to the Fund’s portfolio during the reporting period. From a regional perspective, we increased the Fund’s allocation to emerging markets (“EM”) while reducing its bank loan exposure. We felt EM would behave like a reopening sector and would perform well in an environment where commodity prices were increasing and vaccine availability was improving. From a sector perspective, we maintained our focus on reopening sectors, such as Autos and Transportation, as we felt they would benefit from a global economic reopening as the pandemic dissipated. Additionally, we added to the Fund’s Energy sector exposure, specifically in the Midstream space, given we felt these companies would benefit from higher commodity prices and more conservative capital allocation strategies.

Finally, we ended the period with a marginal overweight to duration of just 0.22 years. This was a slight increase versus our roughly neutral stance at the beginning of the reporting period.

Performance review

For the twelve months ended September 30, 2021, Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. returned 10.73% based on its net asset value (“NAV”)vi and 13.92% based on its New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) market price per share. The Fund’s unmanaged benchmark, the Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield — 2% Issuer Cap Index, returned 11.27% for the same period. The Lipper High Yield Closed-End Funds Category Averagevii returned 13.04% over the same time frame. Please note that Lipper performance returns are based on each fund’s NAV.

The Fund has a practice of seeking to maintain a relatively stable level of distributions to shareholders. This practice has no impact on the Fund’s investment strategy and may reduce the Fund’s NAV. The Fund’s manager believes the practice helps maintain the Fund’s competitiveness and may benefit the Fund’s market price and premium/discount to the Fund’s NAV.

 

2     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


During the twelve-month period, the Fund made distributions to shareholders totaling $0.37 per share of which $0.07 will be treated as a return of capital for tax purposes.* The performance table shows the Fund’s twelve-month total return based on its NAV and market price as of September 30, 2021. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

 

Performance Snapshot as of September 30, 2021      
Price Per Share   12-Month
Total Return**
 
$5.45 (NAV)     10.73 %† 
$5.19 (Market Price)     13.92 %‡ 

All figures represent past performance and are not a guarantee of future results.

** Total returns are based on changes in NAV or market price, respectively. Returns reflect the deduction of all Fund expenses, including management fees, operating expenses, and other Fund expenses. Returns do not reflect the deduction of brokerage commissions or taxes that investors may pay on distributions or the sale of shares.

† Total return assumes the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, at NAV.

‡ Total return assumes the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, in additional shares in accordance with the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan.

Q. What were the leading contributors to performance?

A. The largest contributor to the Fund’s absolute performance during the reporting period was our issuer selection. In particular, our issuer selection in the Energy, Industrials and Communication Services sectors were rewarded.

In the Energy space, overweight positions in Western Midstream Operating LP, Range Resources Corp., Oasis Petroleum, and Brazil’s EM issuer Petrobras Global Finance performed well. Almost all of these issuers were upgraded by at least one ratings agency and all have benefited from the move higher in commodity prices. In addition, Petrobras has been successful executing its strategy of selling assets to reduce debt. At the end of the reporting period, the rating agency Moody’s rewarded Petrobras with an upgrade to Ba1 on its unsecured debt.

Overweight positions in Delta Airlines and United Airlines (in the Industrials sector), Global Aircraft Leasing Co. (in the Financials sector) and Viking Cruises (in the Consumer Discretionary sector) were rewarded. Debt of these companies performed well as they all increased their liquidity and saw strong demand for their services given the global pent-up demand for travel and leisure.

Lastly, in the Communications Services sector, an overweight to DISH Communications (both unsecured DBS bonds and the holding company convertible bonds), as well as Altice

 

*

For the tax character of distributions paid during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, please refer to page 43 of this report.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       3  


Fund overview (cont’d)

 

France Holding SA, continued to be rewarded. Altice France posted positive fundamental results during the reporting period. DISH also continued to perform well fundamentally and has reduced its debt using free cash flow. The company is in the process of diversifying away from the pay TV space.

Q. What were the leading detractors from performance?

A. The largest detractor from absolute performance was the Fund’s quality biases. For example, our allocation to investment-grade corporate bonds was a headwind for returns, as they lagged the high-yield corporate bond market. The Fund would have benefited further from moving down in credit quality to higher levered and higher risk (beta) corporate credits.

From an issuer perspective, a handful of lower quality corporate underweights were not rewarded. Offshore driller Transocean was in bankruptcy at the beginning of the period, and we did not add a position when they exited the bankruptcy process. In addition, no exposure to aircraft manufacturer Bombardier, Inc. detracted from performance. Both of these issuers are rated CCC or lower by the rating agencies.

Finally, the Fund’s small overweight to duration was not beneficial and had a marginal negative impact on performance.

Looking for additional information?

The Fund is traded under the symbol “HIO” and its closing market price is available in most newspapers under the NYSE listings. The daily NAV is available online under the symbol “XHIOX” on most financial websites. Barron’s and The Wall Street Journal’s Monday edition both carry closed-end fund tables that provide additional information. In addition, the Fund issues a quarterly press release that can be found on most major financial websites as well as www.franklintempleton.com.

In a continuing effort to provide information concerning the Fund, shareholders may call 1-888-777-0102 (toll free), Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Eastern Time, for the Fund’s current NAV, market price and other information.

Thank you for your investment in Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. As always, we appreciate that you have chosen us to manage your assets and we remain focused on achieving the Fund’s investment goals.

Sincerely,

Western Asset Management Company, LLC

October 20, 2021

RISKS: The Fund is a diversified closed-end management investment company designed primarily as a long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program and, due to the uncertainty inherent in all investments, there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives. The Fund’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Similar to stocks, the Fund’s share price will fluctuate

 

4     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


with market conditions and, at the time of sale, may be worth more or less than the original investment. Shares of closed-end funds often trade at a discount to their net asset value. Diversification does not assure against market loss. The Fund’s investments are subject to a number of risks, such as credit risk, inflation risk and interest rate risk. The Fund may invest in lower-rated high-yield bonds, commonly known as “junk bonds,” which are subject to greater credit risk (risk of default) and liquidity risk than higher-rated obligations. The Fund is also permitted purchases of equity securities. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. As interest rates rise, bond prices fall, reducing the value of the Fund’s holdings. The Fund may use derivatives, such as options and futures, which can be illiquid, may disproportionately increase losses, and have a potentially large impact on Fund performance. In addition, the Fund may invest in foreign securities, which are subject to certain risks of overseas investing, including currency fluctuations and changes in political, social and economic conditions, which could result in significant fluctuations. These risks are magnified in emerging markets. Emerging market countries tend to have economic, political and legal systems that are less developed and are less stable than those of more developed countries. The Fund may also invest in money market funds, including funds affiliated with the Fund’s manager and subadviser. For more information on Fund risks, see Summary of information regarding the Fund -Principal Risk Factors in this report.

Portfolio holdings and breakdowns are as of September 30, 2021 and are subject to change and may not be representative of the portfolio managers’ current or future investments. Please refer to pages 10 through 25 for a list and percentage breakdown of the Fund’s holdings.

The mention of sector breakdowns is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a recommendation to purchase or sell any securities. The information provided regarding such sectors is not a sufficient basis upon which to make an investment decision. Investors seeking financial advice regarding the appropriateness of investing in any securities or investment strategies discussed should consult their financial professional. The Fund’s top five sector holdings (as a percentage of net assets) as of September 30, 2021 were: Energy (20.1%), Communication Services (17.0%), Consumer Discretionary (14.8%), Financials (12.9%) and Industrials (10.2%). The Fund’s portfolio composition is subject to change at any time.

All investments are subject to risk including the possible loss of principal. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. All index performance reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes. Please note that an investor cannot invest directly in an index.

The information provided is not intended to be a forecast of future events, a guarantee of future results or investment advice. Views expressed may differ from those of the firm as a whole.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       5  


Fund overview (cont’d)

 

i 

Duration is the measure of the price sensitivity of a fixed income security to an interest rate change of 100 basis points. Calculation is based on the weighted average of the present values for all cash flows.

 

ii 

The Federal Reserve Board (the “Fed”) is responsible for the formulation of U.S. policies designed to promote economic growth, full employment, stable prices, and a sustainable pattern of international trade and payments.

 

iii 

The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Index is a broad-based bond index comprised of government, corporate, mortgage-and asset-backed issues, rated investment grade or higher, and having at least one year to maturity.

 

iv 

The Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield — 2% Issuer Cap Index is an index of the 2% Issuer Cap component of the Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield Index, which covers the U.S. dollar-denominated, non-investment grade, fixed-rate, taxable corporate bond market.

 

v 

The JPMorgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global (“EMBI Global”) tracks total returns for U.S. dollar-denominated debt instruments issued by emerging market sovereign and quasi-sovereign entities: Brady bonds, loans, Eurobonds and local market instruments.

 

vi 

Net asset value (“NAV”) is calculated by subtracting total liabilities, including liabilities associated with financial leverage (if any), from the closing value of all securities held by the Fund (plus all other assets) and dividing the result (total net assets) by the total number of the common shares outstanding. The NAV fluctuates with changes in the market prices of securities in which the Fund has invested. However, the price at which an investor may buy or sell shares of the Fund is the Fund’s market price as determined by supply of and demand for the Fund’s shares.

 

vii 

Lipper, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Refinitiv, provides independent insight on global collective investments. Returns are based on the twelve-month period ended September 30, 2021, including the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, if any, calculated among the 10 funds in the Fund’s Lipper category.

 

6     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Fund at a glance (unaudited)

 

Investment breakdown (%) as a percent of total investments

 

LOGO

 

The bar graph above represents the composition of the Fund’s investments as of September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 and does not include derivatives, such as forward foreign currency contracts. The Fund is actively managed. As a result, the composition of the Fund’s investments is subject to change at any time.

 

Represents less than 0.1%.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       7  


Fund performance (unaudited)

 

Net Asset Value       
Average annual total returns1        
Twelve Months Ended 9/30/21      10.73
Five Years Ended 9/30/21      6.44  
Ten Years Ended 9/30/21      6.75  
Cumulative total returns1        
9/30/11 through 9/30/21      92.11

 

Market Price  
Average annual total returns2        
Twelve Months Ended 9/30/21      13.92
Five Years Ended 9/30/21      8.08  
Ten Years Ended 9/30/21      6.77  
Cumulative total returns2        
9/30/11 through 9/30/21      92.51

All figures represent past performance and are not a guarantee of future results. Returns reflect the deduction of all Fund expenses, including management fees, operating expenses, and other Fund expenses. Returns do not reflect the deduction of brokerage commissions or taxes that investors may pay on distributions or the sale of shares.

 

1 

Assumes the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, if any, at net asset value.

 

2 

Assumes the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, if any, in additional shares in accordance with the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan.

 

8     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Historical performance

Value of $10,000 invested in

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. vs. Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield — 2% Issuer Cap Index† — September 2011 - September 2021

 

LOGO

All figures represent past performance and are not a guarantee of future results. Returns reflect the deduction of all Fund expenses, including management fees, operating expenses, and other Fund expenses. Returns do not reflect the deduction of brokerage commissions or taxes that investors may pay on distributions or the sale of shares.

 

Hypothetical illustration of $10,000 invested in the Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. on September 30, 2011, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, if any, at net asset value and also assuming the reinvestment of all distributions, including returns of capital, if any, in additional shares in accordance with the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan through September 30, 2021. The hypothetical illustration also assumes a $10,000 investment in the Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield — 2% Issuer Cap Index. The Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield — 2% Issuer Cap Index (the “Index”) is an index of the 2% Issuer Cap component of the Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield Index, which covers the U.S. dollar denominated, non-investment grade, fixed-rate, taxable corporate bond market. The Index is unmanaged. Please note that an investor cannot invest directly in an index.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       9  


Schedule of investments

September 30, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  
Corporate Bonds & Notes — 90.4%                                
Communication Services — 15.2%                                

Diversified Telecommunication Services — 2.8%

 

                       

Altice France Holding SA, Senior Secured Notes

    10.500     5/15/27       3,590,000     $ 3,930,512  (a) 

Altice France SA, Senior Secured Notes

    7.375     5/1/26       4,777,000       4,962,586  (a) 

Altice France SA, Senior Secured Notes

    8.125     2/1/27       2,573,000       2,771,764  (a) 

Intelsat Jackson Holdings SA, Senior Secured Notes

    8.000     2/15/24       2,910,000       2,990,025  (a) 

Total Diversified Telecommunication Services

 

                    14,654,887  

Entertainment — 0.2%

                               

Netflix Inc., Senior Notes

    5.875     11/15/28       703,000       862,335  

Media — 8.2%

                               

CCO Holdings LLC/CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    5.125     5/1/27       3,321,000       3,462,342  (a) 

CCO Holdings LLC/CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    5.000     2/1/28       12,669,000       13,241,005  (a) 

CCO Holdings LLC/CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    4.500     8/15/30       380,000       392,529  (a) 

Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc., Senior Notes

    7.500     6/1/29       1,680,000       1,749,300  (a) 

DIRECTV Holdings LLC/DIRECTV Financing Co. Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    5.875     8/15/27       1,550,000       1,619,750  (a) 

DISH DBS Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     11/15/24       9,670,000       10,410,045  

DISH DBS Corp., Senior Notes

    7.750     7/1/26       8,126,000       9,186,240  

Univision Communications Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    9.500     5/1/25       2,070,000       2,249,324  (a) 

Total Media

                            42,310,535  

Wireless Telecommunication Services — 4.0%

 

                       

CSC Holdings LLC, Senior Notes

    5.375     2/1/28       1,870,000       1,956,488  (a) 

CSC Holdings LLC, Senior Notes

    6.500     2/1/29       490,000       531,258  (a) 

Sprint Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    6.875     11/15/28       2,190,000       2,805,937  

Sprint Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    8.750     3/15/32       5,910,000       8,836,100  

Sprint Communications Inc., Senior Notes

    11.500     11/15/21       3,770,000       3,817,125  

Sprint Corp., Senior Notes

    7.875     9/15/23       360,000       402,696  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

10     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Wireless Telecommunication Services — continued

 

                       

VEON Holdings BV, Senior Notes

    7.504     3/1/22       1,530,000     $ 1,571,570  (b) 

VEON Holdings BV, Senior Notes

    7.504     3/1/22       940,000       965,540  (a) 

Total Wireless Telecommunication Services

 

                    20,886,714  

Total Communication Services

                            78,714,471  
Consumer Discretionary — 14.8%                                

Auto Components — 2.4%

                               

Adient Global Holdings Ltd., Senior Notes

    4.875     8/15/26       3,529,000       3,617,296  (a) 

Adient US LLC, Senior Secured Notes

    9.000     4/15/25       1,080,000       1,167,750  (a) 

American Axle & Manufacturing Inc., Senior Notes

    6.500     4/1/27       4,523,000       4,720,881  

JB Poindexter & Co. Inc., Senior Notes

    7.125     4/15/26       2,728,000       2,874,630  (a) 

Total Auto Components

                            12,380,557  

Automobiles — 1.6%

                               

Ford Motor Co., Senior Notes

    9.000     4/22/25       3,280,000       3,948,398  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    3.813     10/12/21       200,000       200,350  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    4.250     9/20/22       1,955,000       2,001,920  

Ford Motor Credit Co. LLC, Senior Notes

    5.125     6/16/25       1,650,000       1,794,375  

General Motors Co., Senior Notes

    6.125     10/1/25       380,000       445,399  

Total Automobiles

                            8,390,442  

Diversified Consumer Services — 1.3%

                               

Service Corp. International, Senior Notes

    7.500     4/1/27       1,975,000       2,413,341  

StoneMor Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    8.500     5/15/29       4,320,000       4,444,265  (a) 

Total Diversified Consumer Services

                            6,857,606  

Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure — 8.5%

                               

Carnival Corp., Senior Notes

    7.625     3/1/26       670,000       716,063  (a) 

Carnival Corp., Senior Notes

    5.750     3/1/27       1,820,000       1,883,700  (a) 

Carrols Restaurant Group Inc., Senior Notes

    5.875     7/1/29       1,400,000       1,319,633  (a) 

Full House Resorts Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    8.250     2/15/28       960,000       1,033,263  (a) 

IRB Holding Corp., Senior Secured Notes

    7.000     6/15/25       1,230,000       1,307,459  (a) 

NCL Corp. Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    12.250     5/15/24       3,480,000       4,110,750  (a) 

NCL Corp. Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    10.250     2/1/26       2,400,000       2,757,960  (a) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       11  


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure — continued

 

                       

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.500     8/31/26       1,580,000     $ 1,626,128  (a) 

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.500     4/1/28       1,840,000       1,884,673  (a)  

Saga PLC, Senior Notes

    3.375     5/12/24       2,640,000  GBP      3,462,374  (b)  

Saga PLC, Senior Notes

    5.500     7/15/26       1,150,000  GBP      1,524,290  (b)  

Viking Cruises Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.875     9/15/27       2,061,000       1,997,789  (a)  

Viking Cruises Ltd., Senior Notes

    7.000     2/15/29       5,150,000       5,216,255  (a)  

Viking Cruises Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    13.000     5/15/25       1,200,000       1,383,000  (a)  

VOC Escrow Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    5.000     2/15/28       1,250,000       1,235,056  (a)  

Wheel Bidco Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    6.750     7/15/26       3,050,000  GBP      4,137,823  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    4.875     10/1/24       2,270,000       2,209,425  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.500     1/15/26       295,000       286,548  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.500     10/1/27       220,000       210,437  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.625     8/26/28       1,100,000       1,048,781  (a)  

Wynn Macau Ltd., Senior Notes

    5.125     12/15/29       700,000       659,036  (a)  

Wynn Resorts Finance LLC/Wynn Resorts Capital Corp., Senior Notes

    7.750     4/15/25       2,840,000       2,999,807  (a)  

Yum! Brands Inc., Senior Notes

    7.750     4/1/25       640,000       685,104  (a)  

Total Hotels, Restaurants & Leisure

                            43,695,354  

Specialty Retail — 0.8%

                               

Michaels Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    7.875     5/1/29       910,000       946,832  (a)  

Party City Holdings Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    8.750     2/15/26       1,030,000       1,078,997  (a)  

PetSmart Inc./PetSmart Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    7.750     2/15/29       500,000       546,278  (a)  

Sally Holdings LLC/Sally Capital Inc., Senior Notes

    5.625     12/1/25       1,590,000       1,630,958  

Total Specialty Retail

                            4,203,065  

Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods — 0.2%

                               

Hanesbrands Inc., Senior Notes

    4.875     5/15/26       756,000       819,723  (a)  

Hanesbrands Inc., Senior Notes

    4.875     5/15/26       300,000       325,287  (b)  

Total Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods

 

                    1,145,010  

Total Consumer Discretionary

                            76,672,034  
Consumer Staples — 1.9%                                

Food Products — 1.6%

                               

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    5.000     6/4/42       165,000       202,698  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

12     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Food Products — continued

                               

Kraft Heinz Foods Co., Senior Notes

    5.200     7/15/45       3,480,000     $ 4,366,132  

Pilgrim’s Pride Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     9/30/27       3,620,000       3,853,490  (a) 

Total Food Products

                            8,422,320  

Household Products — 0.3%

                               

Spectrum Brands Inc., Senior Notes

    5.750     7/15/25       1,210,000       1,241,763  

Total Consumer Staples

                            9,664,083  
Energy — 19.8%                                

Energy Equipment & Services — 0.2%

                               

Sunnova Energy Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     9/1/26       1,230,000       1,254,668  (a) 

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — 19.6%

                               

Apache Corp., Senior Notes

    5.100     9/1/40       1,480,000       1,659,420  

Blue Racer Midstream LLC/Blue Racer

                               

Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    7.625     12/15/25       730,000       790,225  (a)  

Continental Resources Inc., Senior Notes

    3.800     6/1/24       300,000       315,615  

Continental Resources Inc., Senior Notes

    4.375     1/15/28       220,000       243,650  

Continental Resources Inc., Senior Notes

    4.900     6/1/44       1,050,000       1,177,312  

Ecopetrol SA, Senior Notes

    6.875     4/29/30       1,380,000       1,617,015  

Energy Transfer LP, Junior Subordinated Notes (6.500% to 11/15/26 then 5 year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate + 5.694%)

    6.500     11/15/26       440,000       459,303  (c)(d) 

Energy Transfer LP, Junior Subordinated Notes (6.625% to 2/15/28 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 4.155%)

    6.625     2/15/28       3,110,000       3,036,137  (c)(d) 

Energy Transfer LP, Junior Subordinated Notes (6.750% to 5/15/25 then 5 year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate + 5.134%)

    6.750     5/15/25       4,150,000       4,253,750  (c)(d) 

Energy Transfer LP, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.125% to 5/15/30 then 5 year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate + 5.306%)

    7.125     5/15/30       2,880,000       3,027,600  (c)(d) 

EQM Midstream Partners LP, Senior Notes

    6.500     7/1/27       640,000       720,640  (a)  

EQT Corp., Senior Notes

    3.900     10/1/27       3,180,000       3,445,896  

EQT Corp., Senior Notes

    7.500     2/1/30       650,000       837,493  

Kinder Morgan Inc., Senior Notes

    7.750     1/15/32       6,920,000       9,937,029  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       13  


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
     Value  

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — continued

                                

MEG Energy Corp., Secured Notes

    6.500     1/15/25       608,000      $ 626,374  (a) 

NGPL PipeCo LLC, Senior Notes

    7.768     12/15/37       1,520,000        2,182,501  (a) 

Oasis Petroleum Inc., Senior Notes

    6.375     6/1/26       2,000,000        2,098,250  (a) 

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    2.900     8/15/24       1,330,000        1,355,469  

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     9/1/25       4,970,000        5,576,340  

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    5.550     3/15/26       750,000        833,475  

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    6.125     1/1/31       800,000        961,380  

Occidental Petroleum Corp., Senior Notes

    6.200     3/15/40       1,070,000        1,262,145  

Petrobras Global Finance BV, Senior Notes

    5.750     2/1/29       7,740,000        8,650,611  

Petrobras Global Finance BV, Senior Notes

    6.750     1/27/41       5,120,000        5,794,381  

Petroleos Mexicanos, Senior Notes

    6.375     1/23/45       1,000,000        851,805  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    5.000     8/15/22       405,000        412,723  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    5.000     3/15/23       750,000        779,063  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    4.875     5/15/25       790,000        835,070  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    9.250     2/1/26       6,445,000        7,033,428  

Range Resources Corp., Senior Notes

    8.250     1/15/29       620,000        698,306  (a)  

Rockies Express Pipeline LLC, Senior Notes

    6.875     4/15/40       1,140,000        1,267,577  (a) 

Targa Resources Partners LP/Targa Resources Partners Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     4/15/26       490,000        512,356  

Targa Resources Partners LP/Targa Resources Partners Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    6.500     7/15/27       670,000        723,252  

Targa Resources Partners LP/Targa Resources Partners Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    6.875     1/15/29       450,000        504,776  

Transportadora de Gas del Sur SA, Senior Notes

    6.750     5/2/25       1,920,000        1,794,202  (a) 

Western Midstream Operating LP, Senior Notes

    5.300     2/1/30       2,900,000        3,208,125  

Western Midstream Operating LP, Senior Notes

    5.300     3/1/48       1,070,000        1,235,256  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

14     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
     Value  

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — continued

                                

Western Midstream Operating LP, Senior Notes

    6.500     2/1/50       9,585,000      $ 11,296,929  

Williams Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    3.700     1/15/23       530,000        547,536  

Williams Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    4.550     6/24/24       1,030,000        1,124,073  

Williams Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    7.500     1/15/31       620,000        864,385  

Williams Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    5.750     6/24/44       3,190,000        4,208,843  

YPF SA, Senior Notes

    8.500     7/28/25       1,600,000        1,336,016  (a)  

YPF SA, Senior Notes

    6.950     7/21/27       1,530,000        1,130,999  (a)  

Total Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels

                             101,226,731  

Total Energy

                             102,481,399  
Financials — 12.9%                                 

Banks — 7.9%

                                

Bank of America Corp., Junior Subordinated Notes (6.500% to 10/23/24 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 4.174%)

    6.500     10/23/24       1,760,000        1,973,840  (c)(d)  

Barclays Bank PLC, Subordinated Notes

    7.625     11/21/22       488,000        523,241  

Barclays PLC, Junior Subordinated Notes (8.000% to 6/15/24 then 5 year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate + 5.672%)

    8.000     6/15/24       950,000        1,073,505  (c)(d)  

BBVA Bancomer SA, Subordinated Notes (5.125% to 1/17/28 then 5 year Treasury Constant Maturity Rate + 2.650%)

    5.125     1/18/33       3,410,000        3,559,682  (a)(d)  

BNP Paribas SA, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.375% to 8/19/25 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 5.150%)

    7.375     8/19/25       1,470,000        1,706,222  (a)(c)(d) 

Citigroup Inc., Junior Subordinated Notes (5.950% to 5/15/25 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.905%)

    5.950     5/15/25       2,740,000        2,996,875  (c)(d)  

Citigroup Inc., Junior Subordinated Notes (6.300% to 5/15/24 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.423%)

    6.300     5/15/24       5,510,000        5,961,820  (c)(d) 

Credit Agricole SA, Junior Subordinated Notes (8.125% to 12/23/25 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 6.185%)

    8.125     12/23/25       2,290,000        2,771,445  (a)(c)(d) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       15  


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Banks — continued

                               

HSBC Holdings PLC, Junior Subordinated Notes (6.000% to 5/22/27 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 3.746%)

    6.000     5/22/27       710,000     $ 780,112  (c)(d) 

Intesa Sanpaolo SpA, Subordinated Notes

    5.017     6/26/24       3,630,000       3,920,449  (a) 

Intesa Sanpaolo SpA, Subordinated Notes

    5.710     1/15/26       4,610,000       5,174,460  (a) 

JPMorgan Chase & Co., Junior Subordinated Notes (6.100% to 10/1/24 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 3.330%)

    6.100     10/1/24       2,520,000       2,740,311  (c)(d) 

NatWest Group PLC, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.648% to 9/30/31 then 3 mo. USD LIBOR + 2.500%)

    7.648     9/30/31       1,880,000       2,731,856  (c)(d) 

TC Ziraat Bankasi AS, Senior Notes

    5.125     9/29/23       2,040,000       2,078,937  (a) 

UniCredit SpA, Subordinated Notes (7.296% to 4/2/29 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 4.914%)

    7.296     4/2/34       2,270,000       2,753,882  (a)(d) 

Total Banks

                            40,746,637  

Capital Markets — 2.0%

                               

Credit Suisse Group AG, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.250% to 9/12/25 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 4.332%)

    7.250     9/12/25       4,320,000       4,789,152  (a)(c)(d) 

Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Subordinated Notes

    6.750     10/1/37       1,880,000       2,695,487  

UBS Group AG, Junior Subordinated Notes (7.000% to 1/31/24 then USD 5 year ICE Swap Rate + 4.344%)

    7.000     1/31/24       2,690,000       2,936,552  (a)(c)(d) 

Total Capital Markets

                            10,421,191  

Consumer Finance — 0.5%

                               

Navient Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     10/25/24       1,080,000       1,154,250  

Navient Corp., Senior Notes

    6.750     6/15/26       1,400,000       1,546,832  

Total Consumer Finance

                            2,701,082  

Diversified Financial Services — 2.2%

                               

GE Capital International Funding Co. Unlimited Co., Senior Notes

    3.373     11/15/25       600,000       650,645  

Global Aircraft Leasing Co. Ltd., Senior Notes (6.500% Cash or 7.250% PIK)

    6.500     9/15/24       6,497,928       6,392,337  (a)(e) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

16     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Diversified Financial Services — continued

 

                       

Huarong Finance 2017 Co. Ltd., Senior Notes (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 1.325%)

    1.455     7/3/23       880,000     $ 801,900  (b)(d) 

Huarong Finance 2019 Co. Ltd., Senior Notes

    2.500     2/24/23       1,220,000       1,162,050  (b)  

Huarong Finance 2019 Co. Ltd., Senior Notes

    2.125     9/30/23       1,090,000       1,019,150  (b)  

Huarong Finance II Co. Ltd., Senior Notes

    4.625     6/3/26       700,000       670,250  (b)  

Huarong Finance II Co. Ltd., Senior Notes

    4.875     11/22/26       650,000       629,687  (b)  

Total Diversified Financial Services

                            11,326,019  

Insurance — 0.3%

                               

MetLife Capital Trust IV, Junior Subordinated Notes

    7.875     12/15/37       1,010,000       1,406,334  (a) 

Total Financials

                            66,601,263  
Health Care — 8.1%                                

Health Care Equipment & Supplies — 0.3%

                               

Mozart Debt Merger Sub Inc., Senior Notes

    5.250     10/1/29       1,430,000       1,440,427  (a)(f) 

Health Care Providers & Services — 3.6%

                               

CHS/Community Health Systems Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    8.000     3/15/26       1,300,000       1,380,243  (a)  

HCA Inc., Senior Notes

    7.690     6/15/25       490,000       589,989  

HCA Inc., Senior Notes

    7.500     11/15/95       6,265,000       9,522,800  

Magellan Health Inc., Senior Notes

    4.900     9/22/24       2,055,000       2,260,500  

Tenet Healthcare Corp., Secured Notes

    6.250     2/1/27       2,500,000       2,596,875  (a)  

Tenet Healthcare Corp., Senior Secured Notes

    7.500     4/1/25       2,050,000       2,178,125  (a)  

Total Health Care Providers & Services

 

                    18,528,532  

Pharmaceuticals — 4.2%

                               

Bausch Health Americas Inc., Senior Notes

    8.500     1/31/27       1,160,000       1,237,082  (a)  

Bausch Health Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    6.125     4/15/25       5,178,000       5,291,398  (a)  

Bausch Health Cos. Inc., Senior Notes

    9.000     12/15/25       2,200,000       2,324,795  (a)  

Endo Luxembourg Finance Co. I Sarl/ Endo US Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    6.125     4/1/29       1,740,000       1,742,358  (a)  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Co. BV, Senior Notes

    2.950     12/18/22       3,980,000       4,014,825  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Netherlands III BV, Senior Notes

    2.800     7/21/23       2,460,000       2,448,413  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       17  


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Pharmaceuticals — continued

                               

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Netherlands III BV, Senior Notes

    6.000     4/15/24       3,510,000     $ 3,698,662  

Teva Pharmaceutical Finance Netherlands III BV, Senior Notes

    3.150     10/1/26       1,150,000       1,102,563  

Total Pharmaceuticals

                            21,860,096  

Total Health Care

                            41,829,055  
Industrials — 9.4%                                

Aerospace & Defense — 0.8%

                               

TransDigm Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    8.000     12/15/25       3,710,000       3,960,425  (a) 

Airlines — 6.5%

                               

American Airlines Inc./AAdvantage Loyalty IP Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    5.750     4/20/29       1,850,000       1,995,688  (a) 

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    3.625     3/15/22       2,510,000       2,532,392  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    3.800     4/19/23       4,660,000       4,852,279  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    2.900     10/28/24       2,580,000       2,642,689  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Notes

    7.375     1/15/26       720,000       848,613  

Delta Air Lines Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    7.000     5/1/25       6,330,000       7,384,777  (a) 

Hawaiian Brand Intellectual Property Ltd./HawaiianMiles Loyalty Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    5.750     1/20/26       460,000       481,850  (a) 

Mileage Plus Holdings LLC/Mileage Plus Intellectual Property Assets Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    6.500     6/20/27       2,620,000       2,852,420  (a) 

Spirit Loyalty Cayman Ltd./Spirit IP Cayman Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    8.000     9/20/25       3,965,999       4,452,825  (a) 

United Airlines Holdings Inc., Senior Notes

    4.250     10/1/22       4,850,000       4,951,547  

United Airlines Holdings Inc., Senior Notes

    5.000     2/1/24       800,000       825,408  

Total Airlines

                            33,820,488  

Building Products — 0.6%

                               

Standard Industries Inc., Senior Notes

    5.000     2/15/27       2,951,000       3,046,908  (a) 

Commercial Services & Supplies — 1.0%

                               

Allied Universal Holdco LLC/Allied Universal Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    6.000     6/1/29       1,000,000       988,120  (a) 

Allied Universal Holdco LLC/Allied Universal Finance Corp./Atlas Luxco 4 Sarl, Senior Secured Notes

    4.625     6/1/28       250,000       249,532  (a) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

18     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Commercial Services & Supplies — continued

 

                       

CoreCivic Inc., Senior Notes

    8.250     4/15/26       2,970,000     $ 3,033,439  

CoreCivic Inc., Senior Notes

    4.750     10/15/27       820,000       720,108  

Total Commercial Services & Supplies

 

                    4,991,199  

Machinery — 0.4%

                               

Park-Ohio Industries Inc., Senior Notes

    6.625     4/15/27       1,000,000       1,000,000  

Titan International Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    7.000     4/30/28       850,000       896,750  (a)  

Total Machinery

                            1,896,750  

Trading Companies & Distributors — 0.1%

 

                       

United Rentals North America Inc., Senior Notes

    5.500     5/15/27       750,000       788,160  

Total Industrials

                            48,503,930  
Information Technology — 1.8%                                

Communications Equipment — 1.0%

                               

CommScope Inc., Senior Notes

    8.250     3/1/27       4,760,000       4,988,361  (a)  

CommScope Technologies LLC, Senior Notes

    6.000     6/15/25       60,000       60,825  (a)  

Total Communications Equipment

                            5,049,186  

Software — 0.0%††

                               

Interface Special Holdings Inc., Senior Notes (19.000% PIK)

    19.000     11/1/23       2,734,286       0  *(e)(g)(h)(i)(j) 

Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals — 0.8%

 

                       

Dell International LLC/EMC Corp., Senior Notes

    7.125     6/15/24       1,040,000       1,064,820  (a)  

Seagate HDD Cayman, Senior Notes

    4.750     6/1/23       1,370,000       1,453,912  

Seagate HDD Cayman, Senior Notes

    4.750     1/1/25       670,000       734,487  

Seagate HDD Cayman, Senior Notes

    4.875     6/1/27       400,000       450,580  

Vericast Corp., Senior Secured Notes

    11.000     9/15/26       650,000       684,938  (a)  

Total Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals

 

            4,388,737  

Total Information Technology

                            9,437,923  
Materials — 4.6%                                

Chemicals — 0.1%

                               

LSB Industries Inc., Senior Secured Notes

    6.250     10/15/28       440,000       444,400  (a)(f)  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       19  


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Containers & Packaging — 0.6%

                               

ARD Finance SA, Senior Secured Notes (6.500% Cash or 7.250% PIK)

    6.500     6/30/27       2,073,000     $ 2,204,843  (a)(e) 

Trivium Packaging Finance BV, Senior Notes

    8.500     8/15/27       980,000       1,053,500  (a)  

Total Containers & Packaging

                            3,258,343  

Metals & Mining — 3.9%

                               

ArcelorMittal SA, Senior Notes

    7.000     10/15/39       2,960,000       4,180,882  

First Quantum Minerals Ltd., Senior Notes

    7.250     4/1/23       2,710,000       2,760,812  (a)  

Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Senior Notes

    3.550     3/1/22       550,000       552,406  

Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Senior Notes

    3.875     3/15/23       730,000       754,053  

Freeport-McMoRan Inc., Senior Notes

    5.450     3/15/43       4,280,000       5,275,100  

Teck Resources Ltd., Senior Notes

    6.000     8/15/40       1,050,000       1,365,427  

Vale Overseas Ltd., Senior Notes

    6.875     11/21/36       2,320,000       3,094,300  

Vale Overseas Ltd., Senior Notes

    6.875     11/10/39       1,500,000       2,031,375  

Total Metals & Mining

                            20,014,355  

Total Materials

                            23,717,098  
Real Estate — 1.0%                                

Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) — 0.1%

 

                       

Diversified Healthcare Trust, Senior Notes

    9.750     6/15/25       700,000       766,500  

Real Estate Management & Development — 0.9%

 

                       

China Aoyuan Group Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    6.350     2/8/24       1,770,000       1,531,942  (b)  

China SCE Group Holdings Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    6.000     2/4/26       1,230,000       1,105,464  (b)  

Yuzhou Group Holdings Co. Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    6.000     10/25/23       650,000       509,731  (b)  

Yuzhou Group Holdings Co. Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    8.500     2/26/24       750,000       596,285  (b)  

Yuzhou Group Holdings Co. Ltd., Senior Secured Notes

    8.375     10/30/24       1,250,000       966,784  (b)  

Total Real Estate Management & Development

 

                    4,710,206  

Total Real Estate

                            5,476,706  
Utilities — 0.9%                                

Electric Utilities — 0.2%

                               

Pampa Energia SA, Senior Notes

    7.500     1/24/27       1,100,000       1,015,850  (a) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

20     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Gas Utilities — 0.7%

                               

Suburban Propane Partners LP/ Suburban Energy Finance Corp., Senior Notes

    5.875     3/1/27       3,750,000     $ 3,921,619  

Total Utilities

                            4,937,469  

Total Corporate Bonds & Notes (Cost — $395,284,229)

 

            468,035,431  
Sovereign Bonds — 4.8%                                

Argentina — 0.7%

                               

Argentine Republic Government International Bond, Senior Notes

    1.000     7/9/29       280,362       107,241  

Provincia de Buenos Aires, Senior Notes, Step bond (3.900% to 9/1/22 then 5.250%)

    3.900     9/1/37       926,221       422,380  (a)  

Provincia de Cordoba, Senior Notes, Step bond (5.000% to 6/10/22 then 6.875%)

    5.000     12/10/25       1,500,000       1,148,850  (b)  

Provincia de Cordoba, Senior Notes, Step bond (5.000% to 6/10/22 then 6.875%)

    5.000     12/10/25       500,000       382,950  (a)  

Provincia de Cordoba, Senior Notes, Step bond (5.000% to 6/1/22 then 6.990%)

    5.000     6/1/27       2,660,000       1,822,127  (a)  

Total Argentina

                            3,883,548  

Brazil — 0.0%††

                               

Brazil Notas do Tesouro Nacional Serie F, Notes

    10.000     1/1/27       274,000  BRL       49,067  

Ecuador — 0.3%

                               

Ecuador Government International Bond, Senior Notes

    0.000     7/31/30       1,798,000       968,690  (a)  

Ecuador Government International Bond, Senior Notes, Step bond (5.000% to 7/31/22 then 5.500%)

    5.000     7/31/30       517,000       435,578  (a)  

Total Ecuador

                            1,404,268  

Ghana — 0.2%

                               

Ghana Government International Bond, Senior Notes

    7.625     5/16/29       1,000,000       952,670  (a) 

Indonesia — 0.5%

                               

Indonesia Treasury Bond

    6.500     2/15/31       36,017,000,000  IDR      2,547,299  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       21  


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate     Maturity
Date
    Face
Amount†
    Value  

Mexico — 1.4%

                               

Mexican Bonos, Senior Notes

    7.750     11/23/34       120,620,000  MXN    $ 5,960,790  

Mexican Bonos, Senior Notes

    7.750     11/13/42       25,550,000  MXN      1,226,053  

Total Mexico

                            7,186,843  

Russia — 1.7%

                               

Russian Federal Bond — OFZ

    7.000     1/25/23       110,080,000  RUB      1,509,487  

Russian Federal Bond — OFZ

    7.750     9/16/26       315,370,000  RUB      4,450,457  

Russian Federal Bond — OFZ

    6.900     5/23/29       198,450,000  RUB      2,687,699  

Total Russia

                            8,647,643  

Total Sovereign Bonds (Cost — $25,380,244)

 

                    24,671,338  
Senior Loans — 1.7%                                
Communication Services — 1.2%                                

Media — 1.2%

                               

DIRECTV Financing LLC, Closing Date Term Loan (the greater of 3 mo. USD LIBOR or 0.750% + 5.000%)

    5.750     8/2/27       6,390,000       6,401,310  (d)(k)(l) 
Industrials — 0.5%                                

Airlines — 0.5%

                               

United Airlines Inc., Term Loan B (the greater of 1 mo. USD LIBOR or 0.750% + 3.750%)

    4.500     4/21/28       2,587,000       2,610,671  (d)(k)(l) 

Total Senior Loans (Cost — $8,876,624)

                            9,011,981  
Convertible Bonds & Notes — 0.9%                                
Communication Services — 0.6%                                

Media — 0.6%

                               

DISH Network Corp., Senior Notes

    3.375     8/15/26       2,800,000       2,917,600  
Industrials — 0.3%                                

Airlines — 0.3%

                               

Spirit Airlines Inc., Senior Notes

    1.000     5/15/26       1,880,000       1,770,802  

Total Convertible Bonds & Notes (Cost — $4,075,189)

 

            4,688,402  
Asset-Backed Securities — 0.6%                                

Magnetite XII Ltd., 2015-12A ER (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 5.680%) (Cost — $3,351,129)

    5.806     10/15/31       3,400,000       3,366,503  (a)(d) 

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

22     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)

 

Security   Rate            Shares     Value  
Convertible Preferred Stocks — 0.3%                                
Energy — 0.3%                                

Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels — 0.3%

                               

Targa Resources Corp., Non Voting Shares
(Cost — $1,312,500)

    9.500             1,250     $ 1,351,197  
Preferred Stocks — 0.0%††                                
Financials — 0.0%††                                

Banks — 0.0%††

                               

GMAC Capital Trust I, Non Voting Shares (3 mo. USD LIBOR + 5.785%) (Cost — $167,044)

    5.910             9,501       239,805  (d)  
            Expiration
Date
    Warrants         
Warrants — 0.0%††                                

EG Acquisition Corp., Class A Shares (Cost — $20,515)

            5/28/28       21,426       12,644  * 
                   Shares         
Common Stocks — 0.0%††                                
Energy — 0.0%††                                

Energy Equipment & Services — 0.0%††

                               

Hercules Offshore Inc. (Escrow)

                    87,452       11,309  *(h)(i)  

KCAD Holdings I Ltd.

                    427,421,041       0  *(h)(i)(j)  

Total Common Stocks (Cost — $6,712,158)

 

            11,309  

Total Investments before Short-Term Investments (Cost — $445,179,632)

 

    511,388,610  
     Rate                       
Short-Term Investments — 0.2%                                

Western Asset Premier Institutional Government Reserves, Premium Shares (Cost — $702,057)

    0.010             702,057       702,057  (m)  

Total Investments — 98.9% (Cost — $445,881,689)

 

            512,090,667  

Other Assets in Excess of Liabilities — 1.1%

 

            5,875,993  

Total Net Assets — 100.0%

                          $ 517,966,660  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       23  


Schedule of investments (cont’d)

September 30, 2021

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Face amount denominated in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.

 

††

Represents less than 0.1%.

 

*

Non-income producing security.

 

(a) 

Security is exempt from registration under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. This security may be resold in transactions that are exempt from registration, normally to qualified institutional buyers. This security has been deemed liquid pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.

 

(b) 

Security is exempt from registration under Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933. Regulation S applies to securities offerings that are made outside of the United States and do not involve direct selling efforts in the United States. This security has been deemed liquid pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.

 

(c) 

Security has no maturity date. The date shown represents the next call date.

 

(d) 

Variable rate security. Interest rate disclosed is as of the most recent information available. Certain variable rate securities are not based on a published reference rate and spread but are determined by the issuer or agent and are based on current market conditions. These securities do not indicate a reference rate and spread in their description above.

 

(e) 

Payment-in-kind security for which the issuer has the option at each interest payment date of making interest payments in cash or additional securities.

 

(f) 

Securities traded on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis.

 

(g) 

The coupon payment on this security is currently in default as of September 30, 2021.

 

(h) 

Security is valued in good faith in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Directors (Note 1).

 

(i) 

Security is valued using significant unobservable inputs (Note 1).

 

(j) 

Value is less than $1.

 

(k) 

Interest rates disclosed represent the effective rates on senior loans. Ranges in interest rates are attributable to multiple contracts under the same loan.

 

(l) 

Senior loans may be considered restricted in that the Fund ordinarily is contractually obligated to receive approval from the agent bank and/or borrower prior to the disposition of a senior loan.

 

(m) 

In this instance, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, an “Affiliated Company” represents Fund ownership of at least 5% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer, or a company which is under common ownership or control with the Fund. At September 30, 2021, the total market value of investments in Affiliated Companies was $702,057 and the cost was $702,057 (Note 8).

 

Abbreviation(s) used in this schedule:

BRL   — Brazilian Real
GBP   — British Pound
ICE   — Intercontinental Exchange
IDR   — Indonesian Rupiah
LIBOR   — London Interbank Offered Rate
MXN   — Mexican Peso
OFZ   — Obligatsyi Federal’novo Zaima (Russian Federal Loan Obligation)
PIK   Payment-In-Kind
RUB   — Russian Ruble
USD   — United States Dollar

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

24     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

At September 30, 2021, the Fund had the following open forward foreign currency contracts:

 

Currency
Purchased
    Currency
Sold
    Counterparty   Settlement
Date
    Unrealized
Appreciation
(Depreciation)
 
USD     59,597     EUR     50,174     BNP Paribas SA     10/19/21     $ 1,457  
CAD     470     USD     374     Citibank N.A.     10/19/21       (3)  
USD     1,450,607     GBP     1,050,000     Citibank N.A.     10/19/21       35,804  
GBP     374,562     USD     515,806     Goldman Sachs Group Inc.     10/19/21       (11,109)  
USD     549,061     GBP     400,000     Goldman Sachs Group Inc.     10/19/21       10,089  
USD     1,100,816     GBP     800,000     Goldman Sachs Group Inc.     10/19/21       22,872  
USD     2,265,673     GBP     1,680,000     Goldman Sachs Group Inc.     10/19/21       1,990  
USD     4,739,234     GBP     3,423,810     Goldman Sachs Group Inc.     10/19/21       125,888  
USD     202,183     EUR     170,000     Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc.     10/19/21       5,192  
Total                                   $ 192,180  

 

Abbreviation(s) used in this table:

CAD   — Canadian Dollar
EUR   — Euro
GBP   — British Pound
USD   — United States Dollar

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       25  


Statement of assets and liabilities

September 30, 2021

 

Assets:         

Investments in unaffiliated securities, at value (Cost — $445,179,632)

   $ 511,388,610  

Investments in affiliated securities, at value (Cost — $702,057)

     702,057  

Foreign currency, at value (Cost — $596,062)

     582,213  

Cash

     174,729  

Interest and dividends receivable

     7,741,586  

Receivable for securities sold

     5,791,064  

Unrealized appreciation on forward foreign currency contracts

     203,292  

Prepaid expenses

     11,396  

Total Assets

     526,594,947  
Liabilities:         

Payable for securities purchased

     5,196,099  

Distributions payable

     2,852,976  

Investment management fee payable

     343,813  

Directors’ fees payable

     29,119  

Unrealized depreciation on forward foreign currency contracts

     11,112  

Accrued expenses

     195,168  

Total Liabilities

     8,628,287  
Total Net Assets    $ 517,966,660  
Net Assets:         

Par value ($0.001 par value; 95,099,215 shares issued and outstanding; 500,000,000 shares authorized)

   $ 95,099  

Paid-in capital in excess of par value

     599,467,747  

Total distributable earnings (loss)

     (81,596,186)  
Total Net Assets    $ 517,966,660  
Shares Outstanding      95,099,215  
Net Asset Value      $5.45  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

26     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Statement of operations

For the Year Ended September 30, 2021

 

Investment Income:         

Dividends

   $ 231,355  

Interest from unaffiliated investments

     36,240,208  

Interest from affiliated investments

     211  

Less: Foreign taxes withheld

     (167,449)  

Total Investment Income

     36,304,325  
Expenses:         

Investment management fee (Note 2)

     4,329,889  

Transfer agent fees

     190,786  

Directors’ fees

     189,465  

Audit and tax fees

     53,566  

Stock exchange listing fees

     52,937  

Legal fees

     38,783  

Shareholder reports

     17,278  

Custody fees

     10,488  

Insurance

     8,964  

Fund accounting fees

     8,000  

Interest expense

     1,753  

Miscellaneous expenses

     4,006  

Total Expenses

     4,905,915  

Less: Fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements (Note 2)

     (91,911)  

Net Expenses

     4,814,004  
Net Investment Income      31,490,321  
Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments, Futures Contracts,
Forward Foreign Currency Contracts and Foreign Currency Transactions (Notes 1, 3 and 4):
  

Net Realized Gain (Loss) From:

        

Investment transactions in unaffiliated securities

     13,473,948 † 

Futures contracts

     (79,691)  

Forward foreign currency contracts

     (375,626)  

Foreign currency transactions

     17,909  

Net Realized Gain

     13,036,540  

Change in Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) From:

        

Investments in unaffiliated securities

     11,553,598  

Forward foreign currency contracts

     364,544  

Foreign currencies

     (18,238)  

Change in Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation)

     11,899,904  
Net Gain on Investments, Futures Contracts, Forward Foreign Currency Contracts and Foreign Currency Transactions      24,936,444  
Increase in Net Assets From Operations    $ 56,426,765  

 

Net of foreign capital gains tax of $30,806.

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       27  


Statements of changes in net assets

 

For the Years Ended September 30,    2021      2020  
Operations:                  

Net investment income

   $ 31,490,321      $ 42,746,136  

Net realized gain (loss)

     13,036,540        (33,989,517)  

Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation)

     11,899,904        9,396,627  

Increase in Net Assets From Operations

     56,426,765        18,153,246  
Distributions to Shareholders From (Note 1):                  

Total distributable earnings

     (30,044,235)        (39,482,188)  

Return of capital

     (6,410,464)        (9,354,366)  

Decrease in Net Assets From Distributions to Shareholders

     (36,454,699)        (48,836,554)  
Fund Share Transactions:                  

Cost of shares repurchased (0 and 1,150,582 shares repurchased, respectively) (Note 7)

            (4,227,008)  

Cost of shares repurchased through tender offer (31,699,738 and 0 shares repurchased, respectively) (Note 5)

     (170,227,593)         

Decrease in Net Assets From Fund Share Transactions

     (170,227,593)        (4,227,008)  
Capital Contributions:                  

Capital contributions

            20,487  

Decrease in Net Assets

     (150,255,527)        (34,889,829)  
Net Assets:                  

Beginning of year

     668,222,187        703,112,016  

End of year

   $ 517,966,660      $ 668,222,187  

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

28     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Financial highlights

 

For a share of capital stock outstanding throughout each year ended September 30:  
     20211     20201     20191     20181     20171  
Net asset value, beginning of year     $5.27       $5.50       $5.44       $5.65       $5.55  
Income (loss) from operations:          

Net investment income

    0.32       0.34       0.35       0.33       0.35  

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)

    0.22       (0.20)       0.04       (0.21)       0.12  

Total income from operations

    0.54       0.14       0.39       0.12       0.47  
Less distributions from:          

Net investment income

    (0.30)       (0.31)       (0.34)       (0.33)       (0.36)  

Return of capital

    (0.07)       (0.07)                   (0.01)  

Total distributions

    (0.37)       (0.38)       (0.34)       (0.33)       (0.37)  

Anti-dilutive impact of repurchase plan

          0.01 2       0.01 2       0.00 2,3       

Anti-dilutive impact of tender offer

    0.01 4                          

Capital contributions

          0.00 3                    
Net asset value, end of year     $5.45       $5.27       $5.50       $5.44       $5.65  
Market price, end of year     $5.19       $4.90       $5.05       $4.76       $5.13  

Total return, based on NAV5,6

    10.73     3.13 %7      7.63     2.15     8.81

Total return, based on Market Price8

    13.92     5.05     13.72     (0.84)     9.28
Net assets, end of year (millions)     $518       $668       $703       $703       $730  
Ratios to average net assets:          

Gross expenses

    0.91     1.01 %9      0.88     0.89     0.92 %10 

Net expenses

    0.89 11,12      0.99 9,11      0.86 11      0.89       0.92 10 

Net investment income

    5.82       6.35       6.46       6.00       6.19  
Portfolio turnover rate     46     63     83     104     79

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       29  


Financial highlights (cont’d)

 

1 

Per share amounts have been calculated using the average shares method.

 

2 

The repurchase plan was completed at an average repurchase price of $3.67 for 1,150,582 shares and $4,227,008 for the year ended September 30, 2020, an average repurchase price of $4.53 for 1,186,747 shares and $5,381,207 for the year ended September 30, 2019 and an average repurchase price of $4.82 for 95,929 shares and $462,283 for the year ended September 30, 2018.

 

3 

Amount represents less than $0.005 per share.

 

4 

The tender offer was completed at a price of $5.37 for 31,699,738 shares and $170,227,593 for the year ended September 30, 2021.

 

5 

Performance figures may reflect compensating balance arrangements, fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. In the absence of compensating balance arrangements, fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements, the total return would have been lower. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

 

6 

The total return calculation assumes that distributions are reinvested at NAV. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

 

7 

Includes the effect of a capital contribution. Absent the capital contribution, the total return would have been unchanged.

 

8 

The total return calculation assumes that distributions are reinvested in accordance with the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

 

9 

Included in the expense ratios are certain non-recurring legal and transfer agent fees that were incurred by the Fund during the period. Without these fees, the gross and net expense ratios would have been 0.92% and 0.90%, respectively.

 

10 

Included in the expense ratios are certain non-recurring reorganization fees that were incurred by the Fund during the period. Without these fees, the gross and net expense ratios would both have been 0.90%.

 

11 

Reflects fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements.

 

12 

The manager has agreed to waive the Fund’s management fee to an extent sufficient to offset the net management fee payable in connection with any investment in an affiliated money market fund.

 

See Notes to Financial Statements.

 

30     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Notes to financial statements

 

1. Organization and significant accounting policies

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (the “Fund”) was incorporated in Maryland and is registered as a diversified, closed-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund seeks high current income. Capital appreciation is a secondary objective. In seeking to fulfill its investment objectives, the Fund invests, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets in high-yield securities and up to 20% in common stock equivalents, including options, warrants and rights.

The following are significant accounting policies consistently followed by the Fund and are in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Estimates and assumptions are required to be made regarding assets, liabilities and changes in net assets resulting from operations when financial statements are prepared. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets and any other parameters used in determining these estimates could cause actual results to differ. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date the financial statements were issued.

(a) Investment valuation. The valuations for fixed income securities (which may include, but are not limited to, corporate, government, municipal, mortgage-backed, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities) and certain derivative instruments are typically the prices supplied by independent third party pricing services, which may use market prices or broker/dealer quotations or a variety of valuation techniques and methodologies. The independent third party pricing services typically use inputs that are observable such as issuer details, interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, credit risks/spreads, default rates and quoted prices for similar securities. Investments in open-end funds are valued at the closing net asset value per share of each fund on the day of valuation. Futures contracts are valued daily at the settlement price established by the board of trade or exchange on which they are traded. Equity securities for which market quotations are available are valued at the last reported sales price or official closing price on the primary market or exchange on which they trade. When the Fund holds securities or other assets that are denominated in a foreign currency, the Fund will normally use the currency exchange rates as of 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time). If independent third party pricing services are unable to supply prices for a portfolio investment, or if the prices supplied are deemed by the manager to be unreliable, the market price may be determined by the manager using quotations from one or more broker/dealers or at the transaction price if the security has recently been purchased and no value has yet been obtained from a pricing service or pricing broker. When reliable prices are not readily available, such as when the value of a security has been significantly affected by events after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded, but before the Fund calculates its net asset value, the Fund values these securities as determined in accordance with procedures approved by the Fund’s Board of Directors.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       31  


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

The Board of Directors is responsible for the valuation process and has delegated the supervision of the daily valuation process to the Global Fund Valuation Committee (formerly known as Legg Mason North Atlantic Fund Valuation Committee prior to March 1, 2021) (the “Valuation Committee”). The Valuation Committee, pursuant to the policies adopted by the Board of Directors, is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the Fund’s pricing policies, and reporting to the Board of Directors. When determining the reliability of third party pricing information for investments owned by the Fund, the Valuation Committee, among other things, conducts due diligence reviews of pricing vendors, monitors the daily change in prices and reviews transactions among market participants.

The Valuation Committee will consider pricing methodologies it deems relevant and appropriate when making fair value determinations. Examples of possible methodologies include, but are not limited to, multiple of earnings; discount from market of a similar freely traded security; discounted cash-flow analysis; book value or a multiple thereof; risk premium/yield analysis; yield to maturity; and/or fundamental investment analysis. The Valuation Committee will also consider factors it deems relevant and appropriate in light of the facts and circumstances. Examples of possible factors include, but are not limited to, the type of security; the issuer’s financial statements; the purchase price of the security; the discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase; analysts’ research and observations from financial institutions; information regarding any transactions or offers with respect to the security; the existence of merger proposals or tender offers affecting the security; the price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable companies; and the existence of a shelf registration for restricted securities.

For each portfolio security that has been fair valued pursuant to the policies adopted by the Board of Directors, the fair value price is compared against the last available and next available market quotations. The Valuation Committee reviews the results of such back testing monthly and fair valuation occurrences are reported to the Board of Directors quarterly.

The Fund uses valuation techniques to measure fair value that are consistent with the market approach and/or income approach, depending on the type of security and the particular circumstance. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable securities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to discount estimated future cash flows to present value.

 

32     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


GAAP establishes a disclosure hierarchy that categorizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to value assets and liabilities at measurement date. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:

 

 

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical investments

 

 

Level 2 — other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)

 

 

Level 3 — significant unobservable inputs (including the Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments)

The inputs or methodologies used to value securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities.

The following is a summary of the inputs used in valuing the Fund’s assets and liabilities carried at fair value:

 

ASSETS  
Description   Quoted Prices
(Level 1)
    Other Significant
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(Level 3)

    Total  
Long-Term Investments†:                                

Corporate Bonds & Notes:

                               

Information Technology

        $ 9,437,923     $ 0   $ 9,437,923  

Other Corporate Bonds & Notes

          458,597,508             458,597,508  

Sovereign Bonds

          24,671,338             24,671,338  

Senior Loans

          9,011,981             9,011,981  

Convertible Bonds & Notes

          4,688,402             4,688,402  

Asset-Backed Securities

          3,366,503             3,366,503  

Convertible Preferred Stocks

          1,351,197             1,351,197  

Preferred Stocks

  $ 239,805                   239,805  

Warrants

    12,644                   12,644  

Common Stocks

                11,309       11,309  
Total Long-Term Investments     252,449       511,124,852       11,309       511,388,610  
Short-Term Investments†     702,057                   702,057  
Total Investments   $ 954,506     $ 511,124,852     $ 11,309     $ 512,090,667  
Other Financial Instruments:                                

Forward Foreign Currency Contracts††

        $ 203,292           $ 203,292  
Total   $ 954,506     $ 511,328,144     $ 11,309     $ 512,293,959  

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       33  


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

LIABILITIES  
Description   Quoted Prices
(Level 1)
    Other Significant
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(Level 3)

    Total  
Other Financial Instruments:                                

Forward Foreign Currency Contracts††

        $ 11,112           $ 11,112  

 

See Schedule of Investments for additional detailed categorizations.

 

*

Amount represents less than $1.

 

††

Reflects the unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of the instruments.

(b) Futures contracts. The Fund uses futures contracts generally to gain exposure to, or hedge against, changes in interest rates or gain exposure to, or hedge against, changes in certain asset classes. A futures contract represents a commitment for the future purchase or sale of an asset at a specified price on a specified date.

Upon entering into a futures contract, the Fund is required to deposit cash or securities with a broker in an amount equal to a certain percentage of the contract amount. This is known as the ‘‘initial margin’’ and subsequent payments (‘‘variation margin’’) are made or received by the Fund each day, depending on the daily fluctuation in the value of the contract. For certain futures, including foreign denominated futures, variation margin is not settled daily, but is recorded as a net variation margin payable or receivable. The daily changes in contract value are recorded as unrealized appreciation or depreciation in the Statement of Operations and the Fund recognizes a realized gain or loss when the contract is closed.

Futures contracts involve, to varying degrees, risk of loss in excess of the amounts reflected in the financial statements. In addition, there is the risk that the Fund may not be able to enter into a closing transaction because of an illiquid secondary market.

(c) Forward foreign currency contracts. The Fund enters into a forward foreign currency contract to hedge against foreign currency exchange rate risk on its non-U.S. dollar denominated securities or to facilitate settlement of a foreign currency denominated portfolio transaction. A forward foreign currency contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a currency at a set price with delivery and settlement at a future date. The contract is marked-to-market daily and the change in value is recorded by the Fund as an unrealized gain or loss. When a forward foreign currency contract is closed, through either delivery or offset by entering into another forward foreign currency contract, the Fund recognizes a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value of the contract at the time it is closed.

Non-deliverable forward foreign currency exchange contracts are settled with the counterparty in cash without the delivery of foreign currency.

Forward foreign currency contracts involve elements of market risk in excess of the amounts reflected on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. The Fund bears the risk of an

 

34     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


unfavorable change in the foreign exchange rate underlying the forward foreign currency contract. Risks may also arise upon entering into these contracts from the potential inability of the counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts.

(d) Loan participations. The Fund may invest in loans arranged through private negotiation between one or more financial institutions. The Fund’s investment in any such loan may be in the form of a participation in or an assignment of the loan. In connection with purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement related to the loan, or any rights of off-set against the borrower and the Fund may not benefit directly from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation.

The Fund assumes the credit risk of the borrower, the lender that is selling the participation and any other persons interpositioned between the Fund and the borrower. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling the participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any off-set between the lender and the borrower.

(e) Securities traded on a when-issued and delayed delivery basis. The Fund may trade securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. In when-issued and delayed delivery transactions, the securities are purchased or sold by the Fund with payment and delivery taking place in the future in order to secure what is considered to be an advantageous price and yield to the Fund at the time of entering into the transaction.

Purchasing such securities involves risk of loss if the value of the securities declines prior to settlement. These securities are subject to market fluctuations and their current value is determined in the same manner as for other securities.

(f) Inflation-indexed bonds. Inflation-indexed bonds are fixed income securities whose principal value or interest rate is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. As the index measuring inflation changes, the principal value or interest rate of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted accordingly. Inflation adjustments to the principal amount of inflation-indexed bonds are reflected as an increase or decrease to investment income on the Statement of Operations. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds. For bonds that do not provide a similar guarantee, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

(g) Foreign currency translation. Investment securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar amounts based upon prevailing exchange rates on the date of valuation. Purchases and sales of investment securities and income and expense items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar amounts based upon prevailing exchange rates on the respective dates of such transactions.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       35  


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

The Fund does not isolate that portion of the results of operations resulting from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on investments from the fluctuations arising from changes in market prices of securities held. Such fluctuations are included with the net realized and unrealized gain or loss on investments.

Net realized foreign exchange gains or losses arise from sales of foreign currencies, including gains and losses on forward foreign currency contracts, currency gains or losses realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions, and the difference between the amounts of dividends, interest, and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Fund’s books and the U.S. dollar equivalent of the amounts actually received or paid. Net unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses arise from changes in the values of assets and liabilities, other than investments in securities, on the date of valuation, resulting from changes in exchange rates.

Foreign security and currency transactions may involve certain considerations and risks not typically associated with those of U.S. dollar denominated transactions as a result of, among other factors, the possibility of lower levels of governmental supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets and the possibility of political or economic instability.

(h) Credit and market risk. The Fund invests in high-yield and emerging market instruments that are subject to certain credit and market risks. The yields of high-yield and emerging market debt obligations reflect, among other things, perceived credit and market risks. The Fund’s investments in securities rated below investment grade typically involve risks not associated with higher rated securities including, among others, greater risk related to timely and ultimate payment of interest and principal, greater market price volatility and less liquid secondary market trading. The consequences of political, social, economic or diplomatic changes may have disruptive effects on the market prices of investments held by the Fund. The Fund’s investments in non-U.S. dollar denominated securities may also result in foreign currency losses caused by devaluations and exchange rate fluctuations.

(i) Foreign investment risks. The Fund’s investments in foreign securities may involve risks not present in domestic investments. Since securities may be denominated in foreign currencies, may require settlement in foreign currencies or may pay interest or dividends in foreign currencies, changes in the relationship of these foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar can significantly affect the value of the investments and earnings of the Fund. Foreign investments may also subject the Fund to foreign government exchange restrictions, expropriation, taxation or other political, social or economic developments, all of which affect the market and/or credit risk of the investments.

(j) Counterparty risk and credit-risk-related contingent features of derivative instruments. The Fund may invest in certain securities or engage in other transactions where the Fund is exposed to counterparty credit risk in addition to broader market risks.

 

36     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


The Fund may invest in securities of issuers, which may also be considered counterparties as trading partners in other transactions. This may increase the risk of loss in the event of default or bankruptcy by the counterparty or if the counterparty otherwise fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Fund’s subadviser attempts to mitigate counterparty risk by (i) periodically assessing the creditworthiness of its trading partners, (ii) monitoring and/or limiting the amount of its net exposure to each individual counterparty based on its assessment and (iii) requiring collateral from the counterparty for certain transactions. Market events and changes in overall economic conditions may impact the assessment of such counterparty risk by the subadviser. In addition, declines in the values of underlying collateral received may expose the Fund to increased risk of loss.

With exchange traded and centrally cleared derivatives, there is less counterparty risk to the Fund since the exchange or clearinghouse, as counterparty to such instruments, guarantees against a possible default. The clearinghouse stands between the buyer and the seller of the contract; therefore, the credit risk is limited to failure of the clearinghouse. While offset rights may exist under applicable law, the Fund does not have a contractual right of offset against a clearing broker or clearinghouse in the event of a default of the clearing broker or clearinghouse.

The Fund has entered into master agreements, such as an International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreement (“ISDA Master Agreement”) or similar agreement, with certain of its derivative counterparties that govern over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives and provide for general obligations, representations, agreements, collateral posting terms, netting provisions in the event of default or termination and credit related contingent features. The credit related contingent features include, but are not limited to, a percentage decrease in the Fund’s net assets or net asset value per share over a specified period of time. If these credit related contingent features were triggered, the derivatives counterparty could terminate the positions and demand payment or require additional collateral.

Under an ISDA Master Agreement, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, offset with the counterparty certain derivative financial instruments’ payables and/or receivables with collateral held and/or posted and create one single net payment. However, absent an event of default by the counterparty or a termination of the agreement, the terms of the ISDA Master Agreements do not result in an offset of reported amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities across transactions between the Fund and the applicable counterparty. The enforceability of the right to offset may vary by jurisdiction.

Collateral requirements differ by type of derivative. Collateral or margin requirements are set by the broker or exchange clearinghouse for exchange traded derivatives while collateral terms are contract specific for OTC traded derivatives. Cash collateral that has been pledged to cover obligations of the Fund under derivative contracts, if any, will be

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       37  


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

reported separately in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Securities pledged as collateral, if any, for the same purpose are noted in the Schedule of Investments.

As of September 30, 2021, the Fund held forward foreign currency contracts with credit related contingent features which had a liability position of $11,112. If a contingent feature in the master agreements would have been triggered, the Fund would have been required to pay this amount to its derivative counterparties.

(k) Security transactions and investment income. Security transactions are accounted for on a trade date basis. Interest income (including interest income from payment-in-kind securities), adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount, is recorded on the accrual basis. Paydown gains and losses on mortgage- and asset-backed securities are recorded as adjustments to interest income. Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date for dividends received in cash and/or securities. Foreign dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date or as soon as practicable after the Fund determines the existence of a dividend declaration after exercising reasonable due diligence. The cost of investments sold is determined by use of the specific identification method. To the extent any issuer defaults or a credit event occurs that impacts the issuer, the Fund may halt any additional interest income accruals and consider the realizability of interest accrued up to the date of default or credit event.

(l) Distributions to shareholders. Distributions from net investment income of the Fund, if any, are declared quarterly and paid on a monthly basis. Distributions of net realized gains, if any, are declared at least annually. Distributions to shareholders of the Fund are recorded on the ex-dividend date and are determined in accordance with income tax regulations, which may differ from GAAP.

(m) Compensating balance arrangements. The Fund has an arrangement with its custodian bank whereby a portion of the custodian’s fees is paid indirectly by credits earned on the Fund’s cash on deposit with the bank.

(n) Federal and other taxes. It is the Fund’s policy to comply with the federal income and excise tax requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), as amended, applicable to regulated investment companies. Accordingly, the Fund intends to distribute its taxable income and net realized gains, if any, to shareholders in accordance with timing requirements imposed by the Code. Therefore, no federal or state income tax provision is required in the Fund’s financial statements.

Management has analyzed the Fund’s tax positions taken on income tax returns for all open tax years and has concluded that as of September 30, 2021, no provision for income tax is required in the Fund’s financial statements. The Fund’s federal and state income and federal excise tax returns for tax years for which the applicable statutes of limitations have not expired are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state departments of revenue.

 

38     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Under the applicable foreign tax laws, a withholding tax may be imposed on interest, dividends and capital gains at various rates. Realized gains upon disposition of securities issued in or by certain foreign countries are subject to capital gains tax imposed by those countries.

(o) Reclassification. GAAP requires that certain components of net assets be reclassified to reflect permanent differences between financial and tax reporting. These reclassifications have no effect on net assets or net asset value per share. During the current year, the following reclassifications have been made:

 

        Total Distributable
Earnings (Loss)
       Paid-in
Capital
 
(a)      $ (141,897)        $ 141,897  

 

(a) 

Reclassifications are due to differences between actual and estimated information for the prior year related to the Fund’s return of capital.

2. Investment management agreement and other transactions with affiliates

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”) is the Fund’s investment manager. Western Asset Management Company, LLC (“Western Asset”) and Western Asset Management Company Limited (“Western Asset Limited”) are the Fund’s subadvisers. LMPFA, Western Asset and Western Asset Limited are indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Franklin Resources”).

LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to the Fund. The Fund pays LMPFA an investment management fee, calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.80% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. LMPFA implemented a voluntary investment management fee waiver equal to 0.025% of the Fund’s average daily net assets effective December 1, 2018 through May 31, 2021.

The manager has agreed to waive the Fund’s management fee to an extent sufficient to offset the net management fee payable in connection with any investment in an affiliated money market fund.

During the year ended September 30, 2021, fees waived and/or expenses reimbursed amounted to $91,911, which included an affiliated money market fund waiver of $232.

LMPFA delegates to Western Asset the day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund. Western Asset Limited provides certain subadvisory services to the Fund relating to currency transactions and investments in non-U.S. dollar denominated debt securities. Western Asset Limited does not receive any compensation from the Fund and is paid by Western Asset for its services to the Fund. For its services, LMPFA pays Western Asset a fee monthly, at an annual rate equal to 70% of the net management fee it receives from the Fund. In turn, Western Asset pays Western Asset Limited a monthly subadvisory fee in an amount equal to 100% of the management fee paid to Western Asset on the assets that Western Asset allocates to Western Asset Limited to manage.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       39  


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

All officers and one Director of the Fund are employees of Franklin Resources or its affiliates and do not receive compensation from the Fund.

3. Investments

During the year ended September 30, 2021, the aggregate cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of investments (excluding short-term investments) and U.S. Government & Agency Obligations were as follows:

 

        Investments        U.S. Government &
Agency Obligations
 
Purchases      $ 229,674,210        $ 15,238,301  
Sales        401,052,978          16,775,879  

At September 30, 2021, the aggregate cost of investments and the aggregate gross unrealized appreciation and depreciation of investments for federal income tax purposes were as follows:

 

      Cost      Gross
Unrealized
Appreciation
     Gross
Unrealized
Depreciation
     Net
Unrealized
Appreciation
 
Securities    $ 450,819,040      $ 72,292,582      $ (11,020,955)      $ 61,271,627  
Forward foreign currency contracts             203,292        (11,112)        192,180  

4. Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Below is a table, grouped by derivative type, that provides information about the fair value and the location of derivatives within the Statement of Assets and Liabilities at September 30, 2021.

 

ASSET DERIVATIVES1  
      Foreign
Exchange Risk
 
Forward foreign currency contracts    $ 203,292  
LIABILITY DERIVATIVES1  
      Foreign
Exchange Risk
 
Forward foreign currency contracts    $ 11,112  

 

1 

Generally, the balance sheet location for asset derivatives is receivables/net unrealized appreciation and for liability derivatives is payables/net unrealized depreciation.

 

40     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


The following tables provide information about the effect of derivatives and hedging activities on the Fund’s Statement of Operations for the year ended September 30, 2021. The first table provides additional detail about the amounts and sources of gains (losses) realized on derivatives during the period. The second table provides additional information about the change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) resulting from the Fund’s derivatives and hedging activities during the period.

 

AMOUNT OF REALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON DERIVATIVES RECOGNIZED  
      Interest
Rate Risk
     Foreign
Exchange Risk
     Total  
Futures contracts    $ (79,691)             $ (79,691)  
Forward foreign currency contracts           $ (375,626)        (375,626)  
Total    $ (79,691)      $ (375,626)      $ (455,317)  

 

CHANGE IN UNREALIZED APPRECIATION (DEPRECIATION) ON DERIVATIVES RECOGNIZED  
      Foreign
Exchange Risk
 
Forward foreign currency contracts    $ 364,544  

During the year ended September 30, 2021, the volume of derivative activity for the Fund was as follows:

 

        Average Market
Value
 
Futures contracts (to sell)†      $ 2,660,916  
Forward foreign currency contracts (to buy)        1,200,149  
Forward foreign currency contracts (to sell)        5,690,466  

 

At September 30, 2021, there were no open positions held in this derivative.

The following table presents the Fund’s OTC derivative assets and liabilities by counterparty net of amounts available for offset under an ISDA Master Agreement and net of the related collateral pledged (received) by the Fund as of September 30, 2021.

 

Counterparty    Gross Assets
Subject to
Master
Agreements1
     Gross
Liabilities
Subject to
Master
Agreements1
     Net Assets
(Liabilities)
Subject to
Master
Agreements
     Collateral
Pledged
(Received)
     Net
Amount2
 
BNP Paribas SA    $ 1,457             $ 1,457             $ 1,457  
Citibank N.A.      35,804      $ (3)        35,801               35,801  
Goldman Sachs Group Inc.      160,839        (11,109)        149,730               149,730  
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc.      5,192               5,192               5,192  
Total    $ 203,292      $ (11,112)      $ 192,180             $ 192,180  

 

1 

Absent an event of default or early termination, derivative assets and liabilities are presented gross and not offset in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.

 

2 

Represents the net amount receivable (payable) from (to) the counterparty in the event of default.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       41  


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

5. Tender offer

On June 22, 2020, the Fund’s Board of Directors authorized (subject to certain conditions) a cash tender offer for up to 25% of the Fund’s outstanding shares at a price per share equal to 99.5% of the Fund’s net asset value per share as of the business day immediately following the expiration date of the tender offer. On October 19, 2020, the Fund commenced its tender offer, which expired on November 16, 2020. On November 19, 2020, the Fund announced the final results of the tender offer. A total of 60,615,942 shares were duly tendered and not withdrawn. Because the number of shares tendered exceeded 31,699,738 shares, the tender offer was oversubscribed. Therefore, in accordance with the terms and conditions specified in the tender offer, the Fund purchased shares from all tendering stockholders on a pro rata basis, disregarding fractions. Accordingly, on a pro rata basis approximately 52.30% of shares for each stockholder who properly tendered shares were accepted for payment. The shares accepted for tender were repurchased at a price of $5.37 equal to 99.5% of the per share net asset value, $5.40, as of the close of the regular trading session of the New York Stock Exchange on November 17, 2020. Payment for such shares was made on November 19, 2020. Shares that were not tendered remain outstanding.

6. Distributions subsequent to September 30, 2021

The following distributions have been declared by the Fund’s Board of Directors and are payable subsequent to the period end of this report:

 

Record Date      Payable Date        Amount  
9/23/2021        10/1/2021        $ 0.0300  
10/22/2021        11/1/2021        $ 0.0300  
11/22/2021        12/1/2021        $ 0.0300  
12/23/2021        12/31/2021        $ 0.0300  
1/24/2022        2/1/2022        $ 0.0300  
2/18/2022        3/1/2022        $ 0.0300  

7. Stock repurchase program

On November 16, 2015, the Fund announced that the Fund’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) had authorized the Fund to repurchase in the open market up to approximately 10% of the Fund’s outstanding common stock when the Fund’s shares are trading at a discount to net asset value. The Board has directed management of the Fund to repurchase shares of common stock at such times and in such amounts as management reasonably believes may enhance stockholder value. The Fund is under no obligation to purchase shares at any specific discount levels or in any specific amounts.

During the year ended September 30, 2021, the Fund did not repurchase any shares.

Since the commencement of the stock repurchase program through September 30, 2021, the Fund repurchased 2,433,258 shares or 1.88% of its common shares outstanding for a total amount of $10,070,498.

 

42     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


8. Transactions with affiliated company

As defined by the 1940 Act, an affiliated company is one in which the Fund owns 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities, or a company which is under common ownership or control with the Fund. The following company was considered an affiliated company for all or some portion of the year ended September 30, 2021. The following transactions were effected in such company for the year ended September 30, 2021.

 

      Affiliate
Value at
September 30,

2020
     Purchased      Sold  
   Cost      Shares      Cost      Shares  
Western Asset Premier Institutional Government Reserves, Premium Shares           $ 51,916,695        51,916,695      $ 51,214,638        51,214,638  

 

(cont’d)    Realized
Gain (Loss)
     Interest
Income
     Net Increase
(Decrease) in
Unrealized
Appreciation
(Depreciation)
     Affiliate
Value at
September 30,
2021
 
Western Asset Premier Institutional Government Reserves, Premium Shares           $ 211             $ 702,057  

9. Income tax information and distributions to shareholders

The tax character of distributions paid during the fiscal years ended September 30, was as follows:

 

        2021        2020  
Distributions paid from:                      
Ordinary income      $ 30,044,235        $ 39,482,188  
Tax return of capital        6,410,464          9,354,366  
Total distributions paid      $ 36,454,699        $ 48,836,554  

As of September 30, 2021, the components of distributable earnings (loss) on a tax basis were as follows:

 

Deferred capital losses*      $ (139,939,256)  
Other book/tax temporary differences(a)        (3,102,962)  
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation)(b)        61,446,032  
Total distributable earnings (loss) — net      $ (81,596,186)  

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       43  


Notes to financial statements (cont’d)

 

*

These capital losses have been deferred in the current year as either short-term or long-term losses. The losses will be deemed to occur on the first day of the next taxable year in the same character as they were originally deferred and will be available to offset future taxable capital gains.

 

(a) 

Other book/tax temporary differences are attributable to the realization for tax purposes of unrealized gains (losses) on certain foreign currency contracts, the difference between cash and accrual basis distributions paid and book/tax differences in the timing of the deductibility of various expenses.

 

(b) 

The difference between book-basis and tax-basis unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is attributable to the tax deferral of losses on wash sales, the difference between book and tax amortization methods for premium on fixed income securities and other book/tax basis adjustments.

10. Recent accounting pronouncement

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) — Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, with further amendments to Topic 848. The amendments in the ASUs provide optional temporary accounting recognition and financial reporting relief from the effect of certain types of contract modifications due to the planned discontinuation of the LIBOR and other interbank-offered based reference rates as of the end of 2021 and 2023. The ASUs are effective for certain reference rate-related contract modifications that occur during the period March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Management has reviewed the requirements and believes the adoption of these ASUs will not have a material impact on the financial statements.

11. Other matters

The outbreak of the respiratory illness COVID-19 (commonly referred to as “coronavirus”) has continued to rapidly spread around the world, causing considerable uncertainty for the global economy and financial markets. The ultimate economic fallout from the pandemic, and the long-term impact on economies, markets, industries and individual issuers, are not known. The COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments and negatively impact the Fund’s performance. In addition, the outbreak of COVID-19, and measures taken to mitigate its effects, could result in disruptions to the services provided to the Fund by its service providers.

*  *  *

The Fund’s investments, payment obligations, and financing terms may be based on floating rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” which is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. On March 5, 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, stated that it will cease the publication of (i) the overnight and one-, three-, six- and twelve-month USD LIBOR settings immediately following the LIBOR publication on Friday, June 30, 2023 and (ii) all other LIBOR settings, including the one-week and two-month USD LIBOR settings, immediately following the LIBOR publication on Friday, December 31, 2021. There remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate and the impact of the transition from LIBOR on

 

44     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


the Fund’s transactions and the financial markets generally. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or the Fund’s investments cannot yet be determined.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report       45  


Report of independent registered public accounting firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the schedule of investments, of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (the “Fund”) as of September 30, 2021, the related statement of operations for the year ended September 30, 2021, the statement of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2021, including the related notes, and the financial highlights for each of the five years in the period ended September 30, 2021 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of September 30, 2021, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2021 and the financial highlights for each of the five years in the period ended September 30, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of September 30, 2021 by correspondence with the custodian, transfer agent, agent banks and brokers. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Baltimore, Maryland

November 17, 2021

We have served as the auditor of one or more investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds since 1948.

 

46     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. 2021 Annual Report


Additional information (unaudited)

Information about Directors and Officers

 

The business and affairs of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. (the “Fund”) are conducted by management under the supervision and subject to the direction of its Board of Directors. The business address of each Director is c/o Jane Trust, Legg Mason, 100 International Drive, 11th Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. Information pertaining to the Directors and officers of the Fund is set forth below.

The Fund’s annual proxy statement includes additional information about Directors and is available, without charge, upon request by calling the Fund at 1-888-777-0102.

 

Independent Directors    
Robert D. Agdern  
Year of birth   1950
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Compliance Liaison, Class I
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2015
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Member of the Advisory Committee of the Dispute Resolution Research Center at the Kellogg Graduate School of Business, Northwestern University (2002 to 2016); formerly, Deputy General Counsel responsible for western hemisphere matters for BP PLC (1999 to 2001); Associate General Counsel at Amoco Corporation responsible for corporate, chemical, and refining and marketing matters and special assignments (1993 to 1998) (Amoco merged with British Petroleum in 1998 forming BP PLC)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   20
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None
Carol L. Colman  
Year of birth   1946
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Audit and Compensation Committees, and Chair of Pricing and Valuation Committee, Class I
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   President, Colman Consulting Company (consulting)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   20
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       47  


Additional information (unaudited) (cont’d)

Information about Directors and Officers

 

Independent Directors (cont’d)    
Daniel P. Cronin  
Year of birth   1946
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Nominating Committee, Class I
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Retired; formerly, Associate General Counsel, Pfizer Inc. (prior to and including 2004)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   20
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None
Paolo M. Cucchi  
Year of birth   1941
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Audit, and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Compensation Committee, Class II
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Emeritus Professor of French and Italian (since 2014) and formerly, Vice President and Dean of The College of Liberal Arts (1984 to 2009) and Professor of French and Italian (2009 to 2014) at Drew University
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   20
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None
William R. Hutchinson  
Year of birth   1942
Position(s) held with Fund1   Lead Independent Director and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, Class III
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   President, W.R. Hutchinson & Associates Inc. (consulting) (since 2001)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   20
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   Director (since 1994) and formerly, Non-Executive Chairman of the Board (December 2009 to April 2020), Associated Banc-Corp. (financial services company)

 

48     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


 

Independent Directors (cont’d)    
Eileen A. Kamerick  
Year of birth   1958
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Audit Committee, Class II
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2013
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Chief Executive Officer, The Governance Partners, LLC (consulting firm) (since 2015); National Association of Corporate Directors Board Leadership Fellow (since 2016) and financial expert; Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center (since 2021); Adjunct Professor, The University of Chicago Law School (since 2018); Adjunct Professor, Washington University in St. Louis and University of Iowa law schools (since 2007); formerly, Senior Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of ConnectWise, Inc. (software and services company) (2015 to 2016); Chief Financial Officer, Press Ganey Associates (health care informatics company) (2012 to 2014); Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer, Houlihan Lokey (international investment bank) and President, Houlihan Lokey Foundation (2010 to 2012)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   20
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   Director of ACV Auctions Inc. (since 2021); Trustee of AIG Funds and Anchor Series Trust (since 2018); Director of Hochschild Mining plc (precious metals company) (since 2016); Director of Associated Banc-Corp (financial services company) (since 2007)
Nisha Kumar  
Year of birth   1970
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, Class III
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2019
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Managing Director and the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Greenbriar Equity Group, LP (since 2011); formerly, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Rent the Runway, Inc. (2011); Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of AOL LLC, a subsidiary of Time Warner Inc. (2007 to 2009), Member of the Council of Foreign Relations
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   20
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   Director of The India Fund, Inc. (since 2016); formerly, Director of Aberdeen Income Credit Strategies Fund (2017-2018); and Director of The Asia Tigers Fund, Inc. (2016 to 2018)

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       49  


Additional information (unaudited) (cont’d)

Information about Directors and Officers

 

Interested Director and Officer    
Jane Trust, CFA2  
Year of birth   1962
Position(s) held with Fund1   Director, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Class II
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2015
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Senior Vice President, Fund Board Management, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Officer and/or Trustee/Director of 132 funds associated with LMPFA or its affiliates (since 2015); President and Chief Executive Officer of LMPFA (since 2015); formerly, Senior Managing Director (2018 to 2020) and Managing Director (2016 to 2018) of Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”); Senior Vice President of LMPFA (2015)
Number of portfolios in fund complex overseen by Director (including the Fund)   130
Other board memberships held by Director during the past five years   None
 
Additional Officers    
Fred Jensen  

Franklin Templeton

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10018

 
Year of birth   1963
Position(s) held with Fund1   Chief Compliance Officer
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2020
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Director - Global Compliance of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2006 to 2020); Director of Compliance, Legg Mason Office of the Chief Compliance Officer (2006 to 2020); formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of Legg Mason Global Asset Allocation (prior to 2014); Chief Compliance Officer of Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group (prior to 2013); formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of The Reserve Funds (investment adviser, funds and broker-dealer) (2004) and Ambac Financial Group (investment adviser, funds and broker-dealer) (2000 to 2003)
Jenna Bailey  

Franklin Templeton

100 First Stamford Place, 5th Floor, Stamford, CT 06902

 
Year of birth   1978
Position(s) held with Fund1   Identity Theft Prevention Officer
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2015
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Senior Compliance Analyst of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Identity Theft Prevention Officer of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2015); formerly, Compliance Officer of Legg Mason & Co. (2013 to 2020); Assistant Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. (2011 to 2020)

 

50     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


 

Additional Officers (cont’d)    
George P. Hoyt  

Franklin Templeton

100 First Stamford Place, 6th Floor, Stamford, CT 06902

 
Year of birth   1965
Position(s) held with Fund1   Secretary and Chief Legal Officer
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2020
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2020); formerly, Managing Director (2016 to 2020) and Associate General Counsel for Legg Mason & Co. and Assistant Secretary of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (2006 to 2020)
Thomas C. Mandia  

Franklin Templeton

100 First Stamford Place, 6th Floor, Stamford, CT 06902

 
Year of birth   1962
Position(s) held with Fund1   Assistant Secretary
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2006
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Senior Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Secretary of LMPFA (since 2006); Assistant Secretary of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2006); Secretary of LM Asset Services, LLC (“LMAS”) (since 2002) and Legg Mason Fund Asset Management, Inc. (“LMFAM”) (since 2013) (formerly registered investment advisers); formerly, Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020)
Christopher Berarducci  

Franklin Templeton

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10018

 
Year of birth   1974
Position(s) held with Fund1   Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2019
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   Vice President, Fund Administration and Reporting, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Treasurer (since 2010) and Principal Financial Officer (since 2019) of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly, Managing Director (2020), Director (2015 to 2020), and Vice President (2011 to 2015) of Legg Mason & Co.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       51  


Additional information (unaudited) (cont’d)

Information about Directors and Officers

 

Additional Officers (cont’d)    
Jeanne M. Kelly  

Franklin Templeton

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10018

 
Year of birth   1951
Position(s) held with Fund1   Senior Vice President
Term of office1 and length of time served   Since 2007
Principal occupation(s) during the past five years   U.S. Fund Board Team Manager, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Senior Vice President of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2007); Senior Vice President of LMPFA (since 2006); President and Chief Executive Officer of LMAS and LMFAM (since 2015); formerly, Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020); Senior Vice President of LMFAM (2013 to 2015)

 

Directors who are not “interested persons” of the Fund within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

1 

The Fund’s Board of Directors is divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. The terms of office of the Class I, II and III Directors expire at the Annual Meetings of Stockholders in the year 2023, year 2024 and year 2022, respectively, or thereafter in each case when their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. The Fund’s executive officers are chosen each year, to hold office until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

 

2 

Ms. Trust is an “interested person” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act because Ms. Trust is an officer of LMPFA and certain of its affiliates.

 

52     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Annual chief executive officer and principal financial officer certifications (unaudited)

 

The Fund’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) has submitted to the NYSE the required annual certification and the Fund also has included the Certifications of the Fund’s CEO and Principal Financial Officer required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the Fund’s Form N-CSR filed with the SEC for the period of this report.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       53  


Other shareholder communications regarding accounting matters (unaudited)

 

The Fund’s Audit Committee has established guidelines and procedures regarding the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters (collectively, “Accounting Matters”). Persons with complaints or concerns regarding Accounting Matters may submit their complaints to the Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). Persons who are uncomfortable submitting complaints to the CCO, including complaints involving the CCO, may submit complaints directly to the Fund’s Audit Committee Chair. Complaints may be submitted on an anonymous basis.

The CCO may be contacted at:

Legg Mason & Co., LLC

Compliance Department

620 Eighth Avenue, 47th Floor

New York, New York 10018

Complaints may also be submitted by telephone at 1-800-742-5274. Complaints submitted through this number will be received by the CCO.

 

54     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited)

 

Investment Objectives

The Fund’s primary investment objective is high current income and its secondary investment objective is capital appreciation.

Principal Investment Policies and Strategies

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in high-yield corporate debt securities and preferred stocks and up to 20% in common stock equivalents, including options, warrants and rights. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in corporate loans.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in the securities of foreign issuers that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and may invest without limitation in securities of foreign issuers that are denominated in U.S. dollars.

The Fund may use a variety of derivative instruments for investment purposes as well as for hedging or risk management purposes. These derivative instruments may include futures contracts, forward contracts, credit default swaps, credit default swap index securities, swap agreements and options on such instruments. As part of its strategies, the Fund may invest in futures contracts; purchase and sell (or write) exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on securities, financial indices and futures contracts; enter into interest rate and currency transactions; and enter into other similar transactions which may be developed in the future to the extent Western Asset determines that they are consistent with the investment objectives and policies and applicable regulatory requirements.

The Fund may engage in currency exchange transactions and purchase exchange-traded put and call options on foreign currencies. The Fund will conduct its currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market or by entering into forward contracts to purchase or sell currencies.

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in illiquid securities.

The Fund may make short sales of securities in order to reduce market exposure and/or to increase its income if, at all times when a short position is open, the Fund owns an equal or greater amount of such securities or owns preferred stock, debt or warrants convertible or exchangeable into an equal or greater number of the shares of the securities sold short. Short sales of this kind are referred to as short sales “against the box.” The Fund will segregate the securities against which short sales against the box have been made in a special account with its custodian. Not more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets (taken at current value) may be held as collateral for such sales at any one time.

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreement transactions with certain member banks of the Federal Reserve System or with certain dealers listed on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s list of reporting dealers. The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       55  


Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

basis or for delayed delivery in accordance with applicable law. The Fund will not accrue income with respect to a when-issued or delayed delivery security prior to its stated delivery date. The Fund may invest in dollar rolls, asset-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities.

The Fund may invest in zero coupon, pay-in-kind and delayed interest securities as well as custodial receipts or certificates underwritten by securities dealers or banks that evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain U.S. government securities.

The Fund is authorized to lend securities it holds to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations in accordance with applicable law. The amount of such loans, if and when made, may not exceed 20% of the value of the Fund’s assets.

Money market instruments that the Fund may acquire will be securities rated in the two highest short-term rating categories by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service (“S&P”) or the equivalent of such rating categories by another major rating service, or comparable unrated securities. If, in Western Asset’s judgment, conditions in the securities markets would make pursuing the basic investment strategy inconsistent with the stockholders’ best interests, the investment manager may employ alternative strategies, including investment of all of the Fund’s assets in securities rated investment grade by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization.

Principal Risk Factors

There is no assurance that the Fund will meet its investment objectives. You may lose money on your investment in the Fund. The value of the Fund’s shares may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Market conditions, financial conditions of issuers represented in the Fund’s portfolio, investment strategies, portfolio management, and other factors affect the volatility of the Fund’s shares. An investment in the Fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount that you invest. Your investment in the common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”) represents an indirect investment in the fixed income securities and other investments owned by the Fund, most of which could be purchased directly. The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. At any point in time, your Common Shares may be worth less than your original investment, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions.

 

56     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Fixed Income Securities Risk. In addition to the risks described elsewhere in this section with respect to valuations and liquidity, fixed income securities, including high-yield securities, are also subject to certain risks, including:

 

 

Issuer Risk. The value of fixed income securities may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services.

 

 

Interest Rate Risk. The market price of the Fund’s investments will change in response to changes in interest rates and other factors. During periods of declining interest rates, the market price of fixed income securities generally rises. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the market price of such securities generally declines. The magnitude of these fluctuations in the market price of fixed income securities is generally greater for securities with longer maturities. Fluctuations in the market price of the Fund’s securities will not affect interest income derived from securities already owned by the Fund, but will be reflected in the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund may utilize certain strategies, including investments in structured notes or interest rate swap or cap transactions, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the portfolio and decreasing the Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk, although there is no assurance that it will do so or that such strategies will be successful.

 

 

Prepayment Risk. During periods of declining interest rates, the issuer of a security may exercise its option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest the proceeds from such prepayment in lower yielding securities, which may result in a decline in the Fund’s income and distributions to stockholders. This is known as prepayment or “call” risk. Debt securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security at dates prior to its stated maturity at a specified price (typically greater than par) only if certain prescribed conditions are met. An issuer may choose to redeem a debt security if, for example, the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer.

 

 

Reinvestment Risk. Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Fund’s portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed income securities at market interest rates that are below the portfolio’s current earnings rate. A decline in income could affect the Fund’s Common Shares price or its overall return.

 

 

Credit risk. If an issuer or guarantor of a security held by the Fund or a counterparty to a financial contract with the Fund defaults or its credit is downgraded, or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or if the value of the assets underlying a security declines, the value of your investment will typically decline. Changes in actual or perceived creditworthiness may occur quickly. The Fund could be delayed or hindered in its enforcement of rights against an issuer, guarantor or counterparty. Subordinated securities are more likely to suffer a credit

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       57  


Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

  loss than non-subordinated securities of the same issuer and will be disproportionately affected by a default, downgrade or perceived decline in creditworthiness.

Liquidity Risk. The Fund may invest in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to sell. Securities may become illiquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. When the Fund holds illiquid investments, the portfolio may be harder to value, especially in changing markets, and if the Fund is forced to sell these investments in order to segregate assets or for other cash needs, the Fund may suffer a loss.

Below Investment Grade (High-Yield or Junk) Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in high-yield debt securities. High yield debt securities are generally subject to greater credit risks than higher-grade debt securities, including the risk of default on the payment of interest or principal. High yield debt securities are considered speculative, typically have lower liquidity and are more difficult to value than higher grade bonds. High yield debt securities tend to be volatile and more susceptible to adverse events, credit downgrades and negative sentiments and may be difficult to sell at a desired price, or at all, during periods of uncertainty or market turmoil.

Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets Risk. A fund that invests in foreign (non-U.S.) securities may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Investments in foreign securities (including those denominated in U.S. dollars) are subject to economic and political developments in the countries and regions where the issuers operate or are domiciled, or where the securities are traded, such as changes in economic or monetary policies. Values may also be affected by restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country. Less information may be publicly available about foreign companies than about U.S. companies. Foreign companies are generally not subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as are U.S. companies. In addition, the Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of currency exchange controls or restrictions on the repatriation of foreign currency, confiscatory taxation, political or financial instability and adverse diplomatic developments. In addition, there may be difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment abroad. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes, and special U.S. tax considerations may apply.

The risks of foreign investment are greater for investments in emerging markets. The Fund considers a country to be an emerging market country if, at the time of investment, it is

 

58     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


represented in the J.P. Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global or categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle or low-income. Emerging market countries typically have economic and political systems that are less fully developed, and that can be expected to be less stable, than those of more advanced countries. Low trading volumes may result in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility. Emerging market countries may have policies that restrict investment by foreigners, that require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or that prevent foreign investors from withdrawing their money at will. An investment in emerging market securities should be considered speculative.

Non-U.S. Government, or Sovereign, Debt Securities Risk. The Fund invests in non-U.S. government, or sovereign, debt securities. Non-U.S. government, or sovereign, debt securities involve many of the risks of foreign and emerging markets investments as well as the risk of debt moratorium, repudiation or renegotiation, and the Fund may be unable to enforce its rights against the issuers. Sovereign debt risk is increased for emerging market issuers.

Currency Risk. The value of investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could erase investment gains or add to investment losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile, and are affected by factors such as general economic conditions, the actions of the U.S. and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls and speculation. The Fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure.

U.S. Government Debt Securities Risk. Although the U.S. government guarantees principal and interest payments on securities issued by the U.S. government and some of its agencies, such as securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association, this guarantee does not apply to losses resulting from declines in the market value of these securities.

Derivatives Risk. The Fund may utilize a variety of derivative instruments such as options, floors, caps and collars, futures contracts, forward contracts, options on futures contracts and indexed securities. Using derivatives can increase Fund losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices, interest rates, currencies, or the derivatives themselves behave in a way not anticipated by the Fund. Using derivatives also can have a leveraging effect and increase Fund volatility. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Derivatives may not be available at the time or price desired, may be difficult to sell, unwind or value, and the counterparty may default on its obligations to the Fund. Derivatives are generally subject to the risks applicable to the assets, rates, indices or other indicators underlying the derivative. The value of a derivative may fluctuate more than the underlying assets, rates, indices or other indicators to which it

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       59  


Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

relates. Use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Fund than an investment in the underlying security, and those differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders. The U.S. government and foreign governments are in the process of adopting and implementing regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives, margin and reporting requirements. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation of derivatives may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance or disrupt markets.

Credit default swap contracts involve heightened risks and may result in losses to the Fund. Credit default swaps may be illiquid and difficult to value. When the Fund sells credit protection via a credit default swap, credit risk increases since the Fund has exposure to both the issuer whose credit is the subject of the swap and the counterparty to the swap.

Inflation/Deflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of certain assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s Common Shares and distributions on the Fund’s Common Shares can decline. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time—the opposite of inflation. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer defaults more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio.

When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Transactions Risk. The Fund may purchase fixed income securities on a when-issued basis, and may purchase or sell those securities for delayed delivery. When-issued and delayed-delivery transactions occur when securities are purchased or sold by the Fund with payment and delivery taking place in the future to secure an advantageous yield or price. Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis may expose the Fund to counterparty risk of default as well as the risk that securities may experience fluctuations in value prior to their actual delivery. The Fund will not accrue income with respect to a when-issued or delayed-delivery security prior to its stated delivery date. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis can involve the additional risk that the price or yield available in the market when the delivery takes place may not be as favorable as that obtained in the transaction itself.

Market Events Risk. The market values of securities or other assets will fluctuate, sometimes sharply and unpredictably, due to changes in general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, governmental actions or intervention, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by trade disputes or other factors, political developments, investor sentiment, the global and domestic effects of a pandemic, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Economic, financial or political events, trading and tariff arrangements,

 

60     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


public health events, terrorism, natural disasters and other circumstances in one country or region could have profound impacts on global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected.

The rapid and global spread of a highly contagious novel coronavirus respiratory disease, designated COVID-19, first detected in China in December 2019, has resulted in extreme volatility in the financial markets and severe losses; reduced liquidity of many instruments; restrictions on international and, in some cases, local travel, significant disruptions to business operations (including business closures); strained healthcare systems; disruptions to supply chains, consumer demand and employee availability; and widespread uncertainty regarding the duration and long-term effects of this pandemic. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may result in a sustained economic downturn or a global recession, domestic and foreign political and social instability, damage to diplomatic and international trade relations and increased volatility and/or decreased liquidity in the securities markets. The ultimate economic fallout from the pandemic, and the long-term impact on economies, markets, industries and individual issuers, are not known. Certain risks, such as interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and counterparty risk, may be heightened as a result of such market events. The U.S. government and the Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign governments and central banks, are taking extraordinary actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including by pushing interest rates to very low levels. This and other government intervention into the economy and financial markets to address the COVID-19 pandemic may not work as intended, particularly if the efforts are perceived by investors as being unlikely to achieve the desired results. The COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments and negatively impact the Fund’s performance. In addition, the outbreak of COVID-19, and measures taken to mitigate its effects, could result in disruptions to the services provided to the Fund by its service providers.

Credit Crisis Liquidity and Volatility Risk. The markets for credit instruments, including fixed income securities, have experienced periods of extreme illiquidity and volatility. General market uncertainty and consequent repricing risk have led to market imbalances of sellers and buyers, which in turn have also resulted in significant valuation uncertainties in a variety of debt securities, including certain fixed income securities. These conditions resulted, and in many cases continue to result in greater volatility, less liquidity, widening credit spreads and a lack of price transparency, with many debt securities remaining illiquid and of uncertain value. During times of reduced market liquidity, the Fund may not be able to sell securities readily at prices reflecting the values at which the securities are carried on the Fund’s books. Sales of large blocks of securities by market participants, such as the

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       61  


Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

Fund, that are seeking liquidity can further reduce security prices in an illiquid market. These market conditions may make valuation of some of the Fund’s securities uncertain and/or result in sudden and significant valuation increases or decreases in its holdings. Illiquidity and volatility in the credit markets may directly and adversely affect the setting of dividend rates on the Common Shares.

LIBOR Risk. The Fund’s investments, payment obligations, and financing terms may be based on floating rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” which is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. On March 5, 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, stated that it will cease the publication of (i) the overnight and one-, three-, six- and twelve-month USD LIBOR settings immediately following the LIBOR publication on Friday, June 30, 2023 and (ii) all other LIBOR settings, including the one-week and two-month USD LIBOR settings, immediately following the LIBOR publication on Friday, December 31, 2021. There remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate and the impact of the transition from LIBOR on the Fund’s transactions and the financial markets generally. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or the Fund’s investments cannot yet be determined.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. Changes to the investments of the Fund may be made regardless of the length of time particular investments have been held. A high portfolio turnover rate may result in increased transaction costs for the Fund in the form of increased dealer spreads and other transactional costs, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s performance. In addition, high portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to stockholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. A high portfolio turnover may increase the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, resulting in a greater portion of the Fund’s distributions being treated as a dividend to the Fund’s stockholders. The portfolio turnover rate of the Fund will vary from year to year, as well as within a given year.

Temporary Defensive Strategies Risk. When Western Asset anticipates unusual market or other conditions, the Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies as a defensive measure and invest all or a portion of its assets in obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; other investment grade debt securities; investment grade commercial paper; certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances; repurchase agreements with respect to any of the foregoing investments or any other fixed income securities that Western Asset considers consistent with this strategy. To the extent that the Fund invests defensively, it may not achieve its investment objectives.

Market Price Discount from Net Asset Value Risk. Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that the Fund’s net asset value could decrease as a result of its

 

62     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


investment activities and may be a greater risk to investors expecting to sell their Common Shares in a relatively short period. Whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of Common Shares will depend not upon the Fund’s net asset value but upon whether the market price of Common Shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s purchase price for Common Shares. Because the market price of Common Shares will be determined by factors such as relative supply of and demand for Common Shares in the market, general market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether the Common Shares will trade at, above or below net asset value. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors and you should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.

Anti-Takeover Provisions Risk. The Fund’s Charter and Bylaws include provisions that are designed to limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund for short-term objectives, including by converting the Fund to open-end status or changing the composition of the Board, that may be detrimental to the Fund’s ability to achieve its primary investment objective of seeking high current income. Such provisions may limit the ability of shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund. There can be no assurance, however, that such provisions will be sufficient to deter activist investors that seek to cause the Fund to take actions that may not be aligned with the interests of long-term shareholders.

Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk. LMPFA, Western Asset, Western Asset Management Company Limited (“Western Asset Limited” and together with LMPFA and Western Asset, the “Managers”) and the Fund’s investment professionals have interests which may conflict with the interests of the Fund. In particular, the Managers also manage other closed-end funds listed on the NYSE that have investment objectives and investment strategies that are substantially similar to the Fund. Further, the Managers may at some time in the future manage and/or advise other investment funds or accounts with the same investment objective and strategies as the Fund. As a result, the Managers and the Fund’s investment professionals may devote unequal time and attention to the management of the Fund and those other funds and accounts, and may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities as might be the case if they were to devote substantially more attention to the management of the Fund. The Managers and the Fund’s investment professionals may identify a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and accounts, and the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds and accounts, which may limit the Fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity. Additionally, transaction orders may be aggregated for multiple accounts for purpose of execution, which may cause the price or brokerage costs to be less favorable to the Fund than if similar transactions were not being executed concurrently for other accounts. At times, an investment professional may determine that an investment

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       63  


Summary of information regarding the Fund (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

opportunity may be appropriate for only some accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the investment professional may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and accounts. For example, an investment professional may determine that it would be in the interest of another account to sell a security that the Fund holds, potentially resulting in a decrease in the market value of the security held by the Fund.

Operational Risk. The valuation of the Fund’s investments may be negatively impacted because of the operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third party service providers or trading counterparties. It is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, Fund or proprietary information, cause the Fund, LMPFA or the subadvisers and/or their service providers to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality or prevent Fund investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The Fund, LMPFA, and the subadvisers have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third party service providers, and such third party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Fund or LMPFA. Cybersecurity incidents may result in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders, and substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any future cybersecurity incidents. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of these securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.

More Information

For a complete list of the Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions and more detailed descriptions of the Fund’s investment policies, strategies and risks, see the Fund’s registration statement on Form N-14 that was declared effective by the SEC on May 24, 2016. The Fund’s fundamental investment restrictions may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, as defined in the 1940 Act.

 

64     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Dividend reinvestment plan (unaudited)

 

Unless you elect to receive distributions in cash (i.e., opt-out), all dividends, including any capital gain dividends and return of capital distributions, on your Common Stock will be automatically reinvested by Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as agent for the stock-holders (the “Plan Agent”), in additional shares of Common Stock under the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”). You may elect not to participate in the Plan by contacting the Plan Agent. If you do not participate, you will receive all cash distributions paid by check mailed directly to you by Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as dividend paying agent.

If you participate in the Plan, the number of shares of Common Stock you will receive will be determined as follows:

(1) If the market price of the Common Stock (plus $0.03 per share commission) on the payment date (or, if the payment date is not a NYSE trading day, the immediately preceding trading day) is equal to or exceeds the net asset value per share of the Common Stock at the close of trading on the NYSE on the payment date, the Fund will issue new Common Stock at a price equal to the greater of (a) the net asset value per share at the close of trading on the NYSE on the payment date or (b) 95% of the market price per share of the Common Stock on the payment date.

(2) If the net asset value per share of the Common Stock exceeds the market price of the Common Stock (plus $0.03 per share commission) at the close of trading on the NYSE on the payment date, the Plan Agent will receive the dividend or distribution in cash and will buy Common Stock in the open market, on the NYSE or elsewhere, for your account as soon as practicable commencing on the trading day following the payment date and terminating no later than the earlier of (a) 30 days after the dividend or distribution payment date, or (b) the payment date for the next succeeding dividend or distribution to be made to the stockholders; except when necessary to comply with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws. If during this period: (i) the market price (plus $0.03 per share commission) rises so that it equals or exceeds the net asset value per share of the Common Stock at the close of trading on the NYSE on the payment date before the Plan Agent has completed the open market purchases or (ii) if the Plan Agent is unable to invest the full amount eligible to be reinvested in open market purchases, the Plan Agent will cease purchasing Common Stock in the open market and the Fund shall issue the remaining Common Stock at a price per share equal to the greater of (a) the net asset value per share at the close of trading on the NYSE on the day prior to the issuance of shares for reinvestment or (b) 95% of the then current market price per share.

Common Stock in your account will be held by the Plan Agent in non-certificated form. Any proxy you receive will include all shares of Common Stock you have received under the Plan. You may withdraw from the Plan (i.e., opt-out) by notifying the Plan Agent in writing at 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202 or by calling the Plan Agent at 1-888-888-0151. Such withdrawal will be effective immediately if notice is received by the Plan Agent not less than ten business days prior to any dividend or distribution record date;

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       65  


Dividend reinvestment plan (unaudited) (cont’d)

 

otherwise such withdrawal will be effective as soon as practicable after the Plan Agent’s investment of the most recently declared dividend or distribution on the Common Stock.

Plan participants who sell their shares will be charged a service charge (currently $5.00 per transaction) and the Plan Agent is authorized to deduct brokerage charges actually incurred from the proceeds (currently $0.05 per share commission). There is no service charge for reinvestment of your dividends or distributions in Common Stock. However, all participants will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred by the Plan Agent when it makes open market purchases. Because all dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of Common Stock, this allows you to add to your investment through dollar cost averaging, which may lower the average cost of your Common Stock over time. Dollar cost averaging is a technique for lowering the average cost per share over time if the Fund’s net asset value declines. While dollar cost averaging has definite advantages, it cannot assure profit or protect against loss in declining markets.

Automatically reinvesting dividends and distributions does not mean that you do not have to pay income taxes due upon receiving dividends and distributions. Investors will be subject to income tax on amounts reinvested under the Plan.

The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan if, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, the change is warranted. The Plan may be terminated, amended or supplemented by the Fund upon notice in writing mailed to stockholders at least 30 days prior to the record date for the payment of any dividend or distribution by the Fund for which the termination or amendment is to be effective. Upon any termination, you will be sent cash for any fractional share of Common Stock in your account. You may elect to notify the Plan Agent in advance of such termination to have the Plan Agent sell part or all of your Common Stock on your behalf. Additional information about the Plan and your account may be obtained from the Plan Agent at 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600, Louisville, KY 40202 or by calling the Plan Agent at 1-888-888-0151.

 

66     Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.


Important tax information (unaudited)

 

By mid-February, tax information related to a shareholder’s proportionate share of distributions paid during the preceding calendar year will be received, if applicable. Please also refer to www.franklintempleton.com for per share tax information related to any distributions paid during the preceding calendar year. Shareholders are advised to consult with their tax advisors for further information on the treatment of these amounts on their tax returns.

The following tax information for the Fund is required to be furnished to shareholders with respect to income earned and distributions paid during its fiscal year.

The Fund hereby reports the following amounts, or if subsequently determined to be different, the maximum allowable amounts, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021:

 

        Pursuant to:      Amount Reported  
Dividends Received Deduction (DRD)      §854(b)(1)(A)        $233,156  
Qualified Dividend Income (QDI)      §854(b)(1)(B)        $233,156  
Interest-Related Dividends      §871(k)(1)(C)        $18,265,591  
Section 163(j) Interest Dividends      §163(j)        $36,114,538  
Interest from Federal Obligations      Note (1)        $55,335  

Note (1) - The law varies in each state as to whether and what percentage of dividend income attributable to Federal obligations is exempt from state income tax. Shareholders are advised to consult with their tax advisors to determine if any portion of the dividends received is exempt from state income taxes.

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.       67  


Western Asset

High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

Directors

Robert D. Agdern

Carol L. Colman

Daniel P. Cronin

Paolo M. Cucchi

William R. Hutchinson

Eileen A. Kamerick

Nisha Kumar

Jane Trust

Chairman

Officers

Jane Trust

President and Chief Executive Officer

Christopher Berarducci

Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer

Fred Jensen

Chief Compliance Officer

Jenna Bailey

Identity Theft Prevention Officer

George P. Hoyt

Secretary and Chief Legal Officer

Thomas C. Mandia

Assistant Secretary

Jeanne M. Kelly

Senior Vice President

 

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

620 Eighth Avenue

47th Floor

New York, NY 10018

Investment manager

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC

Subadvisers

Western Asset Management Company, LLC

Western Asset Management Company Limited

Custodian

The Bank of New York Mellon

Transfer agent

Computershare Inc.

462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600

Louisville, KY 40202

Independent registered public accounting firm

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Baltimore, MD

Legal counsel

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

900 G Street NW

Washington, DC 20001

New York Stock Exchange Symbol

HIO


Legg Mason Funds Privacy and Security Notice

 

Your Privacy and the Security of Your Personal Information is Very Important to the Legg Mason Funds

This Privacy and Security Notice (the “Privacy Notice”) addresses the Legg Mason Funds’ privacy and data protection practices with respect to nonpublic personal information the Funds receive. The Legg Mason Funds include any funds sold by the Funds’ distributor, Franklin Distributors, LLC, as well as Legg Mason-sponsored closed-end funds. The provisions of this Privacy Notice apply to your information both while you are a shareholder and after you are no longer invested with the Funds.

The Type of Nonpublic Personal Information the Funds Collect About You

The Funds collect and maintain nonpublic personal information about you in connection with your shareholder account. Such information may include, but is not limited to:

 

 

Personal information included on applications or other forms;

 

 

Account balances, transactions, and mutual fund holdings and positions;

 

 

Bank account information, legal documents, and identity verification documentation;

 

 

Online account access user IDs, passwords, security challenge question responses; and

 

 

Information received from consumer reporting agencies regarding credit history and creditworthiness (such as the amount of an individual’s total debt, payment history, etc.).

How the Funds Use Nonpublic Personal Information About You

The Funds do not sell or share your nonpublic personal information with third parties or with affiliates for their marketing purposes, or with other financial institutions or affiliates for joint marketing purposes, unless you have authorized the Funds to do so. The Funds do not disclose any nonpublic personal information about you except as may be required to perform transactions or services you have authorized or as permitted or required by law.

The Funds may disclose information about you to:

 

 

Employees, agents, and affiliates on a “need to know” basis to enable the Funds to conduct ordinary business, or to comply with obligations to government regulators;

 

 

Service providers, including the Funds’ affiliates, who assist the Funds as part of the ordinary course of business (such as printing, mailing services, or processing or servicing your account with us) or otherwise perform services on the Funds’ behalf, including companies that may perform statistical analysis, market research and marketing services solely for the Funds;

 

 

Permit access to transfer, whether in the United States or countries outside of the United States to such Funds’ employees, agents and affiliates and service providers as required to enable the Funds to conduct ordinary business, or to comply with obligations to government regulators;

 

 

The Funds’ representatives such as legal counsel, accountants and auditors to enable the Funds to conduct ordinary business, or to comply with obligations to government regulators;

 

 

Fiduciaries or representatives acting on your behalf, such as an IRA custodian or trustee of a grantor trust.

 

NOT PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT


Legg Mason Funds Privacy and Security Notice (cont’d)

 

Except as otherwise permitted by applicable law, companies acting on the Funds’ behalf, including those outside the United States, are contractually obligated to keep nonpublic personal information the Funds provide to them confidential and to use the information the Funds share only to provide the services the Funds ask them to perform. The Funds may disclose nonpublic personal information about you when necessary to enforce their rights or protect against fraud, or as permitted or required by applicable law, such as in connection with a law enforcement or regulatory request, subpoena, or similar legal process. In the event of a corporate action or in the event a Fund service provider changes, the Funds may be required to disclose your nonpublic personal information to third parties. While it is the Funds’ practice to obtain protections for disclosed information in these types of transactions, the Funds cannot guarantee their privacy policy will remain unchanged.

Keeping You Informed of the Funds’ Privacy and Security Practices

The Funds will notify you annually of their privacy policy as required by federal law. While the Funds reserve the right to modify this policy at any time they will notify you promptly if this privacy policy changes.

The Funds’ Security Practices

The Funds maintain appropriate physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to guard your nonpublic personal information. The Funds’ internal data security policies restrict access to your nonpublic personal information to authorized employees, who may use your nonpublic personal information for Fund business purposes only.

Although the Funds strive to protect your nonpublic personal information, they cannot ensure or warrant the security of any information you provide or transmit to them, and you do so at your own risk. In the event of a breach of the confidentiality or security of your nonpublic personal information, the Funds will attempt to notify you as necessary, so you can take appropriate protective steps. If you have consented to the Funds using electronic communications or electronic delivery of statements, they may notify you under such circumstances using the most current email address you have on record with them.

In order for the Funds to provide effective service to you, keeping your account information accurate is very important. If you believe that your account information is incomplete, not accurate or not current, if you have questions about the Funds’ privacy practices, or our use of your nonpublic personal information, write the Funds using the contact information on your account statements, email the Funds by clicking on the Contact Us section of the Funds’ website at www.franklintempleton.com, or contact the Fund at 1-888-777-0102.

Revised April 2018

Legg Mason California Consumer Privacy Act Policy

Although much of the personal information we collect is “nonpublic personal information” subject to federal law, residents of California may, in certain circumstances, have additional rights under the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”). For example, if you are a broker,

 

NOT PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT


Legg Mason Funds Privacy and Security Notice (cont’d)

 

dealer, agent, fiduciary, or representative acting by or on behalf of, or for, the account of any other person(s) or household, or a financial advisor, or if you have otherwise provided personal information to us separate from the relationship we have with personal investors, the provisions of this Privacy Policy apply to your personal information (as defined by the CCPA).

 

 

In addition to the provisions of the Legg Mason Funds Security and Privacy Notice, you may have the right to know the categories and specific pieces of personal information we have collected about you.

 

 

You also have the right to request the deletion of the personal information collected or maintained by the Funds.

If you wish to exercise any of the rights you have in respect of your personal information, you should advise the Funds by contacting them as set forth below. The rights noted above are subject to our other legal and regulatory obligations and any exemptions under the CCPA. You may designate an authorized agent to make a rights request on your behalf, subject to the identification process described below. We do not discriminate based on requests for information related to our use of your personal information, and you have the right not to receive discriminatory treatment related to the exercise of your privacy rights.

We may request information from you in order to verify your identity or authority in making such a request. If you have appointed an authorized agent to make a request on your behalf, or you are an authorized agent making such a request (such as a power of attorney or other written permission), this process may include providing a password/passcode, a copy of government issued identification, affidavit or other applicable documentation, i.e. written permission. We may require you to verify your identity directly even when using an authorized agent, unless a power of attorney has been provided. We reserve the right to deny a request submitted by an agent if suitable and appropriate proof is not provided.

For the 12-month period prior to the date of this Privacy Policy, the Legg Mason Funds have not sold any of your personal information; nor do we have any plans to do so in the future.

Contact Information

Address: Data Privacy Officer, 100 International Dr., Baltimore, MD 21202

Email: DataProtectionOfficer@franklintempleton.com

Phone: 1-800-396-4748

Revised October 2020

 

NOT PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT


Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

620 Eighth Avenue

47th Floor

New York, NY 10018

Notice is hereby given in accordance with Section 23(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, that from time to time the Fund may purchase, at market prices, shares of its stock.

The Fund files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year as an exhibit to its reports on Form N-PORT. The Fund’s Forms N-PORT are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. To obtain information on Form N-PORT, shareholders can call the Fund at 1-888-777-0102.

Information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the prior 12-month period ended June 30th of each year and a description of the policies and procedures that the Fund uses to determine how to vote proxies related to portfolio transactions are available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-888-777-0102, (2) at www.franklintempleton.com and (3) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

This report is transmitted to the shareholders of Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. for their information. This is not a prospectus, circular or representation intended for use in the purchase of shares of the Fund or any securities mentioned in this report.

Computershare Inc.

462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600

Louisville, KY 40202

 

WASX010408 11/21 SR21-4279


ITEM 2.

CODE OF ETHICS.

The registrant has adopted a code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller.

 

ITEM 3.

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.

The Board of Directors of the registrant has determined that William R. Hutchinson, Eileen A. Kamerick and Nisha Kumar, are the members of the Board’s Audit Committee, possesses the technical attributes identified in Instruction 2(b) of Item 3 to Form N-CSR to qualify as an “audit committee financial expert”.

 

ITEM 4.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

(a) Audit Fees. The aggregate fees billed in the previous fiscal years ending September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021 (the “Reporting Periods”) for professional services rendered by the Registrant’s principal accountant (the “Auditor”) for the audit of the Registrant’s annual financial statements, or services that are normally provided by the Auditor in connection with the statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for the Reporting Periods, were $49,566 in September 30, 2020 and $49,566 in September 30, 2021.

(b) Audit-Related Fees. The aggregate fees billed in the Reporting Period for assurance and related services by the Auditor that are reasonably related to the performance of the Registrant’s financial statements were $0 in September 30, 2020 and $0 in September 30, 2021.

(c) Tax Fees. The aggregate fees billed in the Reporting Periods for professional services rendered by the Auditor for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning (“Tax Services”) were $0 in September 30, 2020 and $10,000 in September 30, 2021. These services consisted of (i) review or preparation of U.S. federal, state, local and excise tax returns; (ii) U.S. federal, state and local tax planning, advice and assistance regarding statutory, regulatory or administrative developments, and (iii) tax advice regarding tax qualification matters and/or treatment of various financial instruments held or proposed to be acquired or held.

There were no fees billed for tax services by the Auditors to service affiliates during the Reporting Periods that required pre-approval by the Audit Committee.

(d) All Other Fees. The aggregate fees for other fees billed in the Reporting Periods for products and services provided by the Auditor, other than the services reported in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this Item for the Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. were $0 in September 30, 2020 and $0 in September 30, 2021.

All Other Fees. There were no other non-audit services rendered by the Auditor to Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisors, LLC (“LMPFA”), and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with LMPFA that provided ongoing services to Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. requiring pre-approval by the Audit Committee in the Reporting Period.


(e) Audit Committee’s pre—approval policies and procedures described in paragraph (c) (7) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

(1) The Charter for the Audit Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of each registered investment company (the “Fund”) advised by LMPFA or one of their affiliates (each, an “Adviser”) requires that the Committee shall approve (a) all audit and permissible non-audit services to be provided to the Fund and (b) all permissible non-audit services to be provided by the Fund’s independent auditors to the Adviser and any Covered Service Providers if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Fund. The Committee may implement policies and procedures by which such services are approved other than by the full Committee.

The Committee shall not approve non-audit services that the Committee believes may impair the independence of the auditors. As of the date of the approval of this Audit Committee Charter, permissible non-audit services include any professional services (including tax services), that are not prohibited services as described below, provided to the Fund by the independent auditors, other than those provided to the Fund in connection with an audit or a review of the financial statements of the Fund. Permissible non-audit services may not include: (i) bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the Fund; (ii) financial information systems design and implementation; (iii) appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions or contribution-in-kind reports; (iv) actuarial services; (v) internal audit outsourcing services; (vi) management functions or human resources; (vii) broker or dealer, investment adviser or investment banking services; (viii) legal services and expert services unrelated to the audit; and (ix) any other service the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board determines, by regulation, is impermissible.

Pre-approval by the Committee of any permissible non-audit services is not required so long as: (i) the aggregate amount of all such permissible non-audit services provided to the Fund, the Adviser and any service providers controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provide ongoing services to the Fund (“Covered Service Providers”) constitutes not more than 5% of the total amount of revenues paid to the independent auditors during the fiscal year in which the permissible non-audit services are provided to (a) the Fund, (b) the Adviser and (c) any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser that provides ongoing services to the Fund during the fiscal year in which the services are provided that would have to be approved by the Committee; (ii) the permissible non-audit services were not recognized by the Fund at the time of the engagement to be non-audit services; and (iii) such services are promptly brought to the attention of the Committee and approved by the Committee (or its delegate(s)) prior to the completion of the audit.

(2) For the Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc., the percentage of fees that were approved by the audit committee, with respect to: Audit-Related Fees were 100% and 100% for September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021; Tax Fees were 100% and 100% for September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021; and Other Fees were 100% and 100% for September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2021.

(f) N/A


(g) Non-audit fees billed by the Auditor for services rendered to Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc., LMPFA and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with LMPFA that provides ongoing services to Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. during the reporting period were $701,092 in September 30, 2020 and $343,489 in September 30, 2021.

(h) Yes. Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.’s Audit Committee has considered whether the provision of non-audit services that were rendered to Service Affiliates, which were not pre-approved (not requiring pre-approval), is compatible with maintaining the Accountant’s independence. All services provided by the Auditor to the Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc. or to Service Affiliates, which were required to be pre-approved, were pre-approved as required.

 

ITEM 5.

AUDIT COMMITTEE OF LISTED REGISTRANTS.

a) Registrant has a separately-designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)58(A) of the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee consists of the following Board members:

Robert D. Agdern

Carol L. Colman

Daniel P. Cronin

Paolo M. Cucchi

William R. Hutchinson

Eileen A. Kamerick

Nisha Kumar

b) Not applicable

 

ITEM 6.

SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS.

Included herein under Item 1.

 

ITEM 7.

DISCLOSURE OF PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES


Western Asset Management Company, LLC

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

BACKGROUND

An investment adviser is required to adopt and implement policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established through investment management agreements or comparable documents. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities have been established for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the investment manager.

POLICY

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)- 6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

PROCEDURE

Responsibility and Oversight

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

Client Authority

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

Proxy Gathering


Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

  1.

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

  2.

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.

 

  3.

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

 

  4.

If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

  5.

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into the account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

  6.

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering, and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

Recordkeeping

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

 

  a.

A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

 

  b.

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

  c.

A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

  d.

Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

  e.

A proxy log including:

 

  1.

Issuer name;


  2.

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

 

  3.

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

  4.

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

  5.

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

  6.

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

  7.

A record of how the vote was cast; and

 

  8.

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.

Disclosure

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest.

Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:

 

  1.

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

  2.

Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

  3.

Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

 

  I.

Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:


  1.

Matters relating to the Board of Directors

Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board- approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

  a.

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

  b.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

  c.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

  d.

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

 

  2.

Matters relating to Executive Compensation

Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

  a.

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

 

  c.

Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

 

  d.

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

 

  3.

Matters relating to Capitalization

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

  a.

Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

 

  c.

Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

 

  4.

Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions

Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

 

  5.

Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures


Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

  a.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

 

  6.

Other Business Matters

Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

  a.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

 

  II.

Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

  a.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

 

  b.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

  c.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

  III.

Voting Shares of Investment Companies

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

  1.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

 

  2.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

 

  IV.

Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

  1.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

 

  2.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.


  3.

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

 

  4.

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.

RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS

For accounts subject to ERISA, as well as other Retirement Accounts, Western Asset is presumed to have the responsibility to vote proxies for the client. The Department of Labor (“DOL”) has issued a bulletin that states that investment managers have the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf of Retirement Accounts unless the authority to vote proxies has been specifically reserved to another named fiduciary. Furthermore, unless Western Asset is expressly precluded from voting the proxies, the DOL has determined that the responsibility remains with the investment manager.

In order to comply with the DOL’s position, Western Asset will be presumed to have the obligation to vote proxies for its Retirement Accounts unless Western Asset has obtained a specific written instruction indicating that: (a) the right to vote proxies has been reserved to a named fiduciary of the client, and (b) Western Asset is precluded from voting proxies on behalf of the client. If Western Asset does not receive such an instruction, Western Asset will be responsible for voting proxies in the best interests of the Retirement Account client and in accordance with any proxy voting guidelines provided by the client.


Western Asset Management Company Limited

Proxy Voting and Corporate Actions Policy

NOTE: Below policy relating to Proxy Voting and Corporate Actions is a global policy for all Western Asset affiliates. As compliance with the Policy is monitored by Western Asset Pasadena affiliate, the Policy has been adopted from US Compliance Manual and therefore all defined terms are those defined in the US Compliance Manual rather than UK Compliance Manual.

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

RESPONSIBILITY AND OVERSIGHT

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

CLIENT AUTHORITY

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

PROXY GATHERING

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

PROXY VOTING

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

   

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

   

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.


   

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

 

   

If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

   

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

   

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

TIMING

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

RECORDKEEPING

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

 

   

A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

 

   

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

   

A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

   

Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

   

A proxy log including:

 

   

Issuer name;

 

   

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

 

   

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

   

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

   

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

   

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

   

A record of how the vote was cast; and

 

   

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.


DISCLOSURE

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:

 

   

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

   

Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

   

Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

VOTING GUIDELINES

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

BOARD APPROVAL PROPOSALS

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

Matters relating to the Board of Directors – Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

   

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

   

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

   

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

   

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

Matters relating to Executive Compensation – Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by- case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

   

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.


   

Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

 

   

Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

 

   

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

Matters relating to Capitalization – The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board- approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock;

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits);

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs;

 

   

Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions;

 

   

Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions;

Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures – Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans;

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

Other Business Matters – Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws;

 

   

Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans;

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals;

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

VOTING SHARES OF INVESTMENT COMPANIES

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios;


   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

VOTING SHARES OF FOREIGN ISSUERS

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

 

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management;

 

 

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees;

 

 

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated;

 

 

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.

RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS

For accounts subject to ERISA, as well as other Retirement Accounts, Western Asset is presumed to have the responsibility to vote proxies for the client. The Department of Labor (“DOL”) has issued a bulletin that states that investment managers have the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf of Retirement Accounts unless the authority to vote proxies has been specifically reserved to another named fiduciary.

Furthermore, unless Western Asset is expressly precluded from voting the proxies, the DOL has determined that the responsibility remains with the investment manager.

In order to comply with the DOL’s position, Western Asset will be presumed to have the obligation to vote proxies for its Retirement Accounts unless Western Asset has obtained a specific written instruction indicating that: (a) the right to vote proxies has been reserved to a named fiduciary of the client, and (b) Western Asset is precluded from voting proxies on behalf of the client. If Western Asset does not receive such an instruction, Western Asset will be responsible for voting proxies in the best interests of the Retirement Account client and in accordance with any proxy voting guidelines provided by the client.

CORPORATE ACTIONS

Western Asset must pay strict attention to any corporate actions that are taken with respect to issuers whose securities are held in client accounts. For example, Western Asset must review any tender offers, rights offerings, etc., made in connection with securities owned by clients. Western Asset must also act in a timely manner and in the best interest of each client with respect to any such corporate actions.


Western Asset Management Company Ltd (“WAMJ”) Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

POLICY

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies for WAMJ is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, WAMJ will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

PROCEDURE

Responsibility and Oversight

The WAMJ Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Operations (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

Client Authority

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority, WAMJ will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

Proxy Gathering

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if WAMJ becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If WAMJ personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

  a.

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

  b.

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm WAMJ voting authority.

 

  c.

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

 

  d.

If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and WAMJ obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client


  is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle), WAMJ seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

  e.

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, WAMJ may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

  f.

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

WAMJ personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

Recordkeeping

WAMJ maintains records of proxies. These records include:

 

  a.

A copy of WAMJ’s policies and procedures.

 

  b.

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

  c.

A copy of any document created by WAMJ that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

  d.

Each written client request for proxy voting records and WAMJ’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

  e.

A proxy log including:

 

  1.

Issuer name;

 

  2.

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

 

  3.

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

  4.

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

  5.

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

  6.

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

  7.

A record of how the vote was cast; and

 

  8.

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in WAMJ’s offices.


Disclosure

WAMJ’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:

 

  1.

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

  2.

Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

  3.

Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

WAMJ’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

 

  1b.

Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, WAMJ generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

 

  1.

Matters relating to the Board of Directors

WAMJ votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

  a.

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

  b.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

  c.

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

  d.

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.


  2.

Matters relating to Executive Compensation

WAMJ generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long- term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

  a.

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, WAMJ votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

 

  c.

WAMJ votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

 

  d.

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, WAMJ votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

 

  3.

Matters relating to Capitalization

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where WAMJ is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

  a.

WAMJ votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

 

  c.

WAMJ votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

 

  4.

Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions WAMJ votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

 

  5.

Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures

WAMJ votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

  a.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

 

  6.

Other Business Matters

WAMJ votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

  a.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.


  2b.

Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. WAMJ votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

  a.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

 

  b.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with WAMJ’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

  c.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

  3b.

Voting Shares of Investment Companies

WAMJ may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

   

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

 

   

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

 

  4b.

Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event WAMJ is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

  1.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

 

  2.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.

 

  3.

WAMJ votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

WAMJ votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.


Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd. (“WAMS”)

Compliance Policies and Procedures

Proxy Voting

WAMS has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and the applicable laws and regulations. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, WAMS will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset affiliated companies) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

Procedure

Responsibility and Oversight

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.

Client Authority

The Investment Management Agreement for each client is reviewed  at account start-up for proxy voting instructions. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Legal and Compliance Department maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

Proxy Gathering

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

 

  1.

Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

 

  2.

Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.

 

  3.

Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. [See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.]

 

  4.

If a material conflict of interest exists, (4.1) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and


  Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (4.2) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

 

  5.

Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

 

  6.

Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (4) or (5) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.

Recordkeeping

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

 

   

A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

 

   

Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

 

   

A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

 

   

Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

 

   

A proxy log including:

 

   

Issuer name;

 

   

Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

 

   

Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

 

   

A brief identification of the matter voted on;

 

   

Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

 

   

Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

 

   

A record of how the vote was cast; and

 

   

Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.

Disclosure

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:


   

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

 

   

Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and

 

   

Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid the decision making process.

Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part 1 deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part 2 deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part 3 addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part 4 addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers

Part 1 - Board Approved Proposals 

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

 

   

Matters relating to the Board of Directors. Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

 

   

Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

 

   

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

 

   

Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

 

   

Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

 

   

Matters relating to Executive Compensation. Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

 

   

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

 

   

Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or re-pricing of underwater options.

 

   

Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

 

   

Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for


 

shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

 

   

Matters relating to Capitalization. The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

 

   

Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

 

   

Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions. Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

 

   

Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures. Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

 

   

Other Business Matters. Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

 

   

Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

Part 2 - Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

Part 3 – Voting Shares of Investment Companies

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts 1 and 2 above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g. proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or


 

approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

Part 4 – Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.

 

   

Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

 

   

Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have pre-emptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have pre-emptive rights.

Retirement Accounts

For accounts subject to ERISA, as well as other Retirement Accounts, Western Asset is presumed to have the responsibility to vote proxies for the client. The Department of Labor (“DOL”) has issued a bulletin that states that investment managers have the responsibility to vote proxies on behalf of Retirement Accounts unless the authority to vote proxies has been specifically reserved to another named fiduciary. Furthermore, unless Western Asset is expressly precluded from voting the proxies, the DOL has determined that the responsibility remains with the investment manager. In order to comply with the DOL’s position, Western Asset will be presumed to have the obligation to vote proxies for its Retirement Accounts unless Western Asset has obtained a specific written instruction indicating that: (1) the right to vote proxies has been reserved to a named fiduciary of the client, and (2) Western Asset is precluded from voting proxies on behalf of the client. If Western Asset does not receive such an instruction, Western Asset will be responsible for voting proxies in the best interests of the Retirement Account client and in accordance with any proxy voting guidelines provided by the client.


ITEM 8.

INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS OF CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.

(a)(1):

 

NAME AND ADDRESS

   LENGTH OF
TIME SERVED
  

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST 5 YEARS

S. Kenneth Leech

 

Western Asset

385 East Colorado Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91101

   Since 2014    Responsible for the day-to-day management with other members of the Fund’s portfolio management team; Chief Investment Officer of Western Asset from 1998 to 2008 and since 2014; Senior Advisor/Chief Investment Officer Emeritus of Western Asset from 2008-2013; Co- Chief Investment Officer of Western Asset from 2013-2014.

Christopher F. Kilpatrick

 

Western Asset

385 East Colorado Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91101

   Since 2012    Responsible for the day-to-day management with other members of the Fund’s portfolio management team; employed by Western Asset Management as an investment professional for at least the past five years.

Michael C. Buchanan

 

Western Asset

385 East Colorado Blvd.

Pasadena, CA 91101

   Since 2006    Responsible for the day-to-day management with other members of the Fund’s portfolio management team; formerly, Managing Director and head of U.S. Credit Products from 2003-2005 at Credit Suisse Asset Management


(a)(2): DATA TO BE PROVIDED BY FINANCIAL CONTROL

The following tables set forth certain additional information with respect to the fund’s investment professionals for the fund. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of September 30, 2021.

Other Accounts Managed by Investment Professionals

The table below identifies the number of accounts (other than the fund) for which the fund’s investment professionals have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories:

registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. For each category, the number of accounts and total assets in the accounts where fees are based on performance is also indicated.

 

Name of PM

  

Type of Account

   Number of
Accounts
Managed
  

Total Assets
Managed

  

Number of
Accounts
Managed for
which
Advisory
Fee is
Performance-
Based

  

Assets Managed
for which
Advisory Fee is
Performance-
Based

S. Kenneth Leech‡

   Other Registered Investment Companies    95    $174.75 billion    None    None
   Other Pooled Vehicles    337    $87.50 billion    15    $2.48 billion
   Other Accounts    581    $220.88 billion    22    $16.17 billion

Michael C. Buchanan ‡

   Other Registered Investment Companies    32    $21.57 billion    None    None
   Other Pooled Vehicles    78    $27.92 billion    7    $1.51 billion
   Other Accounts    167    $77.58 billion    8    $5.50 billion

Christopher Kilpatrick ‡

   Other Registered Investment Companies    10    $4.10 billion    None    None
  

Other Pooled Vehicles

   5   

$538 million

   None   

None

  

Other Accounts

   None   

None

   None   

None


‡ The numbers above reflect the overall number of portfolios managed by employees of Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset”). Mr.Leech is involved in the management of all the Firm’s portfolios, but they are not solely responsible for particular portfolios. Western Asset’s investment discipline emphasizes a team approach that combines the efforts of groups of specialists working in different market sectors. They are responsible for overseeing implementation of Western Asset’s overall investment ideas and coordinating the work of the various sector teams. This structure ensures that client portfolios benefit from a consensus that draws on the expertise of all team members.

(a)(3): Investment Professional Compensation

Conflicts of Interest

The Subadviser has adopted compliance policies and procedures to address a wide range of potential conflicts of interest that could directly impact client portfolios. For example, potential conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the management of multiple portfolios (including portfolios managed in a personal capacity). These could include potential conflicts of interest related to the knowledge and timing of a portfolio’s trades, investment opportunities and broker selection. Portfolio managers are privy to the size, timing, and possible market impact of a portfolio’s trades.

It is possible that an investment opportunity may be suitable for both a portfolio and other accounts managed by a portfolio manager, but may not be available in sufficient quantities for both the portfolio and the other accounts to participate fully. Similarly, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by a portfolio and another account. A conflict may arise where the portfolio manager may have an incentive to treat an account preferentially as compared to a portfolio because the account pays a performance-based fee or the portfolio manager, the Subadviser or an affiliate has an interest in the account. The Subadviser has adopted procedures for allocation of portfolio transactions and investment opportunities across multiple client accounts on a fair and equitable basis over time. Eligible accounts that can participate in a trade generally share the same price on a pro-rata allocation basis, taking into account differences based on factors such as cash availability, investment restrictions and guidelines, and portfolio composition versus strategy.

With respect to securities transactions, the Subadviser determines which broker or dealer to use to execute each order, consistent with their duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain other accounts (such as pooled investment vehicles that are not registered investment companies and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals), the Subadviser may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or dealers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker or dealer. In these cases, trades for a portfolio in a particular security may be placed separately from, rather than aggregated with, such other accounts. Having separate transactions with respect to a security may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the possible detriment of a portfolio or the other account(s) involved. Additionally, the management of multiple portfolios and/or other accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each portfolio and/or other account. The Subadviser’s team approach to portfolio management and block trading approach seeks to limit this potential risk.

The Subadviser also maintains a gift and entertainment policy to address the potential for a business contact to give gifts or host entertainment events that may influence the business judgment of an employee. Employees are permitted to retain gifts of only a nominal value and are required to make reimbursement for entertainment events above a certain value. All gifts (except those of a de minimis value) and entertainment events that are given or sponsored by a business contact are required to be reported in a gift and entertainment log which is reviewed on a regular basis for possible issues.


Employees of the Subadviser have access to transactions and holdings information regarding client accounts and the Subadviser’s overall trading activities. This information represents a potential conflict of interest because employees may take advantage of this information as they trade in their personal accounts. Accordingly, the Subadviser maintains a Code of Ethics that is compliant with Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act to address personal trading. In addition, the Code of Ethics seeks to establish broader principles of good conduct and fiduciary responsibility in all aspects of the Subadviser’s business. The Code of Ethics is administered by the Legal and Compliance Department and monitored through the Subadviser’s compliance monitoring program.

The Subadviser may also face other potential conflicts of interest with respect to managing client assets, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict of interest that could be deemed to exist. The Subadviser also maintains a compliance monitoring program and engages independent auditors to conduct a SOC1/ISAE 3402 audit on an annual basis. These steps help to ensure that potential conflicts of interest have been addressed.

Investment Professional Compensation

With respect to the compensation of the Fund’s investment professionals, the Subadviser’s compensation system assigns each employee a total compensation range, which is derived from annual market surveys that benchmark each role with its job function and peer universe. This method is designed to reward employees with total compensation reflective of the external market value of their skills, experience and ability to produce desired results. Standard compensation includes competitive base salaries, generous employee benefits and a retirement plan.

In addition, the Subadviser’s employees are eligible for bonuses. These are structured to closely align the interests of employees with those of the Subadviser, and are determined by the professional’s job function and pre-tax performance as measured by a formal review process. All bonuses are completely discretionary. The principal factor considered is an investment professional’s investment performance versus appropriate peer groups and benchmarks (e.g., a securities index and with respect to the Fund, the benchmark set forth in the Fund’s Prospectus to which the Fund’s average annual total returns are compared or, if none, the benchmark set forth in the Fund’s annual report). Performance is reviewed on a 1, 3 and 5 year basis for compensation—with 3 and 5 years having a larger emphasis. The Subadviser may also measure an investment professional’s pre-tax investment performance against other benchmarks, as it determines appropriate. Because investment professionals are generally responsible for multiple accounts (including the Fund) with similar investment strategies, they are generally compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of similar accounts, rather than a specific account. Other factors that may be considered when making bonus decisions include client service, business development, length of service to the Subadviser, management or supervisory responsibilities, contributions to developing business strategy and overall contributions to the Subadviser’s business.

Finally, in order to attract and retain top talent, all investment professionals are eligible for additional incentives in recognition of outstanding performance. These are determined based upon the factors described above and include long-term incentives that vest over a set period of time past the award date.


(a)(4): Investment Professional Securities Ownership

The table below identifies the dollar range of securities beneficially owned by each investment professional as of September 30, 2021.

 

Investment Professional(s)

   Dollar Range of
Portfolio
Securities
Beneficially
Owned

S. Kenneth Leech

   A

Christopher Kilpatrick

   D

Michael C. Buchanan

   A

Dollar Range ownership is as follows:

A: none

B: $1 - $10,000

C: 10,001 - $50,000

D: $50,001 - $100,000

E: $100,001 - $500,000

F: $500,001 - $1 million

G: over $1 million

 

ITEM 9.

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 10.

SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 11.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

 

  (a)

The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a- 3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) are effective as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report that includes the disclosure required by this paragraph, based on their evaluation of the disclosure controls and procedures required by Rule 30a-3(b) under the 1940 Act and 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


  (b)

There were no changes in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the 1940 Act) that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are likely to materially affect the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 12.

DISCLOSURE OF SECURITIES LENDING ACTIVITIES FOR CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 13.

EXHIBITS.

(a) (1) Code of Ethics attached hereto.

Exhibit  99.CODE ETH

(a) (2)  Certifications pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 attached hereto.

Exhibit 99.CERT

(b) Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 attached hereto.

Exhibit 99.906CERT


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized.

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.

 

By:  

/s/ Jane Trust

  Jane Trust
  Chief Executive Officer
Date:   November 24, 2021

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

By:  

/s/ Jane Trust

  Jane Trust
  Chief Executive Officer
Date:   November 24, 2021
By:  

/s/ Christopher Berarducci

  Christopher Berarducci
  Principal Financial Officer
Date:   November 24, 2021
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