SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008
of
COMPUCREDIT CORPORATION
a Georgia Corporation
IRS Employer Identification
No. 58-2336689
SEC File Number 0-25751
Five Concourse Parkway, Suite 400
Atlanta, Georgia 30328
(770) 828-2000
CompuCredit has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the preceding twelve months and has been subject to such filing requirements for the past ninety days.
CompuCredit is an accelerated filer and is not a shell company.
As of July 31, 2008, 48,004,487 shares of Common Stock, no par value, of CompuCredit were outstanding. (This excludes 3,651,069 loaned shares to be returned.)
COMPUCREDIT CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash of $19,497 at June 30, 2008 and $29,128 at December 31, 2007)
|
|
$
|
152,847
|
|
|
$
|
137,526
|
|
Securitized earning assets
|
|
|
936,799
|
|
|
|
1,015,579
|
|
Non-securitized earning assets, net:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, net (of $29,119 and $27,199 in deferred revenue and $56,325 and $51,489 in allowances for uncollectible loans and
fees receivable at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively)
|
|
|
383,428
|
|
|
|
357,027
|
|
Investments in previously charged-off receivables
|
|
|
25,122
|
|
|
|
14,523
|
|
Investments in securities
|
|
|
5,899
|
|
|
|
27,714
|
|
Deferred costs, net
|
|
|
11,994
|
|
|
|
14,923
|
|
Property at cost, net of depreciation
|
|
|
63,023
|
|
|
|
84,466
|
|
Investments in equity-method investees
|
|
|
59,764
|
|
|
|
63,023
|
|
Intangibles, net
|
|
|
6,998
|
|
|
|
8,248
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
96,016
|
|
|
|
97,169
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets
|
|
|
63,621
|
|
|
|
45,247
|
|
Assets held for sale
|
|
|
3,643
|
|
|
|
8,735
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
1,809,154
|
|
|
$
|
1,874,180
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$
|
123,534
|
|
|
$
|
159,396
|
|
Notes payable and other borrowings
|
|
|
236,855
|
|
|
|
235,591
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
|
500,000
|
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
Deferred revenue primarily from forward flow agreement
|
|
|
23,723
|
|
|
|
33,277
|
|
Current and deferred income tax liabilities
|
|
|
140,783
|
|
|
|
70,232
|
|
Liabilities related to assets held for sale
|
|
|
172
|
|
|
|
373
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
1,025,067
|
|
|
|
1,048,869
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
30,767
|
|
|
|
32,732
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, no par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized: 60,415,700 shares issued and 51,655,556 shares outstanding at June 30, 2008
(including 3,651,069 loaned shares to be returned); and 61,938,533 shares issued and 53,055,505 shares outstanding at December 31, 2007 (including 5,677,950 loaned shares, 2,026,881 of which were returned subsequent to December 31, 2007
and the remainder of which are to be returned in the future)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
409,881
|
|
|
|
409,964
|
|
Treasury stock, at cost, 8,760,144 and 8,883,028 shares at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
|
|
|
(222,876
|
)
|
|
|
(225,457
|
)
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
1,454
|
|
|
|
1,637
|
|
Retained earnings
|
|
|
564,861
|
|
|
|
606,435
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
753,320
|
|
|
|
792,579
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders equity
|
|
$
|
1,809,154
|
|
|
$
|
1,874,180
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes.
1
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Interest income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer loans, including past due fees
|
|
$
|
24,866
|
|
|
$
|
94,123
|
|
|
$
|
47,782
|
|
|
$
|
174,509
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,390
|
|
|
|
6,847
|
|
|
|
3,473
|
|
|
|
12,344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total interest income
|
|
|
26,256
|
|
|
|
100,970
|
|
|
|
51,255
|
|
|
|
186,853
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(10,375
|
)
|
|
|
(17,079
|
)
|
|
|
(21,849
|
)
|
|
|
(32,863
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net interest income before fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets and provision for loan losses
|
|
|
15,881
|
|
|
|
83,891
|
|
|
|
29,406
|
|
|
|
153,990
|
|
Fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
|
50,680
|
|
|
|
162,650
|
|
|
|
105,969
|
|
|
|
326,890
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
(16,103
|
)
|
|
|
(199,690
|
)
|
|
|
(36,509
|
)
|
|
|
(331,314
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
|
50,458
|
|
|
|
46,851
|
|
|
|
98,866
|
|
|
|
149,566
|
|
Other operating income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees and related income on securitized earning assets
|
|
|
(61,115
|
)
|
|
|
71,988
|
|
|
|
(18,624
|
)
|
|
|
91,690
|
|
Servicing income
|
|
|
44,868
|
|
|
|
27,191
|
|
|
|
93,154
|
|
|
|
46,086
|
|
Ancillary and interchange revenues
|
|
|
15,710
|
|
|
|
18,563
|
|
|
|
31,131
|
|
|
|
30,324
|
|
Gain on repurchase of convertible senior notes
|
|
|
28,424
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,424
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity in income of equity-method investees
|
|
|
6,982
|
|
|
|
9,580
|
|
|
|
15,456
|
|
|
|
19,299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other operating income
|
|
|
34,869
|
|
|
|
127,322
|
|
|
|
149,541
|
|
|
|
187,399
|
|
Other operating expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries and benefits
|
|
|
17,908
|
|
|
|
17,616
|
|
|
|
36,687
|
|
|
|
35,929
|
|
Card and loan servicing
|
|
|
69,989
|
|
|
|
74,655
|
|
|
|
146,427
|
|
|
|
140,725
|
|
Marketing and solicitation
|
|
|
17,081
|
|
|
|
49,873
|
|
|
|
32,940
|
|
|
|
85,662
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
7,405
|
|
|
|
10,093
|
|
|
|
17,359
|
|
|
|
19,687
|
|
Other
|
|
|
36,307
|
|
|
|
31,562
|
|
|
|
65,438
|
|
|
|
60,658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other operating expense
|
|
|
148,690
|
|
|
|
183,799
|
|
|
|
298,851
|
|
|
|
342,661
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations before minority interests and income taxes
|
|
|
(63,363
|
)
|
|
|
(9,626
|
)
|
|
|
(50,444
|
)
|
|
|
(5,696
|
)
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
518
|
|
|
|
(794
|
)
|
|
|
(1,501
|
)
|
|
|
(1,506
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
|
|
|
(62,845
|
)
|
|
|
(10,420
|
)
|
|
|
(51,945
|
)
|
|
|
(7,202
|
)
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
20,070
|
|
|
|
3,819
|
|
|
|
14,683
|
|
|
|
2,732
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations
|
|
|
(42,775
|
)
|
|
|
(6,601
|
)
|
|
|
(37,262
|
)
|
|
|
(4,470
|
)
|
Discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations before income tax benefit
|
|
|
(3,300
|
)
|
|
|
(6,793
|
)
|
|
|
(7,985
|
)
|
|
|
(13,942
|
)
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
1,155
|
|
|
|
2,378
|
|
|
|
2,795
|
|
|
|
4,880
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(2,145
|
)
|
|
|
(4,415
|
)
|
|
|
(5,190
|
)
|
|
|
(9,062
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(44,920
|
)
|
|
$
|
(11,016
|
)
|
|
$
|
(42,452
|
)
|
|
$
|
(13,532
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations per common sharebasic
|
|
$
|
(0.91
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.80
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations per common sharediluted
|
|
$
|
(0.91
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.80
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations per common sharebasic
|
|
$
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.11
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.18
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations per common sharediluted
|
|
$
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.11
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.18
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common sharebasic
|
|
$
|
(0.96
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.23
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.91
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.27
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common sharediluted
|
|
$
|
(0.96
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.23
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.91
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.27
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes.
2
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders Equity (Unaudited)
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
(Dollars in
thousands
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
|
|
|
Treasury
Stock
|
|
|
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
|
|
|
Retained
Earnings
|
|
|
Total
Shareholders
Equity
|
|
|
|
Shares
Issued
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
61,938,533
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
409,964
|
|
|
$
|
(225,457
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,637
|
|
|
$
|
606,435
|
|
|
$
|
792,579
|
|
Stock options exercises and proceeds related thereto
|
|
29,334
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
Use of treasury stock for stock-based compensation plans
|
|
(172,946
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,974
|
)
|
|
|
3,096
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
878
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of restricted stock
|
|
647,660
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,844
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,844
|
|
Purchase of treasury stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(515
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(515
|
)
|
Tax effects of stock-based compensation plans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,027
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,027
|
)
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(183
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(183
|
)
|
Retired shares
|
|
(2,026,881
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(42,452
|
)
|
|
|
(42,452
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008
|
|
60,415,700
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
409,881
|
|
|
$
|
(222,876
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,454
|
|
|
$
|
564,861
|
|
|
$
|
753,320
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes.
3
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(44,920
|
)
|
|
$
|
(11,016
|
)
|
|
$
|
(42,452
|
)
|
|
$
|
(13,532
|
)
|
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
2,237
|
|
|
|
(279
|
)
|
|
|
2,568
|
|
Income tax (expense) benefit related to other comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(596
|
)
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
(596
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
$
|
(44,887
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,375
|
)
|
|
$
|
(42,635
|
)
|
|
$
|
(11,560
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes.
4
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(42,452
|
)
|
|
$
|
(13,532
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
17,359
|
|
|
|
20,743
|
|
Impairment of goodwill
|
|
|
1,132
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
36,509
|
|
|
|
337,659
|
|
Amortization of intangibles
|
|
|
1,250
|
|
|
|
2,526
|
|
Accretion of deferred revenue
|
|
|
(11,467
|
)
|
|
|
(14,566
|
)
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
4,844
|
|
|
|
5,386
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
1,501
|
|
|
|
1,506
|
|
Retained interests adjustments, net
|
|
|
303,191
|
|
|
|
201,224
|
|
Unrealized loss on investment securities classified as trading securities
|
|
|
1,950
|
|
|
|
13,010
|
|
Income in excess of distributions from equity-method investments
|
|
|
(2,055
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on repurchase of convertible senior notes
|
|
|
(28,424
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in assets and liabilities, exclusive of business acquisitions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net decrease in investment securities classified as trading securities
|
|
|
17,939
|
|
|
|
61,817
|
|
Decrease (increase) in uncollected fees on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
|
3,823
|
|
|
|
(59,403
|
)
|
Decrease in deferred costs
|
|
|
1,846
|
|
|
|
1,101
|
|
Increase in prepaid expenses
|
|
|
(23,186
|
)
|
|
|
(1,792
|
)
|
Increase (decrease) in current and deferred tax liability
|
|
|
69,622
|
|
|
|
(32,219
|
)
|
Increase in deferred revenue
|
|
|
1,914
|
|
|
|
5,445
|
|
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
(22,357
|
)
|
|
|
19,540
|
|
Other
|
|
|
10,542
|
|
|
|
(6,240
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
343,481
|
|
|
|
542,205
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from equity-method investees
|
|
|
5,314
|
|
|
|
12,440
|
|
Investments in securitized earning assets
|
|
|
(924,331
|
)
|
|
|
(626,153
|
)
|
Proceeds from securitized earning assets
|
|
|
701,806
|
|
|
|
634,751
|
|
Investments in non-securitized earning assets
|
|
|
(642,251
|
)
|
|
|
(1,296,361
|
)
|
Proceeds from non-securitized earning assets
|
|
|
564,392
|
|
|
|
915,895
|
|
Increase in notes receivable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,693
|
)
|
Acquisitions of assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(191,646
|
)
|
Purchases of and development of software, furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
(8,895
|
)
|
|
|
(36,381
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(303,965
|
)
|
|
|
(593,148
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests distribution, net
|
|
|
(3,468
|
)
|
|
|
(6,271
|
)
|
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
1,128
|
|
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53,880
|
|
Purchase of treasury stock
|
|
|
(515
|
)
|
|
|
(87,551
|
)
|
Proceeds from borrowings
|
|
|
60,735
|
|
|
|
236,394
|
|
Repayment of borrowings
|
|
|
(80,942
|
)
|
|
|
(124,413
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
|
|
|
(24,116
|
)
|
|
|
73,167
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
|
|
|
(79
|
)
|
|
|
373
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash
|
|
|
15,321
|
|
|
|
22,597
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
|
137,526
|
|
|
|
110,412
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
|
|
$
|
152,847
|
|
|
$
|
133,009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
22,699
|
|
|
$
|
31,095
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (refunded) paid for income taxes
|
|
$
|
(87,094
|
)
|
|
$
|
24,154
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental non-cash information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes payable associated with capital leases
|
|
$
|
6,839
|
|
|
$
|
15,057
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of restricted stock and stock options
|
|
$
|
6,989
|
|
|
$
|
5,802
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes.
5
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
June 30, 2008
1. Basis of Presentation
We have prepared our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the
information and notes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary to fairly state the results for the interim periods presented have been
included. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of our condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Certain estimates, such as credit
losses, payment rates, discount rates and the yield earned on securitized receivables, significantly affect our reported gains on securitizations and income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (both of which are components
of fees and related income on securitized earning assets on our condensed consolidated statements of operations) and our reported value of securitized earning assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, estimates of future
credit losses on our non-securitized loans and fees receivable have a significant effect on the provision for loan losses within our condensed consolidated statements of operations and loans and fees receivable, net, which is a component of
non-securitized earning assets, net on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of what our results will be for the year ending
December 31, 2008. Our condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 contained
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
We have reclassified certain amounts in our prior period condensed consolidated
financial statements to conform to current period presentation, and we have eliminated all significant intercompany balances and transactions for financial reporting purposes.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement Components
We summarize below significant accounting policies we follow in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as a description of the significant components of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Restricted Cash
Restricted
cash includes $8.7 million of escrowed gross proceeds (including interest earned thereon) associated with the forward flow contract between one of our subsidiaries and a subsidiary of Encore Capital Group, Inc (collectively with all other
subsidiaries or affiliates of Encore Capital Group, Inc. to which this Report refers, Encore), as well as certain collections on receivables within our Auto Finance segment, the cash balances of which are required to be distributed to
note holders under our debt facilities, and cash collateral balances underlying standby letters of credit that have been issued in favor of certain regulators in connection with our retail micro-loan activities. On July 10, 2008, Encore did not
purchase certain accounts as contemplated by the forward flow contract, alleging that the accounts it was required to purchase failed to meet the standards set forth in the contract (based upon the allegations made by the Federal Trade Commission
(FTC)). Subsequently both our subsidiary and Encore (and another subsidiary of Encore) advised one another that they were in default of various obligations under the contract and various related agreements among them and the parties are
in the process of submitting these disputes to arbitration. Because of the ongoing disputes and concerns as to their ultimate resolution, we did not recognize $1.5 million of income in the three months ended June 30, 2008 representing escrowed
funds and interest thereon that we believed we earned in that three-month period but that Encore has not released from the escrowed proceeds.
Non-Securitized Earning Assets, Net
We include loans and fees receivable, net, investments in previously charged-off
receivables, investments in securities and U.S. government securities resale agreements within non-securitized earning assets, net, on our consolidated balance sheets.
Loans and Fees Receivable, Net.
Loans and fees receivable, net, consist principally of receivables associated with credit cards issued under our Investment in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segments
balance transfer program, our retail and Internet micro-loan activities and our auto finance business. While we have never securitized (i.e., in off-balance-sheet securitizations) any of the receivables associated with our retail and Internet
micro-loan activities or our auto finance business, we securitize substantially all of our credit card receivables in off-balance-sheet securitizations.
As applicable, we show our unsecuritized loans and fees receivables net of an allowance for uncollectible loans and fees receivable and net of unearned fees (or deferred revenue) in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 91,
Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Receivables and Initial Direct Costs of Leases
.
6
We account for the loans and fees receivable associated with our acquisition of ACC Consumer Finance
(ACC) under the guidance of Statement of Position 03-3,
Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer
(SOP 03-3), which limits the yield that may be accreted (accretable yield) to
the excess of our estimate of undiscounted expected principal, interest, and other cash flows (including the effects of prepayments) expected to be collected on the date of acquisition over our initial investment in the loans and fees receivable.
The excess of contractual cash flows over cash flows expected to be collected (nonaccretable difference) is not recognized as an adjustment of yield, loss accrual or valuation allowance. The following tables show (in thousands) a roll-forward of
accretable yield for our loans for which we apply SOP 03-3, as well as the carrying amounts of and gross loans and fees receivable balances for our loans for which we apply SOP 03-3:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Roll-forward of accretable yield:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
(24,314
|
)
|
|
$
|
(61,115
|
)
|
|
$
|
(28,737
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
Accretable yield at acquisition date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(787
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(66,868
|
)
|
Accretion of yield
|
|
|
3,951
|
|
|
|
6,807
|
|
|
|
8,374
|
|
|
|
11,773
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30
|
|
$
|
(20,363
|
)
|
|
$
|
(55,095
|
)
|
|
$
|
(20,363
|
)
|
|
$
|
(55,095
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOP 03-3 loans and fees receivable:
|
|
|
|
Carrying amount of loans and fees receivable at acquisition date
|
|
$
|
160,592
|
|
|
|
|
Carrying amount of loans and fees receivable at June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
75,781
|
|
|
|
|
Gross loans and fees receivable balance at acquisition date
|
|
$
|
191,976
|
|
|
|
|
Gross loans and fees receivable balance at June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
95,706
|
|
|
|
|
In December 2007, we securitized a significant portfolio of lower-tier credit card receivables in
an off-balance-sheet securitization. In reporting periods prior to this securitization transaction, the receivables associated with these lower-tier credit card offerings as shown on our condensed consolidated balance sheets included finance charges
and fees (both billed and accrued) and principal balances. The fees associated with these product offerings include activation and annual fees (which we recognize as income over the twelve-month period to which they apply), as well as monthly
maintenance, late-payment, over-limit, cash-advance and returned-check fees (which we recognize as income when they are assessed to cardholders). Similar charges and fees apply for our balance transfer program credit card receivables, which we
continue to hold on our balance sheet within loans and fees receivable, net. Loans and fees receivable associated with our micro-loan activities primarily include principal balances and associated fees due from customers (such fees being recognized
as earnedgenerally over a two-week period in the case of our retail operations and over a one-month period in the case of our Internet operations). Loans and fees receivable associated with our auto finance business include principal balances
and associated fees and interest due from customers, net of the unearned portion of loan discounts which we recognize over the life of each loan.
We provide an allowance for uncollectible loans and fees receivable for those loans and fees receivable we believe we ultimately will not collect. We determine the necessary allowance for uncollectible loans and fees receivable by analyzing
some or all of the following: historical loss rates; current delinquency and roll-rate trends; vintage analyses based on the number of months an account is open; the forecasted effects of changes in the economy on our customers; changes in
underwriting criteria; and estimated recoveries. A considerable amount of judgment is required to assess the ultimate amount of uncollectible loans and fees receivable, and we continuously evaluate and update our methodologies to determine the most
appropriate allowance necessary.
The components of loans and fees receivable, net (in millions) are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
Subtractions
|
|
|
Balance at
June 30, 2008
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, gross
|
|
$
|
435.7
|
|
|
$
|
672.6
|
|
|
$
|
(639.5
|
)
|
|
$
|
468.8
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
(27.2
|
)
|
|
|
(45.6
|
)
|
|
|
43.7
|
|
|
|
(29.1
|
)
|
Allowance for uncollectible loans and fees receivable
|
|
|
(51.5
|
)
|
|
|
(36.5
|
)
|
|
|
31.7
|
|
|
|
(56.3
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, net
|
|
$
|
357.0
|
|
|
$
|
590.5
|
|
|
$
|
(564.1
|
)
|
|
$
|
383.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
As of June 30, 2008, the weighted average remaining accretion period for the $29.1 million of
deferred revenue reflected in the above table was 31.65 months.
Our roll-forward of the allowance for uncollectible loans and fees
receivable (in millions) is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
(54.5
|
)
|
|
$
|
(224.0
|
)
|
|
$
|
(51.5
|
)
|
|
$
|
(225.3
|
)
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
(16.1
|
)
|
|
|
(199.7
|
)
|
|
|
(36.5
|
)
|
|
|
(331.3
|
)
|
Charge offs
|
|
|
16.8
|
|
|
|
133.6
|
|
|
|
36.7
|
|
|
|
270.8
|
|
Recoveries
|
|
|
(2.5
|
)
|
|
|
(1.1
|
)
|
|
|
(5.0
|
)
|
|
|
(5.4
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
(56.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
(291.2
|
)
|
|
$
|
(56.3
|
)
|
|
$
|
(291.2
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in Previously Charged-off Receivables.
The following table shows (in
thousands) a roll-forward of our investments in previously charged-off receivables activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Unrecovered balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
19,252
|
|
|
$
|
14,523
|
|
Acquisitions of defaulted accounts
|
|
|
26,127
|
|
|
|
44,042
|
|
Cash collections
|
|
|
(29,239
|
)
|
|
|
(56,849
|
)
|
Accretion of deferred revenue associated with Encore forward flow contract
|
|
|
(4,603
|
)
|
|
|
(11,321
|
)
|
Cost-recovery method income recognized on defaulted accounts (included in fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets on our
condensed consolidated statements of operations)
|
|
|
13,585
|
|
|
|
34,727
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
25,122
|
|
|
$
|
25,122
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated remaining collections (ERC)
|
|
$
|
86,187
|
|
|
$
|
86,187
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
While Jefferson Capital, our debt collections subsidiary, holds some pools of normal delinquency
charged-off accounts, its previously charged-off receivables principally consist of amounts associated with accounts for which debtors have filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 13 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (Chapter 13
Bankruptcies) and accounts participating in or acquired in connection with the subsidiarys balance transfer program.
We
estimate the life of each pool of previously charged-off receivables acquired by us generally to be between twenty-four and thirty-six months for normal delinquency charged-off accounts (including balance transfer program accounts) and
approximately sixty months for Chapter 13 Bankruptcies. We anticipate collecting approximately 47.6% of the ERC of the existing accounts over the next twelve months, with the balance to be collected thereafter.
Investments in Securities.
We periodically have invested in debt and equity securities. We have purchased these debt and equity securities
either outright for cash or through a combination of cash and borrowings; see Note 9, Notes Payable and Other Borrowings. We generally have classified our purchased debt and equity securities as trading securities and included
realized and unrealized gains and losses in earnings in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115,
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.
Additionally, we occasionally have
received distributions of debt securities from our equity-method investees, and we have classified such distributed debt securities as held to maturity. The carrying values (in thousands) of our investments in debt and equity securities are as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
June 30,
2008
|
|
As of
December 31,
2007
|
Held to maturity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in debt securities of equity-method investees
|
|
$
|
5,232
|
|
$
|
6,819
|
Trading:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in equity securities
|
|
|
667
|
|
|
2,956
|
Investments in asset-backed securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investments in debt and equity securities
|
|
$
|
5,899
|
|
$
|
27,714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we incurred losses totaling $1.1 million and $6.3
million, respectively associated with our investments in equity and asset-backed securities in the above table.
Our investments in
asset-backed securities from the above table historically have included a mix of investment grade, non-investment grade, subordinated and distressed asset-backed securities, including CDOs (Collateralized Debt Obligations), CMBS (Collateralized
Mortgage Backed Securities), CMOs (Collateralized Mortgage Obligations) and repurchase agreements with respect to the foregoing. The market for these securities became extremely volatile in 2007, and the values ascribed to these securities declined
significantly during 2007, giving rise to significant 2007 realized and unrealized losses on this category of securities. At June 30, 2008, we had valued our remaining investments in asset-backed securities (and associated debt) at zero as the
remaining assets were liquidated in response to margin calls. Because margin loans underlying these investments were non-recourse, we do not expect to realize any further losses in connection with these investments.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid
expenses and other assets include amounts paid to third parties for marketing and other services. We expense these amounts once services have been performed or marketing efforts have been undertaken. Also included are (1) various deposits
totaling $35.9 million required to be maintained with our third-party issuing bank partners and retail electronic payment network providers (including $15.5 million as of June 30, 2008 associated with our ongoing origination and servicing
efforts in the U.K.) and (2) vehicle inventory held by our buy-here, pay-here auto dealerships which we expense as we earn the associated sales revenues.
Income Taxes
We conduct business globally, and as a result, one or more of our subsidiaries
files U.S. federal, state and/or foreign income tax returns. In the normal course of business we are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world, including such major jurisdictions as the United States, the United Kingdom, and
the Netherlands. With a few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign income tax examinations for years prior to 2004. Currently, we are under audit by various jurisdictions for various years, including the
Internal Revenue Service for the 2004 tax year. Although the audits have not been concluded, we do not expect any changes to the tax liabilities reported in those years; if any such changes arise, however, we do not expect them to be material.
We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. We recognized $0.7
million and $1.4 million in potential interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, compared to our recognition of $0.6 million and $1.3 million of
such potential interest and penalties during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. To the extent interest and penalties are not assessed with respect to uncertain tax positions, amounts accrued will be reduced and
reflected as a reduction of income tax expense.
Lease Impairments
During the second quarter of 2008, we subleased 183,461 square feet of office space at our corporate headquarters. As a result of inadequate rental
payments associated with these subleases as compared to our obligations, we recognized a second quarter 2008 impairment charge of $5.5 million, which is included within the other category as a component of other operating expense on our second
quarter and year-to-date 2008 condensed consolidated statements of operations. We are recognizing the rental income associated with these subleases on a straight-line basis as an offset to rental expense also recorded within the other category of
expenses as a component of other operating expense.
Fees and Related Income on Non-Securitized Earning Assets
Fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets primarily include: (1) lending fees associated with our retail and Internet micro-loan
activities; (2) fees associated with our lower-tier credit card receivables and Fingerhut credit card receivables during periods in which we have held them on balance sheet; (3) income associated with our investments in previously
charged-off receivables; (4) gains and losses associated with our investments in securities; and (5) gross profit from auto sales within our Auto Finance segment. The components (in thousands) of our fees and related income on
non-securitized earning assets are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Retail micro-loan fees
|
|
$
|
17,451
|
|
|
$
|
22,562
|
|
|
$
|
37,025
|
|
|
$
|
43,960
|
|
Fees on lower-tier credit card receivables while held on balance sheet
|
|
|
205
|
|
|
|
146,848
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
267,807
|
|
Income on investments in previously charged-off receivables
|
|
|
13,585
|
|
|
|
15,735
|
|
|
|
34,727
|
|
|
|
32,919
|
|
Losses on investments in securities
|
|
|
(1,090
|
)
|
|
|
(28,486
|
)
|
|
|
(6,251
|
)
|
|
|
(25,724
|
)
|
Internet micro-loan fees
|
|
|
10,052
|
|
|
|
2,361
|
|
|
|
17,770
|
|
|
|
2,361
|
|
Gross profit on auto sales
|
|
|
8,909
|
|
|
|
2,430
|
|
|
|
18,007
|
|
|
|
3,444
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,568
|
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
|
|
4,189
|
|
|
|
2,123
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
50,680
|
|
|
$
|
162,650
|
|
|
$
|
105,969
|
|
|
$
|
326,890
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
Fees and Related Income on Securitized Earning Assets
Fees and related income on securitized earning assets include (1) securitization gains, (2) income from retained interests in credit card
receivables securitized and (3) returned-check, cash-advance and certain other fees associated with our securitized credit card receivables, each of which is detailed (in thousands) in the following table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Securitization gains
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
100,957
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
100,957
|
|
Income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized
|
|
|
(68,614
|
)
|
|
|
(33,828
|
)
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
|
(19,266
|
)
|
Fees on securitized receivables
|
|
|
7,499
|
|
|
|
4,859
|
|
|
|
15,770
|
|
|
|
9,999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fees and related income on securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
(61,115
|
)
|
|
$
|
71,988
|
|
|
$
|
(18,624
|
)
|
|
$
|
91,690
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We assess fees on credit card accounts underlying our securitized receivables according to the
terms of the related cardholder agreements and, except for activation and annual membership fees, we recognize these fees as contributing to income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized or as fees on securitized receivables
when they are charged to the cardholders accounts. We accrete activation and annual membership fees associated with our securitized credit card receivables as a contribution to our income from retained interests in credit card receivables
securitized on a straight-line basis over the twelve-month cardholder privilege period. We amortize direct receivables origination costs against fees on securitized receivables. See Note 7, Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, for further
discussion on securitization gains and income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (including the effects of changes in retained interest valuations).
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2007, the FASB approved issuance for comment of a
proposed FASB Staff Position (Proposed FSP) addressing convertible instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement). This would address instruments commonly referred to as Instrument C from EITF
Issue No. 90-19,
Convertible Bonds with Issuer Option to Settle for Cash upon Conversion.
Those instruments essentially require the issuer to settle the principal amount in cash and the conversion spread in cash or net shares
at the issuers option. Based on decisions made by the FASB in the first quarter of 2008 after considering comment letters that it had received on the Proposed FSP, the FASB is expected to issue final guidance under the Proposed FSP in 2008;
this guidance is expected to be effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2008, not to permit early application and to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented (retroactive restatement) pursuant to the guidance in
FASB Statement No. 154,
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections
. We have not yet fully evaluated and computed the effects of the Proposed FSP on our net income and net income per common share. Based on our initial review,
however, this Proposed FSP would change the accounting treatment of our outstanding convertible senior notes and would (1) shift a material portion of our convertible senior notes balances to additional paid-in capital on our consolidated
balance sheets, (2) create a discount on the convertible senior notes that would be amortized as materially higher interest expense over the life of the convertible senior notes, (3) cause us to show materially lower net income on our
consolidated statements of operations, and (4) reduce our basic and diluted net income per common share as disclosed on our consolidated statements of operations.
10
In April 2008, the FASB voted to eliminate Qualifying Special Purpose Entities (QSPEs) from the guidance
in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140,
Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities A Replacement of FASB Statement 125,
(Statement
No. 140). The FASB has discussed Statement No. 140 in many recent meetings and is considering numerous other changes to Statement No. 140 as well as to FASB Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003),
Consolidation of Variable Interest EntitiesAn Interpretation of ARB No. 51,
(FIN 46R). While the ultimate changes remain uncertain, it is possible that we will be required to change our accounting for our
securitized credit card receivables. It is possible that these changes will require us to consolidate some or all of the QSPEs and variable interest entities associated with our securitizations. We currently treat our transfers to the securitization
trusts as sales, remove the receivables from our consolidated balance sheets, and reflect only our retained interests in the securitization trusts on our consolidated balance sheets. The changes being contemplated by the FASB may require us to
reflect the gross amount of the transferred receivables as well as the liabilities of the securitization trusts on our consolidated balance sheets. We are unable to determine the ultimate potential effects on our consolidated financial statements
until the FASB promulgates the final amendments to Statement No. 140 and FIN 46R.
3. Discontinued Operations
In the fourth quarter of 2007, we adopted a formal plan to discontinue (through sale or otherwise) 105 Retail Micro-Loans segment branches located within
Florida, Oklahoma, Colorado, Arizona, Louisiana and Michigan. As a result, we have accounted for these business operations as discontinued operations, and we have classified the net assets of these operations as held for sale and have written them
down to their estimated fair value. The fourth quarter 2007 write down to fair value for the tangible assets associated with these operations was $2.6 million.
Also during the fourth quarter of 2007, we shut down several business operations within our Other segment, including our stored value card operations, our U.S.-based Internet installment loan operations and operations
under which we purchased and serviced motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle and personal watercraft loans through and for pre-qualified networks of dealers.
In the first quarter of 2008, we adopted a formal plan to sell 81 Retail Micro-Loans segment branches located within the State of Texasa sale that was completed in April 2008. As a result, we also have accounted
for these business operations as discontinued operations, and we have classified the net assets of these operations as held for sale and have written them down to their estimated fair value.
The components (in thousands) of our discontinued operations are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Net interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
2,847
|
|
|
$
|
3,038
|
|
|
$
|
6,453
|
|
|
$
|
5,682
|
|
Other operating income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expense
|
|
|
6,147
|
|
|
|
9,831
|
|
|
|
14,438
|
|
|
|
19,624
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes
|
|
|
(3,300
|
)
|
|
|
(6,793
|
)
|
|
|
(7,985
|
)
|
|
|
(13,942
|
)
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
1,155
|
|
|
|
2,378
|
|
|
|
2,795
|
|
|
|
4,880
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(2,145
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,415
|
)
|
|
$
|
(5,190
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,062
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The table below presents the components (in thousands) of our consolidated balance sheet accounts
classified as assets and liabilities related to assets held for sale:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
Assets held for sale:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, net
|
|
$
|
2,877
|
|
$
|
7,304
|
Property at cost, net of depreciation
|
|
|
562
|
|
|
1,010
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
421
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets held for sale
|
|
$
|
3,643
|
|
$
|
8,735
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities related to assets held for sale:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$
|
172
|
|
$
|
373
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities related to assets held for sale
|
|
$
|
172
|
|
$
|
373
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
4. Segment Reporting
We operate primarily within one industry consisting of five reportable segments by which we manage our business. Our five reportable segments are: Credit Cards; Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables;
Retail Micro-Loans; Auto Finance; and Other.
We measure the profitability of our reportable segments based on their income after
allocation of specific costs and corporate overhead. Overhead costs are allocated based on headcounts and other applicable measures to better align costs with the associated revenues. Summary operating segment information (in thousands) is as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
Credit Cards
|
|
|
Investments in
Previously
Charged-Off
Receivables
|
|
Retail
Micro-Loans
|
|
|
Auto Finance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Net interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
(4,969
|
)
|
|
$
|
13,284
|
|
$
|
15,234
|
|
|
$
|
19,857
|
|
|
$
|
7,052
|
|
|
$
|
50,458
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other operating income
|
|
$
|
34,459
|
|
|
$
|
410
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
34,869
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
(72,304
|
)
|
|
$
|
7,364
|
|
$
|
2,785
|
|
|
$
|
(762
|
)
|
|
$
|
72
|
|
|
$
|
(62,845
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(2,851
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(449
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,300
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, gross
|
|
$
|
4,850
|
|
|
$
|
25,992
|
|
$
|
31,912
|
|
|
$
|
387,137
|
|
|
$
|
18,981
|
|
|
$
|
468,872
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, net
|
|
$
|
4,850
|
|
|
$
|
20,818
|
|
$
|
26,934
|
|
|
$
|
317,153
|
|
|
$
|
13,673
|
|
|
$
|
383,428
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
1,191,195
|
|
|
$
|
59,117
|
|
$
|
97,902
|
|
|
$
|
395,595
|
|
|
$
|
65,345
|
|
|
$
|
1,809,154
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, 2007
|
|
Credit Cards
|
|
|
Investments in
Previously
Charged-Off
Receivables
|
|
Retail
Micro-Loans
|
|
|
Auto Finance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Net interest income, fees and related income (loss) on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
(1,678
|
)
|
|
$
|
15,630
|
|
$
|
19,990
|
|
|
$
|
10,901
|
|
|
$
|
2,008
|
|
|
$
|
46,851
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other operating income
|
|
$
|
126,268
|
|
|
$
|
467
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
587
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
127,322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
(23,563
|
)
|
|
$
|
10,909
|
|
$
|
6,692
|
|
|
$
|
(3,063
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,395
|
)
|
|
$
|
(10,420
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(4,023
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(2,770
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6,793
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, gross
|
|
$
|
956,830
|
|
|
$
|
16,137
|
|
$
|
70,402
|
|
|
$
|
286,721
|
|
|
$
|
12,917
|
|
|
$
|
1,343,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, net
|
|
$
|
552,765
|
|
|
$
|
12,760
|
|
$
|
67,004
|
|
|
$
|
268,250
|
|
|
$
|
10,124
|
|
|
$
|
910,903
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
1,498,255
|
|
|
$
|
40,131
|
|
$
|
201,467
|
|
|
$
|
352,982
|
|
|
$
|
82,409
|
|
|
$
|
2,175,244
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
Credit Cards
|
|
|
Investments in
Previously
Charged-Off
Receivables
|
|
Retail
Micro-Loans
|
|
|
Auto Finance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Net interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
(13,429
|
)
|
|
$
|
35,294
|
|
$
|
32,119
|
|
|
$
|
35,669
|
|
|
$
|
9,213
|
|
|
$
|
98,866
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other operating income
|
|
$
|
148,590
|
|
|
$
|
755
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
196
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
149,541
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
(74,486
|
)
|
|
$
|
23,423
|
|
$
|
7,217
|
|
|
$
|
(4,522
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,577
|
)
|
|
$
|
(51,945
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(7,036
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(949
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,985
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, gross
|
|
$
|
4,850
|
|
|
$
|
25,992
|
|
$
|
31,912
|
|
|
$
|
387,137
|
|
|
$
|
18,981
|
|
|
$
|
468,872
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, net
|
|
$
|
4,850
|
|
|
$
|
20,818
|
|
$
|
26,934
|
|
|
$
|
317,153
|
|
|
$
|
13,673
|
|
|
$
|
383,428
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
1,191,195
|
|
|
$
|
59,117
|
|
$
|
97,902
|
|
|
$
|
395,595
|
|
|
$
|
65,345
|
|
|
$
|
1,809,154
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, 2007
|
|
Credit Cards
|
|
Investments in
Previously
Charged-Off
Receivables
|
|
Retail
Micro-Loans
|
|
Auto Finance
|
|
Other
|
|
Total
|
Net interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
53,540
|
|
$
|
33,360
|
|
$
|
38,165
|
|
$
|
22,493
|
|
$
|
2,008
|
|
$
|
149,566
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other operating income
|
|
$
|
185,484
|
|
$
|
783
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
1,132
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
187,399
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
(31,703)
|
|
$
|
22,348
|
|
$
|
10,770
|
|
$
|
(3,656)
|
|
$
|
(4,961)
|
|
$
|
(7,202)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(7,090)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(6,852)
|
|
$
|
(13,942)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, gross
|
|
$
|
956,830
|
|
$
|
16,137
|
|
$
|
70,402
|
|
$
|
286,721
|
|
$
|
12,917
|
|
$
|
1,343,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and fees receivable, net
|
|
$
|
552,765
|
|
$
|
12,760
|
|
$
|
67,004
|
|
$
|
268,250
|
|
$
|
10,124
|
|
$
|
910,903
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
1,498,255
|
|
$
|
40,131
|
|
$
|
201,467
|
|
$
|
352,982
|
|
$
|
82,409
|
|
$
|
2,175,244
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. Treasury and Other Stock Transactions
At our discretion, we use treasury shares to satisfy option exercises and restricted stock vesting, and we use the cost approach when accounting for the
repurchase and reissuance of our treasury stock. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2008, we reissued 9,230 and 172,946 treasury shares at an approximate gross cost of $0.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively, in
satisfaction of option exercises and restricted share vestings. Also during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we effectively purchased 3,156 and 50,062 shares at a cost of $0.03 million and $0.5 million, respectively, by having
employees who were exercising options or vesting in their restricted stock grants exchange a portion of their stock for our payment of required minimum tax withholdings. We repurchased no other shares of our common stock during the three months
ended June 30, 2008.
Also during the six months ended June 30, 2008, shares previously lent by us were returned to us. These
shares, totaling 2,026,881, were retired upon receipt. As of June 30, 2008, we still had outstanding 3,651,069 loaned shares to be returned to us.
6. Investments in Equity-Method Investees
As of June 30, 2008, we held a 61.25% interest in CSG, LLC
(CSG). Because of specific voting and veto rights held by each investor in CSG, we do not control (as defined by FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 94,
Consolidation of All Majority-Owned
Subsidiaries
) this entity. We account for our CSG investment using the equity method of accounting. As of June 30, 2008, we also held a 47.5% interest in a joint venture in which we invested in 2005 and 33.3% interests in each of
Transistor Holdings, LLC (Transistor) and Capacitor Holdings, LLC (Capacitor) in which we invested in 2004. We account for our investment interests in these entities using the equity method of accounting, and these
investments are included in investments in equity-method investees on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
In the following tables,
we summarize (in thousands) combined balance sheet and results of operations data for our equity-method investees:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30,
2008
|
|
As of December 31,
2007
|
Securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
128,496
|
|
$
|
127,514
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
132,209
|
|
$
|
134,621
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
$
|
2,526
|
|
$
|
2,929
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members capital
|
|
$
|
129,683
|
|
$
|
131,692
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Net interest income, fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees and related income on securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
15,929
|
|
$
|
18,791
|
|
$
|
33,231
|
|
$
|
37,674
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other operating income
|
|
$
|
18,210
|
|
$
|
21,824
|
|
$
|
37,866
|
|
$
|
43,971
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
17,055
|
|
$
|
20,447
|
|
$
|
35,649
|
|
$
|
41,225
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7. Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
We securitize certain credit card receivables that we purchase on a daily basis through our third-party financial institution relationships. Prior to
December 2007, we had not previously securitized our lower-tier credit card receivables. We now securitize substantially all of our credit card receivables. In connection with our securitization transactions, we transfer receivables associated with
credit card accounts originated by our third-party financial institution relationships to two separate trusts (an upper-tier originated portfolio master trust and a lower-tier originated portfolio master trust), which issue
notes representing undivided ownership interests in the assets of the respective master trusts. Additionally, in various transactions, we have acquired portfolios of receivables from third parties and subsequently securitized them; the latest of
these transactions was our second quarter 2007 acquisition of our U.K. Portfolio and our securitization of its approximately £490 million ($970 million) of gross face amount of underlying credit card receivables.
Our only interest in the credit card receivables we securitize is in the form of retained interests in the securitization trusts. GAAP requires us to
treat our transfers to the securitization trusts as sales and to remove the receivables from our consolidated balance sheets. Under Statement No. 140, an entity recognizes the assets it controls and liabilities it has incurred, and derecognizes
the financial assets for which control has been surrendered and all liabilities that have been extinguished. An entity is considered to have surrendered control over the transferred assets and, therefore, to have sold the assets if the following
conditions are met:
|
1.
|
The transferred assets have been isolated from the transferor and put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors.
|
|
2.
|
Each transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the assets it has received, and no condition both constrains the transferee from taking advantage of its right to pledge or
exchange and provides more than a trivial benefit to the transferor.
|
|
3.
|
The transferor does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through either (i) an agreement that both entitles and obligates the transferor to repurchase or
redeem them before their maturity, or (ii) the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets, other than through a clean-up call.
|
Our securitization transactions do not affect the relationship we have with our customers, and we continue to service the securitized credit card receivables.
The table below summarizes (in thousands) our securitization activities for the periods presented. As with other tables included within the notes to our
condensed consolidated financial statements, it does not include the securitization activities of our equity-method investees:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Gross amount of receivables securitized at period end
|
|
$
|
3,002,547
|
|
|
$
|
2,362,871
|
|
|
$
|
3,002,547
|
|
|
$
|
2,362,871
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from collections reinvested in revolving-period securitizations
|
|
$
|
371,482
|
|
|
$
|
319,242
|
|
|
$
|
789,899
|
|
|
$
|
573,172
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excess cash flows received on retained interests
|
|
$
|
37,172
|
|
|
$
|
42,612
|
|
|
$
|
89,834
|
|
|
$
|
91,365
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securitization gains
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
100,957
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
100,957
|
|
Income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized
|
|
|
(68,614
|
)
|
|
|
(33,828
|
)
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
|
(19,266
|
)
|
Fees on securitized receivables
|
|
|
7,499
|
|
|
|
4,859
|
|
|
|
15,770
|
|
|
|
9,999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fees and related income on securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
(61,115
|
)
|
|
$
|
71,988
|
|
|
$
|
(18,624
|
)
|
|
$
|
91,690
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14
The investors in our securitization transactions have no recourse against us for our customers
failure to pay their credit card receivables. However, most of our retained interests are subordinated to the investors interests until the investors have been fully paid.
Generally, we include all collections received from the cardholders underlying each securitization in our securitization cash flows. This includes
collections from the cardholders for interest, fees and other charges on the accounts and collections from those cardholders repaying the principal portion of their account balances. In general, the cash flows are then distributed to us as servicer
in the amounts of our contractually negotiated servicing fees, to the investors as interest on their outstanding notes, to the investors to repay any portion of their outstanding notes that becomes due and payable and to us as the seller to fund new
purchases. Any collections from cardholders remaining each month after making the various payments noted above generally are paid to us on our retained interests.
We carry the retained interests associated with the credit card receivables we have securitized at estimated fair market value within the securitized earning assets category on our consolidated balance sheets, and
because we classify them as trading securities and have elected fair value accounting for them under Statement No. 159, we include any changes in fair value in income. Because quoted market prices for our retained interests generally are not
available, we estimate fair value based on the estimated present value of future cash flows using our best estimates of key assumptions based on Level 3 significant unobservable inputs as defined by Statement No. 157. (See Note 8, Fair
Values of Assets.)
The Level 3 fair value measurements of retained interests associated with our securitizations are dependent upon
our estimate of future cash flows using the cash-out method. Under the cash-out method, we record future cash flows at a discounted value. We discount cash flows based on the timing of when we expect to receive the cash flows. We base discount rates
on our estimates of returns that would be required by investors in investments with similar terms and credit quality. We estimate yields on the credit card receivables based on stated annual percentage rates and applicable terms and conditions
governing fees as set forth in the credit card agreements, and we base estimated default and payment rates on historical results, adjusted for expected changes based on our credit risk models. We typically charge off credit card receivables when the
receivables become 180 days past due, although earlier charge offs may occur specifically related to accounts of bankrupt or deceased customers. We generally charge off bankrupt and deceased customers accounts within thirty days of
verification.
Our retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (labeled as securitized earning assets on our consolidated
balance sheets) include the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
Interest only (I/O) strip
|
|
$
|
180,140
|
|
|
$
|
96,313
|
|
Accrued interest and fees
|
|
|
24,747
|
|
|
|
32,768
|
|
Servicing liability
|
|
|
(18,575
|
)
|
|
|
(23,821
|
)
|
Amounts due from securitization
|
|
|
21,060
|
|
|
|
24,104
|
|
Fair value of residual interests
|
|
|
732,394
|
|
|
|
887,215
|
|
Issuing bank partner continuing interests
|
|
|
(2,967
|
)
|
|
|
(1,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
936,799
|
|
|
$
|
1,015,579
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The I/O strip reflects the fair value of our rights to future income from securitizations arranged
by us and includes certain credit enhancements. Accrued interest and fees represent the estimated collectible portion of fees earned but not billed to the cardholders underlying the credit card receivables portfolios we have securitized. The
servicing liability reflects, for those securitization structures for which servicing compensation is not adequate, the fair value of the costs to service the receivables above and beyond the servicing income we expect to receive from the
securitizations. Amounts due from securitization represent cash flows that are distributable to us from the prior months cash flows within each securitization trust; we generally expect to receive these amounts within thirty days from the
close of each respective month. The fair value of residual interests category represents the net present value of cash flows that will be returned to us associated with our funded interests (generally for cardholder purchases) in our securitization
trusts. Lastly, certain of our issuing bank partners and their affiliates have contractual rights entitling them to maintain continuing economic interests in our securitized earning assets; these issuing bank partners continuing interests are
netted against the value of our securitized earning assets in the above table.
15
Changes in any of the assumptions used to value our retained interests in our securitizations could
affect our fair value estimates. The weighted-average key assumptions we have used to estimate the fair value of our retained interests in the receivables we have securitized are presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
|
|
June 30,
2007
|
|
Net collected yield (annualized)
|
|
36.5
|
%
|
|
33.5
|
%
|
|
27.1
|
%
|
Principal payment rate (monthly)
|
|
5.2
|
|
|
5.4
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
Expected principal credit loss rate (annualized)
|
|
16.1
|
|
|
18.8
|
|
|
14.6
|
|
Residual cash flows discount rate
|
|
23.7
|
|
|
24.6
|
|
|
20.0
|
|
Servicing liability discount rate
|
|
14.0
|
|
|
14.0
|
|
|
14.0
|
|
The 2007 net collected yield, principal payment rate and expected principal credit loss rate in
the above table were all significantly affected by the weightings associated with our December 2007 securitization of our lower-tier credit card receivables, which have higher yields and charge offs and lower payment rates than our more
traditionally securitized upper-tier credit card receivables. The increase in residual cash flows discount rates relative to the June 30, 2007 rate reflects (1) reduced levels of excess collateral within our securitization trusts over the
past several quarters, as well as (2) increased market spreads above our LIBOR interest rate index that we believe to exist as of December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008 given the recent turbulence in global liquidity markets (with some
offsetting effects, however, of reductions in the base LIBOR interest rate index within the past year). Our Statement No. 140 models recognize in computing the residual cash flows discount rate that variations in collateral enhancement levels
affect the returns that investors require on residual interests within securitization structures; specifically, at lower levels of collateral enhancement (and hence greater investment risk), investors in securitization structure residual interests
will require higher investment returns.
The following table illustrates the hypothetical effect on the June 30, 2008 value of our
retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (dollars in thousands) of an adverse 10 and 20 percent change in our key valuation assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit Card
Receivables
|
|
Net collected yield (annualized)
|
|
|
36.5
|
%
|
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(61,807
|
)
|
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(122,756
|
)
|
Principal payment rate (monthly)
|
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(7,942
|
)
|
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(15,709
|
)
|
Expected principal credit loss rate (annualized)
|
|
|
16.1
|
%
|
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(29,687
|
)
|
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(56,055
|
)
|
Residual cash flows discount rate
|
|
|
23.7
|
%
|
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(13,687
|
)
|
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(26,945
|
)
|
Servicing liability discount rate
|
|
|
14.0
|
%
|
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(208
|
)
|
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
|
$
|
(416
|
)
|
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures indicate,
changes in fair value based on a 10% and a 20% variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of a change in assumption to the change in fair value of our retained interests in credit card receivables securitized
may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interests is calculated without changing any other assumptions; in reality, changes in one assumption may result in
changes in another. For example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments and increased credit losses, which could magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
Our managed receivables portfolio underlying our securitizations (including only those of our consolidated subsidiaries) is comprised of our retained
interests in the credit card receivables we have securitized and other investors shares of these securitized receivables. The investors shares of securitized credit card receivables are not our assets. The following table summarizes (in
thousands) the balances included within, and certain operating statistics associated with, our managed receivables portfolio underlying both the outside investors shares of and our retained interests in our credit card receivables
securitizations. Although we did not securitize our lower-tier credit card receivables until December 2007, for comparative purposes, our 2007 net charge offs disclosure in the table below includes all fourth quarter 2007 net charge offs on these
receivables.
16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
December 31,
2007
|
Total managed principal balance
|
|
$
|
2,539,606
|
|
$
|
2,855,762
|
Total managed finance charge balance
|
|
|
462,941
|
|
|
681,916
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total managed receivables
|
|
$
|
3,002,547
|
|
$
|
3,537,678
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables delinquent sixty or more days
|
|
$
|
406,134
|
|
$
|
711,146
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net charge offs for the three months ended
|
|
$
|
167,150
|
|
$
|
77,855
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8. Fair Values of Assets
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159,
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities,
(Statement No. 159).
Statement No. 159 allows companies to carry the vast majority of financial assets and liabilities at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded into earnings. Statement No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007, and we adopted Statement No. 159 with respect to our securitized earning assets effective January 1, 2008.
In January 2008, we adopted FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements,
(Statement No. 157). Statement No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, except accounting pronouncements that address share-based
payment transactions and their related interpretive accounting pronouncements, and does not eliminate the practicability exceptions to fair value measurements in accounting pronouncements within the scope of the Statement. In general, fair values
determined by Level 1 inputs use quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs use inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1
that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or
liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the
asset or liability. Where inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety has been determined is based on the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Valuations and Techniques for Assets Measured at Fair Value on
a Recurring Basis
Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires
judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. For our assets measured on a recurring basis at fair value, the table below summarizes (in thousands) fair values as of June 30, 2008 by fair value hierarchy:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
|
|
Total Assets
Measured at Fair
Value
|
Investment securitiestrading
|
|
$
|
667
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
667
|
Securitized earning assets
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
936,799
|
|
$
|
936,799
|
For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable
inputs, the following table presents (in thousands) a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Investment
SecuritiesTrading
|
|
|
Securitized
Earning Assets
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Investment
SecuritiesTrading
|
|
|
Securitized
Earning Assets
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Beginning balance
|
|
$
|
14,314
|
|
|
$
|
1,000,390
|
|
|
$
|
1,014,704
|
|
|
$
|
17,939
|
|
|
$
|
1,015,579
|
|
|
$
|
1,033,518
|
|
Total gains (losses)realized/unrealized:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revaluations of/additions to retained interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94,015
|
|
|
|
94,015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
299,867
|
|
|
|
299,867
|
|
Total realized and unrealized losses
|
|
|
(14,314
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(14,314
|
)
|
|
|
(17,939
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(17,939
|
)
|
Purchases, issuances, and settlements, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(157,606
|
)
|
|
|
(157,606
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(378,647
|
)
|
|
|
(378,647
|
)
|
Net transfers in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending balance
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
936,799
|
|
|
$
|
936,799
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
936,799
|
|
|
$
|
936,799
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
|
Investment
SecuritiesTrading
|
|
Securitized
Earning Assets
|
|
Total
|
|
Investment
SecuritiesTrading
|
|
Securitized
Earning Assets
|
|
Total
|
Total gains for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at
June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
94,015
|
|
$
|
94,015
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
299,867
|
|
$
|
299,867
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair value of positions that
we have classified within the Level 3 category. As a result, the unrealized gains and losses for assets and liabilities within the Level 3 category presented in the tables above may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both
observable and unobservable inputs. A brief description of the valuation techniques used for Level 3 assets and liabilities is provided below.
Net Revaluation of Retained Interests.
We record the net revaluation of retained interests in the fees and related income from securitized earning assets category in our consolidated statements of operations, specifically as
income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized. The net revaluation of retained interests includes the I/O strip, accrued interest and fees, servicing liabilities associated with our residual interests, amounts due from
securitization, residual interests and issuing bank partner continuing interests. We estimate the present value of future cash flows using a valuation model consisting of internally developed estimates of assumptions third-party participants would
use in determining fair value, including estimates of net collected yield, principal payment rates, expected principal credit loss rates, and discount rates.
Total Realized and Unrealized Losses.
We record total realized and unrealized losses within the fees and related income from non-securitized earning assets category in our consolidated statements of
operations. Certain securities available for sale are classified as Level 3, indicating that significant valuation assumptions are not readily observable in the market due to limited liquidity. For these securities, we measure fair value using the
best available data, in the form of quotes provided directly by various dealers associated with the securities and third-party valuations, when available.
Valuations and Techniques for Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
We also have assets that under
certain conditions are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets include those associated with acquired businesses, including goodwill and other intangible assets. For these assets, measurement at fair value in
periods subsequent to their initial recognition is applicable if one or more of these assets is determined to be impaired. We were required to make such a determination of the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets associated with our Retail
Micro-Loans segment in the first quarter of 2008 by reason of our decision to discontinue and sell that segments Texas operations. We estimated the fair value of these assets using Level 3 inputs, specifically discounted cash flow projections
reflecting our best estimate of what third-party participants would use in determining fair value, including estimates of yield, default rates, same store growth rates and payment rates. We recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $1.1
million in the first quarter of 2008 to record the goodwill of our continuing Retail Micro-Loans segment operations at its estimated fair value. While fair value measurements of Retail Micro-Loans segments assets held for sale were required in the
second quarter of 2008, no fair value measurements of goodwill and intangible assets were required of us during the second quarter of 2008.
For our assets measured on a non-recurring basis at fair value, the table below summarizes (in thousands) fair values as of June 30, 2008 by fair value hierarchy:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
|
|
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Total Assets
Measured at
Fair Value
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
96,016
|
|
$
|
96,016
|
Intangibles, net
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
6,998
|
|
$
|
6,998
|
Assets held for sale (net of liabilities related thereto)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
1,803
|
|
$
|
1,668
|
|
$
|
3,471
|
9. Convertible Senior Notes, Notes
Payable and Other Borrowings
Convertible Senior Notes
In June 2008, we repurchased $13.3 million in face amount of our $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.625% convertible senior notes due 2025 and $36.7 million in face amount of our $300.0 million
aggregate principal amount of 5.875% convertible senior notes due 2035. The purchase price for these notes totaled $21.4 million (including accrued interest) and resulted in an aggregate gain of $28.4 million (net of their applicable share of
deferred costs, which were written off in connection with the purchases). The aggregate $50.0 million of repurchased convertible senior notes are held in treasury and have been netted against the aggregate $550.0 million face amount of the
originally issued convertible senior notes on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
18
Notes Payable and Other Borrowings
Notes payable and other borrowings consist of the following (in millions) as of June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
2008
|
Structured financings within our Auto Finance segment, average rate 4.8%, payable to 2008 through 2013 ($139.5 payable in September 2008 and
$63.4 amortizing with liquidation of underlying purchased auto finance receivables pool 2008 through 2013)
|
|
$
|
202.9
|
Third-party financing of Auto Finance segment receivables, rate of 7.3%, due January 2009
|
|
|
13.9
|
Third-party financing of Auto Finance segment inventory, rate of 12.0%, month-to-month
|
|
|
2.8
|
Vendor-financed software and equipment acquisitions, rates from 2% to 7%, payable 2008 through 2009
|
|
|
6.8
|
Month-End Money (MEM) U.K. Internet micro-loan operations secured debt, rate of 6.6%, payable on demand
|
|
|
10.0
|
MEM subordinated debt, rate of 9.0%, payable through 2009
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Total notes payable and other borrowings
|
|
$
|
236.9
|
|
|
|
|
We are in compliance with the covenants underlying all of our various notes payable and other
borrowings.
10. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to net
tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and accounted for under the purchase method. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
, (Statement No. 142)
requires that entities assess the fair value of all acquisition-related goodwill on a reporting unit basis. We review the recorded value of goodwill for impairment at least annually at the beginning of the fourth quarter of each year, or earlier if
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair value.
Changes in the carrying amount (in thousands)
of goodwill by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2008 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retail Micro-
Loans
|
|
|
Auto
Finance
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Consolidated
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2006
|
|
$
|
97,955
|
|
|
$
|
22,160
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
120,115
|
|
Goodwill acquired during the period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,435
|
|
|
22,868
|
|
|
|
31,303
|
|
Purchase price adjustment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
Foreign currency translation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
304
|
|
|
|
304
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of June 30, 2007
|
|
$
|
97,955
|
|
|
$
|
30,868
|
|
$
|
23,172
|
|
|
$
|
151,995
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
44,346
|
|
|
$
|
30,868
|
|
$
|
21,955
|
|
|
$
|
97,169
|
|
Foreign currency translation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
Impairment loss
|
|
|
(1,132
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,132
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
43,214
|
|
|
$
|
30,868
|
|
$
|
21,934
|
|
|
$
|
96,016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In connection with our first quarter 2008 decision to sell our Texas retail micro-loans operations
and hold those operations for sale, we allocated goodwill between our retained Retail Micro-Loans segment operations and our discontinued Texas operations, thereby resulting in a $1.1 million impairment loss in the six months ended June 30,
2008.
19
Intangible Assets
We had $2.3 million of intangible assets that we determined had an indefinite benefit period as of both June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. The net unamortized carrying amount of intangible assets subject
to amortization was $4.6 million as of June 30, 2008 and $5.9 million as of December 31, 2007. Intangible asset-related amortization expense was $0.6 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007,
respectively and $1.2 million and $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
General
In the normal course of business through the origination of unsecured credit card receivables, we incur off-balance-sheet risks. These risks include our commitments of $1.8 billion at June 30, 2008 to purchase
receivables associated with cardholders who have the right to borrow in excess of their current balances up to the maximum credit limit on their credit card accounts. These commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risks in excess
of the amounts we have securitized. We have not experienced a situation in which all of our customers have exercised their entire available line of credit at any given point in time, nor do we anticipate this will ever occur in the future. We also
have the effective right to reduce or cancel these available lines of credit at any time.
For various credit card receivables portfolio
investments we have made through our subsidiaries and equity-method investees, we have entered into guarantee agreements and/or note purchase agreements whereby we have agreed to guarantee the purchase of or purchase directly additional interests in
portfolios of credit card receivables owned by trusts, the retained interests in which are owned by our subsidiaries and equity-method investees, should there be net new growth in the receivables or should collections not be available to fund new
cardholder purchases. As of June 30, 2008, neither we nor any of our subsidiaries or equity-method investees had purchased or been required to purchase any additional notes under the note purchase agreements. Our guarantee is limited to our
respective ownership percentages in the various subsidiaries and equity-method investees multiplied by the total amount of the notes that each of the subsidiaries and equity-method investees could be required to purchase. As of June 30, 2008,
the maximum aggregate amount of our collective guarantees and direct purchase obligations related to all of our subsidiaries and equity-method investees was $282.9 milliona decrease from the $369.3 million level at December 31, 2007 as a
result of the continued liquidation of our purchased portfolios. In general, this aggregate contingency amount will decline in the absence of portfolio acquisitions as the aggregate amount of credit available to cardholders for future purchases
declines along with our liquidation of the purchased portfolios and a corresponding reduction in the number of open cardholder accounts. The acquired credit card receivables portfolios of all of our affected subsidiaries and equity-method investees
have declined with each passing quarter since acquisition and we expect them to continue to decline because we expect payments and charge offs combined to exceed new purchases each month. We currently do not have any liability recorded with respect
to these guarantees or direct purchase obligations, but we will record one if events occur that make payment probable under the guarantees or direct purchase obligations. The fair value of these guarantees and direct purchase obligations is not
material.
Our agreements with our third-party originating financial institutions require us to purchase on a daily basis the credit card
receivables that are originated in the accounts maintained for our benefit. To secure this obligation for one of our third-party originating financial institutions, Columbus Bank and Trust Company, we have provided the financial institution a
$10.0 million standby letter of credit and have pledged retained interests carried at $83.5 million at June 30, 2008. Our arrangements with this financial institution expire in March 2009, although we have instructed the financial
institution to transfer all accounts to another financial institution, and we expect these arrangements to terminate earlier. (See further discussion in the Litigation discussion below.)
Our other third-party originating financial institution relationships require security for our
daily purchases of their credit card receivables, and we have pledged $23.1 million in collateral as such security as of June 30, 2008. In addition, in connection with our April 2007 U.K. Portfolio acquisition, we guarantee certain
obligations of our subsidiaries and our third-party originating financial institution to Visa
®
Europe ($12.8 million as of June 30, 2008). Those obligations include, among other
things, compliance with Visa
®
Europes operating regulations and by-laws. We also guarantee the certain performance obligations of our servicer subsidiary to the indenture trustee and
the trust created under the securitization relating to our U.K. Portfolio.
Also, under the agreements with our third-party originating
financial institutions, we have agreed to indemnify the financial institutions for certain costs associated with the financial institutions card issuance and other lending activities on our behalf. Our indemnification obligations generally are
limited to instances in which we either (1) have been afforded the opportunity to defend against any potentially indemnifiable claims or (2) have reached agreement with the financial institutions regarding settlement of potentially
indemnifiable claims.
20
Total System Services, Inc. provides certain services to us as a system of record provider. Were we to
terminate our U.S. relationship prior to the contractual termination period, we would incur significant penalties ($35.5 million as of June 30, 2008); we have no intention, however, of terminating this agreement, which in May 2008 was
renegotiated and extended through May 2015.
One of our most significant sources of liquidity is the securitization of credit card
receivables. The maturity terms of our securitizations vary. As of December 31, 2007, securitization facilities underlying our securitization trusts included: a six-year term securitization facility (expiring October 2010), a two-year variable
funding securitization facility with renewal options (expiring January 2010), a five-year term securitization facility (expiring October 2009), and a one-year conduit securitization facility with renewal options (term expiring September 2008) issued
out of our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust; a two-year amortizing securitization facility (expiring December 2009) and a two-year variable funding securitization facility (expiring March 2009) issued out of our lower-tier originated
portfolio master trust; a multi-year variable funding securitization facility (expiring September 2014) issued out of the trust associated with our securitization of $92.0 million and $72.1 million (face amount) in credit card receivables
acquired in 2004 and 2005, respectively; an amortizing term securitization facility (denominated and referenced in U.K. sterling and expiring April 2014) issued out of the trust underlying our U.K. Portfolio securitization; and a ten-year amortizing
term securitization facility issued out of our Embarcadero Trust (expiring January 2014).
While we have never triggered an early
amortization within any of the series underlying our arranged securitization facilities and do not believe that we will, we may trigger an early amortization of one or more of the outstanding series within our securitization trusts. As each
securitization facility expires or comes up for renewal, there can be no assurance that the facility will be renewed, or if renewed, there can be no assurance that the terms will be as favorable as the terms that currently exist. Either of these
events could significantly increase our need for additional liquidity.
Litigation
We are involved in various legal proceedings that are incidental to the conduct of our business. The material proceedings are described below.
We and five of our subsidiaries are defendants in a purported class action lawsuit entitled
Knox, et al., vs. First Southern Cash Advance, et
al.
, No 5 CV 0445, filed in the Superior Court of New Hanover County, North Carolina, on February 8, 2005. The plaintiffs allege that in conducting a so-called payday lending business, certain of our Retail
Micro-Loans segment subsidiaries violated various laws governing consumer finance, lending, check cashing, trade practices and loan brokering. The plaintiffs further allege that we are the alter ego of our subsidiaries and are liable for their
actions. The plaintiffs are seeking damages of up to $75,000 per class member. We are vigorously defending this lawsuit. These claims are similar to those that have been asserted against several other market participants in transactions involving
small balance, short-term loans made to consumers in North Carolina.
Commencing in June 2006, the FDIC began investigating the policies,
practices and procedures used in connection with our credit card originating financial institution relationships. In December 2006, the FTC commenced a related investigation. In general, the investigations focused upon whether marketing and other
materials contained misrepresentations regarding, among other things, fees and credit limits and whether servicing and collection practices were conducted in accordance with applicable law. We provided substantial information to both the FDIC and
FTC, and held settlement discussions with the FDIC and FTC. In April 2008, we entered into an agreement in principle with the FTC and FDIC in order to resolve the investigations. The agreement contemplated formal settlement agreements with both
the FTC and FDIC and was conditioned on the FDICs entering into settlement agreements with three of our issuing banks. Under the agreement in principle, and under the contemplated settlement agreements, we would have issued approximately $80
million in credits, the cash cost and pre-tax earnings effects of which would have been approximately $7.5 millionan amount we have accrued as a reserve on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of both March 31, 2008 and
June 30, 2008. Even though we reached agreement with the FTC and FDIC on the terms of our settlement agreements, two of the three issuing banks were unable to reach agreement with the FDIC. As a result, on June 10, 2008, the FTC commenced
an action against us and one of our subsidiaries in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia entitled
Federal Trade Commission vs. CompuCredit et al
., Case No. 1:08ev01976-BBM-RGV, and the FDIC commenced
three administrative proceedings against us (each of which is assigned dual case numbers), Nos. FDIC-08-139b, FDIC-08-140k, FDIC-07-256b, FDIC-07-257k, FDIC 07-228b and FDIC-07-260k, two of which also are against the issuing banks that did not reach
agreement with the FDIC. In general, the actions allege that we and our bank partners overstated the amount of available credit and inadequately disclosed up-front fees and that one of our subsidiaries misrepresented when certain accounts would be
treated as paid in full and utilized prohibited telephone collection practices. We are vigorously contesting these actions. We continue to believe, however, that our marketing and other materials and servicing and collection practices
previously complied with, and continue to comply with, applicable law. Although it is premature to determine the ultimate outcome of these actions, we do not believe that the outcome will be material to our financial condition. These actions
currently are the subject of answers or motions to dismiss.
On May 23, 2008, CompuCredit and one of our subsidiaries filed a
complaint against Columbus Bank and Trust Company and Synovus Financial Corporation (collectively, CB&T) in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia in
21
an action entitled
CompuCredit Corporation et al. vs. CB&T et al
., Civil Action No. 08-EV-004730-F. Among other things, the complaint as now
amended alleges that CB&T, in violation of its contractual obligations, failed to provide CompuCredit rebates, marketing fees, revenues or other fees or discounts that were paid or granted by Visa
®
, MasterCard
®
, or other card associations with respect to or apportionable to accounts covered by CB&Ts agreements with us and other consideration
due to us. The complaint also alleges that CB&T refused to approve changes requested by us to the terms of the credit card accounts and refused to transfer credit card accounts to our third-party designees, all in violation of the agreements
among the parties. This complaint currently is the subject of a motion to dismiss.
On June 11, 2008, CB&T filed a complaint
against us and one of our subsidiaries in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia,
CB&T vs. CompuCredit Corporation et al
., Civil Action no. 4:08cv78. In general, the complaint requests that the court order us
to implement certain changes to the terms of the CB&T-issued credit cards. We are vigorously contesting this complaint. This complaint currently is the subject of a motion to dismiss.
On July 14, 2008, CompuCredit and four of our officers, David G. Hanna, Richard R. House, Jr., Richard W. Gilbert and J.Paul Whitehead III, were
named as defendants in a purported class action securities case filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia entitled
Waterford Township General Employees Retirement System vs. CompuCredit Corporation, et
al.
, Civil Action No. 08-CV-2270. In general, the complaint alleges that we made false and misleading statements (or concealed information) regarding the nature of our assets, accounting for loan losses, marketing and collection practices,
exposure to sub-prime losses, ability to lend funds, and expected future performance. We are vigorously contesting this complaint. The defendants intend to file a motion to dismiss.
Our debt collections subsidiary, Jefferson Capital, is a party to a series of agreements with Encore. In general, Encore is obligated to purchase from
Jefferson Capital certain defaulted credit card receivables. The agreements also require Encore to sell certain charged off receivables to Jefferson Capital under its balance transfer program and chapter 13 bankruptcy agreements. On July 10,
2008, Encore did not purchase certain accounts as contemplated by the agreements, alleging that the accounts that it was required to purchase failed to meet certain representations and warranties set forth in the agreements, generally as a result of
the allegations made by the FTC as described above. In connection with its failure, Encore alleged that CompuCredit and Jefferson Capital were in breach of certain representations and warranties within the agreements. We are vigorously contesting
this dispute. This dispute has been submitted to the American Arbitration Association for resolution.
12. Net Loss Per Common Share
The following table sets forth the computation of net loss per common share (in thousands, except per share data):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
(42,775
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6,601
|
)
|
|
$
|
(37,262
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,470
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
(2,145
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,415
|
)
|
|
$
|
(5,190
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9,062
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(44,920
|
)
|
|
$
|
(11,016
|
)
|
|
$
|
(42,452
|
)
|
|
$
|
(13,532
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
|
|
|
46,785
|
|
|
|
48,485
|
|
|
|
46,763
|
|
|
|
49,369
|
|
Effect of dilutive stock options, warrants and restricted shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding
|
|
|
46,785
|
|
|
|
48,485
|
|
|
|
46,763
|
|
|
|
49,369
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations per common sharebasic
|
|
$
|
(0.91
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.80
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations per common sharediluted
|
|
$
|
(0.91
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.80
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations per common sharebasic
|
|
$
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.11
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.18
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations per common sharediluted
|
|
$
|
(0.05
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.11
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.18
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common share basic
|
|
$
|
(0.96
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.23
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.91
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.27
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common share diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.96
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.23
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.91
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.27
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22
As their effects were anti-dilutive due to our net losses for the three and six month periods ending on
both June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2007, we excluded all of our stock options and unvested restricted shares from our net loss per common share calculations in all of these periods.
13. Stock-Based Compensation
As of June 30,
2008, we had two stock-based employee compensation plans (our Employee Stock Purchase Plan and our 2008 Equity Incentive Plan). The 2008 Equity Incentive Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted
stock awards, restricted stock units and incentive awards. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under this plan and to which awards may relate is 2,000,000 shares, and as of June 30,
2008, 1,602,343 shares remained available for grant under this plan. Upon shareholder approval of the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan in May 2008, all remaining shares available for grant under our previous stock option and restricted stock plans
were terminated. In the three months ended June 30, 2008, we recognized income tax benefits of $0.07 million within additional paid-in capital related to our stock-based compensation plans, while for the six months ended June 30, 2008, we
recognized an income tax-related charge to paid-in capital associated with our stock-based compensation plans of $1.0 million.
Stock Options
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, we expensed compensation costs of $0.5 million and $1.0
million, respectively, related to our stock option plans. We recognize stock-option-related compensation expense for any awards with graded vesting on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for the entire award.
A summary of the status of our stock options as of June 30, 2008 and changes for the six months then ended is presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
Shares
|
|
|
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
|
|
Weighted
Average of
Remaining
Contractual
Life
|
|
Aggregate
Intrinsic value
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2008
|
|
666,264
|
|
|
$
|
36.99
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
200,000
|
|
|
|
8.66
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
(11,000
|
)
|
|
|
6.72
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled/Forfeited
|
|
(183
|
)
|
|
|
12.28
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at June 30, 2008
|
|
855,081
|
|
|
$
|
30.76
|
|
4.37
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at June 30, 2008
|
|
105,081
|
|
|
$
|
22.26
|
|
1.48
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23
As of June 30, 2008, our unamortized deferred compensation costs associated with unvested stock
options were $5.3 million, which we are amortizing over a weighted-average remaining amortization period of 4.2 years. We received $0.07 million in cash proceeds from stock option exercises during the six months ended June 30, 2008.
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we granted an aggregate of 87,895 and 666,545 shares, respectively, of restricted stock and restricted stock units with an aggregate grant date fair value of $0.5 million and $6.0
million, respectively. Our restricted stock and restricted stock unit grants generally vest over a range of 24 to 60 months, and we are amortizing associated deferred compensation amounts to compensation expense ratably over the vesting period.
As of June 30, 2008, our unamortized deferred compensation costs associated with unvested restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards were $16.1 million with a weighted-average remaining amortization period of 2.6 years.
Occasionally, we issue or sell stock in our subsidiaries to certain members of the subsidiaries management teams. The terms of these awards vary
but generally include vesting periods comparable to those of stock issued under our restricted stock and restricted stock unit grants. Generally, these shares can be converted to cash or our stock at our discretion after the specified vesting period
and holding period in unrestricted form or the occurrence of other contractual events. Ownership in these shares constitutes minority interests in the subsidiaries. We are amortizing this compensation cost commensurate with the applicable vesting
period. The weighted average remaining vesting period for stock still subject to restrictions was 2.7 years as of June 30, 2008.
24
ITEM 2.
|
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
|
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included herein and
our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, where certain terms (including trust, subsidiary and other entity names and financial, operating and statistical measures) have been defined.
This Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes forward-looking statements. We have based these
forward-looking statements on our current plans, expectations and beliefs about future events. Actual results could differ materially because of factors discussed in Risk Factors in Part II, Item 1A and elsewhere in this report.
OVERVIEW
We are a provider of various credit and related financial services and products to or associated with the financially underserved consumer credit marketa market represented by credit risks that regulators
classify as sub-prime. We principally serve these markets through our marketing and solicitation of credit card accounts and our servicing of various credit card receivables underlying both originated and acquired accounts. We contract
with third-party financial institutions pursuant to which the financial institutions issue general purpose Visa
®
and MasterCard
®
credit cards, and we purchase the receivables relating to such accounts on a daily basis. We market to cardholders other ancillary products, including credit and identity theft monitoring, health discount programs, shopping discount programs, debt
waiver and life insurance. Our product and service offerings also include small-balance, short-term cash advance loansgenerally less than $1,000 (or the equivalent thereof in the British pound for pound-denominated loans) for thirty days
or less and to which we refer as micro-loans; the loans are marketed through various channels, including retail branch locations and the Internet. We also originate auto loans through franchised auto dealers, purchase and/or service auto
loans from or for a pre-qualified network of dealers in the buy-here, pay-here used car business and sell used automobiles through our own buy-here, pay-here lots. Lastly, our licensed debt collections subsidiary purchases and collects previously
charged-off receivables from us, the trusts that we service and third parties.
The most significant business changes or events during the
three months ended June 30, 2008 were the sale of our Texas retail micro-loan operations, ongoing difficulties in the liquidity markets to raise new funds in order to originate loans, the commencement of litigation against us by the FDIC and
FTC that is discussed below, and the commencement of other litigation both by and against us that is discussed in detail elsewhere in this Report.
Our credit card and other operations are heavily regulated, and over time we change how we conduct our operations either in response to regulation or in keeping with our goals of continuing to lead the industry in the application of
consumer-friendly credit card practices. For example, during the third and fourth quarters of 2006 we discontinued billing finance charges and fees on credit card accounts that become over ninety days delinquent. This change had significant adverse
effects on our fourth quarter 2006 and first quarter 2007 managed receivables net interest margins and other income ratios. We also made certain changes to our collections programs and practices throughout 2007, and these changes have had the effect
of increasing our delinquencies and expected future charge off levels and ratios. Moreover, we made further changes in the fourth quarter of 2007 that adversely affected fee income and will continue to negatively affect our future other income
ratios and/or delinquency and charge off levels and ratios. We foresee making further changes to our account management practices in the future and are unable to predict the effects of these changes at this time.
Commencing in June 2006, the FDIC began investigating the policies, practices and procedures used in connection with our credit card originating
financial institution relationships. In December 2006, the FTC commenced a related investigation. In general, the investigations focused upon whether marketing and other materials contained misrepresentations regarding, among other things, fees and
credit limits and whether servicing and collection practices were conducted in accordance with applicable law. We provided substantial information to both the FDIC and FTC, and held settlement discussions with the FDIC and FTC. In April 2008,
we entered into an agreement in principle with the FTC and FDIC in order to resolve the investigations. The agreement contemplated formal settlement agreements with both the FTC and FDIC and was conditioned on the FDICs entering into
settlement agreements with three of our issuing banks. Under the agreement in principle, and under the contemplated settlement agreements, we would have issued approximately $80 million in credits, the cash cost and pre-tax earnings effects of which
would have been approximately $7.5 millionan amount we have accrued as a reserve on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of both March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2008. Even though we reached agreement with the FTC and FDIC on the
terms of our settlement agreements, two of the three issuing banks were unable to reach agreement with the FDIC. As a result, on June 10, 2008, the FTC commenced an action against us and one of our subsidiaries in the United States District
Court for the Northern District of Georgia entitled
Federal Trade Commission vs. CompuCredit et al
., Case No. 1:08ev01976-BBM-RGV, and the FDIC commenced three administrative proceedings against us (each of which is assigned dual case
numbers), Nos. FDIC-08-139b, FDIC-08-140k, FDIC-07-256b, FDIC-07-257k, FDIC 07-228b and FDIC-07-260k, two of which also are against the issuing banks that did not reach agreement with the FDIC. In general, the actions allege that we and our bank
partners overstated the amount of available of credit and inadequately disclosed up-front fees and that one of our subsidiaries misrepresented when certain accounts would be treated as paid in full and utilized prohibited telephone
collection practices. We are vigorously contesting these actions. We continue to believe, however, that our marketing and other materials and
25
servicing and collection practices previously complied with, and continue to comply with, applicable law. Although it is premature to determine the ultimate
outcome of these actions, we do not believe that the outcome will be material to our financial condition. These actions currently are the subject of answers or motions to dismiss.
Subject to the availability of liquidity to us at attractive terms and pricing, our shareholders should expect us to continue to evaluate and pursue for
acquisition additional credit card receivables portfolios, and potentially other financial assets that are complementary to our financially underserved credit card business. Our focus is on making good economic decisions that will result in high
returns on equity to our shareholders over a long-term horizon, even if these decisions may result in volatile earnings under GAAPsuch as in the case of incurring significant marketing expenses in one particular quarter to facilitate expected
future long-term growth and profitability or in the case of the accounting requirements for securitizations under Statement No. 140. To the extent we grow our overall portfolio of credit card receivables (through origination, acquisition or
other new channels) and then securitize these assets, for example, we will have securitization gains or losses, which may be material; this happened during the fourth quarter of 2007 with our securitization of our lower-tier credit card
receivablesa transaction that generated $211.1 million of pre-tax income in that quarter. For further discussion of our historic results and the impact of securitization accounting on our results, see the Results of Operations and
Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources sections below, as well as our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included herein.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Below is a comparison of continuous operations results for the
three and six month periods ending June 30, 2007 and 2008, respectively:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008 vs. 2007
|
|
Total interest income
|
|
$
|
26,256
|
|
|
$
|
100,970
|
|
|
$
|
(74,714
|
)
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(10,375
|
)
|
|
|
(17,079
|
)
|
|
|
6,704
|
|
Fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retail micro-loan fees
|
|
|
17,451
|
|
|
|
22,562
|
|
|
|
(5,111
|
)
|
Fees on lower-tier credit card receivables while held on balance sheet
|
|
|
205
|
|
|
|
146,848
|
|
|
|
(146,643
|
)
|
Income on investments in previously charged-off receivables
|
|
|
13,585
|
|
|
|
15,735
|
|
|
|
(2,150
|
)
|
Losses on investments in securities
|
|
|
(1,090
|
)
|
|
|
(28,486
|
)
|
|
|
27,396
|
|
Internet micro-loan fees
|
|
|
10,052
|
|
|
|
2,361
|
|
|
|
7,691
|
|
Gross profit on auto sales
|
|
|
8,909
|
|
|
|
2,430
|
|
|
|
6,479
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,568
|
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
|
|
368
|
|
Other operating income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securitization gains
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,957
|
|
|
|
(100,957
|
)
|
Income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized
|
|
|
(68,614
|
)
|
|
|
(33,828
|
)
|
|
|
(34,786
|
)
|
Fees on securitized receivables
|
|
|
7,499
|
|
|
|
4,859
|
|
|
|
2,640
|
|
Servicing income
|
|
|
44,868
|
|
|
|
27,191
|
|
|
|
17,677
|
|
Ancillary and interchange revenue
|
|
|
15,710
|
|
|
|
18,563
|
|
|
|
(2,853
|
)
|
Gain on repurchase of convertible senior notes
|
|
|
28,424
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,424
|
|
Equity in income of equity-method investees
|
|
|
6,982
|
|
|
|
9,580
|
|
|
|
(2,598
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenue
|
|
$
|
101,430
|
|
|
$
|
373,863
|
|
|
$
|
(272,433
|
)
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
16,103
|
|
|
|
199,690
|
|
|
|
(183,587
|
)
|
Other operating expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries and benefits
|
|
|
17,908
|
|
|
|
17,616
|
|
|
|
292
|
|
Card and loan servicing
|
|
|
69,989
|
|
|
|
74,655
|
|
|
|
(4,666
|
)
|
Marketing and solicitation
|
|
|
17,081
|
|
|
|
49,873
|
|
|
|
(32,792
|
)
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
7,405
|
|
|
|
10,093
|
|
|
|
(2,688
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
36,307
|
|
|
|
31,562
|
|
|
|
4,745
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(518
|
)
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
1,312
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008 vs. 2007
|
|
Total interest income
|
|
$
|
51,255
|
|
|
$
|
186,853
|
|
|
$
|
(135,598
|
)
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(21,849
|
)
|
|
|
(32,863
|
)
|
|
|
11,014
|
|
Fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retail micro-loan fees
|
|
|
37,025
|
|
|
|
43,960
|
|
|
|
(6,935
|
)
|
Fees on lower-tier credit card receivables while held on balance sheet
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
267,807
|
|
|
|
(267,305
|
)
|
Income on investments in previously charged-off receivables
|
|
|
34,727
|
|
|
|
32,919
|
|
|
|
1,808
|
|
Losses on investments in securities
|
|
|
(6,251
|
)
|
|
|
(25,724
|
)
|
|
|
19,473
|
|
Internet micro-loan fees
|
|
|
17,770
|
|
|
|
2,361
|
|
|
|
15,409
|
|
Gross profit on auto sales
|
|
|
18,007
|
|
|
|
3,444
|
|
|
|
14,563
|
|
Other
|
|
|
4,189
|
|
|
|
2,123
|
|
|
|
2,066
|
|
Other operating income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securitization gains
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,957
|
|
|
|
(100,957
|
)
|
Income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized
|
|
|
(34,394
|
)
|
|
|
(19,266
|
)
|
|
|
(15,128
|
)
|
Fees on securitized receivables
|
|
|
15,770
|
|
|
|
9,999
|
|
|
|
5,771
|
|
Servicing income
|
|
|
93,154
|
|
|
|
46,086
|
|
|
|
47,068
|
|
Ancillary and interchange revenue
|
|
|
31,131
|
|
|
|
30,324
|
|
|
|
807
|
|
Gain on repurchase of convertible senior notes
|
|
|
28,424
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,424
|
|
Equity in income of equity-method investees
|
|
|
15,456
|
|
|
|
19,299
|
|
|
|
(3,843
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenue
|
|
$
|
284,916
|
|
|
$
|
668,279
|
|
|
$
|
(383,363
|
)
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
36,509
|
|
|
|
331,314
|
|
|
|
(294,805
|
)
|
Other operating expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries and benefits
|
|
|
36,687
|
|
|
|
35,929
|
|
|
|
758
|
|
Card and loan servicing
|
|
|
146,427
|
|
|
|
140,725
|
|
|
|
5,702
|
|
Marketing and solicitation
|
|
|
32,940
|
|
|
|
85,662
|
|
|
|
(52,722
|
)
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
17,359
|
|
|
|
19,687
|
|
|
|
(2,328
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
65,438
|
|
|
|
60,658
|
|
|
|
4,780
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
1,501
|
|
|
|
1,506
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2008, Compared to the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2007
Total interest income.
Total interest income consists primarily of finance charges and late fees earned on loans and
fees receivable we have not securitized in off-balance-sheet securitization transactionsprincipally from our lower-tier credit card receivables until our securitization of them in December 2007 and from our Auto Finance segment. The decreases
are primarily due to our December 2007 securitization of our lower-tier credit card receivables. We reported $74.2 million and $137.0 million of total interest income on these receivables during the three and six months ended June 30, 2007,
respectively, while income associated with our retained interest in the securitization trust underlying these receivables now is reported exclusively within fees and related income on securitized earning assets on our consolidated statements of
operations. Our total interest income in successive quarters of this year will be below levels experienced during comparable quarters of 2007 for this reason.
Excluding interest from our lower-tier credit card receivables, we experienced slight increases in total interest income. We generated strong increases in our Auto Finance segment, resulting from growth in its
underlying receivables and from acquisitions we made in the first quarter of 2007.
Also included within total interest income (under the
other category on our condensed consolidated statements of operations) is interest income we earned on our various investments in debt securities, including interest earned on bonds distributed to us from our equity-method investees and on our
subordinated, certificated interest in the Embarcadero Trust. Principal amortization caused a reduction in interest income levels associated with some of our bonds and the Embarcadero Trust interest. Moreover, our reduced holdings of bonds issued by
other third-party asset-backed securitizations contributed further to our reduced other interest income levels compared to those experienced in 2007. Subsequent to the end of our second quarter of 2008, we liquidated our remaining investments in
third-party asset-backed securities in response to margin calls; as such, we will not have any continuing interest income associated with these investments.
27
Interest expense.
The decrease is primarily due to our December 2007 securitization of our
lower-tier credit card receivables; interest expense associated with these receivables was $3.4 million and $7.4 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively; whereas, all interest costs associated with these
receivables now are borne by our lower-tier originated portfolio master trust. Income associated with our retained interest in this securitization trust (net of interest costs) is reported exclusively within fees and related income on securitized
earning assets on our consolidated statements of operations. Excluding the above amounts, the decrease in interest expense relates primarily to reduced levels of collateralized financing associated with our investments in third-party asset-backed
securitizations. With our now complete disposition of these investments, we will not incur any further interest costs associated with the financing of these investments.
We also experienced reduced interest costs within our Auto Finance segment, and unless we secure the capital necessary to significantly grow our asset base underlying our Auto Finance segment debt facilities in 2008,
which is not expected, we anticipate a modest further drop in 2008 Auto Finance segment interest expense levels.
We did, however,
experience higher interests costs within our MEM U.K. Internet-based micro-loan operations, reflecting our acquisition of these operations in the second quarter of 2007 and its subsequent funding of receivables growth by drawing on its available
credit lines. Based on the current debt financing capacity within MEMs operations and absent an increase in its borrowing capacity, we expect only modest increases in its growth and interest costs in successive quarters of this year. We
currently are at advanced stages in negotiating additional borrowing capacity for MEM, however, which if completed as expected, could accelerate its latter half of 2008 growth in revenues and associated interest costs.
Fees and related income on non-securitized earning assets.
The factors affecting our levels of fees and related income on non-securitized
earning assets include:
|
|
|
the securitization of our lower-tier credit card receivables in December 2007, which caused a decrease of $146.6 million and $267.3 million in the three and six
months ended June 30, 2008;
|
|
|
|
lower 2008 retail micro-loan fees due to (1) our substantial termination in late 2007 of a loan program in which we were the lender for underlying micro-loans
arranged by three different U.S. credit service organizations, (2) our belief, which is shared by other retail micro-loan providers, that tax stimulus payments received by consumers in the second quarter of 2008 temporarily diminished consumer
demand for retail micro-loans; and (3) our conservative second quarter 2008 approach to loan generation in Ohio while we await approval of regulatory filings that we have made for an alternative loan product in that state due to legislative
changes enacted in that state during the second quarterfactors that also are expected to contribute to lower third and fourth quarter of 2008 retail micro-loan revenues relative to comparable 2007 periods;
|
|
|
|
a decrease in income within our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment of $2.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2008 and a $1.8
million increase in this segments income in the six months ended June 30, 2008the $1.8 million increase reflecting (1) growth in the segments balance transfer program and Chapter 13 bankruptcy activities and
(2) heightened levels of previously charged-off receivables sales under our forward flow contract with Encore with correspondingly greater accretion of deferred revenue (in part due to the release of a portion of $10.0 million in escrowed
Encore monies to us), and the $2.2 million decrease reflecting (1) the dispute with Encore based on its failure to continue purchases of previously charged-off receivables under our forward flow contract with them as discussed in detail within
the
Investment in Previously Charged-Off Receivables Segment
section below, (2) increased pricing paid by this segment upon the expiration of one of its more favorably priced forward flow agreements for previously charged-off paper
purchases; and (3) the adverse effects of announced FDIC and FTC enforcement actions on this segments ability to solicit accounts under its balance transfer program.
|
|
|
|
an increase of $27.4 and $19.5 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, representing lower levels of losses on our portfolio of
investments in debt and equity securities as compared to the same periods of 2007;
|
|
|
|
increases of $7.7 million and $15.4 million of Internet micro-loan fees in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, reflecting our
acquisition of MEM in the second quarter of 2007 and subsequent growth in its operations; and
|
|
|
|
$6.8 million and $14.9 million of higher gross profits on automotive vehicle sales in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, relating to
our Just Right Auto Sales (JRAS) operations, which we acquired during the first quarter of 2007 and subsequently have expanded.
|
Based on our June 30, 2008 valuation of our investments in third-party asset-backed securities at zero coupled with the disposition of all of these investments, we believe we will have no further losses in
connection with these investments.
Prospects for continued 2008 income growth within our Investments in Previously Charged-off Receivables
segment are uncertain due to each of the factors cited above (and discussed further in the
Investment in Previously Charged-Off Receivables Segment
section below), as well as an anticipated reduction in the volume of charge offs that the
segment is expected to purchase from
28
our lower-tier originated portfolio master trust relative to recent quarters. In the first and second quarters of 2008, the Investments in Previously
Charged-off Receivables segment acquired substantial volumes from the large vintages of second and third quarter 2007 lower-tier credit card receivables originations that reached peak charge-off levels in the first and second quarters of 2008.
Absent the prompt resolution of our disputes with Encore, the segment will experience sizable declines in activities and income in the third and fourth quarters of this year as compared to the first two quarters of 2008 and comparable quarters of
2007.
Lastly, we currently expect continued growth in gross profits from our JRAS operations and fees from our U.K.-based Internet
micro-loan operations within MEM as both of these entities continue to execute on their modest growth plans throughout 2008.
Fees
and related income on securitized earning assets.
Fees and related income on securitized earning assets include (1) securitization gains, (2) income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized and
(3) returned-check, cash advance and other fees associated with our securitized credit card receivables.
In the three months ended
June 30, 2007, we acquired our U.K. Portfolio of approximately £490 million ($970 million) of gross face amount of credit card receivables and immediately securitized the portfolio, generating $100.4 million securitization gain in
that period. Given the current net liquidating status of each of our credit card receivables portfolios within their respective securitization trusts, we have not recognized any securitization gains in the three and six months ended June 30,
2008.
We experienced losses on retained interests in credit card receivables securitized in both the three and six month periods ended
June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2007. The U.K. Portfolio acquisition and subsequent securitization in the second quarter of 2007 resulted in the large gain noted above, but also generated $48.6 million of losses on our retained interests in
that same period. Our other securitized portfolios generated income in the 2007 periods partially offsetting the losses in the U.K. Portfolio. In contrast, the 2008 periods reflect much lower losses on our retained interests in the U.K. Portfolio,
but large losses resulting principally from charge offs associated with our lower-tier credit card receivables that we securitized in December 2007. This portfolio generated high levels of charge offs associated with the record number of new
accounts originated in the second and third quarters of 2007, which negatively impacted our income from retained interests. We note that the effects of these charge offs were significantly, but not entirely, offset by improvements in the relative
value of our retained interests in our lower-tier credit card portfolio master trust (as compared with the March 31, 2008 value, which was depressed by expected second quarter 2008 peak vintage charge offs). Our second quarter 2008 losses on
retained interests in credit card receivables securitized also reflect our inability to re-price accounts owned by CB&T at market-appropriate pricing (a matter that is the subject of litigation between us and CB&T), the continued effects on
fee billings of the fourth quarter 2007 changes made to our billing practices in response to regulatory guidance and comments regarding negative amortization and certain adverse changes to our retained interest valuation assumptions given current
trends in the U.S. economy.
Fees on securitized receivables increased in the 2008 periods due to our December 2007 securitization of our
lower-tier credit card receivables.
In the
Credit Cards Segment
section below, we provide further details concerning delinquency
and credit quality trends, which affect the level of our income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized and fees on securitized receivables.
Servicing income.
Servicing income increased relative to 2007 levels due to the December 2007 securitization of our lower-tier credit card portfolio and our April 2007 acquisition and securitization of
our U.K. Portfolio for which we have been engaged as servicer, partially offset, however, by the effects on our servicing compensation of liquidations in our other purchased credit card receivables portfolios and those of our equity-method investees
for which we have been engaged as servicer. Relative to the servicing income we generated in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, in the absence of portfolio acquisitions and given currently planned origination levels, we anticipate
decreases in our servicing income levels in successive quarters of 2008 due to our currently liquidating portfolios.
Ancillary and
interchange revenues.
Ancillary and interchange revenues decreased in the three months ended June 30, 2008 but increased in the six months then ended, when compared to the same periods in 2007. The decrease in the three-month period
relates to few new credit card account additions thus far in 2008 and net liquidations that we have experienced thus far in 2008 in all of our credit card receivables portfolios. The increase in the six-month period is due to our April 2007 U.K.
Portfolio acquisition, as we earned revenues from this portfolio for the full six months in 2008 but for only three months in 2007. With slower growth in new credit card account additions expected in 2008 and absent portfolio acquisitions, we expect
further reductions in our ancillary and interchange revenues in successive quarters of 2008 principally because we currently are not originating a significant number of new accounts, thereby resulting in a gradual liquidation of our portfolios.
Gain on repurchase of convertible senior notes.
In June 2008, we repurchased $13.3 million in face amount of our $250.0
million aggregate principal amount of 3.625% convertible senior notes due 2025 and $36.7 million in face amount of our $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% convertible senior notes due 2035. The purchase price for these notes totaled
$21.4 million (including accrued interest) and resulted in a gain of $28.4 million (net of their applicable portion of deferred costs that we wrote off upon their repurchase).
29
Equity in income of equity-method investees.
Equity in income of equity-method investees
decreased primarily due to diminished earnings over time as we continue to liquidate the receivables balances associated with these equity-method investees.
Provision for loan losses.
Our provision for loan losses covers aggregate loss exposures on (1) principal receivable balances, (2) finance charges and late fees receivable
underlying income amounts included within our total interest income category, and (3) other fees receivable. Our December 2007 securitization of our lower-tier credit card receivables is the principal reason for the reductions in our provision
for loan losses; credit losses underlying our retained interests in our securitized lower-tier credit card receivables now are reflected exclusively within fees and related income on securitized earning assets on our consolidated statements of
operations. Partially offsetting the reduction in our provision for loan losses are provisions made associated with receivables growth within our Auto Finance segment relating to the additions of ACC and JRAS in 2007 and subsequent growth in these
operations, as well as receivables growth within our MEM U.K. Internet micro-loan operations, tempered, however, by slower receivables growth within our Retail Micro-Loans segment.
Total other operating expense.
Total other operating expense decreased $35.1 million and $43.8 million in the three and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively, reflecting the following:
|
|
|
decreases of $33.0 million and $53.0 million in marketing and solicitation costs in the three and six-month periods, respectively, due to our desire to preserve
capital given the current dislocation of the liquidity markets and our corresponding scale back in our credit card marketing efforts (whereby, for example, we grossed approximately 310,000 new credit card accounts during the first half of 2008
compared to approximately 1,011,000 in new credit card accounts during the first half of 2007); and
|
|
|
|
decreases in depreciation expense and other expenses due to cost containment measures and diminished costs resulting from our fourth quarter 2007 decision to
discontinue several businesses and initiatives;
|
partially offset by:
|
|
|
a $5.5 million second quarter 2008 impairment charge associated with sub-leases executed in that quarter for 183,461 square feet of office space at our corporate
headquarters;
|
|
|
|
slight increases in salaries and benefits primarily due to personnel additions in connection with our first quarter 2007 Auto Finance segment acquisitions of
JRAS and ACC and our second quarter 2007 acquisition of the U.K. Portfolio, all such increases being offset substantially by diminished salaries and benefits costs resulting from our ongoing cost-cutting efforts and our fourth quarter 2007 decision
to discontinue several businesses and initiatives;
|
|
|
|
increases in card and loan servicing expenses in the six-month period due to (a) an increase from servicing costs associated with the acquisition of our U.K.
Portfolio, (b) an increase from servicing costs associated with our first quarter 2007 JRAS and ACC acquisitions within our Auto Finance segment, (c) a net increase in servicing costs related to growth in receivables during 2007 associated
with our lower-tier credit card offerings, net of diminished servicing costs associated with our credit card portfolios acquired in prior years given their continuing liquidations, and (d) additional costs incurred related to the conversion of
servicing relationships from BarclayCard to us in the first quarter of 2008costs that are not expected to be continued in future periodssuch increases to be contrasted with servicing costs decreases in the three-month period due to
impact of credit card portfolio liquidations after giving effect to the inclusion of the U.K. Portfolio, JRAS and ACC servicing costs for substantially the full three-month period in both 2007 and 2008; and
|
|
|
|
various litigation and other settlement related accruals and costs. (As discussed elsewhere, we are engaged in several significant, and somewhat interrelated,
disputes with the FTC and FDIC, Encore, and CB&T. In our first quarter of this year, we accrued $2.5 million on top of $5.0 million that we had accrued in 2007 for the expected cash and earnings settlement cost of the FTC and FDIC disputes based
upon negotiations between us and the FTC and FDIC that ultimately resulted in an agreement in principle to settle those disputes. That settlement did not occur and litigation ensued. Litigation also commenced with respect to our disputes with Encore
and CB&T, and a purported class action securities case was filed against us and several of our officers as well. In each case we believe that our position is meritorious and that we will prevail. However, it may take substantial litigation to
resolve these disputes. As a result, we expect to incur increased litigation expense over the next several quarters. In addition, as previously was the case in the dispute with the FTC and FDIC, given the expense of litigation we may decide that it
is prudent to settle one or more of these disputes, and any settlement could provide for us to make restitution or other payments.)
|
While we incur certain base levels of fixed costs, the majority of our operating costs are highly variable based on the levels of accounts we market and receivables we service (both for our own account and for others)
and the pace and breadth of our search for, acquisition of and introduction of new business lines, products and services. We have substantially reduced our exploration of new products and services and research and development efforts pending
improvements in the liquidity markets in addition to shutting down various operations that were start-up in nature and were not individually meeting our current capital allocation requirementsthose being that we are seeking to allocate capital
only to those product offerings with a history of proven returns meeting or
30
exceeding our desired returns. Given our current focus on cost-cutting and capital preservation in light of the continuing dislocation in the liquidity
markets and significant uncertainties as to when these markets will improve, we expect further trending reductions in marketing efforts and expense levels and in all other cost categories discussed above at a heightened pace throughout the balance
of 2008. We currently are performing an extensive review of all areas of our business for cost savings opportunities so as to align our costs with our currently liquidating portfolio of managed receivables.
Minority interests.
We reflect the ownership interests of minority holders of equity in our majority-owned subsidiaries (including
management team holders of shares in our subsidiary entities; see Note 13, Stock-Based Compensation) as minority interests in our consolidated statements of operations. Generally, this expense is declining, which is consistent with
(1) liquidations of acquired credit card portfolios within securitization trusts, the retained interests of which are owned by our majority-owned subsidiaries and (2) the resulting relative decline in contributions of our majority-owned
subsidiaries (as discussed in
Fees and related income on securitized earning assets
, above) to income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized as noted above. However, in the three months ended June 30,
2008, this general trend reversed and we recorded income from our minority interests given net losses incurred by our majority-owned subsidiaries during that periodsuch losses stemming from reduced income on our retained interests in
securitized credit card receivables within these subsidiaries in part associated with more conservative valuation assumptions used with respect to their retained interest valuations and higher losses associated with our growing, but not yet
profitable, MEM U.K. Internet micro-loan operations, coupled with reduced income contributions from the majority-owned subsidiary that comprises our Investments in Previously Charged-off Receivables segment for reasons explained throughout this
Report.
Income taxes.
Our overall effective tax rate (computed considering both continuing and discontinued operations in
the aggregate) was approximately 32.1% and 29.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, versus 36.0% for comparable 2007 periods. Variations in the effective tax rates between all periods are substantially related to
differing expectations in different periods as to the ratio of our permanent differences to pre-tax GAAP income or loss levels. We have experienced no material changes in effective tax rates associated with differences in filing jurisdictions and
changes in law between the comparison periods.
Credit Cards Segment
Our Credit Cards segment includes our activities relating to investments in and servicing of our
various credit card portfolios as well as the performance associated with various investments in asset-backed debt and equity securities. The revenues we earn from credit card activities primarily include finance charges, late fees, over-limit fees,
annual fees, activation fees, monthly maintenance fees, returned-check fees and cash advance and other fees. We also sell ancillary products such as memberships, insurance products, subscription services and debt waiver. Additionally, we earn
interchange fees, which represent a portion of the merchant fee assessed by Visa
®
and MasterCard
®
based on cardholder purchase
volumes underlying credit card receivables.
The way we record these receivables in our consolidated balance sheets and consolidated
statements of operations depends on the form of our ownership. While the underlying activities are similar between each of our portfolios, how we reflect these activities in our financial statements differs dramatically depending on our ownership
form. These forms include:
|
|
|
originated or purchased;
|
|
|
|
securitized or non-securitized; and
|
|
|
|
consolidated or non-consolidated.
|
Our originated portfolios include the credit card receivables of customers obtained through our own marketing efforts; whereas, our purchased portfolios include the credit card receivables of customer accounts that were originated by others
prior to our acquisitions of the portfolios at varying but generally significant purchase discounts. We spend a substantial amount of marketing resources to originate new cardholder accounts, and we expense the majority of these costs when we incur
them. New cardholders also require greater servicing efforts than established accounts. Originated accounts generally do not charge off until after the account is open for at least six months. During periods of rapid growth in originated cardholder
accounts, we likely will reflect high relative servicing and marketing expenses but low relative charge offs of delinquent accounts. On the other hand, when we purchase credit card portfolios from others, we historically have purchased them at
substantial discounts. We generally earn fees from the cardholders immediately after the purchase and do not have to bear the high marketing costs associated with originated accounts. The receivables we purchase are in various stages of delinquency,
and some will charge off, for example, in the first month after we purchase them. In computing our managed receivables statistics (see discussion below), we apply a portion of our purchase discount to offset the face amount of charge offs of all
receivables in existence on the date of our acquisitions, and, therefore, we generally do not incur any negative and non-economic effects associated with these charge offs.
With our December 2007 securitization of our lower-tier credit card receivables, we now have securitized substantially all of our credit card receivables
through off-balance-sheet securitizations. In these securitizations, we sell the receivables to a trust, and generally recognize a gain on this sale that we refer to as a securitization gain. Because we have sold these receivables in accordance with
Statement No. 140, we remove them from our consolidated balance sheets. We record the operating activities associated with our securitized credit card receivables in the fees and related income on securitized earning assets category in our
consolidated statements
31
of operations. The sub-categories of income on these securitized receivables include: (1) the securitization gains noted above; (2) income from
retained interests in credit card receivables securitized, which generally includes finance charges, late fees, over-limit fees, annual fees, and monthly maintenance fees; and (3) fees on securitized receivables, which includes activation fees,
returned- check fees and cash advance and other fees. We record fee charge offs for securitized receivables as an offset to their related revenues, and we account for net principal charge offs as an offset in determining income from retained
interests in credit card receivables securitized.
During any periods in which we hold credit card receivables on our balance sheet (e.g.,
prior to our securitization or after our de-securitization of them), we record finance charges and late fees in the consumer loans, including past due fees category on our consolidated statements of operations, and we include the over-limit fees,
annual fees, activation fees, monthly maintenance fees, returned-check fees and cash advance and other fees in the fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets category on our consolidated statements of operations. We reflect the charge
offs of non-securitized receivables within our provision for loan losses.
We routinely originate or purchase our credit card portfolios
through subsidiary entities. Generally, if we control through direct ownership or exert a controlling interest in the entity, we consolidate it and reflect its operations as noted above. If we exert significant influence but do not control the
entity, we record our share of its net operating results in the equity in income of equity-method investees category on our consolidated statements of operations.
We also earn servicing income from the trusts underlying our securitizations and the securitizations of our equity-method investees. For both the securitized and non-securitized credit card receivables of our
consolidated entities, we record the ancillary and interchange revenues in a separate line in our consolidated statements of operations.
Background
We make various references within our discussion of the Credit Card segment to our managed receivables. In calculating managed
receivables data, we assume that none of the credit card receivables underlying our off-balance-sheet securitization facilities was ever transferred to a securitization trust and we present our credit card receivables as if we still owned them. We
reflect the portion of the receivables that we own within our managed receivables data, whether or not we consolidate the entity in which the receivables are held. Therefore, managed receivables data include both our securitized and non-securitized
credit card receivables. They include the receivables we manage for our consolidated subsidiaries, except for the minority interest holders shares of the receivables, and they also include only our share of the receivables that we manage for
our non-consolidated subsidiaries.
Financial, operating and statistical data based on these aggregate managed receivables are vital to any
evaluation of our performance in managing our credit card portfolios, including our underwriting, servicing and collecting activities and our valuing of purchased receivables. In allocating our resources and managing our business, management relies
heavily upon financial data and results prepared on this managed basis. Analysts, investors and others also consider it important that we provide selected financial, operating and statistical data on a managed basis because this allows a
comparison of us to others within the specialty finance industry. Moreover, our management, analysts, investors and others believe it is critical that they understand the credit performance of the entire portfolio of our managed receivables because
it reveals information concerning the quality of loan originations and the related credit risks inherent within the securitized portfolios and our retained interests in their underlying securitization trusts.
Reconciliation of the managed receivables data to our GAAP financial statements requires: (1) recognition that, with our securitization of our
lower-tier credit card receivables in December 2007, we now sell substantially all of our credit card receivables in securitization transactions; (2) an understanding that our managed receivables data are based on billings and actual charge
offs as they occur, without regard to an allowance for uncollectible loans and fees receivable; (3) inclusion of our economic share of (or equity interest in) the receivables that we manage for our equity-method investees; and (4) removal
of our minority interest holders shares of the managed receivables underlying our GAAP consolidated results.
We typically have
purchased credit card receivables portfolios at substantial discounts. A portion of these discounts is applied against receivables acquired for which charge off is considered likely, including accounts in late stages of delinquency at the date of
acquisition; this portion is measured based on our acquisition date estimate of the shortfall of anticipated cash flows expected to be collected on the acquired portfolios relative to the face amount of receivables represented within the acquired
portfolios. We refer to the balance of the discount for each purchase not needed for credit quality as accretable yield, which we accrete into net interest margin using the interest method over the estimated life of each acquired portfolio. As of
the close of each financial reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of the credit quality discount component of our acquisition discount and the accretable yield component of our acquisition discount based on actual and projected future
results.
Asset quality
Our
delinquency and charge off data at any point in time reflect the credit performance of our managed receivables. The average age of our credit card accounts, the timing of portfolio purchases, the success of our collection and recovery efforts and
general
32
economic conditions all affect our delinquency and charge off rates. The average age of our credit card receivables portfolio also affects the stability of
our delinquency and loss rates. We consider this delinquency and charge off data in determining our allowance for uncollectible loans and fees receivable with respect to our non-securitized earning assets, net on our consolidated balance sheets, as
well as the valuation of our retained interests in credit card receivables securitized which is a component of securitized earning assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
Late in the third quarter and continuing into the fourth quarter of 2006, we discontinued our practice of billing finance charges and fees on credit card
accounts that become over ninety days delinquent (our 2006 late-stage billing change). Prior to this change, our policy was to bill finance charges and fees on all credit card accounts, except in limited circumstances, until we charged
off the account and all related receivables, finance charges and other fees. In such prior periods, however, we excluded from our GAAP income and managed receivables data, the finance charge and fee income on all significantly delinquent
then-non-securitized credit card receivables (i.e., lower-tier credit card receivables) for which we believed that collectibility was significantly in doubt on the date of billing. As such, our 2006 change in billing practices did not affect managed
receivables charge off data associated with our then-non-securitized lower-tier credit card receivables, but it did negatively impact managed receivables data associated with our then-securitized off-balance-sheet managed receivables (which included
receivables underlying our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust and our acquired portfolios).
Our strategy for managing
delinquency and receivables losses consists of account management throughout the customer relationship. This strategy includes credit line management and pricing based on the risks of the credit card accounts. See also our discussion of collection
strategies under the heading How Do We Collect from Our Customers? in Item 1, Business, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The following table presents the delinquency trends of the credit card receivables that we manage, as well as charge off data and other managed
receivables statistics (in thousands; percentages of total):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At or For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
Jun. 30
|
|
|
Mar. 31
|
|
|
Dec. 31
|
|
|
Sep. 30
|
|
|
Jun. 30
|
|
|
Mar. 31
|
|
|
Dec. 31
|
|
|
Sep. 30
|
|
Period-end managed receivables
|
|
$
|
3,126,936
|
|
|
$
|
3,378,827
|
|
|
$
|
3,717,050
|
|
|
$
|
3,722,373
|
|
|
$
|
3,501,468
|
|
|
$
|
2,512,566
|
|
|
$
|
2,599,667
|
|
|
$
|
2,544,965
|
|
Period-end managed accounts
|
|
|
4,358
|
|
|
|
4,775
|
|
|
|
5,105
|
|
|
|
5,268
|
|
|
|
4,756
|
|
|
|
3,755
|
|
|
|
3,700
|
|
|
|
3,611
|
|
Percent 30 or more days past due
|
|
|
18.0
|
%
|
|
|
21.4
|
%
|
|
|
24.9
|
%
|
|
|
21.0
|
%
|
|
|
18.6
|
%
|
|
|
18.0
|
%
|
|
|
19.3
|
%
|
|
|
19.3
|
%
|
Percent 60 or more days past due
|
|
|
13.4
|
%
|
|
|
17.8
|
%
|
|
|
19.6
|
%
|
|
|
15.5
|
%
|
|
|
14.0
|
%
|
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
|
14.6
|
%
|
|
|
14.6
|
%
|
Percent 90 or more days past due
|
|
|
9.7
|
%
|
|
|
14.3
|
%
|
|
|
14.2
|
%
|
|
|
11.0
|
%
|
|
|
9.6
|
%
|
|
|
10.3
|
%
|
|
|
10.7
|
%
|
|
|
10.6
|
%
|
Average managed receivables
|
|
$
|
3,227,006
|
|
|
$
|
3,558,518
|
|
|
$
|
3,731,286
|
|
|
$
|
3,613,924
|
|
|
$
|
3,419,306
|
|
|
$
|
2,563,581
|
|
|
$
|
2,558,100
|
|
|
$
|
2,512,285
|
|
Combined gross charge off ratio
|
|
|
50.6
|
%
|
|
|
50.2
|
%
|
|
|
37.4
|
%
|
|
|
29.8
|
%
|
|
|
34.6
|
%
|
|
|
34.6
|
%
|
|
|
35.6
|
%
|
|
|
31.3
|
%
|
Net charge off ratio
|
|
|
21.5
|
%
|
|
|
20.6
|
%
|
|
|
15.8
|
%
|
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
|
16.9
|
%
|
|
|
13.4
|
%
|
|
|
11.9
|
%
|
|
|
10.3
|
%
|
Adjusted charge off ratio
|
|
|
20.3
|
%
|
|
|
19.1
|
%
|
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
|
10.5
|
%
|
|
|
9.6
|
%
|
|
|
13.1
|
%
|
|
|
10.7
|
%
|
|
|
9.5
|
%
|
Total yield ratio
|
|
|
47.1
|
%
|
|
|
47.4
|
%
|
|
|
56.1
|
%
|
|
|
53.0
|
%
|
|
|
49.3
|
%
|
|
|
53.0
|
%
|
|
|
61.4
|
%
|
|
|
60.9
|
%
|
Gross yield ratio
|
|
|
23.1
|
%
|
|
|
24.3
|
%
|
|
|
29.2
|
%
|
|
|
29.2
|
%
|
|
|
28.6
|
%
|
|
|
28.8
|
%
|
|
|
32.9
|
%
|
|
|
35.3
|
%
|
Net interest margin
|
|
|
12.3
|
%
|
|
|
13.2
|
%
|
|
|
18.0
|
%
|
|
|
19.1
|
%
|
|
|
19.0
|
%
|
|
|
17.9
|
%
|
|
|
22.6
|
%
|
|
|
26.4
|
%
|
Other income ratio
|
|
|
1.0
|
%
|
|
|
(0.8
|
)%
|
|
|
11.9
|
%
|
|
|
13.1
|
%
|
|
|
8.4
|
%
|
|
|
10.8
|
%
|
|
|
11.2
|
%
|
|
|
10.5
|
%
|
Operating ratio
|
|
|
9.8
|
%
|
|
|
9.4
|
%
|
|
|
11.9
|
%
|
|
|
10.5
|
%
|
|
|
10.6
|
%
|
|
|
12.1
|
%
|
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
|
11.3
|
%
|
Managed receivables.
Our individual purchased portfolios are always in a state of
liquidation due to the absence of new cardholders to replace those who either pay off their balances or become delinquent and charge off. As a result, to increase our managed receivables, we generally must either add new accounts in our originated
portfolios or acquire additional portfolios. The general trend-line increase in our managed receivables through the third quarter of 2007 principally was due to growth in our lower-tier credit card receivables. We experienced growth in these
receivables of 110.9% in 2006 and 78.8% in 2007. The general trend-line decrease beginning in the fourth quarter of 2007 principally was due to reductions in originations midway through the third quarter in response to tightened liquidity markets,
combined with significant charge-offs, primarily of accounts originated in the second and third quarters of 2007. Additionally, like other credit card issuers, we experienced lower than expected cardholder purchases beginning in the fourth quarter
of 2007, which also contributed to the trend-line decrease in our managed receivables.
Our U.K. Portfolio acquisition in the second
quarter of 2007 added a significant number of accounts, thereby contributing to our significant overall growth in receivables in that quarter; this acquisition is the only credit card portfolio that we have acquired over the past eight quarters.
33
Absent portfolio acquisitions, we expect continuing reductions in our managed receivables levels for the
foreseeable future as we have substantially curtailed our credit card marketing efforts in light of dislocation in the liquidity markets and our uncertainty as to when these markets will rebound sufficiently to facilitate organic growth in our
credit card receivables operations; we currently are experiencing liquidations in receivables levels within all of our managed credit card receivables portfolios and do not expect a near-term reversal of this situation.
Delinquencies.
Delinquencies have the potential to impact net income in the form of net credit losses. Delinquencies also are costly in terms of
the personnel and resources dedicated to resolving them. We intend for the account management strategies we use on our portfolio to manage and, to the extent possible, reduce the higher delinquency rates that can be expected in a more mature managed
portfolio such as ours. These account management strategies include conservative credit line management, purging of inactive accounts and collection strategies intended to optimize the effective account-to-collector ratio across delinquency
categories. We further describe these collection strategies under the heading How Do We Collect from Our Customers? in Item 1, Business, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. We
measure the success of these efforts by measuring delinquency rates. These rates exclude accounts that have been charged off.
We
experienced an increasing trend in our 30-plus, 60-plus and 90-plus day delinquencies through December 31, 2007, excluding slight seasonal declines in the first and second quarters of 2007. These increases predominantly are attributable to a
mix change reflecting disproportionate receivables growth rates in our lower-tier credit card portfolios relative to those of our other credit card receivables. Our lower-tier credit card receivables typically experience substantially higher
delinquency rates than those of our other originated and purchased portfolios.
The accounts underlying our lower-tier credit card
receivables generally have a shorter life cycle than our other accounts, with peak charge offs occurring approximately eight to nine months after activation. The growth in lower-tier credit card receivables that we generated in the past three years
has fluctuated significantly, with higher than average growth in the third and fourth quarters of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006, followed by lower growth from the second quarter of 2006 to the first quarter of 2007, record growth in the second
and third quarters of 2007, moderate growth in the fourth quarter of 2007 and low growth in the first two quarters of 2008. This marketing volume-based volatility results in increasing delinquencies in the months immediately subsequent
to periods of high growth, followed by high charge offs generally in the third quarter following activation. Despite these fluctuations, we believe that the heightened delinquency and charge off levels and greater volatility in our delinquency
statistics associated with our lower-tier credit card offerings are reasonable based on the relative returns offered.
The mix change
toward a greater percentage of our receivables being comprised of lower-tier credit card receivables would have resulted in even greater 2007 delinquencies (as a percentage of managed receivables) but for our U.K. Portfolio acquisition in the second
quarter of 2007; our U.K. Portfolios delinquencies are significantly below those of our lower-tier credit card receivables.
In the
first quarter of 2008, we experienced the initial charge-offs from the record 1.5 million aggregate originations of the second and third quarters of 2007. The portion of these accounts underlying our lower-tier credit card offerings were
significantly delinquent at the end of the fourth quarter of 2007, and many charged off in the first two quarters of 2008. Our lower origination levels since the third quarter of 2007 generated fewer delinquent accounts than the prior two quarters,
so there were fewer delinquencies to replace the accounts that charged off. As a result, combined with the lower seasonal delinquencies we experience in the first half of every year, delinquencies improved in the first half of 2008. Barring any
potential adverse effects of the U.S. and U.K. economies on our customers ability to repay beyond the effects we have experienced thus far in 2008, we anticipate that delinquencies will stabilize at even lower levels throughout the second half
of this year. We also note that we have experienced lower early stage delinquencies in the first half of 2008 when compared to the first half of 2007; while these lower early stage delinquencies have resulted in lower late fee and over-limit fee
revenues in the first half of 2008, they support our expectation of lower charge offs in the latter half of 2008.
Charge offs.
We
generally charge off credit card receivables when they become contractually 180 days past due or within thirty days of notification and confirmation of a customers bankruptcy or death. However, if a cardholder makes a payment greater
than or equal to two minimum payments within a month of the charge-off date, we may reconsider whether charge-off status remains appropriate. Additionally, in some cases of death, receivables are not charged off if, with respect to the deceased
customers account, there is a surviving, contractually liable individual or an estate large enough to pay the debt in full.
Our
combined gross charge off ratio and our net charge off ratio have trended upwards over the past eight quarters, principally due to the effects of growth in our lower-tier credit card offerings, which have higher charge offs relative to their average
managed receivables balances, than do our other portfolios. The growth in these receivables changed the mix of our receivables by weighting the lower-tier credit card portfolio more heavily than in prior years. Based on this mix change, we generally
would expect our charge off ratios to increase during periods of disproportionate growth in our lower-tier credit card receivables.
In
addition to the generally increasing trend in charge offs, we also generally experience seasonal trends in which the first and fourth quarters incur higher levels of charge offs than do the second and third quarters. This tendency results from the
cash flow patterns impacting our cardholders. Typically, we experience greater remittances by cardholders late in the first quarter of each year,
34
improving their delinquency status and reducing charge offs in the second and third quarters. This trend was muted somewhat by the effects of our U.K.
portfolio acquisition in the second quarter of 2007 and is not evident at all in the second quarter of 2008 due to the peak vintage charge off effects of our third quarter 2007 lower-tier credit card originations. We anticipate that the trend will
resume in the third quarter of 2008 as the record vintages originated in the second and third quarters of 2007 now have passed their peak charge off period.
Combined gross charge off ratio.
Seasonal fluctuations contributed to the increase in the combined charge off ratio in the fourth quarter of 2006, the first quarter of 2007, and the fourth quarter of 2007. In
the second quarter of 2007, the combined charge off ratio was consistent with the first quarter, which is contrary to the seasonality trend we would anticipate. This variation resulted partially from the growth in the lower-tier credit card
receivables, which partially offset the effects of our normal seasonality trends. In addition and most significantly, we acquired our U.K. Portfolio in April 2007. A significant number of receivables within the U.K. Portfolio were in a late stage of
delinquency at the time of our acquisition and charged off in the months following the close of our acquisition. These higher charge offs increased our combined charge off ratio in the second quarter. Since that time, the U.K. Portfolio addition has
had a positive impact on our overall combined gross charge off ratio as this portfolio has a lower average charge off rate than our other portfolios.
Our combined gross charge off ratio increased in the fourth quarter of 2007 due primarily to marketing volume-based fluctuations caused by greater volumes of our lower-tier credit card accounts originated in prior
quarters that reached their peak charge off levels in the fourth quarter. In addition, we experienced seasonal increases that were amplified somewhat by the broader economic pressures felt by our cardholders. These two factors carried over into the
first two quarters of 2008, with the marketing volume-based fluctuations having a far greater impact than in the fourth quarter of 2007. Because we now have incurred the peak charge offs associated with our record lower-tier credit card account
originations of the second and third quarters of 2007, we expect the combined gross charge off ratio in the second half of 2008 to drop dramatically from the first half of 2008 to below the average combined charge off rate we experienced in 2007.
Net charge off ratio.
The net charge off ratio measures principal charge offs, net of recoveries. The seasonal trends discussed
above apply to this ratio in a manner similar to their effects on the combined gross charge off ratio. The increasing trend due to the shift in our mix toward a greater percentage of our receivables being comprised of lower-tier credit card
receivables also impacts our net charge off ratio, but to a lesser degree than it affects our combined gross charge off ratio. Our lower-tier credit card portfolio has a significantly lower principal to total receivables ratio than do our other
portfolios, so growth in this portfolio has less of an effect on our net charge off ratio than it does on our combined gross charge off ratio.
The net charge off ratio increased more than one might have normally expected in the first quarter of 2007. This increase related primarily to the impact of accelerated charge-offs in the fourth quarter of 2005 depressing 2006 charge-offs
and returning to more normal levels in the first quarter of 2007.
The net charge off ratio also increased in the second quarter of 2007 in
excess of the typical trend line. This change is due to our U.K. Portfolio acquisition in that quarter. As noted above, this portfolio had a significant number of receivables that were in a late stage of delinquency and that charged off in the
months following our acquisition. Without this U.K. Portfolio acquisition, our net charge off ratio would have fallen to 13.1% in the second quarter of 2007, in line with our seasonal trend. The ratio also would have fallen in the third quarter of
2007, but to a lesser degree than it did, as the incremental charge offs from the U.K. Portfolio were much greater in the second quarter than in the third. In the fourth quarter of 2007, our net charge off ratio was lower than it otherwise would
have been without the U.K. Portfolio acquisition, as the U.K. Portfolios receivables have a lower ongoing net charge off ratio than the receivables of our other portfolios. In the first quarter of 2008, the net charge off ratio increased at a
slightly lesser rate than our combined gross charge off ratio, which is consistent with our expectations that our lower-tier credit card portfolio will influence net charge offs less than it will combined gross charge offs due to the relative mix of
a cardholders balance between principal and fee receivables. However, the net charge off ratio increased at a greater rate than the gross charge off ratio in the second quarter of 2008 because peak vintage charge offs of our lower-tier credit
card receivables reversed recently experienced trending changes in mix toward a greater percentage of our portfolio being comprised of lower-tier credit card receivables.
Adjusted charge off ratio.
This ratio reflects our net charge offs, less credit quality discount accretion with respect to our acquired portfolios. Therefore, its trend line should follow that of our net charge
off ratio, adjusted for the diminishing impact of past portfolio acquisitions and for the additional impact of new portfolio acquisitions. Prior to our second quarter 2007 U.K. Portfolio acquisition, our most recent credit card receivables portfolio
acquisition was in the first quarter of 2005. Generally, we saw an expected decline in the gap between the net charge off ratio and the adjusted charge off ratio with each passing quarter subsequent to that first quarter 2005 acquisition and into
the first quarter of 2007. Our U.K. Portfolio acquisition in the second quarter of 2007 caused this gap to widen in that quarter, with consistent declines in the gap in the third and fourth quarters of 2007 and the first and second quarters of 2008.
We expect the gap between the net charge off ratio and the adjusted charge off ratio to continue to decline absent the purchase of another portfolio at a discount to the face amount of its receivables.
35
Total yield ratio and gross yield ratio
. As noted previously, the mix of our managed receivables
generally has shifted over time toward those receivables of our lower-tier credit card offerings. These receivables have higher delinquency rates and late and over-limit assessments than do our other portfolios, and thus have higher total yield and
gross yield ratios as well. We generally would expect these ratios to increase with disproportionate growth in our lower-tier credit card receivables and we generally saw such increases leading into the end of 2006, after which time several factors
adversely affected this expected trend.
The most significant of these factors was our 2006 late-stage billing change described above. We
implemented this change during the fourth quarter of 2006 and into the first quarter of 2007, and it reduced our ongoing total yield and gross yield ratios as we discontinued billing finance charges and fees on any accounts over ninety days
delinquent. This change was the primary reason for the decrease in our total yield and gross yield ratios from 60.9% and 35.3%, respectively, in the third quarter of 2006 to 53.0% and 28.8%, respectively, in the first quarter of 2007.
Investigations by the FDIC and FTC also have affected these ratios in the first quarter of 2007 and subsequent quarters. Throughout the course of these
investigations, we have made changes in our account management practices in deference to our relationships with our issuing bank partners. For example, in the first quarter of 2007, we systematically issued certain late fee and over-limit fee
billing credits to 85,000 customer accounts related to the potential for customer confusion over a change we made to their minimum payment requirements. These credits negatively impacted our total yield and gross yield ratios in the first quarter of
2007.
These ratios declined again in the second quarter due to the addition of our acquired U.K. Portfolio. Its total yield and gross
yield are below average as compared to our other portfolios, and the addition of the U.K. Portfolio negatively impacted our total yield and gross yield ratios by 4.8% and 1.7%, respectively, in the second quarter of 2007 and by approximately 8.0%
and 3.0%, respectively, in the second half of 2007.
Our gross yield ratio was flat in the final two quarters of 2007 due to further
changes we made to our billing practices in keeping with our goals of ensuring that our practices continue to be among the most consumer-friendly practices in the credit card industry and to address evolving negative amortization industry guidance.
Specifically, in November 2007, we began to reverse fees and finance charges on the accounts of cardholders who made their 3% or 4% (depending upon the product offering) contractual payments to us so that those accounts would not be in negative
amortization. These changes reduced our gross yield ratio in the fourth quarter, and because only two months of the effects of these changes are reflected in the fourth quarter, they had a greater impact on the first and second quarters of
2008an impact that we expect to continue in subsequent quarters.
Further significant declines in our total yield and gross yield
ratios in the first and second quarters of 2008 primarily relate to the relative delinquency status of our lower-tier credit card receivables portfolio. As noted above, we no longer bill finance charges and fees on accounts more than ninety days
delinquent. Late in the fourth quarter of 2007, the initial wave of accounts from our record 1.5 million of predominantly lower-tier credit card originations in the second and third quarters of 2007 became more than ninety days delinquent, and
we stopped charging finance charges and fees to these accounts. In the first and second quarters of 2008, we did not bill finance charges and fees to a significant portion of the accounts within our lower-tier credit card receivables portfolio as
the accounts remained more than ninety days delinquent. We included these accounts in our average managed receivables, but generated no yield from them, and our yield ratios declined as a result. Many of these accounts charged off during these
quarters, meaning that the effects of this phenomenon should be much less significant for the foreseeable future. As such, we expect that the mix of average managed receivables in our lower-tier credit card receivables portfolio for which we do not
charge fees will decline, resulting in significant improvements in the total and gross yield ratios in the third and fourth quarters of 2008 and continuing into the foreseeable future. Based on many of the factors mentioned above, however, along
with the fact that we expect significantly reduced marketing activities and volumes of account originations for the foreseeable future, we do not expect our total and gross yield ratios to climb anywhere near late-2006 levels for the foreseeable
future.
Net interest margin
. We generally expect our net interest margin to increase as our lower-tier credit card receivables
become a greater percentage of our overall managed receivables. This trend is not evident over the past two years due to several factors, which vary among quarters.
The significant declines in the fourth quarter of 2006 and the first quarter of 2007 relate primarily to our 2006 late-stage billing change. A large percentage of finance charge and late fee billings on late-stage
delinquent accounts ultimately charge off. Because we net such finance charge and late fee charge offs against our net interest margin, we generally would expect that most finance charges and fees billed to late-stage delinquency accounts will
charge off, and the net of the billing and the charge off of these finance charges and fees would cause a slight increase in the net interest margin in periods of growth. We believe this assumption is correct for the second quarter of 2007 and
subsequent periods. In the fourth quarter of 2006 and the first quarter of 2007, however, the 2006 late-stage billing change significantly diminished our net interest margin because of the lag effect of the change. In those quarters, we stopped
billing fees to the late-stage accounts, thereby reducing our revenues. The related reduction in charge offs did not occur until the following quarters, when the affected accounts, which were lower than they otherwise would have been, ultimately
charged off. As a result, we had lower revenues without a corresponding decrease in charge offs in these two quarters, and the result was a decline in our net interest margin.
36
Also impacting the first quarter of 2007 were better than expected early delinquency bucket roll rates
and lower than expected delinquencies. These factors significantly reduced our expected late fee assessments, thereby resulting in a lower net interest margin. Further, the changes we made to our account management practices relating to the FDIC and
FTC investigations also depressed our net interest margin, most heavily in the first quarter of 2007 and to a lesser degree in the second and third quarters of 2007.
Our net interest margin increased in the second and third quarters of 2007. These increases primarily resulted from the diminishing lag effect of our 2006 late-stage billing change and the continued growth of our
lower-tier credit card receivables. The addition of our acquired U.K. Portfolio in the second quarter of 2007 partially offset these improvements because the net interest margin for this portfolio is below the weighted average rate of our other
portfolios. This U.K. Portfolio offset had only a slight impact on the second quarter of 2007, but had a much greater impact on the third and fourth quarters of 2007.
Our net interest margin declined in the fourth quarter of 2007 due in part to higher charge offs, which resulted from seasonal increases that were amplified somewhat by economic pressures felt by our cardholders
stemming from the tightened liquidity markets. The November 2007 negative-amortization-related changes to our billing practices discussed above also negatively impacted our net interest margin in the fourth quarter of 2007.
The November 2007 negative-amortization-related changes to our billing practices also negatively affected our net interest margin in the first two
quarters of 2008, and we expect that they will have ongoing adverse affects on our net interest margins. Additionally, we experienced lower early stage delinquency levels in the first and second quarters of 2008 as compared to early stage
delinquency levels in the same quarters of 2007. While this development is favorable from a credit quality perspective and should translate directly into lower charge off levels in the last two quarters of 2008, lower early stage delinquency levels
mean lower late payment fee assessments and a correspondingly lower net interest margin in the first two quarters of 2008.
Our first and
second quarter 2008 net interest margin also was depressed due to changes within our lower-tier credit card receivables portfolio. This portfolio generated lower finance charge and late fee billings in the first two quarters of 2008 due to the
significant portion of the accounts within that portfolio that were in late stages of delinquencystages for which we do not bill finance charges or late fees. Further, many accounts within that portfolio reached peak charge off vintage levels
and charged off during these quarters, resulting in higher finance charge and late fee charge offs netting against yields in the determination of our net interest margin for the quarter. Because the large volumes of second and third quarter of 2007
lower-tier credit card receivables now have rolled through their peak charge off vintage levels, we expect a significant increase in our net interest margins relative to the first two quarters of 2008, although we do not anticipate a return of our
net interest margins to the average level experienced in 2007 for the foreseeable future.
Other income ratio.
We generally expect
our other income ratio to increase as our lower-tier receivables become a greater percentage of our overall managed receivables, as these receivables generate higher membership, over-limit, monthly maintenance and other fees than do our other
portfolios. Several factors prevented this trend from occurring in the past eight quarters.
In the third quarter of 2006, we experimented
with potential revisions to our over-limit fee billing practices, which had the effect of depressing our other income ratio relative to its level in prior quarters. While we did not implement these specific revisions on a permanent basis, we did
adopt our 2006 late-stage billing change at the end of the third quarter of 2006. Similar to the changes to our net interest margin as discussed above, the 2006 late-stage billing change negatively impacted the fourth quarter of 2006 and the first
quarter of 2007, and then the lag effect of the change passed and its impact on the remainder of 2007 was minimal.
Despite the downward
pressure on our other income ratio in the fourth quarter of 2006, the ratio increased from the prior quarter. This increase relates to the then-improved performance of our portfolio of investments in debt and equity securities, principally
consisting of investments in CDOs and CMOs backed by mortgages as well as trading positions in an ABX index. We historically have reflected gains and losses on these investment activities in our Credit Cards segments other income ratio. We
generated income from these investments of $3.7 million in the third quarter of 2006 and $6.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2006. This income softened the decline in the other income ratio in the third quarter, and caused the ratio to increase in
the fourth quarter despite a decline in the performance of our credit card portfolios resulting from the 2006 late-stage billing change. In the first quarter of 2007, this income declined to $2.8 million, and then we incurred losses of $28.5
million, $37.4 million, $6.9 million, $5.2 million and $1.1 million in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2007 and the first quarter and second quarters of 2008, respectively. Excluding these investment activities, our other income ratio would
have increased from 10.2% in the fourth quarter of 2006 to 10.3%, 11.8% and 17.2% in the first, second and third quarters of 2007, respectively, before declining again to 12.7% in the fourth quarter of 2007 and -0.2% and 1.2% in the first and second
quarters of 2008, respectively.
The addition of our acquired U.K. Portfolio in the second quarter of 2007 negatively impacted our other
income ratios for the last three quarters of 2007. The other income ratio for this portfolio is well below the typical performance of our lower-tier credit card
37
offerings, and is slightly below that of our traditional upper-tier originated portfolio. Adding the performance of these receivables to the overall mix of
our managed receivables resulted in a decrease of approximately 200 basis points in the other income ratio in 2007. In the first and second quarters of 2008, however, our lower-tier credit card offerings generated a negative other income ratio, so
the U.K. Portfolio was slightly accretive to this ratio in those quarters.
Excluding investment activities, our other income ratio
increased quarter over quarter in 2007 before declining in the fourth quarter of 2007 and the first two quarters of 2008. These decreases are due primarily to higher charge offs in the quarters resulting from the marketing volume-based volatility in
our lower-tier credit card receivables portfolios and from seasonal increases in charge offs that were amplified somewhat by economic pressures felt by our cardholders stemming from the tightened liquidity markets. Our aforementioned November 2007
negative-amortization-related finance charge and fee reversal changes to our billing practices also negatively impacted our other income ratio in these quarters.
In the first two quarters of 2008, our lower-tier credit card receivables fee charge offs within the other income ratio exceeded the fee income from these receivables, resulting in a negative other income ratio
for this portfolio. The same lower-tier credit card receivables-related factors mentioned in our discussion of our first and second quarter 2008 net interest margin are at play in the determination of our first and second quarter 2008 other income
ratiosuch factors including (1) the effects of lower early stage delinquency levels on our over-limit fee billings, (2) the effects of significantly higher late stage delinquency levels for which we do not bill over-limit and other
fees, and (3) the large proportion of lower-tier credit card accounts that reached peak charge off vintage levels and charged off during the quarter, resulting in higher fee charge offs netting against billed fees in the determination of our
other income ratio.
The increase in the other income ratio in the second quarter of 2008 relative to the first quarter of 2008 is due to
the $28.4 million gain on early extinguishment of debt. Excluding this gain, the ratio declined to -2.5%, consistent with the trend from the first quarter of 2008.
Because the large volumes of second and third quarter of 2007 lower-tier credit card receivables originations have rolled through their peak charge off vintage levels, we expect a significant increase in our other
income ratio in the second half of this year; however, we do not expect it to rise to the average level experienced in 2007 for the foreseeable future.
Operating ratio.
Our 2006 and 2007 operating ratios are higher than they have been in prior years, principally associated with the mix change in our receivables toward our lower-tier credit card receivables,
which are comprised of accounts with smaller receivables balances than those accounts underlying our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust and acquired portfolios. The addition of these smaller receivable balance accounts requires many more
customer service interactions (relative to our upper-tier originated portfolio and acquired portfolios), and hence higher costs as a percentage of average managed receivables, than we historically have experienced with our upper-tier originated
portfolio master trust and acquired portfolios receivables. Also beginning in 2006, we have experienced heightened legal, regulatory and compliance efforts and costs associated with the New York Attorney General, FDIC and FTC investigations
and our establishment of an expanded number of issuing bank relationships.
The increase in our fourth quarter 2006 operating ratio is due
largely to our $15.0 million charitable contribution in that quarter. Our operating ratio remained high in the first quarter of 2007 due to a variety of smaller increases in salaries, rent and legal fees. The levels in the second and third quarters
of 2007 declined due to our U.K. Portfolio acquisition. This portfolio is comprised of accounts with relatively large receivables balances, and therefore, it bears a lower operating ratio than that of our lower-tier credit card receivables
portfolio. The fourth quarter of 2007 operating ratio increased due to our $6.0 million charitable contribution in that quarter in addition to our incurrence of higher legal and related costs associated with the FDIC and FTC investigations. In the
first and second quarters of 2008, we had lower operating expenses, primarily due to our slow-down in originations (customer interactions and related costs are higher in the first few months after card activation than they are for more mature credit
card accounts) and to the specific expense reduction initiatives we undertook in the latter half of 2007 in response to the tightened liquidity markets. But for a $5.5 million impairment charge in the second quarter of 2008 associated with a
sublease of 183,461 square feet of office space at our corporate headquarters, we would have experienced a slight reduction in our second quarter 2008 operating ratio relative to its first quarter 2008 level.
Future Expectations
Now that the record
levels of lower-tier credit card accounts originated in the second and third quarters of 2007 have passed through their peak charge off period, we expect improvement in all of our managed receivables statistics throughout the balance of the 2008
year as noted in specific discussions above. However, with our reduced levels of marketing spend and expected liquidations within each of our credit card receivables portfolios, we generally do not expect our yield-oriented managed receivables
statistics to return to levels experienced in 2006 and 2007 for the foreseeable future. There are significant subjectivities, however, that could adversely affect our future Credit Cards segment performance in the form of further potential
slow-downs in the U.S. and U.K. economies and the prospect for rising unemployment rates within both countries; the ability of our customers to make timely required payments on their credit cards is significantly affected by their employment levels.
Unemployment rates in the U.S. have risen over
38
the past 4 months, and we have seen somewhat lower payment rates and somewhat higher late stage delinquency roll rates within our portfolios than in the
recent pastthe effects of which could include yield compression, higher charge offs, reductions in receivables levels and reductions in the cash flows we receive from our portfolios. It is also possible that heightened levels of litigation as
noted throughout this Report may result in higher legal expenses for us that could offset other cost-cutting measures that we currently expect will reduce our future operating ratios.
Lastly, on the potentially positive side for our future performance expectations, we have reached agreement with several of our issuing bank partners on
re-pricings of certain credit card accounts underlying our credit card receivables portfolios, and we have factored these re-pricings into our estimated future performance. We note, however, that we have not built into our future performance
expectations any re-pricings of accounts owned by CB&T pending resolution of our CB&T contractual dispute.
Investments in Previously
Charged-off Receivables Segment
The following table shows a roll-forward (in thousands) of our investments in previously charged-off
receivables activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three
Months Ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
For the Six
Months Ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Unrecovered balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
19,252
|
|
|
$
|
14,523
|
|
Acquisitions of defaulted accounts
|
|
|
26,127
|
|
|
|
44,042
|
|
Cash collections
|
|
|
(29,239
|
)
|
|
|
(56,849
|
)
|
Accretion of deferred revenue associated with Encore forward flow contract
|
|
|
(4,603
|
)
|
|
|
(11,321
|
)
|
Cost-recovery method income recognized on defaulted accounts (included as a component of fees and related income on non-securitized earning
assets on our condensed consolidated statements of operations)
|
|
|
13,585
|
|
|
|
34,727
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
25,122
|
|
|
$
|
25,122
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated remaining collections (ERC)
|
|
$
|
86,187
|
|
|
$
|
86,187
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The above table reflects our use of the cost recovery method of accounting for our investments in
previously charged-off receivables. Under this method, we establish static pools consisting of homogenous accounts and receivables for each portfolio acquisition. Once we establish a static pool, we do not change the receivables within the pool. We
record each static pool at cost and account for it as a single unit for payment application and income recognition purposes. Under the cost recovery method, we do not recognize income associated with a particular portfolio until cash collections
have exceeded the investment. Additionally, until such time as cash collected for a particular portfolio exceeds our investment in the portfolio, we will incur commission costs and other internal and external servicing costs associated with the cash
collections on the portfolio investment that we will charge as an operating expense without any offsetting income amounts.
Previously
charged-off receivables held as of June 30, 2008 are principally comprised of those associated with Chapter 13 Bankruptcies and those acquired through our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segments balance transfer
program. We generally estimate the life of each pool of charged-off receivables that we typically acquire to be between twenty-four and thirty-six months for normal delinquency charged-off accounts (including balance transfer program accounts) and
approximately sixty months for Chapter 13 Bankruptcies. We anticipate collecting approximately 47.6% of the ERC of the existing accounts over the next twelve months, with the balance to be collected thereafter. Our acquisition of charged-off
accounts through our balance transfer program results in receivables with a higher than typical expected collectible balance. Because the composition of our defaulted accounts includes more of this type of receivable, the resulting estimated
remaining collectible portion per dollar invested is expected to increase. We should note, however, that our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segments balance transfer program has experienced lower overall placement volume
primarily due to Encore Capitals decision to discontinue future placements as discussed earlier. It is unknown at this time if and when placement volumes will return to the record volume placed in the first half of 2008. Until this disruption
is resolved, we expect significantly slower growth and diminished profitability under the balance transfer program.
Separately, we have
agreed to changes with the balance transfer program issuing bank that will result in a future discontinuation of new solicitations with this issuing bank. We currently are in the process of adding another issuing bank partner and at this point
anticipate an orderly transition for this program.
Most of our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segments
acquisitions of normal delinquency charge offs recently have been comprised of previously charged-off receivables from the securitization trusts that we service, and the segment has, almost simultaneously with each of its purchases from these
securitization trusts, sold these charge offs for a fixed sales price under its
39
five-year forward flow contract with Encore rather than retained them on its balance sheet. With these essentially simultaneous pass-through transactions,
the segment has not experienced any substantial mismatch between the timing of its collections expenses and the production of revenues under its cost recovery method of accounting. This may change, however, as a result of our ongoing disputes with
Encore and its refusal to purchase receivables. Pending the resolution of these disputes, our Investment in Previously Charged-Off receivables segment will either have to find another buyer for its purchased charge offs or retain its purchased
charge offs on its balance sheet under its cost recovery method and pursue their collection. The retention of these receivables will cause significant reductions in its earnings given the mismatching of cost recovery method collections expenses with
their associated revenues; collections expenses will be incurred up front, while revenue recognition will be delayed until complete recovery of the acquired portfolios investment as noted above. Alternatively, if the segment sells these
receivables to another buyer, we do not expect the other buyer to pay as much as Encore was paying under its fixed-price commitmenta price that was reflective of the high valuations being place on charged-off paper in the market generally in
2005, rather than in todays environment in which the relative supply of charged off paper is greater.
Not only are the
aforementioned Encore and balance transfer program disruptions expected to cause slower growth and future declining earnings for our Investments in Previously Charged-Off Receivables segment, but they also contributed to lower earnings for the three
and six months ended June 30, 2008. For these periods, our Investments in Previously Charged-off Receivables segments pre-tax income decreased 32.5% and increased 4.8% compared with the same periods in 2007,
respectively. Our second quarter 2008 income decline within this segment in part reflects the impacts associated with Encores refusal to purchase receivables, which impacted our second quarter results by $1.5 million. Because of our
disputes with Encore and our concerns as to the ultimate resolution of these disputes, we did not recognize $1.5 million of income in the three months ended June 30, 2008 representing escrowed funds and interest thereon that we believe we
earned in that three-month period but that Encore has not released from proceeds escrowed under the forward flow agreement with them. Also negatively impacting the segments second quarter operations was increased pricing paid by this segment
upon the expiration of one of its more favorably priced forward flow agreements for previously charged-off paper purchases. Results for the six months ended June 30, 2008 when compared to the same period in the prior year were positively
impacted by a significant increase in the volume of charge offs that the segment purchased from our lower-tier originated portfolio master trust and then sold under its forward flow agreement with Encore prior to Encores refusal to purchase
these charge offs; this volume increase relates to the large vintages of second and third quarter 2007 lower-tier credit card receivables originations that realized peak charge off levels in the first and second quarters of 2008. Additionally, this
income growth reflects our recognition of a ratable portion of $10.0 million of escrowed gross proceeds under the forward flow contract for which we had been paid prior to Encores refusal to purchase receivables.
Retail Micro-Loans Segment
The Retail Micro-Loans
segment consists of a network of storefront locations that, depending on the location, provide some or all of the following products or services: (1) small-denomination, short-term, unsecured cash advances that are typically due on the
customers next payday; (2) installment loan and other credit products; and (3) money transfer and other financial services. The assets associated with our retail micro-loan operations were principally acquired during 2004 and early
2005. As of June 30, 2008, our Retail Micro-Loans segment subsidiaries operated 428 storefront locations (including 103 storefront locations included within our discontinued operations) in fourteen states as well as the U.K.
The micro-loan market emerged in the early 1990s in response to a shortage of available short-term consumer credit alternatives from traditional banking
institutions. We believe customers seek cash advance micro-loans as a simple, quick and confidential way to meet short-term cash needs between paydays while avoiding the potentially higher costs and negative credit consequences of other financing
alternatives, which include overdraft privileges or bounced-check protection, late bill payments, checks returned for insufficient funds and short-term collateralized loans.
From the inception of our retail micro-loan operations through mid-2007, we embarked on a strategy of converting our mono-line micro-loan storefronts
into neighborhood financial centers offering a wide array of financial products and services, including auto insurance, stored-value cards, check cashing, money transfer, money order, bill payment, auto title loans and tax preparation service
assistance. These new products had some success in improving foot traffic within our storefronts and increasing our revenues on a per store basis. In certain states, however, we saw increasingly stringent lending regulations (which in many cases
precluded the execution of our multi-product line strategy) and possible evidence of market saturation, both of which resulted in revenue growth that did not meet our expectations. At the same time, we saw rising delinquencies and charge offs in
almost all of the states where we had retail micro-loans operations. After evaluating the operations of our Retail Micro-Loans segment on a state-by-state basis, it became evident during 2007 that the potential risk-adjusted returns expected in
certain states did not justify the ongoing required investment in the operations of those states. As a result, during the fourth quarter of 2007, we decided to pursue a sale of our Retail Micro-Loans segments operations in six states: Florida;
Oklahoma; Colorado; Arizona; Louisiana; and Michigan. Through a series of staged closings with a single buyer, the first of which was completed July 31, 2008, we expect to fully complete the sale of operations in three states (Florida,
Louisiana, and Arizona) in the third quarter of 2008, and we hope to be able to sell the remaining three states operations (Oklahoma, Colorado and Michigan) by the end of this year. Representing 103 of our total 428 Retail Micro-Loans
40
segment storefront locations at June 30, 2008, the operations of these six states were classified as assets held for sale on our December 31, 2007
and June 30, 2008 consolidated balance sheets and are included in the discontinued operations category in our consolidated statements of operations.
Additionally, during the first quarter of 2008, after reevaluating the capital required for sustaining start-up losses associated with our 81 store locations in Texas, we decided to pursue a sale of our Texas store
locationsa sale that was completed in April 2008. We have included our Texas results in the discontinued operations category in our consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. The operations and associated overhead related
to our remaining 325 storefront locations in eight states (plus the U.K.) are included as continuing operations within our consolidated financial statements.
During the three months ended June 30, 2008, we did not open or close any branch locations other than the Texas branches that we sold in April. For the remainder of 2008, we are not planning to expand the current
number of branch locations in any new or existing markets; instead, we likely will continue to look at closing individual locations that do not meet our profitability thresholds. In addition, we will continue to evaluate our risk-adjusted returns in
the states comprising the continuing operations of our Retail Micro-Loans segment.
Financial, operating and statistical metrics for our
Retail Micro-Loans segment (including both U.S. and U.K. locations) are detailed (dollars in thousands) in the following tables.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Beginning total number of locations (excluding locations discontinued and held for sale as of December 31,
2007)
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
475
|
|
Opened locations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
Closed locations (excluding those related to our discontinued operations)
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
Locations discontinued and held for sale during the period
|
|
|
|
(81
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending locations (excluding locations discontinued and held for sale)
|
|
|
|
325
|
|
|
|
469
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Gross retail micro-loan fees (for continuing operations)
|
|
$
|
17,451
|
|
|
$
|
22,562
|
|
|
$
|
37,025
|
|
|
$
|
43,960
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
2,785
|
|
|
$
|
6,692
|
|
|
$
|
7,217
|
|
|
$
|
10,770
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
|
|
$
|
(2,851
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4,023
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,036
|
)
|
|
$
|
(7,090
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period end loans and fees receivable, gross
|
|
$
|
31,912
|
|
|
$
|
70,402
|
|
|
$
|
31,912
|
|
|
$
|
70,402
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our pre-tax loss from discontinued operations for the three months ended June 30, 2008
includes a goodwill impairment charge of $1.1 million related to our decision to sell the Texas retail micro-loan operations.
The
significant reductions in period end loans and fees receivable, gross and income from continuing operations before income taxes in the above table reflect repayments that we received on a unique category of profitable loans and fees receivable
throughout 2007loans under which we were the lender but that were arranged by three different U.S. credit services organizations. As of June 30, 2008, we had substantially terminated these particular lending activities. The reductions
also reflect our belief, which is shared by other retail micro-loan providers, that tax stimulus payments received by consumers in the second quarter of 2008 temporarily diminished consumer demand for retail micro-loans, and our conservative second
quarter 2008 approach to loan generation in Ohio while we await approval of regulatory filings that we have made for an alternative loan product in that state due to legislative changes enacted in that state during the second quarter. All of these
factors also are expected to contribute to lower third and fourth quarter of 2008 retail micro-loan revenues relative to comparable 2007 periods. Also potentially adversely affecting future results is our continuing evaluation of our 91 retail
micro-loan storefront operations in the State of Ohio given legislation enacted during the second quarter of 2008 that has the potential to place severe limits on retail micro-loan operations within that state. As noted, we currently are awaiting
the approval of Ohio regulatory filings that would permit our continuing operations in Ohio. While we know that the earliest of our competitors in Ohio to make such filings has received approval of its filings, and while we expect approval of our
filings, there is some risk that our filings may not be approved. Should approval be denied for us and should other industry-wide legislative initiative fail, the potential implications to our financial results in future quarters may include
permanently reduced revenues and earnings and goodwill, intangible and other impairment charges.
41
Auto Finance Segment
Background
Our Auto Finance segment now includes a variety of auto sales and lending activities.
Our original platform, CAR Financial Services (CAR), acquired in April 2005, consists of a nationwide network of pre-qualified auto dealers
in the buy-here, pay-here used car business, from which our Auto Finance segment purchases auto loans at a discount or for which we service auto loans for a fee. We generate revenues on purchased loans through interest earned on the face value of
the installment agreements combined with discounts on loans purchased. We earn discount income over the life of the applicable loan. Additionally, we generate revenues from servicing loans on behalf of dealers for a portion of actual collections and
by providing back-up servicing for similar quality securitized assets. We offer a number of other products to our network of buy-here, pay-here dealers (including a product under which we lend directly to the dealers), but the vast majority of our
activities are represented by our purchases of auto loans at discounts and our servicing of auto loans for a fee.
In January 2007, we
acquired a 75% ownership interest in JRAS, a buy-here, pay-here dealer, for $3.3 million, and our ownership interest in JRAS has increased to 90% since acquisition through our capital contributions to its operations. Through the JRAS platform, we
sell vehicles to consumers and provide the underlying financing associated with the vehicle sales. Customer purchases are financed for periods of time between twenty-four and forty-two months and credit is approved and payments are received in each
storefront. We currently retain all loans and the servicing rights and obligations for all contracts. At the time of acquisition, our JRAS platform operated four retail locations in Georgia. As of June 30, 2008, JRAS had twelve retail locations
in four states. Assuming the availability of liquidity at attractive pricing and terms, we intend to expand sales within our twelve retail locations at a modest pace during 2008. As of the date of this Report, we are in the advanced stages of
documenting an extension and expansion of JRASs receivables-based lending arrangementlender credit committee approval of which already has been obtained. As extended and renewed, which we expect will occur in the third quarter of this
year, the facility would allow for increased borrowing capacity (up to $30.0 million compared to $20.0 million currently), an expanded borrowing base definition, and an extended term through January 2010. Notwithstanding our anticipated completion
of this facility in the third quarter, bringing the level of JRASs sales for its twelve locations to a level necessary to completely cover fixed overhead costs and consistently generate profits will require relatively significant additional
equity capital contributions from us. Given this reality combined with dislocations in the current liquidity environment, we do not intend to expand JRASs operations beyond its twelve retail locations for the foreseeable future.
In February 2007, we acquired the assets of San Diego, California-based ACC. In conjunction with this purchase, we also acquired a $189.0 million auto
loan portfolio from Patelco Credit Union (Patelco). These assets were originated and serviced by ACC on behalf of Patelco. The total purchase price paid for the two acquisitions was $168.5 million. ACC purchases retail installment
contracts from franchised car dealers. From a credit quality perspective, the ACC borrower base is slightly above the niche historically served by our Auto Finance segment.
Collectively, we serve 1,467 dealers through our Auto Finance segment in forty-four states. Selected financial, operating and statistical data (in
thousands except for percentages) for our Auto Finance segment are provided in the following two tables; where terms used within these tables are identical to the terms used within our Credit Card segment discussion, the definitions of those terms
are analogous to those definitions as set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (albeit with appropriate substitution of Auto Finance receivables and activities for the Credit Card receivables and
activities described within those definitions).
Analysis of statistical data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Managed Receivables-Related Data at or for the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
Jun. 30
|
|
|
Mar. 31
|
|
|
Dec. 31
|
|
|
Sep. 30
|
|
|
Jun. 30
|
|
Period-end managed receivables
|
|
$
|
382,168
|
|
|
$
|
367,228
|
|
|
$
|
347,585
|
|
|
$
|
324,986
|
|
|
$
|
277,286
|
|
Period-end managed accounts
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
Receivables delinquent as % of period-end loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 to 59 days past due
|
|
|
9.0
|
%
|
|
|
8.1
|
%
|
|
|
10.4
|
%
|
|
|
10.2
|
%
|
|
|
9.7
|
%
|
60 to 89 days past due
|
|
|
4.3
|
%
|
|
|
3.1
|
%
|
|
|
4.5
|
%
|
|
|
4.3
|
%
|
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
90 or more days past due
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
|
3.5
|
%
|
|
|
4.9
|
%
|
|
|
4.1
|
%
|
|
|
3.5
|
%
|
Total 30 or more days past due
|
|
|
17.0
|
%
|
|
|
14.7
|
%
|
|
|
19.8
|
%
|
|
|
18.6
|
%
|
|
|
18.4
|
%
|
Total 60 or more days past due
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
|
|
6.6
|
%
|
|
|
9.4
|
%
|
|
|
8.4
|
%
|
|
|
8.7
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average managed receivables
|
|
$
|
376,767
|
|
|
$
|
358,823
|
|
|
$
|
336,289
|
|
|
$
|
309,313
|
|
|
$
|
280,069
|
|
Gross yield ratio
|
|
|
25.7
|
%
|
|
|
25.0
|
%
|
|
|
25.6
|
%
|
|
|
28.1
|
%
|
|
|
27.0
|
%
|
42
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Managed Receivables-Related Data at or for the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
Jun. 30
|
|
|
Mar. 31
|
|
|
Dec. 31
|
|
|
Sep. 30
|
|
|
Jun. 30
|
|
Combined gross charge off ratio
|
|
12.1
|
%
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
12.2
|
%
|
|
14.0
|
%
|
|
10.9
|
%
|
Net charge off ratio
|
|
10.5
|
%
|
|
12.3
|
%
|
|
10.7
|
%
|
|
11.1
|
%
|
|
10.2
|
%
|
Adjusted charge off ratio
|
|
7.8
|
%
|
|
8.7
|
%
|
|
4.5
|
%
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
2.1
|
%
|
Recoveries as % of
average managed receivables
|
|
1.4
|
%
|
|
1.2
|
%
|
|
1.3
|
%
|
|
1.4
|
%
|
|
1.7
|
%
|
Net interest margin
|
|
20.3
|
%
|
|
18.9
|
%
|
|
18.4
|
%
|
|
20.2
|
%
|
|
19.6
|
%
|
Other income ratio
|
|
9.2
|
%
|
|
10.0
|
%
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
|
5.9
|
%
|
|
2.0
|
%
|
Operating ratio
|
|
20.4
|
%
|
|
20.6
|
%
|
|
23.2
|
%
|
|
22.7
|
%
|
|
20.3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retail Sales Data for the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Jun. 30
|
|
Mar. 31
|
|
Dec. 31
|
|
Sep. 30
|
|
Jun. 30
|
Retail sales
|
|
$
|
19,333
|
|
$
|
19,577
|
|
$
|
11,872
|
|
$
|
9,039
|
|
$
|
4,858
|
Gross profit
|
|
$
|
8,909
|
|
$
|
9,098
|
|
$
|
5,465
|
|
$
|
4,380
|
|
$
|
2,430
|
Retail units sold
|
|
|
1,908
|
|
|
1,844
|
|
|
1,253
|
|
|
963
|
|
|
515
|
Average stores in operation
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
5
|
Period-end stores in operation
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
5
|
Managed receivables.
Period end managed receivables have steadily increased over the
past year, with balances up 37.8% at June 30, 2008 when compared to the same date in 2007 and up 9.9% from December 31, 2007, driven by newly purchased and originated loans primarily within ACC and JRAS.
Delinquencies.
The Auto Finance segment has made significant improvements in delinquency rates throughout 2007 and continuing in 2008.
Total 30-plus day delinquency rates were 17.0% at June 30, 2008, compared to 18.4% at June 30, 2007, and 19.8% at December 31, 2007. Delinquencies typically follow a seasonal pattern and decrease in the first quarter from a peak at
year end as borrowers receive tax refunds and pay down debt; delinquencies then return to more normalized levels in the second quarter. However, management believes that the significant year-over-year improvement in delinquencies reflects improved
underwriting, better use of technology and improved collections. This improvement is also meaningful when considered in the context of a generally weaker economy and rising auto loan delinquencies seen throughout the industry.
Gross yield ratio, net interest margin and other income ratio.
Variations in our gross yield ratio and net interest margins reflect the
effects of the timing and magnitude of our various Auto Finance segment acquisitions and subsequent growth patterns for our acquired operations. The Patelco portfolio acquisition, for example, has caused the gross yield ratio and net interest
margins to fall since our acquisition of ACC because the gross yields on its existing loans are not as high as those of our two buy-here, pay-here-oriented operations within CAR and JRAS. This decline has been offset somewhat by increased margins
realized in our CAR and ACC operations as newly acquired and originated loans are being underwritten with higher interest rates and fees. As these newer loans become a larger part of the Auto Finance segment portfolio, we expect for our margins to
continue to grow, albeit at a moderate pace.
The principal component of our other income ratio is the gross income that our JRAS buy-here,
pay-here operations have generated from their auto sales. The general trend-line of improvements in our other income ratio generally corresponds with growth in the number of autos sold as set forth in the above table. We note, however, that we
experienced a modest reduction in gross profit on auto sales between the first and second quarters of 2008 as (1) seasonal demand for autos on JRASs lots is typically the highest when its consumers receive their tax refunds during the
first quarter and (2) we temporarily reduced inventory purchases within JRAS for a few weeks in the second quarter in connection with our evaluation of its liquidity position and borrowing base under its lending facilities, leaving JRAS with a
mix of autos available for sale on its lots that typically attract lower gross margins. Future growth in our Auto Finance segments other income ratio will depend upon relative growth rates for JRAS versus CAR and ACC. For the next few
quarters, we currently expect the other income ratio to increase.
Net charge off ratio, adjusted charge off ratio and recoveries.
We generally charge off auto receivables when they are between 120 and 180 days past due, unless the collateral is repossessed and sold before that point, in which case we will record a charge off when the proceeds are received. The adjusted
charge off ratio in the second quarter of 2008 was 7.8% compared to 8.7% in the first quarter of 2008, and 2.1% in the second quarter of 2007. The adjusted charge off ratio reflects our net charge offs, less credit quality discount accretion with
respect to our acquired portfolios. Therefore, its trend line should follow that of our net charge off ratio, adjusted for the diminishing impact of past portfolio acquisitions and for the additional impact of new portfolio acquisitions. The
adjusted charge off ratio was only 2.1% in the second quarter of 2007 because of our acquisition of the Patelco portfolio (and its
43
corresponding purchase discounts). We acquired this portfolio at a significant purchase price discount to the face amount of the acquired receivables and a
significant portion of this purchase price discount (which related entirely to credit quality) was absorbed in the first and second quarters of 2007 as accounts that were severely delinquent at acquisition date charged off immediately after our
purchase. As expected, we saw the gap between the net charge off ratio and the adjusted charge off ratio narrow with each passing quarter subsequent to the first quarter of 2007. With each such passing quarter, the percentage of our portfolio (and
hence charge offs within the portfolio) that is comprised of new loans that we fund dollar for dollar increases relative to the size of our total auto finance receivables portfolio and the percentage of our charge offs that are comprised of accounts
purchased at a discount in the Patelco acquisition decreases. We expect the gap between the net charge off ratio and the adjusted charge off ratio to continue to decline absent the purchase of another portfolio at a discount to the face amount of
its receivables. The overall decrease in the net charge off ratio was primarily due to the positive seasonal impacts on delinquencies experienced in the first quarter of 2008 which resulted in lower charge offs for the second quarter. This positive
impact is not expected to continue however as declines in used car auction prices are expected to negatively impact net charge off rates somewhat for the duration of 2008.
Operating ratio.
The operating ratio was 20.4% in the second quarter of 2008, down 20 basis points from the first quarter of 2008. The
operating ratio in the Auto Finance segment continues to improve from the first quarter of 2008 primarily due to higher average receivables supporting a fixed cost base and continued cost-cutting initiatives to better reflect existing portfolio
balances primarily within our CAR operation.
Future Expectations
The more significant of the contributions to our Auto Finance segments $0.7 million and $4.5 million GAAP loss for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively are (1) fixed costs that we now are incurring within our franchised dealer lending operations and buy-here, pay-here auto dealerships as we ramp up these early-stage business activities and (2) high
provisions for loan losses given the buildup of allowances for uncollectible loans and fees receivables associated with our growth in auto loan originations, offset by cost-cutting initiatives commenced during the first quarter of 2008 for which we
realized benefits in the second quarter of 2008. Despite the offsets we achieved through cost-cutting initiatives and irrespective of the relatively modest loss we experienced during the second quarter of 2008, because we provide an allowance for
uncollectible loans and fees receivable under GAAP on all new extensions of credit as we grow our auto loan originations, we expect that our current and planned pace of modest loan originations and growth will result in continuing GAAP losses for
the next several quarters.
We believe we have taken significant steps to improve portfolio performance in light of a more challenging
economy. These steps include improved underwriting, a change in business mix to maximize risk-adjusted returns, better use of technology and improved collections training. The impact of these steps was evidenced by (1) the year-over-year
delinquency improvement noted in the above table in the face of negative industry trends, and (2) improvements in our vintage level loss indicators on more recently acquired and originated receivables. Both delinquency and charge off rates
typically follow a seasonal pattern, rising somewhat in the summer months and then more sharply in the fourth quarter. These seasonal trends in addition to a weakening economy will likely result in higher loss frequency to the extent the
unemployment rate rises and higher loss severity in periods of weakening used car auction prices. Despite these potential negatives, based on the relatively low level of delinquencies seen at June 30, 2008, we expect charge off ratios to
improve in the third quarter relative to the same period in the prior year.
Potentially offsetting our positive Auto Finance segment
delinquency trends could be likely higher future costs of capital to the extent we are not successful in passing these higher costs along to our consumers. The current dislocation in the credit and liquidity markets points to higher interest costs
and potentially reduced leverage (or advance rates) for our Auto Finance segment borrowings. Suboptimal borrowing terms and pricing could cause us to further slow originations in this segment, thereby lengthening the time that it takes us to get to
the scale necessary to cover our fixed overhead costs and earn profits and potentially contributing to higher delinquency and charge off levels, even while vintage level performance is better than historic results.
Other Segment
Our Other segment recently has
encompassed various operations that were start-up in nature and did not individually meet separate reportable operating segment disclosure criteria. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we discontinued most of these operations. Our discontinued operations
include our stored-value card operations, our U.S.-based installment loan and cash advance micro-loan offerings marketed through the Internet and our investment and servicing activities with respect to consumer finance receivables secured by
motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, personal watercraft and the like. The operations of MEM, our U.K.-based on-line micro-loans provider, represent the only significant continuing operations within the Other segment, and its operations are not yet
material to our consolidated results of operations. We have however experienced positive impacts from our MEM operations thus far and we expect to continue to grow this business at a modest pace over the course of 2008. As of June 30, 2008, we
had $13.7 million in net receivables associated with our MEM operations and for the three months ended June 30, 2008, our MEM operations generated a very small GAAP profit. Similar to our auto finance operations, we provide an allowance for
uncollectible loans and fees receivable under GAAP on all new extensions of credit. Consequently, as we grow our U.K.-based on-line micro-loan originations, we expect that our current and planned pace of modest loan originations and growth will not
allow us to earn any material GAAP profits from our MEM operations for the next few quarters.
44
Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources
During 2007, primarily toward the end of the second quarter and the beginning of the third quarter, broad investor interest in providing liquidity to
originators of sub-prime loans, including credit card receivables, declined substantially. This decline in interest was precipitated by the well-publicized problems in the sub-prime mortgage lending business and the related secondary markets
and the global liquidity dislocation that resulted from these problems. While these problems appear to be distinctly related to the sub-prime mortgage industry, investors in that industry also are investors in other sub-prime asset classes. One
repercussion from the problems in the sub-prime mortgage industry is reluctancethe duration of which is not knownby many investors to invest in sub-prime asset classes, at least at the levels at which or with the terms under which they
previously invested. This, in turn, has resulted in a decline in liquidity available to sub-prime market participants, a widening of the spreads above the underlying interest indices (typically LIBOR for our borrowings) for the loans that
lenders were willing to make and a decrease in advance rates for those loans as well.
Although we believe the liquidity markets ultimately
will return to more traditional levels, we are not able to predict when that will occur, and we are managing our business with the assumption that the liquidity markets will not return to more traditional levels at any time in the foreseeable
future. Specifically, we have curtailed or limited growth in many parts of our business and are managing our receivables portfolios with a view toward ensuring that, as a whole over the next several quarters, they are generating positive cash
flows for us to use in de-leveraging our businesswhich we believe to be prudent in this environment and which may even be required by lenders as we renew or replace existing financing and securitization facilities at potentially reduced
advance rates. Our emphasis on de-leveraging our business in the current environment will result in growth and profitability trade-offs. For example, as noted throughout this Report, we have substantially reduced credit card receivables marketing
spend and expect to further reduce our credit card receivables marketing efforts in the coming months; consequently, each of our managed credit card receivables portfolios is expected to show net liquidations in balances for the foreseeable future.
Furthermore, in our Auto Finance segment and our MEM U.K.-based Internet micro-loan operations, where we currently are continuing to deploy capital specifically aimed at growing our business, the levels of capital that we plan to deploy in these
businesses are expected to allow for only modest growth, which will have the effect of lengthening the time that it takes to cover fixed infrastructure costs and consistently generate profits. More aggressive growth would, over time, require
additional liquidity beyond what is available under our current facilities. Once enhanced liquidity is again available to us on attractive terms, we expect to increase our marketing efforts across our businesses and thereby our growth and
profitability.
At June 30, 2008, we had $133.4 million in unrestricted cash. Because the characteristics of our assets and
liabilities change, liquidity management is a dynamic process affected by the pricing and maturity of our assets and liabilities. We finance our business through cash flows from operations, asset-backed securitizations and the issuance of debt and
equity:
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During the first six months of 2008, we generated $343.4 million in cash flows from operations, compared to our $542.2 million of cash flows from operations
generated during the first six months of 2007. The $198.8 million decrease principally reflects: (1) lower collections of credit card finance charge receivables in the first six months of 2008 relative to the first six months of 2007 given the
record level of mid-2007 lower-tier credit card originations that experienced their peak charge off period during the first six months of 2008; (2) diminished originations and the effects on our margins of changes we have made in response to
ongoing discussions with regulators; (3) generally lower payment rates, and consequently lower collections of credit card finance charge receivables, across our credit card portfolios in the first six months of 2008 relative to the first six
months of 2007, which reflect the economic stress we believe some of our customers are experiencing; (4) the inclusion of a full six months of expenses in 2008 associated with acquisitions (JRAS, ACC and MEM) made at various points in time
during the first six months of 2007, which have not yet reached the scale necessary to achieve profitability; (5) higher cash flows associated with our investments in trading securities during the first six months of 2007 relative to the first
six months of 2008; (6) growth in the first six months of 2008 in deposits required to be maintained with our third-party issuing bank partners and retail electronic payment network providers associated with our ongoing origination and
servicing efforts in the U.K.; (7) growth in the first six months of 2008 in inventory balances associated with our JRAS subsidiary; and (8) greater use of cash to reduce accounts payable and accrued expenses in the first six months of
2008 than in the same period of 2007; offset by (1) the receipt of $87.1 million in tax refunds during the first six months of 2008, versus our payment of $24.2 million in taxes during the first six months of 2007; and (2) lower marketing
spend in the first six months of 2008 than in the first six months of 2007.
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During the first six months of 2008, we used $304.0 million of cash in investing activities, compared to using $593.1 million of cash in investing
activities for the first six months of 2007. This $289.1 million decrease in cash used in investing activities reflects (1) the fact that we had no acquisitions of assets in the first six months of 2008, versus our acquisitions of ACC and JRAS
for an aggregate $191.4 million during the first six months of 2007 and (2) lower net investments in our securitized and non-securitized earning assets in the first six months of 2008 relative to the first six months of 2007, which is
consistent with liquidations of our purchased portfolios and a decline in originations over the past year.
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45
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During the first six months of 2008, our financing activities used $24.1 million of cash, compared to providing $73.2 million of cash in the first six months
of 2007. We experienced a number of financing-related transactions in the first six months of 2007 that were not repeated in the first six months of 2008, including our receipt of proceeds from the exercise of warrants and proceeds on borrowings on
financing facilities underlying our lower-tier credit card receivables while we were growing at a significant pace in the first quarter of 2007 and prior to our securitization of these receivables in December 2007 offset by our purchase of treasury
stock. Additionally offsetting the net effects of these 2007 financing activities is our use of $21.4 million in cash to repurchase of $50.0 million (face amount) of convertible senior notes during the first six months of 2008.
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We had over $210 million in immediately available liquidity at the end of the second quarter of 2008. This available
liquidity is represented by unrestricted cash balances and draw potential against our collateral base both within our securitization trusts and supporting our structured financing facilities. We continue to aggressively pursue a number of new
financing facilities and liquidity sources that, if ultimately available to us at attractive pricing and terms, will support heightened levels of marketing and growth opportunities, as well as portfolio acquisitionsall of which we believe are
attractive in the current environment. However, the liquidity environment continues to be particularly challenging in general and more specifically for sub-prime asset classes such as ours. While substantially all of our asset-based financing and
securitization facilities are non-recourse to assets beyond those specific pools of assets backing each respective facility, our failure to renew or replace a maturing financing or securitization facility (except where the facility may represent
excess and unneeded capacity) could potentially result in (1) asset seizures by our lenders or investors, which in turn could result in rather swift impairments to the book value of our equity, and/or (2) accelerated repayment amortization
schedules, which over time could impair the profitability of the assets underlying the facility and limit cash flows to us that we could use to fund other parts of our operations.
Beyond our immediate financing efforts mentioned throughout this Report, shareholders should expect us to evaluate debt and equity issuances on a
consistent and constant basis over time as a means to fund our originated growth plans, as well as portfolio acquisitions. We expect to avail ourselves of any opportunities to raise additional capital if terms and pricing are attractive to us.
As of June 30, 2008, we are authorized to repurchase 10,000,000 common shares under a share repurchase program that our board of
directors authorized in May 2008; this authorization extends through June, 30, 2010. During the second quarter of 2008, we repurchased $50.0 million of our convertible senior notes (at face value) for an aggregate $20.5 million purchase price
(exclusive of amounts paid for accrued interest), and we could make further repurchases in the future. Based on the relative returns available to us when our stock and debt are trading at prevailing prices, shareholders should expect us to continue
evaluating the deployment of our available liquidity to repurchase these securities.
Securitization Facilities
One of our most significant sources of liquidity is the securitization of our credit card receivables. At June 30, 2008, we had committed total
securitization facilities of $2.9 billion, of which we had drawn $1.9 billion. The weighted-average borrowing rate on our securitization facilities was approximately 5.4% at June 30, 2008, and the maturity terms of our securitizations vary.
In the table below, we have noted the securitization facilities (in millions) with respect to which substantially all of our managed
credit card receivables serve as collateral as of June 30, 2008. Following the table are further details concerning each of the facilities.
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Maturity date
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Facility Limit(1)
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September 2008(2)
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$
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306.0
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March 2009(3)
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450.0
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October 2009(4)
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299.5
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December 2009(5)
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212.5
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January 2010(6)
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750.0
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October 2010(4)
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299.5
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January 2014(7)
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97.4
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September 2014(8)
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18.5
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April 2014(9)
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476.4
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Total
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$
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2,909.8
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(1)
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Excludes securitization facilities related to receivables managed by our equity-method investees because such receivables and their related securitization facilities are
appropriately excluded from direct presentation in our consolidated statements of operations or consolidated balance sheet items included herein.
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46
(2)
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Represents the end of the revolving period for a $306.0 million conduit facility issued out of our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust. This facility currently (and in the
recent past) has been our lowest cost (and lowest advance rate) securitization facility within this particular trust, and for this reason, we have found this facility to be attractive in periods where we have not needed all the capacity of our
higher priced (and higher advance rate) variable funding securitization facility within this trust. We have begun initial discussions with the investor in this securitization facility and are optimistic that this facility can be renewed under
reasonable terms and pricing at its maturity date. We are uncertain, however, whether this facility can be renewed under terms and pricing that make a renewal of this facility beneficial, particularly as our current marketing and growth plans show
that we do not need the capacity represented by this facility for the foreseeable future.
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(3)
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Represents the end of the revolving period for a $450.0 million conduit facility issued out of our lower-tier originated portfolio master trust.
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(4)
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In October 2004, we completed two term securitization facilities that we issued out of our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust, a 5-year facility represented by $299.5
million aggregate principal notes and a 6-year facility also represented by $299.5 million aggregate principal notes. To date, we have elected to sell only $287.0 million of the principal notes underlying the 5-year facility and $264.0 million of
the principal notes underlying the 6-year facility. We expect to begin accumulating the principal necessary to repay these facilities within twelve months of their respective expected principal repayment dates.
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(5)
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Represents the anticipated final scheduled monthly payment date for a $300.0 million facility issued out of our lower-tier originated portfolio master trust; through June 30,
2008, amortization payments aggregating $87.5 million had been made against the outstanding balance of this facility.
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(6)
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This two-year variable funding note facility issued out of our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust provides for continued funding of all cardholder purchases on all
accounts in existence upon expiration of the facility with any remaining cash flows after funding all such purchases, servicing costs and debt service costs to be applied toward repayment of the investor.
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(7)
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Represents a ten-year amortizing term series issued out of the Embarcadero Trust.
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(8)
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Represents the conduit notes associated with our 75.1% membership interest in our majority-owned subsidiary that securitized the $92.0 million (face amount) of receivables it
acquired in the third quarter of 2004 and the $72.1 million (face amount) of receivables it acquired in the first quarter of 2005.
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(9)
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In April 2007, we closed an amortizing securitization facility in connection with our U.K. Portfolio acquisition; this facility is denominated in U.K. sterling.
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Dates within the above table for our securitization facilities and our overall commentary within this section are predicated
on our ability to operate successfully without triggering early amortization of our securitization facilities or our debt facilities. We never have triggered an early amortization within any of the facilities underlying our originated portfolio
master trusts securitizations or our on-balance-sheet structured financing facilities, and we do not believe that we will. Still, it is conceivable that, even with careful management, we may trigger an early amortization of one or more of
these outstanding facilities. While each of our securitization facilities and structured financing facilities is recourse only to the specific financial assets underlying each respective securitization or structured financing trust, early
amortization for any of our outstanding securitization or structured financing facilities would have adverse effects on our liquidity during the early amortization period, as well as adverse effects on the book value of our equity to the extent of
our net equity investment in each particular securitization or structured financing trust. Moreover, an early amortization event could have potential long-term adverse effects on our liquidity beyond the repayment period of any particular facility
that is subject to early amortization because potential investors could elect to abstain from future CompuCredit-backed facility issuances.
Contractual
Obligations, Commitments and Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
See Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Commitments
and Contingencies
We also have certain contractual arrangements that would require us to make payments or provide funding if
certain circumstances occur (contingent commitments). We do not currently expect that these contingent commitments will result in any material amounts being paid by us. See Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, to our
condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion of these matters.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Consolidated Financial Statements Components, to our condensed consolidated
financial statements included herein for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We have prepared our financial statements in accordance with GAAP. These principles are numerous and complex. We have summarized our significant
accounting policies in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements. In many instances, the
47
application of GAAP requires management to make estimates or to apply subjective principles to particular facts and circumstances. A variance in the
estimates used or a variance in the application or interpretation of GAAP could yield a materially different accounting result. It is impracticable for us to summarize every accounting principle that requires us to use judgment or estimates in our
application. Nevertheless, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, we discuss the six areas (valuation of retained interests, investments in previously charged-off receivables, non-consolidation of
qualifying special purpose entities, allowance for uncollectible loans and fees, goodwill and identifiable intangible assets and impairment analyses, and investments in securities) where we believe that the estimations, judgments or interpretations
that we have made, if different, would have yielded the most significant differences in our financial statements, and we urge you to review that discussion. In addition, in Note 7, Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, to the condensed
consolidated financial statements included in this report, we have updated a portion of our sensitivity analysis with respect to retained interest valuations.
Related Party Transactions
In June 2007, we signed a sublease for 1,000 square feet of excess office space at our new
Atlanta headquarters office location, to HBR Capital, Ltd., a corporation co-owned by David G. Hanna (Chairman of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer) and Frank J. Hanna, III (David G. Hannas brother and a member of our
Board of Directors). The sublease rate of $22.00 per square foot is the same as the rate that we pay on the prime lease. This sublease expires in May of 2022.
In June, 2007, a partnership formed by Richard W. Gilbert (our Chief Operating Officer and Vice Chairman of our Board of Directors), Richard R. House, Jr. (our President and a member of our Board of Directors), J.Paul
Whitehead III (our Chief Financial Officer), Krishnakumar Srinivasan (President of our Credit Cards segment), and other individual investors (including an unrelated third-party individual investor), acquired £4.7 million ($9.2 million) of
class B notes originally issued to another investor out of our U.K. Portfolio securitization trust. The acquisition price of the notes was the same price at which the original investor had sold $60.0 million of notes to another unrelated
third party. As of June 30, 2008, the outstanding balance of the notes held by the partnership was £2.5 million ($4.9 million). The notes held by the partnership comprise approximately 1.04% of the $469.0 million in total notes
within the trust on that date and are subordinate to the senior tranches within the trust. The B tranche bears interest at LIBOR plus 9%.
In December 2006, we established a contractual relationship with Urban Trust Bank, a federally chartered savings bank (Urban Trust), pursuant to which we purchase credit card receivables underlying
specified Urban Trust credit card accounts. Under this arrangement, in general, an Urban Trust affiliate has the contractual right to receive 5% of all payments received from its cardholder accounts and is obligated to pay 5% of all net costs
incurred by us in connection with managing the program, including the costs of purchasing, marketing, servicing and collecting the receivables. The fair value of Urban Trusts contractual rights are netted against the value of our securitized
earning assets in the issuing bank partner continuing interests category within our detail of securitized earning assets components in Note 7, Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements; the fair value of these contractual rights was $2.0 million at
June 30, 2008. Also, at June 30, 2008, we had deposits with Urban Trust of $5.9 million to cover the growth in purchases by Urban Trust cardholders. Urban Trusts share of gross receivables under its cardholder accounts was $13.2
million as of June 30, 2008. Currently, we are working with CB&T to transfer to Urban Trust all of the accounts originated by CB&T that underlie the receivables within our upper-tier originated portfolio master trust. Frank J. Hanna,
Jr. (who is the father of David G. Hanna and Frank J. Hanna, III) owns a substantial minority interest in Urban Trust and serves on its Board of Directors.
See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Consolidated Financial Statements Components, to the consolidated financial statements included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2007 for a discussion of the investments in previously charged-off receivables by one of our subsidiaries from trusts serviced by us.
Forward-Looking Information
We make forward-looking statements throughout this report including statements with respect to
our expected revenue, income, receivables, income ratios, net interest margins, marketing-based volatility and peak charge-off vintages, acquisitions and other growth opportunities, location openings and closings, loss exposure and loss provisions,
delinquency and charge off rates, changes in collection programs and practices, securitizations and gains from securitizations, changes in the credit quality of our on-balance sheet loans and fees receivable, account growth, the performance of
investments that we have made, operating expenses, marketing plans and expenses, the profitability of and expansion and growth within our Auto Finance segment, the integration of our Auto Finance platforms, the growth and performance of receivables
originated over the Internet, our plans in the U.K., the impact of the acquisition of our U.K. Portfolio of credit card receivables on our financial performance, performance of the U.K. portfolio, sufficiency of available liquidity, the prospect for
improvements in the liquidity markets, future interest costs, sources of funding operations and acquisitions, our ability to raise funds and renew or replace securitization and financing facilities, our income in equity-method investees, the levels
of our ancillary and interchange revenues, our servicing income levels, gains and losses from investments in securities (including asset-backed securities) and other statements of our plans, beliefs or expectations are forward-looking statements. In
some cases these statements are identifiable through the use of words such as anticipate, believe, estimate, expect, intend, plan, project, target,
can, could, may, should, will, would and similar expressions.
48
You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking
statements we make are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to various assumptions, risks and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by these forward-looking statements. Actual results
may differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements that we make for a number of reasons including those described in Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this report.
We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or
otherwise, except as required by law.
ITEM 3.
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QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
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Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk
In the ordinary course of business, we are exposed to various interest rate risks
particularly in our Credit Cards and Auto Finance segments. Our interest rate sensitivity is comprised of basis risk, gap risk and market risk. Basis risk is caused by the difference in the interest rate indices or rates used to price assets and
liabilities. Gap risk is caused by the difference in repricing intervals between assets and liabilities. Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. Our principal market risk is related to changes in interest
rates. This affects us directly in our lending and borrowing activities, as well as indirectly because interest rates may impact the payment performance of our customers. To date, we have chosen not to hedge these various interest rate risks because
we believe our exposure to these risks is not likely to have a materially adverse effect on our business and because we believe that our business model creates a natural hedge to certain of these risks.
Credit Cards Segment.
In our Credit Cards segment, we incur basis risk because we fund managed assets at a spread over commercial paper
rates or LIBOR, while the rates underlying our U.S. managed assets generally are indexed to the prime rate. This basis risk results from the potential variability over time in the spread between the prime rate on the one hand, and commercial paper
rates and LIBOR on the other hand. We have not hedged our basis risk because we believe that these indices tend to move together and that the costs of hedging this risk are greater than the benefits we would get from the elimination of this risk.
We incur gap risk within our Credit Cards segment because the debt underlying our securitization trust facilities reprices monthly;
whereas, some of our receivables do not adjust automatically (as in the case of our U.K. Portfolio) unless we specifically adjust them with appropriate notification. Under ordinary circumstances, this gap risk is relatively minor, however, because
we generally can reprice the substantial majority of our credit card receivables in response to a rate change. We note that our breach of contract dispute with CB&T has created what we believe to be a relatively temporary period during which our
gap risk is much more significant than normal as CB&T has refused to re-price a substantial number of credit card accounts in violation of our agreements with them.
As to the issue of market risk within our Credit Cards segment, we attempt to minimize the impact of interest rate fluctuations on net income by regularly evaluating the risk inherent within our asset and liability
structure, especially our off-balance-sheet assets (such as securitized receivables) and their corresponding liabilities. The impact of interest rate fluctuations on our securitized receivables is reflected in the valuation of our retained interests
in credit card receivables securitized. This risk arises from continuous changes in our asset and liability mix, changes in market interest rates (including such changes that are caused by fluctuations in prevailing interest rates, payment trends on
our interest-earning assets and payment requirements on our interest-bearing liabilities) and the general timing of all other cash flows. To manage our direct risk to interest rates, management actively monitors interest rates and the interest
sensitive components of our securitization structures. Management seeks to minimize the impact of changes in interest rates on the fair value of assets, net income and cash flows primarily by matching asset and liability repricings. There can be no
assurance, however, that we will be successful in our attempts to manage such risks.
At June 30, 2008, a substantial majority of our
managed credit card receivables, including those related to our equity-method investees, and other interest-earning assets had variable rate pricing, with substantially all U.S. credit card receivables carrying annual percentage rates at a spread
over the prime rate, subject to interest rate floors. At June 30, 2008, $582.7 million of our total managed credit card receivables were priced at their floor rate, of which, $37.1 million of these receivables were closed and
therefore ineligible to be repriced and the remaining $545.6 million were open and eligible to be repriced. Although not keenly relevant to the current accommodative interest rate environment, if we experience an increase in LIBOR, our earnings and
cash flows will be adversely affected until the variable rate pricing on the $37.1 million in closed account receivables (as hypothetically determined under the assumption that there was no floor rate) rises to the level of their floor rate. To
the extent we choose to reprice any of the $545.6 million of receivables underlying the open accounts for which variable rate pricing (assuming that there was no floor rate) is below their floor rate, however, we can mitigate against any
possible adverse effects of these open accounts on our earnings and cash flows.
Auto Finance Segment.
At June 30, 2008,
all of our Auto Finance segments loans receivable were fixed rate amortizing loans and typically are not eligible to be repriced. As such, we incur interest rate risks within our Auto Finance segment because funding under our structured
financing facilities is priced at a spread over floating commercial paper rates; whereas, our Auto Finance
49
receivables are fixed-rate amortizing loans. In a rising rate environment, our net interest margin between a floating cost of funds and a fixed rate interest
income stream may become compressed. Our various debt facilities in the auto segment contain requirements to fix our floating rate exposure should floating rate indexes reach certain prescribed levels (generally 6%). Given the current accommodative
rate environment, we may choose to effectively fix our floating rate exposure at current lower levels. This may be accomplished via derivative instruments such as interest swaps or interest rate caps, and we may elect to enter into these
arrangements even if, by their nature or structure they are not perfect hedges from an accounting perspective.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our Sterling-denominated investments in the United Kingdom (£88.3 million as of June 30, 2008) have created balance sheet exposure to currency
exchange rates. Specifically, the translation of the balance sheets of our U.K. operations from their local currencies into U.S. dollars is sensitive to changes in U.S. dollar/ U.K. sterling currency exchange rates. These translation gains and
losses are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments on our consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income and as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders equity on our consolidated balance
sheets. We also will have transactional gains and losses that are caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These transaction gains and losses flow through our consolidated statement of operations. We have not hedged our foreign currency
risk because we believe that the cost of hedging this risk is greater than the benefits we would get from the elimination of this risk; we are continuing, however, to weigh the benefits versus costs of hedging this risk.
Mark-to-Market Risk
In the past, we have purchased
debt and equity securities of others, principally those issued by asset-backed securitization trusts (e.g., notes secured or backed by pools of assets). These securities in many cases were junior, including below investment grade,
tranches of securities issued by the trusts. The assets underlying these securities were not originated by us and, accordingly, may not meet the underwriting standards that we follow in originating receivables. Further, we do not have
direct control over the management of the underlying assets and, similarly, they may not be managed as effectively as we would manage similar assets. As a result, the securities in which we have invested may carry higher risks, including risks
of higher delinquencies and charge offs, risks of covenant violations and risks of value impairment due to the claims of more senior securities issued by the trusts, than similar assets originated and owned by us. These higher risks can cause
much greater valuation volatility for these securities than we typically have experienced and would expect to experience on our holdings of securities underlying the trusts that we service; such was the case during 2007 during which we experienced
material realized and unrealized losses on our portfolio of these previously acquired securities. At June 30, 2008, we had valued our remaining investments in asset-backed securities (and associated debt) at zero as the remaining assets were
liquidated in response to margin calls. Because the margin loans underlying these investments were non-recourse, we do not expect to realize any further losses in connection with these investments.
ITEM 4.
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CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
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(a) Disclosure controls
and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the
participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
Exchange Act). Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at meeting
their objectives.
(b) Internal control over financial reporting.
There were not any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under
the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
50
PART IIOTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
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LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
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We are involved in various legal
proceedings that are incidental to the conduct of our business. The material proceedings are described below.
We and five of our
subsidiaries are defendants in a purported class action lawsuit entitled
Knox, et al., vs. First Southern Cash Advance, et al.
, No 5 CV 0445, filed in the Superior Court of New Hanover County, North Carolina, on
February 8, 2005. The plaintiffs allege that in conducting a so-called payday lending business, certain of our Retail Micro-Loans segment subsidiaries violated various laws governing consumer finance, lending, check cashing, trade
practices and loan brokering. The plaintiffs further allege that we are the alter ego of our subsidiaries and are liable for their actions. The plaintiffs are seeking damages of up to $75,000 per class member. We are vigorously defending this
lawsuit. These claims are similar to those that have been asserted against several other market participants in transactions involving small balance, short-term loans made to consumers in North Carolina.
Commencing in June 2006, the FDIC began investigating the policies, practices and procedures used in connection with our credit card originating
financial institution relationships. In December 2006, the FTC commenced a related investigation. In general, the investigations focused upon whether marketing and other materials contained misrepresentations regarding, among other things, fees and
credit limits and whether servicing and collection practices were conducted in accordance with applicable law. We provided substantial information to both the FDIC and FTC, and held settlement discussions with the FDIC and FTC. In April 2008,
we entered into an agreement in principle with the FTC and FDIC in order to resolve the investigations. The agreement contemplated formal settlement agreements with both the FTC and FDIC and was conditioned on the FDICs entering into
settlement agreements with three of our issuing banks. Under the agreement in principle, and under the contemplated settlement agreements, we would have issued approximately $80 million in credits, the cash cost and pre-tax earnings effects of which
would have been approximately $7.5 millionan amount we have accrued as a reserve on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of both March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2008. Even though we reached agreement with the FTC and FDIC on the
terms of our settlement agreements, two of the three issuing banks were unable to reach agreement with the FDIC. As a result, on June 10, 2008, the FTC commenced an action against us and one of our subsidiaries in the United States District
Court for the Northern District of Georgia entitled
Federal Trade Commission vs. CompuCredit et al
., Case No. 1:08ev01976-BBM-RGV, and the FDIC commenced three administrative proceedings against us (each of which is assigned dual case
numbers), Nos. FDIC-08-139b, FDIC-08-140k, FDIC-07-256b, FDIC-07-257k, FDIC 07-228b and FDIC-07-260k, two of which also are against the issuing banks that did not reach agreement with the FDIC. In general, the actions allege that we and our bank
partners overstated the amount of available credit and inadequately disclosed up-front fees and that one of our subsidiaries misrepresented when certain accounts would be treated as paid in full and utilized prohibited telephone
collection practices. We are vigorously contesting these actions. We continue to believe, however, that our marketing and other materials and servicing and collection practices previously complied with, and continue to comply with, applicable law.
Although it is premature to determine the ultimate outcome of these actions, we do not believe that the outcome will be material to our financial condition. These actions currently are the subject of answers or motions to dismiss.
On May 23, 2008, CompuCredit and one of our subsidiaries filed a complaint against CB&T
in the State Court of Fulton County, Georgia, in an action entitled
CompuCredit Corporation et al. vs. CB&T et al
., Civil Action No. 08-EV-004730-F. Among other things, the complaint as now amended alleges that CB&T, in violation
of its contractual obligations, failed to provide CompuCredit rebates, marketing fees, revenues or other fees or discounts that were paid or granted by Visa
®
, MasterCard
®
, or other card associations with respect to or apportionable to accounts covered by CB&Ts agreements with us and other consideration due to us. The complaint also alleges that
CB&T refused to approve changes requested by us to the terms of the credit card accounts and refused to transfer credit card accounts to our third-party designees, all in violation of the agreements among the parties. This complaint currently is
the subject of a motion to transfer.
On June 11, 2008, CB&T filed a complaint against us and one of our subsidiaries in the
United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia,
CB&T vs. CompuCredit Corporation et al
., Civil Action no. 4:08cv78. In general, the complaint requests that the court order us to implement certain changes to the terms of
the CB&T-issued credit cards. We are vigorously contesting this complaint. This complaint currently is the subject of a motion to dismiss.
On July 14, 2008, CompuCredit and four of our officers, David G. Hanna, Richard R. House, Jr., Richard W. Gilbert and J.Paul Whitehead III, were named as defendants in a purported class action securities case filed in the United States
District Court for the Northern District of Georgia entitled
Waterford Township General Employees Retirement System vs. CompuCredit Corporation, et al.
, Civil Action No. 08-CV-2270. In general, the complaint alleges that we made false
and misleading statements (or concealed information) regarding the nature of our assets, accounting for loan losses, marketing and collection practices, exposure to sub-prime losses, ability to lend funds, and expected future performance. We are
vigorously contesting this complaint. The defendants intend to file a motion to dismiss.
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Our debt collections subsidiary, Jefferson Capital, is a party to a series of agreements with Encore. In
general, Encore is obligated to purchase from Jefferson Capital certain defaulted credit card receivables. The agreements also require Encore to sell certain charged off receivables to Jefferson Capital under its balance transfer program and chapter
13 bankruptcy agreements. On July 10, 2008, Encore did not purchase certain accounts as contemplated by the agreements, alleging that the accounts that it was required to purchase failed to meet certain representations and warranties set forth
in the agreements, generally as a result of the allegations made by the FTC as described above. In connection with its failure, Encore alleged that CompuCredit and Jefferson Capital were in breach of certain representations and warranties within the
agreements. We are vigorously contesting this dispute. This dispute has been submitted to arbitration for resolution.
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An investment in our common stock or
other securities involves a number of risks. You should carefully consider each of the risks described below before deciding to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks develops into actual events, our business, financial condition
or results of operations could be negatively affected, the market price of our common stock or other securities could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Our Cash Flows and Net Income Are Dependent Upon Payments on the Receivables Underlying Our Securitizations and From Our Other Credit Products.
The collectibility of the receivables underlying our securitizations and those that we hold and do not securitize is a function of many factors including
the criteria used to select who is issued credit, the pricing of the credit products, the lengths of the relationships, general economic conditions, the rate at which customers repay their accounts or become delinquent, and the rate at which
customers use their cards or otherwise borrow funds from us. To the extent we have over-estimated collectibility, in all likelihood we have over-estimated our financial performance. Some of these concerns are discussed more fully below.
We may not successfully evaluate the creditworthiness of our customers and may not price our credit products so as to remain profitable.
The creditworthiness of our target market generally is considered sub-prime based on guidance issued by the agencies that regulate the banking industry. Thus, our customers generally have a higher frequency of delinquencies, higher risks
of nonpayment and, ultimately, higher credit losses than consumers who are served by more traditional providers of consumer credit. Some of the consumers included in our target market are consumers who are dependent upon finance companies, consumers
with only retail store credit cards and/or lacking general purpose credit cards, consumers who are establishing or expanding their credit, and consumers who may have had a delinquency, a default or, in some instances, a bankruptcy in their credit
histories, but have, in our view, demonstrated recovery. We price our credit products taking into account the perceived risk level of our customers. If our estimates are incorrect, customer default rates will be higher, we will receive less cash
from the receivables, the value of our retained interests and our loans and fees receivable will decline, and we will experience reduced levels of net income.
An economic slowdown could increase credit losses and/or decrease our growth.
Because our business is directly related to consumer spending, during periods of economic slowdown or recession it is more
difficult for us to add or retain accounts and receivables, and receivables may decline if consumers restrain spending. In addition, during periods of economic slowdown or recession, we expect to experience an increase in rates of delinquencies and
frequency and severity of credit losses. Our actual rates of delinquencies and frequency and severity of credit losses may be comparatively higher during periods of economic slowdown or recession than those experienced by more traditional providers
of consumer credit because of our focus on the financially underserved consumer market, which may be disproportionately impacted. Other economic and social factors, including, among other things, changes in consumer confidence levels, the
publics perception of the use of credit and changing attitudes about incurring debt, and the stigma of personal bankruptcy, also can impact credit use and account performance. Moreover, adverse changes in economic conditions in states where
customers are located, including as a result of severe weather, can have a direct impact on the timing and amount of payments of receivables. Recent trends in the U.S. economy suggest that we are entering a period of economic downturn or recession.
We recently purchased a substantial portfolio of receivables in the U.K. and now will have greater exposure to the U.K. economy and
currency exchange rates.
In April 2007, we purchased a portfolio of credit card receivables having a face value of £490 million ($970 million) as of the date of purchase. Although we have had minor operations in the U.K.
previously, this is our first significant investment there, and we now will have substantially greater exposure to fluctuations in the U.K. economy. As a result of this investment, we also will have greater exposure to fluctuations in the relative
values of the U.S. dollar and the British pound.
Because a significant portion of our reported income is based on managements
estimates of the future performance of securitized receivables, differences between actual and expected performance of the receivables may cause fluctuations in net income.
Income from the sale of receivables in securitization transactions
and income from retained interests in receivables securitized have constituted, and are likely to continue to constitute, a significant portion of our income. Significant portions of this income are based on managements estimates of cash flows
we expect to receive from the interests that we retain when we securitize receivables. The expected cash flows are based on managements estimates of interest rates, default rates, payment rates, cardholder purchases, costs of funds paid to
investors in the securitizations, servicing costs, discount rates and required amortization payments. These estimates are based on a variety of factors, many of which are not within our control. Substantial differences between actual and expected
performance of the receivables will occur and will cause fluctuations in our net income. For instance, higher than expected rates of delinquency and loss could cause our net income to be lower than expected. Similarly with respect to financing
agreements secured by our on-balance-sheet receivables, levels of loss and delinquency could result in our being required to repay our lenders earlier than expected, thereby reducing funds available to us for future growth.
Our portfolio of receivables is not diversified and originates from customers whose creditworthiness is considered sub-prime.
We obtain the
receivables that we securitize and retain on our balance sheet in one of two wayswe either originate the receivables or purchase pools of receivables from other issuers. In either case, substantially all of our receivables are from financially
underserved borrowersborrowers represented by credit risks that regulators classify as sub-prime. Our reliance on sub-prime receivables has in
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the past (and may in the future) negatively impacted our performance. For example, in 2001, we suffered a substantial loss after we increased the discount
rate that we used in valuing our retained interests to reflect the higher rate of return required by securitization investors in sub-prime markets. These losses might have been mitigated had our portfolios consisted of higher-grade receivables in
addition to our sub-prime receivables. We have no immediate plans to issue or acquire significant higher-grade receivables.
Seasonal
factors may result in fluctuations in our net income.
Our quarterly income may fluctuate substantially as a result of seasonal consumer spending. In particular, our credit card customers may charge more and carry higher balances during the
year-end holiday season and during the late summer vacation and back-to-school period, resulting in corresponding increases in the receivables we manage and subsequently securitize or finance during those periods.
The timing and volume of originations with respect to our lower-tier credit card offerings causes significant fluctuations in quarterly
income.
Fluctuations in the timing or the volume of receivables will cause fluctuations in our quarterly income. Factors that affect the timing or volume include marketing efforts, the general economy and the other factors discussed in this
section. For example, given the significant and variable growth rates that we have experienced for our lower-tier credit card offerings and given the appreciably shorter vintage life cycles for these offerings relative to our more traditional credit
card offerings, we have experienced, and in the future expect to experience, significant volatility of quarterly earnings from these offerings based on the varying levels of marketing and receivables origination in the quarters preceding peak
vintage charge off periods. Our lower-tier credit card receivables tend to follow similar patterns of delinquency and write off, with the peak period of write offs occurring approximately eight to nine months following account origination. During
periods of sustained growth, the negative impact of these peak periods generally is offset by the impact of new receivables. During periods of no or more limited growth, it is not. We substantially reduced our credit card marketing efforts beginning
in August 2007, thereby reducing our growth. This followed a period of substantial marketing efforts and growth. One impact of this has been an increase in write offs during the first and second quarters of 2008 that were not offset by growth.
Increases in interest rates will increase our cost of funds and may reduce the payment performance of our customers.
Increases in interest rates will increase our cost of funds, which could significantly affect our results of operations and financial condition. We recently have experienced higher interest rates. Our credit card accounts have variable interest
rates. Significant increases in these variable interest rates may reduce the payment performance of our customers.
Due to the lack
of historical experience with Internet customers, we may not be able to target successfully these customers or evaluate their creditworthiness.
There is less historical experience with respect to the credit risk and performance of customers
acquired over the Internet. As part of our growth strategy, we are expanding our origination of accounts over the Internet; however, we may not be able to target and evaluate successfully the creditworthiness of these potential customers. Therefore,
we may encounter difficulties managing the expected delinquencies and losses and appropriately pricing our products.
We Are Substantially Dependent
Upon Securitizations and Other Borrowed Funds to Fund the Receivables That We Originate or Purchase.
All of our securitization and
financing facilities are of finite duration (and ultimately will need to be extended or replaced) and contain financial covenants and other conditions that must be fulfilled in order for funding to be available. Assuming that we meet applicable
financial covenants and other conditions (which cannot be assured), our primary credit card receivables securitization facility with Merrill Lynch alleviates for the foreseeable future our principal exposure to advance rate fluctuations within our
upper-tier originated portfolio master trust. However, we have significant Auto Finance segment financing facilities that mature in September 2008 and a lower-tier originated portfolio master trust securitization facility that matures in March 2009,
and the lender/investor under those respective facilities has advised us that it is unwilling to extend those facilities under the current terms. In the event that future advance rates (i.e., the percentage on a dollar of receivables that lenders
will lend us) for securitizations or financing facilities are reduced, investors in securitizations or financing facilities lenders require a greater rate of return, we fail to meet the requirements for continued funding or securitizations, or
financing arrangements otherwise become unavailable to us, we may not be able to maintain or grow our base of receivables or it may be more expensive for us to do so. In addition, because of advance rate limitations, we retain subordinate interests
in our securitizations, so-called retained interests, that must be funded through profitable operations, equity raised from third parties or funds borrowed elsewhere. The cost and availability of equity and borrowed funds is dependent
upon our financial performance, the performance of our industry generally and general economic and market conditions, and at times equity and borrowed funds have been both expensive and difficult to obtain. Some of these concerns are discussed more
fully below.
Our growth is dependent on our ability to add new securitization and financing facilities.
We finance our
receivables through securitizations and financing facilities. To the extent we grow our receivables significantly, our cash requirements are likely to exceed the amount of cash we generate from operations, thus requiring us to add new securitization
or financing facilities. Our historic and projected performance impact whether, on what terms and at what cost we can sell interests in our securitizations or obtain financing from lenders. If additional securitization and financing facilities are
not available on terms we consider acceptable, or if existing securitization and financing facilities are not renewed on terms as favorable as we have now or are not renewed at all, we may not be able to grow our business and it may contract in
size.
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Beginning in 2007, largely as a result of difficulties in the sub-prime mortgage market, less financing
has been available to sub-prime lenders generally, and the financing that has been available has been on less favorable terms. As a result, beginning in the third quarter of 2007 we significantly curtailed our marketing for new credit cards in order
to preserve our cash and access to financing for our most critical needs.
As our securitization and financing facilities mature, the
proceeds from the underlying receivables will not be available to us for reinvestment or other purposes.
Repayment for our securitization facilities begins as early as one year prior to their maturity dates. Once repayment begins and until
the facility is paid, payments from customers on the underlying receivables are accumulated to repay the investors and no longer are reinvested in new receivables. When a securitization facility matures, the underlying trust continues to own the
receivables, and the maturing facility retains its priority in payments on the underlying receivables until it is repaid in full. As a result, new purchases need to be funded using debt, equity or a replacement facility subordinate to the maturing
facilitys interest in the underlying receivables. Although this subordination historically has not made it more difficult to obtain replacement facilities, it may do so in the future. If we are obligated to repay a securitization facility and
we also are unable to obtain alternative sources of liquidity, such as debt, equity or new securitization facilities that are structurally subordinate to the facility being repaid, we may be forced to prohibit new purchases in some or all of our
accounts in order to significantly reduce our need for any additional cash.
The documents governing our securitization facilities provide
that, upon the occurrence of certain adverse events known as early redemption events, investors can accelerate payments. Early redemption events include portfolio performance triggers, the termination of our affinity agreements with
third-party financial institutions to originate credit cards, breach of certain representations, warranties and covenants, insolvency or receivership, and servicer defaults, and may include the occurrence of an early redemption event with respect to
another securitization transaction. In the Merrill Lynch facility, an early redemption event also may be triggered based on a total consolidated equity test or a change of control in CompuCredit. If an early redemption event occurs, principal
payments would be made to investors to reduce their interests in our securitizations. As investors interests in our securitizations decrease, our liquidity would be negatively impacted and our financial results may suffer. We would need to
obtain alternative sources of funding, and there is no certainty that we would be able to do so. Similar triggers exist with respect to the financing facilities for our loans and fees receivable retained on our balance sheet, the refunding of which
could be made more difficult or impossible at terms acceptable to us if we hit such triggers.
We may be unable to obtain capital
from third parties needed to fund our existing securitizations and loans and fees receivable or may be forced to rely on more expensive funding sources.
We need equity or debt capital to fund our retained interests in our securitizations and
the difference between our loans and fees receivable and the amount that lenders will advance or lend to us against those receivables. Investors should be aware of our dependence on third parties for funding and our exposure to increases in costs
for that funding. External factors, including the general economy, impact our ability to obtain funds. For instance, in 2001, we needed additional liquidity to fund our operations and the growth in our retained interests, and we had a difficult time
obtaining the needed cash. Similarly, beginning in 2007 financing has become increasingly difficult to obtain on terms as favorable as those that we recently were able to obtain, and we significantly curtailed our marketing efforts and the issuance
of new cards. If in the future we need to raise cash by issuing additional debt or equity or by selling a portion of our retained interests, there is no certainty that we will be able to do so or that we will be able to do so on favorable terms. Our
ability to raise cash will depend on factors such as our performance and creditworthiness, the performance of our industry, the performance of issuers of other (non-credit-card-based) asset-backed securities, particularly sub-prime mortgages, and
the general economy.
Increases in expected losses and delinquencies may prevent us from securitizing future receivables on terms
similar to those that currently are available or from obtaining favorable financing for non-securitized receivables.
Greater than expected delinquencies and losses also could impact our ability to complete other securitization or financing
transactions on acceptable terms or at all, thereby decreasing our liquidity and forcing us to either decrease or stop our growth or rely on alternative, and potentially more expensive, funding sources if even available.
Increased utilization of existing credit lines by cardholders would require us to establish additional securitization and financing facilities or
curtail credit lines.
Our existing commitments to extend credit to cardholders exceed our available securitization and financing facilities. If all of our cardholders were to use their entire lines of credit at the same time, we would not
have sufficient capacity to fund card use. However, in that event, we could either reduce our cardholders available credit lines or establish additional securitization and financing facilities. This would subject us to several of the other
risks that we have described in this section.
The performance of our competitors impact the costs of our securitizations and
financing facilities.
Generally speaking, investors in our securitizations also invest in our competitors securitizations, and lenders against our receivables also lend against our competitors receivables. When these investors
and lenders evaluate their investments and lending arrangements, they typically do so
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on the basis of overall industry performance. Thus, independent of our own performance, when our competitors perform poorly, we typically experience negative
investor and lender sentiment, and the investors in our securitizations and lenders against our receivables require greater returns, particularly with respect to subordinated interests in our securitizations. In 2001, for instance, investors
demanded unprecedented returns. More recently, largely because of difficulties in the sub-prime mortgage market, investors have been substantially more reluctant, if even willing, to invest and those that have been willing to invest have sought
greater returns.
In the event that investors require higher returns and we sell our retained interests in securitizations at that time,
the total return to the buyer may be greater than the discount rate we are using to value the retained interests for purposes of our financial statements. This would result in a loss for us at the time of the sale as the total proceeds from the sale
would be less than the carrying amount of the retained interests in our financial statements. We also might increase the discount rate used to value all of our other retained interests, which would result in further losses. Conversely, if we sold
our retained interests for a total return to the investor that was less than our current discount rate, we would record income from the sale, and we potentially would decrease the rate used to value all of our other retained interests, which would
result in additional income.
We may be required to pay to investors in our securitizations an amount equal to the amount of
securitized receivables if representations and warranties regarding those receivables are inaccurate.
The representations and warranties made to us by sellers of receivables we purchase may be inaccurate. In securitization transactions, in
reliance on the representations and warranties that we have received, we make similar representations and warranties to investors and, generally speaking, if there is a breach of our representations and warranties, we could be required to pay the
investors the amount of the non-compliant receivables. Thus, our reliance on a representation or warranty of a receivables seller, which proves to be false and causes a breach of one of our representations or warranties, could subject us to a
potentially costly liability.
Our Financial Performance Is, in Part, a Function of the Aggregate Amount of Receivables That Are Outstanding.
The aggregate amount of outstanding receivables is a function of many factors including purchase rates, payment rates, interest rates,
seasonality, general economic conditions, competition from other credit card issuers and other sources of consumer financing, access to funding, the timing and extent of our marketing efforts and the success of our marketing efforts. To the extent
that we have over-estimated the size or growth of our receivables, in all likelihood we have over-estimated our future financial performance.
Intense competition for customers may cause us to lose receivables to competitors.
We may lose receivables to competitors that offer lower interest rates and fees or other more attractive terms or features. We believe that customers choose credit card issuers and other lenders largely on the basis of interest rates, fees, credit
limits and other product features. For this reason, customer loyalty is often limited. Our ability to maintain and grow our business depends largely upon the success of our marketing efforts. Our credit card business competes with national, regional
and local bank and other credit card issuers, including issuers of American Express
®
, Discover
®
, Visa
®
and MasterCard
®
credit cards. Our other businesses have substantial competitors as well. Some of these competitors already may use or may begin using many
of the programs and strategies that we have used to attract new accounts. In addition, many of our competitors are substantially larger than we are and have greater financial resources. Further, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which permits the
affiliation of commercial banks, insurance companies and securities firms, may increase the level of competition in the financial services market, including the credit card business.
We may be unable to sustain and manage our growth.
Growth is a product of a combination of factors, many of which are not in our control.
Factors include:
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the level of our marketing efforts;
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the success of our marketing efforts;
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the degree to which we lose business to competitors;
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the level of usage of our credit products by our customers;
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the availability of portfolios for purchase on attractive terms;
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levels of delinquencies and charge offs;
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the availability of funding, including securitizations, on favorable terms;
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our ability to sell retained interests on favorable terms;
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the level of costs of soliciting new customers;
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our ability to employ and train new personnel;
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our ability to maintain adequate management systems, collection procedures, internal controls and automated systems; and
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general economic and other factors beyond our control.
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We may experience fluctuations in net income or sustain net losses if we are not able to sustain or effectively manage our growth.
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Our decisions regarding marketing can have a significant impact on our growth.
We can
increase or decrease the size of our outstanding receivables balances by increasing or decreasing our marketing efforts. Marketing is expensive, and during periods when we have less liquidity than we like or when prospects for continued liquidity in
the future do not look promising, we may decide to limit our marketing and thereby our growth. We decreased our marketing during 2003, although we increased our marketing in 2004 through 2006 because of our improved access to capital. Similarly, we
significantly curtailed our marketing in August 2007 because of uncertainty regarding future access to capital as a result of difficulties in the sub-prime mortgage market.
Our operating expenses and our ability to effectively service our accounts are dependent on our ability to estimate the future size and general
growth rate of the portfolio.
Some of our servicing and vendor agreements require us to make additional payments if we overestimate the size or growth of our business. These additional payments compensate the servicers and vendors for
increased staffing expenses and other costs they incur in anticipation of our growth. If we grow more slowly than anticipated, we still may have higher servicing expenses than we actually need, thus reducing our net income.
We Operate in a Heavily Regulated Industry.
Changes
in bankruptcy, privacy or other consumer protection laws, or to the prevailing interpretation thereof, may expose us to litigation, adversely affect our ability to collect account balances in connection with our traditional credit card business, our
debt collection subsidiarys charged-off receivables operations, and our auto finance and micro-loan activities, or otherwise adversely affect our operations. Similarly, regulatory changes could adversely affect our ability or willingness to
market credit cards and other products and services to our customers. The accounting rules that govern our business are exceedingly complex, difficult to apply and in a state of flux. As a result, how we value our receivables and otherwise account
for our business (including whether we consolidate our securitizations) is subject to change depending upon the changes in, and, interpretation of, those rules. Some of these issues are discussed more fully below.
Reviews and enforcement actions by regulatory authorities under banking and consumer protection laws and regulations may result in changes to our
business practices, may make collection of account balances more difficult or may expose us to the risk of fines, restitution and litigation.
Our operations, and the operations of the issuing banks through which we originate credit products,
are subject to the jurisdiction of federal, state and local government authorities, including the SEC, the FDIC, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the FTC, U.K. banking authorities, state regulators having jurisdiction over financial
institutions and debt origination and collection and state attorneys general. Our business practices, including the terms of our products and our marketing, servicing and collection practices, are subject to both periodic and special reviews by
these regulatory and enforcement authorities. These reviews can range from investigations of specific consumer complaints or concerns to broader inquiries into our practices generally. If as part of these reviews the regulatory authorities conclude
that we are not complying with applicable law, they could request or impose a wide range of remedies including requiring changes in advertising and collection practices, changes in the terms of our products (such as decreases in interest rates or
fees), the imposition of fines or penalties, or the paying of restitution or the taking of other remedial action with respect to affected customers. They also could require us to stop offering some of our products, either nationally or in selected
states. To the extent that these remedies are imposed on the issuing banks through which we originate credit products, under certain circumstances we are responsible for the remedies as a result of our indemnification obligations with those banks.
We also may elect to change practices or products that we believe are compliant with law in order to respond to regulatory concerns. Furthermore, negative publicity relating to any specific inquiry or investigation could hurt our ability to conduct
business with various industry participants or to attract new accounts and could negatively affect our stock price, which would adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital and would raise our costs of doing business.
As discussed in more detail below, in March 2006, one of our subsidiaries stopped processing and servicing micro-loans in North Carolina in settlement of
a review by the North Carolina Attorney General, and also in 2006, we terminated our processing and servicing of micro-loans for third-party banks in three other states in response to a position taken in February 2006 with respect to banks generally
by the FDIC.
In June 2006, we entered into an assurance agreement with the New York Attorney General in order to resolve an inquiry into
our marketing and other materials and our servicing and collection practices, principally as a result of New York Personal Property Law Section 413. Pursuant to this agreement, we agreed to pay a $0.5 million civil penalty to the State of New
York and to refund certain fees to New York cardholders, which resulted in cash payments of under $2.0 million and a charge against a $5.0 million liability that we accrued for this purpose. In addition, we assured the New York Attorney General that
we would not engage in certain marketing, billing, servicing and collection practices, a number of which we previously had discontinued.
Also, commencing in June 2006, the FDIC began investigating the policies, practices and procedures used in connection with our credit card originating financial institution relationships. In December 2006, the FTC commenced a related
investigation. In June 2008, both of the regulators commenced actions against us and three of the banks that historically have issued cards on our behalf. See Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings of this report for a description of
these actions.
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If any additional deficiencies or violations of law or regulations are identified by us or asserted by
any regulator, or if the FDIC, FTC or any other regulator requires us to change any of our practices, there can be no assurance that the correction of such deficiencies or violations, or the making of such changes, would not have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition, results of operations or business. In addition, whether or not we modify our practices when a regulatory or enforcement authority requests or requires that we do so, there is a risk that we or other industry
participants may be named as defendants in litigation involving alleged violations of federal and state laws and regulations, including consumer protection laws. Any failure to comply with legal requirements by us or the issuing banks through which
we originate credit products in connection with the issuance of those products, or by us or our agents as the servicer of our accounts, could significantly impair our ability to collect the full amount of the account balances. The institution of any
litigation of this nature, or any judgment against us or any other industry participant in any litigation of this nature, could adversely affect our business and financial condition in a variety of ways.
Increases in required minimum payment levels could impact our business adversely.
Recently, regulators of credit card issuers have
requested or required that issuers increase their minimum monthly payment requirements to prevent so-called negative amortization, in which the monthly minimum payment is not sufficient to reduce the outstanding balance even if new
purchases are not made. This can be caused by, among other things, the imposition of over-limit, late and other fees. We request a minimum payment from our credit cardholders equal to the greater of 3% or 4% (depending upon the credit card product)
of their outstanding balance or an amount that is sufficient to cover over-limit, late and other feesa minimum payment level that is designed to prevent negative amortization. However, we have historically followed a more consumer-friendly
practice of not treating cardholders as delinquent (with commensurate adverse credit agency reporting) provided they make a minimum payment of only 3% or 4% (depending on the credit card product) of their outstanding balance (i.e., exclusive of the
requested over-limit, late and other fees). Because of this practice, 3.8% of our U.S. accounts and 5.9% of our U.S. credit card receivables were experiencing negative amortization at December 31, 2006. In response to comments about minimum
payments and negative amortization received from the FDIC in the course of its routine examinations of the banks that issue credit cards on our behalf, during the second quarter of 2006 we began a review of our practices in this area. As a result of
this review and in keeping with our goals of maintaining our consumer-friendly practices in this area, commencing during the third and fourth quarters of 2006, we discontinued billing finance charges and fees on credit card accounts once they become
over ninety days delinquent. We made several additional consumer-friendly changes in 2007 that have the effect of preventing negative amortization, including a change in the fourth quarter of 2007 whereby we began to reverse fees and finance charges
on the accounts of cardholders who made payments so that those accounts would not be in negative amortization. Based on our various 2007 changes to our practices in this area, U.S. accounts representing only approximately 0.06% of our U.S. credit
card receivables were experiencing negative amortization at June 30, 2008. The changes that we have made are likely to adversely impact the amounts ultimately collected from cardholders and therefore our delinquency and charge off statistics.
Additionally, based on on-going discussions with the FDIC, evolving minimum payment practices in the credit card industry, and our desire to continue to lead the industry in the application of consumer-friendly credit card practices, we may make
further payment and fee-related changes in the next six to twelve months, and while it is possible that some of these changes may even be beneficial to our financial position and future results of operations, we do not yet know how these changes
would affect our customers payment patterns and therefore us.
Adverse regulatory action with respect to issuing banks could
adversely impact our business.
It is possible that a regulatory position or action taken with respect to any of the issuing banks through which we originate credit products or for whom we service receivables might result in the banks
inability or unwillingness to originate credit products on our behalf or in partnership with us. For instance, in February 2006 the FDIC effectively asked insured financial institutions not to issue cash advance and installment micro-loans through
third-party servicers. As a result of this request, the issuing bank for which we provided services in four states stopped making new loans. Similarly, two of the banks through which we traditionally have opened accounts currently are not opening
new accounts, principally because of the pendency of the FDIC and FTC investigations and litigation discussed elsewhere, although we expect one or more of these banks to resume opening new accounts once these matters are substantially complete. (A
third bank, CB&T, has not been originating any new accounts on our behalf for over two years, and we have requested that it transfer all existing accounts to another bank. We do not expect CB&T to open any additional accounts.) In addition,
Encore has refused to purchase certain receivables from one of our subsidiaries, claiming that the allegations underlying our disputes with the FTC relieve it from its obligations. In the future, regulators may find other aspects of the products
that we originate or service objectionable, including, for instance, the terms of the credit offerings (particularly for our higher priced lower-tier products), the manner in which we market them or our servicing and collection practices. We are
entirely dependent on our issuing relationships with these institutions, and their regulators could at any time limit their ability to issue some or all products on our behalf, or that we service on their behalf, or to modify those products
significantly. Any significant interruption of those relationships would result in our being unable to originate new receivables and other credit products, which would have a materially adverse impact on our business.
Changes to consumer protection laws or changes in their interpretation may impede collection efforts or otherwise adversely impact our business
practices.
Federal and state consumer protection laws regulate the creation and enforcement of consumer credit card receivables and other loans. Many of these laws (and the related regulations) are focused on sub-prime lenders and are
intended to prohibit or curtail industry-standard practices as well as non-standard practices. For instance, Congress recently enacted legislation that regulates loans to military personnel through imposing interest rate and other limitations and
requiring new disclosures, all as
58
regulated by the Department of Defense. Similarly, legislation currently is pending in Congress that would require changes to a variety of marketing,
billing and collection practices, and the Federal Reserve recently has proposed significant changes to a number of practices. While our practices are in compliance with many of these proposed changes, some (e.g., limitations on the ability to assess
up-front fees) could significantly impact our lower-tier products. Changes in the consumer protection laws could result in the following:
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receivables not originated in compliance with law (or revised interpretations) could become unenforceable and uncollectible under their terms against the obligors;
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we may be required to credit or refund previously collected amounts;
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certain fees could be prohibited or restricted, which would reduce the profitability of certain accounts;
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certain of our collection methods could be prohibited, forcing us to revise our practices or adopt more costly or less effective practices;
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limitations on the content of marketing materials could be imposed that would result in reduced success for our marketing efforts;
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federal and state laws may limit our ability to recover on charged-off receivables regardless of any act or omission on our part;
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reductions in statutory limits for finance charges could require us to reduce our fees and charges;
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some of our products and services could be banned in certain states or at the federal level;
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federal or state bankruptcy or debtor relief laws could offer additional protections to customers seeking bankruptcy protection, providing a court greater leeway to
reduce or discharge amounts owed to us; and
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a reduction in our ability or willingness to lend to certain individuals, such as military personnel.
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Material regulatory developments are likely to impact our business and results from operations and we are unable to predict the nature or magnitude of
that impact.
Changes in bankruptcy laws may have an adverse impact on our performance.
Effective October 17, 2005,
the federal bankruptcy code was amended in several respects. One of the changes made it substantially more difficult for individuals to obtain a complete release from their debts through a bankruptcy filing. As a result, immediately prior to the
effective date of the amendments there was a substantial increase in bankruptcy filings by individuals. While much of the impact of this particular law change appears to have been simply to accelerate the bankruptcy filings by individuals who
otherwise would have filed in due course, and while this particular law may have ongoing future benefits to us through potential reductions in future bankruptcy filings, other future bankruptcy law changes could potentially have a materially adverse
effect on our business.
The Retail Micro-Loans segment of our business operates in an increasingly hostile regulatory
environment.
Most states have specific laws regulating micro-loan activities and practices. (One form of these activities is sometimes referred to as payday lending.) Moreover, during the last few years, legislation has been
adopted in some states that prohibits or severely restricts micro-loan cash advance services. For example, in 2004, a new law became effective in Georgia that effectively prohibits certain micro-loan practices in the state. Several other state
legislatures have introduced bills to restrict or prohibit cash advance micro-loans by limiting the amount of the advance and or reducing the allowable fees. In addition, Mississippi and Arizona have sunset provisions in their laws
permitting micro-loans that require renewal of the laws by the state legislatures at periodic intervals. Ohio currently has legislation pending that would, in effect, severely curtail if not eliminate micro-loans. Although states provide the primary
regulatory framework under which we conduct our micro-loan services, certain federal laws also impact our business. In March 2005 the FDIC issued guidance limiting the frequency of borrower usage of cash advance micro-loans offered by
FDIC-supervised institutions and the period a customer may have cash advance micro-loans outstanding from any lender to three months during the previous twelve-month period. Subsequently, in February 2006, the FDIC effectively asked FDIC-insured
financial institutions to cease cash advance and installment micro-loan activities conducted through a processing and servicing agent such as us. Moreover, future laws or regulations (at the state, federal or local level) prohibiting micro-loan
services or making them unprofitable could be passed at any time or existing micro-loan laws could expire or be amended, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Additionally, state attorneys general, banking regulators and others continue to scrutinize the micro-loan industry and may take actions that could
require us to cease or suspend operations in their respective states. For example, one of our subsidiaries agreed with the Attorney General of the State of North Carolina in March 2006 to stop servicing micro-loans for third-party banks, a practice
that we also terminated in three other affected states based on the February 2006 FDIC action cited above. Also, a group of plaintiffs brought a series of putative class action lawsuits in North Carolina claiming, among other things, that the cash
advance micro-loan activities of the defendants violate numerous North Carolina consumer protection laws. The lawsuits seek various remedies including treble damages. One of these lawsuits is pending against CompuCredit and five of our subsidiaries.
If these cases are determined
59
adversely to us, there could be significant consequences to us, including the payment of monetary damages. In the future, we also might voluntarily (or with
the encouragement of a regulator) withdraw particular products from particular states, which could have a similar effect.
Negative
publicity may impair acceptance of our products.
Critics of sub-prime credit and micro-loan providers have in the past focused on marketing practices that they claim encourage consumers to borrow more money than they should, as well as on
pricing practices that they claim are either confusing or result in prices that are too high. Consumer groups, Internet chat sites and media reports frequently characterize sub-prime lenders as predatory or abusive toward consumers and may misinform
consumers regarding their rights. If these negative characterizations and misinformation become widely accepted by consumers, demand for our products and services could be adversely impacted. Increased criticism of the industry or criticism of us in
the future could hurt customer acceptance of our products or lead to changes in the law or regulatory environment, either of which would significantly harm our business.
We Recently Entered Into and Have Subsequently Expanded Our Automobile Lending Activities, and These Activities Involve Risks in Addition to Those We Historically Have Faced.
In 2005, we acquired Wells Fargo Financials CAR business unit. We are operating these assets in forty-five states through eleven branches, three
regional operating centers and one national collection center based in Lake Mary, Florida under the name CAR Financial Services, Inc. In February 2007, we acquired the business of ACC, also an automobile lender. Automobile lending is a new
business for us, and we expect to expand further in this business over time. As a new business, we may not be able to integrate or manage the business effectively. In addition, automobile lending exposes us not only to most of the risks described
above but also to a range of risks to which we previously have not been exposed, including the regulatory scheme that governs installment loans and those attendant to relying upon automobiles and their liquidation value as collateral. In addition,
the CAR Financial Services business acquires loans on a wholesale basis from used car dealers, for which we will be relying upon the legal compliance and credit determinations by those dealers.
Our automobile lending business is dependent upon referrals from dealers.
Currently we provide automobile loans only to or through new and
used car dealers (including JRAS, our own captive buy-here, pay-here dealer acquired in January 2007). Providers of automobile financing have traditionally competed based on the interest rate charged, the quality of credit accepted and the
flexibility of loan terms offered. In order to be successful, we not only will need to be competitive in these areas, but also will need to establish and maintain good relations with dealers and provide them with a level of service greater than what
they can obtain from our competitors. This is particularly true with our newly acquired ACC business, which stopped originating loans in November 2006 and is in the process of reestablishing its relationships with dealers.
Funding for automobile lending is difficult to obtain and expensive.
In large part due to market concerns regarding sub-prime lending, it
increasingly is difficult to find lenders willing to fund our automobile lending activities. To the extent that our Auto Finance segments renewal or replacement facilities carry higher interest rates and lower advance rates than the funding
that we historically have obtained, our growth rates will be adversely affected, we may be face periods of liquidations in our Auto Finance segment receivables, and our profitability and returns on equity may be reduced.
The financial performance of our automobile loan portfolio is in part dependent upon the liquidation of repossessed automobiles.
Our newly
acquired ACC business regularly repossesses automobiles and sells repossessed automobiles at wholesale auction markets located throughout the U.S. Auction proceeds from these sales and other recoveries rarely are sufficient to cover the outstanding
balances of the contracts; where we experience these shortfalls, we will experience credit losses. Decreased auction proceeds resulting from depressed prices at which used automobiles may be sold in periods of economic slowdown or recession will
result in higher credit losses for us. Furthermore, depressed prices for automobiles also may result from significant liquidations of rental fleet inventories and from increased volumes of trade-ins due to promotional programs offered by new vehicle
manufacturers. Additionally, higher gasoline prices may decrease the auction value of certain types of vehicles, such as SUVs.
Repossession of automobiles entails the risk of litigation and other claims.
Although we contract with reputable repossession firms to repossess automobiles on defaulted loans, it is not uncommon for consumers to assert that
we were not entitled to repossess an automobile or that the repossession was not conducted in accordance with applicable law. These claims increase the cost of our collection efforts and, if correct, can result in awards against us.
We Routinely Explore Various Opportunities to Grow Our Business, to Make Investments and to Purchase and Sell Assets.
We routinely consider acquisitions of, or investments in, portfolios and other businesses as well as the sale of portfolios and portions of our business.
There are a number of risks attendant to any acquisition, including the possibility that we will overvalue the assets to be purchased, that we will not be able to integrate successfully the acquired business or assets and that we will not be able to
produce the expected level of profitability from the acquired business or assets. Similarly, there are a number of risks attendant to sales, including the possibility that we will undervalue the assets to be sold. As a result, the impact of any
acquisition or sale on our future performance may not be as favorable as expected and actually may be adverse.
60
Portfolio purchases may cause fluctuations in reported credit card managed receivables data, which may
reduce the usefulness of historical credit card managed loan data in evaluating our business. Our reported managed credit card receivables data may fluctuate substantially from quarter to quarter as a result of recent and future credit card
portfolio acquisitions. As of June 30, 2008, credit card portfolio acquisitions accounted for 27.4% of our total credit card managed receivables portfolio based on our ownership percentages, and in April 2007 we purchased a portfolio in the
U.K. having a face amount of approximately £490 million ($970 million) as of the date of purchase.
Receivables included in
purchased portfolios are likely to have been originated using credit criteria different from the criteria of issuing bank partners that originate accounts on our behalf. As a result, some of these receivables have a different credit quality than
receivables of accounts originated on our behalf. Receivables included in any particular purchased portfolio may have significantly different delinquency rates and charge off rates than the receivables previously originated and purchased by us.
These receivables also may earn different interest rates and fees as compared to other similar receivables in our receivables portfolio. These variables could cause our reported managed receivables data to fluctuate substantially in future periods
making the evaluation of our business more difficult.
Any acquisition or investment that we make, will involve risks different from and in
addition to the risks to which our business is currently exposed. These include the risks that we will not be able to integrate and operate successfully new businesses, that we will have to incur substantial indebtedness and increase our leverage in
order to pay for the acquisitions, that we will be exposed to, and have to comply with, different regulatory regimes and that we will not be able to apply our traditional analytical framework (which is what we expect to be able to do) in a
successful and value-enhancing manner.
Other Risks of Our Business
Unless we obtain a bank charter, we cannot issue credit cards other than through agreements with banks.
Because we do not have a bank charter, we currently cannot issue credit cards other than through
agreements with banks. Previously we applied for permission to acquire a bank and our application was denied. Unless we obtain a bank or credit card bank charter, we will continue to rely upon banking relationships to provide for the issuance of
credit cards to our customers. Even if we obtain a bank charter, there may be restrictions on the types of credit that it may extend. Our various issuing bank agreements have scheduled expirations dates, the earliest of which is March 31, 2009.
If we are unable to extend or execute new agreements with our issuing banks at the expirations of our current agreements with them, or if our existing or new agreements with our issuing banks were terminated or otherwise disrupted, there is a risk
that we would not be able to enter into agreements with an alternate provider on terms that we consider favorable or in a timely manner without disruption of our business.
Historically, a substantial portion of our receivables have been generated through accounts owned
by CB&T. CB&T has not been originating any new accounts on our behalf for over two years, and we have requested that CB&T transfer all existing accounts to another bank. In addition, CB&T has refused to provide us the portion of the
proceeds that it received in connection with the Visa
®
and MasterCard
®
initial public offerings that are attributable to the
accounts that CB&T originated on our behalf. For a more complete discussion of the litigation pending between CB&T and us, please see Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings.
Two of our other bank partners are subject to actions brought by the FDIC, at least in part as a result of the programs that they operate for our
benefit. For a more complete discussion of these actions, please see Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings.
We are
party to substantial litigation.
As more fully discussed in Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings, we are defendants in a significant number of legal proceedings. This includes litigation brought by the FDIC and FTC, litigation
relating to our relationship with CB&T, arbitration with Encore, securities class action litigation resulting from the decline in our stock price, litigation relating to our payday lending operations and other litigation customary for a business
of our nature. In each case we believe that we have meritorious defenses or that the positions that we are asserting otherwise are correct. However, adverse outcomes are possible in each of these matters, and we could decide to settle one or more of
these matters in order to avoid the cost of litigation or to obtain certainty of outcome. Adverse outcomes or settlements of these matters could require us to pay damages, make restitution, change our business practices or take other actions at a
level, or in a manner, that would adversely impact our business.
We may not be able to purchase charged-off receivables at
sufficiently favorable prices or terms for our debt collection operations to be successful.
The charged-off receivables that are acquired and serviced by Jefferson Capital, our debt collection subsidiary, or sold to third parties pursuant to
forward flow contracts have been deemed uncollectible and written off by the originators. Jefferson Capital seeks to purchase charged-off receivables portfolios only if it expects projected collections or prices received for sales of such
charged-off receivables to exceed its acquisition and servicing costs. Accordingly, factors causing the acquisition price of targeted portfolios to increase could reduce the ratio of collections (or sales prices received) to acquisitions costs for a
given portfolio, and thereby negatively affect Jefferson Capitals profitability. The availability of charged-off receivables portfolios at favorable prices and on favorable terms depends on a number of factors, including the continuation of
the current growth
61
and charge off trends in consumer receivables, our ability to develop and maintain long-term relationships with key charged-off receivable sellers, our
ability to obtain adequate data to appropriately evaluate the collectibility of portfolios and competitive factors affecting potential purchasers and sellers of charged-off receivables, including pricing pressures, which may increase the cost to us
of acquiring portfolios of charged-off receivables and reduce our return on such portfolios.
Additionally, sellers of charged-off
receivables generally make numerous attempts to recover on their non-performing receivables, often using a combination of their in-house collection and legal departments as well as third-party collection agencies. Charged-Off receivables are
difficult to collect, and we may not be successful in collecting amounts sufficient to cover the costs associated with purchasing the receivables and funding our Jefferson Capital operations.
The analytical model we use to project credit quality may prove to be inaccurate.
We assess credit quality using an analytical model that
we believe predicts the likelihood of payment more accurately than traditional credit scoring models. For instance, we have identified factors (such as delinquencies, defaults and bankruptcies) that under some circumstances we weight differently
than do other credit providers. We believe our analysis enables us to better identify consumers within the financially underserved market who are likely to be better credit risks than otherwise would be expected. Similarly, we apply our analytical
model to entire portfolios in order to identify those that may be more valuable than the seller or other potential purchasers might recognize. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to achieve the collections forecasted by our
analytical model. If any of our assumptions underlying our model proves materially inaccurate or changes unexpectedly, we may not be able to achieve our expected levels of collection, and our revenues will be reduced, which would result in a
reduction of our earnings.
Because we outsource account-processing functions that are integral to our business, any disruption or
termination of that outsourcing relationship could harm our business.
We outsource account and payment processing, and in 2007, we paid Total System Services, Inc. $50.9 million for these services. If these agreements were not renewed
or were terminated or the services provided to us were otherwise disrupted, we would have to obtain these services from an alternative provider, such as First Data Resources, Inc., which currently provides only limited account and payment processing
for us. There is a risk that we would not be able to enter into a similar agreement with an alternate provider on terms that we consider favorable or in a timely manner without disruption of our business.
If we obtain a bank charter, any changes in applicable state or federal laws could adversely affect our business.
From time-to-time we have
explored the possibility of acquiring a bank or credit card bank. If we obtain a bank or credit card bank charter, we will be subject to the various state and federal regulations generally applicable to similar institutions, including restrictions
on the ability of the banking subsidiary to pay dividends to us. We are unable to predict the effect of any future changes of applicable state and federal laws or regulations, but such changes could adversely affect the banks business and
operations.
If we ever consolidate the entities that hold our receivables, the changes to our financial statements are likely to be
significant.
When we securitize receivables, they are owned by special purpose entities that are not consolidated with us for financial reporting purposes. The rules governing whether these entities are consolidated are complex and evolving
and subject to periodic review. These rules at some point could be changed or interpreted in a manner that requires us to consolidate these entities. In addition, we might at some point modify how we securitize receivables, or propose modifications
to existing securitization facilities, such that the consolidation of these entities could be required. If this occurred, we would include the receivables as assets on our balance sheet and also would include a loan loss reserve. Similarly, we no
longer would include the corresponding retained interests as assets. There also would be significant changes to our statements of operations and cash flows. The net effect of consolidation would be dependent upon the amount and nature of the
receivables at the time they were consolidated, and although it is difficult to predict the net effect of consolidation, it is likely to be material.
Internet security breaches could damage our reputation and business.
As part of our growth strategy, we may expand our origination of credit card accounts over the Internet. The secure transmission of
confidential information over the Internet is essential to maintaining consumer confidence in our products and services offered online. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries or other developments could result in a compromise or breach
of the technology used by us to protect customer application and transaction data transmitted over the Internet. Security breaches could damage our reputation and expose us to a risk of loss or litigation. Moreover, consumers generally are concerned
with security and privacy on the Internet, and any publicized security problems could inhibit the growth of the Internet as a means of conducting commercial transactions. Our ability to solicit new account holders over the Internet would be severely
impeded if consumers become unwilling to transmit confidential information online.
Investments that we make in the securities of
others may be more risky and volatile than similar assets owned by us.
From time-to-time we have purchased debt and securities of others, principally those issued by asset-backed securitization trusts (e.g., notes secured or
backed by pools of assets). These securities in many cases are junior, including below investment grade, tranches of securities issued by the trusts. The assets underlying these securities are not originated by us and,
accordingly, may not meet the underwriting standards that we follow in originating receivables. Further, we do not have direct control over the management of the underlying assets and, similarly, they may not be managed as effectively as we
would manage similar assets. As a result, the securities in which we invest may carry higher risks, including risks of higher delinquencies and charge offs, risks of covenant violations and
62
risks of value impairment due to the claims of more senior securities issued by the trusts, than similar assets originated and owned by us. These higher
risks can cause much greater valuation volatility for these securities than we typically have experienced and would expect to experience on our holdings of securities underlying the trusts that we service. And although these securities generally are
traded in an active secondary market, valuation volatility also can be expected to result from liquidity needs that we might have in the future, including any need that we may have for quick liquidity or to meet margin requirements related to our
investments in these securities should their prices decline. In turn, this could result in steep and immediate impairments in the values of the securities as presented within our financial statements and could cause our financial position and
results of operations to deteriorate, possibly materially. Most recently, we have made these investments through a subsidiary that was advised by United Capital Asset Management LLC. These investments experienced realized losses (net of interest
income) of $41.4 million and unrealized losses of $20.1 million during 2007 and experienced realized losses (net of interest income) of $0.5 million and unrealized losses of $2.6 million during the first quarter of 2008. These losses were the result
of what we believe to be a significant dislocation in the market for mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities caused, in part, by leverage and liquidity constraints facing many market participants. Subsequent to the end of our second
quarter of 2008, we liquidated our remaining investments in third-party asset-backed securities in response to margin calls; as such, we will not have any continuing interest income associated with these investments.
Risks Relating to an Investment in Our Common Stock
The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, and this may make it difficult for you to resell your shares of our common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.
The price of our common stock on
the NASDAQ Global Market constantly changes. We expect that the market price of our common stock will continue to fluctuate. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control.
These factors include the following:
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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;
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changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors;
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the operating and stock performance of our competitors and other sub-prime lenders;
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the overall financing environment, which investors may find critical to our value;
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announcements by us or our competitors of new products or services or significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital
commitments;
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changes in interest rates;
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the announcement of enforcement actions or investigations against us or our competitors or other negative publicity relating to us or our industry;
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changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), laws, regulations or the interpretations thereof that affect
our various business activities and segments;
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general domestic or international economic, market and political conditions;
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additions or departures of key personnel; and
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future sales of our common stock and the share lending agreement.
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In addition, the stock markets from time to time experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies. These broad fluctuations may
adversely affect the trading price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.
Future sales of our common
stock or equity-related securities in the public market, including sales of our common stock pursuant to share lending agreements or short sales transactions by purchasers of convertible notes securities, could adversely affect the trading price of
our common stock and our ability to raise funds in new stock offerings.
Sales of significant amounts of our common stock or equity-related securities in the public market, including sales pursuant to share lending agreements, or the
perception that such sales will occur, could adversely affect prevailing trading prices of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or equity-related securities. No prediction can be made as
to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares of common stock or the availability of shares of common stock for future sale, including sales of our common stock in short sales transactions by purchasers of our convertible notes, will have on
the trading price of our common stock.
We have the ability to issue preferred shares, warrants, convertible debt and other
securities without shareholder approval.
Our common shares may be subordinate to classes of preferred shares issued in the future in the payment of dividends and other distributions made with respect to common shares, including
distributions upon liquidation or dissolution. Our articles of incorporation permit our board of directors to issue preferred shares without first obtaining shareholder approval. If we issued preferred shares, these additional securities may have
dividend or liquidation preferences senior to the common shares. If we issue convertible preferred shares, a subsequent conversion may dilute the current common shareholders interest. We have similar abilities to issue convertible debt,
warrants and other equity securities.
63
Our executive officers, directors and parties related to them, in the aggregate, control a majority
of our voting stock and may have the ability to control matters requiring shareholder approval.
Our executive officers, directors and parties related to them own a large enough stake in us to have an influence on, if not control of, the
matters presented to shareholders. As a result, these shareholders may have the ability to control matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election and removal of directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions, such as
any reclassification, reorganization, merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and the control of our management and affairs. Accordingly, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a change of control of us, impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn
could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
Note Regarding Risk Factors
The risk factors presented above are all of the ones that we currently consider material. However, they are not the only ones facing our company. Additional risks not
presently known to us, or which we currently consider immaterial, may also adversely affect us. There may be risks that a particular investor views differently from us, and our analysis might be wrong. If any of the risks that we face actually
occur, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected and could differ materially from any possible results suggested by any forward-looking statements that we have made or might make. In such case,
the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events
or otherwise, except as required by law.
64
ITEM 2.
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UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
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None.
ITEM 3.
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DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
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None.
ITEM 4.
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SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
|
We held our annual shareholders meeting on May 8, 2008. Proxies for the meeting were solicited pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and there was no solicitation in opposition to the boards
solicitation. The matters were submitted to a vote and the results thereof are set forth below.
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(1)
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Proposal to elect nine directors to hold office for a term of one year and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified.
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Nominee
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For
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Withheld
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David G. Hanna
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40,829,018
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471,052
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Richard W. Gilbert
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40,816,463
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483,607
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Richard R. House, Jr.
|
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40,815,837
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484,233
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Gregory J. Corona
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41,084,617
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215,453
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Frank J. Hanna, III
|
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40,793,926
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506,144
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Deal W. Hudson
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41,118,717
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181,353
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Mack F. Mattingly
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41,115,396
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184,675
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Nicholas B. Paumgarten
|
|
41,115,117
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184,953
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Thomas G. Rosencrants
|
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41,085,319
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214,751
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(2)
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Proposal to approve the CompuCredit Corporation 2008 Equity Incentive Plan
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|
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For
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|
Against
|
|
Abstained
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Broker
Non-Votes
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33,325,861
|
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198,063
|
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5,366
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7,770,781
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(3)
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Proposal to approve the CompuCredit Corporation Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan
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For
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Against
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|
Abstained
|
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Broker
Non-Votes
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33,418,713
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33,418,713
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4,790
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7,770,780
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ITEM 5.
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OTHER INFORMATION
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None.
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Exhibit
Number
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Description of Exhibit
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Incorporated by
Reference from CompuCredits SEC
Filings Unless Otherwise Indicated:
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10.1
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CompuCredit Corporation 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to our Proxy Statement filed on April 16, 2008)
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May 13, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.1
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10.1 (a)
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Letter Agreement, dated April 9, 2008, between CompuCredit Corporation and Krishnakumar Srinivasan
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April 15, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.1
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10.2
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Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Directors
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May 13, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.2
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10.2 (a)
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Employment Agreement, dated January 3, 2007, between CompuCredit Corporation and Krishnakumar Srinivasan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on
January 9, 2007)
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April 15, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.2
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65
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Exhibit
Number
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Description of Exhibit
|
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Incorporated by
Reference from CompuCredits SEC
Filings Unless Otherwise Indicated:
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10.3
|
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Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Employees
|
|
May 13, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.3
|
|
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10.4
|
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Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement for Directors
|
|
May 13, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.4
|
|
|
|
10.5
|
|
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement for Employees
|
|
May 13, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.5
|
|
|
|
10.6
|
|
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Directors
|
|
May 13, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.6
|
|
|
|
10.7
|
|
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Employees
|
|
May 13, 2008, Form 8-K, exhibit 10.7
|
|
|
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31.1
|
|
Certification per Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for David G. Hanna
|
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Filed herewith
|
|
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31.2
|
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Certification per Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for J.Paul Whitehead, III
|
|
Filed herewith
|
|
|
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32.1
|
|
Certification per Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for David G. Hanna and J.Paul Whitehead, III
|
|
Filed herewith
|
66
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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COMPUCREDIT CORPORATION
|
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August 5, 2008
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By
|
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/s/ J. PAUL WHITEHEAD, III
|
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J. Paul Whitehead, III
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|
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Chief Financial Officer
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(duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)
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