As filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 8, 2020
Registration No. 333-238172
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT OF 1933
AIKIDO PHARMA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in
its charter)
Delaware
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52-0849320
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(State or other jurisdiction of
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(I.R.S. Employer
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incorporation or organization)
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Identification Number)
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One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th
Floor
New York, NY 10020
(703)
992-9325
(Address, including
zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Anthony Hayes
Chief Executive Officer
AIkido Pharma Inc.
One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th Floor
New York, NY 10020
Phone: (703) 992-9325
(Name, address, including zip code,
and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Please send a copy of all communications
to:
Robert F. Charron, Esq.
Sarah E. Williams, Esq.
Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10105-0302
(212) 370-1300
Approximate date of commencement proposed
sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If
the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please
check the following box. ☐
If
any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under
the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check
the following box. ☒
If
this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. ☐
If
this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list
the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If
this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become
effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If
this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register
additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following
box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting
company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer ☐
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Accelerated filer ☐
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Non-accelerated filer ☒
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Smaller reporting company ☒
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Emerging growth company ☐
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If an emerging growth company, indicate
by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title
of Each Class of Securities to be Registered (1)
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Amount
to be
Registered
(2) (3)
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Proposed
Maximum Aggregate
Offering Price per Security
(2) (3)
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Proposed
Maximum Aggregate
Offering
Price
(2) (3)
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Amount
of
Registration Fee
(4)
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Common Stock, par value $.0001
per share
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—
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—
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—
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—
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Preferred Stock, par
value $.0001 per share
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—
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—
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—
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—
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Purchase
Contracts (5)
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—
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—
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—
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—
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Warrants
to Purchase common stock, Preferred Stock or other Securities (6)
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—
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—
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—
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—
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Subscription
Rights to Purchase common stock or Preferred Stock
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Depositary Shares
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Debt
Securities (which may be senior or subordinated, convertible or non-convertible, secured or unsecured)
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Units
(7)
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—
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—
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—
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—
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TOTAL
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---
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—
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$
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100,000,000
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$
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12,980
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(8)
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(1)
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Securities registered hereunder may be sold separately, together or as units with other securities registered hereunder.
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(2)
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Not specified as to each class of securities to be registered pursuant to Form S-3 General Instruction II.D.
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(3)
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The Registrant is registering an indeterminate aggregate principal amount and number of securities of each identified class of securities up to a proposed aggregate offering price of $100,000,000, which may be offered from time to time in unspecified numbers and at indeterminate prices, and as may be issuable upon conversion, redemption, repurchase, exchange, or exercise of any securities registered hereunder, including under any applicable anti-dilution provisions. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
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(4)
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The registration fee is calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
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(5)
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Includes purchase contracts issuable upon conversion or exchange of securities registered hereunder to the extent any such securities are by their terms convertible into or exchangeable for purchase contracts. Each purchase contract obligates the registrant to sell, and the holder thereof to purchase, an indeterminate number of debt securities, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock or other securities registered hereunder.
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(6)
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Warrants may represent rights to purchase debt securities, common stock, preferred stock or other securities registered hereunder.
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(7)
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Each Unit consists of any combination of two or more of the securities being registered hereby.
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The Registrant hereby
amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall
file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance
with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as
the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information
in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell the securities until the Registration Statement filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission, of which this prospectus is a part, is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell
these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT
TO COMPLETION, DATED JUNE 8, 2020
Prospectus
$100,000,000
COMMON STOCK
PREFERRED STOCK
PURCHASE CONTRACTS
WARRANTS
SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS
DEPOSITORY SHARES
DEBT SECURITIES
UNITS
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warrants to purchase our securities;
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subscription rights to purchase any of the foregoing securities;
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secured or unsecured debt securities consisting of notes, debentures
or other evidences of indebtedness which may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt
securities, each of which may be convertible into equity securities; or
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units comprised of, or other combinations of, the foregoing securities.
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We may offer and sell
these securities separately or together, in one or more series or classes and in amounts, at prices and on terms described in one
or more offerings. We may offer securities through underwriting syndicates managed or co-managed by one or more underwriters
or dealers, through agents or directly to purchasers. The prospectus supplement for each offering of securities will describe
in detail the plan of distribution for that offering. For general information about the distribution of securities offered,
please see “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus.
Each time our securities
are offered, we will provide a prospectus supplement containing more specific information about the particular offering and attach
it to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. This
prospectus may not be used to offer or sell securities without a prospectus supplement which includes a description of the method
and terms of this offering.
Our common stock
is quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”. The last reported sale price of our common stock on
The Nasdaq Capital Market on June 5, 2020 was $0.73 per share. The aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held
by non-affiliates is $25.5 million based on 34,920,219 shares of outstanding common stock, of which 34,891,230 shares are
held by non-affiliates, and a per share price of $0.73 which was the closing sale price of our common stock as quoted on The Nasdaq
Capital Market on June 5, 2020.
If we decide to seek
a listing of any preferred stock, purchase contracts, warrants, subscriptions rights, depository shares, debt securities or units
offered by this prospectus, the related prospectus supplement will disclose the exchange or market on which the securities will
be listed, if any, or where we have made an application for listing, if any.
Investing in
our securities involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 and the risk factors in our most recent
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference herein, as well as in any other recently filed annual, quarterly
or current reports and, if any, in the relevant prospectus supplement. We urge you to carefully read this prospectus and
the accompanying prospectus supplement, together with the documents we incorporate by reference, describing the terms of these
securities before investing.
Neither the Securities
and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the
adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this Prospectus is June
8, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is
part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing
a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell, either individually or
in combination, in one or more offerings, any of the securities described in this prospectus, for total gross proceeds of up to
$100,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities
under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement to this prospectus that will contain more specific information about
the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain
material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may
authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents
that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
We urge you to read
carefully this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in
connection with a specific offering, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading
“Incorporation of Documents by Reference,” before investing in any of the securities being offered. You should rely
only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement,
along with the information contained in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific
offering. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. This prospectus is an offer to
sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so.
The
information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate
only as of the date on the front of the document and any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the
date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus
supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security.
This
prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made
to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents.
Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits
to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below
under the section entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
This prospectus contains,
or incorporates by reference, trademarks, tradenames, service marks and service names of AIkido Pharma Inc.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING
STATEMENTS
This prospectus and
any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein may contain forward looking statements
that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this prospectus
and any accompanying prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein, including statements regarding future
events, our future financial performance, business strategy, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are
forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,”
“believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,”
“intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should,”
or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward looking statements
unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. These statements are only predictions
and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors”
or elsewhere in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, which may cause our or our industry’s
actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Moreover,
we operate in a highly regulated, very competitive, and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it
is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent
to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking
statements.
We have based these
forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we
believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short term and long term business operations,
and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual
results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to
such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this prospectus, and in particular, the risks discussed below
and under the heading “Risk Factors” and those discussed in other documents we file with the SEC. The following discussion
should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
and notes incorporated by reference herein. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision
to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking
events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from
those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statement.
You
should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, each of which applies only as of the date of this prospectus.
Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after
the date of this prospectus to conform our statements to actual results or changed expectations.
Any
forward-looking statement you read in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference reflects
our current views with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating
to our operations, operating results, growth strategy and liquidity. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking
statements because such statements speak only as to the date when made. We assume no obligation to publicly update or revise these
forward-looking statements for any reason, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated
in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future, except as otherwise required by applicable
law. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our reports on Forms 10-Q, 8-K
and 10-K filed with the SEC. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors. Consequently,
you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights
selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all the information that
you should consider before investing in our Company. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including all
documents incorporated by reference herein. In particular, attention should be directed to our “Risk Factors”, “Information
With Respect to the Company”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” and the financial statements and related notes thereto contained herein or otherwise incorporated by reference
hereto, before making an investment decision.
As used herein, and
any amendment or supplement hereto, unless otherwise indicated, “we,” “us,” “our,” the
“Company,” “AIKI” or similar terminology means AIkido Pharma Inc.
Business Overview
AIkido Pharma Inc.,
formerly known as Spherix Incorporated, was initially formed in 1967 and is currently a biotechnology company with a diverse portfolio
of small-molecule anti-cancer therapeutics in development. The Company’s platform consists of patented technology from leading
universities and researchers and we are currently in the process of developing an innovative therapeutic drug platform through
strong partnerships with world renowned educational institutions, including The University of Texas at Austin, the University of
Maryland, Baltimore and Wake Forest University. Our diverse pipeline of therapeutics includes therapies for pancreatic cancer,
acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Company is also developing a broad spectrum antiviral
platform that may potentially inhibit replication of multiple viruses including Influenza virus, SARS-CoV (coronavirus), MERS-CoV,
Ebolavirus and Marburg virus.
The Company previously
focused its efforts on owning, developing, acquiring and monetizing intellectual property assets. Since May 2016, the Company has
received limited funds from its intellectual property monetization. In addition to its patent monetization efforts, since the fourth
quarter of 2017, the Company has been transitioning to focus its efforts as a technology and biotechnology development company.
These efforts have focused on biotechnology research and blockchain technology research. The Company’s biotechnology research
development includes: (i) an investment in Hoth Therapeutics Inc. (“Hoth”), a development stage biopharmaceutical company
focused on unique targeted therapeutics for patients suffering from indications such as atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema,
(ii) an investment in DatChat, Inc. (“DatChat”), a privately held personal privacy platform focused on encrypted communication,
internet security and digital rights management, and (iii) the acquisition of assets of CBM BioPharma, Inc. (“CBM”),
a pharmaceutical company focusing on the development of cancer treatments.
As a result of the Company’s biotechnology research development
and associated investments and acquisitions, our business portfolio now focuses on the treatment of three different cancers, including
pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our AML and ALL compounds, developed at
the Wake Forest University, are targeted therapeutics designed to overcome multiple resistance mechanisms observed with the current
standard of care. DHA-dFdC, our pancreatic drug candidate developed at the University of Texas at Austin, is a new compound that
we hope will become the next generation of chemotherapy treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. DHA-dFdC overcomes tumor cell
resistance to current chemotherapeutic drugs and is well tolerated in preclinical toxicity tests. Preclinical studies have also
indicated that DHA-dFdC inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth (up to 100,000-fold more potent that gemcitabine, a current standard
therapy), targets pancreatic tumors and has demonstrated activities against other cancers, including leukemia, lung and melanoma.
In addition, we are constantly seeking to grow our pipe to treat unmet medical needs in oncology.
In addition, the Company owns an exclusive world-wide license
to patented technology from the University of Maryland Baltimore (“UMB”). Our license is for a broad spectrum antiviral
drug platform. The licensed technology is a broadly acting pan-viral inhibitory compound targeting multiple viral pathogens. The
technology works to inhibit replication of multiple viruses including Influenza virus, SARS-CoV (coronavirus), MERS-CoV, Ebolavirus
and Marburg virus. The technology is covered by two patent applications already on file with the United States Patent and Trademark
Office. The UMB inventors are Drs. Matthew Frieman, Alexander MacKerell and Stuart Watson. The Company has also executed a Sponsored
Research Agreement with UMB to support the development of the technology.
Our Products and Services
The acquisition of the
CBM assets has transformed the Company into an innovative pharmaceutical company dedicated to translating fundamental biological
insights into new drugs and treatments that address unmet medical needs. Our drug platform focuses on the treatment of three cancers,
including pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Our Drug Platform
DHA-dFdC 4-(N)-Docosahexaenoyl 2´, 2´-Difluorodeoxycytidine,
referred to as DHA-dFdC, is patented technology licensed to the Company from the University of Texas at Austin. DHA-dFdC is a new
compound poised to become the next generation of second-line chemotherapy treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. DHA-dFdC overcomes
tumor cell resistance to current chemotherapeutic drugs and is well tolerated in preclinical toxicity tests. Preclinical studies
have also indicated that DHA-dFdC inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth (up to 100,000-fold more potent that gemcitabine, a current
standard therapy (for example, the IC50 value of DHA-dFdC is more than 100,000-fold smaller than gemcitabine), targets pancreatic
tumors and has demonstrated activities against other cancer cell lines, including leukemia, lung and melanoma. Our AML and ALL
compounds, developed at the Wake Forest University and called KPC34, are next generation targeted therapeutics designed to overcome
multiple resistance mechanisms observed with the current standard of care. Combined, the Company’s drug platform offers a
robust drug pipeline focused on the development and commercialization of drugs to treat unmet medical needs in oncology. In addition,
we are constantly seeking to grow our pipeline to treat unmet medical needs in oncology.
Background*
Pancreatic cancer is
the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, surpassing breast cancer. It is expected to become the 2nd
leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States by the year 2020, surpassing colorectal cancer. In fact, pancreatic
cancer has the highest mortality rate of all major cancers. Approximately 91% of pancreatic cancer patients will die within five
years of diagnosis, only 8% will survive more than five years and 74% of patients die within the first year of diagnosis.
Pancreatic cancer is
one of the few cancers for which survival has not improved substantially over nearly 40 years. Treatment options for pancreatic
cancer include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, which extend survival or relieve symptoms, but seldom produce a cure.
Surgical removal of the tumor is possible in less than 20% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer because detection is often
in late stages and has spread beyond the pancreas. The current state of the art chemotherapy treatment is gemcitabine, Folfirinox
cocktail or gemcitabine in combination with Abraxane.
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*
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Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research
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The University of Texas
at Austin has identified a new drug, DHA-dFdC, that has shown positive results in preclinical studies, inhibiting pancreatic tumor
growth in clinically relevant transgenic mouse models. In preclinical studies, DHA-dFdC has:
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inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth
(up to 100,000-fold more potent that gemcitabine, a current standard therapy);
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targets pancreatic tumors;
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has overcome tumor cell resistance to
current chemotherapeutic drugs;
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is well tolerated in preclinical toxicity
test;
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has demonstrated activities against other
cancers (e.g. leukemia, lung, melanoma); and
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may stimulate immunogenic cell death to
activate host antitumor immunity.
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Gem-DHA Technology Summary
Gem-DHA is a conjugate
molecule containing gemcitabine linked to a fatty acid called docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
The structure is:
The DHA structure is
illustrated above the dashed line in the graphic above and the gemcitabine structure is illustrated below the dashed line. The
DHA patent states that Gem-DHA was more effective than gemcitabine alone in killing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in a certain
mouse model. The patent also states that conjugation of gemcitabine with fatty acids other than DHA did not increase effectiveness
over gemcitabine.
Gem-DHA Published Data
The science behind Gem-DHA
has been published in the following peer-reviewed scientific journals:
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Naguib et al. (2016) Synthesis,
characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2 ́, 2 ́- difluorodeoxycytidine with
potent and broad-spectrum antitumor activity, NeoPlasia 18: 33-48.
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Valdes et al. (2017) Preclinical evaluation of the short-term
toxicity of 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2 ́, 2 ́- difluorodeoxycytidine (DHA-dFdC), Pharm. Res. 34: 1224-1232.
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Valdes et al. (2019) A solid lipid nanoparticle formulation
of 4-(N)-docosahexaenoyl 2 ́, 2 ́- difluorodeoxycytidine with increased solubility, stability, and antitumor activity,
Int. J. Pharm. 570:118609
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The portions of the
published data state the following:
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The drug unexpectedly concentrates itself
in the pancreas relative to other organs.
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It significantly increases the lifespan
of mice with pancreatic cancer in either mice predisposed to develop the cancer, or into which human pancreatic cancer has been
injected.
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It significantly decreases the growth
of pancreatic tumors in mice, better than gemcitabine, the current standard of care.
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An oral formulation using lipid nanoparticles
is highly effective and stable and has outstanding bioavailability.
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Gem-DHA Patent Coverage
Gem-DHA has one issued patent on the drug
itself and one application on the oral formulation, as listed in the following table:
Number
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Priority
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Expiration
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Title
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App. Serial No. 16/576,127, filed 9/19/2019
as continuation of App. Serial No. 15/115,393, filed 1/29/2015
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1/29/2014
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N/A
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Nucleobase Analogue Derivatives and Their Applications
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U.S. Patent No. 10,463,684, issued 11/5/2019
from App. Serial No. 15/115,393, filed 1/29/2015
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1/29/2014
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10/7/2035
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Nucleobase Analogue Derivatives and Their Applications
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Provisional App. Serial No. 62/858,114, filed
6/6/2019
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6/6/2019
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N/A
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Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Pharmaceutical
and/or Nutraceutical agents and methods thereof
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All of this technology has been exclusively
licensed to the Company for commercial development.
AML
& ALL Cancer
Our AML and ALL compounds,
developed at the Wake Forest University and called KPC34, are next generation targeted therapeutics designed to overcome multiple
resistance mechanisms observed with the current standard of care.
Background
Approximately
70% of all AML patients are over the age of 60 and only 6.6% of patients are still alive 5 years after diagnosis. Gemcitabine and
Cytarabine are the backbone of AML and ALL therapy, but life expectancy is poor and relapses are much harder to treat.
Cytarabine
(Ara-C) has been a major drug for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment for more than three decades, but KPC34 has shown superior
results when tested against Cytarabine.
KPC34 Technology Summary
KPC34, a conjugate molecule made of a gemcitabine
molecule linked to a phospholipid, has the following structure:
Picture in the illustration
above, to the left of the dashed line is the phospholipid portion and to the right of the dashed line is gemcitabine.
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy
drug used to treat a wide array of cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small
cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and bladder cancer. The drug interferes with DNA and its function of the phospholipid
to which the gemcitabine is linked in KPC34, is to inhibit protein kinase C-type enzymes, which are involved in multiple signaling
pathways in leukemia.
The strategy behind
targeting both DNA synthesis and protein kinase C with one molecule is to double-target different mechanisms of action in leukemia
cells and greatly reduce the possibility of development of resistance to the drug.
KPC34 is intended to
treat the relatively small population of patients with AML and acute ALL. In 2019, an estimated
21,450 people of all ages (11,650 men and boys and 9,800 women and girls) in the United States will be diagnosed with AML. AML
is the second most common type of leukemia diagnosed in adults and children, but most cases occur in adults. AML makes up 32% of
all adult leukemia cases (source: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/leukemia-acute-myeloid-aml/statistics). In 2019, an
estimated 5,930 people of all ages (3,280 men and boys and 2,650 women and girls) in the United States were diagnosed with ALL
(source: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/leukemia-acute-lymphocytic-all/statistics).
The drug is intended
for oral application, unlike standard chemotherapy drugs, which are given by injection.
Because of the low patient
population, and the imminent expiration of the patent, FDA orphan drug status will be sought, which provides expedited review and
seven years of exclusivity from approval of the new drug application.
Preliminary data from
preclinical studies at Wake Forest on the drug includes the following results:
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kills leukemia cells in vitro;
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inhibits protein kinase C in biochemical assays;
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targets central nervous system leukemia;
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targets AML exhibiting phosphorylated protein kinase C;
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Wake Forest claims KPC34 targeted gemcitabine alone or cytarabine
(another chemo drug) alone; and
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KPC34 also appears to overcome resistance to gemcitabine; it is effective
against gemcitabine-resistant cancer.
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The technology licensed
is much broader than KPC34 represents, and includes both anticancer and antiviral conjugates, and could include a much broader
range of indications, but we have no such drug candidates in development other than KPC34.
KPC34 Patent Coverage
The KPC34 license includes
five issued patents, but only one of them covers KPC34. The patent is US7309696, entitled “Compositions
and methods for targeting cancer cells.” It expires on August 11, 2021. All five of the licensed patents will expire by late
2022.
Licenses
On April 12, 2018, CBM
entered into a patent license agreement (the “UT Agreement”) with the University of Texas at Austin on behalf of the
Board of Regents of the University of Texas System. The UT Agreement granted to CBM an exclusive, royalty-bearing license to certain
patent applications related to nucleobase analogue derivatives and their applications, and specifically to the DHA-dFdC drug candidate.
On November 13, 2019, the University of Texas at Austin, the Company and CBM entered into an assignment of agreement, whereby CBM
assigned all of its rights, title and interest to, and obligations under the UT Agreement to the Company.
On April 17, 2018, CBM
entered into a license agreement (the “WF Agreement”) with Wake Forest University Health Sciences (“WF”).
The WF Agreement granted to CBM an exclusive, royalty-bearing license to WF’s and The University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill’s patents relating to the KPC34 drug candidate. On November 13, 2019, WF, the Company and CBM entered into an assignment
of agreement, whereby CBM assigned all of its rights, title and interest to, and obligations under the WF Agreement to the Company.
On April 13, 2020,
the Company executed a Master License Agreement (the “UMB License Agreement”) with UMB, pursuant to which UMB agreed
to license inventions collectively known as “Broad Spectrum Antiviral Compounds Which Target the SKI Complex” (the
“Inventions”) to the Company. The Inventions, which are covered by two patent applications on file with the United
States Patent and Trademark Office, are currently in the pre-clinical stage and seek to inhibit replication of multiple viruses,
including the Influenza virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebolavirus and Marburg virus. In addition, the Company entered into a Sponsored
Research Agreement with UMB to support the development of various technologies.
Pursuant to the
UMB License Agreement, UMB grants to the Company the
ability to utilize the licensed products (“Licensed Products”) and patents associated with the Inventions, subject
to certain limitations described in the UMB License Agreement. All improvements to the Inventions are solely owned by the party
improving the Inventions, unless jointly made, in which case both parties jointly own the improvements; however, the Company grants
to UMB the royalty-free license to practice the Company’s improvements. The Company has agreed to deliver to UMB a commercialization
plan setting forth the Company’s plan for research and development required to develop the Licensed Products and the Company’s
overall commercialization strategy by December 31, 2022.
The Company is
required to pay UMB a license fee of $100,000, an annual license maintenance fee of $25,000 on the fourth anniversary of the UMB
License Agreement, certain milestone payments as described in the UMB License Agreement, a royalty on sales of Licensed Products
until certain threshold levels are reached and a percentage of income received from any sublicensing income.
The UMB License
Agreement, which continues on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product and country-by-country basis, will terminate upon the later
of (i) the date of expiration of the last to expire claim of patent rights covering the Licensed Products, (ii) the expiration
of data protection, new chemical entity, orphan drug exclusivity, regulatory exclusivity or other legally enforceable market exclusivity,
or (iii) ten years after the first commercial sale of a Licensed Product. If none of the previously listed items occur, the UMB
License Agreement will expire twenty years after the date of the UMB License Agreement. However, the parties may terminate the
UMB License Agreement under certain conditions described in the UMB License Agreement, including but not limited to, missed payments
and failure to achieve required milestones. The UMB License Agreement also contains various non-compete, non-solicitation and
indemnification provisions as well as representations and warranties made by each party.
Commercialization
Our business success
with our drug portfolio depends not only on the successful development and approval of the products but also on the commercialization.
At present, our plan anticipates us making the investments necessary to build an in-house marketing and sales capability for the
U.S. market for our drug pipeline, or to partner with a larger drug development company to commercialize our drugs as they move
through the FDA approval process. As our drug compounds make their way through clinical development in the U.S., we intend to approach
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies outside the U.S. to negotiate and enter into strategic partnerships that will enable
development and commercialization of our platform outside the U.S., where we believe the market opportunity is larger than that
of the U.S. albeit far more complex to reach. We have no operations outside the U.S., nor are we planning to have any non-U.S.
operations.
Manufacturing and Supply
We do not have any manufacturing
capabilities and therefore we will have to engage a third party to assist in manufacturing. Such manufacturing will need to be
done in accordance with good manufacturing practice requirements (“cGMP”) regulations, to formulate and manufacture
our product candidates. A list of third party manufacturers is currently being developed.
Government Regulation
Governmental authorities
in the U.S. and other countries extensively regulate the research, development, testing, manufacture, labeling, promotion, advertising,
distribution and marketing of pharmaceutical products such as those being developed by us. In the U.S., the FDA regulates such
products under the FDCA and implements related regulations. Failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements, both before and
after approval, may subject us to administrative and judicial sanctions, such as a delay in approving or refusal by the FDA to
approve pending applications, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or
distribution, injunctions and/or criminal prosecution.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulation
United States Drug Development
In the United States,
the FDA regulates drugs, medical devices and combinations of drugs and devices, or combination products, under the FDCA and its
implementing regulations. Drugs are also subject to other federal, state and local statutes and regulations. The process of obtaining
regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with appropriate federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations
requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with the applicable U.S. requirements at
any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to administrative
or judicial sanctions. These sanctions could include, among other actions, the FDA’s refusal to approve pending applications,
withdrawal of an approval, a clinical hold, untitled or warning letters, requests for voluntary product recalls or withdrawals
from the market, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution injunctions, fines, refusals of government
contracts, restitution, disgorgement, or civil or criminal penalties. Any agency or judicial enforcement action could have a material
adverse effect on us.
The process required
by the FDA before a drug may be marketed in the United States generally involves the following:
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completion of extensive pre-clinical laboratory
tests, animal studies and formulation studies in accordance with applicable regulations, including the FDA’s Good Laboratory
Practice regulations;
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submission to the FDA of an IND, which
must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;
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performance of adequate and well-controlled
human clinical trials in accordance with an applicable IND and other clinical study related regulations, sometimes referred to
as good clinical practices, or GCPs, to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug for its proposed indication;
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submission to the FDA of an NDA;
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satisfactory completion of an FDA pre-approval inspection
of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the product, or components thereof, are produced to assess compliance with
the FDA’s cGMP requirements;
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potential FDA audit of the clinical trial sites that generated
the data in support of the NDA; and
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FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial
marketing or sale.
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Once a pharmaceutical product candidate is identified for development,
it enters the pre-clinical testing stage. Pre-clinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, toxicity, formulation
and stability, as well as animal studies. An IND sponsor must submit the results of the pre-clinical tests, together with manufacturing
information, analytical data and any available clinical data or literature, to the FDA as part of the IND. The sponsor must also
include a protocol detailing, among other things, the objectives of the initial clinical trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring
safety and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated if the initial clinical trial lends itself to an efficacy evaluation. Some
pre-clinical testing may continue even after the IND is submitted. The IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt
by the FDA, unless the FDA raises concerns or questions related to a proposed clinical trial and places the trial on a clinical
hold within that 30-day period. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical
trial can begin. Clinical holds also may be imposed by the FDA at any time before or during clinical trials due to safety concerns
or non-compliance, and may be imposed on all drug products within a certain class of drugs. The FDA also can impose partial clinical
holds, for example, prohibiting the initiation of clinical trials of a certain duration or for a certain dose.
All clinical trials
must be conducted under the supervision of one or more qualified investigators in accordance with GCP regulations. These regulations
include the requirement that all research subjects provide informed consent in writing before their participation in any clinical
trial. Further, an IRB must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at any institution, and the
IRB must conduct continuing review and reapprove the study at least annually. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the
risks to individuals participating in the clinical trial are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits.
The IRB also approves the information regarding the clinical trial and the consent form that must be provided to each clinical
trial subject or his or her legal representative and must monitor the clinical trial until completed.
Each new clinical protocol
and any amendments to the protocol must be submitted for FDA review, and to the IRBs for approval. Protocols detail, among other
things, the objectives of the clinical trial, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to
be used to monitor subject safety.
Human clinical trials
are typically conducted in three sequential phases that may overlap or be combined:
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Phase 1. The product is initially introduced
into a small number of healthy human subjects or patients and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution
and excretion and, if possible, to gain early evidence on effectiveness. In the case of some products for severe or life-threatening
diseases, especially when the product is suspected or known to be unavoidably toxic, the initial human testing may be conducted
in patients.
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Phase 2. Involves clinical trials in a
limited patient population to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks, to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the
product for specific targeted diseases and to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage and schedule.
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Phase 3. Clinical trials are undertaken
to further evaluate dosage, clinical efficacy and safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersed clinical
trial sites. These clinical trials are intended to establish the overall risk/benefit relationship of the product and provide an
adequate basis for product labeling.
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Post-approval
trials, sometimes referred to as Phase 4 clinical trials, may be conducted after initial marketing approval. These studies are
used to gain additional experience from the treatment of patients in the intended therapeutic indication. In certain instances,
the FDA may mandate the performance of Phase 4 trials. Companies that conduct certain clinical trials also are required to register
them and post the results of completed clinical trials on a government-sponsored database, such as ClinicalTrials.gov in the United
States, within certain timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.
Progress reports detailing
the results of the clinical trials, among other information, must be submitted at least annually to the FDA, and written IND safety
reports must be submitted to the FDA and the investigators for serious and unexpected adverse events, findings from other studies
that suggest a significant risk to humans exposed to the product, findings from animal or in vitro testing that suggest a significant
risk to human subjects, and any clinically important increase in the rate of a serious suspected adverse reaction over that listed
in the protocol or investigator brochure. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials may not be completed successfully within
any specified period, if at all. The FDA or the clinical trial sponsor may suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time on
various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. Similarly,
an IRB can suspend or terminate approval of a clinical trial at its institution if the clinical trial is not being conducted in
accordance with the IRB’s requirements or if the product has been associated with unexpected serious harm to patients. Additionally,
some clinical trials are overseen by an independent group of qualified experts organized by the clinical trial sponsor, known as
a data safety monitoring board or committee. This group provides authorization for whether a trial may move forward at designated
check points based on access to certain data from the study. The clinical trial sponsor may also suspend or terminate a clinical
trial based on evolving business objectives and/or competitive climate.
Concurrent with clinical trials, companies usually complete
additional animal studies and must also develop additional information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the
product and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities in accordance with cGMP requirements. The
manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the product candidate and, among other things,
the manufacturer must develop methods for testing the identity, strength, quality and purity of the final product. Additionally,
appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the product candidate
does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life.
NDA and FDA Review Process
The results of product
development, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, along with descriptions of the manufacturing process, analytical tests conducted
on the drug, proposed labeling and other relevant information, are submitted to the FDA as part of an NDA for a new drug, requesting
approval to market the product. The submission of an NDA is subject to the payment of a substantial user fee, and the sponsor of
an approved NDA is also subject to an annual program user fee; although a waiver of such fee may be obtained under certain limited
circumstances. For example, the agency will waive the application fee for the first human drug application that a small business
or its affiliate submits for review.
The FDA reviews all
NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing and may request additional information rather than accepting an NDA for filing.
The FDA typically makes a decision on accepting an NDA for filing within 60 days of receipt. The decision to accept the NDA for
filing means that the FDA has made a threshold determination that the application is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive
review. Under the goals and policies agreed to by the FDA under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (“PDUFA”), the FDA’s
goal to complete its substantive review of a standard NDA and respond to the applicant is ten months from the receipt of the NDA.
The FDA does not always meet its PDUFA goal dates, and the review process is often significantly extended by FDA requests for additional
information or clarification and may go through multiple review cycles.
After the NDA submission
is accepted for filing, the FDA reviews the NDA to determine, among other things, whether the proposed product is safe and effective
for its intended use, and whether the product is being manufactured in accordance with cGMPs to assure and preserve the product’s
identity, strength, quality and purity. The FDA may refer applications for novel drug products or drug products which present difficult
questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review,
evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound
by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it considers such recommendations carefully when making decisions. The FDA
will likely re-analyze the clinical trial data, which could result in extensive discussions between the FDA and us during the review
process. The review and evaluation of an NDA by the FDA is extensive and time consuming and may take longer than originally planned
to complete, and we may not receive a timely approval, if at all.
Before approving an
NDA, the FDA will conduct a pre-approval inspection of the manufacturing facilities for the new product to determine whether they
comply with cGMPs. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are
in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications.
In addition, before approving an NDA, the FDA may also audit data from clinical trials to ensure compliance with GCP requirements.
After the FDA evaluates the application, manufacturing process and manufacturing facilities, it may issue an approval letter or
a Complete Response Letter. An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information
for specific indications. A Complete Response Letter indicates that the review cycle of the application is complete and the application
will not be approved in its present form. A Complete Response Letter usually describes all the specific deficiencies in the NDA
identified by the FDA. The Complete Response Letter may require additional clinical data and/or an additional pivotal Phase 3 clinical
trial(s), and/or other significant and time-consuming requirements related to clinical trials, nonclinical studies or manufacturing.
If a Complete Response Letter is issued, the applicant may either resubmit the NDA, addressing all the deficiencies identified
in the letter, or withdraw the application. Even if such data and information are submitted, the FDA may ultimately decide that
the NDA does not satisfy the criteria for approval. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive, and the FDA may
interpret data differently than we interpret the same data.
There is no assurance
that the FDA will ultimately approve a product for marketing in the United States, and we may encounter significant difficulties
or costs during the review process. If a product receives marketing approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific
diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product.
Further, the FDA may require that certain contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling or may
condition the approval of the NDA on other changes to the proposed labeling, development of adequate controls and specifications,
or a commitment to conduct post-market testing or clinical trials and surveillance to monitor the effects of approved products.
For example, the FDA may require Phase 4 clinical trials to further assess drug safety and effectiveness and may require testing
and surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products that have been commercialized. The FDA may also place other
conditions on approvals, including the requirement for a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (“REMS”), to assure
the safe use of the drug. If the FDA concludes a REMS is needed, the sponsor of the NDA must submit a proposed REMS; the FDA will
not approve the NDA without an approved REMS, if required. A REMS could include medication guides, physician communication plans,
or elements to assure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries and other risk minimization tools.
Any of these limitations on approval or marketing could restrict the commercial promotion, distribution, prescription or dispensing
of products. Product approvals may be withdrawn for non-compliance with regulatory requirements or if problems occur following
initial marketing.
Reimbursement
Potential sales of any
of our product candidates, if approved, will depend, at least in part, on the extent to which such products will be covered by
third-party payors, such as government health care programs, commercial insurance and managed healthcare organizations. These third-party
payors are increasingly limiting coverage and/or reducing reimbursements for medical products and services. A third-party payor’s
decision to provide coverage for a drug product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Further, one
payor’s determination to provide coverage for a drug product does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage
for the drug product. In addition, the U.S. government, state legislatures and foreign governments have continued implementing
cost-containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on reimbursement and requirements for substitution of generic
products. Adoption of price controls and cost-containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions
with existing controls and measures, could further limit our future revenues and results of operations. Decreases in third-party
reimbursement or a decision by a third-party payor to not cover a product candidate, if approved, or any future approved products
could reduce physician usage of our products, and have a material adverse effect on our sales, results of operations and financial
condition.
In the United States,
the Medicare Part D program provides a voluntary outpatient drug benefit to Medicare beneficiaries for certain products. We do
not know whether our product candidates, if approved, will be eligible for coverage under Medicare Part D, but individual Medicare
Part D plans offer coverage subject to various factors such as those described above. Furthermore, private payors often follow
Medicare coverage policies and payment limitations in setting their own coverage policies.
Pediatric Exclusivity and Pediatric
Use
The
Pediatric Research Equity Act, or PREA, requires a sponsor to conduct pediatric studies for most drugs and biologics, for a new
active ingredient, new indication, new dosage form, new dosing regimen or new route of administration. Under PREA, original NDAs,
biologics license applications and supplements thereto, must contain a pediatric assessment unless the sponsor has received a deferral
or waiver. Unless otherwise required by regulation, PREA does not apply to any drug for an indication for which an orphan drug
designation has been granted. The required assessment must assess the safety and effectiveness of the product for the claimed indications
in all relevant pediatric subpopulations and support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the product
is safe and effective. The sponsor or FDA may request a deferral of pediatric studies for some or all of the pediatric subpopulations.
A deferral may be granted for several reasons, including a finding that the drug or biologic is ready for approval for use in adults
before pediatric studies are complete or that additional safety or effectiveness data needs to be collected before the pediatric
studies begin.
Pediatric exclusivity
is another type of non-patent marketing exclusivity in the United States and, if granted, provides for the attachment of an additional
six months of marketing protection to the term of any existing regulatory exclusivity, including the non-patent and orphan exclusivity.
This six-month exclusivity may be granted if an NDA sponsor submits pediatric data that fairly respond to a written request from
the FDA for such data. The data does not need to show the product to be effective in the pediatric population studied; rather,
if the clinical trial is deemed to fairly respond to the FDA’s request, the additional protection is granted. If reports
of requested pediatric studies are submitted to and accepted by the FDA within the statutory time limits, whatever statutory or
regulatory periods of exclusivity or patent protection cover the product are extended by six months.
Healthcare Laws and Regulations
Sales of our product
candidates, if approved, or any other future product candidate will be subject to healthcare regulation and enforcement by the
federal government and the states and foreign governments in which we might conduct our business. The healthcare laws and regulations
that may affect our ability to operate include the following:
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The federal Anti-Kickback Statute makes it illegal for any person or entity to knowingly and willfully, directly or indirectly, solicit, receive, offer, or pay any remuneration that is in exchange for or to induce the referral of business, including the purchase, order, lease of any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program, such as Medicare or Medicaid. The term “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value.
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Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, prohibits, among other things, any person or entity from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, for payment to, or approval by, federal programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, claims for items or services, including drugs, that are false or fraudulent.
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit among other actions, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payors or making any false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services.
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HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 and their implementing regulations, impose obligations on certain types of individuals and entities regarding the electronic exchange of information in common healthcare transactions, as well as standards relating to the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information.
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The federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act requires certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, to report annually to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services information related to payments or other transfers of value made to physicians and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members.
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Also,
many states have similar laws and regulations, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws that may be broader in scope and may
apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs. Additionally,
we may be subject to state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the federal government’s and/or pharmaceutical
industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines, state laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments
and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures, as well as state and foreign
laws governing the privacy and security of health information, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often
are not preempted by HIPAA.
Additionally, to the
extent that our product is sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.
Risks Associated with Our Business
Our business is subject
to many significant risks, as more fully described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” immediately following this
prospectus summary. You should read and carefully consider these risks, together with the risks set forth under the section entitled
“Risk Factors” and all of the other information in this prospectus, including the financial statements and the related
notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. If any of the risks discussed
in this prospectus actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
In particular, our risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
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failure to obtain FDA approval to commercially
sell our product candidates in a timely manner or at all;
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whether surgeons and patients in our target
markets accept our product candidates, if approved;
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our ability to retain and recruit key
personnel;
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reliance on third party suppliers for
certain components of our product candidates;
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unanticipated working capital or other
cash requirements;
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changes in FDA regulations, including
testing procedures, of medical devices;
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our estimates of our expenses, ongoing
losses, future revenue, capital requirements and our needs for, or ability to obtain, additional financing;
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our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual
property protection for our product candidates; and
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changes in our business strategy or an
inability to execute our strategy due to unanticipated changes in the medical device industry.
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Corporate Information
We were incorporated in
Delaware on May 1, 1992. Our principal executive offices are located at One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th Floor, New
York, New York 10020, and our telephone number is (703) 992-9325. Our corporate website address is www.aikidopharma.com. The information
contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this
prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.
Our common stock trades
on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”.
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our securities
involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the following
risk factors, together with the other risk factors we describe in any prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus
for a specific offering of securities, as well as those incorporated by reference into this prospectus or such prospectus supplement.
You should also carefully consider other information contained and incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any applicable
prospectus supplement, including our financial statements and the related notes thereto incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
The risks and uncertainties described in the applicable prospectus supplement and our other filings with the SEC incorporated by
reference herein are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently
consider immaterial may also adversely affect us. If any of the described risks occur, our business, financial condition or results
of operations could be materially harmed. In such case, the value of our securities could decline and you may lose all or part
of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Because we have a limited operating
history to evaluate our company, the likelihood of our success must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties,
complications and delays frequently encountered by an early-stage company.
Since we have a limited
operating history in our current business of technology and biotechnology development, it will make it difficult for investors
and securities analysts to evaluate our business and prospects. You must consider our prospects in light of the risks,
expenses and difficulties we face as an early stage company with a limited operating history. Investors should evaluate
an investment in our securities in light of the uncertainties encountered by early stage companies in an intensely competitive
industry. There can be no assurance that our efforts will be successful or that we will be able to become profitable.
Our cancer treatment business
is pre-revenue, pre-development and subject to the risks of an early stage biotechnology company.
Since
the Company’s primary focus for the foreseeable future will likely be our cancer treatment business, shareholders should
understand that we are primarily an early stage biotechnology company with no history of revenue-generating operations, and our
only assets consist of our proprietary drug and the know-how of our officers. Therefore we are subject to all the risks and uncertainties
inherent in a new business, in particular new businesses engaged in the early detection of certain cancers. DHA-dFdC is
in its early stages of development, and we still must establish and implement many important functions necessary to commercialize
the biotechnology.
Accordingly,
you should consider the Company’s prospects in light of the costs, uncertainties, delays and difficulties frequently encountered
by companies in their pre-revenue and pre-development generating stages, particularly those in the biotechnology field. Shareholders
should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties that a business with no operating history will face. In particular, shareholders
should consider that there is a significant risk that we will not be able to:
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demonstrate the effectiveness of DHA-dFdC;
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implement or execute our current business
plan, or that our current business plan is sound;
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raise sufficient funds in the capital
markets or otherwise to fully effectuate our business plan;
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maintain our management team;
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conduct the required clinical studies;
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determine that the processes and technologies
that we have developed or will develop are commercially viable; and/or
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attract, enter into or maintain contracts
with potential commercial partners such as licensors of technology and suppliers.
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Any of the foregoing
risks may adversely affect the Company and result in the failure of our business. In addition, we expect to encounter unforeseen
expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other known and unknown factors. At some point, we will need to transition
from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of supporting commercial activities. We may not be able
to reach such achievements, which would have a material adverse effect on our Company.
We continue to incur operating losses and may not achieve
profitability.
Our loss from operations
for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was
$2.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $8.3 million
and $1.1 million, respectively. Our accumulated deficit was $152.6 million at March 31, 2020. Our ability to become profitable
depends upon our ability to generate revenue from biotechnology products. We do not know when, or if, we will generate any revenue
from such biotechnology products. Even though our revenue may increase, we expect to incur significant additional losses while
we grow and expand our business. We cannot predict if and when we will achieve profitability. Our failure to achieve and sustain
profitability could negatively impact the market price of our common stock.
We expect to need additional capital
to fund our growing operations and if we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, we may be forced to limit the scope of our operations.
We expect that for our
business to grow we will need additional working capital. If adequate additional debt and/or equity financing is not
available on reasonable terms or at all, we may not be able to continue to expand our business or pay our outstanding obligations,
and we will have to modify our business plans accordingly. These factors would have a material adverse effect on our
future operating results and our financial condition.
If we reach a point
where we are unable to raise needed additional funds to continue as a going concern, we will be forced to cease our activities
and dissolve the Company. In such an event, we will need to satisfy various creditors and other claimants, severance,
lease termination and other dissolution-related obligations and we may not have sufficient funds to pay to our stockholders.
If we fail to maintain an effective
system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent
fraud and our business may be harmed and our stock price may be adversely impacted.
Effective internal controls
over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud. Any
inability to provide reliable financial reports or to prevent fraud could harm our business. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
requires management to evaluate and assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In order to
continue to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we are required to continuously evaluate and, where appropriate,
enhance our policies, procedures and internal controls. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls over
financial reporting, we could be subject to litigation or regulatory scrutiny and investors could lose confidence in the accuracy
and completeness of our financial reports. We cannot assure you that in the future we will be able to fully comply with the
requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or that management will conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. If
we fail to fully comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our business may be harmed and our stock price may decline.
Our assessment,
testing and evaluation of the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting resulted in
our conclusion that, as of March 31, 2020, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective, due to our lack
of segregation of duties, and lack of controls in place to ensure that all material transactions and developments impacting the
financial statements are reflected. We can provide no assurance as to conclusions of management with respect to the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting in the future.
Our independent auditors have expressed
substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Due to our net losses,
negative cash flow and negative working capital, in their report on our audited financial statements for the years ended December
31, 2019 and 2018, our independent auditors included an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to
continue as a going concern.
We may seek to internally develop
additional new inventions and intellectual property, which would take time and be costly. Moreover, the failure to obtain
or maintain intellectual property rights for such inventions would lead to the loss of our investments in such activities.
Part of our business
may include the internal development of new inventions or intellectual property that we will seek to monetize. For example,
in December 2019, we acquired substantially all of the assets of CBM, including the acquisition of certain licensing rights with
respect to patents and other intellectual property related to pioneering drug compounds that were developed at the University of
Wake Forest and the University of Texas at Austin, in the areas of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),
acral lentiginous melanoma and pancreatic cancer (collectively, the “University Developments”). Should we choose to
assist in the development of the University Developments and/or internally develop any other inventions or intellectual property,
such aspect of our business will require significant capital and will take time to achieve. Such activities may also
distract our management team from its present business initiatives, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business. There
is also the risk that our initiatives in this regard would not yield any viable new inventions or technology, which would lead
to a loss of our investments in time and resources in such activities.
Our ability to raise additional capital
may be adversely affected by certain of our agreements.
Our ability to raise
additional capital for use in our operating activities may be adversely impacted by the terms of a securities purchase agreement,
dated as of July 15, 2015 (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), between us and the investors who purchased securities
in our July 2015 offering of our common stock and warrants for the purchase of our common stock. The Securities Purchase Agreement
provides that, until the warrants issued thereunder are no longer outstanding, we will not effect or enter into a variable rate
transaction, which includes issuances of securities whose prices or conversion prices may vary with the trading prices of or quotations
for the shares of our common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such securities, as well as the entry into agreements
where our stock would be issued at a future-determined price. These warrants may remain outstanding as late as January 22, 2021,
when the warrants expire in accordance with their terms. These restrictions may have an adverse impact on our ability to raise
additional capital, or to use our cash to make certain payments that we are contractually obligated to make.
We may also identify
targets with patent or other intellectual property assets that cost more than we are prepared to spend with our own capital resources. We
may incur significant costs to organize and negotiate a structured acquisition that does not ultimately result in an acquisition
of any patent assets or, if consummated, proves to be unprofitable for us. Acquisitions involving issuance of our securities
could be dilutive to existing stockholders and could be at prices lower than those prices reflected in the trading markets. These
higher costs could adversely affect our operating results and, if we incur losses, the value of our securities will decline.
The integration of acquired assets may place a significant burden on management and our internal resources. The diversion
of management attention and any difficulties encountered in the integration process could harm our business.
As we are targeting
technology companies in the development stage, their patents and technologies are in the early stages of adoption. Demand
for some of these technologies will likely be untested and may be subject to fluctuation based upon the rate at which our licensees
or others adopt our patents and technologies in their products and services. As a result, there can be no assurance
as to whether technologies we acquire or develop will have value that can be realized through licensing or other activities.
We are exploring and evaluating strategic
alternatives and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying, or completing any strategic alternative or
that any such strategic alternative will yield additional value for shareholders.
Our management and board
of directors (“Board of Directors”) has commenced a review of strategic alternatives which could result in, among other
things, a sale, a merger, consolidation or business combination, asset divestiture, partnering or other collaboration agreements,
or potential acquisitions or recapitalizations, in one or more transactions, or continuing to operate with our current business
plan and strategy. There can be no assurance that the exploration of strategic alternatives will result in the identification or
consummation of any transaction. In addition, we may incur substantial expenses associated with identifying and evaluating potential
strategic alternatives. The process of exploring strategic alternatives may be time consuming and disruptive to our business operations
and if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely
affected. We also cannot assure you that any potential transaction or other strategic alternative, if identified, evaluated and
consummated, will provide greater value to our shareholders than that reflected in the current stock price. Any potential transaction
would be dependent upon a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, among other factors, market conditions,
industry trends, the interest of third parties in our business and the availability of financing to potential buyers on reasonable
terms.
We may be unsuccessful at integrating
future acquisitions.
If we find appropriate
opportunities in the future, we may acquire businesses to strategically increase the number of patents in our portfolio and pursue
monetization. For example, in December 2019, we acquired substantially all of the assets of CBM, including the acquisition of certain
licensing rights with respect to patents and other intellectual property related to pioneering drug compounds that were developed
at the University of Wake Forest and the University of Texas at Austin, in the areas of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic
leukemia (ALL), acral lentiginous melanoma and pancreatic cancer. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to successfully
integrate the business or assets of CBM into the Company.
As we acquire businesses
or substantial stakes in certain businesses, the process of integration may produce unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures,
fail to result in expected synergies or other benefits and absorb significant attention of our management that would otherwise
be available for the ongoing development of our business. In addition, in the event of any future acquisitions, we may record a
portion of the assets we acquire as goodwill, other indefinite-lived intangible assets or finite-lived intangible assets. We do
not amortize goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, but rather review them for impairment on an annual basis or whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. The recoverability of goodwill and
indefinite-lived intangible assets is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient future earnings and cash flows. Changes in
estimates, circumstances or conditions, resulting from both internal and external factors, could have a significant impact on our
fair valuation determination, which could then have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results
of operations. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to identify suitable acquisition opportunities, consummate any pending
or future acquisitions or that we will realize any anticipated benefits from any such acquisitions.
Our pre-CBM acquisition stockholders
have a reduced ownership and voting interest after the acquisition of CBM’s assets and exercise less influence over our management
and policies than they did prior to the acquisition.
Our pre-acquisition
stockholders had the right to vote in the election of our Board of Directors on other matters affecting us. As a result of the
CBM Purchase Agreement, because of the issuance of shares of common stock to the CBM shareholders, our pre-acquisition stockholders
hold a percentage ownership of the Company that is much smaller than the pre-acquisition stockholder’s previous percentage
ownership. Because of this, our pre-acquisition stockholders have less influence over the management and policies of the Company
than they now have after the consummation of the acquisition of CBM’s assets.
Any failure to maintain or protect
our patent assets or other intellectual property rights could significantly impair our return on investment from such assets and
harm our brand, our business and our operating results.
Our ability to operate
our new line of business and compete in the intellectual property market largely depends on the superiority, uniqueness and value
of our acquired patent assets and other intellectual property. To protect our proprietary rights, we will rely on a
combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties,
and protective contractual provisions. No assurances can be given that any of the measures we undertake to protect and
maintain our assets will have any measure of success.
We are required to spend
significant time and resources to maintain the effectiveness of our assets by paying maintenance fees and making filings with the
USPTO. We may acquire patent assets, including patent applications, which require us to spend resources to prosecute
the applications with the USPTO prior to issuance of patents. Further, there is a material risk that patent related
claims (such as, for example, infringement claims (and/or claims for indemnification resulting therefrom), unenforceability claims,
or invalidity claims) will be asserted or prosecuted against us, and such assertions or prosecutions could materially and adversely
affect our business.
Despite our efforts
to protect our intellectual property rights, any of the following or similar occurrences may reduce the value of our intellectual
property:
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our applications for patents, trademarks and copyrights may not be granted and, if granted, may be challenged or invalidated;
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issued trademarks, copyrights, or patents may not provide us with any competitive advantages when compared to potentially infringing other properties;
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our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights may not be effective in preventing misappropriation of our technology; or
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our efforts may not prevent the development and design by others of products or technologies similar to or competitive with, or superior to those we acquire and/or prosecute.
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Moreover, we may not
be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights in certain foreign countries where we may do business or enforce
our patents against infringers in foreign countries. If we fail to maintain, defend or prosecute our patent assets properly,
the value of those assets would be reduced or eliminated, and our business would be harmed.
We may be at risk for delay in technology
development and other economic repercussions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We may be at risk as
a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Risks that could affect our business include the duration and scope of the COVID-19
pandemic and the impact on the demand for our products; actions by governments, businesses and individuals taken in response to
the pandemic; the length of time of the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibility of its reoccurrence; the timing required to develop
effective treatments and a vaccine in the event of future outbreaks; the eventual impact of the pandemic and actions taken in response
to the pandemic on global and regional economies; and the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides.
Additionally, New York,
where our U.S. operations are based, is currently significantly affected by COVID-19, which led to measures taken by the New York
government trying to contain the spread of COVID-19, such as shelter in place, closure of schools and travel restrictions. Additional
travel and other restrictions may be put in place to further control the outbreak in U.S. Accordingly, our operation and business
have been and will continue to be adversely affected as the results of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The extent to which
COVID-19 negatively impacts our business is highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. We believe that the coronavirus
outbreak and the measures taken to control it may have a significant negative impact on not only our business, but economic activities
globally. The magnitude of this negative effect on the continuity of our business operations in the U.S. remains uncertain. These
uncertainties impede our ability to conduct our daily operations and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations, and as a result affect our stock price and create more volatility.
Risks Related to the Product Development,
Regulatory Approval, Manufacturing and Commercialization
We are early
in our development efforts and currently have no clinical-stage product candidates. If we are unable to clinically develop and
ultimately commercialize DHA-dFdC or other product candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will
be materially harmed.
We
are early in our development efforts and have no clinical-stage product candidates as of the date of this prospectus. We have the
exclusive U.S. rights to develop DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer in the licensed field. We are presently planning on filing
an IND for DHA-dFdC, and we hope to begin human testing for this indication in 2021, although no assurance can be given that we
will be able to achieve this goal.
Therefore,
our ability to generate product or royalty revenues, which we do not expect will occur for several years, if ever, will depend
heavily on our ability to develop and eventually commercialize our product candidate. The positive development of our product candidate
will depend on several factors, including the following:
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positive commencement and completion of clinical trials;
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successful preparation of regulatory filings and receipt of marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;
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obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection and potential regulatory exclusivity for our product candidate and protecting our rights in our intellectual property portfolio;
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launching commercial sales of our product, if and when approved for one or more indications, whether alone or in collaboration with others;
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acceptance of the product for one or more indications, if and when approved, by patients, the medical community and third-party payors;
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protection from generic substitution based upon our own or licensed intellectual property rights;
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effectively competing with other therapies;
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obtaining and maintaining adequate reimbursement from healthcare payors; and
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maintaining a continued acceptable safety profile of our product following approval, if any.
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If
we do not achieve one or more of these factors in a timely manner or at all, we could experience significant delays or an inability
to clinically develop and commercialize DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer, which would materially harm our business.
If we are
unable to convince physicians as to the benefits of DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer, if and when it is approved, we may incur
delays or additional expense in our attempt to establish market acceptance.
Use
of DHA-dFdC as a cancer therapy will require physicians to be informed regarding the intended benefits of the product for a new
indication. The time and cost of such an educational process may be substantial. Inability to carry out this physician education
process may adversely affect market acceptance of DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer. We may be unable to timely educate physicians
in sufficient numbers regarding our intended application of DHA-dFdC to achieve our marketing plans or to achieve product acceptance.
Any delay in physician education or acceptance may materially delay or reduce demand for our product candidate. In addition, we
may expend significant funds toward physician education before any acceptance or demand for DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer is
created, if at all.
Clinical
drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process, with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience
delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our product candidate.
The
risk of failure for product candidates in clinical development is high. It is impossible to predict when our sole product candidate,
DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer, will prove effective and safe in humans or will receive regulatory approval for the treatment
of any disease, the indication for which is licensed to us. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for
the sale of DHA-dFdC as a cancer therapy, we must conduct one or more clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of
our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete
and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. Moreover, the outcome
of early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial
do not necessarily predict final results. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations
and analyses, and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in clinical trials have nonetheless
failed to obtain marketing approval of their products.
We
may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent our ability to
receive marketing approval or commercialize our product candidate, including:
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regulators or institutional review boards may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;
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we may experience delays in reaching, or fail to reach, agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trial sites;
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clinical trials of our product candidate may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs, which would be time consuming and costly;
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the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidates may be larger than we anticipate, enrollment in these clinical trials may be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;
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we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidates for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;
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regulators or institutional review boards may require that we or our investigators suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements or a finding that the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;
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the cost of clinical trials may be greater than we anticipate;
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the supply or quality of materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our product candidate may be insufficient or inadequate;
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our product candidate may have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics, causing us or our investigators, regulators or institutional review boards to suspend or terminate the trials; and
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interactions with other drugs.
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If
we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing of our product candidate beyond those that we currently
contemplate, if we are unable to complete clinical trials of our product candidates or other testing, if the results of these trials
or tests are not positive or are only modestly positive or if there are safety concerns, we may:
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be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate for one or more indications;
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not obtain marketing approval at all for one or more indications;
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obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as intended or desired (particularly, in our case, for different types of cancer);
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obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or safety warnings;
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be subject to additional post-marketing testing requirements; or
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have the product removed from the market after obtaining marketing approval.
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Our
product development costs will also increase if we experience delays in testing or marketing approvals. We do not know which, if
any, of our clinical trials will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or
clinical trial delays also could shorten any periods during which we may have the right to commercialize our product candidate
or allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do and impair our ability to commercialize our product candidate
and may harm our business and results of operations.
If we experience
delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in any future clinical trials, our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals
could be delayed or prevented.
We
may not be able to initiate or continue future clinical trials for DHA-dFdC or our present or future product candidates if we are
unable to locate and enroll a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in these trials as required by the FDA or similar
regulatory authorities outside the United States. In addition, some of our competitors have ongoing clinical trials for product
candidates that treat the same indications as our product candidate, and patients who would otherwise be eligible for our future
clinical trials may instead enroll in clinical trials of our competitors’ product candidates.
Patient
enrollment is affected by other factors including:
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the severity of the disease under investigation;
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the eligibility criteria for the study in question;
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the perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under study;
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the patient referral practices of physicians;
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the ability to monitor patients adequately during and after treatment; and
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the proximity and availability of clinical trial sites for prospective patients.
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Our
inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for any future clinical trials would result in significant delays and could
require us to abandon one or more clinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased
development costs for our product candidate, which would cause the value of our company to decline and otherwise materially and
adversely affect our company.
If serious
adverse or unacceptable side effects are identified during the development of our product candidate, we may need to abandon or
limit such development, which would adversely affect our company.
If
clinical testing of our product candidates results in undesirable side effects or demonstrates characteristics that are unexpected,
we may need to abandon such development or limit such development to more narrow uses or subpopulations in which the undesirable
side effects or other characteristics are less prevalent, less severe or more acceptable from a risk-benefit perspective. Many
compounds that initially showed promise in early stage testing for treating cancer have later been found to cause side effects
that prevented further development of the compound.
For the
foreseeable future, we expect to expend our limited resources primarily to pursue a particular product candidate, leaving us unable
to capitalize on other product candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood
of clinical and commercial development.
Because
we have limited financial and managerial resources, we will focus for the foreseeable future primarily on the clinical development
of DHA-dFdC for the treatment of prostate cancer. As a result, we may forego or be unable to pursue opportunities with other product
candidates or for indications other than those we intend to pursue that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource
allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities. Our spending
on research and development programs related to DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer may not yield any commercially viable therapies.
Because of this concentration of our efforts, our business will be particularly subject to significant risk of failure of our one
current product candidate.
We expect
to rely on collaborations with third parties for key aspects of our business. If we are unable to secure or maintain any of these
collaborations, or if these collaborations do not achieve their goals, our business would be adversely affected.
We
presently have very limited capabilities for drug development and do not yet have any capability for manufacturing, sales, marketing
or distribution. Accordingly, we expect to enter into collaborations with other companies that we believe can provide such capabilities.
These collaborations may also provide us with important funding for our development programs.
There
is a risk that we may not be able to maintain our current collaboration or to enter into additional collaborations on acceptable
terms or at all, which would leave us unable to progress our business plan. We will face significant competition in seeking appropriate
collaborators. Our ability to reach a definitive agreement for a collaboration will depend, among other things, upon our assessment
of the collaborator’s resources and expertise, the terms and conditions of the proposed collaboration and the proposed collaborator’s
evaluation of a number of factors. If we are unable to maintain or reach agreements with suitable collaborators on a timely basis,
on acceptable terms, or at all, we may have to curtail the development of our product candidate, reduce or delay its development
program, delay its potential commercialization or reduce the scope of any sales or marketing activities, or increase our expenditures
and undertake development or commercialization activities at our own expense.
Moreover,
even if we are able to maintain and/or enter into such collaborations, such collaborations may pose a number of risks, including
the following:
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collaborators may not perform their obligations as expected;
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disagreements with collaborators, including disagreements over proprietary rights, contract interpretation or the preferred course of development, might cause delays or termination of the research, development or commercialization of our product candidate, might lead to additional responsibilities for us with respect to such product candidate, or might result in litigation or arbitration, any of which would be time-consuming and expensive;
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collaborators could independently develop or be associated with products that compete directly or indirectly with our product candidate;
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collaborators could have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to our arrangements with them;
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should our product candidate achieve regulatory approval, a collaborator with marketing and distribution rights to our product candidate may not commit sufficient resources to the marketing and distribution of such product;
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collaborators may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation;
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collaborators may infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, which may expose us to litigation and potential liability; and
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collaborations may be terminated for the convenience of the collaborator and, if terminated, we could be required to either find alternative collaborators (which we may be unable to do) or raise additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of our product candidate on our own.
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Our
business could be materially harmed if any of the foregoing or similar risks comes to pass with respect to our key collaborations.
Even if
any of our product candidates receive marketing approval for any indication, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance
by physicians, patients, third-party payors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success.
Even
if DHA-dFdC for the treatment of cancer receives marketing approval for any indication, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient
market acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors and others in the medical community. For example, current cancer
treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy are well established in the medical community, and doctors
may continue to rely on these treatments. If our product candidate does not achieve an adequate level of acceptance, we may not
generate significant product revenues and we may not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of DHA-dFdC for the treatment
of cancer, if approved for commercial sale, will depend on a number of factors, including:
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the efficacy and potential advantages compared to alternative treatments;
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our ability to offer our products for sale at competitive prices;
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the convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;
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the willingness of the target patient population to try new therapies and of physicians to prescribe these therapies;
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the strength of marketing and distribution support;
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the availability of third-party coverage and adequate reimbursement;
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the prevalence and severity of any side effects; and
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any restrictions on the use of our product together with other medications.
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If we are
unable to establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we may not be able to commercialize our product candidate if
and when it is approved.
We
currently do not have a sales or marketing infrastructure. To achieve any level of commercial success for any product for which
we have obtained marketing approval, we will need to establish a sales and marketing organization or outsource sales and marketing
functions to third parties, and achieve the following:
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successful preparation of regulatory filings and receipt of marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;
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obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection and potential regulatory exclusivity for our product candidate and protecting our rights in our intellectual property portfolio;
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launching commercial sales of our product, if and when approved for one or more indications, whether alone or in collaboration with others;
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acceptance of the product for one or more indications, if and when approved, by patients, the medical community and third-party payors;
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protection from generic substitution based upon our own or licensed intellectual property rights;
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effectively competing with other therapies;
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obtaining and maintaining adequate reimbursement from healthcare payors; and
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maintaining a continued acceptable safety profile of our product following approval, if any.
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If
we do not achieve one or more of these factors in a timely manner or at all, we could experience significant delays or an inability
to clinically develop and commercialize DHA-dFdC as a therapy for cancer, which would materially harm our business.
In
addition, given our current limited financial resources, we are currently focusing our efforts on one key cancer indication, namely
prostate cancer. We are thus faced with the risk that DHA-dFdC could be ineffective in addressing this particular cancer indication,
and if our efforts to demonstrate the efficacy of DHA-dFdC in prostate cancer are not positive, we may lack the resources to expand
our efforts into other cancer indications.
We face
substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing products before or more successfully
than we do.
The
development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We face competition with respect to our current product
candidate and will face competition with respect to any product candidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the
future, from major pharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide. There are
a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market and sell products or are pursuing the development
of products for the treatment of cancer. Potential competitors also include academic institutions, government agencies and other
public and private research organizations that conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements
for research, development, manufacturing and commercialization.
Our
commercial opportunity could be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and commercialize products that are safer, more
effective, have fewer or less severe side effects, are more convenient or are less expensive than any products that we may develop.
Our competitors also may obtain FDA or other regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than we may obtain approval for
ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before we are able to enter the market.
Many
of the companies against which we are competing or against which we may compete in the future have significantly greater financial
resources and expertise in research and development, manufacturing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals
and marketing approved products than we do. Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries may result
in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of our competitors. Smaller and other early stage companies may
also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies.
These third parties compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel, establishing clinical
trial sites and patient registration for clinical trials, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for,
our programs, and we may be unable to effectively compete with these companies for these or other reasons.
Even if
we are able to commercialize any product candidates, the products may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third-party
reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives, which would harm our business.
The
regulations that govern marketing approvals, pricing, coverage and reimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country
to country. Current and future legislation may significantly change the approval requirements in ways that could involve additional
costs and cause delays in obtaining approvals.
Our
ability to commercialize any product candidate also will depend in part on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement
for our product candidate will be available from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other
organizations. Government authorities and third party payors, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations,
decide which medications they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels. A primary trend in the U.S. healthcare industry
and elsewhere is cost containment. Government authorities and third party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage
and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. Increasingly, third-party payors are requiring that drug companies
provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices and are challenging the prices charged for medical products. Coverage
and reimbursement may not be available for any product that we commercialize and, even if these are available, the level of reimbursement
may not be satisfactory. Reimbursement may affect the demand for, or the price of, any product candidate for which we obtain marketing
approval. Obtaining and maintaining adequate reimbursement for our products may be difficult. We may be required to conduct expensive
pharmacoeconomic studies to justify coverage and reimbursement or the level of reimbursement relative to other therapies. If coverage
and adequate reimbursement are not available or reimbursement is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to commercialize
any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval.
In
addition, there may be significant delays in obtaining reimbursement for newly approved drugs, and coverage may be more limited
than the purposes for which the drug is approved by the FDA. Moreover, eligibility for reimbursement does not imply that a drug
will be paid for in all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale and distribution.
Interim reimbursement levels for new drugs, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover our costs and may not be made permanent.
Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the drug and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on reimbursement
levels already set for lower cost drugs and may be incorporated into existing payments for other services. Net prices for drugs
may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payors. Third-party payors
often rely upon Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement policies. Our inability to
promptly obtain coverage and adequate reimbursement rates from both government-funded and private payors for any approved products
that we develop could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, our ability to raise capital needed to commercialize
products and our overall financial condition.
Product
liability lawsuits against us could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and to limit commercialization of any products that
we may develop.
We
face an inherent risk of product liability exposure related to the testing of DHA-dFdC in human clinical trials and will face an
even greater risk if we commercially sell any products that we may develop. If we cannot defend ourselves against claims that our
product candidate or products caused injuries, we will incur substantial liabilities. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome,
liability claims may result in:
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decreased demand for any product candidates or products that we may develop;
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damage to our reputation and significant negative media attention;
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withdrawal of clinical trial participants;
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significant costs to defend the related litigation;
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substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;
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loss of revenue;
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reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and
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the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.
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We
currently do not have product liability insurance coverage, which leaves us exposed to any product-related liabilities that we
may incur. We may be unable to obtain insurance on reasonable terms or at all. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We
may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may
arise.
If we fail to comply with healthcare
regulations, we could face substantial enforcement actions, including civil and criminal penalties and our business, operations
and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We could be subject
to healthcare fraud and abuse laws and patient privacy laws of both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our
business. The laws include:
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the federal healthcare program anti-kickback law, which prohibits, among other things, persons from soliciting, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual, for an item or service or the purchasing or ordering of a good or service, for which payment may be made under federal healthcare programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs;
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federal false claims laws which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payers that are false or fraudulent, and which may apply to entities like us which provide coding and billing information to customers;
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the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, which prohibits executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters and which also imposes certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information;
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the
FDCA which among other things, strictly regulates drug manufacturing and product marketing,
prohibits manufacturers from marketing drug products for off-label use and
regulates the distribution of drug sample; and
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state
law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services
reimbursed by any third-party payer, including commercial insurers, and state laws governing the privacy and security of health
information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by
federal laws, thus complicating compliance efforts.
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If our operations are
found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject
to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. Any
penalties, damages, fines, curtailment or restructuring of our operations could adversely affect our ability to operate our business
and our financial results. Although compliance programs can mitigate the risk of investigation and prosecution for violations of
these laws, the risks cannot be entirely eliminated. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully
defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert management’s attention from the operation
of our business. Moreover, achieving and sustaining compliance with applicable federal and state privacy, security and fraud laws
may prove costly.
Members of our management team lack
experience in the pharmaceutical field.
Members of our management
team lack experience in the pharmaceutical field. This lack of experience may impair our ability to commercialize our pharmaceutical
products and attain profitability. We will need to hire or engage managerial personnel with relevant experience in the pharmaceutical
field; however, there can be no assurance that such personnel will be available to us or, that once engaged, will be retained by
us. Failure to establish and maintain an effective management team with experience in the pharmaceutical field and commercialization
of pharmaceuticals products would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The marketing approval process of
the FDA is lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if were ultimately are unable to obtain marketing approval
for the product candidates we intend to develop, our business will be substantially harmed.
None of the product
candidates we intend to develop have gained marketing approval in the U.S. and we cannot guarantee that we will ever have marketable
products. Our business is substantially dependent on our ability to complete the development of, obtain marketing approval for,
and successfully commercialize our product candidates in a timely manner. We cannot commercialize our product candidates in the
United States without first obtaining approval from the FDA to market each product candidate. Our product candidates could fail
to receive marketing approval for many reasons.
In addition, the process
of seeking regulatory clearance or approval to market the product candidates we intend to develop is expensive and time consuming
and, notwithstanding the effort and expense incurred, clearance or approval is never guaranteed. If we are not successful in obtaining
timely clearance or approval of our product candidates from the FDA, we may never be able to generate significant revenue and may
be forced to cease operations. The FDA process is costly, lengthy and uncertain. Any FDA application filed by the Company will
have to be supported by extensive data, including, but not limited to, technical, preclinical, clinical trial, manufacturing and
labeling data, to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction the safety and efficacy of the product for its intended use.
Obtaining clearances
or approvals from the FDA and from the regulatory agencies in other countries is an expensive and time consuming process and is
uncertain as to outcome. The FDA and other agencies could ask us to supplement our submissions, collect non-clinical data, conduct
additional clinical trials or engage in other time-consuming actions, or it could simply deny our applications. In addition, even
if we obtain an FDA approval or pre-market approvals in other countries, the approval could be revoked or other restrictions imposed
if post-market data demonstrates safety issues or lack of effectiveness. We cannot predict with certainty how, or when, the FDA
will act. If we are unable to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, our financial condition and cash flow may be adversely
affected, and our ability to grow domestically and internationally may be limited. Additionally, even if cleared or approved, the
Company’s products may not be approved for the specific indications that are most necessary or desirable for successful commercialization
or profitability.
Modifications to our products may
require new FDA approvals.
Once a particular product
receives FDA approval or clearance, expanded uses or uses in new indications of our products may require additional human clinical
trials and new regulatory approvals or clearances, including additional IND and FDA submissions and premarket approvals before
we can begin clinical development, and/or prior to marketing and sales. If the FDA requires new clearances or approvals for a particular
use or indication, we may be required to conduct additional clinical studies, which would require additional expenditures and harm
our operating results. If the products are already being used for these new indications, we may also be subject to significant
enforcement actions. Conducting clinical trials and obtaining clearances and approvals can be a time consuming process, and delays
in obtaining required future clearances or approvals could adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in
a timely manner, which in turn would harm our future growth.
Additional delays to the completion
of clinical studies may result from modifications being made to the protocol during the clinical trial, if such modifications are
warranted and/or required by the occurrences in the given trial.
Each modification to
the protocol during a clinical trial has to be submitted to the FDA. This could result in the delay or halt of a clinical trial
while the modification is evaluated. In addition, depending on the quantity and nature of the changes made, the FDA could take
the position that the data generated by the clinical trial is not poolable because the same protocol was not used throughout the
trial. This might require the enrollment of additional subjects, which could result in the extension of the clinical trial and
the FDA delaying clearance or approval of a product. Any such delay could have a material adverse effect on our business and results
of operations.
There can be no assurance that the
data generated from our clinical trials using modified protocols will be acceptable to FDA.
There can be no assurance
that the data generated using modified protocols will be acceptable to the FDA or that if future modifications during the trial
are necessary, that any such modifications will be acceptable to the FDA. If the FDA believes that its prior approval is required
for a particular modification, it can delay or halt a clinical trial while it evaluates additional information regarding the change.
Serious injury or death
resulting from a failure of one of our drug candidates during current or future clinical trials could also result in the FDA delaying
our clinical trials or denying or delaying clearance or approval of a product.
Even though an adverse
event may not be the result of the failure of our drug candidate, the FDA or an Internal Review Board (“IRB”) could
delay or halt a clinical trial for an indefinite period of time while an adverse event is reviewed, and likely would do so in the
event of multiple such events.
Any delay or termination
of our current or future clinical trials as a result of the risks summarized above, including delays in obtaining or maintaining
required approvals from IRBs, delays in patient enrollment, the failure of patients to continue to participate in a clinical trial,
and delays or termination of clinical trials as a result of protocol modifications or adverse events during the trials, may cause
an increase in costs and delays in the filing of any product submissions with the FDA, delay the approval and commercialization
of our products or result in the failure of the clinical trial, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and
prospects.
The future results of our current
or future clinical trials may not support our product candidate claims or may result in the discovery of unexpected adverse side
effects.
Even if our clinical
trials are completed as planned, we cannot be certain that their results will support our drug candidate claims or that the FDA
or foreign authorities will agree with our conclusions regarding them. Success in preclinical studies and early clinical trials
does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and we cannot be sure that the later trials will replicate the results
of prior trials and preclinical studies. The clinical trial process may fail to demonstrate that our drug candidates are safe and
effective for the proposed indicated uses. If the FDA concludes that the clinical trials for DHA-dFdC, or any other product for
which we might seek clearance, has failed to demonstrate safety and effectiveness, we would not receive FDA clearance to market
that product in the United States for the indications sought.
In addition, such an
outcome could cause us to abandon the product candidate and might delay development of others. Any delay or termination of our
clinical trials will delay the filing of any product submissions with the FDA and, ultimately, our ability to commercialize our
product candidates and generate revenues. It is also possible that patients enrolled in clinical trials will experience adverse
side effects that are not currently part of the product candidate’s profile.
Current and future legislation may
increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our product candidates and affect the
prices we may obtain for such product candidates.
In the United States
and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the
healthcare system that could prevent or delay marketing approval for our product candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval
activities and affect our ability to profitably sell our product candidates. Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made
to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products. We do not know
whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed,
or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of our product candidates, if any, may be. In addition, increased
scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA’s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well
as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements.
In the United States,
the Medicare Modernization Act (“MMA”) changed the way Medicare covers and pays for pharmaceutical products. As a result
of this legislation and the expansion of federal coverage of drug products, we expect that there will be additional pressure to
contain and reduce costs. These cost reduction initiatives and other provisions of this legislation could decrease the coverage
and price that we receive for our product candidates and could seriously harm our business.
The Patient Protection
and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the
“Health Care Reform Law”) is a sweeping law intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the
growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for healthcare and health
insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. The Health
Care Reform Law remains subject to legislative efforts to repeal, modify or delay the implementation of the law. However, if the
Health Care Reform Law is repealed or modified, or if implementation of certain aspects of the Health Care Reform Law are delayed,
such repeal, modification or delay may materially adversely impact our business, strategies, prospects, operating results or financial
condition.
In addition, other legislative
changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the Health Care Reform Law was enacted. We expect that additional
federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments
will pay for healthcare products and services, and in turn could significantly reduce the projected value of certain development
projects and reduce or eliminate our profitability.
Upon commercialization of our products,
we may be dependent on third parties to market, distribute and sell our products.
Our ability to receive
revenues may be dependent upon the sales and marketing efforts of any future co-marketing partners and third-party distributors.
At this time, we have not entered into an agreement with any commercialization partner and only plan to do so after the successful
completion of Phase 1 clinical trials and prior to commercialization. If we fail to reach an agreement with any commercialization
partner, or upon reaching such an agreement that partner fails to sell a large volume of our products, it may have a negative impact
on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Adverse events involving our
products may lead the FDA to delay or deny clearance for our products or result in product recalls that could harm our reputation,
business and financial results.
Once a product receives
FDA clearance or approval, the agency has the authority to require the recall of commercialized products in the event of adverse
side effects, material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture. The authority to require a recall must be based on an
FDA finding that there is a reasonable probability that the product would cause serious injury or death. Manufacturers may, under
their own initiative, recall a product if any material deficiency in a product is found. A government-mandated or voluntary recall
by us or one of our distributors could occur as a result of adverse side effects, impurities or other product contamination, manufacturing
errors, design or labeling defects or other deficiencies and issues. Recalls of any of our products would divert managerial and
financial resources and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The FDA requires that certain
classifications of recalls be reported to FDA within ten working days after the recall is initiated. Companies are required to
maintain certain records of recalls, even if they are not reportable to the FDA. We may initiate voluntary recalls involving our
products in the future that we determine do not require notification of the FDA. If the FDA disagrees with our determinations,
they could require us to report those actions as recalls. A future recall announcement could harm our reputation with customers
and negatively affect our sales. In addition, the FDA could take enforcement action for failing to report the recalls when they
were conducted.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities
We face evolving regulation of corporate
governance and public disclosure that may result in additional expenses and continuing uncertainty.
As a public company,
we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or SOX, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform
and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of The Nasdaq Global Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations
impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial
controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time towards
maintaining compliance with these requirements. These rules, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations,
and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This
could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure
and governance practices. We intend to invest the resources necessary to comply with evolving laws, regulations and
standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and
attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new or changed
laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, regulatory authorities may
initiate legal proceedings against us, which could be costly and time-consuming, and our reputation and business may be harmed.
Our common stock may be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital
Market if we fail to comply with continued listing standards.
Our common stock is
currently traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”. If we fail to meet any of the continued
listing standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market, our common stock could be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market. These
continued listing standards include specifically enumerated criteria, such as:
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a $1.00 minimum closing bid price;
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stockholders’ equity of $2.5 million;
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500,000 shares of publicly-held common stock with a market value of at least $1 million;
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300 round-lot stockholders; and
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compliance with Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements, as well as additional or more stringent criteria that may be applied in the exercise of Nasdaq’s discretionary authority.
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On
April 28, 2020, we received a staff deficiency notice from Nasdaq informing the Company that its common stock failed to comply
with the $1.00 minimum bid price required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).
Nasdaq’s letter advised the Company that, based upon the closing bid price during the period from March 16, 2020 to April
27, 2020, the Company no longer meets this test.
Given
the current extraordinary market conditions, Nasdaq has determined to toll the compliance periods for the bid price and market
value of publicly held shares requirements through June 30, 2020. Pursuant to Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company
has been provided with a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until December 28, 2020, to regain compliance with the minimum
bid price requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock must meet or exceed $1.00
per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days prior to December 28, 2020.
There can be no assurance
that we will be able to maintain compliance and remain in compliance in the future. In particular, our share price may continue
to decline for a number of reasons, including many that are beyond our control. If we fail to comply with Nasdaq’s continued
listing standards, we may be delisted and our common stock will trade, if at all, only on the over-the-counter market, such as
the OTC Bulletin Board or OTCQX market, and then only if one or more registered broker-dealer market makers comply with quotation
requirements. In addition, delisting of our common stock could depress our stock price, substantially limit liquidity
of our common stock and materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Further,
delisting of our common stock would likely result in our common stock becoming a “penny stock” under the Exchange Act.
Our share price may be volatile and
there may not be an active trading market for our common stock.
There can be no assurance
that the market price of our common stock will not decline below its present market price or that there will be an active trading
market for our common stock. The market prices of technology or technology related companies have been and are likely to continue
to be highly volatile. Fluctuations in our operating results and general market conditions for technology or technology related
stocks could have a significant impact on the volatility of our common stock price. We have experienced significant volatility
in the price of our common stock. From January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, the share price of our common stock
(on a split-adjusted basis) ranged from a high of $3.92 to a low of $1.05. The reason for the volatility in our stock is not well
understood and may continue. Factors that may have contributed to such volatility include, but are not limited to:
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developments regarding regulatory filings;
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our funding requirements and the terms of our financing arrangements;
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technological innovations;
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introduction of new technologies by us or our competitors;
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material changes in existing litigation;
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changes in the enforceability or other matters surrounding our patent portfolios;
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government regulations and laws;
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public sentiment relating to our industry;
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developments in patent or other proprietary rights;
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the number of shares issued and outstanding;
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the number of shares trading on an average trading day;
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performance of companies in the non-performing entity space generally;
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announcements regarding other participants in the technology and technology related industries, including our competitors;
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block sales of our shares by stockholders to whom we have sold stock in private placements, or the cessation of transfer restrictions with respect to those shares; and
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market speculation regarding any of the foregoing.
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We could fail in future financing
efforts or be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market if we fail to receive stockholder approval when needed.
We are required under
the Nasdaq rules to obtain stockholder approval for any issuance of additional equity securities that would comprise more than
20% of the total shares of our common stock outstanding before the issuance of such securities sold in an offering that is not
deemed to be a “public offering” by Nasdaq. Funding of our operations and acquisitions of assets may require issuance
of additional equity securities that would comprise more than 20% of the total shares of our common stock outstanding, but we might
not be successful in obtaining the required stockholder approval for such an issuance. If we are unable to obtain financing due
to stockholder approval difficulties, such failure may have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue operations.
Our shares of common stock are thinly
traded and, as a result, stockholders may be unable to sell at or near ask prices, or at all, if they need to sell shares to raise
money or otherwise desire to liquidate their shares.
Our common stock has
been “thinly-traded” meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near ask prices
at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the
fact that we are a small company that is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others
in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons,
they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase
of our shares until such time as we become more seasoned and viable. Our trading volumes are further adversely affected by the
1-for-19 reverse stock split that was effective as of March 4, 2016. In addition, we believe that due to the limited number of
shares of our common stock outstanding, an options market has not been established for our common stock, limiting the ability of
market participants to hedge or otherwise undertake trading strategies available for larger companies with broader shareholder
bases which prevents institutions and others from acquiring or trading in our securities. Consequently, there may be periods of
several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has
a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price.
We cannot give stockholders any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common shares will develop
or be sustained, or that current trading levels will be sustained.
Because of the Shareholder Rights
Plan and “anti-takeover” provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated
Bylaws, a third party may be discouraged from making a takeover offer that could be beneficial to our stockholders.
Effective as of January
24, 2013, we adopted a shareholder rights plan which was amended and restated as of June 9, 2017. The effect of this rights plan
and of certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and the anti-takeover
provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, could delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us or replacing members
of our Board of Directors, or make more costly any attempt to acquire control of the Company, even if the acquisition or the Board
designees would be beneficial to our stockholders. These factors could also reduce the price that certain investors might be willing
to pay for shares of the common stock and result in the market price being lower than it would be without these provisions.
Dividends on our common stock are
not likely.
During the last five
years, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock
in the foreseeable future. Investors must look solely to the potential for appreciation in the market price of the shares
of our common stock to obtain a return on their investment.
It may be difficult to predict our
financial performance because our quarterly operating results may fluctuate.
Our revenues, operating
results and valuations of certain assets and liabilities may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors,
many of which are beyond our control. You should not rely on period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations as an indication
of our future performance. Our results of operations may fall below the expectations of market analysts and our own forecasts.
If this happens, the market price of our common stock may fall significantly. The factors that may affect our quarterly operating
results include the following:
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fluctuations in results of our enforcement and licensing activities or outcome of cases;
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fluctuations in duration of judicial processes and time to completion of cases;
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the timing and amount of expenses incurred to negotiate with licensees and obtain settlements from infringers;
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the impact of our anticipated need for personnel and expected substantial increase in headcount;
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fluctuations in the receptiveness of courts and juries to significant damages awards in patent infringement cases and speed to trial in the jurisdictions in which our cases may be brought and the accepted royalty rates attributable to damages analysis for patent cases generally, including the royalty rates for industry standard patents which we may own or acquire;
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worsening economic conditions which cause revenues or profits attributable to infringer sales of products or services to decline;
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changes in the regulatory environment, including regulation of NPE activities or patenting practices, that may negatively impact our or infringers practices;
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the timing and amount of expenses associated with litigation, regulatory investigations or restructuring activities, including settlement costs and regulatory penalties assessed related to government enforcement actions;
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Any changes we make in our Critical Accounting Estimates described in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations sections of our periodic reports;
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the adoption of new accounting pronouncements, or new interpretations of existing accounting pronouncements, that impact the manner in which we account for, measure or disclose our results of operations, financial position or other financial measures; and
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costs related to acquisitions of technologies or businesses.
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If we fail to retain our key personnel,
we may not be able to achieve our anticipated level of growth and our business could suffer.
Our future depends,
in part, on our ability to attract and retain key personnel and the continued contributions of our executive officers, each of
whom may be difficult to replace. In particular, Anthony Hayes, our Chief Executive Officer, is important to the management of
our business and operations and the development of our strategic direction. The loss of the services of any such individual and
the process to replace any key personnel would involve significant time and expense and may significantly delay or prevent the
achievement of our business objectives.
Because an increasing amount of our
outstanding shares may become freely tradable, sales of these shares could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly,
even if our business is performing well.
As of June 5, 2020,
we had outstanding 34,920,219 shares of common stock, of which our directors and executive officers owned 28,989 shares which
are subject to the limitations of Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
In general, Rule 144
provides that any non-affiliate of ours, who has held restricted common stock for at least six-months, is entitled to sell their
restricted stock freely, provided that we are then current in our filings with the SEC.
An affiliate of the
Company may sell after six months with the following restrictions:
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we are current in our filings;
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certain manner of sale provisions;
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filing of Form 144; and
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volume limitations limiting the sale of shares within any three-month period to a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1% of the total number of outstanding shares or, the average weekly trading volume during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice of sale.
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Because almost all of
our outstanding shares are freely tradable (subject to certain restrictions imposed by lockup agreements executed by the holders
thereof) and the shares held by our affiliates may be freely sold (subject to the Rule 144 limitations), sales of these shares
could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is performing well.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise indicated
in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from these sales for general corporate purposes, which includes,
without limitation, the continued development of our products to treat pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and working capital. The amounts and timing of these expenditures will depend on numerous factors,
including the development of our current business initiatives.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the
securities from time to time to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. A
distribution of the securities offered by this prospectus may also be effected through the issuance of derivative securities,
including without limitation, warrants, rights to purchase and subscriptions. In addition, the manner in which we may
sell some or all of the securities covered by this prospectus includes, without limitation, through:
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a block trade in which a broker-dealer
will attempt to sell as agent, but may position or resell a portion of the block, as principal, in order to facilitate the transaction;
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purchases by a broker-dealer, as principal,
and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; or
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ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions
in which a broker solicits purchasers.
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A prospectus supplement
or supplements with respect to each series of securities will describe the terms of the offering, including, to the extent applicable:
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the terms of the offering;
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the name or names of the underwriters
or agents and the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them, if any;
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the public offering price or purchase
price of the securities or other consideration therefor, and the proceeds to be received by us from the sale;
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any delayed delivery requirements;
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any over-allotment options under which
underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;
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any underwriting discounts or agency fees
and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation;
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any discounts or concessions allowed or
re-allowed or paid to dealers; and
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any securities exchange or market on which
the securities may be listed.
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The offer and sale of
the securities described in this prospectus by us, the underwriters or the third parties described above may be effected from time
to time in one or more transactions, including privately negotiated transactions, either:
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at a fixed price or prices, which may
be changed;
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in an “at the market” offering
within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act;
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at prices related to such prevailing market
prices; or
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Only underwriters named
in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.
Underwriters and Agents; Direct Sales
If underwriters are
used in a sale, they will acquire the offered securities for their own account and may resell the offered securities from time
to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined
at the time of sale. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters
or by underwriters without a syndicate.
Unless the prospectus
supplement states otherwise, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set
forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase
all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by any over-allotment option. Any public
offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use
underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter,
the nature of any such relationship.
We may sell securities
directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities,
and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states
otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
We may authorize agents
or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering
price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified
date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of
these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
Dealers
We may sell the offered
securities to dealers as principals. The dealer may then resell such securities to the public either at varying prices to be determined
by the dealer or at a fixed offering price agreed to with us at the time of resale.
Institutional Purchasers
We may authorize agents,
dealers or underwriters to solicit certain institutional investors to purchase offered securities on a delayed delivery basis pursuant
to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified future date. The applicable prospectus supplement
or other offering materials, as the case may be, will provide the details of any such arrangement, including the offering price
and commissions payable on the solicitations.
We will enter into such
delayed contracts only with institutional purchasers that we approve. These institutions may include commercial and savings banks,
insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions.
Indemnification; Other Relationships
We may provide agents,
underwriters, dealers and remarketing firms with indemnification against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under
the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities.
Agents, underwriters, dealers and remarketing firms, and their affiliates, may engage in transactions with, or perform services
for, us in the ordinary course of business. This includes commercial banking and investment banking transactions.
Market-Making; Stabilization and Other
Transactions
There is currently no
market for any of the offered securities, other than our common stock, which is quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market. If the
offered securities are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price, depending
upon prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities and other factors. While it is possible that an underwriter could
inform us that it intends to make a market in the offered securities, such underwriter would not be obligated to do so, and any
such market-making could be discontinued at any time without notice. Therefore, no assurance can be given as to whether an active
trading market will develop for the offered securities. We have no current plans for listing of the debt securities, preferred
stock, warrants or subscription rights on any securities exchange or quotation system; any such listing with respect to any particular
debt securities, preferred stock, warrants or subscription rights will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or
other offering materials, as the case may be.
Any underwriter may
engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering
size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing
bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the
securities, either through exercise of the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to
cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally
sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause
the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the
activities at any time.
Any underwriters or
agents that are qualified market makers on The Nasdaq Capital Market may engage in passive market making transactions in our common
stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during the business day prior to
the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of our common stock. Passive market makers must comply
with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker
must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered
below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase
limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise
prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
Fees and Commissions
If 5% or more of the
net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by a FINRA member participating in the offering
or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA member, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER
General
This prospectus describes
the general terms of our capital stock. The following description is not complete and may not contain all the information you should
consider before investing in our capital stock. For a more detailed description of these securities, you should read the applicable
provisions of Delaware law and our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws. When
we offer to sell a particular series of these securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to
this prospectus. Accordingly, for a description of the terms of any series of securities, you must refer to both the prospectus
supplement relating to that series and the description of the securities described in this prospectus. To the extent the information
contained in the prospectus supplement differs from this summary description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus
supplement.
The total number of
shares of capital stock we are authorized to issue is 150,000,000 shares, of which (a) 100,000,000 are common stock and (b) 50,000,000
are preferred stock.
We, directly or through
agents, dealers or underwriters designated from time to time, may offer, issue and sell, together or separately, up to $100,000,000
in the aggregate of:
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warrants to purchase our securities;
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subscription rights to purchase our securities;
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secured or unsecured debt securities consisting
of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness which may be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities
or subordinated debt securities, each of which may be convertible into equity securities; or
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units comprised of, or other combinations
of, the foregoing securities.
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We may issue the debt
securities as exchangeable for or convertible into shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities that may be sold
by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing. The preferred stock may also be exchangeable for and/or
convertible into shares of common stock, another series of preferred stock or other securities that may be sold by us pursuant
to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing. When a particular series of securities is offered, a supplement to
this prospectus will be delivered with this prospectus, which will set forth the terms of the offering and sale of the offered
securities.
Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation
On April 24, 2014, we
filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, which was previously
approved by our stockholders at our annual meeting held on February 6, 2014. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation,
among other things, increased our authorized number of shares of common stock to 200,000,000 shares from 50,000,000 shares.
Additionally, on April
23, 2014, we filed a Certificate of Elimination with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware eliminating our Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock, Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and returning them to authorized
but undesignated shares of our preferred stock.
On March 4, 2016, the
Company implemented a reverse stock split with a ratio of 1-for-19. The par value and other terms of the common stock were not
affected by the reverse stock split. In addition, the amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
that effected the reverse stock split simultaneously reduced the number of authorized shares of common stock from 200,000,000 to
100,000,000.
Common Stock
As of June 5, 2020,
there were 34,920,219 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, held of record by approximately 123 stockholders. Subject
to preferential rights with respect to any outstanding preferred stock, all outstanding shares of common stock are of the same
class and have equal rights and attributes. Subject to the rights of the preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled
to receive such dividends as are declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends.
We presently intend to retain any earnings to fund the development of our business. Accordingly, we do not anticipate paying any
dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination as to declaration and payment of dividends
will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
In the event of the
liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, each outstanding share of our common stock will be entitled to share equally
in any of our assets remaining after payment of or provision for our debts and other liabilities.
Holders of common stock
are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted upon by stockholders. There is no cumulative voting for the election
of directors, which means that the holders of shares entitled to exercise more than 50% of the voting rights in the election of
directors are able to elect all of the directors.
Holders of common stock
have no preemptive rights to subscribe for or to purchase any additional shares of common stock or other obligations convertible
into shares of common stock which we may issue after the date of this prospectus.
All of the outstanding
shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. Holders of our common stock are not liable for further calls or assessments.
The rights, preferences
and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares
of any series of preferred stock that we may designate in the future.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our
common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC, with an address at 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York 11598.
Listing
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq
Capital Market under the symbol “AIKI”. We have not applied to list our common stock on any other exchange or quotation
system.
Limitations on Directors’ Liability
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
and Amended and Restated Bylaws contain provisions indemnifying our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware
law.
In addition, as permitted
by Delaware law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that no director will be liable to us or our stockholders
for monetary damages for breach of the director’s fiduciary duty as a director. The effect of this provision is to restrict
our rights and the rights of our stockholders in derivative suits to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of
the director’s fiduciary duty as a director, except that a director will be personally liable for:
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any breach of his or her duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;
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acts or omissions not in good faith which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
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the payment of dividends or the redemption or purchase of stock in violation of Delaware law; or
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any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
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This provision does
not affect a director’s liability under the federal securities laws.
To the extent that our
directors, officers and controlling persons are indemnified under the provisions contained in our Amended and Restated Certificate
of Incorporation or Delaware law against liabilities arising under the Securities Act, we have been advised that in the opinion
of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Provisions of our Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, our Shareholder Rights Plan and Delaware Law that May Have an Anti-Takeover
Effect
Certain provisions set
forth in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, our Amended and Restated Shareholder
Rights Plan and Delaware law could have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals or making a tender offer or
delaying or preventing a change in control, including changes a stockholder might consider favorable. Such provisions may also
prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management.
Amended and Restated Certificate
of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws
In particular, our Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, among other things:
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authorize our Board of Directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 50,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock;
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provide that stockholders must provide advance notice to nominate persons for election to our Board of Directors or submit proposals for consideration at stockholder meetings;
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specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our Board of Directors or by any officer instructed by the Board of Directors to a call a special meeting;
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provide that vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of directors in office, although less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director; and
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provide the Board of Directors with the ability to alter the Amended and Restated Bylaws without stockholder approval.
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Shareholder Rights Plan
On January 1, 2013,
and as amended and restated on June 9, 2017, we adopted a stockholder rights plan in which rights to purchase shares of Series
A Preferred Stock were distributed as a dividend at the rate of one right for each share of common stock. The rights are designed
to guard against partial tender offers and other abusive and coercive tactics that might be used in an attempt to gain control
of AIkido or to deprive our stockholders of their interest in the long-term value of AIkido. These rights seek to achieve these
goals by forcing a potential acquirer to negotiate with our Board of Directors (or go to court to try to force the Board of Directors
to redeem the rights), because only the Board of Directors can redeem the rights and allow the potential acquirer to acquire our
shares without suffering very significant dilution. However, these rights also could deter or prevent transactions that stockholders
deem to be in their interests, and could reduce the price that investors or an acquirer might be willing to pay in the future for
shares of our common stock.
Each right entitles
the registered holder to purchase one nineteen-hundredth of a share (a “Unit”) of our Series A Preferred Stock. Each
Unit of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to an aggregate dividend of 100 times the dividend declared per share of common
stock. In the event of liquidation, the holders of the Units of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to an aggregate payment
of 100 times the payment made per share of common stock. Each Unit of Series A Preferred Stock will have 100 votes, voting together
with the common stock. Finally, in the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which shares of common stock
are exchanged, each Unit of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive 100 times the amount received per share of common
stock. These rights are protected by customary anti-dilution provisions.
The rights will be exercisable
only if a person or group acquires ten percent (10%) or more of our common stock (subject to certain exceptions stated in the plan)
or announces a tender offer the consummation of which would result in ownership by a person or group of ten percent (10%) or more
of our common stock. Our Board of Directors may redeem the rights at a price of $0.001 per right. The stockholder rights plan provides
that the rights will expire at the close of business on December 31, 2020 unless the expiration date is extended or unless the
rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged by the Company.
Delaware Takeover Statute
Section 203 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) prohibits a Delaware corporation that is a public company from engaging in any
“business combination” (as defined below) with any “interested stockholder” (defined generally as an entity
or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated
with such entity or person) for a period of three years following the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder,
unless:
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before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
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upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
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on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
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Section 203 of the DCGL
defines “business combination” to include:
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any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;
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any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;
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subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;
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any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or
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the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation.
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Preferred Stock
Our Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors is authorized, without further
stockholder action, to establish various series of such preferred stock from time to time and to determine the rights, preferences
and privileges of any unissued series including, among other matters, any dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting
rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms, the number of shares constituting any such series, and
the description thereof and to issue any such shares. Although there is no current intent to do so, our Board of Directors may,
without stockholder approval, issue shares of an additional class or series of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights
which could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of the common stock.
One of the effects of
the preferred stock may be to enable the Board of Directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control
of the Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby to protect the continuity of the management.
The DGCL provides that
the holders of preferred stock will have the right to vote separately as a class on any proposal involving certain fundamental
changes in the rights of holders of that series of preferred stock. This right is in addition to any voting rights provided for
in the applicable certificate of designation.
Our Board of Directors
may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or
other rights of the holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could be issued quickly with terms designed to delay or prevent
a change in control of our Company or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock
could have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock.
The Company had
designated separate series of its capital stock as of June 5, 2020 as summarized below:
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Number
of
Shares Issued
and Outstanding
as of June 5,
2020
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Par
Value
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Conversio
Ratio
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Series “A”
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—
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$
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0.0001
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N/A
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Series “C”
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—
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0.0001
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0.05:1
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Series “D”
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4,725
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0.0001
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0.53:1
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Series “D-1”
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834
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0.0001
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0.53:1
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Series “F-1”
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—
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0.0001
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0.05:1
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Series “H”
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—
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0.0001
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0.53:1
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Series “I”
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—
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0.0001
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1.05:1
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Series “J”
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—
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0.0001
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0.05:1
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Series “K”
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—
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0.0001
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263.16:1
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Series “L”
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—
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0.0001
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1,000:1
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On April 23, 2014, the
Company filed a Certificate of Elimination with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware eliminating its Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock, Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and returning them to authorized
but undesignated shares of preferred stock. No shares of the foregoing series of preferred stock were outstanding.
On March 24, 2020, the
Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Series L Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to
designate a new Series L Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company.
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
In connection with the
acquisition of North South’s patent portfolio in September 2013, the Company issued 1,379,685 shares of its Series D Convertible
Preferred Stock (“Series D Preferred Stock”) to the stockholders of North South. Each share of Series D
Preferred Stock has a stated value of $0.0001 per share and is convertible into ten-nineteenths of a share of common stock. Upon
the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company’s business, each holder of Series D Preferred Stock shall be entitled
to receive, for each share of Series D Preferred Stock held, a preferential amount in cash equal to the greater of (i) the stated
value or (ii) the amount the holder would receive as a holder of common stock on an “as converted” basis. Each
holder of Series D Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote on all matters submitted to its stockholders and shall be entitled
to such number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock such shares of Series D Preferred Stock are convertible into
at such time, taking into account the beneficial ownership limitations set forth in the governing Certificate of Designation and
the conversion limitations described below. At no time may shares of Series D Preferred Stock be converted if such conversion
would cause the holder to hold in excess of 4.99% of issued and outstanding common stock, subject to an increase in such limitation
up to 9.99% of the issued and outstanding common stock on 61 days’ written notice to the Company. The conversion
ratio of the Series D Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, combination of shares
and similar recapitalization transactions.
As of June 5, 2020,
4,725 shares of Series D Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding.
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred
Stock
The Company’s
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series D-1 Preferred Stock”) was established on November 22, 2013. Each
share of Series D-1 Preferred Stock has a stated value of $0.0001 per share and is convertible into ten- nineteenths of a share
of common stock. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company’s business, each holder of Series
D-1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, for each share of Series D-1 Preferred Stock held, a preferential amount in cash
equal to the greater of (i) the stated value or (ii) the amount the holder would receive as a holder of common stock on an “as
converted” basis. Each holder of Series D-1 Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote on all matters submitted
to the Company’s stockholders and shall be entitled to such number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock
such shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock are convertible into at such time, taking into account the beneficial ownership limitations
set forth in the governing Certificate of Designation. At no time may shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock be converted
if such conversion would cause the holder to hold in excess of 9.99% of issued and outstanding common stock. The conversion
ratio of the Series D-1 Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, combination of
shares and similar recapitalization transactions. The Company commenced an exchange with holders of Series D Convertible
Preferred Stock pursuant to which the holders of the Company’s outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock acquired in
the Merger could exchange such shares for shares of the Company’s Series D-1 Preferred Stock on a one-for-one basis.
As of June 5, 2020,
834 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding.
Purchase Contracts
We
may issue purchase contracts, representing contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and us to sell to the holders, a specific
or varying number of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depositary shares, debt securities, warrants or any combination of
the above, at a future date or dates. Alternatively, the purchase contracts may obligate us to purchase from holders, and obligate
holders to sell to us, a specific or varying number of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depositary shares, debt securities,
or any combination of the above. The price of the securities and other property subject to the purchase contracts may be fixed
at the time the purchase contracts are issued or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the purchase
contracts. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as a part of a unit that consists of (a) a purchase contract
and (b) one or more of the other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing,
which may secure the holders’ obligations to purchase the securities under the purchase contract. The purchase contracts
may require us to make periodic payments to the holders or require the holders to make periodic payments to us. These payments
may be unsecured or prefunded and may be paid on a current or on a deferred basis. The purchase contracts may require holders to
secure their obligations under the contracts in a manner specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We
will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a
current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the purchase contracts and purchase contract agreement, if any.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any purchase contracts in respect of which this prospectus is being
delivered, including, to the extent applicable, the following:
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whether the purchase contracts obligate the holder or us to purchase or sell, or both purchase and sell, the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract, and the nature and amount of each of those securities, or the method of determining those amounts;
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whether the purchase contracts are to be prepaid or not;
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whether the purchase contracts are to be settled by delivery, or by reference or linkage to the value, performance or level of the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract;
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any acceleration, cancellation, termination or other provisions relating to the settlement of the purchase contracts; and
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whether the purchase contracts will be issued in fully registered or global form.
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Warrants
We
may issue warrants to purchase our securities or other rights, including rights to receive payment in cash or securities based
on the value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the
foregoing. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus
or any combination of the foregoing and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. To the extent warrants that we issue
are to be publicly-traded, each series of such warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between
us and a warrant agent.
We
will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a
current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the warrant and warrant agreement, if any. The prospectus supplement
relating to any warrants that we may offer will contain the specific terms of the warrants and a description of the material provisions
of the applicable warrant agreement, if any. These terms may include the following:
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the title of the warrants;
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the price or prices at which the warrants
will be issued;
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the designation, amount and terms of the
securities or other rights for which the warrants are exercisable;
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the designation and terms of the other
securities, if any, with which the warrants are to be issued and the number of warrants issued with each other security;
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the aggregate number of warrants;
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any provisions for adjustment of the number
or amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the warrants or the exercise price of the warrants;
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the price or prices at which the securities
or other rights purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased;
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if applicable, the date on and after which
the warrants and the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of the warrants will be separately transferable;
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a discussion of any material U.S. federal
income tax considerations applicable to the exercise of the warrants;
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the date on which the right to exercise
the warrants will commence, and the date on which the right will expire;
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the maximum or minimum number of warrants
that may be exercised at any time;
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information with respect to book-entry
procedures, if any; and
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any other terms of the warrants, including
terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants.
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Each
warrant will entitle the holder of warrants to purchase the amount of securities or other rights, at the exercise price stated
or determinable in the prospectus supplement for the warrants. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business
on the expiration date shown in the applicable prospectus supplement, unless otherwise specified in such prospectus supplement.
After the close of business on the expiration date, if applicable, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be exercised
in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. When the warrant holder makes the payment and properly completes
and signs the warrant certificate at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent, if any, or any other office indicated in
the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as possible, forward the securities or other rights that the warrant holder has purchased.
If the warrant holder exercises less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate, we will issue a new warrant
certificate for the remaining warrants.
A summary of warrant
activity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019 is presented below:
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Warrants
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Weighted Average
Exercise
Price
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Total
Intrinsic
Value
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Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(in years)
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Outstanding as of December 31, 2019
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351,939
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$
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19.96
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$
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111,332
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0.94
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Issued
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11,207,244
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0.72
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-
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0.15
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Exercised
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(10,695,706
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)
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0.67
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-
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Outstanding as of March 31, 2020
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863,477
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$
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19.96
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33,126
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0.70
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On May 29, 2019, the
Company entered into the Master Service Agreement (“MSA”) with a consultant, World Wide Holdings, LLC (“Consultant”).
In consideration for services provided by Consultant, the Company paid to Consultant three warrants (the “Consultant Warrant”),
with each warrant immediately exercisable for 33,333 shares of common stock with a $0.01 strike price. The Company issued each
of the three warrants on June 28, July 28 and August 27, 2019, respectively. The Company recorded $0.3 million in stock-based compensation
during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to this arrangement. On July 12, 2019, the Company issued 33,333 shares of common
stock upon exercise of one Consultant Warrant which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $333.
Subscription Rights
We
may issue rights to purchase our securities. The rights may or may not be transferable by the persons purchasing or receiving the
rights. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement with one or more
underwriters or other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered securities remaining
unsubscribed for after such rights offering. In connection with a rights offering to holders of our capital stock a prospectus
supplement will be distributed to such holders on the record date for receiving rights in the rights offering set by us.
We
will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a
current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the subscription rights, standby underwriting agreement or other
agreements, if any. The prospectus supplement relating to any rights that we offer will include specific terms relating to the
offering, including, among other matters:
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the date of determining the security holders
entitled to the rights distribution;
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the aggregate number of rights issued
and the aggregate amount of securities purchasable upon exercise of the rights;
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the conditions to completion of the rights
offering;
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the date on which the right to exercise
the rights will commence and the date on which the rights will expire; and
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any applicable federal income tax considerations.
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Each
right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase the principal amount of securities at the exercise price set forth in
the applicable prospectus supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for
the rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised
rights will become void.
Holders
may exercise rights as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Upon receipt of payment and the rights certificate
properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the rights agent, if any, or any other office indicated in
the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the securities purchasable upon exercise of the rights. If
less than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons
other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant
to standby underwriting arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Depositary Shares
General.
We may offer fractional shares of preferred stock, rather than full shares of preferred stock. If we decide to offer
fractional shares of our preferred stock, we will issue receipts for depositary shares. Each depositary share will represent a
fraction of a share of a particular series of our preferred stock, and the applicable prospectus supplement will indicate that
fraction. The shares of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a deposit agreement between us
and a depositary that is a bank or trust company that meets certain requirements and is selected by us. The depositary will be
specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each owner of a depositary share will be entitled to all of the rights and preferences
of the preferred stock represented by the depositary share. The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued
pursuant to the deposit agreement. Depositary receipts will be distributed to those persons purchasing the fractional shares of
our preferred stock in accordance with the terms of the offering. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which
this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms
of the deposit agreement, form of certificate of designation of underlying preferred stock, form of depositary receipts and any
other related agreements.
Dividends
and Other Distributions. The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received
by it in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares relating to such preferred shares in proportion
to the numbers of depositary shares held on the relevant record date.
In
the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute securities or property received by it to the record
holders of depositary shares in proportion to the numbers of depositary shares held on the relevant record date, unless the depositary
determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution. In that case, the depositary may make the distribution by such method
as it deems equitable and practicable. One such possible method is for the depositary to sell the securities or property and then
distribute the net proceeds from the sale as provided in the case of a cash distribution.
Redemption
of Depositary Shares. Whenever we redeem the preferred stock, the depositary will redeem a number of depositary
shares representing the same number of shares of preferred stock so redeemed. If fewer than all of the depositary shares are to
be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot, pro rata or by any other equitable method as the depositary
may determine.
Voting
of Underlying Shares. Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of our preferred stock of any series
are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in the notice of the meeting to the record holders of
the depositary shares relating to that series of preferred stock. Each record holder of the depositary shares on the record date
will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights represented by the number of shares of preferred
stock underlying the holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, to the extent it is practical to do so, to
vote the number of whole shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions. We will
agree to take all action that the depositary may deem reasonably necessary in order to enable the depositary to do so. To the extent
the depositary does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares relating to such preferred shares,
it will abstain from voting such shares of preferred stock.
Withdrawal
of Shares. Upon surrender of depositary receipts representing any number of whole shares at the depositary’s office,
unless the related depositary shares previously have been called for redemption, the holder of the depositary shares evidenced
by the depositary receipts will be entitled to delivery of the number of whole shares of the related series of preferred stock
and all money and other property, if any, underlying such depositary shares. However, once such an exchange is made, the preferred
stock cannot thereafter be re-deposited in exchange for depositary shares. Holders of depositary shares will be entitled to receive
whole shares of the related series of preferred stock on the basis set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the depositary
receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares representing more than the number of whole shares of preferred
stock of the related series to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to the holder at the same time a new depositary receipt
evidencing the excess number of depositary shares.
Amendment
and Termination of Depositary Agreement. The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and
any provision of the applicable depositary agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between us and the depositary. We
may, with the consent of the depositary, amend the depositary agreement from time to time in any manner that we desire. However,
if the amendment would materially and adversely alter the rights of the existing holders of depositary shares, the amendment would
need to be approved by the holders of at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding.
The depositary agreement
may be terminated by us or the depositary if:
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all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed; or
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there has been a final distribution in respect of the shares of preferred stock of the applicable series in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and such distribution has been made to the holders of depositary receipts.
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Resignation
and Removal of Depositary. The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so.
We may remove a depositary at any time. Any resignation or removal will take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary
and its acceptance of appointment.
Charges
of Depositary. We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of
any depositary arrangements. We will pay all charges of each depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred
shares of any series, the initial issuance of the depositary shares, any redemption of such preferred shares and any withdrawals
of such preferred shares by holders of depositary shares. Holders of depositary shares will be required to pay any other transfer
taxes.
Notices.
Each depositary will forward to the holders of the applicable depositary shares all notices, reports and communications
from us which are delivered to such depositary and which we are required to furnish the holders of the preferred stock represented
by such depositary shares.
Miscellaneous.
The depositary agreement may contain provisions that limit our liability and the liability of the depositary to the holders of
depositary shares. Both the depositary and we are also entitled to an indemnity from the holders of the depositary shares prior
to bringing, or defending against, any legal proceeding. We or any depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants,
or information provided by persons presenting preferred shares for deposit, holders of depositary shares or other persons believed
by us to be competent and on documents believed by us or them to be genuine.
Debt Securities
As
used in this prospectus, the term “debt securities” means the debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness
that we may issue from time to time. The debt securities will either be senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt or subordinated
debt securities. We may also issue convertible debt securities. Debt securities may be issued under an indenture (which we refer
to herein as an Indenture), which are contracts entered into between us and a trustee to be named therein. The Indenture has been
filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We may issue debt securities and incur
additional indebtedness other than through the offering of debt securities pursuant to this prospectus. It is likely that convertible
debt securities will not be issued under an Indenture.
The
debt securities may be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a secured or unsecured senior or subordinated basis by one or more
guarantors, if any. The obligations of any guarantor under its guarantee will be limited as necessary to prevent that guarantee
from constituting a fraudulent conveyance under applicable law. In the event that any series of debt securities will be subordinated
to other indebtedness that we have outstanding or may incur, the terms of the subordination will be set forth in the prospectus
supplement relating to the subordinated debt securities.
We
may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, in each case with the same or various maturities, at par or
at a discount. Unless indicated in a prospectus supplement, we may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without
the consent of the holders of the debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt
securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities
under the applicable Indenture and will be equal in ranking.
Should
an Indenture relate to unsecured indebtedness, in the event of a bankruptcy or other liquidation event involving a distribution
of assets to satisfy our outstanding indebtedness or an event of default under a loan agreement relating to secured indebtedness
of our company or its subsidiaries, the holders of such secured indebtedness, if any, would be entitled to receive payment of principal
and interest prior to payments on the unsecured indebtedness issued under an Indenture.
Each
prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to the specific series of debt securities. These terms will include some
or all of the following:
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the title of debt securities and whether
the debt securities are senior or subordinated;
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any limit on the aggregate principal amount
of debt securities of such series;
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the percentage of the principal amount
at which the debt securities of any series will be issued;
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the ability to issue additional debt securities
of the same series;
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the purchase price for the debt securities
and the denominations of the debt securities;
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the specific designation of the series
of debt securities being offered;
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the maturity date or dates of the debt
securities and the date or dates upon which the debt securities are payable and the rate or rates at which the debt securities
of the series shall bear interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, or the method by which such rate shall be determined;
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the basis for calculating interest;
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the date or dates from which any interest
will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;
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the duration of any deferral period, including
the period during which interest payment periods may be extended;
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whether the amount of payments of principal
of (and premium, if any) or interest on the debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method,
such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such
payments;
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the dates on which we will pay interest
on the debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment
date;
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the place or places where the principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest on the debt securities will be payable, where any securities may be surrendered for registration
of transfer, exchange or conversion, as applicable, and notices and demands may be delivered to or upon us pursuant to the applicable
Indenture;
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the rate or rates of amortization of the
debt securities;
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any terms for the attachment to the debt
securities of warrants, options or other rights to purchase or sell our securities;
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if the debt securities will be secured
by any collateral and, if so, a general description of the collateral and the terms and provisions of such collateral security,
pledge or other agreements;
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if we possess the option to do so, the
periods within which and the prices at which we may redeem the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption
provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions;
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our obligation or discretion, if any,
to redeem, repay or purchase debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or
at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which we will
redeem, repay or purchase the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions
of such obligation;
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the terms and conditions, if any, regarding
the option or mandatory conversion or exchange of debt securities;
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the period or periods within which, the
price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any debt securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or
in part at our option and, if other than by a board resolution, the manner in which any election by us to redeem the debt securities
shall be evidenced;
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any restriction or condition on the transferability
of the debt securities of a particular series;
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the portion, or methods of determining
the portion, of the principal amount of the debt securities which we must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt
securities in connection with any event of default;
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the currency or currencies in which the
debt securities will be denominated and in which principal, any premium and any interest will or may be payable or a description
of any units based on or relating to a currency or currencies in which the debt securities will be denominated;
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provisions, if any, granting special rights
to holders of the debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events;
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any deletions from, modifications of or
additions to the events of default or our covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not
such events of default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable Indenture;
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any limitation on our ability to incur
debt, redeem stock, sell our assets or other restrictions;
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the application, if any, of the terms
of the applicable Indenture relating to defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to the debt securities;
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what subordination provisions will apply
to the debt securities;
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the terms, if any, upon which the holders
may convert or exchange the debt securities into or for our securities or property;
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whether we are issuing the debt securities
in whole or in part in global form;
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any change in the right of the trustee
or the requisite holders of debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an event of default;
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the depositary for global or certificated
debt securities, if any;
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any material federal income tax consequences
applicable to the debt securities, including any debt securities denominated and made payable, as described in the prospectus supplements,
in foreign currencies, or units based on or related to foreign currencies;
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any right we may have to satisfy, discharge
and defease our obligations under the debt securities, or terminate or eliminate restrictive covenants or events of default in
the Indentures, by depositing money or U.S. government obligations with the trustee of the Indentures;
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the names of any trustees, depositories,
authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to the debt securities;
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to whom any interest on any debt security
shall be payable, if other than the person in whose name the security is registered, on the record date for such interest, the
extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global debt security will be paid;
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if the principal of or any premium or
interest on any debt securities is to be payable in one or more currencies or currency units other than as stated, the currency,
currencies or currency units in which it shall be paid and the periods within and terms and conditions upon which such election
is to be made and the amounts payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined);
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the portion of the principal amount of
any debt securities which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities pursuant to
the applicable Indenture;
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if the principal amount payable at the
stated maturity of any debt security of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the stated maturity,
the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such debt securities as of any such date for any purpose, including
the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any maturity other than the stated maturity or which shall be
deemed to be outstanding as of any date prior to the stated maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed
to be the principal amount shall be determined); and
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any other specific terms of the debt securities,
including any modifications to the events of default under the debt securities and any other terms which may be required by or
advisable under applicable laws or regulations.
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Unless
otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we do not anticipate the debt securities will be listed on any securities
exchange. Holders of the debt securities may present registered debt securities for exchange or transfer in the manner described
in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as limited by the applicable Indenture, we will provide these services without
charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with the exchange or transfer.
Debt
securities may bear interest at a fixed rate or a variable rate as specified in the prospectus supplement. In addition, if specified
in the prospectus supplement, we may sell debt securities bearing no interest or interest a t a rate that at the time of issuance
is below the prevailing market rate, or at a discount below their stated principal amount. We will describe in the applicable prospectus
supplement any special federal income tax considerations applicable to these discounted debt securities.
We
may issue debt securities with the principal amount payable on any principal payment date, or the amount of interest payable on
any interest payment date, to be determined by referring to one or more currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity indices
or other factors. Holders of such debt securities may receive a principal amount on any principal payment date, or interest payments
on any interest payment date, that are greater or less than the amount of principal or interest otherwise payable on such dates,
depending upon the value on such dates of applicable currency, commodity, equity index or other factors. The applicable prospectus
supplement will contain information as to how we will determine the amount of principal or interest payable on any date, as well
as the currencies, commodities, equity indices or other factors to which the amount payable on that date relates and certain additional
tax considerations.
Units
We
may issue units consisting of any combination of the other types of securities offered under this prospectus in one or more series.
We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we may issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit
agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent, if any, may be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name
and address of the unit agent, if any, in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units. Specific
unit agreements, if any, will contain additional important terms and provisions. We will file as an exhibit to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report that we file with the SEC,
the form of unit and the form of each unit agreement, if any, relating to units offered under this prospectus.
If
we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including,
without limitation, the following, as applicable:
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●
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the title of the series of units;
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●
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identification and description of the
separate constituent securities comprising the units;
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●
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the price or prices at which the units
will be issued;
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●
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the date, if any, on and after which the
constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;
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●
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a discussion of certain United States
federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and
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●
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any other material terms of the units
and their constituent securities.
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Undesignated Preferred Stock
The ability of our Board
of Directors to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences as designated
by our Board of Directors could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. These and other provisions may have
the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of our company.
Requirements for Advance Notification
of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals
Our Amended and Restated
Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals to be brought before a stockholder meeting and
the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors
or a committee of the Board of Directors.
FORMS OF SECURITIES
Each
security may be represented either by a certificate issued in definitive form to a particular investor or by one or more global
securities representing the entire issuance of securities. Certificated securities in definitive form and global securities will
be issued in registered form. Definitive securities name you or your nominee as the owner of the security, and in order to transfer
or exchange these securities or to receive payments other than interest or other interim payments, you or your nominee must physically
deliver the securities to the trustee, registrar, paying agent or other agent, as applicable. Global securities name a depositary
or its nominee as the owner of the debt securities, warrants or units represented by these global securities. The depositary maintains
a computerized system that will reflect each investor’s beneficial ownership of the securities through an account maintained
by the investor with its broker/dealer, bank, trust company or other representative, as we explain more fully below.
Registered Global Securities
We
may issue the securities in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with a depositary
or its nominee identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of that depositary or nominee. In
those cases, one or more registered global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the
portion of the aggregate principal or face amount of the securities to be represented by registered global securities. Unless and
until it is exchanged in whole for securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred
except as a whole by and among the depositary for the registered global security, the nominees of the depositary or any successors
of the depositary or those nominees.
The
specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any securities to be represented by a registered global security will
be described in the prospectus supplement relating to those securities. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply
to all depositary arrangements.
Ownership
of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons, called participants, that have accounts with
the depositary or persons that may hold interests through participants. Upon the issuance of a registered global security, the
depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective
principal or face amounts of the securities beneficially owned by the participants. Any dealers, underwriters or agents participating
in the distribution of the securities will designate the accounts to be credited. Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered
global security will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by
the depositary, with respect to interests of participants, and on the records of participants, with respect to interests of persons
holding through participants. The laws of some states may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of
these securities in definitive form. These laws may impair your ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered
global securities.
So
long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered owner of a registered global security, that depositary or its nominee,
as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the securities represented by the registered global security
for all purposes under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement.
Except
as described below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security will not be entitled to have the securities
represented by the registered global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery
of the securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders of the securities under the applicable indenture,
warrant agreement or unit agreement. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must
rely on the procedures of the depositary for that registered global security and, if that person is not a participant, on the procedures
of the participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture,
warrant agreement or unit agreement. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders
or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled
to give or take under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement, the depositary for the registered global security
would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take that action, and the participants would
authorize beneficial owners owning through them to give or take that action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial
owners holding through them.
Payments
to holders with respect to securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its
nominee will be made to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the registered global security.
None of the Company, the trustees, the warrant agents, the unit agents or any other agent of the Company, agent of the trustees,
the warrant agents or unit agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to payments
made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing
any records relating to those beneficial ownership interests.
We
expect that the depositary for any of the securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payment of
principal, premium, interest or other payment or distribution to holders of that registered global security, will immediately credit
participants’ accounts in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in that registered global security
as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a
registered global security held through participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices,
as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers or registered in “street name,” and will
be the responsibility of those participants.
If
the depositary for any of these securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue
as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and a successor depositary registered as a clearing
agency under the Exchange Act is not appointed by us within 90 days, we will issue securities in definitive form in exchange for
the registered global security that had been held by the depositary. Any securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a
registered global security will be registered in the name or names that the depositary gives to the relevant trustee, warrant agent,
unit agent or other relevant agent of ours or theirs. It is expected that the depositary’s instructions will be based upon
directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the registered global
security that had been held by the depositary.
LEGAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise indicated
in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by
Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York. If legal matters in connection with offerings made by this prospectus
are passed on by counsel for the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, that counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
EXPERTS
The financial statements
of AIkido Pharma Inc. as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 have been audited
by Marcum LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein. Such financial statements
are included in this prospectus and registration statement in reliance upon the report (which report includes an explanatory paragraph
relating to our ability to continue as a going concern) of Marcum LLP, appearing elsewhere herein, and upon the authority of such
firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We file annual, quarter
and periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission using the Commission’s
EDGAR system. You may inspect these documents and copy information from them at the Commission’s offices at public reference
room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling
the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Commission maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other
information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission. The address of such site is http//www.sec.gov.
INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
We are “incorporating
by reference” in this prospectus certain documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information
to you by referring you to those documents. The information in the documents incorporated by reference is considered to be
part of this prospectus. Statements contained in documents that we file with the SEC and that are incorporated by reference in
this prospectus will automatically update and supersede information contained in this prospectus, including information in previously
filed documents or reports that have been incorporated by reference in this prospectus, to the extent the new information differs
from or is inconsistent with the old information. We have filed or may file the following documents with the SEC and they
are incorporated herein by reference as of their respective dates of filing.
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●
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Current Reports on
Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February
24, 2020, March 9,
2020, March 10,
2020, March 25,
2020, March 26, 2020
(with respect to two
reports), March
30, 2020, April
15, 2020, April
20, 2020 and May 1, 2020;
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●
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Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, filed
with the SEC on May 14, 2020;
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●
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Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on January 31, 2020; and
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●
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Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on July 24, 2019.
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All documents that we filed with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, and 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the
date of this registration statement and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to this registration statement that indicates
that all securities offered under this prospectus have been sold, or that deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, will
be deemed to be incorporated in this registration statement by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such
documents.
Any statement contained
in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed modified, superseded or
replaced for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, or in any subsequently filed
document that also is deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus, modifies, supersedes or replaces such statement.
Any statement so modified, superseded or replaced shall not be deemed, except as so modified, superseded or replaced, to constitute
a part of this prospectus. None of the information that we disclose under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K
or any corresponding information, either furnished under Item 9.01 or included as an exhibit therein, that we may from time to
time furnish to the SEC will be incorporated by reference into, or otherwise included in, this prospectus, except as otherwise
expressly set forth in the relevant document. Subject to the foregoing, all information appearing in this prospectus is qualified
in its entirety by the information appearing in the documents incorporated by reference.
You may requests, orally
or in writing, a copy of these documents, which will be provided to you at no cost (other than exhibits, unless such exhibits are
specifically incorporate by reference), by contacting Michelle Parisi, c/o AIkido Pharma Inc., at One Rockefeller Plaza, 11th Floor,
New York, New York 10020. Our telephone number is (703) 992-9325. Information about us is also available at our website at http://www.aikidopharma.com/.
However, the information in our website is not a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The Company is paying all expenses of the
offering. The following table sets forth all expenses to be paid by the registrant. All amounts shown are estimates except
for the registration fee.
SEC registration fee
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$
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12,980
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Printing
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*
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Legal fees and expenses
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$
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50,000
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Accounting fees and expenses
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$
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3,800
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Trustees’ Fees and Expenses
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*
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Warrant Agent Fees and Expenses
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*
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Miscellaneous
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*
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Total
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$
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66,780
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*
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These fees are calculated based on the securities offered
and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth
the estimated amount of expenses of any offering of securities.
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Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Under Section 145 of
the DGCL, a corporation may indemnify its directors, officers, employees and agents and its former directors, officers, employees
and agents and those who serve, at the corporation’s request, in such capacities with another enterprise, against expenses
(including attorney’s fees), as well as judgments, fines and settlements, actually and reasonably incurred in connection
with the defense of any action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) in which they or
any of them were or are made parties or are threatened to be made parties by reason of their serving or having served in such capacity.
The DGCL provides, however, that such person must have acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be
in (or not opposed to) the best interests of the corporation and, in the case of a criminal action, such person must have had no
reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. In addition, the DGCL does not permit indemnification in an action
or suit by or in the right of the corporation, where such person has been adjudged liable to the corporation for negligence or
misconduct in the performance of his/her duty to the corporation, unless, and only to the extent that, a court determines that
such person fairly and reasonably is entitled to indemnity for costs the court deems proper in light of liability adjudication.
Indemnity is mandatory to the extent a claim, issue or matter has been successfully defended.
Section 102(b)(7) of
the DGCL permits a corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a provision eliminating or limiting the personal
liability of a director to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director,
provided that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director’s
duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL (relating to unlawful payment of dividends and unlawful
stock purchase or redemption) or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
Article XIII of the
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company contains provisions which are designed to provide mandatory indemnification of directors
and officers of the Company to the full extent permitted by law, as now in effect or later amended. The Amended and Restated Bylaws
further provide that, if and to the extent required by the DGCL, an advance payment of expenses to a director or officer of the
Company that is entitled to indemnification will only be made upon delivery to the Company of an undertaking, by or on behalf of
the director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it is ultimately determined that such director is not entitled to
indemnification.
Item 16. Exhibits.
The following exhibits
are filed with this Registration Statement.
The agreements included
or incorporated by reference as exhibits to this registration statement contain representations and warranties by each of the parties
to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties were made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the
applicable agreement and (i) were not intended to be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating
the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) may have been qualified in such agreement
by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement; (iii) may
apply contract standards of “materiality” that are different from “materiality” under the applicable securities
laws; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in
the agreement.
The undersigned registrant
acknowledges that, notwithstanding the inclusion of the foregoing cautionary statements, it is responsible for considering whether
additional specific disclosures of material information regarding material contractual provisions are required to make the statements
in this registration statement not misleading.
*
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Filed herewith.
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**
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If applicable, to be filed by an amendment or as an exhibit to a report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference
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***
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Portions of this document have been redacted.
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+
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To be filed pursuant to Rule 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
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Item 17. Undertakings.
(a)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i)
to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) to
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set
forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if
the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high
end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)
if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price
set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) to
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement
or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided , however
, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective
amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13
or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained
in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed
to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.
(4) That,
for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i) Each
prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as
of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each
prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance
on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing
the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the
registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the
first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability
purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date
of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that
no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated
or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will,
as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made
in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately
prior to such effective date.
(5) That,
for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution
of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant
pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if
the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant
will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any
preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any
free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to
by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The
portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant
or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any
other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b) The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability of the registrant under the Securities
Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to
be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set
forth the results of the subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of
unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any public
offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, a post-effective
amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such offering.
(d) Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by
the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense
of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities
being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(e) The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to
act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations
prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the
requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all
of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York on this 8th day of June, 2020.
|
AIKIDO PHARMA INC.
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By:
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/s/ Anthony Hayes
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Anthony Hayes
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Chief Executive Officer, Director,
Principal Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer
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KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each
person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Anthony Hayes their true and lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power
of substitution and resubstitution for them and in their name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments
including post-effective amendments to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other
documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact or their substitute,
each acting alone, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities
and on the dates indicated.
Signature
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Title
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Date
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/s/
Anthony Hayes
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Chief Executive Officer, Director, Principal
Financial Officer and
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|
June 8, 2020
|
Anthony
Hayes
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Principal Accounting Officer
|
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/s/
Robert J. Vander Zanden
|
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Director and Chairman of the Board
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June 8, 2020
|
Robert
J. Vander Zanden
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/s/
Tim S. Ledwick
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Director
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|
June 8, 2020
|
Tim
S. Ledwick
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/s/
Paul LeMire
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Director
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|
June 8, 2020
|
Paul
LeMire
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/s/
Gregory James Blattner
|
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Director
|
|
June 8, 2020
|
Gregory
James Blattner
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/s/
Robert Dudley
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Director
|
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June 8, 2020
|
Robert
Dudley
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