By Dion Nissenbaum, Benoit Faucon and Felicia Schwartz
With open hostilities between Iran and the U.S. subsiding for
now, the Trump administration is seeking to keep pressure on Iran
without pushing the region into a volatile new confrontation, U.S.
and regional officials said.
U.S. officials said they are increasingly confident Iran and its
Mideast allies are looking to avoid a head-on fight with America,
even as Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, delivered a
firebrand message during prayers on Friday in Tehran.
Key members of President Trump's national-security team view
Tehran as weakened by the confrontation and struggling to regain
its footing domestically after its military mistakenly shot down a
commercial airliner in Iran, triggering days of protests across the
country following its admission of the missile strike that killed
176 people.
Senior U.S. officials are urging Mr. Trump to stand firm, keep
imposing economic sanctions and wait to see if European leaders
move to reimpose United Nations sanctions on Iran for violating a
nuclear-containment deal.
Some of those who backed the decision to kill Iranian Maj. Gen.
Qassem Soleimani on Jan. 3 argue that continuing to squeeze Iran
could weaken the government or even bring about a collapse in the
near to short term, officials involved in the discussions said.
Trump administration officials say they aren't seeking regime
change, just a dramatic shift in Tehran's approach to military and
foreign affairs. But some U.S. officials also believe a collapse
could pave the way for a more moderate government.
"The combination of maximum economic pressure and restoring
deterrence by credible threat of military force, if attacked, is
going to do more to advance peace and stability in the region than
a policy of accommodation with the regime," said Brian Hook, who
oversees Trump administration policy toward Iran at the State
Department.
Other administration officials, including some who harbored
misgivings about the strike on Mr. Soleimani, believe that direct,
back-channel talks between Tehran and Washington would be a more
effective way to avert open conflict. Those officials appear to be
in the minority.
Mr. Trump has offered to take part in direct talks -- as he has
with North Korea -- and said he is willing to listen to anyone who
can help make that happen, but Iran has refused to come to the
table unless the U.S. eases some sanctions.
For now, administration officials believe the Iranians don't
have immediate plans to attack U.S. forces or diplomats.
"It seems that everyone is standing down," a senior U.S.
administration official said. "The question now is what can we do
to advance the president's agenda?"
Meanwhile, U.S. allies in the Middle East are recalibrating
policies, with Israel urging continued U.S. military pressure
against Iran's allies in the region and Arab Gulf states urging the
U.S. to de-escalate the military confrontation with Iran.
Twice this month, U.S. officials said, Mr. Trump has talked by
phone with Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani, the emir of Qatar with
close ties to Tehran. Sheikh Tamim offered to serve as a mediator
between Washington and Tehran in hopes of averting a dangerous
conflict, current and former U.S. officials briefed on the calls
said.
But many Trump administration officials are skeptical that
Qatar's mediation efforts would be more successful than those of
France, Japan, Oman or Pakistan, all of which failed to secure a
diplomatic breakthrough.
"Qatar is engaging busily and at high levels, of its own accord
and without a mandate," one U.S. official said.
The White House has disclosed just one of the two calls.
Saudi Arabia also sent its vice defense minister, Prince Khaled
bin Salman, to Washington, where he urged Mr. Trump to look for
ways to avoid a regional war.
Saudi officials were concerned that Iran-backed Houthi fighters
in Yemen might, at Tehran's urging, step up their attacks on the
neighboring kingdom, which has reduced cross-border attacks and
laid the groundwork for a potential peace deal.
Those fears were realized over the weekend when Houthi forces
launched a missile strike that killed at least 60 Yemeni troops
backed by the Saudi government. The attack comes amid a sharp
uptick in clashes that threatens to undermine fragile peace
talks.
While Qatar and other Arab nations are trying to defuse
tensions, Israel appears to be resuming its airstrikes on Iranian
forces aiding Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
As Sheikh Tamim launched his back-channel diplomatic campaign, a
suspected Israeli airstrike killed three people at a Syrian base
used by Iranian forces and their allies. Last week's strike sent a
message that Tehran would continue to face military pressure.
Much of the U.S. focus following the airstrike in Baghdad that
killed Gen. Suleimani has been on containing the damage in Iraq,
where lawmakers pushed through a nonbinding measure calling for
America to withdraw all its troops.
American allies around the region have been heartened by Mr.
Trump's rejection of the demands, which led Iraq's caretaker Prime
Minister Adel Abdul-Mahdi to temper his calls for a U.S. troop
pullout. Now he is allowing the next government to decide, a
victory for Washington and its allies who want to limit Iranian
influence.
"The most important consideration here is that Iraq is not
absorbed into a Shiite axis led by Iran," said Dore Gold, a former
director-general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs who is now
president of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.
That is also why Qatar and other Arab allies of the U.S. are
focusing their efforts on defusing tensions in Iraq.
"We are also emphasizing that Iraq should not turn into an arena
for regional or international conflicts and, due to Qatar's
geopolitical positioning, the different stakeholders are placing
many hopes on these efforts of the Qatari diplomacy," a Qatari
diplomat said.
Iranian officials said mediation can't succeed without the U.S.
providing sanctions relief.
"It does not matter what channel we use; the main obstacle is on
the other side of the Atlantic," an Iranian diplomat said.
--Summer Said contributed to this article.
Write to Dion Nissenbaum at dion.nissenbaum@wsj.com, Benoit
Faucon at benoit.faucon@wsj.com and Felicia Schwartz at
Felicia.Schwartz@wsj.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
January 20, 2020 05:44 ET (10:44 GMT)
Copyright (c) 2020 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.